Prepared for Bruno Pajusco by ICLR
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi
Hearings
14 Dec 2012 [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm) ; [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787 , QBD (Burton J)
26 Nov 2013 [2013] EWCA Civ 1539; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 125 ; [2013] 2 CLC 968; [2014] BLR 246, CA
22 May 2014 Permission to appeal to Supreme Court given
04 Nov 2015 [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519 ; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1 ; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55 ; [2016]
RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
See also
ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis (The Consumers’ Association intervening)
Subject Matter
CONSUMER PROTECTION — Contract — Unfair terms — Defendant overstaying permitted period of free parking in car park managed by claimant — £85 charge imposed on
defendant — Whether unfair — Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, regs 5(1), 6(1), 8, Sch 2, para 1(e)
[2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The
Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
CONTRACT — Penalty — Enforceability — Defendant agreeing to sell controlling interest in company he founded to claimant — Agreement subject of extensive negotiations
— Purchase price payable in instalments and large proportion representing goodwill — Clauses providing that on breach of non-competition provision defendant not entitled
to further payments and required to sell remaining shares — Whether price reduction provisions — Whether penal — Ambit of common law rule that contractual penalty
clauses unenforceable — Whether rule to be abolished, restricted or extended — Whether clauses enforceable
[2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD
CONTRACT — Penalty — Enforceability — Defendant overstaying permitted period of free parking in car park managed by claimant — £85 charge imposed on defendant —
Whether penal — Ambit of common law rule that contractual penalty clause unenforceable — Whether rule to be abolished, restricted or extended — Whether charge
enforceable
[2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The
Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
Appellate History
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD
Decision of Burton J reversed
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2013] EWCA Civ 1539; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 125; [2013] 2 CLC 968; [2014] BLR 246, CA
Decision of the Court of Appeal reversed
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55;
[2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis (The Consumers’ Association intervening) [2015] EWCA Civ 402; [2015] RTR 309; [2015] WLR (D) 190, CA
Decision of the Court of Appeal affirmed
Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55;
[2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
Legislation Considered
Statutory Instruments
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/2083), regs 5(1), 6(1), 8, Sch 2, para 1(e)
Cases Considered
Cases considered in: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1;
[2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)

AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin(1986) 162 CLR 170, HCA Applied

Aziz v Caixa d’Estalvis de Catalunya, Tarragona i Manresa (Catalunyacaixa)(Case C-415/11); EU:C:2013:164; [2013] All ER (EC) 770; [2013] CN 363, ECJ Applied

Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd(2012) 247 CLR 205, HCA Not applied

Cine Bes Filmcilik ve Yapimcilik AS v United International Pictures[2004] 1 CLC 401, CA Considered

Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 1026; [1989] 1 All ER 621, CA Considered

Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd[1915] AC 79, HL Considered

Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Co Ltd v Don Jose Ramos Yzquierdo y Castarado[1905] AC 6, HL Considered
Cases considered in: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD

Firma C-Trade SA v Newcastle Protection and Indemnity Association (The Fanti)[1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep 239; The Times, 27 December 1988, CA Considered

Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 1026; [1989] 1 All ER 621, CA Considered
Cases Cited
Cases cited in: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD
Alec Lobb (Garages) Ltd v Total Oil (Great Britain) Ltd[1985] 1 WLR 173; [1985] 1 All ER 303, CA
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects Ltd v Tilebox Ltd[2005] EWHC 281 (TCC), TCC
Anna Trego and William Wilson Smith v George Stratford Hunt[1896] AC 7, HL
Attwood v Lamont [1920] 3 KB 571, CA
Cine Bes Filmcilik Ve Yapimcilik & Anor v United International Pictures[2003] EWCA Civ 1669, CA
Cine Bes Filmcilik ve Yapimcilik AS v United International Pictures[2004] 1 CLC 401, CA
Comr of Public Works v Hills[1906] AC 368, PC
Connors Bros. Ltd v Connors [1940] 4 AER 179 (PC)
Dawnay, Day & Co Ltd v D’Alphen[1998] ICR 1068, CA
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd[1915] AC 79, HL
E-Nik Ltd v Department for Communities and Local Government[2012] EWHC 3027 (Comm); [2013] 2 All ER (Comm) 868, QBD
ECGD v Universal Oil [1983] 1 Lloyds Law Rep 448
Else (1982) Ltd v Parkland Holdings Ltd[1994] 1 BCLC 130, CA
Elsley v JG Collins Insurance Agencies Ltd[1978] 83 DLR 1
Esanda Finance Corporation Ltd v Plessnig [1989] ALJ 238
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper’s Garage (Stourport) Ltd[1968] AC 269; [1967] 2 WLR 871; [1967] 1 All ER 699, HL(E)
General Trading Co (Holdings) Ltd v Richmond Corpn Ltd[2008] EWHC 1479 (Comm); [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 475, QBD
Haynes v Doman [1899] 2 Ch 13, CA
Jervis v Harris [1996] Ch 195; [1996] 2 WLR 220; [1996] 1 All ER 303, CA
Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 1026; [1989] 1 All ER 621, CA
Johnson v Gore Wood & Co[2002] 2 AC 1; [2001] 2 WLR 72; [2001] 1 All ER 481; [2001] 1 BCLC 313, HL(E)
Lancore Services Ltd v Barclays Bank Plc[2008] EWHC 1264 (Ch), Ch D
Leather Cloth Co v Lorsont LR 9 Eq 345, Equity
Lombank Ltd v Excell[1964] 1 QB 415; [1963] 3 WLR 700; [1963] 3 All ER 486, CA
Lordsvale Finance plc v Bank of Zambia[1996] QB 752; [1996] 3 WLR 688; [1996] 3 All ER 156, QBD
M&J Polymers Ltd v Imerys Minerals Ltd[2008] 1 AER (Comm) 893
Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd[1913] AC 724, HL
Meretz Investments NV v ACP Ltd[2006] EWHC 74 (Ch); [2007] Ch 197; [2007] 2 WLR 403; [2006] 3 All ER 1029, Ch D
Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v Gilbert-Ash (Northern) Ltd[1974] AC 689; [1973] 3 WLR 421; [1973] 3 All ER 195; 72 LGR 1, HL(E)
Murray (Kenneth Christopher) v Leisureplay plc[2005] EWCA Civ 963; [2005] IRLR 946, CA
Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co[1894] AC 535, HL
North Western Salt Co Ltd v Electrolytic Alkali Co Ltd[1914] AC 461, HL
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v The Attorney General of Hong Kong [1993] 61 BLR 41
Practice Direction (House of Lords: Counsel’s Fees) [1984] 1 WLR 776; [1984] 2 All ER 244, HL
Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd (No 2)[1982] Ch 204; [1982] 2 WLR 31; [1982] 1 All ER 354, CA
Putsman v Taylor [1927] 1 HB 637
Reed v Columbia Fur Dressers & Dyers Ltd[1965] 1 WLR 13; [1964] 3 All ER 945, QBD
Robophone Facilities Ltd v Blank [1966] 1 WLR 1428; [1966] 3 All ER 128, CA
Ronbar Enterprises Ltd v Green [1954] 1WLR at 820
Socony Mobil Oil Inc v West of England Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association (London) Ltd (No 2)[1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep 239, CA
Workers Trust & Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd[1993] AC 573; [1993] 2 WLR 702; [1993] 2 All ER 370, PC
Cases cited in: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2013] EWCA Civ 1539; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 125; [2013] 2 CLC 968; [2014] BLR 246, CA
AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin(1986) 162 CLR 170, HCA
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects Ltd v Tilebox Ltd[2005] EWHC 281 (TCC), TCC
CMC Group plc v Zhang (Michael)[2006] EWCA Civ 408, CA
Campbell Discount Co Ltd v Bridge[1962] AC 600; [1962] 2 WLR 439; [1962] 1 All ER 385, HL(E)
Cine Bes Filmcilik ve Yapimcilik AS v United International Pictures[2004] 1 CLC 401, CA
Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Co Ltd v Don Jose Ramos Yzquierdo y Castarado[1905] AC 6, HL
Comr of Public Works v Hills[1906] AC 368, PC
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd[1915] AC 79, HL
Euro London Appointments Ltd v Claessens International Ltd[2006] EWCA Civ 385; [2006] 2 Lloyd's Rep 436; The Times, 2 June 2006, CA
Euro London Appointments Ltd v Claessens International Ltd[2006] 2 Lloyd's Rep 436
General Trading Co (Holdings) Ltd v Richmond Corpn Ltd[2008] EWHC 1479 (Comm); [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 475, QBD
Jeancharm Ltd v Barnet Football Club Ltd[2003] EWCA Civ 58, CA
