Product Manual
EIE – Impact of Jet Apparatus
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PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
PAGE NO.:2
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PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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1
Aim of the Experiment:
To verify Momentum Equation with the help of Impact of Jet Apparatus
2
Introduction and Theory
Water turbines are widely used throughout the world to generate power. In the type of water turbine
referred to as a Pelton wheel, one or more water jets are directed tangentially on to vanes or buckets that
are fastened to the rim of the turbine disc. The impact of the water on the vanes generates a torque on
the wheel, causing it to rotate and to develop power.
To predict the output of a Pelton wheel, and to determine its optimum rotational speed, we need to
understand how the deflection of the jet generates a force on the buckets, and how the force is related
to the rate of momentum flow in the jet. In this experiment, we measure the force generated by a jet of
water striking a flat plate or a hemispherical cup, and compare the results with the computed momentum
flow rate in the jet.
For plate
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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For Slope
For Hemisphere
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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3
Apparatus Description
The experimental apparatus Consist of a chamber provided with Acrylic Sheets. A floating vane fixing rod
is provided over the chamber to which the vane is fixed. An initial balance weight is provided for balancing
the vane. Another sliding weight is provided to balance the vane fixing rod while the jet is striking the
vane. A nozzle is fixed below the vane through which a vertical jet issues. A control valve provided controls
the pressure at the jet and hence the flow rate and velocity of the jet.
Different vanes are provided. The vanes can be inter changeably fixed to the rod. By adjusting the sliding
weight, rod is balanced. When the jet is striking the vane. By taking the moment about the fulcrum, impact
force can be calculated
3.1
Various deflector vanes: -
1. Plate
2. Hemisphere
3.2
Different Nozzles Provided: -
1. 6 mm
2. 8 mm
4
Experiment Procedure
1)
Fix the vane to the fixing rod. Adjust the balancing weight so that vane fixing rod
is in horizontal position,
2)
Fill up sufficient water in the sump tank.
3)
Open the control valve fully and start the pump
4)
Put the sliding weight over the rod and adjust its distance such that the vane fixing
rod is balanced.
5)
Note down the discharge and distance of the sliding weight.
6)
Repeat the procedure by changing the control valve position
7)
Repeat the procedure for another vane
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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5
Observation table
5.1
Mass of Sliding weight
Sr. No.
Nozzle
Diameter
Type of
Vane
Time for 10
Lit.
Discharge t
(sec)
Weight
Added m
(kg)
Distance of
Sliding
weight L (m)
Calculation
Diameter of Jet: - d = 6 or 8 mm
Therefore, Cross sectional area of jet, a = 2.82 X 10−5 or 5.02 X 10−5 m²
2) Let the time required for 10 cm level rise in measuring tank be “t” sec
So Discharge, Q =
0.4 x 0.4 x 0.1
3) Velocity of Jet, V =
t
Q
a
m³/sec
m/sec
4) Force exerted by vane
(a) For flat vane (deflection of jet 90)
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
PAGE NO.:7
F theo =
waV²
g
kg
Where, w = Specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m3
g = Gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/sec2
(b) For hemispherical vane (deflection of jet is 180)
F theo =
2waV²
g
kg
5) Experimentally, taking moments about the fulcrum
Let Distance of vane from the fulcrum is l m (along the beam)
Fexp x l = m x L
Fexp = (m x L) / l
(in kg)
Where, m = Mass of sliding weight Kg
L = Distance of sliding weight from fulcrum, m
Sr. No.
Type of Vane
F th
F exp
Within the limits of experimental error Fth and Fexp are equal. Hence Momentum equation is proved
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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Warranty Certificate
Your EIE product is guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for one (1) year
under normal use from the date of purchase. This WARRANTY does not apply to any product damaged by
accident, misuse, mishandling, abuse, negligence, transit, improper line voltage, drop, fire, flood or if the
products were altered or repaired by anyone other than the qualified service personnel. The liability of
EIE Instruments is limited to repair or replacement and under no circumstances shall EIE be liable for any
collateral consequential damages or loss. This guarantee specifically excludes the expendables and
consumables.
All warranty claims must be directed to your corresponding purchase
organization that is responsible for the sale of this equipment. The users are responsible for shipping
expense. The warranty cards which are not signed and stamped by the actual user will be treated as void.
The warranty card should accompany the defective products sent for repair, without which no claims
would be entertained. Please detach the below warranty card from following cut-line.
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otherwise the warranty becomes invalid.
PRODUCT MANUAL: EIE – IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
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