101674064
101674064
FLORIDA
BUILDING
Eighth Edition
CODE (2023)
Accessibility
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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2012 FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE
FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 553.503, FLORIDA STATUTES
BASED ON
THE 2010 ADA STANDARDS FOR ACCESSIBLE DESIGN
Item No. 5603L23
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
Florida Building Code, Accessibility, 8th Edition (2023)
First Printing: July 2023
ISBN: 978-1-960701-24-4 (loose leaf edition)
ISBN: 978-1-960701-25-1 (PDF download)
PRINTED IN THE USA
T029077
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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PREFACE
The 1993 Florida Legislature enacted the “Florida Americans with Disability Accessibility Implementation
Act” which incorporated the architectural accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990, Public Law No. 101-336, 42 U.S.C. Section 12101 et. seq. ADA, into Florida law and maintained
existing provisions of Florida law thought to be more stringent than the ADA accessibility guidelines. In
1997 the legislature amended the Act to address U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) concerns with Florida
requirements, which might not have been equivalent or more stringent than ADA architectural standards,
to obtain federal certification of Florida’s building code as substantially equivalent to the Federal ADA
Standards for Accessible Design as adopted by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in 28 CFR 36. The
United States Access Board adopted revised ADA Accessibility Guidelines in 2004. DOJ published final
regulations September 15, 2010 adopting the 2004 Guidelines with additions pursuant to 28 CFR 35 and
28 CFR 36 as the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. The Florida Building Commission updated
the Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction for consistency with the 2010 ADA Standards and
Florida law, Part II, Chapter 553, Florida Statutes, in the summer of 2011. The intent as established by
s.553.502, Florida Statutes, is to maintain the US Department of Justice certification of the Code as
substantially equivalent to the ADA Standards so compliance with the Code provides presumption of
compliance with the ADA Standards. The 1997 Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction was
certified by DOJ, however, the 2012 Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction must also be
reviewed and certified by DOJ. Until the review is completed and DOJ notifies the State the 2012 Code is
certified all parties should maintain due diligence to ensure compliance with both the 2010 ADA Standards
for Accessible Design and the 2012 Florida Accessibility Code. Note: Code certification provides
presumption of rebuttable evidence of compliance with the ADA for private entities (Title III entities) but not
public entities (Title II entities).
Accessibility is a multifaceted issue within the issues of life today. The legislative actions of the 101st
Congress which implemented the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and previous acts of the Florida
Legislature have been combined in the following pages to reflect accessibility laws as they relate to most
areas of construction in Florida. Areas of employment as related to accessibility and/or complaints would
be the responsibility of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1-800-669-4000 or 305-5364491.
Primarily because of the complexities of balancing the rights of the physically disabled and the technically
specific requirements of the built environment, no single agency has been charged with enforcement of all
issues pertaining to accessibility. The following is a listing of agencies and their statutory areas of
responsibility for accessibility. A thorough attempt was made by the Florida Building Commission at the
time of publication of this code to ensure that this manual is a reflection of the laws of Florida and the
administrative rules of each agency as these requirements relate to construction. Because individual
agency rules may change, it is the responsibility of the design professional and the property owner to
ensure compliance with subsequent revisions.
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
1. H.U.D. Office of Fair Housing and Equal
Opportunity Hot Line
Washington, D.C.
Voice: 202-708-1112
TTY: 202-708-1455
www.hud.gov
Atlanta, GA
Voice: 1-404-331-5136
Forms and Publications
1-800-767-7468
Florida Offices
Jacksonville
Voice: 1-904-232-2627
FAX: 1-904-232-3759
Miami
Voice: 1-305-536-5678
FAX: 1-305-536-5765
TTY: 1-305-536-4734
Orlando
Voice: 1-407-648-6441
FAX: 1-407-648-6310
Tampa
Voice: 1-813-228-2026
FAX: 1-813-228-2431
TTY: 1-813-228-2115
2. Florida Commission on Human Relations
Voice: 1-850-488-7082
Voice Message Service: 1-800-342-8170
TDD ASCII 1-800-955-1339
TDD Baudot 1-800-955-8771
Voice Relay Service: 1-800-955-8770
fchr.state.fl.us
3. Public Telephone Installation and
Placement:
Florida Public Service Commission
Voice: 1-800-342-3552
Fax: 1-850-511-0809
TDD: 1-800-955-8771
www.floridapsc.com
6. Elevator Accessibility:
Department of Business Regulation
Bureau of Elevator Inspection
Automated Call System: 1-850-487-1395,
select Hotels & Restaurants, then Elevators
www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/hr/
elevators.html
7. Florida Government Facilities:
Department of Management Services
Division of Real Estate Development and
Management
Voice: 1-850-488-2074
www.dms.myflorida.com/business_operations
real_estate_development_management
8. Hospital and Health Care Facilities:
Agency for Health Care Administration
Office of Plans and Construction
Voice: 1-850-412-4477
www.AHCA.myflorida.com/MCHQ/plans/
9. Public Schools and State Universities:
Florida Department of Education
Office of Educational Facilities
www.fldoe.org/edfacil/
Voice: 1-850-245-0494
Fax: 1-850-245-9236
www.firn.edu/doe/edfacil/
10. State Prisons:
Department of Corrections
Facilities Services
Voice: 1-850-487-1330
www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities
4. Government Parking Facilities:
Florida Department of Transportation
Traffic Operations Office
Voice: 1-866-374-3368, ext. 5253
FAX: 1-850-414-5251
TDD: 1-850-921-0762
iv
5. Accessible Parking Placards:
Department of Highway Safety
and Motor Vehicles
Contact your local Tax Collector's Office.
Contact numbers listed by county at:
www.hsmv.state.fl.us/offices/
11. ADA Questions and Complaints:
United States Department of Justice
Voice: 1-800-514-0301 (select option 7 for
technical assistance)
TTY/TDD: 1-800-514-0383
www.usdoj.gov/disabilities.htm
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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12. Florida Accessibility Code and Waiver
Questions/Direction to Additional
Resources:
Florida Building Commission
Voice: See Commission Website
FAX: See Commission Website
www.FloridaBuilding.org
14. Code Compliance and
Enforcement:
Local Building Departments
13. Historic Preservation:
Office of Cultural and Historical Resources
Division of Historical Resources
Florida Department of State
Voice: 1-850-245-6372
FAX: 1-850-245-6437
dhr.dos.state.fl.us/preservation
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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553.513 Enforcement. It shall be the
responsibility of each local government and each
code enforcement agency established pursuant to
Section 553.80 to enforce the provisions of this
part. This act expressly preempts the
establishment of handicapped accessibility
standards to the state and supersedes any county
or municipal ordinance on the subject. However,
nothing in this section shall prohibit municipalities
and counties from enforcing the provisions of this
act.
History.—s. 6, ch. 89-97; s. 2, ch. 93-183.
Note.—Former s. 553.495.
Department of Business and Professional
Regulation
553.75(3) The department shall be responsible for
the provision of administrative and staff-support
services relating to the functions of the
commission. With respect to matters within the
jurisdiction of the commission, the department
shall be responsible for the implementation and
faithful discharge of all decisions of the
commission made pursuant to its authority under
the provisions of this part. The department is
authorized to use communications media
technology in conducting meetings of the
commission or any meetings held in conjunction
with meetings of the commission.
Florida Building Commission
553.506 Powers of the commission. In addition
to any other authority vested in the Florida Building
Commission by law, the commission, in
implementing this part, may, by rule, adopt revised
and updated versions of the Americans with
Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design in
accordance with Chapter 120.
553.512 Modifications and waivers; advisory
council. The Florida Building Commission shall
provide by regulation criteria for granting individual
modifications of, or exceptions from, the literal
requirements of this part upon a determination of
unnecessary, unreasonable, or extreme hardship,
provided such waivers shall not violate federal
accessibility laws and regulations and shall be
reviewed by the Accessibility Advisory Council
vi
(see Section 553.512, Florida Statutes).
(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this
subsection if an applicant for a waiver
demonstrates economic hardship in accordance
with 28 C.F.R. s. 36.403(f)(1), a waiver shall be
granted. The commission may not consider
waiving any of the requirements of Section
553.5041 unless the applicant first demonstrates
that he or she has applied for and been denied
waiver or variance from all local government
zoning, subdivision regulations, or other
ordinances that prevent compliance therewith.
Further, the commission may not waive the
requirement of Section 553.5041(5)(a) and (c)1
governing the minimum width of accessible routes
and minimum width of accessible parking spaces.
(2) The Accessibility Advisory Council shall
consist of the following seven members, who shall
be knowledgeable in the area of accessibility for
persons with disabilities. The secretary of
community affairs shall appoint the following: a
representative from the Advocacy Center for
Persons with Disabilities, Inc.; a representative
from the Division of Blind Services; a
representative from the Division of Vocational
Rehabilitation; a representative from a statewide
organization
representing
the
physically
handicapped; a representative from the hearing
impaired; a representative from the president,
Florida Council of Handicapped Organizations;
and a representative of the Paralyzed Veterans of
America. The terms for the first three council
members appointed subsequent to October 1,
1991, shall be four years; the terms for the next
two council members appointed shall be for three
years; and the terms for the next two members
shall be for two years. Thereafter, all council
member appointments shall be for terms of four
years. No council member shall serve more than
two four-year terms subsequent to October 1,
1991. Any member of the council may be replaced
by the secretary upon three unexcused absences.
Upon application made in the form provided, an
individual waiver or modification may be granted
by the commission so long as such modification or
waiver is not in conflict with more stringent
standards provided in another chapter.
(3) Members of the council shall serve without
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
compensation, but shall be entitled to
reimbursement for per diem and travel expenses
as provided by Section 112.061.
constitute rebuttable evidence the facility has been
constructed or altered in accordance with the
minimum accessibility requirements of the ADA.
(4) Meetings of the advisory council shall be held
in conjunction with the regular meetings of the
commission.
History.—s. 3, ch. 78-333; s. 1, ch. 82-46; s. 2, ch.
83-265; s. 25, ch. 86-220; s. 5, ch. 89-97; ss. 1, 5,
6, ch. 91-172; s. 5, ch. 91-429; s. 2, ch. 93-183; s.
10, ch. 97-76; s. 68, ch. 2000-141; s. 61, ch. 2000154; s. 13, ch. 2002-293.
Background shaded text and blue print text
indicate changes to the 2004 ADA Accessibility
Guidelines (ADAAG). Requirements based on
Florida law are indicated by gray background
shading. Requirements based on the U.S.
Department of Justice regulations 28 CFR, Part 35
and 28 CFR, Part 36 and the U.S. Department of
Transportation regulation 49 CFR, Part 37 are
indicated in blue print.
Florida Law
Federal ADA Rules
The Florida Accessibility Code for Building
Construction is established by Florida law, Part II,
Chapter 553, Florida Statutes, (Sections 553.501 553.513, Florida Statutes). The law was amended
in 2011 and its resulting requirements are
integrated into this code. The revisions are
established by chapter 2011-222, Laws of Florida.
Laws of Florida and Florida Statutes can be
accessed through the Florida Department of State,
Division of Library & Information Sciences web site
http://dlis.dos.state.fl.us/fgils/government.html.
US Department of Justice
2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
http://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards_
index.htm
US Department of Transportation
ADA Standards for Transportation Facilities
http://www.access-board.gov/ada-aba/adastandards-dot.cfm
Waivers
The Florida Building Commission may waive
Florida specific requirements of this code. It
does not waive requirements of this code to
standards below the federal ADA standards on
which it is based. Applications for waiver and the
criteria for their review are established by Rule
Chapter 9N-4, Florida Administrative Code.
Current versions of the Rule can be accessed
through the Florida Department of State web site
http://dlis.dos.state.fl.us/fgils/government.html.
Applications can be found on the Florida
Building
Commission
web
site
www.FloridaBuilding.org.
General Notes
If an official either waives an accessible element or
feature or allows a change that does not provide
equivalent facilitation, the fact that the Department
of Justice has certified the code itself will not
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
viii
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1:
Application and Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
101
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
102
Dimensions for Adults and Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
103
Equivalent Facilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
104
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
105
Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
106
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 2:
Scoping Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
201
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
202
Existing Buildings and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
203
General Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
204
Protruding Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
205
Operable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
206
Accessible Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
207
Accessible Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
208
Parking Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
209
Passenger Loading Zones and Bus Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
210
Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
211
Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
212
Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
213
Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
214
Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
215
Fire Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
216
Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
217
Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
218
Transportation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
219
Assistive Listening Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
220
Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
221
Assembly Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
222
Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
223
Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
224
Transient Lodging Guest Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
225
Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
226
Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
227
Sales and Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
228
Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines,
Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
229
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
230
Two-Way Communication Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
231
Judicial Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
232
Detention Facilities and Correctional Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
233
Residential Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
234
Amusement Rides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
235
Recreational Boating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
236
Exercise Machines and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
237
Fishing Piers and Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
238
Golf Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
239
Miniature Golf Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
240
Play Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
241
Saunas and Steam Rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
242
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
243
Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Chapter 3:
Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
301
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
302
Floor or Ground Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
303
Changes in Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
304
Turning Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
305
Clear Floor or Ground Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
306
Knee and Toe Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
307
Protruding Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
308
Reach Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
309
Operable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Chapter 4:
Accessible Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
401
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
402
Accessible Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
403
Walking Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
404
Doors, Doorways, and Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
405
Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
406
Curb Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
407
Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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408
Limited-Use/Limited-Application Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
409
Private Residence Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
410
Platform Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Chapter 5:
General Site and Building Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
501
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
502
Parking Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
503
Passenger Loading Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
504
Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
505
Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Chapter 6:
Plumbing Elements and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
601
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
602
Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
603
Toilet and Bathing Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
604
Water Closets and Toilet Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
605
Urinals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
606
Lavatories and Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
607
Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
608
Shower Compartments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
609
Grab Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
610
Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
611
Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
612
Saunas and Steam Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Chapter 7:
Communication Elements and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
702
Fire Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
703
Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
704
Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
705
Detectable Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
706
Assistive Listening Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
707
Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
708
Two-Way Communication Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Chapter 8:
Special Rooms, Spaces and Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
801
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
802
Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
803
Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
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804
Kitchens and Kitchenettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
805
Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
806
Transient Lodging Guest Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
807
Holding Cells and Housing Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
808
Courtrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
809
Residential Dwelling Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
810
Transportation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
811
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Chapter 9:
Built-In Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
901
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
902
Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
903
Benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
904
Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Chapter 10: Recreation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
1001
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
1002
Amusement Rides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
1003
Recreational Boating Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
1004
Exercise Machines and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
1005
Fishing Piers and Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
1006
Golf Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
1007
Miniature Golf Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
1008
Play Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
1009
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
1010
Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
xii
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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101 PURPOSE
101.1 General. This code contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to sites, facilities, buildings,
and elements by individuals with disabilities. The requirements are to be applied during the design, construction,
additions to, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements.
Advisory 101.1 General. In addition to the 2004 ADAAG requirements, covered entities must
comply with the regulations issued by the Department of Justice and the Department of
Transportation under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
The Department of Justice regulations 28 CFR, Part 35 and 28 CFR, Part 36, the Department of
Transportation 49 CFR, Part 37 and the requirements of Florida law Part II, chapter 553, F.S. have
been incorporated in this code.
This code is adopted as part of the Florida Building Code by law, s.553.73(1)(a), Florida Statutes.
The administrative requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building, Chapter 1 not specifically
addressed by this code apply to construction necessary to comply with this code, e.g. permitting,
construction documents, plans review and inspections, etc.
101.1.1 This code shall take effect March 15, 2012. After July 1, 2011 and prior to March 15, 2012 this code
may be used to comply with chapter 2011-222, section 29, Laws of Florida.
101.1.2 All new or altered public buildings and facilities, private buildings and facilities, places of public
accommodation, and commercial facilities subject to this code shall comply with this code.