Johnson v Gore Wood & Co[2002] 2 AC 1; [2001] 2 WLR 72; [2001] 1 All ER 481; [2001] 1 BCLC 313, HL(E)
Lordsvale Finance plc v Bank of Zambia[1996] QB 752; [1996] 3 WLR 688; [1996] 3 All ER 156, QBD
Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v Gilbert-Ash (Northern) Ltd[1974] AC 689; [1973] 3 WLR 421; [1973] 3 All ER 195; 72 LGR 1, HL(E)
Murray (Kenneth Christopher) v Leisureplay plc[2005] EWCA Civ 963; [2005] IRLR 946, CA
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v The Attorney General of Hong Kong [1993] 61 BLR 41
Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd (No 2)[1982] Ch 204; [1982] 2 WLR 31; [1982] 1 All ER 354, CA
Robophone Facilities Ltd v Blank [1966] 1 WLR 1428; [1966] 3 All ER 128, CA
Socony Mobil Oil Inc v West of England Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association (London) Ltd (No 2)[1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep 239, CA
Workers Trust & Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd[1993] AC 573; [1993] 2 WLR 702; [1993] 2 All ER 370, PC
Cases cited in: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1
Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
869163 Ontario Ltd v Torrey Springs II Associates Ltd (2005) 256 DLR (4th) 490
AD v East Kent Community NHS Trust[2002] EWCA Civ 1872; [2003] 3 All ER 1167, CA
AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin(1986) 162 CLR 170, HCA
Amaltal Corpn Ltd v Maruha (NZ) Corpn Ltd [2004] NZCA 17; [2004] 2 NZLR 614
Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2012] HCA 30; 247 CLR 205
Associated British Ports v C H Bailey Plc[1990] 2 AC 703; [1990] 2 WLR 812; [1990] 1 All ER 929; The Times, 23 March 1990, HL(E)
Astley v Weldon (1801) 2 Bos & P 346
Aziz v Caixa d’Estalvis de Catalunya, Tarragona i Manresa (Catalunyacaixa)(Case C-415/11); EU:C:2013:164; [2013] All ER (EC) 770; [2013] CN 363, ECJ
BICC Plc v Burndy Corpn [1985] Ch 232; [1985] 2 WLR 132; [1985] 1 All ER 417, CA
Beil v Mansell (No 2) [2006] QSC 199; [2006] 2 Qd R 499
Betts v Burch (1859) 4 H & N 506
Bunge SA v Nidera BV [2015] UKSC 43; [2015] Bus LR 987; [2015] 3 All ER 1082; [2015] 2 All ER (Comm) 789; [2015] 2 Lloyd's Rep 469; [2015] WLR (D) 283; Case details,
SC(E)
Bysouth v Shire of Blackburn and Mitcham (No 2) [1928] VLR 562
CRA Ltd v NZ Goldfields Investments [1989] VR 873
Cadogan Petroleum Holdings Ltd v Global Process Systems LLC[2013] EWHC 214 (Comm); [2013] CN 252; [2013] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 26, QBD
Campbell Discount Co Ltd v Bridge[1962] AC 600; [1962] 2 WLR 439; [1962] 1 All ER 385, HL(E)
Cine Bes Filmcilik Ve Yapimcilik & Anor v United International Pictures[2003] EWCA Civ 1669, CA
Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Co Ltd v Don Jose Ramos Yzquierdo y Castarado[1905] AC 6, HL
Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd[1998] AC 1; [1997] 2 WLR 898; [1997] 3 All ER 297, HL(E)
Commercial Bank of Scotland Ltd v Beal (1890) 18 R 80, Ct of Sess
Comr of Public Works v Hills[1906] AC 368, PC
Cooden Engineering Co Ltd v Stanford[1953] 1 QB 86, CA
Craig v M‘Beath (1863) 1 M 1020, Ct of Sess
Daff v Midland Colliery Owners’ Mutual Indemnity Co Ltd (1913) 109 LT 418, HL(E)
Dagenham (Thames) Dock Co, In re; Ex p Hulse (1873) LR 8 Ch App 1022
Director General of Fair Trading v First National Bank plc[2001] UKHL 52; [2002] 1 AC 481; [2001] 3 WLR 1297; [2002] 1 All ER 97; [2001] 2 All ER (Comm) 1000; [2002] 1
Lloyd's Rep 489, HL(E)
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd[1915] AC 79, HL
EFT Commercial Ltd v Security Change Ltd 1992 SC 414, Ct of Sess
Edgeworth Capital (Luxembourg) SARL v Ramblas Investments BV[2015] EWHC 150 (Comm); [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 368; [2015] CN 977, QBD
Elberg v Fraval [2012] VSC 342
Else (1982) Ltd v Parkland Holdings Ltd [1994] 1 BCLC 130, CA
Elsley v JG Collins Insurance Agencies Ltd [1978] 2 SCR 916
Euro London Appointments Ltd v Claessens International Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 385; [2006] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 436, CA
Export Credits Guarantee Department v Universal Oil Products Co[1983] 1 WLR 399; [1983] 2 All ER 205; [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep 152, HL(E)
Forestry Commission of New South Wales v Stefanetto (1976) 133 CLR 507
Forrest & Barr v Henderson, Coulbourn & Co (1869) 8 M 187, Ct of Sess
General Trading Co (Holdings) Ltd v Richmond Corpn Ltd[2008] EWHC 1479 (Comm); [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 475, QBD
Granor Finance Ltd v Liquidator of Eastore Ltd 1974 SLT 296, Ct of Sess
Hardy v Bern (1794) 5 Durn & E 636
Holles (Lady) v Wyse (1693) 2 Vern 289
Home v Hepburn (1549) Mor 10033, Ct of Sess
Hong Leong Finance Ltd v Tan Gin Huay [1999] 2 SLR 153
Howe v Smith 27 ChD 89, CA
Hsin Chong Construction Co Ltd v Hong Kong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co Ltd [1984] HKCFI 212
