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Danes Scrap Book Tax to Boost
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IN BRIEF IN BRIEF IN BRIEF IN BRIEF
by Paul Martin from
www.go-native.pl
DANES SCRAP
BOOK TAX2 TO
BOOST READING
1
)Ǫǭ ǴǠǜǭǮ 'ǠǩǨǜǭǦ held the unenviable3 title of one of the world’s most
expensive places to buy a book. A standard 25 percent value-added tax (VAT)
was applied to4 to every paperback5 and
hardback6 sold – the same rate7 as on luxury goods, electronics or dining out8. For
a country that prides itself on education,
innovation and cultural life, the book tax
seemed an odd9 contradiction10. Now, in
a landmark11 policy shift, Denmark has
scrapped the levy12, aiming to make reading more DᎱRUGDEOH13 and accessible14.
Books occupy a special place in most societies15, and many governments16 treat
them differently from other consumer
goods17. Across Europe, the general pattern18 is reduced or zero VAT. The United
Kingdom famously charges zero VAT on
printed books, a long-standing19 recognition20 that literature and learning should
be exempt from 21 everyday taxation.
Ireland follows the same model, while
France, Germany and Spain all apply reduced rates between four and seven percent. Step outside Europe, and the trend
is similar. Canada, Australia and India apply no sales tax on books, while several
African nations exempt them entirely22.
The reasoning23 is simple: reading is considered24 a public good25, with EHQHᎲWV26
that stretch far beyond the individual purchase. Taxing books heavily risks narrowing27 access and discouraging28 the very
habits29 that support knowledge30, literacy31 and creativity.
That is what common wisdom32 would
suggest, but is there any evidence33 of
a direct correlation34 between book price
and literacy?
through reduced tax, DᎱRUGDEOH36 editions
or public libraries37 – tend to have higher
rates38 of voluntary39 reading, especially
among children and young adults40. When
the barrier of cost is lowered, people buy
more, read more and develop41 habits that
carry on into later life.
21
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By scrapping the tax, the Danish government hopes to nudge42 citizens43 towards buying more books, rather than
relying solely44 on libraries or digital substitutes45. Publishers46, too, stand to gain47
as cheaper books should translate into48
higher volumes49 sold, revitalising50 a sector that has struggled with51 shrinking52
margins53 and the dominance of global
online platforms.
Books are not just cultural artefacts but
also part of the knowledge economy55.
A literate population consumes more
media, pursues further education and is
better equipped for knowledge-driven
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Studies have shown that households35
with cheaper access to books – whether
4
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BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
industries56. The return on investment57
from encouraging58 reading can be meas-
fostered59 a culture of reading that underpins60 high educational performance61.
ured in everything from productivity to
innovation.
Contrast that with countries where books
are relatively expensive (for example,
with 15 percent VAT in South Africa)
and reading is more often FRQᎲQHG62 to
the middle classes63.
Consider Finland, often cited as one of
the world’s most literate societies. Its
combination of strong schools, free access to libraries and low book prices has
landmark
ʊO¨QGPȓʒN
SU]HĄRPRZ\
Denmark is betting that64 lower book
prices will feed into65 its already high literacy rates, pushing them further, and
ensuring66 that reading remains a widespread67 habit in the digital era.
Ultimately68, the decision to scrap book
VAT is about more than economics. It
signals a cultural commitment69. In an age
where attention70 is fragmented across
social media, streaming and gaming,
governments face the challenge of keeping reading relevant71. Parents may also
worry that their children, bombarded by
multimedia stimuli72, have shorter attention spans73DQGPD\ࣟQGWUDGLWLRQDOERRN
reading unappealing74 and dull75. Making
books affordable can enable76 families
to stock77 their homes, foster an early love of reading and invest in children’s and society’s future – and they
all lived happily ever after78.
56
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5
IN BRIEF IN BRIEF IN BRIEF IN BRIEF
by Janet Sandford
LANGUAGE
LEARNING IS
JUST A GAME
20
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1Ǫǯ ǮǪ ǧǪǩǢ ago, learning a new
language meant sitting in a classroom,
chanting1 vocabulary2 lists and ᎲOOLQJLQ3
endless grammar tables. Rote4 memorisation5 and parrot-fashion6 repetition7
were the order of the day8. For some, it
worked. For many others, it was a recipe9 for boredom10 and frustration, with
little incentive11 to keep going once lessons ended.
Fast-forward12 to today, and the experi-
ence is being transformed. The rise of
JDPLᎲHG13 language learning apps14 has
recast15 study as something closer to
play than punishment16. Platforms such
as Duolingo, Babbel, Memrise, and newer entrants17 like LingQ or Busuu use elements borrowed18 from mobile gaming to
keep learners coming back day after day.
The premise19 is simple: treat practice like
a game, offer rewards20 for progress, and
learning becomes a habit21 rather than a
chore22.
The big breakthrough23 lies not in new
teaching theories, but in psychology.
*DPLࣟFDWLRQleverages24 the brain’s natural craving25 for small rewards and visible26 progress. Completing a lesson might
earn a user a VWUHDNᎳDPH27, a handful of28
virtual coins, or even unlock29 the next
level. These instant reinforcements30 deliver the same dopamine rush31 that keeps
people hooked on32 video games.
Take Duolingo, the best-known of the
bunch33. Its famous green owl34 tracks
your daily streak and sends encouraging35
reminders36 if you skip37 a day. Exercises
are short, interactive, and accompanied
by cheerful38 sound effects when you get
an answer right. Memrise, meanwhile,
leans39 heavily on visual memory40 aids41,
often using videos of native speakers,
while rewarding consistent42 practice
6
with badges43 and leaderboards44. Babbel,
though slightly more formal, builds gamLࣟHGHOHPHQWVLQWRLWVVWUXFWXUHGOHVVRQV
using review45 cycles and points systems
to keep motivation high.
This playful46 approach has opened the
door to people who would never have
considered themselves language learners. Where once only students or professionals seeking career advancement
enrolled in47 language classes, now retirees48, hobbyists and casual49 learners log
in daily. The accessibility50 of free or lowcost apps means that the barrier to entry51
is lower than ever. For many, the appeal
lies not in reaching perfect ᎳXHQF\52, but
in enjoying the journey – ordering a meal
abroad with FRQᎲGHQFH53, chatting54 with
relatives55 or simply exercising the brain.
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Crucially56, gamification also addresses57 the biggest obstacle58 to language
learning: consistency. Traditional classes
might meet twice a week, leaving long
gaps59 in between. Gamified apps encourage micro-learning – ten minutes a
day, every day – which builds habits and
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helps knowledge60 stick61 through paced62 reinforcement intervals. The apps will also remember learners’ challenges and keep coming back to retest until fully mastered. Over
time, these short bursts63 add up to impressive progress, often more than occasional
long study sessions.
While some educators worry that gamification risks oversimplifying64 language
study, many now acknowledge65 its power
as a gateway66. Apps often provide a starting point, sparking67 interest that later leads
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as entertainment75.
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old-school80 (human) teacher. The key point
is that by lowering the barrier and making
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have opened language learning to millions
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POBIERZ CZYTNIK KODÓW:
COLORFULMEDIA.PL/CZYTNIK
MOMENTS IN HISTORY
by Paul Martin from
www.go-native.pl
3.4 mln properties across more than 220
countries and territories, supporting users
in 40 languages. That year, parent company15 Booking Holdings reported USD
23.7 bln in revenue16, with USD 165.6 bln
in gross17 travel bookings, 1.1 bln room
nights, 80 million car rental days, and
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Much of this success is credited to
Booking.com’s aggressive searchengine marketing and its knack for18 turning browsers into buyers. Features like
“X people are viewing this property” and
“Only 1 room left!” have become standard industry tactics. The company has
also kept pace with the rise of short-term
rentals19 from rivals like Airbnb, reporting
Y MOMENTS IN HISTORY
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– DOMINATING
DIGITAL TRAVEL
)ǠDz ǠdzǫǠǭǤǠǩǞǠǮ ǡǠǠǧ more familiar, or more modern, than using
Booking.com. But behind the brand lies
a story that began in the 1990s. Paul
Martin charts the platform’s unlikely
rise from Dutch student project to global powerhouse, and examines the growing backlash1 that may reshape its future.
Bookings Online (also known as
Bookings.org), founded by Sicco and
Alec Behrens, Marijn Muyser, and Bas
Lemmens. The new entity adopted the
name and URL Booking.com, with Stef
Noorden appointed as8 CEO9.
As competition heated up10 in the online travel space, UK-based Active Hotels
was also making waves11 with its lean
model and focus on independent properties. Both Booking.com and Active
Hotels caught the attention of Priceline
Group, which acquired12 Active Hotels in
2004 for USD161 mln and Booking.com
in 2005 for USD133 mln. The two were
integrated in 2006 under the Booking.
com brand.
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In 1996, Dutch student Geert-Jan
Bruinsma was browsing2 the Hilton Hotel
website when he realised3 he couldn’t reserve a hotel room in Amsterdam online.
Inspired, he built Bookings.nl, allowed
hotels to4 set their own prices, and took
a modest 5 percent commission5. To promote his site, he persuaded rival travel
websites to link to his platform in exchange for6 shared commissions.
In 2000, Bookings.nl merged with 7
8
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The deal proved transformational. Once
a second-tier player133ULFHOLQH࣠LSSHG
a USD 19 mln loss in 2002 into a USD
EOQSURࣟWE\ODUJHO\WKDQNVWR
Booking.com’s explosive growth. The
site became a global MXJJHUQDXW14, changing how the world booked travel. It rePDLQVRQHRIWKHPRVWSURࣟWDEOHDFTXLVL
tions in internet history.
As of 2024, Booking.com listed around
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BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
5.8 mln home listings in 2019 and generating USD 2.8 bln in revenue from so-called
alternative accommodations20 the previous
year.
a “minnow” next to Google and Meta, but
FRQࣟUPHG%RRNLQJFRPZRXOGcomply37.
juggernaut
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Despite38 the heat, Booking.com is doubling
down on39 tech. In 2023, it launched40 AI
But success has brought scrutiny21. In 2019,
Booking.com came under pressure from
EU consumer watchdogs22 for using misleading23 sales tactics. It was accused of24 exaggerating25 room scarcity26, promoting false
time-limited deals, and failing to27 clearly label sponsored listings. The company agreed
to improve transparency, clarify price comparisons and stop using manipulative urgency cues.
Public trust took a further hit during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Despite holding billions in reserves, Booking.com applied for28
Dutch wage subsidies29 meant for struggling
businesses. The move sparked outrage, especially after reports of large executive bonuses. Facing backlash, the company withdrew its claim, ODLGRᎱ30 around 25 percent
of staff, and later repaid EUR 110 mln in
aid, including EUR 78 mln to the Dutch
government.
More legal issues followed. In Italy, tax authorities accused Booking.com of avoiding VAT on private rentals. The company
settled in 2023, paying EUR 94 mln and
agreeing to collect VAT on behalf of hosts
going forward.
Security concerns also emerged. Fraudsters31
began exploiting Booking.com’s messaging system to impersonate hotels and scam
guests into making direct payments. CEO
Glenn Fogel issued32 a public apology.
Meanwhile, hosts complained about33 delayed payouts34, and human rights groups
criticised the listing of properties in Israeli
settlements. The platform eventually added
warning labels to these listings.
In 2024, the European Commission designated Booking.com a “gatekeeper” under
the Digital Markets Act – a status applied
WRSODWIRUPVZLWKVLJQLࣟFDQWPDUNHWSRZer. This requires35 more transparency, fairer
access for business users and stricter regulatory oversight36. Fogel called for “smart
regulation” and described the company as
Trip Planner, a generative AI tool powered
by ChatGPT. The feature offers smart, conversational suggestions, from broad travel
ideas to bookable41 hotel plans, all in one
seamless thread42.
Fogel pitched it as43 a way to “make travel easier”; CTO Rob Francis talked up its
power to44 create scalable, one-to-one conversations. It’s rolling out gradually45, but
signals Booking’s next big bet46: using AI
to personalise the travel planning process
and keep users hooked47.
From side project to sector giant, Booking.
com has changed how the world books its
beds. But with regulators circling and rivals
growing, the company must balance innovation with accountability48.
34
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ly the largest private energy company in
the Baltic-Finnish region. Approximately
900 people are employed by Eesti Gaas,
and in 2023, the company’s turnover5 2023
reached the equivalent6 of approx. USD
1.078 bln. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary7
of the Aktsiaselts Infortar investment company, Estonia’s biggest investment holding
company. Both Eesti Gaas and Infortar are
based in Tallinn, the Estonian capital8, and
Infortar is also listed9 on the Nasdaq Tallinn
Stock Exchange Baltic Main List.
(VWRQLDQ*DVDQGGreen
Electricity10
Eesti Gaas provides11 its customers with
natural gas sourced12 from Western countries, as well as self-produced bio-methane.
It is also responsible for running the largest
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10 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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komunalne
Fact File
The Estonian language is a FinnoUgric 1 language, which is why
many ethnic Estonians consider 2 themselves and their country
as being Nordic rather than Baltic.
Indeed, Tallinn is just 82 km from
the Finnish capital Helsinki and 175
km away from the Estonian-Latvian
border. Moreover, Tallsinki is a colloquial term3 for the Helsinki-Tallinn
Euroregion, and the Estonian capital
lies at a slightly more northerly latitude4 than Stockholm.
1
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Inside Germany, EWE AG serves customers in three areas: northwest Germany, the
state of Brandenburg in eastern Germany
as well as on the island of Rügen in the
northeast German state of MecklenburgWest Pomerania. Furthermore, the company is one of the pioneers of environmental protection19 and digital participation in
WKHࣟHOGRIHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGLVDkey
player20 in hydrogen21 infrastructure. Over
the next few years, it proposes22 to invest
in expanding electricity grids23, build more
ᎲEUHRSWLF24 infrastructure and erect25 new
wind turbines.
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On 1 November, Eesti Gaas announced26 that it had signed an agreement
with EWE AG, whereby27 it acquired a 100
percent share28 in EWE’s business operations in Poland. This was a really big deal,
which was worth the equivalent of approx.
USD 127 mln. Effectively, Elenger have
taken control of western Poland’s natural
gas distribution network, plus all business
lines29 of energy sales in the area.
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Indeed, EWE AG’s Polish subsidiary,
EWE Polska, is Poland’s second-biggest
SU]HGVLÛELRUVWZRNRPXQDOQH
gas distribution networks13 in Estonia and
Latvia with combined length of 7,000 km.
Additionally, this gas company – which
deals with both LNG (OLTXHᎲHG QDWXUDO
gas14) and CNG (compressed natural gas15)
– also sells green electricity. Indeed, as
long ago as 2019, the company opened
Estonia’s largest complex of solar power
stations16 in Pärnu County in the south of
the country, which it built in cooperation
with Pärnu-based waste management17
company Paikre OÜ.
19
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Equally, EWE AG is among the biggest
municipal enterprises18 in Germany. It is
based in the city of Oldenburg in the northwestern German state of Lower Saxony.
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12 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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INTERNATIONAL
privately-owned network operator with
a 2,316 km natural gas distribution serving over 25,000 customers in the west of
Poland, predominantly30LQWKH3R]QDĆDUHD
Moreover, apart from infrastructure management31, EWE Polska also sells electricity as
well as natural gas. During 2023, the company sold 1.2 TWh (terawatt-hours) of energy.
)URP*HUPDQ\WRWKHArctic
Circle32
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areas including the expansion of renewable
energies50 and the development51 of a hydrogen economy; on the other hand, it is focusing on its core regions52, where it bears particular responsibility53 for the success of the
transition54 from grey to green energy. In his
view, the acquisition of EWE Polska would
provide Eesti Gaas with potentially lucrative55
new growth opportunities on the energy market in Poland.
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Understandably33, the Managing Director34
of Eesti Gaas, Margus Kaasik, is excited
about entering the Central European gas
market. According to ERR News, Estonian
Public Broadcasting’s English-language
news service35, Mr. Kaasik announced that,
in October 2024, Eesti Gaas had begun storing36JDVLQ3RODQGDQG*HUPDQ\IRUWKHࣟUVW
time, making the company active in a sizeable37 area extending all the way from the
Arctic Circle to Germany.
A 0DMRU6WHS38
The transaction has also been hailed39 as
a great success by Mr. Ain Hanschmidt, the
Chairman40 of Infortar’s Management Board41.