101.1.3 This code establishes standards for accessibility to places of public accommodation and commercial
facilities by individuals with disabilities. This code shall also apply: to state and local government facilities
pursuant to Section 553.503, F.S.; to private clubs pursuant to Section 553.505, F.S.; and to residential
buildings pursuant to Section 553.504(2), F.S., and the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. It is to be
applied during the design construction and alteration of such buildings and facilities as required by this code.
101.1.4 This code is not intended to expand or diminish the defenses available to a place of public
accommodation or a commercial facility under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design, including, but not limited to, the readily achievable standard, and the standards applicable
to alterations to places of public accommodation and commercial facilities.
101.2 Effect on Removal of Barriers in Existing Facilities.
Removal of architectural barriers, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. s. 36.304, from buildings, structures or facilities shall
comply with this code’s requirements for alterations unless compliance would render the removal not readily
achievable. In no instance shall the removal of an architectural barrier create a significant risk to the health or safety
of an individual with a disability or others.
This code applies to alterations to existing facilities that are subject to the barrier removal requirement under Title III
of the ADA to the extent required by regulations issued by the Department of Justice incorporated in 202.6.1 and to
alterations undertaken by Title II entities to provide program access.
This document does not address existing facilities unless altered at the discretion of a covered entity. The Department
of Justice has authority over existing facilities that are subject to the requirement for removal of barriers under Title III of
the ADA. Any determination that this document applies to existing facilities subject to the barrier removal requirement
is solely within the discretion of the Department of Justice and is effective only to the extent required by regulations
issued by the Department of Justice.
102 DIMENSIONS FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN
The technical requirements are based on adult dimensions and anthropometrics. In addition, this code includes
technical requirements based on children’s dimensions and anthropometrics for drinking fountains, water closets,
toilet compartments, lavatories and sinks, dining surfaces, and work surfaces.
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103 EQUIVALENT FACILITATION
Nothing in these requirements prevents the use of designs, products, or technologies as alternatives to those
prescribed, provided they result in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability. Departure from the
explicit technical and scoping requirements of this code for any element voids any otherwise applicable presumption
of rebuttable evidence that the element has been constructed or altered in accordance with the minimum
accessibility requirements of the ADA.
Advisory 103 Equivalent Facilitation. The responsibility for demonstrating equivalent facilitation in the event of a challenge rests with the covered entity. With the exception of transit
facilities, which are covered by regulations issued by the Department of Transportation,
there is no process for certifying that an alternative design provides equivalent facilitation.
US Department of Justice “certification” of the Florida Accessibility Code as substantially
equivalent to the ADA Standards for Accessible Design means the code meets or exceeds
the minimum requirements of Title III of the ADA for accessibility and usability of facilities
covered by Title III. Certification provides private entities, complying with the Florida code a
“presumption of rebuttable evidence” of compliance with the ADA Title III regulations. However, the “presumption” applies only if the explicit requirements of the code are met. Equivalent Facilitation is authorized for alternate methods of providing accessibility but those
alternate methods will not be afforded the “presumption.”
104 CONVENTIONS
104.1 Dimensions. Dimensions that are not stated as “maximum” or “minimum” are absolute.
104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. All dimensions are subject to conventional industry
tolerances except where the requirement is stated as a range with specific minimum and maximum end points.
Advisory 104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. Conventional industry
tolerances recognized by this provision include those for field conditions and those that may be a
necessary consequence of a particular manufacturing process. Recognized tolerances are not
intended to apply to design work.
It is good practice when specifying dimensions to avoid specifying a tolerance where dimensions
are absolute. For example, if this code requires “1 inches,” avoid specifying “1 inches plus or minus
X inches.”
Where the requirement states a specified range, such as in Section 609.4 where grab bars must
be installed between 33 inches and 36 inches above the floor, the range provides an adequate
tolerance and therefore no tolerance outside of the range at either end point is permitted.
Where a requirement is a minimum or a maximum dimension that does not have two specific
minimum and maximum end points, tolerances may apply. Where an element is to be installed at
the minimum or maximum permitted dimension, such as “15 inches minimum” or “5 pounds
maximum,” it would not be good practice to specify “5 pounds (plus X pounds) or 15 inches (minus
X inches).” Rather, it would be good practice to specify a dimension less than the required
maximum (or more than the required minimum) by the amount of the expected field or
manufacturing tolerance and not to state any tolerance in conjunction with the specified
dimension.
Specifying dimensions in design in the manner described above will better ensure that facilities
and elements accomplish the level of accessibility intended by these requirements. It will also
more often produce an end result of strict and literal compliance with the stated requirements and
eliminate enforcement difficulties and issues that might otherwise arise. Information on specific
tolerances may be available from industry or trade organizations, code groups and building
officials, and published references.
104.2 Calculation of Percentages. Where the required number of elements or facilities to be provided is
determined by calculations of ratios or percentages and remainders or fractions result, the next greater whole
number of such elements or facilities shall be provided. Where the determination of the required size or dimension of
an element or facility involves ratios or percentages, rounding down for values less than one half shall be permitted.
2
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION
FIGURE 104
GRAPHIC CONVENTION FOR FIGURES
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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SCOPING
104.3 Figures. Unless specifically stated otherwise, figures are provided for informational purposes only.
105 REFERENCED STANDARDS
105.1 General. The standards listed in 105.2 are incorporated by reference in this code and are part of the
requirements to the prescribed extent of each such reference. The Director of the Federal Register has approved
these standards for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the
referenced standards may be inspected at the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F
Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004; at the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights
Section, 1425 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC; at the Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street,
SW, Room 10424, Washington DC; or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information
on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/
code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
105.2 Referenced Standards. The specific edition of the standards listed below are referenced in this code. Where
differences occur between this code and the referenced standards, this code applies.
105.2.1 ANSI/BHMA. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the Builders Hardware
Manufacturers Association, 355
Lexington
Avenue, 17th
floor,
New
York, NY
10017 (http://
www.buildershardware.com).
ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1999 American National Standard for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors (see 404.3).
ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1997 American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated
Doors (see 404.3, 408.3.2.1, and 409.3.1).
ANSI/BHMA A156.19-2002 American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated
Doors (see 404.3, 408.3.2.1, and 409.3.1).
Advisory 105.2.1 ANSI/BHMA. ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1999 applies to power operated doors for
pedestrian use which open automatically when approached by pedestrians. Included are
provisions intended to reduce the chance of user injury or entrapment.
ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1997 and A156.19-2002 applies to power assist doors, low energy power
operated doors or low energy power open doors for pedestrian use not provided for in ANSI/BHMA
A156.10 for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors. Included are provisions intended to reduce the
chance of user injury or entrapment.
105.2.2 ASME. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016 (http://www.asme.org).
ASME A17.1-2000 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, including ASME A17.1a-2002 Addenda and
ASME A17.1b-2003 Addenda (see 407.1, 408.1, 409.1, and 810.9).
ASME A18.1-1999 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts, including ASME A18.1a-2001
Addenda and ASME A18.1b-2001 Addenda (see 410.1).
ASME A18.1-2003 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts, (see 410.1).
4
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Advisory 105.2.2 ASME. ASME A17.1-2000 is used by local jurisdictions throughout the
United States for the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of elevators and escalators. The majority of the requirements
apply to the operational machinery not seen or used by elevator passengers. ASME A17.1
requires a two-way means of emergency communications in passenger elevators. This
means of communication must connect with emergency or authorized personnel and not an
automated answering system. The communication system must be push button activated.
The activation button must be permanently identified with the word “HELP.” A visual indication acknowledging the establishment of a communications link to authorized personnel
must be provided. The visual indication must remain on until the call is terminated by authorized personnel. The building location, the elevator car number, and the need for assistance
must be provided to authorized personnel answering the emergency call. The use of a handset by the communications system is prohibited. Only the authorized personnel answering
the call can terminate the call. Operating instructions for the communications system must
be provided in the elevator car.
The provisions for escalators require that at least two flat steps be provided at the entrance
and exit of every escalator and that steps on escalators be demarcated by yellow lines 2
inches wide maximum along the back and sides of steps.
ASME A18.1-1999 and ASME A18.1-2003 address the design, construction, installation,
operation, inspection, testing, maintenance and repair of lifts that are intended for transportation of persons with disabilities. Lifts are classified as: vertical platform lifts, inclined platform lifts, inclined stairway chairlifts, private residence vertical platform lifts, private
residence inclined platform lifts, and private residence inclined stairway chairlifts.
This code does not permit the use of inclined stairway chairlifts which do not provide platforms because such lifts require the user to transfer to a seat.
ASME A18.1 contains requirements for runways, which are the spaces in which platforms or
seats move. The standard includes additional provisions for runway enclosures, electrical
equipment and wiring, structural support, headroom clearance (which is 80 inches minimum), lower level access ramps and pits. The enclosure walls not used for entry or exit are
required to have a grab bar the full length of the wall on platform lifts. Access ramps are required to meet requirements similar to those for ramps in Chapter 4 of this code.
Each of the lift types addressed in ASME A18.1 must meet requirements for capacity, load,
speed, travel, operating devices, and control equipment. The maximum permitted height for
operable parts is consistent with Section 308 of this code. The standard also addresses attendant operation. However, Section 410.1 of this code does not permit attendant operation.
105.2.3 ASTM. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and
Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 (http://www.astm.org).
ASTM F 1292-99 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and
Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.2).
Around
ASTM F 1292-04 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of
Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.2).
ASTM F 1487-01 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public
Use (see 106.5).
ASTM F 1951-99 Standard Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around
Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.1).
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Advisory 105.2.3 ASTM. ASTM F 1292-99 and ASTM F 1292-04 establish a uniform means
to measure and compare characteristics of surfacing materials to determine whether materials provide a safe surface under and around playground equipment. These standards are
referenced in the play areas requirements of this code when an accessible surface is required inside a play area use zone where a fall attenuating surface is also required. The standards cover the minimum impact attenuation requirements, when tested in accordance with
Test Method F 355, for surface systems to be used under and around any piece of playground equipment from which a person may fall.
ASTM F 1487-01 establishes a nationally recognized safety standard for public playground
equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
It defines the use zone, which is the ground area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play
structure or play equipment designed for unrestricted circulation around the equipment and
on whose surface it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting a play
structure or equipment. The play areas requirements in this code reference the ASTM F
1487 standard when defining accessible routes that overlap use zones requiring fall attenuating surfaces. If the use zone of a playground is not entirely surfaced with an accessible material, at least one accessible route within the use zone must be provided from the perimeter
to all accessible play structures or components within the playground.
ASTM F 1951-99 establishes a uniform means to measure the characteristics of surface systems in order to provide performance specifications to select materials for use as an accessible surface under and around playground equipment. Surface materials that comply with this
standard and are located in the use zone must also comply with ASTM F 1292. The test methods in this standard address access for children and adults who may traverse the surfacing to
aid children who are playing. When a surface is tested it must have an average work per foot
value for straight propulsion and for turning less than the average work per foot values for
straight propulsion and for turning, respectively, on a hard, smooth surface with a grade of
7% (1:14).
105.2.4 ICC/IBC. Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the International Code Council, 5203
Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, Virginia 22041 (www.iccsafe.org).
International Building Code, 2000 Edition (see 207.1, 207.2, 216.4.2, 216.4.3, and 1005.2.1).
International Building Code, 2001 Supplement (see 207.1 and 207.2).
International Building Code, 2003 Edition (see 207.1, 207.2, 216.4.2, 216.4.3, and 1005.2.1).
Advisory 105.2.4 ICC/IBC. International Building Code (IBC)-2000 (including 2001 Supplement to the International Codes) and IBC-2003 are referenced for means of egress, areas of
refuge, and railings provided on fishing piers and platforms. At least one accessible means of
egress is required for every accessible space and at least two accessible means of egress
are required where more than one means of egress is required. The technical criteria for accessible means of egress allow the use of exit stairways and evacuation elevators when provided in conjunction with horizontal exits or areas of refuge. While typical elevators are not
designed to be used during an emergency evacuation, evacuation elevators are designed
with standby power and other features according to the elevator safety standard and can be
used for the evacuation of individuals with disabilities. The IBC also provides requirements
for areas of refuge, which are fire-rated spaces on levels above or below the exit discharge
levels where people unable to use stairs can go to register a call for assistance and wait for
evacuation.
The recreation facilities requirements of this code references two sections in the IBC for fishing piers and platforms. An exception addresses the height of the railings, guards, or handrails where a fishing pier or platform is required to include a guard, railing, or handrail higher
than 34 inches (865 mm) above the ground or deck surface.
105.2.5 NFPA. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471, (http://www.nfpa.org).
6
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, 1999 Edition (see 702.1 and 809.5.2).
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, 2002 Edition (see 702.1 and 809.5.2).
Advisory 105.2.5 NFPA. NFPA 72-1999 and NFPA 72-2002 address the application, installation, performance, and maintenance of protective signaling systems and their components. The NFPA 72 incorporates Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 1971 by reference. The
standard specifies the characteristics of audible alarms, such as placement and sound levels. However, Section 702 of these requirements limits the volume of an audible alarm to 110
dBA, rather than the maximum 120 dBA permitted by NFPA 72-1999.
NFPA 72 specifies characteristics for visible alarms, such as flash frequency, color, intensity,
placement, and synchronization. However, Section 702 of this code requires that visual
alarm appliances be permanently installed. UL 1971 specifies intensity dispersion requirements for visible alarms. In particular, NFPA 72 requires visible alarms to have a light source
that is clear or white and has polar dispersion complying with UL 1971.
106 DEFINITIONS
106.1 General. For the purpose of this code, the terms defined in 106.5 have the indicated meaning.
Advisory 106.1 General. Terms defined in Section 106.5 are italicized in the text of this
code.
106.2 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards. Terms not defined in 106.5 or in regulations issued by the
Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation to implement the Americans with Disabilities Act, but
specifically defined in a referenced standard, shall have the specified meaning from the referenced standard unless
otherwise stated.
106.3 Undefined Terms. The meaning of terms not specifically defined in 106.5 or in regulations issued by the
Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation to implement the Americans with Disabilities Act or in
referenced standards shall be as defined by collegiate dictionaries in the sense that the context implies.
106.4 Interchangeability. Words, terms and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the
plural include the singular.
106.5 Defined Terms.
Accessible. A site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with this part.
Accessible Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any point in a building or
facility that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, or a public way.
Addition. An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross floor area or height of a building or facility.
Administrative Authority. A governmental agency that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the
design, construction, or alteration of buildings and facilities.
Alteration. A change to a building or facility that affects or could affect the usability of the building or facility or
portion thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction,
historic restoration, resurfacing of circulation paths or vehicular ways, changes or rearrangement of the structural
parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of walls and full-height partitions. Normal
maintenance, reroofing, painting or wallpapering, asbestos removal, or changes to mechanical and electrical
systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building or facility.
Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function (See also, “Primary Function”).
Amusement Attraction. Any facility, or portion of a facility, located within an amusement park or theme park which
provides amusement without the use of an amusement device. Amusement attractions include, but are not limited to,
fun houses, barrels, and other attractions without seats.
Amusement Ride. A system that moves persons through a fixed course within a defined area for the purpose of
amusement.
Amusement Ride Seat. A seat that is built-in or mechanically fastened to an amusement ride intended to be
occupied by one or more passengers.
Area of Sport Activity. That portion of a room or space where the play or practice of a sport occurs.