IAC (Leasing) Ltd v Humphrey (1972) 126 CLR 131
Imam-Sadeque v Bluebay Asset Management Ltd [2012] EWHC 3511 (QB), QBD
Imperial Tobacco Co (of Great Britain and Ireland) Ltd v Parslay [1936] 2 All ER 515, CA
Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd[1989] QB 433; [1988] 2 WLR 615; [1988] 1 All ER 348, CA
Interstar Wholesale Finance Pty Ltd v Integral Home Loans Pty Ltd [2008] NSWCA 310
Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 1026; [1989] 1 All ER 621, CA
John H Kilmer v British Columbia Orchard Lands Ltd[1913] AC 319, PC
Johnston v Robertson (1861) 23 D 646, Ct of Sess
Kemble v Farren (1829) 6 Bing 141
Legione v Hateley (1983) 152 CLR 406
Linggi Plantations Ltd v Jagatheesan [1972] 1 MLJ 89, PC
Lordsvale Finance plc v Bank of Zambia[1996] QB 752; [1996] 3 WLR 688; [1996] 3 All ER 156, QBD
Mandarin Container, In re [2004] HKCFI 1266; [2004] 3 HKLRD 554
Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v Gilbert-Ash (Northern) Ltd[1974] AC 689; [1973] 3 WLR 421; [1973] 3 All ER 195; 72 LGR 1, HL(E)
Mortgage Makers Inc v McKeen 2009 NBCA 61; 312 DLR (4th) 82
Moss Empires Ltd v Olympia (Liverpool) Ltd[1939] AC 544, HL
Murray (Kenneth Christopher) v Leisureplay plc[2005] EWCA Civ 963; [2005] IRLR 946, CA
Office of Fair Trading v Abbey National plc [2009] UKSC 6; [2010] 1 AC 696; [2009] 3 WLR 1215; [2010] 1 All ER 667; [2010] 1 Lloyd's Rep 281; [2009] WLR (D) 341;
Case details, SC(E)
Office of Fair Trading v Ashbourne Managment Services Ltd [2011] EWHC 1237 (Ch), Ch D
Official Custodian for Charities v Parway Estates Developments Ltd [1985] Ch 151; [1984] 3 WLR 525; [1984] 3 All ER 679, CA
O’Dea v Allstates Leasing System (WA) Pty Ltd (1983) 152 CLR 359
PSAL Ltd v Kellas-Sharpe [2012] QSC 31
Paciocco v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2015] FCAFC 50
Paris frères c Dame Juillard Civ 14 February1866, Cour de cassation
Peachy v Duke of Somerset (1720) 1 Str 447
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1993) 61 BLR 41, PC
Place Concorde East Ltd Partnership v Shelter Corpn of Canada Ltd (2003) 43 BLR (3d) 54
Polyset Ltd v Panhandat Ltd [2002] HKCFA 15; 5 HKCFAR 234
R (Wright) v Secretary of State for Health [2006] EWHC 2886 (Admin); [2007] 1 All ER 825, QBD
R v National Insurance Comr, Ex parte Hudson[1972] AC 944; [1972] 2 WLR 210; [1972] 1 All ER 145, HL(E)
Ringrow Pty Ltd v BP Australia Pty Ltd [2005] HCA 71; 224 CLR 656
Roberts & Cooper v Salvesen & Co 1918 SC 794, Ct of Sess
Robertson v Driver’s Trustees (1881) 8 R 555, Ct of Sess
Robophone Facilities Ltd v Blank [1966] 1 WLR 1428; [1966] 3 All ER 128, CA
Roles v Rosewell (1794) 5 Durn & E 538
Rowland Valentine Webster v William David Bosanquet[1912] AC 394, PC
Scandinavian Trading Tanker Co AB v Flota Petrolera Ecuatoriana (The Scaptrade)[1983] 2 AC 694; [1983] 3 WLR 203; [1983] 2 All ER 763; [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep 253, HL(E)
Shiloh Spinners Ltd v Harding [1973] AC 691; [1973] 2 WLR 28; [1973] 1 All ER 90, HL(E)
Sloman v Walter (1783) 1 Bro CC 418
Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc v West of England Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Association (London) Ltd[1984] 2 Lloyd's Rep 408
Soper (Pauper) v Arnold 14 App Cas 429, HL
Stockloser v Johnson [1954] 1 QB 476; [1954] 2 WLR 439; [1954] 1 All ER 630, CA
Stration v Graham (1789) 3 Pat App 119, HL(Sc)
Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809; [1985] 2 WLR 877; [1985] 2 All ER 289, HL(E)
Strode v Parker (1694) 2 Vern 316
The Protector Endowment Loan and Annuity Co v Grice5 QBD 592, CA
Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (The Achilleas)[2008] UKHL 48; [2009] AC 61; [2008] 3 WLR 345; [2008] Bus LR 1395; [2008] 4 All ER 159; [2008] 2 All ER
(Comm) 753; [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 275, HL(E)
University of Glasgow v Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (1840) 1 Robin App 397, HL(Sc)
Wallingford v Mutual Society 5 App Cas 685, HL
Wallis v Smith 21 ChD 243, CA
Watson v Noble (1885) 13 R 347, Ct of Sess
White and Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor[1962] AC 413; [1962] 2 WLR 17; [1961] 3 All ER 1178, HL(Sc)
Wirral Borough Council v Currys Group plc 1998 SLT 463, Ct of Sess
Wollondilly Shire Council v Picton Power Lines Pty Ltd (1994) 33 NSWLR 551
Workers Trust & Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd[1993] AC 573; [1993] 2 WLR 702; [1993] 2 All ER 370, PC
Zemhunt (Holdings) Ltd v Control Securities plc 1992 SC 58, Ct of Sess
Çukurova Finance International Ltd v Alfa Telecom Turkey Ltd (Nos 3 to 5)[2013] UKPC 2; [2013] UKPC 20; [2013] UKPC 25; [2016] AC 923; [2015] 2 WLR 875; [2013] 4 All
ER 936; Case details, PC
Subsequent Consideration
Cases subsequently considering: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER
(Comm) 1; [2016] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)

