UNDERSTANDING
COGNITIVE ISSUES IN
CHILDREN
Common Types Of Cognitive Issues
Learning Disabilities (LDs)
• Dyslexia – reading difficulty
• Dyscalculia – math difficulty
• Dysgraphia – writing issues
Signs To
Watch Out For
• Delayed speech or language
development
• Difficulty following
instructions
• Struggling with tasks and
homeworks
• Poor memory and focus
Trouble understanding
or using language
Memory Issues
Difficulty remembering
instructions or
information
Attention Deficit
Disorders
Trouble focusing or
controlling impulses
(e.g., ADHD)
Executive Function Deficits
Problems with planning,
organizing, or completing tasks
Risk Factors
• Genetic or family history
• Premature birth or low birth
weight
• Exposure to toxins (e.g., lead)
• Brain injury or trauma
• Lack of early stimulation or
neglect
Effective Strategies to Support Children
:
Get a comprehensive assessment. Understand your child
and seek evaluations through a psychologist
Encourage activities where your child excels.
Collaborate regularly with teachers and school
support staff.
Use cognitive and behavioral strategies like checklists,
timers, chunking, repetition and rehearsal.
Role-play conversations, teach turn-taking, and
provide structured peer interactions.
CBT, occupational or speech therapy depending on
the specific need are available.
Teach emotional regulation using deep breathing
or identifying emotions with color charts.
Take care of yourself too. Join support groups or work
with a counselor if you feel overwhelmed.
Precautions & Tips for Caregivers and
Educators
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Avoid comparing children
Focus on the child's strengths, not limitations
Be consistent and encouraging
Stay informed about child development and learning disorders
Involve the child in fun, brain-stimulating activities
Avoid overwhelming or overstimulating activities
Be patient and allow extra time for tasks
Monitor for signs of frustration or distress