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Assembly Area. A building or facility, or portion thereof, used for the purpose of entertainment, educational or civic
gatherings, or similar purposes. For the purposes of these requirements, assembly areas include, but are not limited
to, classrooms, lecture halls, courtrooms, public meeting rooms, public hearing rooms, legislative chambers, motion
picture houses, auditoria, theaters, playhouses, dinner theaters, concert halls, centers for the performing arts,
amphitheaters, arenas, stadiums, grandstands, or convention centers.
Assistive Listening System (ALS). An amplification system utilizing transmitters, receivers, and coupling devices
to bypass the acoustical space between a sound source and a listener by means of induction loop, radio frequency,
infrared, or direct-wired equipment.
Boarding Pier. A portion of a pier where a boat is temporarily secured for the purpose of embarking or
disembarking.
Boat Launch Ramp. A sloped surface designed for launching and retrieving trailered boats and other water craft to
and from a body of water.
Boat Slip. That portion of a pier, main pier, finger pier, or float where a boat is moored for the purpose of berthing,
embarking, or disembarking.
Building. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Catch Pool. A pool or designated section of a pool used as a terminus for water slide flumes.
Characters. Letters, numbers, punctuation marks and typographic symbols.
Children’s Use. Describes spaces and elements specifically designed for use primarily by people 12 years old and
younger.
Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of passage provided for pedestrian travel, including but not limited to,
walks, hallways, courtyards, elevators, platform lifts, ramps, stairways, and landings.
Closed-Circuit Telephone. A telephone with a dedicated line such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that
must be used to gain entry to a facility.
Commerce. Travel, trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication:
(1) Among the several states;
(2) Between any foreign country or any territory or possession and any state; or
(3) Between points in the same state but through another state or foreign country.
Commercial Facilities. Facilities:
(1) Whose operations will affect commerce;
(2) That are intended for nonresidential use by a private entity; and
(3) That are not:
(a) Facilities that are covered or expressly exempted from coverage under the Fair Housing Act of 1968, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 3601-3631);
(b) Aircraft; or
(c) Railroad locomotives, railroad freight cars, railroad cabooses, commuter or intercity passenger rail cars
(including coaches, dining cars, sleeping cars, lounge cars, and food service cars), and any other railroad
cars described in Section 242 of the ADA or covered under Title II of the ADA, or railroad rights-of-way.
For purposes of this definition, “rail” and “railroad” have the meaning given the term “railroad” in Section
202(e) of the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970 [45 U.S.C. 431(e)].
Common Use. Interior or exterior circulation paths, rooms, spaces, or elements that are not for public use and are
made available for the shared use of two or more people.
Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel (see running slope).
Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to it.
8
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Designated Public Transportation. Transportation provided by a public entity (other than public school
transportation) by bus, rail, or other conveyance (other than transportation by aircraft or inter-city or commuter rail
transportation) that provides the general public with general or special service, including charter service, on a regular
and continuing basis.
Detectable Warning. A standardized surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to
warn of hazards on a circulation path.
Disability. With respect to an individual, a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the
major life activities of such individual; a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an
impairment.
(1) The phrase physical or mental impairment means:
(a) Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or an anatomical loss affecting one or
more of the following body systems; neurological; musculoskeletal; special sense organs; respiratory,
including speech organs; cardiovascular; reproductive; digestive; genitourinary; hemic and lymphatic;
skin; and endocrine;
(b) Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or
mental illness, and specific learning disabilities;
(c) The phrase physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such contagious and
noncontagious diseases and conditions as orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments, cerebral
palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, mental
retardation, emotional illness, specific learning disabilities, HIV disease (whether symptomatic or
asymptomatic), tuberculosis, drug addiction, and alcoholism;
(d) The phrase physical or mental impairment does not include homosexuality or bisexuality.
(2) The phrase major life activities means functions such as caring for one’s self, performing manual tasks,
walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning and working.
(3) The phrase has a record of such an impairment means has a history of, or has been misclassified as having,
a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
(4) The phrase is regarded as having an impairment means:
(a) Has a physical or mental impairment that does not substantially limit major life activities but that is treated
by a private entity as constituting such a limitation;
(b) Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities only as a result of the
attitudes of others toward such impairment; or
(c) Has none of the impairments defined in paragraph (1) of this definition but is treated by a private entity as
having such an impairment.
(5) The term “disability” does not include:
(a) Transvestism, transsexualism, pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, gender identity disorders not
resulting from physical impairments, or other sexual behavior disorders;
(b) Compulsive gambling, kleptomania or pyromania; or
(c) Psychoactive substance use disorders resulting from current illegal use of drugs.
Element. An architectural or mechanical component of a building, facility, space, or site.
Elevated Play Component. A play component that is approached above or below grade and that is part of a
composite play structure consisting of two or more play components attached or functionally linked to create an
integrated unit providing more than one play activity.
Employee Work Area. All or any portion of a space used only by employees and used only for work. Corridors, toilet
rooms, kitchenettes and break rooms are not employee work areas.
Entrance. Any access point to a building or portion of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An
entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading to the entrance platform, the entrance platform
itself, vestibule if provided, the entry door or gate, and the hardware of the entry door or gate.
Existing Facility. A facility in existence on any given date, without regard to whether the facility may also be
considered newly constructed or altered under this code.
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Facility. All or any portion of buildings, structures, site improvements, elements, and pedestrian routes or vehicular
ways located on a site.
Gangway. A variable-sloped pedestrian walkway that links a fixed structure or land with a floating structure.
Gangways that connect to vessels are not addressed by this code.
Golf Car Passage. A continuous passage on which a motorized golf car can operate.
Ground Level Play Component. A play component that is approached and exited at the ground level.
Housing at a Place of Education. Housing operated by or on behalf of an elementary, secondary, undergraduate,
or postgraduate school, or other place of education, including dormitories, suites, apartments, or other places of
residence.
Key Station. Rapid and light rail stations, and commuter rail stations, as defined under criteria established by the
Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 37.47 and 49 CFR 37.51, respectively.
Mail Boxes. Receptacles for the receipt of documents, packages, or other deliverable matter. Mail boxes include, but
are not limited to, post office boxes and receptacles provided by commercial mail-receiving agencies, apartment
facilities, or schools.
Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or other identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.
Maximum Extent Feasible. The phrase “to the maximum extent feasible,” as used in this code, applies to the case
where the nature of an existing facility makes it virtually impossible to comply fully with applicable accessibility
standards through a planned alteration. In these circumstances, the alteration shall provide the maximum physical
accessibility feasible. Any altered features of the facility that can be made accessible shall be made accessible. If
providing accessibility in conformance with this section to individuals with certain disabilities (e.g., those who use
wheelchairs) would not be feasible, the facility shall be made accessible to persons with other types of disabilities
(e.g., those who use crutches, those who have impaired vision or hearing, or those who have other impairments).
Mezzanine. An intermediate level or levels between the floor and ceiling of any story with an aggregate floor area of
not more than one-third of the area of the room or space in which the level or levels are located. Mezzanines have
sufficient elevation that space for human occupancy can be provided on the floor below.
Occupant Load. The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion of a building is
designed.
Operable Part. A component of an element used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or adjust
the element.
Path of Travel.
(1) A path of travel includes a continuous, unobstructed way of pedestrian passage by means of which the
altered area may be approached, entered, and exited, and which connects the altered area with an exterior
approach (including sidewalks, streets, and parking areas), an entrance to the facility, and other parts of the
facility.
(2) An accessible path of travel may consist of walks and sidewalks, curb ramps and other interior or exterior
pedestrian ramps; clear floor paths through lobbies, corridors, rooms, and other improved areas; parking
access aisles; elevators and lifts; or a combination of these elements. In transportation facilities covered by
49 CFR 37, an accessible path of travel may include walks and sidewalks, curb ramps and other interior or
exterior pedestrian ramps, clear floor paths through corridors, waiting areas, concourses, and other improved
areas, parking access aisles, elevators and lifts, bridges, tunnels, or other passageways between platforms,
or a combination of these and other elements.
(3) For the purposes of this code, the term “path of travel” also includes the restrooms, telephones, and drinking
fountains serving the altered area.
Pictogram. A pictorial symbol that represents activities, facilities, or concepts.
10
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Places of Lodging. See “Place of Public Accommodation.”
Place of Public Accommodation. A facility, operated by a private entity, whose operations affect commerce and
fall within at least one of the following categories:
(1) Places of lodging. Except for an establishment located within a facility that contains not more than five rooms
for rent or hire and that actually is occupied by the proprietor of the establishment as the residence of the
proprietor. For purposes of this part, a facility is a “place of lodging” if it is—
(i) An inn, hotel, or motel; or
(ii) A facility that—
(A) Provides guest rooms for sleeping for stays that primarily are short-term in nature (generally 30 days or
less) where the occupant does not have the right to return to a specific room or unit after the conclusion
of his or her stay; and
(B) Provides guest rooms under conditions and with amenities similar to a hotel, motel, or inn, including
the following—
(1) On- or off-site management and reservations service;
(2) Rooms available on a walk-up or call-in basis;
(3) Availability of housekeeping or linen service; and
(4) Acceptance of reservations for a guest room type without guaranteeing a particular unit or room until
check-in, and without a prior lease or security deposit.
Resort condominiums are considered to be public lodging establishments pursuant to Section 509.242,
F.S.;
(2) Establishments serving food and drink. A restaurant, bar, or other establishment serving food or drink;
(3) Places of exhibition or entertainment. A motion picture house, theater, concert hall, stadium, or other place of
exhibition or entertainment;
(4) Places of public gathering. An auditorium, convention center, lecture hall, or other place of public gathering;
(5) Sales or rental establishments. A bakery, grocery store, clothing store, hardware store, shopping center, or
other sales or rental establishment;
(6) Service establishments. A laundromat, dry-cleaner, bank, barber shop, beauty shop, travel service, shoe
repair service, funeral parlor, gas station, office of an accountant or lawyer, pharmacy, insurance office,
professional office of a health care provider, hospital, or other service establishment;
(7) Stations used for specified public transportation. A terminal, depot, or other station used for specified public
transportation;
(8) Places of public display or collection. A museum, library, gallery, or other place of public display or collection;
(9) Places of recreation. A park, zoo, amusement park, or other place of recreation;
(10) Places of education. A nursery, elementary, secondary, undergraduate, or postgraduate private school, or
other place of education;
(11) Social service center establishments. A day care center, senior citizen center, homeless shelter, food bank,
adoption agency, or other social service center establishment;
(12) Places of exercise or recreation. A gymnasium, health spa, bowling alley, golf course, or other place of
exercise or recreation;
Primary Function. A major activity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain a primary function include,
but are not limited to, the customer services lobby of a bank, the dining area of a cafeteria, the meeting rooms in a
conference center, as well as offices and other work areas in which the activities of the public entity, public
accommodation or other private entity using the facility are carried out. Mechanical rooms, boiler rooms, supply
storage rooms, employee lounges or locker rooms, janitorial closets, entrances, and corridors are not areas
containing a primary function. Restrooms are not areas containing a primary function unless the provision of
restrooms is a primary purpose of the area, e.g., in highway rest stops. Areas of transportation facilities that involve
primary functions include, but are not necessarily limited to, ticket purchase and collection areas, passenger waiting
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areas, train or bus platforms, baggage checking and return areas and employment areas (except those involving
non-occupiable spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very narrow passageways, or freight
(non-passenger) elevators which are frequented only by repair personnel).
Play Area. A portion of a site containing play components designed and constructed for children.
Play Component. An element intended to generate specific opportunities for play, socialization, or learning. Play
components are manufactured or natural; and are stand-alone or part of a composite play structure.
Private Building or Facility. A place of public accommodation or a commercial building or facility subject to title III
of the ADA and 28 CFR part 36 or a transportation building or facility subject to title III of the ADA and 49 CFR 37.45.
Private Club. A private club or establishment exempted from coverage under title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
(42 U.S.C. 2000a(e)).
Private Entity. A person or entity other than a public entity.
Professional Office of a Health Care Provider. A location where a person or entity, regulated by a State to provide
professional services related to the physical or mental health of an individual, makes such services available to the
public. The facility housing the “professional office of a health care provider” only includes floor levels housing at
least one health care provider, or any floor level designed or intended for use by at least one health care provider.
Public accommodation. A private entity that owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public
accommodation.
Public Building or Facility. A building or facility or portion of a building or facility designed, constructed, or altered
by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity subject to title II of the ADA and 28 CFR part 35 or to title II of the
ADA and 49 CFR 37.41 or 37.43.
Public entity.
(1) Any State or local government;
(2) Any department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or States or local
government; and
(3) The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, and any commuter authority (as defined in section 103(8) of
the Rail Passenger Service Act). (45 U.S.C. 541)
Public Entrance. An entrance that is not a service entrance or a restricted entrance.
Public Use. Interior or exterior rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available to the public. Public use may be
provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly owned.
Public Way. Any street, alley or other parcel of land open to the outside air leading to a public street, which has been
deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clear width
and height of not less than 10 feet (3050 mm).
Qualified Historic Building or Facility. A building or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places, or designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.
Ramp. A walking surface that has a running slope steeper than 1:20.
Readily Achievable. Easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense.
Residential Dwelling Unit. A unit intended to be used as a residence, that is primarily long-term in nature.
Residential dwelling units do not include transient lodging, inpatient medical care, licensed long-term care, and
detention or correctional facilities.
Resort Condominium. (Section 509.242, F.S.). A resort condominium is any unit or group of units in a
condominium, cooperative, or time-share plan which is rented more than three times a calendar year for periods of
less than 30 days or one calendar month, whichever is less, or which is advertised or held out to the public as a place
regularly rented for periods of less than 30 days or one calendar month, whichever is less (see also, Places of
Lodging).
Restricted Entrance. An entrance that is made available for common use on a controlled basis but not public use
and that is not a service entrance.
Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel (see cross slope).
12
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Self-Service Storage. Building or facility designed and used for the purpose of renting or leasing individual storage
spaces to customers for the purpose of storing and removing personal property on a self-service basis.
Service Entrance. An entrance intended primarily for delivery of goods or services.
Shopping Center or Shopping Mall.
(1) A building housing five or more sales or rental establishments; or
(2) A series of buildings on a common site, either under common ownership or common control or developed
either as one project or as a series of related projects, housing five or more sales or rental establishments.
For purposes of this section, places of public accommodation of the types listed in Paragraph (5) of the
definition of “Place of public accommodation” in this code are considered sales or rental establishments. The
facility housing a “shopping center or shopping mall” only includes floor levels housing at least one sales or
rental establishment, or any floor level designed or intended for use by at least one sales or rental
establishment.
Site. A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.
Soft Contained Play Structure. A play structure made up of one or more play components where the user enters a
fully enclosed play environment that utilizes pliable materials, such as plastic, netting, or fabric.
Space. A definable area, such as a room, toilet room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove,
courtyard, or lobby.
Specified public transportation. Transportation by bus, rail, or any other conveyance (other than aircraft) provided
by a private entity to the general public, with general or special service (including charter service) on a regular and
continuing basis.
Story. That portion of a building or facility designed for human occupancy included between the upper surface of a
floor and upper surface of the floor or roof next above. A story containing one or more mezzanines has more than one
floor level.
Structural Frame. The columns and the girders, beams, and trusses having direct connections to the columns and
all other members that are essential to the stability of the building or facility as a whole.
Tactile. An object that can be perceived using the sense of touch.
Technically Infeasible. With respect to an alteration of a building or a facility, something that has little likelihood of
being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or altering a load-bearing
member that is an essential part of the structural frame; or because other existing physical or site constraints prohibit
modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features that are in full and strict compliance with the minimum
requirements.
Teeing Ground. In golf, the starting place for the hole to be played.