Applied in Glaser v Atay [2024] EWCA Civ 1111; [2025] 1 WLR 1627; [2025] 2 All ER 302; [2025] 1 FLR 852; [2024] WLR(D) 427, CA

Considered in OCM Maritime Nile LLC v Courage Shipping Co (The “Courage” and The “Amethyst”)[2022] EWHC 452 (Comm); [2022] 2 Lloyd's Rep 619, Ch D

Applied in Banco San Juan Internacional Inc v Petroleos de Venezuela SA [2020] EWHC 2937 (Comm); [2021] 2 All ER (Comm) 590, QBD

Applied in BHL v Leumi ABL Ltd[2017] EWHC 1871 (QB); [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 965; [2017] 2 Lloyd's Rep 237, QBD

Considered in Edgeworth Capital (Luxembourg) SARL v Ramblas Investments BV[2016] EWCA Civ 412; [2017] 1 All ER (Comm) 577, CA

Applied in Hayfin Opal Luxco 3 SARL v Windermere VII CMBS plc[2016] EWHC 782 (Ch); [2018] 1 BCLC 118, Ch D
Cases subsequently considering: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2013] EWCA Civ 1539; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 125; [2013] 2 CLC 968; [2014] BLR 246, CA

Considered in MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Cottonex Anstalt [2015] EWHC 283 (Comm); [2015] 2 All ER (Comm) 614; [2015] 1 Lloyd's Rep 359; [2015] 1 CLC
143; [2015] CN 297, QBD