He has announced the country’s ambition is
to expand beyond the Baltic-Finnish region
into Central and Western Europe. In view of
the sheer42 size and rapid growth of the gas
market, Mr. Hanschmidt sees the acquisition
of EWE Polska as a major step in this direction, which will enable43 Eesti Gaas to deliver
the best possible service to Central European
consumers by bringing its expertise44 and experience45 as a gas supplier and network operator to Poland.
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Having sold its Polish operations to Eesti
Gaas, Mr. Stefan Dohler, Chairman of the
EWE AG Board of Management announced
that his company had set itself the REMHFWLYH46
of substantially47 increasing its investments
in a climate-neutral and more digitalised48
energy future. On one hand49, his company
46
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There is no doubt whatsoever56 as to the
significance57 of the acquisition of EWE
Polska by Eesti Gaas for European energy
generation and consumption. With its vast58
experience in producing and selling both gas
and electricity, much of which is produced
using environmentally friendly technology,
the Estonian energy giant is securing59 its
promising future60 as an international energy provider61, with a much larger and more
extensive62 customer base. Indeed, now that
it has expanded its operations into Poland
and Germany, there may even be scope63 for
Eesti Gaas to move even further westwards
in the future.
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n a remote corner7 of Appalachia,
which is one of the poorest regions of
the US, where about 30 percent of citizens are illiterate8 and many people
suffer from unemployment9, a new factory is opening. The Kentucky operation will
produce shoes made entirely10 in America.
$WᎲUVWJODQFH11, it appears this move echoes12 the economic vision advanced13 by
many populist politicians – including the
recently-elected14 US president – which
proposes a manufacturing15 renaissance
consisting of: oodles16 of well-paying industrial jobs, products that are produced
domestically17 in a factory owned by locals,
and, consequently, pride in home-grown18
enterprise19 and ingenuity20. And ‘Voila!’,
everyone’s happy again – right? However,
beneath the surface21, this story is more
complicated. What does manufacturing in
the West really look like in 2025?
To understand some of these complicaWLRQVLWߥVDJRRGLGHDWRH[DPLQHEULH࣠\
the history of manufacturing over the past
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14 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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INTERNATIONAL
several decades. After the Second World
War, factories in both the US and UK (as
well as24 in many parts of Canada) cranked
out25 appliances26, automobiles, shoes and
other clothing items27. This employed millions and helped to build a prosperous
middle class28. However, as globalisation
ramped up29 in the late 20th century, many
industries ᎳHG30 these wealthy31 nations,
ࣟQGLQJ looser regulations32 and cheaper
labour in Asian, and in some cases, Latin
American nations. This seismic33 transition34 hollowed out35 industrial regions over
a long, painful period, which lasted from
the early 1970s to the late 1990s. The process was so traumatic that many economic and political tensions36 that exist today
are rooted37 in this loss. To illustrate by
number, in 2023 the US imported over
USD 40bln worth of appliances, whereas 25 years earlier, in 1998, it imported
roughly USD 8bln. In 2023 the UK had a
24
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GBP 21bln WUDGHGHᎲFLW38 in the automobile
industry. Canada, meanwhile, imports over
90 percent of its footwear39, mainly from
Vietnam, China and Indonesia, and most
of its other apparel40 as well.
$GYDQWDJHVRI2ᎱVKRULQJ41
The most VLJQLᎲFDQW42 factor43 that encourages44 businesses in so-called45 wealthy
nations to offshore is, of course, cost savings of labour. Products in Asia can be produced inexpensively46. “The labour rates47
here (in the US) are very expensive”, the
FKLHIRSHUDWLQJRᎴFHU48 of a Kentucky shoe
manufacturer, Harry Pumel, mentioned49
in a media interview. “Compared to factories in Asia, American VWDᎴQJFRVWV50 run
roughly51 10 to 12 times higher.”
Although not as dramatically, these
cost savings52, it appears, would apply to
the auto sector as well as the apparel one.
The average Chinese automobile manufacturing plant53 worker earns between
USD 900 and 1,000 monthly, according to
Statistica; the average American autoworker makes between USD 5,200 and 5,500
(per month), according to the US Bureau
of Labour Statistics. (According to various
sources, Mexican autoworker wages54 were
on par with55 those in China.)
What’s more, many apparel products,
such as shoes, are crafted by hand56, which
is labour intensive57 and better suited58,
some say, to the Asian manufacturing culture. Plus, manufacturing hubs59 there offer ready links60 to important global supply
chains61. In the auto industry, auto parts62
producers in China and neighbouring63 jurisdictions such as Japan, South Korea and
Taiwan complement each other64, with car
parts going back and forth65 across borders66
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same complex interaction exists between
Mexico, Canada and the US.
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Due to68 the successful cohesion69 of
these Asian hubs, sourcing70 DᎱRUGDEOH71
parts and materials solely72 in one coun-
try (such as only, say, in the UK) is a
struggle73. Pepper Harward, CEO74 of Oka
Brands, one of the rare75 companies still
producing shoes in the US, is aware of76
this challenge. “It’s not a self-sustained77
ecosystem. You kind of have to build your
own”, Mr. Harward said in an interview
with the BBC. Because vendors78 and suppliers79 often come and go, building this
HFRV\VWHPLVYHU\GLIࣟFXOW
An unclear issue80 is the number of jobs
that reshoring advocates promise will be
created in North American, or in European
countries. Goods are made differently today – instead of81 being a labour-intensive82
engine of robustness83 as it was in the
1970s, for the most part it’s more of a hightech84 and capital-heavy85 undertaking86 in
2025. The shoe factory in Kentucky referred to87 above, relying on automation88,
has 24 employees on site89, just a fraction90
of the workforce91 that would be required
in China. “[Thus], with tons of automation,
we are making products here in the USA
very economically and very HᎴFLHQWO\92”,
said Mr Pumel.
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16 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
GRF]HJRĝ
INTERNATIONAL
On the other hand93, some experts point
out94 that the supply chain interruptions95
caused by the pandemic spurred96 a greater
interest in reshoring. And the high WDULᎱV97
that the US suddenly imposed on98 its trading partners99, as well those implemented100
by countries that trade with the US (in retaliation101 for US president Trump’s illegal
actions102), could bring about more interest
in local manufacturing, they say.
,I3DVWAttempts103 at
5HVKRULQJ$UH$Q\
Indication104
+RZHYHULWVHHPVGLIࣟFXOWWRfathom
that tariffs alone will motor106 a complete
return to domestic production in North
American and European countries – at
least not in the short run107. Turnaround
times108 for factory construction of automobile plants109, for example, are two to
three years at least. In the apparel industry, optimism for a full return to reshoring is equally muted110. “It would probably take 10 years of pretty high tariffs
to give people incentives 111 to do it”,
Harward opined. Within the past decade,
major companies such as Nike, Adidas
and others tried to reshore on a large scale
105
with new manufacturing technologies, but
those HᎱRUWV112 largely failed113. High laERXUFRVWVWKHGLIࣟFXOW\URERWVIDFHLQSHUforming intricate114 tasks such as stitching115
and gluing116, and the superiority117 of Asian
production facilities118 in speed and scalability119 were likely the biggest culprits120 contributing to121 this failure122.
The return to a ‘ golden age 123’ of
American or UK production would, seemingly, require ample124 innovation, much
investment and endless patience125 – both
on the part of manufacturers and consumHUV6FDOLQJSURGXFWLRQHIࣟFLHQWO\HQRXJK
so that affordable products can be made
for consumers who are used to acquiring126 things inexpensively, especially with
the protectionist policies127 that are now
in place, it appears, is not likely to be an
easy task. Can we imagine, for example,
the average American or Brit dishing out128
several hundred pounds for a pair of simple trainers129? Perhaps rather than seeking a return to past ‘glory days130’, it would
be more realistic for the powers that be131
to develop economic policies which support reshoring only in niche132 and specialised industries, for instance, those which
emphasise133 tradition, quality craftsmanship134, or ecological innovation. These enterprises tend to135 serve consumers who
are more willing136 to pay premium prices137
for products. Simply put138, because it has
evolved to maximise the SURᎲWV139 of the
most powerful entrepreneurs140 and companies, the last few decades of globalisation cannot simply be reversed141.
93
102
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$1HZ/LIHVW\OH
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([DFWO\"
ccording to8 estimates9, between
10 and 15 percent of North
American households10 now report at least11 one member12 who
plays pickleball. Data13 from Pickleball
America suggests over 20 million people
stateside14 are picking up a racket at least
once a month. And the sport is not just for
the elderly15, as was perhaps thought early
on its heyday16. It is growing among the 19
– to 35-year-old age cohort17, and especially among women. And it may be coming
to a mall near you.
The game can be succinctly18 described
as a mini version of tennis that encompasses19 elements of other racquet sports
– the court is the same size as one used
for badminton; there is the one-bounce
rule20 of tennis, as well as the opportunity to play doubles21; and the racquet, being
opaque22 and solid23, resembles24 a table
tennis one, although it’s slightly larger and
square-shaped. Arising out of25 the Covid
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18 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
Z\QLNDMÇF\]bF]HJRĝ
INTERNATIONAL
ping-pong paddle
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rakietka do
ping-ponga
ctx
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business-english.com.pl
POBIERZ CZYTNIK KODÓW:
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business-english.com.pl
࢘
19
INTERNATIONAL
pandemic, the social26 aspect of the game
is, for many, an effective antidote to the
lingering27 loneliness28 felt by some. “I can
get out of the house, get some exercise29,
and the people are nice – sometimes really nice”, 91-year-old Christina Leeder
told BEM at a pop-up30 pickleball walk-in31
court located inside a former32 department
store33 in Toronto. “You know every time
I just hit a shot over the net34, I feel good
about myself,” she added after deftly35
whacking36 a solid forehand at her startled37
opponent38. Because it doesn’t involve39 as
much running and pivoting40 as tennis (because of the small court and less bouncy
ball), it’s been, thus far, especially attractive to older adults. However, in some locales41 it’s becoming more of a mainstream
activity, which, perhaps, has fuelled42 some
growth problems for the ᎳHGJOLQJ43 game.
Wrinkles
44
Although it’s a great way to socialise,
getting court space45 can be a challenge. “I
sometimes have to book46 two weeks ahead
of time47”, David Macdonald told BEM
between breaths while taking a break48 at
a city-run49 pickleball game in Toronto.
This is because the balance between supply and demand50 has become out of kilter51. Builders of new courts look for space
in parks, tennis courts, or abandoned52 department stores in old shopping malls. This
can provoke tension53. One city mayor54 in
Canada even resigned over a controversy
in which the city council55 wanted to use
public funds56 to build a new pickleball
development57, when he felt his city had
higher priorities to implement58.
Also, there are sometimes logistical
and physical hurdles59. Despite all the former retail space60 that would seem to be
available61 (given the recent headlines62
about brick-and-mortar63 stores closing and
PDOOVG\LQJ ࣟQGLQJDSODFHWR house64
pickleball courts can be tricky65. The space
must be zoned66 for such sporting activities. A lot of retail space is available in industrial parks67, but these are not always
conducive to68 players who wish to engage
in69 a relaxing, healthy recreational activity.
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20 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
INTERNATIONAL
6HOHFWLYH,GLRPV5HODWHGWR&RXUW6SRUWVb
IDIOM
the ball is in one’s
court
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TRANSLATION
SLĄNDMHVWSRF]\MHMĝVWURQie (druga strona decyduje co
dalej)
MEANING
An offer has been
made to someone,
now it’s that person’s
responsibility to decide or take action.
(;$03/(,163((&+
“The interview is complete, and the
company has made Robert an attractive
offer. Now, the ball is in his court”.
to call the shots
WțNȖʒO²țɅȔWV
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To be in charge; to
be in control.
“As the captain of Team Poland,
Lewandowski got to call the shots”.
to keep one’s eye on
the ball
WțNLʒSZɎQ]DȬȔQ
²țEȖʒO
to drop the ball
WțGUȔS²țEȖʒO
E\ÉF]XMQ\PREVHUZRZDÉFR
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Stay focused;
don’t become
distracted1.
“My graduate diploma studies2 are difࣟFXOWEXWLQRUGHUWRVXFFHHGLQWKHP
I must simply keep my eye on the ball”.
]DZDOLÉVSDUWDF]\É
To make a mistake by failing to do
something that was
viewed as necessary.
“This government has really dropped
the ball on providing DᎱRUGDEOH
housing3”.
to throw (someone or some people)
a curveball
WțͪUțɌțʊNȞʒYEȖʒO
to have quick hands
WțK¨YNZȬNK¨QG]
To be the recipient4
of something unexSHFWHGRUGLIࣟFXOWWR
deal with.
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pytanie)
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4
“That spring snowstorm5 really threw us
a curveball”!
“The surgeon6 is known for her quick
hands, which enable her to perform delicate procedures with precision”.
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21
INTERNATIONAL
Participants70 often don’t want to compete71
for parking space72 with huge tractor trailer
vehicles73. Converting existing retail space
to into courts presents another challenge.
Imagine trying to play around giant support beams74, constantly worrying about75
running into one of those pillars, for instance, that often exist in former department stores.
Networks of private pickleball franchises76, which are opening rapidly, appear to
overcome77 some of these hurdles. Picklers
started in 2022 and began franchising in
2023. It now has 26 locations in the United
States. It is one of many big names in
American pickleball. “These companies
are essentially78 going from zero to owning79 ten or more facilities80 in a year-and-ahalf”, said Bill Diaz, a US-based pickleball
writer at Forbes Magazine. “That is pretty massive81”, he added. The population
growth of seniors has driven up82 demand
%DVLF7HQQLV9RFDEXODU\
• FOREHAND is a shot made with
the racquet on the same side of the
body as the hand holding the racquet. The player swings the racquet
across their body to meet the ball.
• BACKHAND is a shot made
with the racquet on the opposite
side of the body from the hand
holding the racquet. Players can
hit a one-handed or two-handed
backhand.
for the sport, which is thought to be easier on the MRLQWV83 than tennis or squash.
Another advantage of the franchise model
is that individual owners (franchisees) can
EHQHࣟWIURPbrand recognition84 and from
having a model that’s worked in other locations. Since high interest rates85 have
somewhat86 limited new construction, these
franchises look for second-generation
stores87, such as big box shops88 that have
gone dark89.
But you can’t simply build an indoor90
pickleball court anywhere. A space must
be tall enough that players aren’t lobbing91
balls into the lights. It should have VXᎴcient92 parking space or at least be easy to
get to. Since the cost per square metre93 of
renting space94 can be high, new pickleball
businesses must quickly build up a large
membership base95 to pay for this. After
all, they are competing with municipality96-sponsored courts which might charge97
players a measly98ࣟYHbucks99. “It takes a
lot of work to drive sales. You must motivate either new people, or the same people
in a novel100 way, and that can be really difࣟFXOWߩVDLGRQHQHZIUDQFKLVHH
After talking to many pickleball advocates101 and trying out the game several times, this writer had to admit that
pickleball has many advantages over other court sports: in addition to being less
harmful102 to aging103 knees, it’s a game of
strategy – often points are scored104 as a
result of cunning105 ball placement106 and
serve technique, for example, and not by
brute force107 or speed. The culture of the
sport appears to have none of the VWXᎴness108 of some other racquet sports – no
pretentious109 club atmosphere, which can
be characterised by dress codes110 and exorbitant111 fees, for example. In fact, you
can pay by the hour. The people tend to be
welcoming, laid-back112 and friendly, which
also appealed to this writer.
However, in some regions there aren’t
enough courts to play on, especially in
74
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22 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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INTERNATIONAL
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1. Pickleball is becoming popular ______ older adults who want exercise
without too much strain.
2. A casual game can be played indoors, or outside ______ sunny afternoons.
3. The paddle is similar ______ a ping-pong paddle, only larger and squareshaped.
4. In some towns, players may have to wait patiently ______ their turn on
crowded courts.
5. New businesses often set up courts ______ abandoned department stores.
6. Many players enjoy the social side, chatting ______ friends during breaks.
7. In doubles matches, you and your partner compete ______ another team.
8. City councils sometimes disagree ______ whether public funds should
support pickleball facilities.
winter, as many courts currently use (outdoor113) tennis spaces. There have been examples of some new pickleball businesses closing because of not making enough
money. And more should be done to attract114 younger players, if intergenerational115 cohesion116 – which nicely livens up117
the social aspect of the sport – is to exist.