Theme Park Or Entertainment Complex. (Section 509.0013(9), F.S.). Theme park or entertainment complex
means a complex comprised of at least 25 contiguous acres owned and controlled by the same business entity and
which contains permanent exhibitions and a variety of recreational activities and has a minimum of 1 million visitors
annually.
Transfer Device. Equipment designed to facilitate the transfer of a person from a wheelchair or other mobility aid to
and from an amusement ride seat.
Transient Lodging. A building or facility containing one or more guest room(s) for sleeping that provides
accommodations that are primarily short-term in nature. Transient lodging does not include residential dwelling units
intended to be used as a residence, inpatient medical care facilities, licensed long-term care facilities, detention or
correctional facilities, or private buildings or facilities that contain not more than five rooms for rent or hire and that
are actually occupied by the proprietor as the residence of such proprietor.
Transition Plate. A sloping pedestrian walking surface located at the end(s) of a gangway.
TTY. An abbreviation for teletypewriter. Machinery that employs interactive text-based communication through the
transmission of coded signals across the telephone network. TTYs may include, for example, devices known as
TDDs (telecommunication display devices or telecommunication devices for deaf persons) or computers with
special modems. TTYs are also called text telephones.
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Use Zone. The ground level area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or play equipment that is
designated by ASTM F 1487 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) for unrestricted
circulation around the play equipment and where it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting the
play equipment.
Vehicular Way. A route provided for vehicular traffic, such as in a street, driveway, or parking facility.
Walk. An exterior prepared surface for pedestrian use, including pedestrian areas such as plazas and courts.
Wheelchair. A manually-operated or power-driven device designed primarily for use by an individual with a mobility
disability for the main purpose of indoor or of both indoor and outdoor locomotion. This definition does not apply to
Federal wilderness areas; wheelchairs in such areas are defined in section 508(c)(2) of the ADA, 42 U.S.C.
12207(c)(2).
Wheelchair Space. Space for a single wheelchair and its occupant.
Work Area Equipment. Any machine, instrument, engine, motor, pump, conveyor, or other apparatus used to
perform work. As used in this code, this term shall apply only to equipment that is permanently installed or built-in in
employee work areas. Work area equipment does not include passenger elevators and other accessible means of
vertical transportation.
14
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201 APPLICATION
201.1 Scope. This code establishes standards for accessibility to places of public accommodation and
commercial facilities by individuals with disabilities. This code shall also apply: to state and local government
facilities pursuant to Section 553.503, F.S.; to private clubs pursuant to Section 553.505, F.S.; and to residential
buildings pursuant to Section 553.504(2), F.S., and the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. All new or altered
public buildings and facilities, private buildings and facilities, places of public accommodation and commercial
facilities subject to this code shall comply with this code.
This code applies to: All areas of newly designed and newly constructed buildings and facilities as determined by
the ADA Standards for Accessible Design; portions of altered buildings and facilities as determined by the ADA
Standards for Accessible Design; a building or facility that is being converted from residential to nonresidential or
mixed use as defined by the Florida Building Code where such building or facility must, at a minimum, comply
with s. 553.508, F.S., and the requirements for alterations as determined by the ADA Standards for Accessible
Design; buildings and facilities where the original construction or any former alteration or renovation was carried
out in violation of applicable permitting law.
201.1.1 Vertical accessibility. Sections 553.501-553.513, F.S., and the ADA Standards for Accessible
Design do not relieve the owner of any building, structure or facility governed by those sections from the
duty to provide vertical accessibility to all levels above and below the occupiable grade level regardless of
whether the Standards require an elevator to be installed in such building, structure or facility, except for:
(1) Elevator pits, elevator penthouses, mechanical rooms, piping or equipment catwalks and automobile
lubrication and maintenance pits and platforms.
(2) Unoccupiable spaces, such as rooms, enclosed spaces and storage spaces that are not designed for
human occupancy, for public accommodations or for work areas.
(3) Occupiable spaces and rooms that are not open to the public and that house no more than five
persons, including, but not limited to equipment control rooms and projection booths.
(4) Theaters, concert halls, and stadiums, or other large assembly areas that have stadium-style seating
or tiered seating if sections 221 and 802 are met.
(5) All play and recreation areas if the requirements of chapter 10 are met.
(6) All employee areas as exempted by 203.9.
(7) Facilities, sites and spaces exempted by section 203.
Buildings, structures and facilities must, at a minimum, comply with the requirements of the ADA
Standards for Accessible Design.
Advisory 201.1 Scope. These requirements are to be applied to all areas of a facility unless
exempted, or where scoping limits the number of multiple elements required to be accessible. For
example, not all medical care patient rooms are required to be accessible; those that are not
required to be accessible are not required to comply with these requirements. However, common
use and public use spaces such as recovery rooms, examination rooms, and cafeterias are not
exempt from these requirements and must be accessible.
Florida vertical accessibility requires all levels in all new buildings, structures and facilities and all
altered areas of existing buildings, structures and facilities to be accessible to persons with
disabilities. All new and altered areas must comply with the ADA Standards for Accessible Design
including requirements for accessible routes. Where the ADA Standards do not require an
accessible route to each and every level, the Florida requirement may be waived down to the
requirement of the ADA Standards.
201.2 Application Based on Building or Facility Use. Where a site, building, facility, room, or space contains more
than one use, each portion shall comply with the applicable requirements for that use.
201.2.1 Commercial facilities and places of public accommodation located in private residences.
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201.2.1.1 When a commercial facility or place of public accommodation is located in a private residence, the
portion of the residence used exclusively as a residence is not covered by this subpart, but that portion used
exclusively in the operation of the commercial facility or that portion used both for the commercial facility and for
residential purposes is covered by the new construction and alterations requirements of this subpart.
201.2.2.2 The portion of the residence covered under paragraph (b)(1) of this section extends to those
elements used to enter the commercial facility, including the homeowner’s front sidewalk, if any, the door or
entryway, and hallways; and those portions of the residence, interior or exterior, available to or used by
employees or visitors or customers and clients of the commercial facility, including restrooms.
201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. These requirements shall apply to temporary and permanent
buildings and facilities.
Advisory 201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. Temporary buildings or facilities
covered by these requirements include, but are not limited to, reviewing stands, temporary
classrooms, bleacher areas, stages, platforms and daises, fixed furniture systems, wall systems,
and exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities, and temporary health screening facilities.
Structures and equipment directly associated with the actual processes of construction are not
required to be accessible as permitted in 203.2.
201.4 Scope of Coverage. This code applies to fixed or built-in elements of buildings, structures, site improvements
and pedestrian routes or vehicular ways located on a site. Unless specifically stated otherwise, advisory notes,
appendix notes and figures contained in the code explain or illustrate the requirements; they do not establish
enforceable requirements.
202 EXISTING BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
202.1 General. Additions and alterations to existing buildings or facilities shall comply with 202.
202.2 Additions. Each addition to an existing building or facility shall comply with the requirements for new
construction. Each addition that affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary
function shall comply with 202.4.
202.3 Alterations. Where existing elements or spaces or common areas are altered, each altered element, space or
area shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 2 and Section 201.1.1. See Section 208.1 for existing
parking.
EXCEPTIONS:
1.
Unless required by 202.4, where elements or spaces are altered and the circulation path to the altered
element or space is not altered, an accessible route shall not be required.
2.
In alterations, where compliance with applicable requirements is technically infeasible, the alteration shall
comply with the requirements to the maximum extent feasible.
3.
Residential dwelling units not required to be accessible in compliance with a standard issued pursuant to the
Americans with Disabilities Act or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, shall not be
required to comply with 202.3.
Advisory 202.3 Alterations. Although covered entities are permitted to limit the scope of an
alteration to individual elements, the alteration of multiple elements within a room or space may
provide a cost-effective opportunity to make the entire room or space accessible. Any elements or
spaces of the building or facility that are required to comply with these requirements must be made
accessible within the scope of the alteration, to the maximum extent feasible. If providing
accessibility in compliance with these requirements for people with one type of disability (e.g.,
people who use wheelchairs) is not feasible, accessibility must still be provided in compliance with
the requirements for people with other types of disabilities (e.g., people who have hearing
impairments or who have vision impairments) to the extent that such accessibility is feasible.
16
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Florida requirements for existing parking s.553.5041(g), F.S., and vertical accessibility s.553.509,
F.S., are incorporated into this general section applicable to alterations. Florida requirements may
be waived down to the ADA Standards requirements.
202.3.1 Prohibited Reduction in Access. An alteration that decreases or has the effect of decreasing the
accessibility of a building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time of the alteration is
prohibited.
Advisory 202.3.1 Prohibited Reduction in Access. Department of Justice regulations 28 CFR
35.133 for public entities (Title II) and 28 CFR 36.211 for private entities (Title III) clarify that
reduction of accessibility is benchmarked to the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design as
adopted by this code. Those regulations state: “If the 2010 Standards reduce the technical
requirements or the number of required accessible elements below the number required by the
1991 Standards, the technical requirements or the number of accessible elements in a facility
subject to this part may be reduced in accordance with the requirements of the 2010 Standards.”
202.3.2 Extent of Application. An alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a building or facility shall
not impose a requirement for accessibility greater than required for new construction.
202.3.3 Barriers at Common or Emergency Entrances and Exits. Barriers at common or emergency entrances
and exits of business establishments conducting business with the general public that are existing, under
construction, or under contract for construction which would prevent a person from using such entrances or exits
shall be removed.
202.4 Alterations Affecting Primary Function Areas. In addition to the requirements of 202.3, an alteration that
affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary function shall be made so as to
ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of travel to the altered area, including the rest rooms,
telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area, are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
disabilities, unless such alterations are disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost pursuant to 202.4.1.
Alterations to windows, hardware, controls, electrical outlets, and signage shall not be deemed to be alterations that
affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary function.
EXCEPTIONS:
1.
Residential dwelling units shall not be required to comply with 202.4.
2.
If a private entity has constructed or altered required elements of a path of travel at a place of public
accommodation or commercial facility in accordance with the specifications in the 1994 or 1997 Florida
Accessibility Code, the private entity is not required to retrofit such elements to reflect incremental changes in
the proposed standards solely because of an alteration to a primary function area served by that path of
travel.
3.
The path of travel requirements shall not apply to measures taken solely to comply with barrier removal
requirements.
4.
If a public entity has constructed or altered required elements of a path of travel in accordance with the
specifications in either the 1994 or 1997 Florida Accessibility Code or the Uniform Federal Accessibility
Standards, as an equivalent facilitation, before March 15, 2012, the public entity is not required to retrofit
such elements to reflect incremental changes in this code solely because of an alteration to a primary
function area served by that path of travel.
5.
The path of travel requirement shall not apply to alterations undertaken solely for purposes of meeting the
public entity program accessibility requirements of § 35.150, 28 CFR 35.
6.
If a tenant is making alterations that would trigger the requirements of this section, those alterations by the
tenant in areas that only the tenant occupies do not trigger a path of travel obligation upon the landlord with
respect to areas of the facility under the landlord’s authority, if those areas are not otherwise being altered.
In existing transportation facilities, an area of primary function shall be as defined under regulations published by the
Secretary of the Department of Transportation or the Attorney General (see definition of primary function).
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
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Advisory 202.4 Alterations Affecting Primary Function Areas. An area of a building or facility
containing a major activity for which the building or facility is intended is a primary function area.
Department of Justice ADA regulations state, “Alterations made to provide an accessible path of
travel to the altered area will be deemed disproportionate to the overall alteration when the cost
exceeds 20% of the cost of the alteration to the primary function area.” (28 CFR 36.403 (f)(1)). See
also Department of Transportation ADA regulations, which use similar concepts in the context of
public sector transportation facilities (49 CFR 37.43 (e)(1)).
There can be multiple areas containing a primary function in a single building. Primary function
areas are not limited to public use areas. For example, both a bank lobby and the bank’s employee
areas such as the teller areas and walk-in safe are primary function areas.
Also, mixed use facilities may include numerous primary function areas for each use. Areas
containing a primary function do not include: mechanical rooms, boiler rooms, supply storage
rooms, employee lounges or locker rooms, janitorial closets, entrances, corridors, or restrooms.
DOJ regulation 28 CFR 36.403(c) gives the following examples of alterations that effect the
usability of or access to an area containing a primary function. Such areas include but are not
limited to: remodeling merchandise display areas or employee work areas in a department store;
replacing an inaccessible floor surface in the customer service or employee work areas of a bank;
redesigning the assembly line area of a factory; or, installing a computer center in an accounting
firm.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1 of
the code, apply to the path of travel upgrades required by 202.4. Florida requirements may be
waived down to the ADA Standards requirements.
202.4.1 Disproportionate Cost. Alterations made to provide an accessible path of travel to the altered area will be
deemed disproportionate to the overall alteration when the cost exceeds 20% of the cost of the alteration to the
primary function area. Costs that may be counted as expenditures required to provide an accessible path of travel
may include: (i) costs associated with providing an accessible entrance and an accessible route to the altered area;
(ii) costs associated with making restrooms accessible, such as installing grab bars, enlarging toilet stalls, insulating
pipes, or installing accessible faucet controls; (iii) costs associated with providing accessible telephones, such as
relocating the telephone to an accessible height, installing amplification devices, or installing a text telephone (TTY);
(iv) costs associated with relocating an inaccessible drinking fountain.
202.4.2 Accessible Features in the Event of Disproportionality. When the cost of alterations necessary to
make the path of travel to the altered area fully accessible is disproportionate to the cost of the overall alteration,
the path of travel shall be made accessible to the extent that it can be made accessible without incurring
disproportionate costs. In choosing which accessible elements to provide, priority should be given to those
elements that will provide the greatest access, in the following order: (i) an accessible entrance; (ii) an accessible
route to the altered area; (iii) at least one accessible restroom for each sex or a single unisex restroom; (iv)
accessible telephones; (v) accessible drinking fountains; and (vi) when possible, additional accessible elements
such as parking, storage, and alarms.
202.4.3 Series of smaller alterations. The obligation to provide an accessible path of travel may not be evaded
by performing a series of small alterations to the area served by a single path of travel if those alterations could
have been performed as a single undertaking.
202.4.3.1 If an area containing a primary function has been altered without providing an accessible path of
travel to that area, and subsequent alterations of that area, or a different area on the same path of travel, are
undertaken within three years of the original alteration, the total cost of alterations to the primary function areas
on that path of travel during the preceding three year period shall be considered in determining whether the
cost of making that path of travel accessible is disproportionate.
202.4.3.2 Only alterations undertaken after January 26, 1992, shall be considered in determining if the cost of
providing an accessible path of travel is disproportionate to the overall cost of the alterations.
202.5 Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities. Alterations to a qualified historic building or
facility shall comply with 202.3 and 202.4 to the maximum extent feasible.
EXCEPTION: Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
determines that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes, entrances, or toilet facilities would
threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the exceptions for alterations to qualified
historic buildings or facilities for that element shall be permitted to apply.
18
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Advisory 202.5 Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Exception. State
Historic Preservation Officers are State appointed officials who carry out certain responsibilities
under the National Historic Preservation Act. State Historic Preservation Officers consult with
Federal and State agencies, local governments, and private entities on providing access and
protecting significant elements of qualified historic buildings and facilities. There are exceptions for
alterations to qualified historic buildings and facilities for accessible routes (206.2.1, Exception 1
and 206.2.3, Exception 7); entrances (206.4, Exception 2); and toilet facilities (213.2, Exception 2).