Applied in Edgeworth Capital (Luxembourg) SARL v Ramblas Investments BV[2015] EWHC 150 (Comm); [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 368; [2015] CN 977, QBD
Cases citing
Cases citing: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2012] EWHC 3582 (Comm); [2013] 1 All ER (Comm) 787, QBD
Eville & Jones (Group) Ltd v Aldiss[2022] EWHC 269 (QB), QBD
Ivy Technology Ltd v Martin[2022] EWHC 1218 (Comm), QBD
Law by Design Ltd v Ali[2022] EWHC 426 (QB), QBD
Medenta Finance Ltd v Hitachi Capital (UK) plc[2019] EWHC 516 (Comm), QBD
Merlin Financial Consultants Ltd v Cooper[2014] EWHC 1196 (QB); [2014] CN 789, QBD
Merlin financial consultants ltd v Cooper[2014] EWHC 1196 (QB), QBD
Rush Hair Ltd v Gibson-Forbes[2016] EWHC 2589 (QB), QBD
Cases citing: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2013] EWCA Civ 1539; [2014] 2 All ER (Comm) 125; [2013] 2 CLC 968; [2014] BLR 246, CA
Edgeworth Capital (Luxembourg) SARL v Ramblas Investments BV[2015] EWHC 150 (Comm); [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 368; [2015] CN 977, QBD
MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Cottonex Anstalt [2015] EWHC 283 (Comm); [2015] 2 All ER (Comm) 614; [2015] 1 Lloyd's Rep 359; [2015] 1 CLC 143; [2015] CN 297,
QBD
MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Cottonex Anstalt [2016] EWCA Civ 789; [2017] 1 All ER (Comm) 483; [2016] 2 Lloyd's Rep 494, CA
Novoship (UK) Ltd v Mikhaylyuk[2015] EWHC 992 (Comm); [2015] CN 661, QBD
ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis (The Consumers’ Association intervening) [2015] EWCA Civ 402; [2015] RTR 309; [2015] WLR (D) 190, CA
Unaoil Ltd v Leighton Offshore Offshore PTE Ltd[2014] EWHC 2965 (Comm); [2014] CN 1594, QBD
Unaoil Ltd v Leighton Offshore PTE Ltd[2014] EWHC 2965 (Comm), QBD
Cases citing: Cavendish Square Holdings BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172; [2015] 3 WLR 1373; [2016] 2 All ER 519; [2016] 2 All ER (Comm) 1; [2016] 1
Lloyd's Rep 55; [2016] RTR 8; 162 Con LR 1; [2016] BLR 1; The Times, 23 November 2015; [2015] WLR (D) 439; Case details, SC(E)
Adare Finance DAC v Yellowstone Capital Management SA [2020] EWHC 2760 (Comm); [2021] 2 BCLC 140, QBD
Ahuja Investments Ltd v Victorygame Ltd[2021] EWHC 2382 (Ch), Ch D
Armstead v Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Co Ltd[2024] UKSC 6; [2025] AC 406; [2024] 2 WLR 632; [2024] 3 All ER 263; [2024] RTR 19, SC(E)
Avonwick Holdings Ltd v Azitio Holdings Ltd [2020] EWHC 1844 (Comm), QBD
BHL v Leumi ABL Limited [2017] EWHC 1871 (QB), QBD
BHL v Leumi ABL Ltd[2017] EWHC 1871 (QB); [2018] 1 All ER (Comm) 965; [2017] 2 Lloyd's Rep 237, QBD
Banco San Juan Internacional Inc v Petroleos de Venezuela SA [2020] EWHC 2937 (Comm); [2021] 2 All ER (Comm) 590, QBD
Barton v Morris [2019] EWCA Civ 1999; [2020] 2 All ER (Comm) 652, CA
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No 3) (Common Issues) [2019] EWHC 606 (QB), QBD
Bedford Investments Ltd v Sellman[2021] EWHC 799 (Comm), QBD
Berkeley Homes (South East London) Ltd & Anor v John Sisk and Son Ltd [2023] EWHC 2152 (TCC), KBD
Blue-Sky Solutions Ltd v Be Caring Ltd[2021] EWHC 2619 (Comm); [2022] 2 All ER (Comm) 254, QBD
Brown’s Bay Resort Ltd v Pozzoni[2016] UKPC 10; Case details, PC
Buckingham Group Contracting Ltd v Peel L&P Investments and Property Ltd[2022] EWHC 1842 (TCC), QBD
Buckinghamshire Council v FCC Buckinghamshire Ltd [2021] EWHC 2867 (TCC), QBD
CFL Finance Ltd v Bass & Ors (Good faith to voluntary arrangements : consumer credit law) [2019] EWHC 1839 (Ch), Ch D
Camberley Group plc v Foster[2022] EWHC 2643 (KB), KBD
