1. Project Metadata Block
Field
Description
Project Title
Digital Radar System for Real-time Object
Detection
Date
2026-07-06
Prepared By
41230100932- Amena Begum
41230100966- Md. Foyaz Ullah Shovo
41230100909- Md. Mehedi Hasan Emon
41240202395 - Yousuf Abdullah
Version
v1.0
Target Entity
Northern University Bangladesh Computer
Club (NUBCC) / Faculty Evaluators
Estimated Duration
3 Months (1 Semester)
2. Executive Abstract
The primary objective of this project is to engineer a highly accurate, cost-effective Digital
Radar System capable of real-time spatial object detection. Currently, commercial
360-degree sensors and LiDAR systems utilized for obstacle detection in autonomous robotics
or small-scale security are prohibitively expensive and resource-heavy.
We will design a hardware module utilizing a microcontroller (such as an Arduino or ESP32),
paired with an ultrasonic or ToF (Time-of-Flight) sensor and a servo motor. The captured spatial
data will be transmitted via serial communication to a host computer and visualized through a
custom Graphical User Interface (GUI) mimicking a traditional radar screen. This system will
deliver high-performance, low-latency obstacle mapping, providing a strategic advantage for
lightweight robotic navigation and perimeter security monitoring.
3. Problem Statement & Contextual Background
● Current State/Baseline: Today, entry-level autonomous rovers and small-scale security
systems rely heavily on static infrared or ultrasonic sensors. These setups typically focus
on a fixed directional vector, failing to provide comprehensive, multi-directional
environmental data.
● The Core Bottleneck: Commercial 360-degree radar or LiDAR systems require heavy
capital investment and utilize complex data processing protocols. This creates a massive
bottleneck for student researchers and independent developers attempting to scale local
projects.
● Downstream Impacts: Relying on standard directional sensors leaves significant blind
spots. Left unaddressed, these blind spots result in increased physical collision risks for
moving robotics, critical operational delays in navigation algorithms, and incomplete
perimeter mapping in security deployments.
4. Technical Approach & Implementation Architecture
Execution is divided into two primary vectors: hardware assembly and software-driven data
visualization.
4.1 Block Diagram
4.2 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) & Task Matrix
Phase ID
Phase & Work
Description
Key Milestones &
Deliverables
Assigned
Ownership
P1
Requirements
Gathering &
Hardware Design
Finalized circuit
schematics and
verified component
list.
Hardware Specialist
P2
Prototyping &
Microcontroller
Coding
Assembled core
modules, firmware
upload, and servo
calibration.
Lead Systems Eng.
P3
GUI Development &
Data Routing
Compiled visual
interface and stable
serial data routing.
Software Developer
P4
System Integration
& Validation
Full system
operational loops,
latency logs, and
host rendering
tests.
QA / Testing Lead
5. Resource Constraints, Budget, & Bill of Materials
(BOM)
Item / Component
/ Resource
Unit
Description
Unit Type /
Qty
Unit Price
Subtotal Cost
Microcontroller
(Arduino/ESP32)
Core
Processing
Unit
1 Piece
৳600
৳600
Ultrasonic/ToF
Sensor
Distance
Measurement
1 Piece
৳150
৳150
Servo Motor
(SG90/MG995)
Rotational
Actuator
1 Piece
৳200
৳200
Jumper Wires,
Breadboard,
Mounts
Basic Circuit
Infrastructure
1 Lot
৳300
৳300
Total Resource
Valuation
Estimate
৳1,250
6. Risk Profiles & Mitigation Matrix
Risk Description
Probability
Impact
Severity
Proactive Mitigation & Fallback
Strategy
Sensor Noise &
Inaccuracy
Medium
High
Implement algorithmic smoothing (e.g.,
Kalman filter or moving average) within
the microcontroller firmware.
Servo Motor
Jitter
High
Medium
Isolate the power draw by providing an
external, dedicated power supply for the
servo, bypassing the microcontroller's 5V
pin.
Serial Data Lag
Low
High
Optimize the baud rate configuration and
enforce strict, minimized data packet
sizes to prevent buffer overflow.
7. Acceptance Criteria & Final Handover Benchmarks
● Functional Compliance: The integrated hardware and GUI must run continuously for a
1-hour test cycle without serial communication drops or application freezes.
● Quantitative Sign-Off: Distance measurement deviations must remain below a 5% error
threshold, and end-to-end data latency (from sensor read to GUI render) must clock in at
under 100 milliseconds.
● Documentation Assets: Delivery of complete schematic blueprints, compiled codebase
files, and an operational handover manual.
8. Reference:
[1] Arduino Project Hub, “Building an Ultrasonic Radar using Arduino and
Processing,” 2025.
[2] Arduino, “Servo Library for Arduino,” Arduino Documentation.
[3] Processing Foundation, “Serial Library Reference,” Processing
Documentation.
[4] P. Sahu et al., “Ultrasonic Radar: An Arduino Based Object Detection and
Distance Mapping System,” International Journal of Research & Technology,
2026.
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