Nevertheless118, the remarkable119 uptake120
of the game is a testament to121 its attractiveness, its ᎳH[LEOH122 ability to creatively
use dormant123 public space124, and, since
games often act as a gathering space125
for locals, its potential to build community spirit 126 and sense of belonging 127.
If you’re looking for an easy and fun way
to experience a new sport that’s relatively
low-impact128 and yet cardio-enhancing129,
well, the ball’s in your court130 – give it
a try!
113
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Endurance
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or many, holidays mean chilling out5 on a sunlounger6 and recharging your batteries7, or maybe overindulging8 at restaurants
and BBQs9. Increasingly, however, a new
breed10 of traveller is packing their running shoes, wetsuits11 and bikes, rather
than ᎳLSᎳRSV12 and the latest crime thriller.
The rise of endurance sport vacations has
transformed the idea of leisure13, merging
travel with14 testing the limits15 of physical
performance16.
These trips17 combine the structure of
organised sporting events with the pleasures18 of exploration, community and personal challenge. From marathon running
in the desert to multi-day19 cycling across
mountain ranges20, endurance holidays
are attracting thousands of participants21
worldwide22. But what explains their appeal23, who exactly is signing up24, and is
this simply another travel fad25, or the start
of a permanent shift26 in how we holiday?
:KDW$UH(QGXUDQFH6SRUW
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The term refers to holidays centred
around challenging physical activities, often involving extended28 HᎱRUW29, stamina30 and sometimes extreme conditions31.
27
Unlike ᎲWQHVV retreats32, which focus on
relaxation and wellness, endurance trips
are about testing limits. Participants run,
swim, cycle, hike33 or ski for prolonged periods34, sometimes in back-to-back35 stages36 over several days.
Examples include:
• Running an ultramarathon through the
Moroccan desert.
• Taking part in a week-long cycling
tour of the Alps.
• Swimming between Greek islands in
the Aegean Sea.
• Hiking the Camino de Santiago over
consecutive days37 at a demanding38
pace39.
The format varies. Some holidays revolve around40 established competitions
such as Ironman triathlons or stage races.
Others are bespoke41 tours run42 by specialist companies that blend demanding
sport with43 cultural experiences. The unifying thread44 is that the journey is physically gruelling45, as well as geographically
adventurous.
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$WᎲUVWJODQFH , deliberately choosing exhaustion49 over relaxation sounds
counterintuitive50 – as the cliché51 goes,
you may end up feeling like you need a
holiday to recover from your holiday. Yet
the attraction lies in direct contrast to our
traditional perspective of what needs a vacation meets.
47
48
AT FIRST GLANCE,
DELIBERATELY
CHOOSING
EXHAUSTION
OVER RELAXATION
SOUNDS
COUNTERINTUITIVE.
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Oddly76, there can be a luxurious reward awaiting. Participants are often accommodated77 in comfortable lodges78
or boutique hotels79, with meals prepared
and logistics handled80. Unlike profes-
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For many, completing a marathon, triathlon, or cycling ascent53 has deep symbolic value. Holidays built around such
challenges give participants a tangible
goal54 and a lasting55 sense of accomplishment56, far beyond the memories of sightseeing57&URVVLQJDࣟQLVKOLQHRU summiting58 a mountain becomes a personal
triumph etched into59 their holiday story
– and of course, shared online.
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Modern life often blurs the line60 between work and leisure. An endurance
trip offers a complete break – one where
phones are put aside61RIࣟFHSUHVVXUHV
vanish62, and all attention63 focuses on the
body’s rhythm and the environment’s64 demands65. The mental reset can be just as
powerful as the physical workout66.
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Camaraderie67
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țʊNȔPSOȬɅPțQWSRF]XFLHVSHĄQLHQLD
These holidays foster68 a strong sense
of community. Shared hardship69 builds
bonds70 quickly, whether it is fellow71 runners encouraging72 each other through a
storm or cyclists tackling73 the same punishing74 Alpine ascent as featured75 on the
Tour de France. Many participants say that
the friendships formed become as valuaEOHDVWKHPHGDOVRUFHUWLࣟFDWHVFROOHFWHG
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26 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
INTERNATIONAL
)DFW%R[
Social capital describes the networks
and relationships1 that people form
to create mutual2 and shared value.
It includes friendships, community
ties and professional connections.
Strong social capital fosters cooperation, exchange of knowledge and
mutual support, often giving individuals and groups advantages in
achieving goals – this can also further3 their careers.
• Retirees are an increasingly visible demographic. Far from slowing down,
many active older adults use endurance holidays to prove vitality86 and
tick ambitious experiences RᎱ87 their
bucket lists88.
• Women are participating in growing numbers, challenging old assumptions 89 that endurance sports
are male-dominated. Events designed
VSHFLࣟFDOO\IRUZRPHQVXFKDVWULDWKlon camps or running tours, have become popular.
Fitness levels vary widely. Some participants train for months in advance90,
while others rely on91 sheer92 determination. Most tour organisers provide graded93
routes94 or support vehicles, ensuring95
that people can participate without being
world-class96 athletes.
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Destinations97
5XQQLQJ$GYHQWXUHV
From city marathons in London, Berlin
and New York to ultra-marathons across
deserts, jungles and mountains, running
holidays offer enormous106 variety107. The
Marathon des Sables in Morocco, spanning108 six days across the Sahara, has become almost mythical among endurance
runners. Meanwhile, destination marathons in places such as the Great Wall of
China combine sport with iconic tourism.
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Open-water swimming tours have
gained momentum109. The Greek islands,
81
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Endurance holidays are now spread
across the globe, with certain locations
developing reputations as hubs98.
7ULDWKORQHavens99
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spa treatments, or wine tasting. The mix
of exertion81 and indulgence creates an appealing82 balance.
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The stereotype might suggest elite athletes83, but the reality is broader.
• Mid-career professionals are heavily
represented. With disposable income84
and a taste for adventure, they use endurance holidays as both escape and
personal statement85.
• Couples and groups of friends sign up
together, turning the trip into a shared
challenge.
Hawaii, where the Ironman World
Championship is held, remains iconic.
Yet European resorts100 such as Lanzarote,
Majorca and Nice have become hotspots101, offering triathlons or training
camps in sunny climates with challenging terrain.
&\FOLQJ&ODVVLFV
The Alps and Pyrenees are meccas 102 for cyclists. Routes mirroring
the Tour de France allow amateurs to
test themselves on legendary climbs103
such as Alpe d’Huez or Mont Ventoux.
Italy’s Dolomites also attract riders eager to combine endurance with spectacular landscapes104 and a taste of local
cuisine105.
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27
INTERNATIONAL
6&5$0%/('
4MRBQ@LAKDSGDUDQARNEDMCTQ@MBDSNƥKKSGDF@OR 1. While many travellers prefer to rest on a sunlounger, others choose to ( n i a
t r ) ______ for months before taking an endurance holiday.
2. Cyclists must (b i l m c ) ______ legendary mountains such as Alpe d’Huez
or Mont Ventoux.
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trends. Fitness culture has become mainstream, fuelled129 by wearable technology130, social media and the visibility131 of
PDMRUHYHQWV3RVWLQJDࣟQLVKOLQHSKRWR
or sharing training updates132 has become
a form of social capital133 (see Fact Box).
For many, an endurance holiday is as much
about the story told afterwards134 as the effort itself.
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3. Marathon runners often (d e e n r u ) ______ extreme heat and exhaustion
in desert races.
4. Some adventurers (m i s w ) ______ across bays when taking part in islandto-island tours.
5. Trekkers ( k i h e ) ______ long distances day after day on the Camino de
Santiago.
6. Ultra-athletes push themselves to ( r u p s s a s ) ______ limits they never
thought possible.
7. Cold-water swimmers ( s i s e r t ) ______ the freezing temperatures of
Scottish lochs.
8. Groups of runners help each other ( e r v p e e s r e ) ______ through storms
and steep climbs.
Not everyone views the trend positively. Critics suggest that turning holidays
110
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Answers: 1. train, 2. climb, 3. endure, 4. swim, 5. hike, 6. surpass, 7. resist 8. persevere
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Croatian coastline , and even the chilly
waters of Scotland host guided swims between bays112 and islands. Some combine
swimming with kayaking or trail running113, creating multi-sport challenges.
110
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111
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While long-distance walking holidays are not new, the endurance twist115
lies in upping116 the pace and GLᎴFXOW\117.
Treks through the Himalayas, the Andes or
Patagonia, completed in tight schedules118,
offer both scenic119 rewards and demanding physical tests.
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Not surprisingly, travel operators have
been quick to cash in on120 the craze.
Specialist companies offer full packages121
including transport, accommodation, nutrition122, coaching and support teams. Some
trips blend physical challenge with cultural immersion123 – cycling through vineyards124, for example, or running stages
that end in historic villages.
Mainstream holiday providers have also
taken notice125. Resorts now market themVHOYHVZLWKࣟWQHVVWUDLOVJXLGHGELNHULGHV
or links to local races. Airlines and tourism boards126 court127 endurance travellers,
recognising128 that they stay longer, spend
more, and often return year after year.
28 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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INTERNATIONAL
NOT EVERYONE
VIEWS THE TREND
POSITIVELY.
into feats135 of endurance risks creating
pressure rather than pleasure. Instead of
resting136, people may feel compelled to137
prove themselves physically. ,QMXULHV138,
exhaustion and disappointment are all
possible.
Environmental concerns139 also surface140. Flying to exotic destinations for
sport adds to carbon footprints141, while
large events can put strain on142 fragile143
ecosystems. Some companies are addressing this by emphasising local travel, smaller group sizes and partnerships with conservation organisations144.
There is also the question of inclusivity145. These trips can be expensive, making
them the preserve of wealthier travellers.
While community spirit is strong within
groups, the wider industry risks reinforcing146 inequalities147 in who can access adventurous travel.
A Fleeting148)DVKLRQRU
+HUHWR6WD\"
So, will endurance sport vacations
fade149 like other travel fads, or do they
represent a lasting shift?
On one hand150, the appeal taps into151
durable152 human instincts: the desire153
for challenge, the search for meaning and
the joy of movement. As people live longer
and stay healthier, the market of active
travellers will only grow. The blurring of
sport, leisure and lifestyle suggests that endurance holidays could become as standard as ski trips or yoga retreats.
On the other hand, trends evolve quickly. The glamour154 of extreme effort might
wane155 if travellers seek new experiences.
Economic downturns156 or shifting cultural
fashions could reduce demand for expensive, physically demanding trips.
How about you – does it sound exciting
or the holiday from hell157?
135
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(-3$1- 3(.- +
CITIZENSHIP SERVES
BOTH AS A TOOL
FOR THE APPLICANT
AND A STRATEGIC
LEVER FOR THE
HOST COUNTRY.
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Citizenship1
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In an increasingly interconnected 6
world, the idea of holding more than one
citizenship has grown from a luxury for the
exceptionally7 wealthy into a strategic tool
for many high-net-worth individuals8, entrepreneurs9 and families. Citizenship by
Investment, or CBI, is a legal instrument10
through which individuals can acquire11
nationality in exchange for a ᎲQDQFLDOFRQ
tribution12 to a host country’s13 economy.
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30 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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INTERNATIONAL
While the concept may sound transactional14, it has profound implications15: greater
mobility, access to new markets, security
for families and, in some cases, a ticket to
the European Union.
For people from countries facing political instability16, economic hardship17 or limited passport strength18, the appeal is clear.
Imagine the situation of a businessperson from the pariah state19 of Iraq whose
current passport allows access to only a
fraction20 of the world’s countries without
cumbersome21 visas. For them, the opportunity to obtain22 a citizenship that offers
visa-free travel to over 150 countries represents not just convenience23, but freedom, security24 and peace of mind25. In a
globalised economy, where business deals,
education, healthcare26 and family safety
often require cross-border27 mobility, such
an advantage28 can be transformative29.
The market for citizenship by investment is surprisingly diverse30. At one end
RIWKHࣟQDQFLDOVSHFWUXPZHDOWK\HQWUHpreneurs and business owners pursue second citizenship to protect assets, reduce
exposure31 to political and economic risk,
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are drawn to programmes that promise
better quality of life35, favourable tax regimes36 or healthcare advantages. And for
those from regions experiencing civil unrest37RUFRQ࣠LFWDVHFRQGSDVVSRUWFDQEH
a vital38 safety net39 – a legal means40 to
leave if circumstances41 deteriorate42.
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INTERNATIONAL
as politically stable47 with strong legal protections48 for business. For families, citizenship can be a form of insurance49, offering access to education systems abroad50,
healthcare facilities51 and a secure environment in which children can grow up52.
Political stability and safety are equally53 critical54 motivators. For individuals
from countries experiencing civil unrest,
economic uncertainty55 or government instability, a second passport represents a
lifeline56. It provides57 a legal exit strategy,
a place where assets can be safeguarded58,
and the freedom to live or work without
fear of sudden upheaval59. Even for those
not facing immediate60 danger, a second
citizenship can be a form of risk management61, diversifying personal and family
options in an unpredictable62 world.
Beyond security and mobility, there
DUHSUDFWLFDOࣟQDQFLDODQGOLIHVW\OHconsiderations63. Citizenship can facilitate64 tax
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estate planning65 – it is perhaps no coincidence66 that many CBI countries have attractive tax regimes.
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Caribbean nations dominate the landscape68 of accessible69 and DᎱRUGDEOH70 CBI
programmes. Countries like Antigua and
Barbuda, Dominica (Not to be confused
with the Dominican Republic, which does
not offer CBI), Grenada, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, and Saint Lucia have developed
well-structured71 programmes that combine
simplicity72, speed and reasonable investment thresholds73. These countries offer a
range74 of pathways75: donations to national
development funds76, property77 purchases
and sometimes local business investments.
For example:
• Saint Kitts and Nevis hosts 78 one
of the oldest and most established79
CBI programmes in the Caribbean.
Citizenship can be obtained through
a government donation starting at
USD 150,000 for a single applicant,
with slightly higher fees80 for families.
Alternatively, applicants can invest in
67
pre-approved property, with a minimum investment starting at USD
200,000.
• Dominica is also regarded as81 an accessible and straightforward82 option.
Single applicants can acquire citizenship through a government donation
of USD 200,000 or via83 a property investment at a similar threshold.
Other Caribbean nations offer distinctive advantages.
• Grenada allows citizenship through
a donation of USD 200,000 or a
property investment starting at USD
350,000, and its passport uniquely
provides visa-free access to China.
• Saint Lucia provides multiple84 pathways: a government donation beginning at USD 100,000 or property investments from USD 300,000
upwards.
• Antigua and Barbuda combines inYHVWPHQW࣠H[LELOLW\ZLWKWKH allure85
of idyllic island life, offering citizenship through a National Development
Fund donation or a property purchase
starting at USD 200,000.
The appeal of Caribbean programmes
is often enhanced86 by their simplicity and
speed. Most applications are processed87 in
less than six months, sometimes as quickly as three, and the requirements88 are
straightforward: applicants must pass due
diligence89 checks90, meet91 health criteria92
and demonstrate legitimate93 funds. There
is no requirement to live in the country for
long periods94, making it ideal for those
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32 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
NU\WHULD]GURZRWQH
]bSUDZHP
who seek mobility rather than relocation95.
For many, the cost is surprisingly reasonable96FRPSDUHGWRWKHEHQHࣟWVDFFHVVWR
travel across the Schengen Area, the UK
and much of Asia, without the bureaucracy and uncertainty associated with visa
applications97.
Beyond the Caribbean, opportunities98 exist in Europe, North Africa and
beyond, although they tend to be costlier99 or subject to stricter100 regulations.
Malta’s now-closed citizenship by investment programme, for instance, allowed
applicants to obtain EU citizenship in exchange101 for a substantial102 ᎲQDQFLDOFRQtribution103, including donations, property and bonds104 totalling several hundred
thousand euros. Although the programme
faced legal challenges and was ultimately ruled105 incompatible with106 EU law, it
illustrated the tremendous107 value of EU
citizenship for global citizens: freedom of
movement108 across 27 countries, access
to European markets and residence rights.