Canal and River Trust v Information Commissioner & Anor[2023] UKUT 92 (AAC), UT
Cargill International Trading Pte Ltd v Uttam Galva Steels Ltd[2019] EWHC 476 (Comm), QBD
Cavendish Square Holding BV v Ghoussoub[2018] EWHC 2755 (Comm), QBD
Clarkson v Future Resources FZE[2021] EWHC 1053 (Ch), Ch D
Clarkson v Future Resources FZE[2019] EWHC 3830 (Ch), Ch D
Dana Gas PJSC v Dana Gas Sukuk Ltd[2017] EWHC 2928 (Comm); [2017] 2 CLC 735; [2018] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 177, QBD
Dawnvale Cafe Components Ltd v Hylgar Properties Ltd[2024] EWHC 1199 (TCC), KBD
De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd v Spicejet Ltd[2021] EWHC 362 (Comm), QBD
EDF Energy Customers Ltd v Re-Energized Ltd[2018] EWHC 652 (Ch), Ch D
EE Ltd v Mundio Mobile Ltd[2016] EWHC 531 (TCC), TCC
Eco World - Ballymore Embassy Gardens Company Ltd v Dobler UK Ltd[2021] EWHC 2207 (TCC), QBD
Edgeworth Capital (Luxembourg) SARL v Ramblas Investments BV[2016] EWCA Civ 412; [2017] 1 All ER (Comm) 577, CA
European Film Bonds A/S v Lotus Holdings LLC [2020] EWHC 1115 (Ch), Ch D
Evergreen Security Investments Ltd v Kuntawala[2017] EWCA Civ 346, CA
FW Aviation (Holdings) 1 Ltd v VietJet Aviation JSC[2025] EWHC 928 (Comm), KBD
First Personnel Services Ltd v Halfords Ltd[2016] EWHC 3220 (Ch), Ch D
Football Association Premier League Ltd v PPLive Sports International Ltd[2022] EWHC 38 (Comm), Ch D
Freeman v Home Farm Ellingham Ltd [2025] EWHC 878 (Ch), Ch D
Gertner v CFL Finance Ltd[2020] EWHC 1241 (Ch), Ch D
Glaser v Atay [2023] EWHC 2539 (KB); [2024] 1 WLR 1733; [2024] 3 All ER 319; [2024] 1 FLR 1115; [2023] WLR(D) 417, KBD
Glaser v Atay [2024] EWCA Civ 1111; [2025] 1 WLR 1627; [2025] 2 All ER 302; [2025] 1 FLR 852; [2024] WLR(D) 427, CA
Goldhill Finance Ltd v Smyth[2023] EWHC 362 (KB), KBD
Hamilton v Katung [2025] EWHC 1401 (KB), KBD
Harcus Sinclair LLP v Your Lawyers Ltd[2021] UKSC 32; [2022] AC 1271; [2021] 3 WLR 598; [2022] 1 All ER 673; [2022] 1 All ER (Comm) 869, SC(E)
Harrington Scott Ltd v Coupe Bradbury Solicitors Ltd[2022] EWHC 2275 (Ch), Ch D
Hayfin Opal Luxco 3 SARL v Windermere VII CMBS plc[2016] EWHC 782 (Ch); [2018] 1 BCLC 118, Ch D
Holyoake v Candy [2017] EWHC 3397 (Ch), Ch D
Houssein v London Credit Ltd [2024] EWCA Civ 721, CA
Houssein v London Credit Ltd [2023] EWHC 1428 (Ch), Ch D
Hush Brasseries Ltd v Rlukref Nominees (UK) One Ltd[2022] EWHC 3018 (Ch), Ch D
ICICI Bank UK plc v Assam Oil Co Ltd[2019] EWHC 750 (Comm), QBD
ICTSI Middle East DMCC v The Government of the Republic of Sudan[2021] EWHC 1391 (Comm), QBD
In re B (Children) (Removal from Jurisdiction: Enforcement of Contact Order)[2015] EWCA Civ 1302; [2016] 1 WLR 2326; [2017] 1 All ER 1099; [2016] 2 FLR 1131;
[2015] WLR (D) 542, CA
In re SHB Realisations Ltd (formerly BHS Ltd) (in liquidation)[2018] EWHC 402 (Ch); [2018] Bus LR 1173; [2018] 2 BCLC 654; [2018] WLR (D) 143, Ch D
John Edmund Paylor (As Trustee in Bankruptcy for Junie Omari Bowers) and Others v Junie Conrad Omari Bowers[2020] EWHC 3900 (Ch); [2020] EWHC 3901 (Ch), Ch D
Kulkarni v Gwent Holdings Ltd [2023] EWHC 484 (Ch), Ch D
Lee & Anor v GSquare Capital II LP & Ors [2023] EWHC 3017 (Ch), Ch D
Lombard North Central Plc v European Skyjets Ltd [2020] EWHC 679 (QB), QBD
Longley v PPB Entertainment Ltd[2022] EWHC 977 (QB); [2022] EWHC 977 (QB), QBD
Mansion Place Ltd v Fox Industrial Services Ltd[2021] EWHC 2972 (TCC), QBD
Miss S Holmes v Tellemachus Ltd (CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT)[2022] EAT 71, EAT
Monde Petroleum SA v Westernzagros Ltd[2016] EWHC 1472 (Comm); [2017] 1 All ER (Comm) 1009; [2016] 2 Lloyd's Rep 229, QBD
Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij Voor Ontwikkelingslanden NV v Societe Bengaz SA[2024] EWHC 901 (Comm), KBD
OCM Maritime Nile LLC v Courage Shipping Co (The “Courage” and The “Amethyst”)[2022] EWCA Civ 1091; [2023] 1 Lloyd's Rep 13, CA
Olympic Council of Asia v Novans Jets LLP [2021] EWHC 1063 (Comm), QBD
Olympic Council of Asia v Novans Jets LLP [2021] EWHC 1063 (Comm), QBD
Oxford University Innovation Ltd v Oxford Nanoimaging Ltd[2022] EWHC 3200 (Pat), Ch D
Payward Inc v Chechetkin [2023] EWHC 1780 (Comm); [2024] 1 All ER (Comm) 455; [2023] 2 Lloyd's Rep 507, KBD
Permavent Ltd v Makin [2021] EWHC 467 (Ch), Ch D
Quantum Advisory Ltd v Quantum Actuarial LLP[2021] EWCA Civ 227; [2022] 1 All ER (Comm) 473, CA
R (Donegan) v Financial Services Compensation Scheme Ltd[2021] EWHC 760 (Admin), QBD
R v Whatcott [2019] EWCA Crim 1889, CA
Richards v IP Solutions Group Ltd [2016] EWHC 1835 (QB), QBD
Roundlistic Ltd v Jones [2018] EWCA Civ 2284; [2019] 1 WLR 4461; [2018] WLR(D) 681, CA
Santander Consumer (UK) plc v Chaudhry[2024] EWHC 170 (KB); [2024] Bus LR 1094; [2024] RTR 33; [2024] WLR(D) 48, KBD
School Facility Management Ltd v Governing Body of Christ the King College (Nos 1 & 2)[2020] EWHC 1118 (Comm); [2020] PTSR 1913; [2020] WLR(D) 289, QBD
Seculink Ltd v Salih [2023] EWHC 1706 (KB), KBD
Signia Wealth Ltd v Vector Trustees Ltd[2018] EWHC 1040 (Ch), Ch D
Simantob v Shavleyan [2019] EWCA Civ 1105, CA
Simantob v Shavleyan [2018] EWHC 2005 (QB), QBD
Soleymani v Nifty Gateway LLC [2022] EWHC 773 (Comm); [2022] Bus LR 521; [2022] 2 Lloyd's Rep 499; [2022] WLR(D) 165, QBD
Southgate v Graham [2024] EWHC 1692 (Ch); [2025] 4 WLR 30, Ch D
Steel v Spencer Road LLP (trading as The Omerta Group)[2023] EWHC 2492 (Ch); [2024] ICR 137; [2024] IRLR 200; [2023] WLR(D) 442, Ch D
TFG Security Limited v Howard Shade & Anor[2019] EWHC 3975 (Ch), Ch D
Team Y&r Holdings Hong Kong Limited v Joseph Ghossoub [2017] EWHC 2401 (Comm), QBD
The British Parking Association v Information Commissioner & Anor[2025] UKFTT 434 (GRC), FTT
Times Travel (UK) Ltd v Pakistan International Airlines Corpn[2021] UKSC 40; [2023] AC 101; [2021] 3 WLR 727; [2022] 2 All ER 815; [2022] 1 All ER (Comm) 361; [2021] 2
Lloyd's Rep 234; The Times, 20 September 2021, SC(E)
Trace Debt Recovery UK Limited v The Information Commissioner [2023] UKFTT 600 (GRC), FTT
Triple Point Technology Inc v PTT Public Co Ltd[2017] EWHC 2178 (TCC), QBD
Triple Point Technology Inc v PTT Public Co Ltd[2019] EWCA Civ 230; [2019] 1 WLR 3549; [2019] 3 All ER 767; [2019] 2 All ER (Comm) 810; [2019] WLR (D) 126, CA
VS MSN 36118 CAV Designated Activity Co v SpiceJet Ltd[2023] EWHC 1146 (Comm), KBD
Vauxhall Motors Ltd (formerly General Motors UK Ltd) v Manchester Ship Canal Co Ltd[2019] UKSC 46; [2020] AC 1161; [2019] 3 WLR 852; [2020] 2 All ER 81;
[2019] WLR (D) 590; Case details, SC(E)
Vauxhall Motors Ltd (formerly General Motors UK Ltd) v Manchester Ship Canal Co Ltd[2018] EWCA Civ 1100; [2019] Ch 331; [2019] 2 WLR 330; [2018] WLR (D) 304, CA
Vivienne Westwood Ltd v Conduit Street Development Ltd[2017] EWHC 350 (Ch), Ch D
Westfields Homes Ltd & Anor v Keay Homes (Windrush) Ltd[2020] EWHC 3368 (Ch), Ch D
ZCCM Investments Holdings Plc v Konkola Copper Mines Plc[2017] EWHC 3288 (Comm), QBD
Commentary
Blackstones Civil Practice 2023
Damages - Liquidated damages
4.11
Common Law - Defences to an enforcement claim
80.5
Terms of the Contract - Liquidated damages and penalty clauses
89.25
Terms of the Contract - Forfeiture clauses
89.26