When an entity believes that compliance with the requirements for any of these elements would
threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the entity should consult with
the State Historic Preservation Officer. If the State Historic Preservation Officer agrees that
compliance with the requirements for a specific element would threaten or destroy the historic
significance of the building or facility, use of the exception is permitted. Public entities have an
additional obligation to achieve program accessibility under the Department of Justice ADA
regulations. See 28 CFR 35.150. These regulations require public entities that operate historic
preservation programs to give priority to methods that provide physical access to individuals with
disabilities. If alterations to a qualified historic building or facility to achieve program accessibility
would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, fundamentally alter the
program, or result in undue financial or administrative burdens, the Department of Justice ADA
regulations allow alternative methods to be used to achieve program accessibility. In the case of
historic preservation programs, such as an historic house museum, alternative methods include
using audio-visual materials to depict portions of the house that cannot otherwise be made
accessible. In the case of other qualified historic properties, such as an historic government office
building, alternative methods include relocating programs and services to accessible locations.
The Department of Justice ADA regulations also allow public entities to use alternative methods
when altering qualified historic buildings or facilities in the rare situations where the State Historic
Preservation Officer determines that it is not feasible to provide physical access using the
exceptions permitted in Section 202.5 without threatening or destroying the historic significance of
the building or facility. See 28 CFR 35.151(d).
The Accessibility Office at the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) provides a variety of
resources for museum operators and historic properties including: the Design for Accessibility
Guide and the Disability Symbols. Contact NEA about these and other resources at 202-682-5532
or www.arts.gov.
202.6 Architectural Barrier Removal. Removal of architectural barriers, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. s.36.304, from
buildings, structures or facilities shall comply with this code’s requirements for alterations unless compliance
would render the removal not readily achievable. In no instance shall the removal of an architectural barrier create
a significant risk to the health or safety of an individual with a disability or others.
202.6.1 Measures taken to comply with federal barrier removal requirements shall comply with the applicable
requirements for alterations for the element being altered.
EXCEPTION:
1. The path of travel requirements of 202.4 shall not apply to measures taken solely to comply with
federal architectural barrier removal requirements.
2. If the measures required to remove a barrier would not be readily achievable, a public accommodation
may take other readily achievable measures to remove the barrier that do not fully comply with the
specified requirements. Such measures include but are not limited to providing a ramp with a steeper
slope or widening a doorway to a narrower width than that mandated by the alterations requirements.
No measure shall be taken that poses a significant risk to the health or safety of individuals with
disabilities or others.
203 GENERAL EXCEPTIONS
203.1 General. Sites, buildings, facilities, and elements are exempt from these requirements to the extent specified
by 203.
203.2 Construction Sites. Structures and sites directly associated with the actual processes of construction,
including but not limited to, scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, materials storage, and construction trailers shall
not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route. Portable toilet units provided for
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use exclusively by construction personnel on a construction site shall not be required to comply with 213 or to be on
an accessible route.
203.3 Raised Areas. Areas raised primarily for purposes of security, life safety, or fire safety, including but not
limited to, observation or lookout galleries, prison guard towers, fire towers, or life guard stands shall not be required
to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.4 Limited Access Spaces. Spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, or very narrow
passageways shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.5 Machinery Spaces. Spaces frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional
monitoring of equipment shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
Machinery spaces include, but are not limited to, elevator pits or elevator penthouses; mechanical, electrical or
communications equipment rooms; piping or equipment catwalks; water or sewage treatment pump rooms and
stations; electric substations and transformer vaults; and highway and tunnel utility facilities.
203.6 Single Occupant Structures. Single occupant structures accessed only by passageways below grade or
elevated above standard curb height, including but not limited to, toll booths that are accessed only by underground
tunnels, shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.7 Detention and Correctional Facilities. In detention and correctional facilities, common use areas that are
used only by inmates or detainees and security personnel and that do not serve holding cells or housing cells
required to comply with 232, shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.8 Residential Facilities. In residential facilities, common use areas that do not serve residential dwelling units
required to provide mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4 shall not be required to comply with these
requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.9 Employee Work Areas. Spaces and elements within employee work areas shall only be required to comply
with 206.2.8, 207.1, and 215.3 and shall be designed and constructed so that individuals with disabilities can
approach, enter, and exit the employee work area. Employee work areas, or portions of employee work areas, other
than raised courtroom stations, that are less than 300 square feet (28 m2) and elevated 7 inches (180 mm) or more
above the finish floor or ground where the elevation is essential to the function of the space shall not be required to
comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
Advisory 203.9 Employee Work Areas. Although areas used exclusively by employees for work
are not required to be fully accessible, consider designing such areas to include non-required
turning spaces, and provide accessible elements whenever possible. Under the ADA, employees
with disabilities are entitled to reasonable accommodations in the workplace; accommodations can
include alterations to spaces within the facility. Designing employee work areas to be more
accessible at the outset will avoid more costly retrofits when current employees become
temporarily or permanently disabled, or when new employees with disabilities are hired. Contact
the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) at www.eeoc.gov for information about
title I of the ADA prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in the workplace.
203.10 Raised Refereeing, Judging, and Scoring Areas. Raised structures used solely for refereeing, judging, or
scoring a sport shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.11 Water Slides. Water slides shall not be required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible
route.
203.12 Animal Containment Areas. Animal containment areas that are not for public use shall not be required to
comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
Advisory 203.12 Animal Containment Areas. Public circulation routes where animals may
travel, such as in petting zoos and passageways alongside animal pens in State fairs, are not
eligible for the exception.
203.13 Raised Boxing or Wrestling Rings. Raised boxing or wrestling rings shall not be required to comply with
these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.14 Raised Diving Boards and Diving Platforms. Raised diving boards and diving platforms shall not be
required to comply with these requirements or to be on an accessible route.
203.15 Structural Impracticability.
203.15.1 Full compliance with the requirements of this section is not required where an entity can demonstrate
that it is structurally impracticable to meet the requirements. Full compliance will be considered structurally
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impracticable only in those rare circumstances when the unique characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation
of accessibility features.
203.15.2 If full compliance with this section would be structurally impracticable, compliance with this section is
required to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable. In that case, any portion of the facility that can be
made accessible shall be made accessible to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable.
203.15.3 If providing accessibility in conformance with this section to individuals with certain disabilities (e.g.,
those who use wheelchairs) would be structurally impracticable, accessibility shall nonetheless be ensured to
persons with other types of disabilities (e.g., those who use crutches or who have sight, hearing, or mental
impairments) in accordance with this section.
204 PROTRUDING OBJECTS
204.1 General. Protruding objects on circulation paths shall comply with 307.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Within areas of sport activity, protruding objects on circulation paths shall not be required to comply with
307.
2. Within play areas, protruding objects on circulation paths shall not be required to comply with 307
provided that ground level accessible routes provide vertical clearance in compliance with 1008.2.
205 OPERABLE PARTS
205.1 General. Operable parts on accessible elements, accessible routes, and in accessible rooms and spaces shall
comply with 309.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Operable parts that are intended for use only by service or maintenance personnel shall not be required to
comply with 309.
2. Electrical or communication receptacles serving a dedicated use shall not be required to comply with 309.
3. Where two or more outlets are provided in a kitchen above a length of counter top that is uninterrupted by
a sink or appliance, one outlet shall not be required to comply with 309.
4. Floor electrical receptacles shall not be required to comply with 309.
5. HVAC diffusers shall not be required to comply with 309.
6. Except for light switches, where redundant controls are provided for a single element, one control in each
space shall not be required to comply with 309.
7. Cleats and other boat securement devices shall not be required to comply with 309.3.
8. Exercise machines and exercise equipment shall not be required to comply with 309.
Advisory 205.1 General. Controls covered by 205.1 include, but are not limited to, light switches,
circuit breakers, duplexes and other convenience receptacles, environmental and appliance
controls, plumbing fixture controls, and security and intercom systems.
206 ACCESSIBLE ROUTES
206.1 General. Accessible routes shall be provided in accordance with 206 and shall comply with Chapter 4.
206.2 Where Required. Accessible routes shall be provided where required by 206.2.
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206.2.1 Site Arrival Points. At least one accessible route shall be provided within the site from accessible
parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones; public streets and sidewalks; and public transportation
stops to the accessible building or facility entrance they serve.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where exceptions for alterations to qualified historic buildings or facilities are permitted by 202.5, no
more than one accessible route from a site arrival point to an accessible entrance shall be required.
2. An accessible route shall not be required between site arrival points and the building or facility
entrance if the only means of access between them is a vehicular way not providing pedestrian
access.
Advisory 206.2.1 Site Arrival Points. Each site arrival point must be connected by an accessible
route to the accessible building entrance or entrances served. Where two or more similar site
arrival points, such as bus stops, serve the same accessible entrance or entrances, both bus stops
must be on accessible routes. In addition, the accessible routes must serve all of the accessible
entrances on the site.
Advisory 206.2.1 Site Arrival Points Exception 2. Access from site arrival points may include
vehicular ways. Where a vehicular way, or a portion of a vehicular way, is provided for pedestrian
travel, such as within a shopping center or shopping mall parking lot, this exception does not apply.
206.2.2 Within a Site. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible buildings, accessible facilities,
accessible elements, and accessible spaces that are on the same site.
EXCEPTION: An accessible route shall not be required between accessible buildings, accessible facilities,
accessible elements, and accessible spaces if the only means of access between them is a vehicular way
not providing pedestrian access.
Advisory 206.2.2 Within a Site. An accessible route is required to connect to the boundary of
each area of sport activity. Examples of areas of sport activity include: soccer fields, basketball
courts, baseball fields, running tracks, skating rinks, and the area surrounding a piece of gymnastic
equipment. While the size of an area of sport activity may vary from sport to sport, each includes
only the space needed to play. Where multiple sports fields or courts are provided, an accessible
route is required to each field or area of sport activity.
206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities. At least one accessible route shall connect each story and
mezzanine in multi-story buildings and facilities.
Notwithstanding the requirements and exceptions of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTIONS:
1.Reserved.
2.Reserved.
3.Reserved.
4.Reserved.
5.Reserved.
6.Reserved.
7.Reserved.
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Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities. Spaces and elements located on a level
not required to be served by an accessible route must fully comply with this code. While a
mezzanine may be a change in level, it is not a story. If an accessible route is required to connect
stories within a building or facility, the accessible route must serve all mezzanines.
Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities Exceptions.
Exceptions 1–7 are preempted by Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as
incorporated in section 201.1.1. Florida requirements may be waived down to the ADA Standards
requirements.
Note: The following Advisories on the Exceptions to 206.2.3 are provided for consideration
when waiving Florida Vertical Accessibility requirements down to ADA Standards for
Accessible Design.
Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities Exception 1. Note that Exception 1 as
presented in the 2004 ADAAG must also comply with the elevator exemption criteria of 28 CFR
36.401(d). The elevator exemption is authorized by 28 CFR 36.401(d) and applies only to private
entities governed by Title III but not to public entities governed by Title II and 28 CFR, Part 35.
Note also that 28 CFR 36.401(d)(2) and (3) provide specific criteria expanding on the criteria of
Exception 1 that must be considered in a waiver of Florida vertical accessibility.
Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities Exception 2. Note that Exception 2 for a
required accessible route applies to public entities, is not modified by 28 CFR, Part 35 and
parallels the exception for vertical accessibility in s.553.509(1)(c), F.S., and 201.1.1(3).
Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities Exception 4. Where common use areas
are provided for the use of residents, it is presumed that all such common use areas “serve”
accessible dwelling units unless use is restricted to residents occupying certain dwelling units. For
example, if all residents are permitted to use all laundry rooms, then all laundry rooms “serve”
accessible dwelling units. However, if the laundry room on the first floor is restricted to use by
residents on the first floor, and the second floor laundry room is for use by occupants of the second
floor, then first floor accessible units are “served” only by laundry rooms on the first floor. In this
example, an accessible route is not required to the second floor provided that all accessible units
and all common use areas serving them are on the first floor.
206.2.3.1 Stairs and Escalators in Existing Buildings. In alterations and additions, where an escalator or
stair is provided where none existed previously and major structural modifications are necessary for the
installation, an accessible route shall be provided between the levels served by the escalator or stair unless
exempted by 206.2.3, Exceptions 1 through 7.
206.2.4 Spaces and Elements. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible building or facility
entrances with all accessible spaces and elements within the building or facility which are otherwise connected by
a circulation path unless exempted by 206.2.3 Exceptions 1 through 7.
Notwithstanding the requirements and exceptions of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTIONS:
1.Reserved.
2.Reserved.
3.Reserved.
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Advisory 206.2.4 Spaces and Elements. Accessible routes must connect all spaces and
elements required to be accessible including, but not limited to, raised areas and speaker
platforms.
Advisory 206.2.4 Spaces and Elements Exceptions. Exceptions 1 – 3 are preempted by Florida
vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1. Florida
requirements may be waived down to the ADA Standards requirements.
Note: The following ADAAG Advisory on Exceptions 1 to 206.2.4 is retained for
consideration when waiving Florida Vertical Accessibility requirements down to ADA
Standards for Accessible Design.
Advisory 206.2.4 Spaces and Elements Exception 1. The exception does not apply to areas
that are likely to be used by members of the public who are not employees of the court such as jury
areas, attorney areas, or witness stands.
206.2.5 Restaurants and Cafeterias. In restaurants and cafeterias, an accessible route shall be provided to all
dining areas, including raised or sunken dining areas, and outdoor dining areas.
Notwithstanding the requirements and exceptions of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTIONS:
1.Reserved.
2.Reserved.
3.Reserved.
Advisory 206.2.5 Restaurants and Cafeterias Exceptions. Exceptions 1 – 3 are
preempted by Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as
incorporated in section 201.1.1. Florida requirements may be waived down to the ADA
Standards requirements.
Advisory 206.2.5 Restaurants and Cafeterias Exception 2. Examples of “same
services” include, but are not limited to, bar service, rooms having smoking and nonsmoking sections, lotto and other table games, carry-out, and buffet service. Examples of
“same decor” include, but are not limited to, seating at or near windows and railings with
views, areas designed with a certain theme, party and banquet rooms, and rooms where
entertainment is provided.
206.2.6 Performance Areas. Where a circulation path directly connects a performance area to an assembly
seating area, an accessible route shall directly connect the assembly seating area with the performance area. An
accessible route shall be provided from performance areas to ancillary areas or facilities used by performers
unless exempted by 206.2.3 Exceptions 1 through 7.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
206.2.7 Press Boxes. Press boxes in assembly areas shall be on an accessible route.
Notwithstanding the requirements and exceptions of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Reserved.
2. Reserved.
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Advisory 206.2.7 Press Boxes. Exceptions 1 – 3 are preempted by Florida vertical accessibility
requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1. Florida requirements may be
waived down to the ADA Standards requirements.
Advisory 206.2.7 Press Boxes, Exception 2. Where a facility contains multiple assembly areas,
the aggregate area of the press boxes in each assembly area is to be calculated separately. For
example, if a university has a soccer stadium with three press boxes elevated 12 feet (3660 mm)
or more above grade and each press box is 150 square feet (14 m2), then the aggregate area of
the soccer stadium press boxes is less than 500 square feet (46 m2) and Exception 2 applies to
the soccer stadium. If that same university also has a football stadium with two press boxes
elevated 12 feet (3660 mm) or more above grade and one press box is 250 square feet (23 m2),
and the second is 275 square feet (26 m2), then the aggregate area of the football stadium press
boxes is more than 500 square feet (46 m2) and Exception 2 does not apply to the football
stadium.
206.2.8 Employee Work Areas. Common use circulation paths within employee work areas shall comply with
402.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Common use circulation paths within employee work areas that are less than 1000 square feet (93 m2)
and defined by permanently installed partitions, counters, casework, or furnishings shall not be
required to comply with 402.