Austria, though lacking a formalised CBI
programme, grants citizenship to individuals making extraordinary109 contributions
to the economy, often through substantial
business investment. These programmes
are typically aimed at ultra-high-net-worth
individuals110JLYHQWKHࣟQDQFLDOWKUHVKold, frequently111 in the multi-million-euro range.
Other countries, such as Egypt or North
Macedonia, have implemented more modest112 schemes to attract113 foreign investment and stimulate economic development. Egypt offers citizenship through a
government donation or property, or business investment, with application timelines114 ranging from six to twelve months.
North Macedonia provides a pathway
through a minimum investment of around
EUR 200,000, again aimed at driving115
economic growth116. In these cases, citizen-
take advantage of125WKLV࣠H[LELOLW\KROGLQJ
ship serves both as a tool for the applicant
and a strategic lever117 for the host country,
attracting capital, creating jobs and encouraging118 infrastructure development119.
several passports to maximise travel freedom, minimise their tax liabilities126, access
international markets and secure their families’ futures.
Despite concerns, the CBI industry continues to grow, driven by increasing global
mobility, wealth accumulation127, and geopolitical uncertainty. However, the cost of entry, albeit128 relatively cheap at USD 150,000,
will be beyond the reach of displaced129 refugees130 and migrants. Buying citizenship remains something of a luxury.
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Yet, the pursuit120 of citizenship by
investment is not without controversy.
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ethics and national identity. Most CBI programmes do not require123 applicants to
renounce124 their original nationality, allowing them to hold dual or even multiple citizenships. Wealthy individuals often
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FOR CENTURIES,
MATCHA WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH
THE JAPANESE
ELITE, SUCH AS
THE SAMURAI,
ARISTOCRATS AND
MONKS.
34 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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The journey of matcha stretches16 from centuries-old rituals to TikTok-fuelled17 demand18, from
small farms in Kyoto to supermarket shelves19
across the globe. As the market has rapidly grown,
so too have the economic, cultural and environmental20 questions that surround21 this emerald22
phenomenon.
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n cafés from New York to Tokyo, a swirl9
of vibrant10 green is stealing the limelight11.
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from shade-grown green tea leaves – has
shifted from the quiet corners of Japanese tea ceremonies to the frontlines12 of global wellness and
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Matcha’s story begins in 12th-century Japan, when Zen monks23 cultivated24
and powdered25 green tea leaves to enhance26 meditation practice. Its preparation involved meticulous27 grinding28 with
stone mills29 and careful whisking30 into a
frothy31 suspension32. Over time, this ritualised method became the foundation33 of the
Japanese tea ceremony, a cultural practice
steeped in34 harmony, respect and mindfulness. For centuries, matcha was associated
with35 the Japanese elite, such as the samurai, aristocrats and monks, who valued its
meditative and energising qualities36.
What made matcha unique was not only
its preparation37, but also its method of
cultivation. Tea bushes38 are shaded39 for
weeks before harvest40, slowing growth
and boosting chlorophyll41, amino acids42
and antioxidant43 compounds44. This process gave the powder its vibrant colour and
distinct45XPDPL࣠DYRXU see Fact Box),
unlike any other tea.
Fast forward46 to today, and the ancient47
drink has found its way into the global
food culture of fashionable48 cafés, where
it is blended49 into smoothies, baked into
croissants and infused50 into chocolate.
Matcha is even found in cosmetics and
skincare products51. Where once it symbolised meditation and ritual, today, it is synonymous with cool sophistication52.
7KH1XPEHUV%HKLQGWKH
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The global matcha market has accelerated53 at a remarkable54 speed. Estimates55
place its current value at more than USD 4
bln, with forecasts56 suggesting it could approach USD 8 bln within the next decade.
Growth rates57 of seven to eight percent
annually58 outstrip59 many other speciality
food categories.
7KH0DUNHW+DV6HYHUDO
drivers60
• Health consciousness61 continues to
shape consumer behaviour. Unlike
coffee, matcha delivers a more gradual62 release63 of caffeine, balanced
by L-theanine, an amino acid known
for promoting calmness64 and focus65.
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36 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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This “DOHUWEXWQRWMLWWHU\66” effect has
been heavily marketed, appealing to67
students, professionals and wellness
enthusiasts alike.
• Visual culture plays a role. The intense
green of a matcha latte photographs
well, spreading68 across Instagram and
TikTok. In the era of “edible aesthetics69,” colour matters, and few natural
ingredients70 are as striking as matcha.
• Premium positioning 71 has helped
the category. Matcha is stratified72
into ceremonial, classic and culinary
grades73, with price differences that re࣠HFWERWKTXDOLW\DQG intended74 use.
Prices range from 10 – 30 Euros per
kilo for commercial grades, and into
the hundreds or higher for ceremonial quality.
߮5HJLRQDOO\$VLD3DFLࣟFVWLOOGRPL
nates demand, with Japan as both producer and benchmark of authenticity75.
Yet North America is the fastest-growing market, driven by FRᎱHHKRXVH76
chains, wellness brands and the expanding popularity of plant-based lifestyles. Europe, too, has begun to see
matcha cafés and bakeries77 springing
up78, particularly in cities like London,
Berlin and Paris.
66
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alongside sweet, sour1, salty, and bitter2, describes a deep, savoury3 richness linked to glutamates4 found
in certain foods. It gives dishes a
mouth-filling, satisfying quality.
Classic umami sources include soy
sauce, miso, mushrooms, Parmesan
cheese, Marmite and seaweed5.
68
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85
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87
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88
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91
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92
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Supply79DQGScarcity80
As demand soars , supply is straining
to keep up83. Most of the world’s premium
matcha still comes from Japan, particularly
the Uji region near Kyoto, renowned for84
its terroir (the unique mix of soil85, climate
DQGJURZLQJFRQGLWLRQVWKDWVKDSH࣠DYRXU and its centuries of cultivation expertise86.
Farmers there rely on87 methods passed
down88 through generations, from shading
techniques to stone milling.
But the industry faces mounting 89
challenges. Extreme weather, including
heatwaves90, has disrupted91 harvests in
recent years92. An ageing farming population has left fewer young successors93
willing94 to take on the labour-intensive95
craft96. Cultivating shaded tea is more resource-demanding than growing standard
green tea, limiting97 scalability98.
81
Shops in Kyoto and other tourist hubs99
have even begun rationing100 matcha, limiting how much each customer can purchase. The irony is sharp: while global
visibility101 has never been higher, the local
supply chain102 is under pressure, creating
volatility103 in both availability and price.
Some businesses are exploring diverVLࣟFDWLRQ0DWFKDLVQRZEHLQJSURGXFHG
in other Japanese prefectures104, and experimental cultivation is taking place in
China, Taiwan and parts of the United
States. Yet replicating the delicate balance of climate, soil and tradition that
GHࣟQHV-DSDQHVHPDWFKD remains a challenge105. Authenticity continues to carry
enormous106 weight with consumers, and
82
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]F]HJRĝ
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࢘
37
COVER STORY
([SDQGLQJWKH0DWFKD
0RGHO
0$.,1*0$7&+$
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1. Matcha is made from __________ green tea leaves that are harvested after
being covered for several weeks.
2 Traditionally, monks would grind the leaves carefully with __________ to
FUHDWHDࣟQHSRZGHU
Several companies illustrate how matcha has moved from niche136 to mainstream. Small boutique brands137 in Japan
and the United States have built global
followings138 by emphasising purity139, sustainability and story. They market not just
the powder, but the culture – ceremonial
110
111
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bVFUHHQVNULʒQHNUDQWXRVĄRQD
3 The powder is then mixed with hot water, with careful __________ until it
becomes smooth and frothy.
112
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4 Shading the tea bushes boosts levels of __________, which deepens the
green colour of the tea.
113
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114
bWRPLWLJDWHVWKWțʊPȬWȬȣHȬWʊVɎP͍Ȭč
115
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116
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118
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119
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5 The same process also raises the amount of __________, which promote
calmness and focus.
6 Matcha has a distinctive taste, often described as __________, or savoury
richness.
7 Japan remains the global benchmark of matcha __________, with Uji in
Kyoto particularly famous for its cultivation methods.
8 To prepare matcha correctly, the powder should be sifted before mixing to
avoid __________.
FRĝ
F]HPXĝ
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120
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121
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123
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129
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130
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131
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132
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133
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134
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135
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Answers: 1. E, 2. F, 3. H, 4. C, 5. A, 6. G, 7. B, 8. D
products labelled107 as “Japanese matcha”
command a premium108 over those from
elsewhere.
(QYLURQPHQWDODQG
(FRQRPLFIssues109
Matcha cultivation requires shading
ࣟHOGVIRUXSWRDPRQWKEHIRUHKDUYHVWLQJ
a process that consumes materials and labour. Some farmers use synthetic tarpaulins110, while others prefer traditional bamboo screens111. Both methods increase112
costs. Furthermore, climate change threatens113 stability. Shading can mitigate114 heat
stress115 to a point, but prolonged116 high
temperatures reduce yields117 and quality.
There is also a cultural debate about
FRPPRGLᎲFDWLRQ118. Purists worry that the
global craze119, especially in the form of
sugary beverages120 and mass-produced
desserts, risks diluting121 matcha’s heritage122. Some feel the integrity123 of the
product is being compromised for124 volume125DQGGLYHUVLࣟHGIRUPDWV
Economically, matcha’s rising popularity is a double-edged sword126. On one
hand127, it brings much-needed revenue128
to rural129 farming regions, supports artisanal130 producers and creates export opportunities. On the other hand, reliance
on131 a small number of growing regions
creates vulnerability132. If one harvest fails,
global prices spike133. In the longer term,
sustainability134DQGGLYHUVLࣟFDWLRQZLOOEH
crucial135 to maintaining growth.
107
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38 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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PDUND
COVER STORY
whisks, handcrafted140 bowls and educational workshops141 on preparation.
Meanwhile, larger multinationals 142
have adopted matcha into their product
lines. Global café chains have popularised the matcha latte, ensuring143 the drink
is available from Warsaw to Washington.
Confectionery 144 and ice-cream giants
KDYHUHOHDVHGPDWFKD࣠DYRXUHGYHUVLRQV
of their classic products, broadening exposure145 but also intensifying demand on
already strained supply.
The divide 146 between artisanal and
industrial 147 approaches reflects a tension148 familiar in many food industries:
balancing heritage and authenticity with
mass-market expansion.
What lies ahead for the matcha economy? Several themes stand out149:
1. Premiumisation150 – High-end151 ceremonial grades will remain scarce
and expensive, appealing to connoisseurs152 and sustaining a luxury niche.
2. Mainstream Expansion – Culinary
grades will continue to feed demand for lattes, desserts and packaged goods, embedding matcha in153
everyday diets.
6XSSO\'LYHUVLࣟFDWLRQߟ1HZJURZing regions may emerge154, though
Japan will likely retain155 its prestige
position.
4. Sustainability Pressure – Climate
change, labour shortages156 and ecological impact will push producers
towards innovation in shading, cultivation and resource management157.
5. Cultural Negotiation – The industry
will need to balance reverence158 for matcha’s history with the realities of
global commerce159.
&DQD+HDOWK\
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From monastery160
rituals in medieval161
Japan to artistic images on Instagram,
matcha has become
far more than a beverage. It is an economic force, a cultural export and a case
study162LQKRZKHULWDJHSURGXFWVFDQࣟQG
new life in a globalised, wellness-driven
marketplace163.
The numbers point to robust growth164,
but behind the glossy165 marketing lies a
fragile166 ecosystem. Supply strains, environmental risks and cultural tensions
must be managed if the industry is to sustain itself167. Ironically, a decline168 in its
popularity may be in the long-term best
interests of suppliers, consumers and the
environment.
150
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business-english.com.pl
POBIERZ CZYTNIK KODÓW:
COLORFULMEDIA.PL/CZYTNIK
business-english.com.pl
CRYOPRESERVATION
SUPPORTS
CONSERVATION
EFFORTS BY
PRESERVING SEEDS,
EMBRYOS AND
GENETIC MATERIAL
FROM ENDANGERED
PLANTS AND
ANIMALS.
࢘
41
FUTURE FOCUS
&
ryopreservation, the freezing
and storing9 of living tissue10
at ultra-low temperatures, has
long served practical, life-saving roles in fertility treatment11, agriculture12 and medicine. But a growing number
of scientists, entrepreneurs13 and dreamers
believe it may one day unlock14 an even
more radical ambition15: suspending16 human life and deferring17 death itself.
Imagine being diagnosed with a terminal illness 18, yet, instead of facing
mortality19, you are cooled20 to – 196°C,
preserved21 in a state of suspended animation22, awaiting a time when science might
be able to revive23 you and cure24 your disease25. This is the vision that drives26 the
cryonics27 movement. But is this science,
VFLHQFHᎲFWLRQ28, or wishful thinking29?
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Cryopreservation is the process of preserving biological matter30 at extremely
low temperatures to halt31 all biochemical
activity, including cellular metabolism32
and decay33. While conventional freezing
forms destructive34 ice crystals, cryopreserYDWLRQDLPVIRUDVWDWHFDOOHGYLWULࣟFDWLRQD
glass-like, non-crystalline35 state where ice
does not form, thus36 preserving the internal37 structure of cells38 and tissues.
To achieve this, scientists use cryoprotective39 agents40, chemical compounds41
like dimethyl sulphoxide42, or glycerol, that
penetrate cells and reduce ice formation
during cooling and thawing43. The process
is complex and must be done precisely: too
little and ice crystals destroy the tissue; too
much, and the chemicals become toxic.
Temperature also matters. While
– 80°C can halt most biological processes
temporarily44, long-term45 cryopreservation
9
typically uses liquid nitrogen46, which
maintains 47 a stable temperature of
– 196°C. At this level, all enzymatic activity stops, theoretically allowing tissue to
be preserved for centuries, perhaps even
LQGHᎲQLWHO\48.
It may sound far-fetched49, but there are
several areas in cryopreservation where it
is already used.
1. Reproductive Medicine50
Cryopreservation has transformed fertility treatment. Sperm, eggs and embryos can be collected, frozen and
stored for later use, sometimes years or
decades later, with high success rates
upon thawing. Women facing chemotherapy or early menopause can preserve eggs; couples51 undergoing52 in
vitro fertilisation can freeze surplus53
embryos. The ability to store reproductive cells has also enabled54 global
sperm banks and the preservation55 of
fertility for transgender56 individuals57.
2. Stem Cell58 and Organ Preservation
Blood-forming59 stem cells from bone
marrow60 or umbilical cord blood61 are
often cryopreserved for use in transplants, particularly for leukaemia62 and
lymphoma63 patients. Although full organ cryopreservation is not yet practical, promising research64 is underway65.
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42 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
FUTURE FOCUS
“THE ONLY
ALTERNATIVE TO
CRYONICS IS
CERTAIN DEATH.”
In 2020, scientists successfully rewarmed 66 a cryopreserved rat kidney67 and transplanted it with partial68
functionality – a milestone69 in organ
cryobiology.
3. Agriculture70 and Biodiversity71
Cryopreservation supports72 conservation73 efforts by preserving seeds, embryos, and genetic material from endangered74 plants and animals. This
helps maintain biodiversity and protects
against crop failure75, climate change or
disease outbreaks76. In vitro preservation of plant embryos also plays a key
role77 in agricultural biotechnology.
4. Medical Research
Laboratories rely on78 cryopreserved cell
lines79 and tissue samples80 to conduct81
experiments in cancer82, virology83 and
genetics. The reliability84 and consistency85 of frozen cell cultures are essential for reproducibility86 in research and
pharmaceutical development87.
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Extension88RI
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nitrogen tanks99. However, as you might
expect, potential immortality doesn’t come
cheap100 – prices range from USD 50,000
(for neuro-preservation of the brain alone)
to over USD 200,000 for whole-body
preservation.
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Where things start to get speculative ,
or even a little (too) weird90 is in the application91 of cryopreservation to entire human bodies or brains in the hope of future
revival92. The idea is to preserve individuals immediately after legal death (when
the heart stops, but before irreversible93
brain damage) to prevent94 further biological degradation.
Companies like Alcor Life Extension
Foundation (USA) and Tomorrow
Biostasis (Germany) now offer cryonics
services95, which include rapid body cooling96, blood replacement97 with cryoprotectants98, and long-term storage in liquid
89
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࢘
43
FUTURE FOCUS
IT PROMISES TO HALT
AGEING, DEFER
DEATH AND MAYBE
EVEN REBOOT LIFE.
