How Does the Disruption of the "Default Self" Function as a Necessary Condition for
the Development of a Third Culture Identity?
Markus, H. R., Tsai, J. L., Uchida, Y., Yang, A. M., & Maitreyi, A. (2024). Cultural
defaults in the time of COVID: Lessons for the future. Psychological Science in the
Public Interest, 25(2), 41–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/15291006241277810
对于 default self 的定义：
Cultural defaults are commonsense, rational, taken-for-granted ways of thinking,
feeling, and acting. They are widely shared habits of thought, feeling, and action—
that are often important drivers of human behavior. They reflect the 'common sense'
of a given cultural context.
对于 default self 是如何形成的：
Models of agency are cultural in that they derive from a confluence of different
ecologies, histories, philosophies, and religions and are reflected in and reinforced at
the macro level by the common narratives that people and nations tell about
themselves; in the practices and policies of organizations and institutions... and, at a
more micro level, in the psychological tendencies of individuals.
对于为何要消除 default self：
Default self 无法被直接发现，无意识的东西无法被主动质疑”——一个从未离
开过自己文化的人，很难反思自己的文化假设，
对于 default self 无意识性的定义：
Individuals and organizations tend to be completely unaware of the psychological
defaults common to their own cultural contexts, or those of others, until they run into
different ones, or until an event disrupts everyday life.
有关 cognitive dissonance 的资料
Jacob, E. D. (2017). Cognitive dissonance. In B. S. Turner (Ed.), The WileyBlackwell encyclopedia of social theory.
Wiley.P1 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0054
Cognitive dissonance is a psychological condition that Leon Festinger
identified in 1957. It occurs when an agent holds a set of contradictory beliefs
on a given situation he or she encounters. Possession of conflicting beliefs
makes decisions made by the agent problematic, as an individual's actions are
based on maintaining a link between beliefs and acts. Cognitive dissonance
manifests itself when the link binding this connection is stretched or broken.
Adapting behavior to mitigate dissonance is, thus, the only recourse to
overcoming cognitive dissonance