2. Common use circulation paths located within employee work areas that are an integral component of
work area equipment shall not be required to comply with 402.
3. Common use circulation paths located within exterior employee work areas that are fully exposed to
the weather shall not be required to comply with 402.
Advisory 206.2.8 Employee Work Areas Exception 1. Modular furniture that is not permanently
installed is not directly subject to these requirements. The Department of Justice ADA regulations
provide additional guidance regarding the relationship between these requirements and elements
that are not part of the built environment. Additionally, the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission (EEOC) implements title I of the ADA which requires non-discrimination in the
workplace. EEOC can provide guidance regarding employers’ obligations to provide reasonable
accommodations for employees with disabilities.
Advisory 206.2.8 Employee Work Areas Exception 2. Large pieces of equipment, such as
electric turbines or water pumping apparatus, may have stairs and elevated walkways used for
overseeing or monitoring purposes which are physically part of the turbine or pump. However,
passenger elevators used for vertical transportation between stories are not considered “work area
equipment” as defined in Section 106.5.
206.2.9 Amusement Rides. Amusement rides required to comply with 234 shall provide accessible routes in
accordance with 206.2.9. Accessible routes serving amusement rides shall comply with Chapter 4 except as
modified by 1002.2.
206.2.9.1 Load and Unload Areas. Load and unload areas shall be on an accessible route. Where load and
unload areas have more than one loading or unloading position, at least one loading and unloading position
shall be on an accessible route.
206.2.9.2 Wheelchair Spaces, Ride Seats Designed for Transfer, and Transfer Devices. When
amusement rides are in the load and unload position, wheelchair spaces complying with 1002.4, amusement
ride seats designed for transfer complying with 1002.5, and transfer devices complying with 1002.6 shall be on
an accessible route.
206.2.10 Recreational Boating Facilities. Boat slips required to comply with 235.2 and boarding piers at boat
launch ramps required to comply with 235.3 shall be on an accessible route. Accessible routes serving
recreational boating facilities shall comply with Chapter 4, except as modified by 1003.2.
206.2.11 Bowling Lanes. Where bowling lanes are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one of each
type of bowling lane, shall be on an accessible route.
206.2.12 Court Sports. In court sports, at least one accessible route shall directly connect both sides of the court.
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206.2.13 Exercise Machines and Equipment. Exercise machines and equipment required to comply with 236
shall be on an accessible route.
206.2.14 Fishing Piers and Platforms. Fishing piers and platforms shall be on an accessible route. Accessible
routes serving fishing piers and platforms shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified by 1005.1.
206.2.15 Golf Facilities. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible elements and spaces within the
boundary of the golf course. In addition, accessible routes serving golf car rental areas; bag drop areas; course
weather shelters complying with 238.2.3; course toilet rooms; and practice putting greens, practice teeing
grounds, and teeing stations at driving ranges complying with 238.3 shall comply with Chapter 4 except as
modified by 1006.2.
EXCEPTION: Golf car passages complying with 1006.3 shall be permitted to be used for all or part of
accessible routes required by 206.2.15.
206.2.16 Miniature Golf Facilities. Holes required to comply with 239.2, including the start of play, shall be on an
accessible route. Accessible routes serving miniature golf facilities shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified
by 1007.2.
206.2.17 Play Areas. Play areas shall provide accessible routes in accordance with 206.2.17. Accessible routes
serving play areas shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified by 1008.2.
206.2.17.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. At least one accessible route shall be provided
within the play area. The accessible route shall connect ground level play components required to comply with
240.2.1 and elevated play components required to comply with 240.2.2, including entry and exit points of the
play components.
206.2.17.2 Soft Contained Play Structures. Where three or fewer entry points are provided for soft contained
play structures, at least one entry point shall be on an accessible route. Where four or more entry points are
provided for soft contained play structures, at least two entry points shall be on an accessible route.
206.3 Location. Accessible routes shall coincide with or be located in the same area as general circulation paths.
Where circulation paths are interior, required accessible routes shall also be interior.
For transportation facilities subject to Department of Transportation regulation 49 CFR 37.21, elements such as
ramps, elevators, or other circulation devices, fare vending or other ticketing areas, and fare collection areas shall be
placed to minimize the distance which wheelchair users and other persons who cannot negotiate steps may have to
travel compared to the general public.
Advisory 206.3 Location. The accessible route must be in the same area as the general
circulation path. This means that circulation paths, such as vehicular ways designed for pedestrian
traffic, walks, and unpaved paths that are designed to be routinely used by pedestrians must be
accessible or have an accessible route nearby. Additionally, accessible vertical interior circulation
must be in the same area as stairs and escalators, not isolated in the back of the facility.
206.4 Entrances. Entrances shall be provided in accordance with 206.4. Entrance doors, doorways, and gates shall
comply with 404 and shall be on an accessible route complying with 402.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where an alteration includes alterations to an entrance, and the building or facility has another entrance
complying with 404 that is on an accessible route, the altered entrance shall not be required to comply
with 206.4 unless required by 202.4.
2. Where exceptions for alterations to qualified historic buildings or facilities are permitted by 202.5, no more
than one public entrance shall be required to comply with 206.4. Where no public entrance can comply
with 206.4 under criteria established in 202.5 Exception, then either an unlocked entrance not used by the
public shall comply with 206.4; or a locked entrance complying with 206.4 with a notification system or
remote monitoring shall be provided.
206.4.1 Public Entrances. In addition to entrances required by 206.4.2 through 206.4.9, at least 60 percent of all
public entrances shall comply with 404.
Barriers at common or emergency entrances and exits of business establishments conducting business with the
general public that are existing, under construction, or under contract for construction which would prevent a
person from using such entrances or exits shall be removed.
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206.4.2 Parking Structure Entrances. Where direct access is provided for pedestrians from a parking structure
to a building or facility entrance, each direct access to the building or facility entrance shall comply with 404.
206.4.3 Entrances from Tunnels or Elevated Walkways. Where direct access is provided for pedestrians from
a pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway to a building or facility, at least one direct entrance to the building or
facility from each tunnel or walkway shall comply with 404.
206.4.4 Transportation Facilities. In addition to the requirements of 206.4.2, 206.4.3, and 206.4.5 through
206.4.9, transportation facilities shall provide entrances in accordance with 206.4.4.
206.4.4.1 Location. In transportation facilities, where different entrances serve different transportation fixed
routes or groups of fixed routes, at least one public entrance serving each fixed route or group of fixed routes
shall comply with 404.
EXCEPTION: Entrances to key stations and existing intercity rail stations retrofitted in accordance with 49
CFR 37.49 or 49 CFR 37.51 shall not be required to comply with 206.4.4.1.
206.4.4.2 Direct Connections. Direct connections to other facilities shall provide an accessible route
complying with 404 from the point of connection to boarding platforms and all transportation system elements
required to be accessible. Any elements provided to facilitate future direct connections shall be on an
accessible route connecting boarding platforms and all transportation system elements required to be
accessible.
EXCEPTION: In key stations and existing intercity rail stations, existing direct connections shall not be
required to comply with 404.
206.4.4.3 Key Stations and Intercity Rail Stations. Key stations and existing intercity rail stations required by
Subpart C of 49 CFR part 37 to be altered, shall have at least one entrance complying with 404.
206.4.5 Tenant Spaces. At least one accessible entrance to each tenancy in a facility shall comply with 404.
EXCEPTION: Self-service storage facilities not required to comply with 225.3 shall not be required to be on an
accessible route.
206.4.6 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entrance. In residential dwelling units, at least one primary entrance
shall comply with 404. The primary entrance to a residential dwelling unit shall not be to a bedroom.
206.4.7 Restricted Entrances. Where restricted entrances are provided to a building or facility, at least one
restricted entrance to the building or facility shall comply with 404.
206.4.8 Service Entrances. If a service entrance is the only entrance to a building or to a tenancy in a facility, that
entrance shall comply with 404.
206.4.9 Entrances for Inmates or Detainees. Where entrances used only by inmates or detainees and security
personnel are provided at judicial facilities, detention facilities, or correctional facilities, at least one such entrance
shall comply with 404.
206.5 Doors, Doorways, and Gates. Doors, doorways, and gates providing user passage shall be provided in
accordance with 206.5.
Barriers at common or emergency entrances and exits of business establishments conducting business with the
general public that are existing, under construction, or under contract for construction which would prevent a person
from using such entrances or exits shall be removed.
206.5.1 Entrances. Each entrance to a building or facility required to comply with 206.4 shall have at least one
door, doorway, or gate complying with 404.
206.5.2 Rooms and Spaces. Within a building or facility, at least one door, doorway, or gate serving each room
or space complying with these requirements shall comply with 404.
206.5.3 Transient Lodging Facilities. In transient lodging facilities, entrances, doors, and doorways providing
user passage into and within guest rooms that are not required to provide mobility features complying with 806.2
shall comply with 404.2.3.
EXCEPTION: Shower and sauna doors in guest rooms that are not required to provide mobility features
complying with 806.2 shall not be required to comply with 404.2.3.
206.5.4 Residential Dwelling Units. In residential dwelling units required to provide mobility features complying
with 809.2 through 809.4, all doors and doorways providing user passage shall comply with 404.
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206.6 Elevators. Elevators provided for passengers shall comply with 407. Where multiple elevators are provided,
each elevator shall comply with 407.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In a building or facility permitted to use the exceptions to 206.2.3 or permitted by 206.7 to use a platform
lift, elevators complying with 408 shall be permitted.
2. Elevators complying with 408 or 409 shall be permitted in multi-story residential dwelling units.
206.6.1 Existing Elevators. Where elements of existing elevators are altered, the same element shall also be
altered in all elevators that are programmed to respond to the same hall call control as the altered elevator and
shall comply with the requirements of 407 for the altered element.
206.7 Platform Lifts. Platform lifts shall comply with 410. Platform lifts shall be permitted as a component of an
accessible route in new construction in accordance with 206.7. Platform lifts shall be permitted as a component of an
accessible route in an existing building or facility.
206.7.1 Performance Areas and Speakers’ Platforms. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide accessible
routes to performance areas and speakers’ platforms.
206.7.2 Wheelchair Spaces. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an accessible route to comply with the
wheelchair space dispersion and line-of-sight requirements of 221 and 802.
206.7.3 Incidental Spaces. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an accessible route to incidental spaces
which are not public use spaces and which are occupied by five persons maximum.
206.7.4 Judicial Spaces. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide an accessible route to: jury boxes and
witness stands; raised courtroom stations including judges’ benches, clerks’ stations, bailiffs’ stations, deputy
clerks’ stations, and court reporters’ stations; and to depressed areas such as the well of a court.
206.7.5 Existing Site Constraints. Platform lifts shall be permitted where existing exterior site constraints make
use of a ramp or elevator infeasible.
Advisory 206.7.5 Existing Site Constraints. This exception applies where topography or other
similar existing site constraints necessitate the use of a platform lift as the only feasible alternative.
While the site constraint must reflect exterior conditions, the lift can be installed in the interior of a
building. For example, a new building constructed between and connected to two existing
buildings may have insufficient space to coordinate floor levels and also to provide ramped entry
from the public way. In this example, an exterior or interior platform lift could be used to provide an
accessible entrance or to coordinate one or more interior floor levels.
206.7.6 Guest Rooms and Residential Dwelling Units. Platform lifts shall be permitted to connect levels within
transient lodging guest rooms required to provide mobility features complying with 806.2 or residential dwelling
units required to provide mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4.
206.7.7 Amusement Rides. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide accessible routes to load and unload
areas serving amusement rides.
206.7.8 Play Areas. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide accessible routes to play components or soft
contained play structures.
206.7.9 Team or Player Seating. Platform lifts shall be permitted to provide accessible routes to team or player
seating areas serving areas of sport activity.
Advisory 206.7.9 Team or Player Seating. While the use of platform lifts is allowed, ramps are
recommended to provide access to player seating areas serving an area of sport activity.
206.7.10 Recreational Boating Facilities and Fishing Piers and Platforms. Platform lifts shall be permitted to
be used instead of gangways that are part of accessible routes serving recreational boating facilities and fishing
piers and platforms.
206.8 Security Barriers. Security barriers, including but not limited to, security bollards and security check points,
shall not obstruct a required accessible route or accessible means of egress.
EXCEPTION: Where security barriers incorporate elements that cannot comply with these requirements such as
certain metal detectors, fluoroscopes, or other similar devices, the accessible route shall be permitted to be
located adjacent to security screening devices. The accessible route shall permit persons with disabilities passing
28
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
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around security barriers to maintain visual contact with their personal items to the same extent provided others
passing through the security barrier.
207 ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS
207.1 General. Means of egress shall comply with section 1003.2.13 of the International Building Code (2000 edition
and 2001 Supplement) or section 1007 of the International Building Code (2003 edition) (incorporated by reference,
see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where means of egress are permitted by local building or life safety codes to share a common path of
egress travel, accessible means of egress shall be permitted to share a common path of egress travel.
2. Areas of refuge shall not be required in detention and correctional facilities.
207.1.1 Barriers at common or emergency entrances and exits of business establishments conducting business
with the general public that are existing, under construction, or under contract for construction which would
prevent a person from using such entrances or exits shall be removed.
207.2 Platform Lifts. Standby power shall be provided for platform lifts permitted by section 1003.2.13.4 of the
International Building Code (2000 edition and 2001 Supplement) or section 1007.5 of the International Building Code
(2003 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) to serve as a part of an
accessible means of egress.
208 PARKING SPACES
208.1 General. Where parking spaces are provided, parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with 208. See
section 502.5 requirements for van parking in structures.
EXCEPTION: Parking spaces used exclusively for buses, trucks, other delivery vehicles, law enforcement
vehicles, or vehicular impound shall not be required to comply with 208 provided that lots accessed by the public
are provided with a passenger loading zone complying with 503.
208.1.1 The removal of architectural barriers from a parking facility in accordance with 28 C.F.R. Section 36.304
or with Section 553.508, F. S., must comply with this section unless compliance would cause the barrier removal
not to be readily achievable. If compliance would cause the barrier removal not to be readily achievable, a facility
may provide parking spaces at alternative locations for persons who have disabilities and provide appropriate
signage directing such persons to the alternative parking if readily achievable. The facility may not reduce the
required number or dimensions of those spaces or unreasonably increase the length of the accessible route from
a parking space to the facility. The removal of an architectural barrier must not create a significant risk to the
health or safety of a person who has a disability or to that of others.
208.1.2 A facility that is making alterations under section 202 as required by s.303(a) of the Americans with
Disabilites Act of 1990 must comply with section 208 to the maximum extent feasible. If compliance with parking
location requirements is not feasible, the facility may provide parking spaces at alternative locations for persons
who have disabilities and provide appropriate signage directing such persons to alternative parking. The facility
may not reduce the required number or dimensions of those spaces, or unnecessarily increase the length of the
accessible route from a parking space to the facility. The alteration must not create a significant risk to the health
or safety of a person who has a disability or to others.
208.2 Minimum Number. Parking spaces complying with 502 shall be provided in accordance with Table 208.2
except as required by 208.2.1, 208.2.2, and 208.2.3. Where more than one parking facility is provided on a site, the
number of accessible spaces provided on the site shall be calculated according to the number of spaces required for
each parking facility.
The number of parking spaces for persons who have disabilities must be increased on the basis of demonstrated
and documented need.
Advisory 208.2 Minimum Number. The term “parking facility” is used in Section 208.2 instead of
the term “parking lot” so that it is clear that both parking lots and parking structures are required to
comply with this section. The number of parking spaces required to be accessible is to be
calculated separately for each parking facility; the required number is not to be based on the total
number of parking spaces provided in all of the parking facilities provided on the site.