106
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As of 2025, over 500 people have been
cryopreserved globally, with thousands
more signed up101. But no one has yet been
revived. Cryonics, unlike other cryopreservation uses, is a massive102 punt103 on future
science coming through104.
5HYLYDO
In fact, the greatest challenge105 in cryonics is not freezing but safely thawing
and repairing the body. Current technologies cannot uniformly106 rewarm an entire human body without causing thermal stress107, cracking108, or tissue damage.
Even if the freezing process goes perfectly, rewarming must be done evenly109 and
precisely.
Moreover, cellular structures110, especially those in the brain, are extraordinarily111 complex. We do not yet understand
how to reconstruct neural networks112 or
repair micro-tears113 caused by ice or dehydration114. The brain’s “connectome115,” a
map of neuron connections, holds the keys
to memory, personality and consciousness116. Once disrupted117, can it ever be
restored118? Would revived people have
different personalities and memories, lost
in the chaos of an identity crisis119?
Advocates120 argue that future technologies, like molecular nanobots, quantum
computing121, or whole-brain emulation,
may one day allow us to reverse122 damage
and reanimate the cryopreserved, while
critics dismiss this as unsubstantiated123
pseudoscience124.
Estimates125 vary wildly. Optimists suggest that breakthroughs126 in organ regeneration, brain mapping127, and AI may allow limited revival within 50 to 100 years.
Sceptics argue it may take centuries or
never be achieved.
Despite this, it remains, for those who
can afford it, a no-brainer128. The Alcor Life
Extension Foundation, one of the world’s
ࣟUVWFU\RJHQLFVRUJDQLVDWLRQVIRXQGHGLQ
1972, hits the nail on the head129 when it
says, “The only alternative to cryonics is
certain death130.”
Economic Viability DQG
Legal Grey Zones132
131
Cryopreserved individuals are not just
in a physical void133, but legal limbo134, too.
They are legally dead but biologically suspended1351RODZV\HWGHࣟQHWKHLUULJKWV
inheritance136 status, or whether they could
be UHFODVVLᎲHG137 as “living” upon revival.
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116
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44 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
QRZR
FUTURE FOCUS
From a business perspective, cryonics companies must maintain liquid nitrogen tanks for decades, potentially centuries. This raises questions about long-term
trust138: Will the companies still exist in
100 years? Who ensures139 ongoing140 funding, oversight141 and ethical governance142?
Some preservation contracts are backed
by143 life insurance policies144, with cryonics
companies listed145 as EHQHᎲFLDULHV146. But
this business model is vulnerable147 to legal
challenges, economic shifts and potential
malpractice148. An interruption149 in funding
or a failed generator could be catastrophic.
Critics liken it to150 asking a startup to deliver results in the year 2300.
6KRXOG:HCheat151'HDWK"
Many people argue that even if it is ever
possible, this is not a road we should be
going down. Would it be ethical to cryopreserve people without consent152, such as
in emergency scenarios153 involving unconscious154 patients or terminal155 children?
Bioethicists worry that cryonics may
exploit vulnerable individuals, selling hope
in the face of156 grief157. Some liken it to
PRGHUQGD\PXPPLࣟFDWLRQ elaborate158
and expensive rituals to delay the inevitable159. Others ask deeper questions: if death
gives life meaning160, what happens to our
values, priorities, or relationships if we
can hit the pause button161 – are we sending them to Purgatory162, and who are we
to play God? It is certainly at odds163 with
the beliefs of many religions.
7KH6RFLR(FRQRPLF
3HUVSHFWLYH
The high cost means it will only be
accessible to the very wealthy. Cryonics
would likely exacerbate164 global inequalities165. Would we create a new strata166
of elite people – the immortals? Rather
than saving for retirement167, would people
spend their lives saving, not for their funeral168, but for preservation? Would insurance companies develop policies for tens
or even hundreds of years of preservation,
and the costs of revival and their second
life? How would governments169 view their
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are endless170.
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Cryopreservation is one of the most
awe-inspiring171 and divisive172 frontiers173
in science. In the short term, it offers critLFDOSUDFWLFDOEHQHࣟWVIURPIHUWLOLW\WUHDWments to species conservation. In the long
term, it promises something far more radical: a chance to halt ageing, defer death
and maybe even reboot174 life. Yet, the social and ethical consequences of it becoming a reality are immense175. Alcor’s invitation to choose between certain death and
hope is enticing176, but we should perhaps
be careful what we wish for.
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laudia Sheinbaum was born in
Mexico City on 24 June 1962
into a family where science
and social awareness5 went
hand in hand6. Her mother, Annie Pardo
Cemo, is a biologist and long-time professor at the National Autonomous University
of Mexico (UNAM), while her father,
Carlos Sheinbaum, was a chemical engineer linked to Mexico’s industrial sector7.
Her family heritage8 is Jewish: Ashkenazi9
on her father’s side with Lithuanian roots10,
and Sephardi11 on her mother’s side, whose
family ᎳHGSHUVHFXWLRQ12 in Bulgaria during the Second World War. These LQᎳXHQFes13 created a household14 where academic
achievement15 and social responsibility16
were equally valued.
Claudia studied physics at UNAM and
later pursued17 postgraduate work18 in energy engineering19. She carried out20 doctoral
research21 at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory in California, focusing on enHUJ\HᎴFLHQF\22 and sustainable23 technologies. Her work on energy use in Mexico’s
46 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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transport and housing sectors earned her
recognition 24, and she contributed to 25
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), which shared the Nobel
Peace Prize in 2007. These experiences still
inform26 her approach to decision-making:
evidence-driven27, methodical, and attentive to28 detail.
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Her move into politics came in 2000,
when Andrés Manuel López Obrador, then
head of Mexico City’s government, invited her to serve as environment secretary.
She implemented policies to reduce air
pollution30 and promote public transport,
gaining visibility as a capable31 administrator. After a return to academia, she successfully ran for the Tlalpan Borough32 in
2015, and then for mayor33 of Mexico City
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management37, habits38 she has carried into
the presidency.
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Elected as the candidate of López
Obrador’s movement 39, she has highlighted40 women’s economic participation, expanded41 scholarships42 for young
people, and improvements to the health
system43. Social programmes are presented not just as welfare44 but as a foundation
for45 productivity and fairness46. In energy,
she advocates47 faster growth in renewables48, while maintaining a strong role for
Mexico’s state-owned49ࣟUPV7KLVEDOance seeks to reassure50 domestic51 constituencies52 while keeping foreign investors53 engaged54.
Her values are clear: a belief in the
state’s role in ensuring55 rights, and her
commitment to56 gender equality57. While
this is shown in her insistence58 on using
the title “presidenta,” it goes much deeper
FOR MANY
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than job titles. As mayor of Mexico City,
she made tackling59 violence60 against women a central priority. She introduced61 women’s justice centres, expanded refuges62 for
survivors63, and strengthened64 specialist
police units focused on gender crimes. She
also created safe transport initiatives to reduce harassment65 on buses and the metro.
As president, she has pledged66 to expand
these measures67 nationwide68, recognising that femicides69 and gender-based violence are not only security problems but
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48 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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profound70 social and human rights71 issues72 requiring prevention, protection and
cultural change73.
She also maintains a strong environmental focus through seeking to reduce
waste74 and LQHᎴFLHQF\75. These priorities
are visible in both policy detail and broader themes of sovereignty76, inclusion and
industrial growth77.
Ms Sheinbaum’s election reverberated78
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lead the nation, her victory was celebrated internationally. Her inauguration included references80 to women’s struggles81
and indigenous82 traditions alongside the
formal rituals of government. For many
Mexicans, she represents a generational change83, while abroad84, she is seen as
proof85 of Mexico’s democratic maturity86.
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Mexico’s high crime levels87 remain her
toughest88 test. Homicides89 have stayed
stubbornly90 high*, and organised crime91
networks are deeply embedded in92 parts
of the economy and politics.
* In 2023, homicide rates93 per 100,000
people were 24.9 in Mexico, compared to
5.9 in the United States and 1.9 in Canada.
In the Mexican state of Colima, the rate
was a scary94 111.
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boasting about107 wars against cartels risks
backlash108 at home and tension109 with
the United States, where drug policy110 is
highly politicised111. Whether her strate-
gy reduces violence on a national scale is
likely to determine how her presidency is
MXGJHG112.
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The United States-Mexico-Canada
Agreement (USMCA) is the trade
pact that replaced 1 the North
American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) and underpins 2 most
of Mexico’s export economy.
For Mexico, whose manufacturing and agricultural3 sectors rely
heavily on exports to its northern
neighbours4, maintaining smooth5
WUDGH࣠RZVLV crucial6 for jobs, investment and economic growth.
Safeguarding 7 USMCA, therefore, remains a central priority of
President Sheinbaum’s foreign and
economic policy.
1
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Nearshoring113
Mexico is experiencing an investment
boom thanks to global supply chain114 shifts
and its proximity115 to the United States.
Sheinbaum aims to support this by maintaining ᎲVFDO VWDELOLW\116 while removing
bottlenecks117 in infrastructure and electricity. She promises simpler procedures for
investors, targeted improvements118 at border crossings119, and a gradual120 opening
for more renewable energy projects, even
as state companies keep a central role. Her
pitch121 is one of pragmatic management
rather than sudden change.
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Presidenta Sheinbaum has promised to
DGMXVW95 the approach of her predecessor96.
While she retains97 social policies to deter98 recruitment into crime, she is putting
greater emphasis on99 intelligence100, policing101 and coordination across agencies.
Her government102 is strengthening the
National Guard103, targeting key criminal
groups and promoting closer cooperation
between federal and state authorities104.
So far, the administration has highlighted arrests and seizures105 while avoiding triumphalist106 language. This is intentional:
present another sigQLࣟFDQWFKDOOHQJHHVSHFLDOO\ZLWK'RQDOG
Trump back in the White House. He has
revived123 either the implementation or
threats124 of WDULᎱV125, and talk of unilateral126 action against Mexican cartels. The
presidenta’s stance127 has been cooperative but ᎲUP128: Mexico will work with the
United States on migration and security,
but without conceding129 its sovereignty.
Her government has increased cooperation in border control and investigations130,
while publicly UHMHFWLQJ131 any suggestion
of US military operations inside Mexico.
This careful balance is constant 132.
When tariffs are threatened, she emphasises Mexico’s cooperation. When American
politicians talk of cross-border strikes133,
she asserts134 national sovereignty. The
aim is to protect Mexico’s trade under
Foreign relations
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50 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
$ZDLWLQJWKH2XWFRPH
A year into her presidency, Claudia
Sheinbaum has shown steady leadership
and pragmatic management. She is a scientist154 by training and a politician by loyalty155,
working to satisfy both her movement’s base
and the business community’s156 demand for
predictability. Her symbolic importance as
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secure, but her lasting legacy157 will depend
on whether she can bring crime down158, manage relations with Washington and channel159
nearshoring into broader development.
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DINOSAURS
ANIMALS IN LOVE
I CAN’T SLEEP!
kwartalnik nr 26/2025
styczeń-marzec 2025
cena: 19,90 zł (w tym 8% VAT)
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Three areas will determine whether
Claudia Sheinbaum’s presidency is seen
as a success:
1. Security: A clear and sustained reduction in homicides148 and extortion149, supported by credible150 investigations and
prosecutions151.
2. Energy and infrastructure: Expanding
capacity152, especially renewables, while
maintaining stability for investors.
3. Relations with the USA: Managing disputes153 with Washington, particularly
over trade and migration, without proYRNLQJFRQ࣠LFWDWKRPH
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THE ASTRONAUT
MY SUPER MUM
kwartalnik nr 27/2025
kwiecień-czerwiec 2025
cena: 19,90 zł (w tym 8% VAT)
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Despite her initiatives, organised crime
remains stubbornly resilient160, and trade disputes with the unpredictable President Trump
are an omnipresent161 Sword of Damocles162.
Yet the Mexican president’s blend163 of technical skill, political capital and favourable
economic conditions gives her an opportunity rarely164 available to Mexican leaders. If
she succeeds, she could be remembered not
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leader who helped turn Mexico’s potential
into long-term prosperity165.
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USMCA (See Fact Box) and to avoid domestic backlash. Investors still see Mexico
as a major EHQHᎲFLDU\135 of nearshoring, but
that FRQᎲGHQFH136 depends on predictable137
rules and calm138 relations.
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careful coordination and measurable outcomes139. Supporters140 see discipline and
professionalism; critics argue it can limit debate and centralise decision-making.
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judges, which have worried some civil society142 groups and businesses. She responds
by stressing143 transparency and results.
She may have a point144, although the ends
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slope146 in the democracy she cherishes147.
ANIMAL YOGA GAM
kwartalnik nr 28/2025
lipiec-wrzesień 2025
cena: 19,90 zł (w tym 8% VAT)
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POBIERZ CZYTNIK KODÓW:
COLORFULMEDIA.PL/CZYTNIK
by Paul Martin from
www.go-native.pl
BUSINESS TRENDS
FEW BRANDS ARE
AS CHERISHED
AS E. WEDEL.
upheaval
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BUSINESS TRENDS
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The fall of communism44 in 1989 triggered45 a wave of reprivatisation. Eager46
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Survivor10
Founded in 1851 by German confectioner11 Karol Wedel, E.Wedel began as a
small Warsaw chocolate shop serving rich
drinking chocolate12 and medicinal sweets.
Under his son Emil’s leadership13, the company expanded14 rapidly, relocating to a
ᎳDJVKLS15 factory and store on Szpitalna
Street. Emil’s personal signature16, still
found on Wedel packaging17 today, became a hallmark of authenticity18, and by
the early 20th century Wedel had grown
into a prestigious family-run business celebrated for its artisanal19 products and elegant branding.
The interwar years20 marked a golden
era, under Emil’s son, Jan. In the 1930s,
Jan built a state-of-the-art21 factory in
Warsaw’s Praga district22 and launched23
Ptasie Mleczko – a ᎳXᎱ\24, chocolate-covered marshmallow25 treat26 that remains
a national favourite. He also pioneered27
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progressive labour practices28, offering employees childcare29, healthcare30 and housing loans. Wedel trucks and advertisements31 became familiar sights32 in Polish
cities, and the brand expanded internationally, with shops in London and Paris.
World War II and the communist period brought immense33 upheaval34. The
Wedel factory was badly damaged during
the Warsaw Uprising35, and, though Jan rebuilt it, the business was nationalised in
1949. Attempts to erase36 the Wedel brand
were quickly reversed37 when authorities38
realised its export value, with the name and
signature logo being quietly restored39. The
company continued as a state-run enterprise40, producing beloved41 classics that
offered a taste of continuity42 and comfort
during turbulent decades.
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54 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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BUSINESS TRENDS
for foreign capital and modern knowhow47, the Polish government48 sold Wedel
to PepsiCo in 1991, who set about49 introducing modern marketing and production standards. Revenues50 soared51, and by
1995 Wedel was posting52 over USD 200
mln in annual53 sales – a sharp rise54 from
the estimated5586'ߟPOQLQWKHࣟnal years of state control.
PepsiCo’s strategy focused on scaling56
the brand beyond Poland. Around ten percent of Wedel’s products were being exported by the late 1990s, mainly to Polish
communities57 abroad, and it was this early
push that laid the groundwork for58 Wedel’s
transition59 from a legacy60 brand into a
more outward-facing business.
In 1999, British confectioner Cadbury
acquired 61 the business, modernising
Wedel’s production facilities62 and expanding research and development 63.
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factory, including upgrades64 to the production line for Ptasie Mleczko. Wedel
also became part of Cadbury’s global network, EHQHᎲWLQJIURP65 supply chain66HIࣟciencies and multinational67 management
techniques. But the partnership68 would be
short-lived. In 2010, US monolith69 Kraft
Foods’ takeover70 of Cadbury prompted71
a competition probe72 by the European
Commission, which ruled73 that Wedel
must be sold off to maintain fair market
competition74.
South Korea’s Lotte Group, one
of Asia’s largest food conglomerates,
emerged75 as the unexpected76 buyer. The
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confectionery investment. Though surprising to some industry watchers77, the partnership has proven to be transformative.
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EMIL WEDEL’S
SIGNATURE BECAME
A HALLMARK OF
AUTHENTICITY – AND
STILL APPEARS ON
THE PACKAGING
TODAY.
