Aviation
-​ Increase in angle increases lift
○​ However after a certain angle, critical angle, the plane enters
stall where lift reduces
-​ Lift coefficient = lift generated / (½ * rho * v^2 * s)
-​ Increasing the curvature of the flap on the front of the plane allows the
maximum angle of the lift curve to increase which essentially enables
the lift angle to increase and still not stall
-​ If you cannot come out of a stall, everyone will die
-​ Stalling = a situation where the airflow is not able to maintain the wing
because the angle is too high
-​ Stall can be used positively IF there is post-stall maneuverability which
is incredibly difficult to achieve
-​ Albatross is the model animal for flight and aviation due to its large
wingspan and unique flying style made up of 4 stages.
-​ When a military plane is maneuvering vertically straight (zoom incline),
the lift is virtually zero. However this only works if the thrust to weight
ratio is nearly 1
-​ The reason that we don’t model the same flying pattern of an albatross
is because
1.​ The swerving would be extremely uncomfortable for the
passengers
2.​ Not all planes go over seas in the journeys
3.​ The wind patterns where the albatross fly may not be the same
over different seas or oceans and hence isn't very sustainable
-​ All UAVs that have jet engines will have their intake or engines in the
front because there is no pilot obstructing the way
-​ Advantages of not having a pilot:
1.​ Don't need to pressurise the cabin or aircraft
2.​ Removal of the ejection seat (deadweight- very heavy [70-80 kg]
3.​ Greater maneuver possibility (no human safety to consider)
4.​ No need for the recovery of the aircraft- can be used as a
weapon
5.​ No Environmental Control System required - largest reduction of
weight in the aircraft
-​ The ECS in an aircraft is the entire system which is
essential to maintain conditions for the pilot (human) to
sustain in the flight. Without it, a lot of weight is lost
however, so is the human life
-​ However, you cannot have airmanship in an unmanned vehicle:
- for example, when a missile has locked onto an aircraft, it is
impossible to out-maneuver it. However, it is possible to fool it with
class airmanship which is offered by humans. At present, we have no
way to do this other than with human genius; AI may make it possible
in the future
-​ A-10 warthog:
1.​ Close air support
2.​ Great firepower
3.​ 21 feet gun
4.​ Attack versatility
5.​ Extreme attack accuracy
6.​ Large storage capacity (ability to carry many different organs)
7.​ Two engines mounted behind - for reliability (incase one is lost)
-​ Placed at the rear tutelage which provides great
shieldability
-​ Two vertical tails outside the engines- engines shielded by
the tails which reduces its heat signature
8.​ Armor plating on the side of the aircraft to protect the pilot and
windshield (can take firing but not have extreme destruction)
-​ Fuselage- french word meaning body (contains all systems, pilot, some
fuel)
-​ Blackbox- what stores the data of the entire flight (altitude, etc) and
the last 40 minutes of cockpit conversation (by overwriting)
- mounted at the root of the vertical tail (junction between the fuselage
and the vertical tail). This area has been found to be the safest area of a
plane
- the colour of the blackbox is fluorescent orange for easy
identification
-​ There is usually less turbulence at the front of the plane because it is
closer to the plane's centre of gravity (the engines and more of the
weight of the plane is concentrated at the front), making it more stable.
And in accordance, the back of the plane is less stable- experiencing
more turbulence.
-​ Aircrafts use refined kerosene but with some additives as fuel
1.​ F-gas - aviation fuel
2.​ Jet fuel