SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
BY:
Dr Olasinde Abdulazeez Ayodeji
Department of Community Medicine, ABUTH
INTRODUCTION
• Definition of waste;
Is an unwanted materials from diverse environment.
Is anything thrown away or rejected as worthless or useless
trash or rubbish.
Is anything that is no longer useful and needs to be got rid of.
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INTRODUCTION (Contd.)
• Types of wastes;
Solid waste (refuse and garbage); such as leaves, bottles, Cans, maize
husk, ash etc.
Liquid waste (sullage and sewage); comprises of human excreta,
urine, and waste water from the kitchen, toilet and bathroom.
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OBJECTIVES OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT/DISPOSAL
1. to eliminate hazard to man
2. to prevent pollution of the environment
3. to salvage materials of economic value
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STAGES OF PROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Storage
2. Collection
3. Transportation
4. Disposal
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STAGES OF PROPER SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT (contd.)
• Storage of waste materials; waste can be
stored in different kinds of containers
depending on the volume or type of waste
generated e.g;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
House – dustbin
Street – public bin
Industries – big bin
Market – market bin
Park – Use-me-bin
Hospital – specific bins (indicated)
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STAGES OF PROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (contd.)
• Collection of waste;
1. House to House collection from bins
2. Use of vehicles and closed Vans
3. Bulk bins e.g Dinosaur, Mammoth etc
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STAGES OF PROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (contd.)
• Transportation of waste;
1. Individuals
2. Use of trucks (open & closed)
3. Compression-type vehicles
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
• Methods of waste disposal;
1. Dumping
2. Burning
3. Burial
4. Incineration
5. Manure pits
6. Composting
7. Controlled Tipping/Sanitary Landfill
8. River or Sea disposal or berging
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Dumping (open dumping)
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (contd.)
• Incineration;
Involves burning of solid wastes at high temperature to convert
them into heat, gas, steam or ash.
refuse is sorted out and combustible matters are dried up and
burnt in a large incinerator maintained at temperature of 9001200ºC.
Disadvantage; air pollution
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (contd.)
• Composting;
Involves natural biological degradation of organic wastes
(wastes of animal and plant origin)
A mixture of compostable refuse and nitrogen rich
decomposable waste (e.g night soil) is heaped for several
months with periodic turning, the end product which is
manure is used in gardening or farming.
Disadvantage; it could constitute odour and flies nuisance
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (contd.)
• Controlled Tipping/Sanitary Landfill;
 Refuse is piled up in 2m layers and covered daily with 2-2.5cm layer
of soil or sand (after being compressed by a heavy machinery).
Types includes Trench, Ramp & Area methods.
 It is useful in reclamation of gullies, excavations, natural valleys and
depressions, disused and abandoned quarries, burrow pits, etc
 Advantage; it does not require high technology to operate
 Disadvantage; use of large land area
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (contd.)
• River or Sea Berging;
Refuse is dumped directly into the waters of river or sea at a
distance to prevent refuse being carried back to the shore by
tides. It is popular for coastal areas.
Toxic/Radioactive waste are sealed in water-tight container and
buried in deep sea.
It is convenient and inexpensive
Disadvantages; water pollution, loss of aesthetic beauty of seas
and shores
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METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (contd.)
• Recovering and Recycling;
Involves converting waste products into new products.
Waste materials such as empty containers, plastics, metals and
other recyclable materials are recovered and recycled
Advantages include reduction of waste volume thereby saving
space, reduction of environmental pollution, preservation of
natural resources for future use.
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HEALTH HAZARDS OF SOLID WASTES
• Solid waste if not properly disposed will lead to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Attraction of insects and rodents that can spread diseases
Spread of infectious diseases
Odour and fly nuisance
Loss of aesthetic value of the environment
It produces offensive smell/odour
Blockage of drains and subsequently leading to flooding
Air and water pollution
Fire outbreak
It may cause accident through cuts or punctured wounds from sharp 17
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH POOR REFUSE DISPOSAL
• Fly transmitted infections like Myiasis, Diarrhoea, Cholera,
Typhoid fever
• Rodent transmitted diseases such as Lassa fever, Plague,
Leptospirosis, Murine typhus
• Mosquito borne diseases like Malaria, Yellow fever, Filariasis,
Dengue fever
• Others include injuries, accidents, diseases associated with fire
outbreak, air and water pollution
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CHALLENGES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN NIGERIA
1. Absence of clear delegation of responsibilities
2. Lack of comprehensive legal framework, and poor
enforcement of existing environmental laws and regulations
3. Lack of administrative capacity at the local and state levels
4. Lack of technical expertise for effective implementation of
waste management
5. Poor funding and inadequate facilities and equipment for
refuse collection, transportation and disposal
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CHALLENGES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN NIGERIA (contd.)
6. Lack of political will
7. Lack of data on waste management strategies for proper
planning and monitoring
8. Poor awareness and understanding of good waste
management by the public, and poor awareness by the public
of how significantly waste impact their health
9. Lack of cooperation between different authorities responsible
for waste management.
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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