NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
NSHS
LAB SOPs
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NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
White lab coat - compulsory
No eating or smoking in the lab
Keep the lab environment clean
Handle equipment, burners, and reagents (esp. acids) with care
Discard chemicals only at the designated areas (discarders; and
not in the sinks)
 In emergency, report to the lab incharge
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
PRACTICAL NOTEBOOKS
SOPs
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
 Personal data and pictures to be pasted
 The practical notebooks must be completed; get checked and
signed by the instructor within a week along with index
 End of the module - practical notebooks marked as completed
and signed by the Class Incharge
 Before the prof - practical notebooks marked as completed and
signed by the Head of Department, Biochemistry
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
INTRODUCTION TO
LABORTORY EQUIPMENT
(GLASSWARE AND
MISCELLANEOUS)
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
INTRODUCTION
 Laboratory glassware - Made of borosilicate glass – inert - less
thermal stress e.g. beakers, burettes, cylinders, droppers, glass rod
stirrers, glass thermometers, flasks, funnels, pipettes, and test tubes,
etc
 Miscellaneous lab equipment – e.g., burette stands, Bunsen
burner, test tube holders, test tube stands, eppendorf tubes, falcon
tubes, litmus papers, and spatulas, etc
Dept of Biochemistry
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Transparent; cylindrical; straight;
flat or rounded base; variable
sizes; volume (ml)
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Mixing, heating, boiling, storing chemicals on a small scale
Dept of Biochemistry
TEST TUBES / SAMPLE
HOLDING TUBES
NSHS
TONG LIKE
ARMS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
HANDLE
CURVED
GRIP
SURFACE
SLIDING
SPRING CLIP
TEST TUBE HOLDER
APPLICATIONS / USES
• To hold the test tubes securely
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Rack like structure with holes flat base – metal
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Test tubes – organize; upright
positioning; transportation; storage
Dept of Biochemistry
TEST TUBE
STAND
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Conical shape, flat bottom narrow
neck;
volume
graduations;
variable size
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Mixing, swirling of
titration experiments
liquids;
ERLENMEYER FLASK /
CONICAL FLASK
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Pear-shaped , long neck, flat
bottom, stopper, fixed volume
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Precise volume measurement
of liquids
VOLUMETRIC
FLASK
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Boiling flasks ; bulbous body;
neck; narrow opening; volume
markings
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Controlled and uniform heating /
boiling of solutions
FLORENCE FLASK /
FLAT BOTTOM FLASK
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Conical shape; top wide;
bottom stem; variable sizes
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Transferring liquids; Filtration
GLASS FUNNEL
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Cylindrical shape; small lip; flat
bottom; volume graduations
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Easy mixing of reagents;
• Solution preparation
GLASS BEAKERS
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Cylindrical rods; rounded or flat
ends; variable sizes
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Promote efficient mixing
GLASS ROD STIRRER
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Cylindrical; flat base; straight
sides; pouring lip; graduated
scale (ml); variable sizes
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Accurate
measurement
transferring of liquids
and
GLASS / GRADUATED
CYLINDERS
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Conical; wide opening; narrow
bottom; flat base; pouring lip;
volume markings (ml)
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Accurate
reagents
measuring,
mixing
CONICAL CYLINDERS
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Straight
tube
narrow
tip;
calibration
markings
(ml);
Rubber bulbs or pipette fillers
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Accurate
measuring
transferring reagents
and
Dept of Biochemistry
MOHR’S / GLASS
PIPETTE
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• plastic
(polypropylene,
polyethylene) or glass
• Rounded; rectangular
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Sample holding tubes - microlab
estimations
• Rectangular cuvettes - optical path of
1 cm - spectrophotometer
Dept of Biochemistry
SAMPLE
HOLDING
TUBE
FOR
MICROLAB
RECTANGULAR
CUVETTE
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Plastic (polypropylene); volume
capacity (1.0 ml, 1.5 ml, 2.0 ml);
snap caps
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Microcentrifuge tubes; sample storage,
centrifugation, DNA and RNA
extraction experiments; PCR
Dept of Biochemistry
EPPENDORF
TUBES
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Plastic (polypropylene); volume
graduations / capacity; screw caps
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Sample storage, centrifugation,
DNA and RNA extraction; gel
electrophoresis experiments, etc
Dept of Biochemistry
FALCON TUBES
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Burette; glass or plastic; volume (25 ml,
50 ml, 100 ml); graduated markings
(ml); Stopcock at the bottom
• Burette stands; wood or metal; flat
base; support rod; adjustable clamp
APPLICATIONS / USES
•
Titration experiments
BURETTE WITH
BURETTE STAND
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Bulb with mercury; stem with a narrow
capillary tube; marked with graduations
or a temperature scale; Celsius (°C) or
Fahrenheit (°F); variable sizes
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Body temperature; room temperature
• Accurate - Hazard of mercury toxicity
- digital thermometers are preferred
Dept of Biochemistry
MERCURY
THERMOMETER
Outer cone – cooler part
Vertical metal tube;
connected to base
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
Inner cone – hotter part
Controls the amount of
air entering the burner
through the air holes
Gas inlet - connects to
the gas source at the
lab bench via a rubber
hose
Controls the amount of
gas entering the burner
Flat base made of heavy
metal for stability
BUNSEN BURNER
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
APPLICATIONS / USES
Temperature
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
Applications
Luminous Flame / air hole is fully closed;
Safety Flame /
300 degrees
Yellow Flame /
(Easily visible)
Non-Luminous
Flame /
Blue Flame
(almost invisible)
air hole is partially open;
500 degrees
Roaring Blue
flame
air hole is fully open;
700 degrees
Dept of Biochemistry
• Heating;
sterilization
combustion;
• Non-luminous blue flame - best
flame for heating - produces a
lot of heat - no soot
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
• Blue and red;
rectangular strips
packaged;
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
small,
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Basic pH testing – universal indicator
• Blue litmus paper turns red in the presence
of an acid, typically in the pH range of 4.5
to 8.3
• Red litmus paper turns blue in the presence
of a base or alkaline substance, typically in
the pH range of 5.8 to 8.6
Dept of Biochemistry
BLUE AND RED
LITMUS PAPER
pH SCALE
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
IDENTIFICATION
POINTS
• Flat, straight, blade; wooden
handle
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Transfer small amounts
powders or crystals
SPATULA
of
Dept of Biochemistry
NSHS
IDENTIFICATION POINTS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
• Glass or plastic; rubber bulb at
the top; long slender body;
tapered tip
APPLICATIONS / USES
• Handling
reagents
small
quantities
of
Dept of Biochemistry
DROPPER
THANK
YOU
NSHS
NUST SCHOOL OF
HEALTH SCIENCES
Dept of Biochemistry