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Lotte brought deep pockets78 and global
ambition. Sizeable79 investment of around
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PLN 300 mln has expanded Wedel’s
Warsaw site80 with more new labs and
R&D facilities, new production lines and
expanded warehouse space81, increasing
capacity82 to meet domestic83 and international demand84. Additionally, the creation
of a dedicated chocolate research centre85
has also allowed Wedel to fast-track86 product development.
Wedel’s international presence87 has expanded considerably88 under Lotte. Once
mainly serving Polish expats89 abroad,
Wedel is now eyeing90 mainstream consumers in Western Europe, Asia and beyond. Its treats are increasingly found
in overseas91 supermarkets and are now
stocked92 in around 60 countries. Export
sales multiplied tenfold93 in 15 years, rising
from around PLN 10 mln in the mid-2000s
to PLN 100 mln. The company now aims
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of total revenue.
Poland remains the brand’s home
base94. Wedel is one of the top three chocolate producers in the country, with its overall market share95 ranking alongside that of
Mondelez (maker of Milka) and Ferrero.
Together, these three companies account
for96 approximately 50 percent of Poland’s
chocolate market by value. It commands97
a serious proportion of sales of pralines
(21.9 percent market share) and dominates marshmallow confections98. Ptasie
Mleczko commands nearly 60 percent of
its segment, while its classic dark chocolate bars99 remain national bestsellers. In
2022, Wedel reported PLN 887 mln in revenue, up from PLN 785 mln the year prior.
$5LFKBlend100
Wedel remains anchored101 in tradition,
with its logo, packaging, and even its recipes evoking102 its pre-war103 past. The company has long emphasised104 its 170-year
heritage105, and in 2020, revived its prewar logo and imagery106, bringing back
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PTASIE MLECZKO
COMMANDS
NEARLY 60 PERCENT
OF ITS SEGMENT.
56 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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BUSINESS TRENDS
&KRFRODWH%R[
Check out these confectionary industry terms.
TERM
DEFINITION
Bonbon
A small chocolate sweet with a sugary or liquid centre.
Caramel
A soft, sticky sweet made by heating sugar and mixing it with cream or butter.
Chewing gum / Bubble gum
$࣠DYRXUHGFKHZDEOHVZHHWWKDWGRHVQߥWGLVVROYH%XEEOHJXPFDQEHEORZQ
into bubbles.
Chocolate bar
A moulded chocolate product, often rectangular and segmented. May contain
nuts, caramel, wafers, etc.
Chocolate coating
A layer of chocolate used to cover confections, biscuits or fruit.
Dragee
A sugar – or chocolate-coated nut or piece of fruit.
Filled bar
$FKRFRODWHEDUZLWKRQHRUPRUHOD\HUVRIࣟOOLQJ HJQRXJDWFDUDPHO
cream).
Fudge
A soft, crumbly sweet made with sugar, milk and butter.
Ganache
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Gummy
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etc.
Hard candy (UK: boiled sweet)
A sugar-based sweet that becomes hard when cooled.
Liquorice
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Lollipop
$KDUGVZHHWRQDVWLFNRIWHQIUXLW࣠DYRXUHG
Marshmallow
A soft, spongy confection made from gelatin, sugar and air.
Nougat
A chewy sweet made with sugar or honey, nuts and egg whites.
Praline
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ground caramelised nuts used in chocolate making.
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58 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
BUSINESS TRENDS
iconic visuals107 like its 1920s “boy on a zebra” graphic and vintage108 Wedel script109,
which now appear on modern chocolate
bar wrappers110. The Torcik Wedlowski wafer cake111 is still made with the same recipe it was prior to112 WWII, and is sold in
a 1936-style box, just as Wedel’s pre-war
exports to Paris and London once were.
But it’s no museum piece113. Younger
consumers now snack on Wedel bars, drink
Wedel-branded hot chocolate in its chain
of cafes, or visit the chocolate museum it
opened in 2024; a full-blown114 immersive
experience designed like a giant chocolate bar. Its Pijalnie Czekolady cafes have
popped up115 across the country, blending pre-war cafe ambience116 with modern
menu items117.
Innovation is central to Wedel’s strategy. Its R&D department has launched
VQDFNVL]HGEDUVVHDVRQDO࣠DYRXUVDQG
limited editions that UHᎳHFW118 shifting consumer tastes. Managing Director119 Maciej
Herman has stated that new products acFRXQWIRUDVLJQLࣟFDQWSRUWLRQRIVDOHVHVpecially among younger demographics eager to try “something they don’t know”.
These newer RᎱHULQJV120 sit comfortably
alongside heritage favourites, reinforcing121
Wedel’s richly blended dual image of continuity and change.
costs, along with higher energy prices,
have squeezed136 SURᎲW PDUJLQV137 for all
chocolate manufacturers138, and Wedel has
not been immune139, with the company having to consider140 price increases to RᎱVHW141
expenses.
Competition in Poland’s confectionery market remains ᎲHUFH142. Global players like Mondelez (Milka, Cadbury) and
Ferrero (Kinder, Ferrero Rocher) vie for143
consumers alongside domestic rivals such
as Wawel and Colian (Goplana). At the
same time, discount supermarket chains
like Biedronka and Lidl have triggered
a price war144, selling branded chocolates
at ultra-low prices to draw in145 shoppers.
Wedel’s management146 warns this trend
risks eroding147 premium brand perceptions148, as constant discounting may undermine149 the value of its heritage and
quality150.
Still, Wedel has history on its side and
few brands enjoy such emotional capital.
For a company that has survived war, occupation, communism, nationalisation and
capitalism, the next challenge is simple by
comparison151: remaining the go-to152 name
in Polish chocolate while quietly going
global.
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The confectionery market in Poland – as
elsewhere – has been dealing with economic headwinds125 that affect both producers and consumers.
One major issue is the surge126 in input costs127, with prices for key ingredients climbing steeply128 in recent times129:
for example, global sugar prices roughly130 doubled over the course of131 2022,
and dairy products132 and other inputs also
saw significant inflation. Most notably,
the cost of cocoa, the natural lifeblood133
of chocolate makers, hit record highs in
2023, soaring from under GBP 2,000 per
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60 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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TRAVEL
M
exico is a country of remarkable6 contrasts, stretching
across7 a vast area8 of North
America and bridging cultures, landscapes9 and histories. It shares
its northern border10 with the United States,
and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Its
western shores11DUHZDVKHGE\WKH3DFLࣟF
Ocean, while the Gulf of Mexico and the
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Caribbean Sea shape12 its eastern coastline13. With a land area of nearly two million km2, Mexico is the 14th largest country in the world, and its diverse geography
makes it one of the most varied14.
The country is dominated by the highland 15 Mexican Plateau, which dominates much of its interior16. This plateau is
ᎳDQNHGE\17 the Sierra Madre Occidental
in the west, and the Sierra Madre Oriental
in the east, which form part of the greater
American Cordillera that runs the length of
the continent. The Sierra Madre del Sur, in
the south, adds further elevation18, and the
central volcanic belt contains some of the
highest peaks19, including Pico de Orizaba,
which is the tallest mountain in Mexico at
over 5,600 metres.
Mexico’s varied landscapes include desert regions in the north, tropical rainforests20 in the south, fertile21 valleys22 and
extensive23 coastlines. This geographical
richness24 contributes to a wide range25
of climates, from arid26 conditions27 in
10
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TRAVEL
MEXICO’S VARIED
LANDSCAPES
INCLUDE DESERT
REGIONS IN THE
NORTH, TROPICAL
RAINFORESTS
IN THE SOUTH,
FERTILE VALLEYS
AND EXTENSIVE
COASTLINES.
states such as Chihuahua and Sonora, to
humid28 tropical weather in Chiapas and
the Yucatán Peninsula. Such diversity
has shaped not only the country’s agriculture29 and settlement patterns30, but also
its cultural and ecological variety, making Mexico a nation of great regional
distinctions31.
With over 125 million inhabitants32,
Mexico is the most populous33 Spanishspeaking country in the world and the second most populous in Latin America after
Brazil. Not surprisingly, this proud nation34
has produced talented people who have
made their mark on the world stage35. (See
Notable Mexicans).
Many Mexicans identify as mestizo36
(of mixed indigenous37 and European descent38), though sizeable39 indigenous communities40 remain, preserving41 distinct42
languages, customs43 and traditions. More
than 60 recognised44 indigenous groups
live across the country, with the Nahua,
Maya, Zapotec and Mixtec among the
most prominent456SDQLVKLVWKHRIࣟFLDO
language, but more than 60 indigenous
languages are still spoken, particularly in
rural areas46.
Mexico’s population is young by global
standards, with a median age47 in the late
twenties, although there is a gradual48 shift
towards an ageing society49 as healthcare50
and life expectancy51 improve. The PDMRULty52 live in urban areas53, with Mexico City,
the capital54, ranking among the largest
metropolitan areas in the world at more
than 20 million people. Other major urban
centres include Guadalajara, Monterrey
and Puebla. Yet, despite rapid urbanisation, rural traditions and identities55 remain
strong across much of the country.
Religion is deeply woven into 56
Mexican society. Overwhelmingly 57
Christian, Roman Catholicism has been
the dominant faith58 since its introduction59
by Spanish colonisers in the 16th century.
Religious festivals, rituals and traditions
play a central role in everyday life, from
the nationwide60 celebrations61 of Día de los
Muertos to the pilgrimages62 to the Basilica
of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a VLJQLᎲFDQW63
Catholic shrine64 and pilgrimage destination65. Religion has LQᎳXHQFHG66 politics,
education and social norms67, and continues to shape Mexico’s cultural identity68.
Millions of Mexicans live abroad69, the
YDVWPDMRULW\70 in the United States, making
Mexico one of the world’s largest sources71 of emigrants. Economic opportunity72,
family ties73 and the search for better living
standards have driven this movement for
decades. At the same time, migration has
created tensions74, particularly concerning illegal entry75 into the United States.
Despite strengthened76 border controls77
and complex political debate, large numbers of Mexicans have crossed the border
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employment78 in agriculture, construction
and services79. In recent years80, the ᎳRZ81
has slowed, compared with its peak in the
late 20th century, but migration remains
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62 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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TRAVEL
home by Mexicans abroad form a vital
part84 of the national economy, supporting
millions of households85 across the country.
People have lived in the region for
thousands of years. The Olmecs established86 one of the earliest organised societies around 1200 BC, leaving behind87
colossal stone heads. Later came the Maya
in the south and the Yucatán Peninsula,
famed for their achievements88 in astronomy, mathematics and architecture, producing monumental cities such as Chichen
Itza and Palenque. In central Mexico, the
city of Teotihuacan rose to prominence89
between the first and seventh centuries AD, with its enormous90 pyramids
standing as enduring91 symbols of preColumbian civilisation.
By the fourteenth century, the Aztec
Empire dominated central Mexico. From
their capital at Tenochtitlan, on the site of
present-day Mexico City, the Aztecs controlled much of the surrounding region
through military might92, tribute93, and an
elaborate94 social and religious system.
Their empire was at its height95 when
Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán
Cortés arrived in 1519. Within two years,
the Aztec Empire fell, due largely to superior96 weaponry, alliances with rival tribes97,
and devastating98 epidemics brought by the
Europeans.
Spanish rule99 lasted for nearly three
centuries, becoming a vital part of the
Spanish Empire. Mexico was a source of
immense wealth100, through silver mining101
and agriculture, but colonial society was
based on inequality102 and the exploitation103
of indigenous peoples. Over time, resentment104 grew, and in the early 19th century, independence movements105 spread
across106 Latin America. In Mexico, the
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Father Miguel Hidalgo’s call to arms107,
84
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63
31 5$+
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Frida Kahlo – painter, famed for vivid1
self-portraits.
Octavio Paz – Nobel Prize-winning poet and
essayist2.
Carlos Santana – world-renowned3 guitarist
blending rock and Latin rhythms.
Salma Hayek – internationally recognised
actress and producer.
Guillermo del Toro,
Alfonso Cuarón, and Alejandro
G. Iñárritu – Oscar-winning ᎲOP
directors4.
Mario Molina – Nobel Prize-winning chemist for work on the ozone layer5.
Guillermo González Camarena – inventor
of a colour television system.
remembered as the “Grito de
Dolores.” After a decade of con࣠LFW0H[LFRࣟQDOO\DFKLHYHGLQ
dependence from Spain in 1821.
The years that followed were
turbulent108, with invasions and
territorial losses109, most notably110, the ceding111 of vast northern lands to the United States after the Mexican-American War
in 1848. The 19th century also
witnessed 112 the short-lived 113
reign114 of Emperor Maximilian,
imposed115 by French forces, and
the eventual116 restoration117 of
the republic under Benito Juárez.
In the 20th century, the
Mexican Revolution, beginning
in 1910, reshaped the country.
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land, democracy and VRFLDOMXV
tice118 toppled119 the long-standing120 dictatorship121 of Porfirio
Díaz and paved the way122 for
major reforms. A new constitution, adopted123 in 1917, established the foundations of124 modern Mexican political and social
life, including land redistribution125 and workers’ rights126. Fast
forward to the present 127, and
Mexico is a democratic federal
republic composed of128 32 states.
Kukulcán with its striking134 pyramid structure, was once a major
centre of the Maya world and is
108
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Hugo Sánchez – legendary footballer, Real
Madrid star.
Julio César Chávez – world champion boxer, national sports hero.
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126
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Mexico’s rich history and diverse landscape make it an attractive destination for history
buffs129, culture vultures130 and
sunworshippers131 alike.
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64 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
Across the country lie the remains132 of the civilisations that
flourished133 here. Perhaps the
most famous site is Chichen
Itza, located on the Yucatán
Peninsula. This vast complex,
dominated by the Temple of
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SODľRZLF]
URELÇF\ZUDľHQLH
today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Equally impressive is Teotihuacan, north
of Mexico City, known for its Avenue of
the Dead, the Pyramid of the Sun, and
the Pyramid of the Moon. At its height,
(around 100–550 CE), Teotihuacan was
one of the largest cities in the ancient
world, estimated135 at around 150,000
inhabitants136.
Other notable137 Maya sites include
Palenque in Chiapas, set amidst138 tropical
jungle and admired139IRULWVࣟQHcarvings140
and temple structures, and Uxmal, with its
distinctive141 oval-shaped Pyramid of the
Magician. In Oaxaca, the hilltop142 ruins of
Monte Albán demonstrate the sophistication143 of the Zapotec civilisation, with panoramic views of the valley below.
Alongside its pre-Columbian sites,
Mexico also boasts144 PDJQLᎲFHQW145 colonial cities that preserve the legacy146 of
Spanish rule. Towns such as San Miguel
de Allende, Guanajuato and Puebla are
admired for their colourful147 streets, ornate148 churches and historic squares149.
Each combines European architectural in࣠XHQFHZLWK0H[LFDQFXOWXUHRIIHULQJD
striking contrast to the ancient ruins.
Mexico City is a destination in its
own right, with the vast Zócalo Square,
the Metropolitan Cathedral, and the
National Palace, as well as world-class
museums such as the National Museum
of Anthropology. It is worth allocating150
a few days of your visit to explore the
grand151 capital.
Complementing its historical and cultural attractions, Mexico is equally famous for its beaches and resort towns152.
With thousands of kilometres of coastline
(See Mexico in numbers), the country offers a wide variety of seaside153 destinations, from bustling154 resorts to secluded155
bays1562QWKH3DFLࣟFFRDVW$FDSXOFRKDV
a long tradition as a glamorous157 retreat158,
while Puerto Vallarta combines beaches
with a lively159 cultural scene. Further north,
the Baja California Peninsula is home to
Cabo San
Lucas and
San José del
Cabo, popular
for their luxury
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and dramatic160 coastal
scenery161.
On the Caribbean side of the
country, the Riviera Maya is one of
the country’s most popular tourist regions.
Stretching south from Cancún along the
Yucatán Peninsula, it dazzles162 with white
sandy beaches and coral reefs163. Cancún is
known for its modern164 hotels and vibrant
nightlife165, while Playa del Carmen offers
a more chilled166 atmosphere. Close by is
the island of Cozumel, famous among divers167 for its crystal-clear waters and extensive168 reefs.
