Chapter Review Questions: Energy & Respiration Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following cell processes need energy in the form of ATP? 1. Active transportation of sodium ions across the cell membrane 2. Cell division 3. Protein synthesis A. 1 only B. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2 only D. 2 and 3 only 2. Which of the following cell processes need energy in the form of ATP? 1. Osmosis 2. Muscle contraction 3. Protein synthesis A. 2 only B. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1 and 3 only D. 2 and 3 only 3. The diagram shows the structure of an ATP molecule. What is the name of the part of the ATP molecule labelled A? A. Adenine B. Ribose C. Phosphate D. Triose 4. ATP is described as the universal energy currency. Which is NOT one of the properties of ATP that make it suitable for its role as the universal energy currency? A. It is water soluble so easily transported around the cell. B. It is present in all living organisms. C. It can be regenerated after being hydrolysed. D. Its hydrolysis causes release of very large amounts of energy. 5. In which stages of aerobic respiration ATP is produced by substrate-linked phosphorylation? A. Glycolysis and link reaction B. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle C. Link reaction and Krebs cycle D. Krebs cycle only 6. Where does glycolysis occur in a mammalian muscle cell? A. In the inner membrane of mitochondria B. In the intermembrane space of mitochondria C. In the matrix of mitochondria D. In the cytoplasm 7. The diagram shows an outline of glycolysis. Which molecules are labelled as T, U and W? A. T : ATP U : reduced NAD W : pyruvate B. T : reduced NAD U : ATP W : pyruvate C. T : ATP U : carbon dioxide W : reduced NAD D. T : reduced NAD U : carbon dioxide W : ATP 8. Some cellular events are listed. 1. ATP is produced 2. Coenzyme A is used 3. CO2 is released 4. NAD is reduced Which of these events occur in the link reaction of aerobic respiration? A. 2, 3 and 4 only B. 2 and 4 only C. 1, 2, 3 and 4 D. 1 and 3 only 9. Which is NOT produced in Krebs cycle reactions? A. Reduced NADP B. ATP C. Reduced FAD D. Carbon dioxide 10.What is produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle but not in the link reaction? A. Carbon dioxide B. Reduced NAD C. ATP D. Reduced FAD 11.The diagram shows part of the process of respiration in a mitochondrion. Which row correctly identifies the area X, molecule Y and protein Z? area X molecule Y protein Z A intermembrane space oxygen ATP synthase B intermembrane space carbon dioxide ATPase C matrix oxygen ATP synthase D matrix carbon dioxide ATPase 12.From which substrate is the first carbon dioxide molecule released during aerobic respiration? A. pyruvate B. acetyl coA C. glucose D. citrate 13.Which statement is NOT correct about the roles of molecules in aerobic respiration? A. Water is the source of electrons. B. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. C. NAD and FAD carry hydrogens and electrons. D. Coenzyme A transfers acetyl groups to Krebs cycle. 14.Aerobic respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? A. It is the source of energy B. It is the final electron acceptor. C. It is the source of electrons D. It carries electrons to the electron transport system. 15.The diagram shows a section through a mitochondrion. The four arrows, A, B, C and D show the movement of molecules and ions. Which arrow shows the movement of hydrogen ions (protons) through ATP synthase? 16.Which pair of molecules are the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells? Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration A carbon dioxide pyruvate B lactate ATP C pyruvate carbon dioxide D ATP lactate 17.The diagram shows three main pathways for cellular respiration to use pyruvate. Some key molecules are labelled as A, B, C and D. Which label is for ethanol? 18.The diagram shows three main pathways for cellular respiration to use pyruvate. Some key molecules are labelled as A, B, C and D. Which label is for lactate? 19.What is the balanced equation for lactic acid fermentation? A. 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O B. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C. C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 D. 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 20.The list shows some of the stages of glycolysis and respiration in anaerobic conditions in yeast. The stages are not listed in the correct order. 1. Ethanol is formed 2. Triose phosphate is formed 3. Ethanal is formed 4. Carbon dioxide is released 5. Pyruvate is formed 6. ATP is made by substrate-linked phosphorylation Which stage is the fourth when put in the correct order? A. 6 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5 21.The list shows some of the stages of glycolysis and respiration in anaerobic conditions in yeast. The stages are not listed in the correct order. 1. Carbon dioxide is released 2. Triose phosphate is formed 3. Ethanal is formed 4. Ethanol is formed 5. Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP 6. Pyruvate is formed 7. ATP is made by substrate-linked phosphorylation Which stage is the fifth when put in the correct order? A. 6 B. 1 C. 3 D. 7 22.A group of students carried out a practical activity to investigate the factors affecting the rate of respiration in yeast. The diagram shows part of their experimental setup. The table below shows their variables. What specific factor affecting the rate of respiration in yeast was being investigated by the students? A. Temperature B. Glucose concentration C. Concentration of methylene blue D. Amount of yeast suspension 23.The table shows energy densities for three respiratory substrates. Respiratory Substrate Energy Densities/Kj g-1 Carbohydrates 15.8 Lipids 39.4 Proteins 17.0 Why do lipids contain the largest energy density among the three substrates? A. Lipids have the greatest mass among the others. B. Lipids are the easiest to digest. C. Lipids contain the largest proportion of carbon-hydrogen bonds in their molecules. D. Lipids have the greatest proportion of oxygen in their molecules. 24.Rate of respiration of some non-invertebrates is investigated during 15 minutes using a respirometer as shown in the diagram. What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for these animals based on the results shown in the diagram? A. 1.5 B. 1 C. 0.8 D. 0.5 25.What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for aerobic respiration of C12H30O7? A. 1.2 B. 0.93 C. 0.8 D. 0.75 Essay 1. The diagram shows an outline of some stages of respiration. (a) Name molecules X, Y and Z. X …………………………………………………………………………………………… Y …………………………………………………………………………………………… Z …………………………………………………………………………………………… [3] (b) Name stages A, B and C. A …………………………………………………………………………………………… B …………………………………………………………………………………………… C …………………………………………………………………………………………… [3] (c) State where in an animal cell stage C occurs. ………………………………………………………………………………………...…[1] (d) Explain how reduced NAD and reduced FAD are used to generate ATP! ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................ [3] 2. During aerobic respiration, cells respire substrates such as glucose to produce ATP. Some events that occur during aerobic respiration are: ● The respiratory substrate breaks down into smaller and smaller molecules. These series of reactions are described as catabolism. ● Coenzymes take part in various reactions. In some reactions, coenzymes are reduced or oxidised. ● Carbon dioxide is released. (a) Aerobic respiration occurs in four successive stages: glycolysis (G), link reaction (LR), Krebs cycle (KC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OP). Complete Table 3.1 to show which events occur in each stage of aerobic respiration. Use a tick (✓) to show that the event does occur or a cross (✗) to show that the event does not occur. Table 3.1 [4] (b) A new hand-held technological device shows the main type of respiratory substrate being used in the cells of a person. The device consists of a carbon dioxide sensor and air‑flow meter. The person inhales through the device for a fixed time and then exhales into it. The device calculates the respiratory quotient (RQ) value to show whether the cells are mainly respiring carbohydrates or lipids. (i) Explain how the device calculates the RQ value and how this shows whether the cells are mainly respiring carbohydrates or lipids. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ..................................................................................................................... [4] (ii) State the difference in the relative energy values of carbohydrates and lipids as respiratory substrates, and explain the reasons for the difference. ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ..................................................................................................................... [3] 3. (a) Different types of respiratory substrate can have different energy values and therefore release different quantities of energy when they are respired. Complete Table 1.1 to show the energy value of each of the three main types of respiratory substrate. Use one tick (✓) to identify which of the two possible energy values is correct for each respiratory substrate. Table 1.1 [1] (b) Determining the respiratory quotient (RQ) of an organism can be used to indicate the main type of respiratory substrate that is being metabolised in respiration. This is because the different types of respiratory substrate have different RQ values. Table 1.2 shows typical RQ values for carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Table 1.2 (i) State the name of the laboratory apparatus that can be used to determine the RQ value of organisms such as blowfly larvae. ..................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) When determining RQ values using the laboratory apparatus stated in (b)(i), chemicals such as soda lime or potassium hydroxide solution are used. State the reason for using chemicals such as soda lime or potassium hydroxide solution when measuring RQ values. ..................................................................................................................... [1] (c) Organic acids such as malic acid can also act as respiratory substrates. When respired aerobically, their RQ values may be different to the RQ values of the main respiratory substrates. Fig. 1.1 shows the formula that is used to calculate RQ values. Fig. 1.1 When malic acid is respired aerobically, the equation is: C4H6O5 + .......... O2 → 4CO2 + 3H2O + energy (i) Calculate how many molecules of oxygen are taken in when one molecule of malic acid is respired aerobically. number of molecules of oxygen = ......................................................... [1] (ii) Calculate the RQ for malic acid. Give your answer to two decimal places. RQ = ......................................................... [1]
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