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Tongue Controlled Wheelchair and Switching of Electrical Appliances For
Paralyzed
Article in International Journal of Engineering and Management Research · April 2015
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ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
Volume-5, Issue-2, April-2015
International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 456-459
Tongue Controlled Wheelchair and Switching of
Electrical Appliances For Paralyzed
B. Mallika1, K. Mounika2, M. Mounika3, V. Murali Krishna4, K. Rambabu5, M.C.Chinnaiah6
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of ECE, BVRIT-Narsapur, INDIA
ABSTRACT:
Alternative and effective methods for controlling
wheelchairs are important to individuals with tetraplegia
and similar impairments who are unable to use the
standard joystick. This project describes a system where
tongue movements are used to control a wheelchair thus
providing the users, with high level spinal cord injuries, full
control of their wheelchair. The system is based on an
inductive tongue control system.
Tongue is used to operate the system because
unlike the feet and the hands, which are connected by brain
through spinal cord, the tongue and the brain has a direct
connection through cranial nerve that generally escape
damage in severe spinal cord injuries or neuromuscular
disease. "Tongue movements are also fast, accurate and do
not require much thinking, concentration or effort."
Tongue Control System (TCS) is a tongue-operated
assistive technology which can potentially provide people
with several disabilities with effective access and
environment control. It translates user’s intentions into
control commands by detecting and classifying their
voluntary tongue motion.
In Tongue Control system, the motion of the
tongue is traced by an array of Hall-effect magnetic
sensors, which measure the magnetic field generated by a
small permanent magnet that is contained within a
nonmagnetic fixture and pierced on the tongue. The
magnetic sensors are mounted on a dental retainer and
attached on the outside of the teeth to measure the
magnetic field from different angles and provide
continuous real-time analog outputs for the controlling of
wheelchair and electrical devices.
Keywords----- Hall effect sensor, magnet, Arduino, voice
module, Lab View
I.
INTRODUCTION
Tongue Drive system (TDS) is a tongueoperated unobtrusive wireless assistive technology,
which can potentially provide people with severe
disabilities with effective computer access and
environment control. It translates users’ intentions into
control commands by detecting and classifying their
voluntary tongue motion utilizing a small permanent
456
magnet, secured on the tongue, and an array of magnetic
sensors mounted on a headset outside the mouth or an
orthodontic brace inside. We have developed customized
interface circuitry and implemented four control
strategies to drive a powered wheel chair (PWC) using
an external TDS prototype.
The main aim of this project is to design and
construct a tongue controlled wheel chair and device
switching wirelessly using RF technology. This device is
portable and this system operation is entirely driven by
wireless technology. The user can control the wheelchair
directions with the simple tongue movement and he can
also request the basic needs like water, food or medicine
using voice module.
The control system consists of Hall Effect
sensor and microcontroller. Microcontroller collects data
from the sensor and transmits the encoded data through
the RF transmitter. At receiver end RF receiver receives
the data through the decoder and fed as input to the
micro controller. The controller performs the
corresponding actions i.e. Wheelchair movement.
This Project consists of two Microcontroller
Units, Wheelchair, relay, Hall Effect sensor and wireless
communication through RF technology. Wheelchair is
made up of high torque Geared DC Motors, the Motors
directions can be changed through the set of instructions
given from the Hall Effect sensor and the action of these
instructions is already loaded into the Microcontroller
using Embedded C programming. The RF receiver
provides the information to the microcontroller (on
board computer) from RF transmitter and the controller
judges whether the instruction is right movement or left
movement based on the tongue movement and controls
the direction. This device is portable and this system
operation is entirely driven by wireless technology.
This project makes use of a Relay for switching
the devices and APR-9600 voice chip for audio
announcements, DC motors for Wheelchair movement,
and Microcontroller, which is programmed, with the
help of embedded C instructions. This microcontroller is
capable of communicating with transmitter and receiver
modules. The Hall Effect sensor detects the movement
of the tongue and provides the information to the
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ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
microcontroller (on board computer) and the controller
judges whether the instruction is right movement or left
movement instruction and controls the operation
respectively. To perform the task, the Arduino is
interfaced to sensors using LabVIEW.