The combination of beach life with
nearby historical sites, such as the FOLᎱ
top169 ruins of Tulum, makes the region
especially attractive to international visitors, who can appease170 their guilt171 in
lazy172 beach days through a few cultural
excursions173.
Mexico’s beaches are not only for relaxation, but also for outdoor activities174.
Snorkelling175GLYLQJVDLOLQJDQGVXUࣟQJ
are widely available, and the country’s
biodiversity176 adds an extra dimension177,
from whale watching178 off Baja California
to exploring cenotes – natural sinkholes179
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࢘
65
TRAVEL
&21-81&7,21&$51,9$/
Choose the correct subordinating conjunction
to complete the sentences.
1. Mexico is the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world,
__________ Brazil remains the largest country in Latin America by
population.
A) because B) whereas C) if
2. Visitors often combine ancient ruins with beach holidays, __________ the
country offers such a variety of experiences.
A) although B) since C) because
5HOLJLRQKDVLQ࣠XHQFHGSROLWLFVHGXFDWLRQDQGVRFLDOQRUPVBBBBBBBBBBLW
has been present in Mexican society for centuries.
A) while B) since C) whereas
4. The Riviera Maya attracts millions of tourists each year, __________
hurricanes sometimes disrupt the region in the wet season.
A) although B) if C) because
5. Spanish colonial rule lasted __________ Mexico achieved independence in
1821.
A) although B) until C) since
BBBBBBBBBBPDQ\WUDYHOOHUVVWLOOࣟQGLWIDVFLQDWLQJ0H[LFR&LW\LV
crowded and polluted.
A) if B) even though C) since
7. The Aztec Empire was powerful, but it collapsed quickly __________
Hernán Cortés allied with rival tribes.
A) as B) whereas C) although
7UDYHOOHUVFDQࣟQGFKHDSHU࣠LJKWVYLD0DGULGRU3DULVBBBBBBBBBBWKH\
are willing to connect through Europe.
A) while B) since C) if
millions of PRQDUFKEXWWHUᎳLHV199 migrate
to the ᎲU IRUHVWV200 of Michoacán, a phenomenon that draws tourists from around
the world. Similarly, the winter months
see grey whales201DUULYHDORQJWKH3DFLࣟF
coast, particularly near Baja California,
where whale-watching excursions are
among the highlights202 of eco-tourism.
What makes Mexico particularly appealing203 is the ability to combine these
experiences within a single trip. Visitors
can explore ancient pyramids one day, hike
through mountain landscapes the next, and
ࣟQLVKWKHLUMRXUQH\RQD sun-drenched204
beach. Few destinations offer such a balance of cultural depth205, natural wonder206
and leisure207 opportunities.
180
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187
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189
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190
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191
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192
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193
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197
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200
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Answers: 1. B, 2. C, 3. B, 4. A, 5. B, 6. B, 7. A, 8. C
VWDQRZLVNRDUFKHRORJLF]QH
Beyond the coasts, Mexico’s varied
geography makes it a superb180 destination for nature and adventure tourism. The
Copper Canyon in Chihuahua, a network181
of vast gorges182 larger and deeper than the
Grand Canyon in places, attracts hikers183,
climbers, and those who take the famous
&KLKXDKXDDO3DF¯ࣟFR railway184 journey
through breathtaking185 scenery. In central
Mexico, the Nevado de Toluca and Pico de
Orizaba mountains provide186 myriad187 opportunities for trekking and mountaineering, while the Sierra Madre ranges188 offer
rugged189 landscapes ideal for eco-tourism.
Forests and jungles in the south host190
some of the country’s greatest biodiversity. Visitors to Chiapas and the Lacandon
Jungle encounter191 waterfalls192, tropical wildlife and remote193 archaeological
sites194 hidden within dense195 vegetation196.
The Yucatán Peninsula, as well as its ruins
and beaches, features197 extensive underground rivers and caves, popular among
divers and explorers198.
Mexico also provides unique natural
spectacles. Between December and March,
66 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
ZÛGURZQ\
TRAVEL
,NMTLDMSSNSGD,DWHB@M1DUNKTSHNM
ALONGSIDE ITS
PRE-COLUMBIAN
SITES, MEXICO
ALSO BOASTS
MAGNIFICENT
COLONIAL CITIES
THAT PRESERVE
THE LEGACY OF
SPANISH RULE.
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7KHUH
The best time to visit depends on your
plans. The dry season208, from November
to April, is generally considered ideal
for sightseeing209 in cities, exploring ancient ruins and enjoying outdoor activities
without heavy rain210. Inland211 areas such
as Mexico City and the central highlands
are cooler than the coast, with average daytime temperatures of 20 – 25°C, dropping
noticeably212 at night. By contrast, coastal
resorts such as Cancún, the Riviera Maya,
and Baja California enjoy warmer conditions, typically between 26 – 30°C, making
them perfect for a beach holiday. The wet
season213 runs from May to October, when
showers214 are more frequent215 and the risk
of hurricanes increases, particularly on the
Caribbean coast, though prices are often
lower and the landscapes lusher216.
For European travellers, GLUHFWᎳLJKWV217
are available from major European hubs218
including London, Paris, Madrid and
Frankfurt to Mexico City and Cancún.
$QDOWHUQDWLYHLV࣠\LQJ via219 the United
States, with connections220 through cities
such as Dallas, Houston, or Miami. This
can sometimes provide cheaper fares221 but
requires passing through222 US immigration223, which has become more challenging of late224.
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points226, with FKDUWHUᎳLJKWV227 and seasonal
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ANCIENT PYRAMIDS ONE
DAY, HIKE THROUGH
MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
THE NEXT, AND FINISH THEIR
JOURNEY ON
A SUN-DRENCHED BEACH.
deals available, especially to Cancún.
Booking in advance228 makes a big difference, particularly during peak European
holiday periods229 around Christmas and
Easter. So, unless you are loaded230 and
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spend a bit of time shopping around232 for
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\RXPLJKWࣟQGD package holiday234 via a
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having totted up236 all the costs.
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Mexican cuisine237 is celebrated worldwide238 for its bold239࣠DYRXUVDQGULFKKHUitage, blending indigenous Mesoamerican
traditions with Spanish, African and other
LQ࣠XHQFHV&RUQbeans240 and chillies form
the base of many dishes241, often complemented by rice, fresh herbs242 and a variety of sauces.
Among the most iconic foods are tacos, small tortillas filled with meats,
seafood243, beans and vegetables, usually garnished with244 salsa, onions, coriander245 and lime. Other staples246 include
enchiladas, tamales and quesadillas, each
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and spice247. Chillis are central to Mexican
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Tequila and mezcal, distilled from the
agave250 plant, are Mexico’s most famous
spirits251. Tequila comes from Jalisco, while
mezcal is produced more widely and often has a smoky252 flavour. Both can be
sipped 253 neat 254 or mixed in cocktails.
Other traditional drinks include pulque,
a fermented agave beverage255, and agua
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drinks.
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68 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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ϰϲƟƚůĞĚ͗Claudia Sheinbaum –
Mexico’s First Presidenta.
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international gourmet257 scene. Chefs258,
such as Enrique Olvera and Martha Ortiz,
reinterpret traditional dishes like mole or
tamales using modern techniques, while
showcasing259 native260 ingredients such
as corn, cacao, herbs and edible flowers. Restaurants in Mexico City, Oaxaca
and Guadalajara are particularly noted
for this creative approach261, combining
cultural authenticity with sophisticated
presentation.
Mexican desserts and street foods are
worth sampling262&KXUURV࣠DQDQGWUHV
leches cake satisfy sweet cravings263, while
markets offer elotes (grilled corn), tropical
fruits and spiced snacks264. Fresh salsas and
condiments265 allow diners to DGMXVW heat
DQG࣠DYRXUto266 taste.
From humble267 street tacos to inventive268 high-end cuisine, Mexican food and
GULQNUH࣠HFWWKHFRXQWU\ߥVJHRJUDSK\KLVtory and cultural diversity. Every meal offers a taste of Mexico’s regions and centuries of culinary tradition, ensuring269
࣠DYRXUVWKDWDUHYLEUDQWYDULHGDQGunforgettable270. It is a foodie’s271 dream come
true272.
6RPEUHURVat the Ready273
Whether you want to explore fascinating relics274 of previously advanced
Mexican civilisations, promenade275 along
colonial vistas276, or drink a Tequila Sunrise
on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico has a
heady277 and colourful mixture of experiences awaiting you. If it isn’t already, it is
one to add to the bucket list278.
• 1,964,000 km2 – land area (14th
largest country in the world).
߮ NPߟFRDVWOLQH 3DFLࣟF
Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean).
• 129 million – (2025 estimate of
Mexico population).
• 22 million – population of the
capital, Mexico City.
• 4,448 km – extent1 of borders with the United States,
Guatemala, and Belize.
• 5,636 m – Highest point: Pico
de Orizaba, the tallest volcano in
North America.
• 77 – percentage of population
identifying as Roman Catholic.
• 75 – Average life expectancy2.
• 24 – homicides3 per 100,000 people (2023), though safer tourist
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• 40 million – annual international
visitors (pre-pandemic levels).
• 35 – UNESCO World Heritage
Sites.
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ernard Marr was born in
Germany, and grew up near
Hamburg in a family that valued education, analytical thinking and curiosity10. Though details of his
early family life are relatively private, it
is clear that this background11 instilled in12
him the importance13 of learning and applying14 knowledge15 to real-world16 challenges.
He later settled17 in the United Kingdom,
where he built his career and family life.
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professional achievements19 and personal
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70 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
MANAGING PEOPLE
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Cambridge Judge Business School and
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From the beginning, he was drawn to
the potential of data and emerging29 technologies to change how organisations operate. His early work involved consultancy
roles where he quickly earned a reputation30 for turning abstract business strategies into actionable31 results.
He became known for bridging the
gap32 between technical innovation and
boardroom decision-making33. Rather than
speaking in MDUJRQ34 or presenting complex
theories without application, Marr developed a style centred on practical frameworks35 and examples. This ability to interpret and explain the complicated in simple
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his career.
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companies and institutions worldwide39 began to realise the importance of digital
transformation. He founded40 his own adYLVRU\ࣟUP%HUQDUG0DUU &RZKLFK
positioned him as a consultant to some
of the most recognisable41 names in global business.
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trust43 he commands44: Amazon, Google,
Microsoft, Shell, Toyota, AstraZeneca,
NATO and the Bank of England are
among45 those who have sought his expertise46. Whether advising a tech giant,
a pharmaceutical innovator or a government institution47, His insights48 cover49
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metaverse51 (see Fact Box), digital culture, and the evolving relationship between
technology and people.
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books, many of which have become international bestsellers. His works are translated into multiple languages, extending52
his influence53 far beyond the Englishspeaking world.
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accessible55 guides56 for managers navigating digital change57. Some of his bestknown books include Big Data in Practice,
Artificial Intelligence in Practice, Tech
Trends in Practice and Business Trends in
Practice. These volumes58 are characterised by a combination of theory, case studies59 and practical advice. His approach60
makes the material relevant61 for executives62, entrepreneurs63 and professionals
who need to apply ideas quickly.
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writer of articles, opinion pieces65 and reports. He contributes regularly to66 business publications and online platforms,
where he comments on everything from
the ethical use of AI to the skills67 future
employees68 will need. His ability69 to explain emerging trends in everyday language70 has made him a reliable source71
for readers who want insight without
hype72.
Beyond writing, Marr is a highly
sought after keynote speaker73. He has
presented at international conferences,
corporate events74 and government gatherings75. His speaking style mirrors76 his
writing: direct77, engaging78 and rooted in79
HE COMMENTS ON
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72 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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MANAGING PEOPLE
practical application80. Audiences81 value
his ability to make them think and act82.
He also teaches, offering executive education and workshops83 for leaders who
must steer their organisations through
transformation. His sessions often combine storytelling84 with data-driven evidence85, ensuring that participants86 leave
with both inspiration and concrete tools87.
Drawn from his books, public speaking
and training events, some commonly used88
Marr quotes89 are as follows:
“Data is nothing without strategy.”
“It doesn’t matter how much data you
have; it’s whether you use it successfully
that counts.”
“Using real-world data to train AI can
introduce the same biases90 that plague91
our human decision-making92.”
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Marr’s advice to businesses consistently returns to a few central themes. The
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companies need to align new tools with93
strategy, culture and people. He stresses94 that data and AI should be used responsibly95, not simply because they are
fashionable96.
He also underlines97 the importance
of continuous learning. As digital tools
evolve, employees at all levels must refresh98 their skills and adapt99 their mindsets100. For Marr, the successful organisations of the future will be those that
embrace101 agility102, curiosity and ethical
responsibility.
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The Metaverse is a network of 3D
virtual worlds where people interact through avatars. Blending augmented1 and virtual reality2, it supports3 gaming, work, shopping and
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next stage of the internet, though
its potential and risks are still being
explored.
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When advising individuals, Marr often
highlights103 the value of clarity104. Whether
leading a team or shaping105 a career, peo-
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ple should focus on understanding what
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matters106, then taking decisive action107.
He believes in simplifying complexity108,
cutting through noise109 and helping others
see a clear path110 forward.
1. Early in his career, Bernard Marr helped business leaders (i l r e s a i e)
______ that data could reshape their organisations.
2. His clear writing style enables readers to (s t a n d e u r n) ______
complicated digital trends without confusion.
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intelligence matters for everyday decisions.
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4. In his books, he uses case studies to ( t g i h l h g i h) ______ the practical
impact of new technologies.
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6. During talks, he often pauses to (o e t n) ______ that success also depends
on culture and people, not only tools.
7. His work encourages leaders to (d s e n c i r) ______ the risks as well as the
opportunities in innovation.
8. He has a rare talent for helping executives (t r e n i t e r p) ______ patterns
hidden in vast amounts of data.
Answers: 1. realise, 2. understand, 3. explain, 4. highlight, 5. recognise,
6. note, 7. discern 8. interpret
by business schools, executives and consultants across the globe. His consultancy
work has helped some of the largest organisations on the planet adapt to digital change.
His articles and social media presence112
reach113 millions, shaping how leaders and
employees alike114 think about the future.
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has shaped the conversation about data and
technology. At a time when many voices either over-hype115 the potential of AI or dismiss116 its challenges, Marr offers a balanced
perspective117. He champions118 innovation
but insists on119 responsibility. He sees opportunity but recognises risks. This balanced
voice has made him a trusted authority120.
What makes Marr stand out121 is not only
his professional achievements but also his
grounded outlook122. He is open about valuing family life and about the importance
of personal balance. This perspective adds
credibility123 when he speaks about the human side of digital change. Technology, in
his view, should serve people, not the other
way round124. His message is that future success will be built not only on algorithms and
platforms but also on trust, collaboration125
and human creativity.
5. Companies began to (g s o c e r e n i) ______ his reputation as a trusted
authority on digital transformation.
continue guiding organisations and individuals through these changes.
He is likely to keep writing, speaking and
advising at the highest level, and be worth
listening to. Bernard Marr is not simply predicting131 the future of business; he is helping
to shape it.
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As the pace of technological change
accelerates, Bernard Marr’s work remains
KLJKO\UHOHYDQW$UWLࣟFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH automation128, data ethics and the future of
work are issues129 that dominate boardrooms
and policy debates130. Marr is well placed to
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Pay Attention126
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74 | BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
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Raising prices1 can feel risky for solo
entrepreneurs2. Too high, and you risk
losing clients. Too low, and you end up
working harder for less. In this dialogue,
Anna, a freelance designer, talks with her
friend Maya, a business coach, about how
to reframe3 the fear, handle4 pushback5,
and start charging what she’s truly worth.
Maya: You look tense6. Everything okay?
Anna: I have been stuck on7 something
for weeks. It sounds small, but it is eating at me.
Maya: Try me8.
Anna: It’s my rates. I’ve been charging9
the same fee10 since I started freelancing,
two years ago.
Maya: Two years?
Anna:<HDK$WࣟUVW,ZDVMXVWKDSS\WR
get clients. I didn't want to scare anyone
off, so I set my rates low and kept them
there. But now costs have gone up, the
projects are bigger, and I feel like I am
working harder than ever. And yet I am
still charging beginner rates.
Maya: And what is stopping you from
raising11 them?
Anna: Fear. If I push too hard, they will
walk away.
Maya: Or they will respect you more.
You would be surprised.
