Name: ____________________________
I. Multiple Choice (20 items)
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. In a within-subjects design, who
experiences all experimental conditions?
a) Different groups
b) The same participants
c) Random samples
d) Control group only
2. Within-subjects design compares a
participant’s performance to:
a) Other participants
b) Themselves
c) A control group
d) The population
3. What is one main advantage of withinsubjects design?
a) Eliminates individual differences
b) Requires many participants
c) Uses only one condition
d) Has low validity
4. What does a Small-N design study?
a) A large number of participants
b) A few participants in-depth
c) Only animals
d) Group averages
5. Small-N designs are often used in:
a) Clinical or educational settings
b) Marketing surveys
c) Political polls
d) Group experiments
6. The ABA design is also known as:
a) Multiple baseline design
b) Reversal design
c) Cross-sectional design
d) Random design
7. In the ABA design, what does the first “A”
represent?
a) Treatment phase
b) Baseline phase
c) Reward phase
d) Experimental phase
8. Why is the ABA design called “reversal”?
a) Because treatment is repeated
b) Because behavior is expected to return to
baseline
c) Because participants switch groups
d) Because it uses randomization
9. The ABAB design is used instead of ABA to:
a) Remove the treatment permanently
b) Re-introduce the treatment ethically
c) Shorten observation time
d) Avoid baseline measurement
10. What is the main goal of Small-N designs?
a) To collect group averages
b) To study detailed behavior changes
c) To compare large samples
d) To generalize results widely
11. When is Small-N design most useful?
a) When participants are easy to find
b) When participants are rare or unique
c) When random sampling is possible
d) When large data is needed
12. Which design gradually introduces
treatment across subjects or settings?
a) ABA design
b) Multiple baseline design
c) Case study
d) Randomized design
13. Multiple baseline design is often used
because:
a) It doesn’t require removing treatment
b) It’s faster than ABA
c) It studies large groups
d) It avoids repetition
14. Which of the following is NOT a strength of
Small-N design?
a) Detailed observation
b) High internal validity
c) Easy to generalize
d) Flexible procedures
15. What is a disadvantage of Small-N design?
a) Requires fewer participants
b) Hard to generalize findings
c) Has strong control
d) Produces detailed results
16. Which design studies the same participants
under different conditions?
a) Within-subjects design
b) Between-subjects design
c) Large-N design
d) Randomized trial
17. What kind of variable relationship does
Small-N focus on?
a) Functional relationship
b) Statistical relationship
c) Group mean comparison
d) Probability relationship
18. What is a real-life example of a Small-N
design?
a) Studying one patient’s progress in therapy
b) Surveying 200 students
c) Comparing three school sections
d) Measuring national averages
19. Who introduced Operant Conditioning
using a Small-N method?
a) Baer, Wolf & Risley
b) Skinner
c) Kazdin
d) Hall & Foxx
20. Which study used Multiple Baseline Design
to treat phobias?
a) Skinner (1938)
b) Baer, Wolf & Risley (1968)
c) Kazdin (1982)
d) Hall & Foxx (1977)
II. True or False (5 items)
21. Within-subjects design uses the same
participants for all conditions.
22. Small-N design focuses on many
participants for generalization.
23. ABA design includes baseline, treatment,
and withdrawal phases.
24. Multiple baseline design introduces
treatment gradually to avoid removing it.
25. Small-N designs are common in applied or
clinical psychology.
III. Identification (5 items)
Write the correct term based on the description.
26. The design where the same group
experiences all experimental conditions.
→ ____________________________
27. The design that studies only a few
participants but with repeated observation.
→ ____________________________
28. The type of Small-N design that has phases
A-B-A.
→ ____________________________
29. The ethical alternative to ABA design where
treatment is applied one by one.
→ ____________________________
30. The design used by Skinner to study how
rewards shape behavior.
→ ____________________________