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
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TABLE 208.2
PARKING SPACES
Total Number of Parking Spaces Provided in
Parking Facility
Minimum Number of Required Accessible
Parking Spaces
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 percent of total
20, plus 1 for each 100, or fraction thereof,
over 1000
1001 and over
208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities. Ten percent of patient and visitor parking spaces provided to serve
hospital outpatient facilities shall comply with 502.
Advisory 208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities. The term “outpatient facility” is not defined in
this code but is intended to cover facilities or units that are located in hospitals and that provide
regular and continuing medical treatment without an overnight stay. Doctors’ offices, independent
clinics, or other facilities not located in hospitals are not considered hospital outpatient facilities for
purposes of this code.
208.2.2 Rehabilitation Facilities and Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities. Twenty percent of patient and
visitor parking spaces provided to serve rehabilitation facilities specializing in treating conditions that affect
mobility and outpatient physical therapy facilities shall comply with 502.
Advisory 208.2.2 Rehabilitation Facilities and Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities.
Conditions that affect mobility include conditions requiring the use or assistance of a brace, cane,
crutch, prosthetic device, wheelchair, or powered mobility aid; arthritic, neurological, or orthopedic
conditions that severely limit one’s ability to walk; respiratory diseases and other conditions which
may require the use of portable oxygen; and cardiac conditions that impose significant functional
limitations.
208.2.3 Residential Facilities. Parking spaces provided to serve residential facilities shall comply with 208.2.3.
208.2.3.1 Parking for Residents. Where at least one parking space is provided for each residential dwelling
unit, at least one parking space complying with 502 shall be provided for each residential dwelling unit required
to provide mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4.
208.2.3.2 Additional Parking Spaces for Residents. Where the total number of parking spaces provided for
each residential dwelling unit exceeds one parking space per residential dwelling unit, 2 percent, but no fewer
than one space, of all the parking spaces not covered by 208.2.3.1 shall comply with 502.
208.2.3.3 Parking for Guests, Employees, and Other Non-Residents. Where parking spaces are provided
for persons other than residents, parking shall be provided in accordance with Table 208.2.
208.2.4 Van Parking Spaces. Where van parking is provided pursuant to section 502.2, for every six or fraction of
six parking spaces required by 208.2 to comply with 502, at least one shall be a van parking space complying with
502.
208.2.5 Parking Spaces Provided by State Agencies and Political Subdivisions.
30
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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208.2.5.1 There must be one accessible parking space in the immediate vicinity of a publicly owned or leased
building that houses a governmental entity or a political subdivision, including, but not limited to, state office
buildings and courthouses, if parking for the public is not provided on the premises of the building.
208.2.5.2 There must be one accessible parking space for each 150 metered on-street parking spaces
provided by state agencies and political subdivisions.
EXCEPTION: State agencies and political subdivisions having jurisdiction over street parking or publicly
owned or operated parking facilities are not required to provide a greater right-of-way width than would
otherwise be planned under regulations, guidelines, or practices normally applied to new development.
208.3 Location. Parking facilities shall comply with 208.3.
208.3.1 General. Designated accessible spaces shall be designed and marked for the exclusive use of those
individuals who have a severe physical disability and have permanent or temporary mobility problems that
substantially impair their ability to ambulate and who have been issued either a disabled parking permit under s.
316.1958 or s. 320.0848 or a license plate under s. 320.084, s. 320.0842, s. 320.0843, or s. 320.0845. Parking
spaces complying with 502 that serve a particular building or facility shall be located on the shortest accessible
route from parking to an entrance complying with 206.4. All spaces must be located on an accessible route that is
at least 44 inches (1118 mm) wide and so that users are not compelled to walk or wheel behind parked vehicles
except behind his or her own vehicle. Where parking serves more than one accessible entrance, parking spaces
complying with 502 shall be dispersed and located on the shortest accessible route to the accessible entrances.
If there are multiple entrances for multiple retail stores the parking spaces must be dispersed to provide parking
at the nearest accessible entrance. In parking facilities that do not serve a particular building or facility, parking
spaces complying with 502 shall be located on the shortest accessible route to an accessible pedestrian entrance
of the parking facility.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. All van parking spaces shall be permitted to be grouped on one level within a multi-story parking
facility.
2. Parking spaces shall be permitted to be located in different parking facilities if substantially equivalent
or greater accessibility is provided in terms of distance from an accessible entrance or entrances,
parking fee, and user convenience.
3. If a theme park or entertainment complex provides parking in several lots or areas from which access
to the theme park or entertainment complex is provided, a single lot or area may be designated for
parking by persons who have disabilities, if the lot or area is located on the shortest accessible route to
an accessible entrance to the theme park or entertainment complex or to transportation to such an
accessible entrance.
4. A theme park or entertainment complex in which are provided continuous attendant services for
directing individuals to marked accessible parking spaces or designated lots for parking by persons
who have disabilities, may, in lieu of the required parking space design, provide parking spaces that
comply with Sections 208 and 502 of the ADA Standards for Accessible Design.
Advisory 208.3.1 General Exception 2. Factors that could affect “user convenience” include, but
are not limited to, protection from the weather, security, lighting, and comparative maintenance of
the alternative parking site.
Florida law adds dispersion requirements for accessible parking where multiple parking areas are
provided and for multiple entrances for multiple retail stores. Accessible routes from accessible
parking to accessible entrances are required to be 44 inches wide minimum. Exceptions are
established for the Florida specific requirements only (indicated by gray shading) for theme parks
and entertainment complexes by added exceptions 3 and 4.
208.3.2 Residential Facilities. In residential facilities containing residential dwelling units required to provide
mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4, parking spaces provided in accordance with 208.2.3.1 shall
be located on the shortest accessible route to the residential dwelling unit entrance they serve. Spaces provided
in accordance with 208.2.3.2 shall be dispersed throughout all types of parking provided for the residential
dwelling units.
EXCEPTION: Parking spaces provided in accordance with 208.2.3.2 shall not be required to be dispersed
throughout all types of parking if substantially equivalent or greater accessibility is provided in terms of distance
from an accessible entrance, parking fee, and user convenience.
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Advisory 208.3.2 Residential Facilities Exception. Factors that could affect “user convenience”
include, but are not limited to, protection from the weather, security, lighting, and comparative
maintenance of the alternative parking site.
209 PASSENGER LOADING ZONES AND BUS STOPS
209.1 General. Passenger loading zones shall be provided in accordance with 209.
209.2 Type. Where provided, passenger loading zones shall comply with 209.2.
209.2.1 Passenger Loading Zones. Passenger loading zones, except those required to comply with 209.2.2 and
209.2.3, shall provide at least one passenger loading zone complying with 503 in every continuous 100 linear feet
(30 m) of loading zone space, or fraction thereof.
209.2.2 Bus Loading Zones. In bus loading zones restricted to use by designated or specified public
transportation vehicles, each bus bay, bus stop, or other area designated for lift or ramp deployment shall comply
with 810.2.
Advisory 209.2.2 Bus Loading Zones. The terms “designated public transportation” and
“specified public transportation” are defined by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 37.3 in
regulations implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act. These terms refer to public
transportation services provided by public or private entities, respectively. For example,
designated public transportation vehicles include buses and vans operated by public transit
agencies, while specified public transportation vehicles include tour and charter buses, taxis and
limousines, and hotel shuttles operated by private entities.
209.2.3 On-Street Bus Stops. On-street bus stops shall comply with 810.2 to the maximum extent practicable.
209.3 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities. At least one passenger loading zone complying with 503 shall
be provided at an accessible entrance to licensed medical care and licensed long-term care facilities where the
period of stay exceeds twenty-four hours.
209.4 Valet Parking. Parking facilities that provide valet parking services shall provide at least one passenger
loading zone complying with 503.
209.5 Mechanical Access Parking Garages. Mechanical access parking garages shall provide at least one
passenger loading zone complying with 503 at vehicle drop-off and vehicle pick-up areas.
210 STAIRWAYS
210.1 General. Interior and exterior stairs that are part of a means of egress shall comply with 504.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In detention and correctional facilities, stairs that are not located in public use areas shall not be required
to comply with 504.
2. In alterations, stairs between levels that are connected by an accessible route shall not be required to
comply with 504, except that handrails complying with 505 shall be provided when the stairs are altered.
3. In assembly areas, aisle stairs shall not be required to comply with 504.
4. Stairs that connect play components shall not be required to comply with 504.
Advisory 210.1 General. Although these requirements do not mandate handrails on stairs that
are not part of a means of egress, State or local building codes may require handrails or guards.
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211 DRINKING FOUNTAINS
211.1 General. Where drinking fountains are provided on an exterior site, on a floor, or within a secured area they
shall be provided in accordance with 211.
EXCEPTION: In detention or correctional facilities, drinking fountains only serving holding or housing cells not
required to comply with 232 shall not be required to comply with 211.
211.2 Minimum Number. No fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One drinking fountain shall comply
with 602.1 through 602.6 and one drinking fountain shall comply with 602.7.
EXCEPTION: Where a single drinking fountain complies with 602.1 through 602.6 and 602.7, it shall be permitted
to be substituted for two separate drinking fountains.
211.3 More Than Minimum Number. Where more than the minimum number of drinking fountains specified in
211.2 are provided, 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with 602.1 through
602.6, and 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with 602.7.
EXCEPTION: Where 50 percent of the drinking fountains yields a fraction, 50 percent shall be permitted to be
rounded up or down provided that the total number of drinking fountains complying with 211 equals 100 percent of
drinking fountains.
212 KITCHENS, KITCHENETTES, AND SINKS
212.1 General. Where provided, kitchens, kitchenettes, and sinks shall comply with 212.
212.2 Kitchens and Kitchenettes. Kitchens and kitchenettes shall comply with 804.
212.3 Sinks. Where sinks are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of each type provided in each
accessible room or space shall comply with 606.
EXCEPTION: Mop or service sinks shall not be required to comply with 212.3.
213 TOILET FACILITIES AND BATHING FACILITIES
213.1 General. Where toilet facilities and bathing facilities are provided, they shall comply with 213. Where toilet
facilities and bathing facilities are provided in facilities permitted by 206.2.3 Exceptions 1 and 2 not to connect stories
by an accessible route, toilet facilities and bathing facilities shall be provided on a story connected by an accessible
route to an accessible entrance.
213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. Where toilet rooms are provided, each toilet room shall comply with 603.
Where bathing rooms are provided, each bathing room shall comply with 603.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In alterations where it is technically infeasible to comply with 603, altering existing toilet or bathing rooms
shall not be required where a single unisex toilet room or bathing room complying with 213.2.1 is provided
and located in the same area and on the same floor as existing in accessible toilet or bathing rooms.
2. Where exceptions for alterations to qualified historic buildings or facilities are permitted by 202.5, no fewer
than one toilet room for each sex complying with 603 or one unisex toilet room complying with 213.2.1
shall be provided.
3. Where multiple single user portable toilet or bathing units are clustered at a single location, no more than
5 percent of the toilet units and bathing units at each cluster shall be required to comply with 603. Portable
toilet units and bathing units complying with 603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of
Accessibility complying with 703.7.2.1.
4. Where multiple single user toilet rooms are clustered at a single location, no more than 50 percent of the
single user toilet rooms for each use at each cluster shall be required to comply with 603.
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Advisory 213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. These requirements allow the use of unisex
(or single-user) toilet rooms in alterations when technical infeasibility can be demonstrated. Unisex
toilet rooms benefit people who use opposite sex personal care assistants. For this reason, it is
advantageous to install unisex toilet rooms in addition to accessible single-sex toilet rooms in new
facilities.
Advisory 213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms Exceptions 3 and 4. A “cluster” is a group of
toilet rooms proximate to one another. Generally, toilet rooms in a cluster are within sight of, or
adjacent to, one another.
213.2.1 Unisex (Single-Use or Family) Toilet and Unisex Bathing Rooms. Unisex toilet rooms shall contain
not more than one lavatory, and two water closets without urinals or one water closet and one urinal. Unisex
bathing rooms shall contain one shower or one shower and one bathtub, one lavatory, and one water closet.
Doors to unisex toilet rooms and unisex bathing rooms shall have privacy latches.
213.3 Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories. Plumbing fixtures and accessories provided in a toilet room or bathing
room required to comply with 213.2 shall comply with 213.3.
213.3.1 Toilet Compartments. Where toilet compartments are provided, at least one toilet compartment shall
comply with 604.8.1. In addition to the compartment required to comply with 604.8.1, at least one compartment
shall comply with 604.8.2 where six or more toilet compartments are provided, or where the combination of
urinals and water closets totals six or more fixtures.
Advisory 213.3.1 Toilet Compartments. A toilet compartment is a partitioned space that is
located within a toilet room, and that normally contains no more than one water closet. A toilet
compartment may also contain a lavatory. A lavatory is a sink provided for hand washing. Fullheight partitions and door assemblies can comprise toilet compartments where the minimum
required spaces are provided within the compartment.
213.3.2 Water Closets. Where water closets are provided, at least one shall comply with 604.
213.3.3 Urinals. Where more than one urinal is provided, at least one shall comply with 605.
213.3.4 Lavatories. Where lavatories are provided, at least one shall comply with 606 and shall not be located in
a toilet compartment.
213.3.5 Mirrors. Where mirrors are provided, at least one shall comply with 603.3.
213.3.6 Bathing Facilities. Where bathtubs or showers are provided, at least one bathtub complying with 607 or
at least one shower complying with 608 shall be provided.
213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in toilet rooms without toilet
compartments, at least one of each type shall comply with 603.4. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in
toilet compartments, at least one of each type complying with 604.8.3 shall be provided in toilet compartments
required to comply with 213.3.1. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in bathing facilities, at least one of
each type complying with 603.4 shall serve fixtures required to comply with 213.3.6.
214 WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES DRYERS
214.1 General. Where provided, washing machines and clothes dryers shall comply with 214.
214.2 Washing Machines. Where three or fewer washing machines are provided, at least one shall comply with
611. Where more than three washing machines are provided, at least two shall comply with 611.
214.3 Clothes Dryers. Where three or fewer clothes dryers are provided, at least one shall comply with 611. Where
more than three clothes dryers are provided, at least two shall comply with 611.
215 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
215.1 General. Where fire alarm systems provide audible alarm coverage, alarms shall comply with 215.
EXCEPTION: In existing facilities, visible alarms shall not be required except where an existing fire alarm system
is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system is installed.
34
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Advisory 215.1 General. Unlike audible alarms, visible alarms must be located within the space
they serve so that the signal is visible. Facility alarm systems (other than fire alarm systems) such
as those used for tornado warnings and other emergencies are not required to comply with the
technical criteria for alarms in Section 702. Every effort should be made to ensure that such alarms
can be differentiated in their signal from fire alarms systems and that people who need to be
notified of emergencies are adequately safeguarded. Consult local fire departments and prepare
evacuation plans taking into consideration the needs of every building occupant, including people
with disabilities.
215.2 Public and Common Use Areas. Alarms in public use areas and common use areas shall comply with 702.
215.3 Employee Work Areas. Where employee work areas have audible alarm coverage, the wiring system shall
be designed so that visible alarms complying with 702 can be integrated into the alarm system.
215.4 Transient Lodging. Guest rooms required to comply with 224.4 shall provide alarms complying with 702.
215.5 Residential Facilities. Where provided in residential dwelling units required to comply with 809.5, alarms
shall comply with 702.