Anna: My biggest client has been with
me since the start. They rely on12 me for
everything: branding, social posts, even
presentation decks. But I cannot shake
the thought13 that if I raise prices, they
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Maya: That is not a pricing problem,
Anna. That is a FRQᎲGHQFH14 problem.
Anna: Ouch.
Maya: I mean it kindly. You are good
at what you do. Your portfolio proves it.
But keeping your rates frozen is like saying to yourself, “I have not grown.” And
you have.
Anna: I know. But saying it to a client
feels so awkward. Like I am breaking
some unspoken rule.
Maya: The only rule is this: if you undervalue yourself15, others will too.
Anna: I hear you. But what do I even
say? “Hey, I cost more now”?
Maya: No. Try this: “To continue delivering the quality and attention you expect, my rates will increase16 as of next
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Anna: That sounds less scary.
Maya:([DFWO\&RQࣟGHQFHZLWKRXWDU
rogance. You are not asking permission.
You are informing them.
Anna: What if they push back17?
Maya: Then you have options. You can
offer a smaller package at the old rate18.
That way they can still work with you,
but you are not giving away your time.
Anna: And if they say, “We will find
someone cheaper”?
Maya: Then let them. Clients who only
chase the lowest price will never be your
best clients. Losing them makes room for
the right ones.
Anna: Easier said than done.
Maya: True. But think about it. Every
time you take underpriced19 work, you
are saying yes to the wrong opportunity. And that means you are saying no to
something better.
Anna: Right. Every yes to undercharging20 is a no to growth.
Maya: Exactly.
Anna: I can picture sending the email,
but my heart races. What if they are
offended?
1
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Maya: Offended? Anna, businesses adMXVW21 prices all the time. Coffee shops,
gyms, software companies. Nobody
gasps in shock22. Why should your services be any different?
Anna: Because it is personal, I guess. I
am not a faceless company.
Maya: That is exactly why you should
raise them. Clients are not paying just
for design. They are paying for you, for
your creativity, reliability23, and the fact
you save them time and stress.
Anna: I guess.
Maya: And remember, clients who value you will stay. Those who do not? Let
them go.
Anna: I think I can do this.
Maya: You can. And once you do, you
will never look back.
Anna: Let me ask you something else.
How much should I raise them? Ten percent? Twenty? Double?
Maya: Do not think in percentages.
Think in value. If your client is making
ten times back from your work, a 20 percent raise is nothing to them. Ask yourself: what is the outcome24 worth to them?
Anna: So not just what my time is worth,
but what the result is worth?
Maya: Exactly. That is called valuebased pricing. Instead of25 selling hours,
you sell outcomes.
Anna: That feels bold26.
Maya: Bold, yes, but honest. If your designs help them win a contract worth
a hundred thousand, why are you charging27 them like you are just moving pixels around?
Anna: When you put it like that, my current rates are almost embarrassing28.
Maya: You are not alone. Especially
women entrepreneurs. Studies show
women often charge less, ask for less,
and wait longer to raise prices. It is a conᎲGHQFHJDS29, not a skills gap.
Anna: So this is also about gender30,
then?
Maya: Partly. Women are conditioned to
be “nice” and avoid31FRQ࣠LFW%XWUXQ
ning a business means you have to advocate for yourself32.
Anna: That makes sense. But how do
I avoid going too far the other way, like
scaring off clients with a sudden big
jump?
Maya: You manage the transition. Give
notice33, explain clearly, and maybe offer
loyalty discounts34 for long-term clients.
For example: “From next quarter, my
standard package will be X. As a valued
client, I am happy to keep you at Y for
the next six months.” That softens things.
Anna: I like that.
Maya: Exactly. It is about balance.
Anna: And should I raise everyone’s
rates at once, or one client at a time?
Maya: Strategically. Start with the clients
who take the most energy for the least
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you raise your rates, those clients leave,
and suddenly you have freed space for
better ones.
Anna: So it is not just about more money,
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Maya: Yes. And that is the hidden beneࣟW5DLVLQJUDWHVࣟOWHUV\RXUFOLHQWEDVH
The ones who stay are the ones who really see your value.
Anna: That actually35 excites me. Like I
could design my client list, not just accept
whoever comes along.
Maya: Exactly. You are not just raising
prices. You are redesigning your business.
Anna: Okay. But let us roleplay. Say you
are my client and I have to tell you the
news.
Maya: All right. Go for it.
Anna: Hi Maya, thanks for your continued trust in my design services. To keep
delivering the same level of quality and
attention, I will be increasing my rates
starting next month.
0D\D DVFOLHQW That is disappointing,
Anna. We had not budgeted for that.
Anna: I understand. One option is to reduce the number of posts each month to
keep the price the same. But if you would
like to keep the full package, the new rate
will apply36.
0D\D GURSSLQJ WKH UROH Perfect.
Clear and steady. You gave a choice without backing down37.
Anna: That actually felt good.
Maya: That is the magic. Once you practice, it becomes second nature.
Anna: You know what? I think I am
ready. Tonight, I will draft the email.
21
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BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
Tomorrow, I will practice the script out
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Maya: That’s the spirit38. And once you
hit send39, I guarantee the world will not
collapse. In fact, it will probably expand40.
Anna: Expand?
Maya: Yes. You will feel lighter, prouder, and more in control. And that energy
attracts better clients.
Anna: You always make it sound so
simple.
Maya: It is. It is not about raising numbers. It is about raising standards. Once
you do this, you will never go back to beginner rates again.
38
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bWRH[SDQGWɌȬNVʊS¨QGUR]ZLQÇÉVLÛ
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Language for discussing rates,
value, and charging clients.
• rates – the amount of money
charged for work or services
She realised her rates had not
changed in two years.
• raise your rates – to increase
the amount you charge clients
It can feel risky to raise your
UDWHVEXWLWVKRZVFRQࣞGHQFH
߮XQGHUFKDUJH – to ask for less
money than something is worth
Freelancers often undercharge
when they start out.
߮YDOXHEDVHGSULFLQJ – setting
DSULFHEDVHGRQWKHEHQHࣟWWR
the client, not hours worked
With value-based pricing, Anna
linked her fees to the results she
created.
߮SDFNDJH – a set of services
VROGWRJHWKHUDWDࣟ[HGSULFH
She offered a smaller package to
clients who could not afford the
new rate.
߮SHUFHQWDJHLQFUHDVH – a way
of expressing how much prices
rise (10%, 20%, etc.)
,QVWHDGRIDࣟDWIHH0D\DVXJgested thinking in terms of a percentage increase.
߮VFRSHRIZRUN – the agreed
tasks and responsibilities in a
project
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scope of work without raising
the budget.
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Language for managing communication and boundaries with
clients.
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Some clients will push back
when you raise prices.
߮OR\DOW\GLVFRXQW – a lower rate
given to long-term or repeat
customers
She offered a loyalty discount
during the transition period.
߮QRWLFHSHULRG – the amount
of time given before a change
takes effect
Anna gave clients thirty days’
notice of the new rates.
߮ZDONDZD\ – to end a business
relationship or deal
If the client only wanted the
cheapest option, she was ready
to walk away.
߮ࣟOWHULQJFOLHQWV – the process
of keeping clients who value
your work and letting go of
those who do not
5DLVLQJUDWHVLVRQHZD\RIࣞOtering clients.
߮HVFDODWLRQ – when an issue is
passed to a higher level or person for resolution
Maya asked, “When the client
wants escalation, who do they
call?”
&RQƩGHQFH
0LQGVHW
Language for talking about
self-worth, boundaries, and
professionalism.
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7KHJHQGHUFRQࣞGHQFHJDSRIWHQ
leads women to charge less.
• stand your ground – to stay
ࣟUPLQ\RXUGHFLVLRQGHVSLWH
pressure
Anna had to stand her ground
when clients resisted her new
pricing.
߮DGYRFDWHIRU\RXUVHOI – to
speak up for your own value
and needs
Running a business means you
must advocate for yourself.
߮VLJQDOFRQࣟGHQFH – to send
a message of professionalism
and self-belief through your
actions
5DLVLQJSULFHVVLJQDOVFRQࣞdence to clients.
߮DSRORJHWLF – showing unnecessary regret in tone or language
She practised saying the
new rate without sounding
apologetic.
• reframe – to see or explain
something in a new, more positive way
Maya helped Anna reframe raising prices as a sign of growth,
not greed.
߮RZQHUVKLS – taking full responsibility and pride in your
work
Holacracy was about shared
ownership, and so was Anna’s
new approach to pricing
77
INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE BOOK & FILM REVIEWS
%DQNV\ EF 0DODOD<RXVDI]DL E 5REHUW5HGIRUG is an anonymous British street artist,
DFWLYLVWDQGࣟOPPDNHUZKRVHstencilled1
works fuse satire with political critique.
Emerging from2%ULVWROߥVJUDIࣟWLVFHQHLQ
the 1990s, he gained notoriety for3 provocative murals lampooning4 war, capitalism and authority. Iconic images such
as Girl with Balloon and The Flower
Thrower have become cultural touchstones5, while stunts like the shredding6
of Love Is in the Bin at Sotheby’s (2018)
cemented his anti-establishment ethos.
Beyond street walls, Banksy has staged7
disruptive8 projects including Dismaland
(2015) and a hotel in Bethlehem overlooking the separation barrier. Fiercely
protective of his anonymity, he remains
one of the most enigmatic and commerFLDOO\YDOXDEOHࣟJXUHVLQFRQWHPSRUDU\
art.
is a Pakistani activist and the youngest
Nobel Peace Prize laureate, recognised
globally for championing girls’ education. Growing up in the Swat Valley, she
blogged anonymously for the BBC at the
age of 11 about life under Taliban rule,
where schooling for girls9 was banned10.
In 2012, she survived an assassination
attempt11, which propelled her onto the
world stage. Her memoir I Am Malala
(2013) became an international bestseller,
amplifying12 her message. As co-founder
of the Malala Fund, she campaigns for 12
years of free, safe, quality education for
HYHU\JLUOHVSHFLDOO\LQFRQ࣠LFW]RQHV$
graduate of Oxford University, she continues to press13 governments, the UN
and civil society to prioritise education
as a universal right.
was an American actor, director, producer, and environmentalist14 whose career spanned six decades. Rising to stardom15 in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance
Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973), he
combined charisma with thoughtful role
choices. He won an Academy Award
for Best Director with Ordinary People
DQGODWHUGLUHFWHGDFFODLPHGࣟOPV
such as A River Runs Through It. In 1981,
he founded the Sundance Institute and
Festival, which became the foremost16
showcase for independent cinema, nurturing17 new voices outside Hollywood’s
studio system. An outspoken18 advocate
for19 conservation and climate action, he
supported land protection, renewable energy and Native American rights. His
dual legacy20 unites Hollywood stardom
with lasting cultural and environmental
impact21.
1
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78
BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE ISSUE 110
6SULQJVWHHQ'HOLYHU0H)URP1RZKHUH
T
KLVLVDࣟOPDERXWWKHOHJHQGDU\$PHULFDQ rocker1 Bruce
Springsteen, but before you tune out2 thinking, “here we go
with another clichéd music biopic3,” listen up. Having sealed his
musical immortality4 with the blockbuster5 albums Born to Run,
and the more contemplative The River, in 1982, the artist retreated to his room armed only with an acoustic guitar, harmonica
and primitive four-track recorder6. Enter Jeremy Allen White,
hero of the hit series, The Bear. He is charged with the onerous7
task of playing the Boss, which he does convincingly. The story follows the recording of the cult album, Nebraska, which the
record company assumed must have been either a demo tape
or some kind of VLFNMRNH8. It was neither, but a journey into the
depths of self-doubt9, stripped down and exposed. It also played
out the HWHUQDOFRQᎳLFW10 between the artist’s desire to maintain
creative integrity and the record company, which sought only to
replicate a winning formula. For those with limited knowledge
or interest in Bruce Springsteen, the movie stands on its own
two feet as a compelling narrative, well-acted, and beautifully
ࣟOPHGWRJLYHLWWKHDXWKHQWLF$PHULFDQDYLEHRILWVchief protagonist11/LNHWKHUHFRUGLWSRUWUD\VWKHࣟOPKDVDhaunting12
resonance that is sure to see it on the shortlist of the next round
of Academy Awards.
'LUHFWRU Scott Cooper
Starring: Jeremy Allen White, Paul Walter
Hauser, Stephen Graham
Genres: Biography, Drama, Music
Runtime: 120 mins
Release date: October 24, 2025
1
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D
R\RXࣟQG\RXUVHOIdwelling on3 your mistakes? Does fear
of failure hold you back4? Then this book could be the antidote. The author draws on her experiences of losing her job
and, yes, failing many times along the way to success. This
didn’t prevent her from launching a company from her kitchen table and selling it for HLJKWᎲJXUHV5 before becoming CEO
RIDJOREDOWHFKࣟUP
Her book is neatly6 arranged into ten chapters, each dedicated to
a particular mistake she made – and the accompanying “secret”
that transformed it into a stepping-stone7. Rather than vague8
motivational slogans, she offers practical insights into handling
poor MXGJHPHQWFDOOV9 and overcoming impostor syndrome10.
Mistakes, she says, are not detours11 but data. She encourages
readers to view failure as feedback, analyse it carefully, adapt
promptly and move forward with renewed clarity.
Arguably, the ultimate value of the book is that its lessons are
not only for the ears of aspiring millionaires, but anybody who
FRXOGEHQHࣟW DQGWKDWLQFOXGHVPRVWRIXV IURPreframing12 our
errors and learning from them, and also overcoming our fear of
trying things for fear of failure. What have you
got to lose? Give the book a go!
Author: Kim Perell
Publisher:ߛ0DWW+ROW%RRNV
3XEOLFDWLRQGDWH August 12, 2025
Print length: 240 pages
3ULFH Hardback – USD 21.85
bRQHURXVʊRɌQțUțVFLÛľNLWUXGQ\
URFNRZ\
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WR7UDQVIRUPSetbacks2LQWR([WUDRUGLQDU\
Success – Kim Perell
12
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79
Prenumerata
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ʶ˘ˡˡ˜˞ˣ˥˘ˡ˨ˠ˘˥˔˧ˬ
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ˡ˜κ˦˭˔ ˖˘ˡ˔˭˔˘˚˭˘ˠˣ˟˔˥˭ʟ
˪ˬ˦ˬ·˞˔˚˥˔˧˜˦ʟ
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˖˭˔˦ˢˣ˜˦ˠ˔˧˥˔Ѓ˪ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˥ͩ˖˘ʡ
dla 1 osoby
ʩ˪ˬ˗˔Ήʟ˖ˢʥˠ˜˘˦˜͗˖˘
ʤʪʦʟʬʣ˭·
dla grupϝ˗˟˔ʥˢ˦ͅ˕˜˪˜ͩ˖˘˝
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ʽ˔˞˭˔ˠͅ˪˜͙ʲ
ˊˬ˕˜˘˥˭ˡ˔˝˪ˬ˚ˢ˗ˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˗˟˔ʶ˜˘˕˜˘˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ʭ
przez Internet
˪˘˝˗θˡ˔˦˧˥ˢˡͩʭ˞˜ˢ˦˞ʡ˖ˢ˟ˢ˥˙˨˟ˠ˘˗˜˔ʡˣ˟
˧˘˟˘˙ˢˡ˜˖˭ˡ˜˘
ʤʩʦʟʬʣ˭·ʢˢ˦ˢ˕ͩ
Ά͗˖˭ˡ͗˞˪ˢ˧ͩˢ˕˟˜˖˭ˬ˦˭ʟˠˡˢκ͗˖
ʤʩʦʟʬʣ˭·ˣ˥˭˘˭˟˜˖˭˕ͩˢ˦ͅ˕ʡ
ʩʤʫʦʦʩʦʥʫ˟˨˕ʩʩʦʥʧʥʧʦʦ
˭˔˚˥˔ˡ˜˖˭ˡ˔˗˟˔ʤˢ˦ˢ˕ˬ
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˪ˬΝ˟˜˝ˡ˔ˠ˪˜˔˗ˢˠˢΝ͙ʭ
ˣ˥˘ˡ˨ˠ˘˥˔˧˔ʳ˖ˢ˟ˢ˥˙˨˟ˠ˘˗˜˔ʡˣ˟
przelew na konto
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nr BIC ˗˟˔ˣ˥˭˘˟˘˪ͅ˪
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