THE CONCEPT OF MAN
(INSAN)
(Sociology & Psychology)
LEARNING OUTCOMES OF LECTURE
Explain major
understanding of human
origin and key conceptual
concepts that characterize
humanity.
Analyze the concept of
successful people through
Human constitution of
JERI.
Explain in more detail the
nature and nature of
human beings global in
relation to dualism and
separation of the mental
body and the spiritual
body.
HUMAN
ORIGIN
HUMAN NATURE
PROSPEROUS
NATURE
INTRODUCTION
History of philosophy,
especially of
philosophy Ancient
and Eastern Greek
Philosophy neither
does oriental
philosophy use
philosophical thought
to achieve happiness
and well-being in
life.
Philosophy is not
something separate
of life
Philosophy does not
only revolve around
metaphysical,
epistemological,
logical, ethical etc,
but also on aspects
of life in search of
happiness
MAN (INSAN)
HUMAN NATURE
(SIFAT INSAN)
ORIGIN
INSAN SEJAHTERA
The concept of man from a philosophical
perspective
The unexamined life is not worth living
(Socrates).
Understanding the concept of being human
can help us to strive for perfection into a
more meaningful life guided by the concept
of being human as the Philosopher thought.
The concept of man from
western philosophy
1. Greek philosophy, Aristotle says:
‘Man is a rational being; a man is rational animal’.
Human characteristics include thinking or intellect – rational.
Rational thought can distinguish between humans and animals.
Humans are a logocentrism (centered on a rational and intellectual mind
only).
2. The German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche says:
The concept of human being is not based on logocentrism but rooted in
human emotions and intuitiveness may not be rational.
‘Greek literature is interesting because it presents a different side of man. It
gives us pick a picture of the dark side of humanity ’ (Nietzsche).
Nietzsche and Counter Enlightenment challenge the concept of man as a
rational being and advocate that man as having to adopt scientific approach
of life.
3.Medieval western philosophy
The concept of man is strongly influenced by religious beliefs,
especially Christianity.
Explain the concept of man and humanity from a religious
view.
As a God creature, man should obey the law of god.
4. Modern western philosophy
The existentialism - Jean Paul Sarte says that the human
beings is born without a guide in their life.
The duty of man when he is in the world is to find meaning in
his alone.
The concept of man from
Islamic philosophy
1. The concept of man is based on the teachings of Islam;
Hablun min Allah (Relationship with Allah).
Hablun min Annas (Relationship with humans).
Hablun Min Al Alam (Relationship with environments).
2. Man is a servant of Allah;
As servants, we must obey Allah.
Cannot break the rules specified by the Master (Allah).
3. Man is a vicegerent of Allah;
Man is a representative of God.
The role of man is to fulfill the trust (Amanah) of Allah and assume
responsibilities as a fiduciary such as; protect the environment.
The concept of man from Indian civilization
1. The concept of man is based on Hindu
teachings
The man is considered as a creation that has
a soul (atman individual soul).
Atman joins the Brahman (the Divine).
2. The concept of rebirth
The reborn of humans depended on what he
was doing on earth - it's in his life right now.
If human beings do good things, then he will
receive a good reward and vice versa.
Achieve Moksha (Ultimate aim).
The concept of man from Chinese
civilization
1. Based on Buddhism
They think that the concept of divinity and
the concept of man is quite different
because it considers that the concept of self
or self is non-existent.
2. Based on this concept, life is misery and
suffering
The man needs to free himself from misery
and suffering.
How is it way to free from misery
Act according to reality.
Must not have any dependence or attachment
against the world, property, man, rank, wealth
because it does not last - everything is in a state
of impermanent stacks of flux.
Liberation here is liberation of every rebirth.
As long as man does not reach perfection, as long
as man does not attain nirvana.
As long as man does not reach nirvana, as long as
he will be reborn and lives the cycle of misery
again.
Achieve Nirvana (ultimate aim).
The concept of man from
Chinese civilization
3. Based on the concept of Confucianism
Not based on religion or revelation.
The idea is related to the ethical principles
that should be followed to achieve happiness
in human life.
Example:
children should respect their parents
rule the world with justice and equity
4. Based on the concept of Taoism
Tao is something that cannot be seen nor is it
equated with any type of existence that exist
and cannot be described what is clear.
Humans should be seen in context its
relationship with the environment (nature
mother).
Respecting nature will bring happiness in his life.
The concept of wu wei (non-action):
actions that are in line with natural nature.
act in accordance with the nature flow.
man should not put his own interests first or his
selfishness in doing something.
The concept man from the
perspective of National Education
Philosophy (Falsafah Pendidikan
Kebangsaan)
FPK is a balanced and prosperous of the
concept of man:
J (Jasmani/ Physical) – Healthy body
E (Emosi/ Emotion) - Man is being with
emotion and feeling
R (Rohani/ Spiritual) - Focuses on religious
practice
I (Intelek/ Intellectual) - Builds a mind more
creative and critical to acquire knowledge
REALITY AND HUMAN NATURE
Physical
Spiritual
Material
Rohani
MAN (INSAN)
POTENTIAL
BALANCED
MAN
POTENTIAL
JERI
-
UNDERSTANDING
PEOPLE’S
PROSPERITY DURING
THE HUMANITARIAN
CRISIS
Humanitarian crisis
Sejahtera human being (Insan
Sejahtera)
The Role of the concept of a prosperous
human being (Insan Sejahtera) in the face of
challenges in life
The human being has almost the same nature, but the external context is
different.
If you understand JERI, that is, a human being has a holistic and balanced
nature, then a human being can face any challenge.
Challenges that humans usually face from one aspect of JERI; whether the
challenge in the form of physical, emotional, spiritual, or intellect.
CONCLUSION
Human philosophy of various denominations
philosophy aims to achieve well-being and
happiness.
The appreciation of human philosophy
mentioned in under the acronym – JERI- can
allow human face various challenges in his
life.
Philosophy of SEJAHTERA itself has high
sense. Ex: Kedah sejahtera,Salam Sejahtera.
Korea adopts the concept of prosperity
(sejahtera) in his country with creating a
‘centre of sejahtera’.
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