II.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter
Figure 3:LabVIEW for modesetup
Figure 1: Transmitter
Figure4: LabVIEW for switching
III.
Figure 2:Receiver
457
TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
HALL EFFECT SENSORS
The Hall effect is the production of a voltage
difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical
conductor, transverse to an electric current in the
conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the
current. The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the
induced electric field to the product of the current
density and the applied magnetic field.
The Hall Effect comes about due to the nature
of the current in a conductor. Current consists of the
movement of many small charge carriers, typically
electrons, holes, or both. Moving charges experience a
force, called the Lorentz Force, when a magnetic field is
present that is perpendicular to their motion. When such
a magnetic field is absent, the charges follow an
approximately straight, 'line of sight' path. However,
when a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, their
path is curved so that moving charges accumulate on one
face of the material. This leaves equal and opposite
charges exposed on the other face, where there is a
scarcity of mobile charges. The result is an asymmetric
distribution of charge density across the Hall element
Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.
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ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
that is perpendicular to both the 'line of sight' path and
the applied magnetic field. The separation of charge
establishes an electric field that opposes the migration of
further charge, so a steady electrical potential builds up
for as long as the charge is flowing.
Figure 6:Apr33a3 Voice Module
Figure 5: Hall Effect Sensor
SPECIFICATIONS
• Zero Speed to 20 KHz
• No Moving Sensor Parts
• High Temperature Operation to 150°C
• Robust
• Thermally Stable
• Compact
• Lightweight
• Custom Designs Available
ARDUINO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output
pins, 6 analog inputs.It contains a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack and a reset
button.ATmega 328 microcontroller is used as the
hardware platform. It is the controlling unit, to which all
other components (Accelerometers, Motors, RF modules
etc.) are interfaced. Two such microcontrollers are used
in this project, one at the Transmitting end and one at the
Receiving end.
The aPR33A series incorporates all the
functionality required to perform demanding audio/voice
applications. High quality audio/voice systems with
lower bill-of-material costs can be implemented with the
aPR33A series because of its integrated analog data
converters and full suite of quality-enhancing features
such as sample-rate converter.
The aPR33A series C2.0 is specially designed
for simple key trigger, user can record and playback the
message averagely for 1, 2, 4 or 8 voice message(s) by
switch, It is suitable in simple interface or need to limit
the length of single message, e.g. toys, leave messages
system, answering machine etc. Meanwhile, this mode
provides the power-management system. Users can let
the chip enter power-down mode when unused. It can
effectively reduce electric current consuming to 15uA
and increase the using time in any projects powered by
batteries.
IV.
PROJECT FLOWCHART
VOICE MODULE
Today's consumers demand the best in
audio/voice. They want crystal-clear sound wherever they
are in whatever format they want to use. APLUS delivers
the technology to enhance a listener's audio/voice
experience. The aPR33A series are powerful audio
processor along with high performance audio analogto-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog
converters (DACs). The aPR33A series are a fully
integrated solution offering high performance and
unparalleled integration with analog input, digital
processing and analog output functionality.
458
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ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
transmits the encoded data through the RF transmitter.
At receiver end RF receiver receives the data through the
decoder and fed as input to the micro controller. The
controller performs the corresponding actions for the
wheel chair movement and the acknowledgement can be
obtained through voices using voice module.
REFERENCES
V.
CONCLUSION
Integrating features of all the hardware
components used have been developed in it. Presence of
every module has been reasoned out and placed
carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the
unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the
help of growing technology, the project has been
successfully implemented. Thus the project has been
successfully designed and tested.
Our project “Tongue Controlled Speaking
Wheel chair” is mainly intended to design to a wheel
chair which can be controlled by a movement of tongue,
which is very useful for handicapped and paralyzed
persons. The system consists of Hall Effect sensors and a
wheel chair which is interfaced to the controller.
Microcontroller collects data from the sensor and
459
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Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.