216 SIGNS
216.1 General. Signs shall be provided in accordance with 216 and shall comply with 703.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Building directories, menus, seat and row designations in assembly areas, occupant names, building
addresses, and company names and logos shall not be required to comply with 216.
2. In parking facilities, signs shall not be required to comply with 216.2, 216.3, and 216.6 through 216.12.
3. Temporary, 7 days or less, signs shall not be required to comply with 216.
4. In detention and correctional facilities, signs not located in public use areas shall not be required to
comply with 216.
216.2 Designations. Interior and exterior signs identifying permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 703.1,
703.2, and 703.5. Where pictograms are provided as designations of permanent interior rooms and spaces, the
pictograms shall comply with 703.6 and shall have text descriptors complying with 703.2 and 703.5.
EXCEPTION: Exterior signs that are not located at the door to the space they serve shall not be required to
comply with 703.2.
Advisory 216.2 Designations. Section 216.2 applies to signs that provide designations, labels, or
names for interior rooms or spaces where the sign is not likely to change over time. Examples
include interior signs labeling restrooms, room and floor numbers or letters, and room names.
Tactile text descriptors are required for pictograms that are provided to label or identify a
permanent room or space. Pictograms that provide information about a room or space, such as
“no smoking,” occupant logos, and the International Symbol of Accessibility, are not required to
have text descriptors.
216.3 Directional and Informational Signs. Signs that provide direction to or information about interior spaces and
facilities of the site shall comply with 703.5.
Advisory 216.3 Directional and Informational Signs. Information about interior spaces
and facilities includes rules of conduct, occupant load, and similar signs. Signs providing
direction to rooms or spaces include those that identify egress routes.
216.4 Means of Egress. Signs for means of egress shall comply with 216.4.
216.4.1 Exit Doors. Doors at exit passageways, exit discharge, and exit stairways shall be identified by tactile
signs complying with 703.1, 703.2, and 703.5.
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Advisory 216.4.1 Exit Doors. An exit passageway is a horizontal exit component that is
separated from the interior spaces of the building by fire-resistance-rated construction and that
leads to the exit discharge or public way. The exit discharge is that portion of an egress system
between the termination of an exit and a public way.
216.4.2 Areas of Refuge. Signs required by section 1003.2.13.5.4 of the International Building Code (2000
edition) or section 1007.6.4 of the International Building Code (2003 edition) (incorporated by reference, see
“Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) to provide instructions in areas of refuge shall comply with 703.5.
216.4.3 Directional Signs. Signs required by section 1003.2.13.6 of the International Building Code (2000
edition) or section 1007.7 of the International Building Code (2003 edition) (incorporated by reference, see
“Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) to provide directions to accessible means of egress shall comply with
703.5.
216.5 Parking. Parking spaces complying with 502 shall be identified by signs complying with 502.6.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Reserved.
2. In residential facilities, where parking spaces are assigned to specific residential dwelling units,
identification of accessible parking spaces shall not be required.
216.6 Entrances. Where not all entrances comply with 404, entrances complying with 404 shall be identified by the
International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7.2.1. Directional signs complying with 703.5 that indicate
the location of the nearest entrance complying with 404 shall be provided at entrances that do not comply with 404.
Advisory 216.6 Entrances. Where a directional sign is required, it should be located to minimize
backtracking. In some cases, this could mean locating a sign at the beginning of a route, not just at
the inaccessible entrances to a building.
216.7 Elevators. Where existing elevators do not comply with 407, elevators complying with 407 shall be clearly
identified with the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7.2.1.
216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms. Where existing toilet rooms or bathing rooms do not comply with 603,
directional signs indicating the location of the nearest toilet room or bathing room complying with 603 within the
facility shall be provided. Signs shall comply with 703.5 and shall include the International Symbol of Accessibility
complying with 703.7.2.1. Where existing toilet rooms or bathing rooms do not comply with 603, the toilet rooms or
bathing rooms complying with 603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with
703.7.2.1. Where clustered single user toilet rooms or bathing facilities are permitted to use exceptions to 213.2,
toilet rooms or bathing facilities complying with 603 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility
complying with 703.7.2.1 unless all toilet rooms and bathing facilities comply with 603.
216.9 TTYs. Identification and directional signs for public TTYs shall be provided in accordance with 216.9.
216.9.1 Identification Signs. Public TTYs shall be identified by the International Symbol of TTY complying with
703.7.2.2.
216.9.2 Directional Signs. Directional signs indicating the location of the nearest public TTY shall be provided at
all banks of public pay telephones not containing a public TTY. In addition, where signs provide direction to public
pay telephones, they shall also provide direction to public TTYs. Directional signs shall comply with 703.5 and
shall include the International Symbol of TTY complying with 703.7.2.2.
216.10 Assistive Listening Systems. Each assembly area required by 219 to provide assistive listening systems
shall provide signs informing patrons of the availability of the assistive listening system. Assistive listening signs shall
comply with 703.5 and shall include the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss complying with 703.7.2.4.
EXCEPTION: Where ticket offices or windows are provided, signs shall not be required at each assembly area
provided that signs are displayed at each ticket office or window informing patrons of the availability of assistive
listening systems.
216.11 Check-Out Aisles. Where more than one check-out aisle is provided, check-out aisles complying with 904.3
shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7.2.1. Where check-out aisles are
identified by numbers, letters, or functions, signs identifying check-out aisles complying with 904.3 shall be located in
the same location as the check-out aisle identification.
36
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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EXCEPTION: Where all check-out aisles serving a single function comply with 904.3, signs complying with
703.7.2.1 shall not be required.
216.12 Amusement Rides. Signs identifying the type of access provided on amusement rides shall be provided at
entries to queues and waiting lines. In addition, where accessible unload areas also serve as accessible load areas,
signs indicating the location of the accessible load and unload areas shall be provided at entries to queues and
waiting lines.
Advisory 216.12 Amusement Rides. Amusement rides designed primarily for children,
amusement rides that are controlled or operated by the rider, and amusement rides without seats,
are not required to provide wheelchair spaces, transfer seats, or transfer systems, and need not
meet the sign requirements in 216.12. The load and unload areas of these rides must, however, be
on an accessible route and must provide turning space.
217 TELEPHONES
217.1 General. Where coin-operated public pay telephones, coinless public pay telephones, public closed-circuit
telephones, public courtesy phones, or other types of public telephones are provided, public telephones shall be
provided in accordance with 217 for each type of public telephone provided. For purposes of this section, a bank of
telephones shall be considered to be two or more adjacent telephones.
Advisory 217.1 General. These requirements apply to all types of public telephones including
courtesy phones at airports and rail stations that provide a free direct connection to hotels,
transportation services, and tourist attractions.
217.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones. Where public telephones are provided, wheelchair accessible
telephones complying with 704.2 shall be provided in accordance with Table 217.2.
EXCEPTION: Drive-up only public telephones shall not be required to comply with 217.2.
TABLE 217.2
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE TELEPHONES
Number of Telephones Provided on a
Floor, Level, or Exterior Site
Minimum Number of Required
Wheelchair Accessible Telephones
1 or more single units
1 bank
2 or more banks
1 per floor, level, and exterior site
1 per floor, level, and exterior site
1 per bank
217.3 Volume Controls. All public telephones shall have volume controls complying with 704.3.
217.4 TTYs. TTYs complying with 704.4 shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.
Advisory 217.4 TTYs. Separate requirements are provided based on the number of public pay
telephones provided at a bank of telephones, within a floor, a building, or on a site. In some
instances one TTY can be used to satisfy more than one of these requirements. For example, a
TTY required for a bank can satisfy the requirements for a building. However, the requirement for
at least one TTY on an exterior site cannot be met by installing a TTY in a bank inside a building.
Consideration should be given to phone systems that can accommodate both digital and analog
transmissions for compatibility with digital and analog TTYs.
217.4.1 Bank Requirement. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided at a bank of telephones, at
least one public TTY complying with 704.4 shall be provided at that bank.
EXCEPTION: TTYs shall not be required at banks of telephones located within 200 feet (61 m) of, and on the
same floor as, a bank containing a public TTY.
217.4.2 Floor Requirement. TTYs in public buildings shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.2.1. TTYs in
private buildings shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.2.2.
217.4.2.1 Public Buildings. Where at least one public pay telephone is provided on a floor of a public building,
at least one public TTY shall be provided on that floor.
217.4.2.2 Private Buildings. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided on a floor of a private
building, at least one public TTY shall be provided on that floor.
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
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217.4.3 Building Requirement. TTYs in public buildings shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.3.1. TTYs in
private buildings shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.3.2.
217.4.3.1 Public Buildings. Where at least one public pay telephone is provided in a public building, at least
one public TTY shall be provided in the building. Where at least one public pay telephone is provided in a public
use area of a public building, at least one public TTY shall be provided in the public building in a public use
area.
217.4.3.2 Private Buildings. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided in a private building, at
least one public TTY shall be provided in the building.
217.4.4 Exterior Site Requirement. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided on an exterior site,
at least one public TTY shall be provided on the site.
217.4.5 Rest Stops, Emergency Roadside Stops, and Service Plazas. Where at least one public pay
telephone is provided at a public rest stop, emergency roadside stop, or service plaza, at least one public TTY
shall be provided.
217.4.6 Hospitals. Where at least one public pay telephone is provided serving a hospital emergency room,
hospital recovery room, or hospital waiting room, at least one public TTY shall be provided at each location.
217.4.7 Transportation Facilities. In transportation facilities, in addition to the requirements of 217.4.1 through
217.4.4, where at least one public pay telephone serves a particular entrance to a bus or rail facility, at least one
public TTY shall be provided to serve that entrance. In airports, in addition to the requirements of 217.4.1 through
217.4.4, where four or more public pay telephones are located in a terminal outside the security areas, a
concourse within the security areas, or a baggage claim area in a terminal, at least one public TTY shall be
provided in each location.
217.4.8 Detention and Correctional Facilities. In detention and correctional facilities, where at least one pay
telephone is provided in a secured area used only by detainees or inmates and security personnel, at least one
TTY shall be provided in at least one secured area.
217.5 Shelves for Portable TTYs. Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a building consists of three or more
public pay telephones, at least one public pay telephone at the bank shall be provided with a shelf and an electrical
outlet in accordance with 704.5.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Secured areas of detention and correctional facilities where shelves and outlets are prohibited for
purposes of security or safety shall not be required to comply with 217.5.
2. The shelf and electrical outlet shall not be required at a bank of telephones with a TTY.
218 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
218.1 General. Transportation facilities shall comply with 218.
218.2 New and Altered Fixed Guideway Stations. New and altered stations in rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail,
intercity rail, high speed rail, and other fixed guideway systems shall comply with 810.5 through 810.10.
218.3 Key Stations and Existing Intercity Rail Stations. Key stations and existing intercity rail stations shall
comply with 810.5 through 810.10.
218.4 Bus Shelters. Where provided, bus shelters shall comply with 810.3.
218.5 Other Transportation Facilities. In other transportation facilities, public address systems shall comply with
810.7 and clocks shall comply with 810.8.
219 ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
219.1 General. Assistive listening systems shall be provided in accordance with 219 and shall comply with 706.
219.2 Required Systems. In each assembly area where audible communication is integral to the use of the space,
an assistive listening system shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: Other than in courtrooms, assistive listening systems shall not be required where audio
amplification is not provided.
38
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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219.3 Receivers. Receivers complying with 706.2 shall be provided for assistive listening systems in each assembly
area in accordance with Table 219.3. Twenty-five percent minimum of receivers provided, but no fewer than two,
shall be hearing-aid compatible in accordance with 706.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where a building contains more than one assembly area and the assembly areas required to provide
assistive listening systems are under one management, the total number of required receivers shall be
permitted to be calculated according to the total number of seats in the assembly areas in the building
provided that all receivers are usable with all systems.
2. Where all seats in an assembly area are served by an induction loop assistive listening system, the
minimum number of receivers required by Table 219.3 to be hearing-aid compatible shall not be required
to be provided.
TABLE 219.3
RECEIVERS FOR ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
Capacity of Seating
in Assembly Area
Minimum Number of Required Receivers
Minimum Number of Required Receivers
Required to be Hearing-aid Compatible
50 or less
51 to 200
201 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 to 2000
2001 and over
2
2, plus 1 per 25 seats over 50 seats1
2, plus 1 per 25 seats over 50 seats1
20, plus 1 per 33 seats over 500 seats1
35, plus 1 per 50 seats over 1000 seats1
55 plus 1 per 100 seats over 2000 seats1
2
2
1 per 4 receivers1
1 per 4 receivers1
1 per 4 receivers1
1 per 4 receivers1
1. Or fraction thereof.
220 AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINES AND FARE MACHINES
220.1 General. Where automatic teller machines or self-service fare vending, collection, or adjustment machines are
provided, at least one of each type provided at each location shall comply with 707. Where bins are provided for
envelopes, waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each type shall comply with 811.
Advisory 220.1 General. If a bank provides both interior and exterior ATMs, each such installation
is considered a separate location. Accessible ATMs, including those with speech and those that
are within reach of people who use wheelchairs, must provide all the functions provided to
customers at that location at all times. For example, it is unacceptable for the accessible ATM only
to provide cash withdrawals while inaccessible ATMs also sell theater tickets.
221 ASSEMBLY AREAS
221.1 General. Assembly areas shall provide wheelchair spaces, companion seats, and designated aisle seats
complying with 221 and 802. In addition, lawn seating shall comply with 221.5.
221.1.1 Florida Vertical Accessibility. Nothing in this code relieves the owner of any building, structure, or
facility governed by this code from the duty to provide vertical accessibility to all levels above and below the
occupiable grade level, regardless of whether the ADA Standards for Accessible Design require an elevator to be
installed in such building, structure or facility.
EXCEPTION: Theaters, concert halls, and stadiums, or other large assembly areas that have stadium-style
seating or tiered seating if the requirements of sections 221 and 802 are met.
221.2 Wheelchair Spaces. Wheelchair spaces complying with 221.2 shall be provided in assembly areas with fixed
seating.
221.2.1 Number and Location. Wheelchair spaces shall be provided complying with 221.2.1.
221.2.1.1 General Seating. Wheelchair spaces complying with 802.1 shall be provided in accordance with
Table 221.2.1.1.
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TABLE 221.2.1.1
SEATING CAPACITY
Capacity of Seating in Assembly Areas
Number of Required Wheelchair Locations
4 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 150
151 to 300
301 to 500
501 to 5000
5001 and over
1
2
4
5
6
6, plus 1 for each 150, or fraction thereof between 501 through 5000
36, plus 1 for each 200, or fraction thereof over 5000
221.2.1.2 Luxury Boxes, Club Boxes, and Suites in Arenas, Stadiums, and Grandstands. In each luxury
box, club box, and suite within arenas, stadiums, and grandstands, wheelchair spaces complying with 802.1
shall be provided in accordance with Table 221.2.1.1.
Advisory 221.2.1.2 Luxury Boxes, Club Boxes, and Suites in Arenas, Stadiums, and
Grandstands. The number of wheelchair spaces required in luxury boxes, club boxes, and suites
within an arena, stadium, or grandstand is to be calculated box by box and suite by suite.
221.2.1.3 Other Boxes. In boxes other than those required to comply with 221.2.1.2, the total number of
wheelchair spaces required shall be determined in accordance with Table 221.2.1.1. Wheelchair spaces shall
be located in not less than 20 percent of all boxes provided. Wheelchair spaces shall comply with 802.1.
Advisory 221.2.1.3 Other Boxes. The provision for seating in “other boxes” includes box seating
provided in facilities such as performing arts auditoria where tiered boxes are designed for spatial
and acoustical purposes. The number of wheelchair spaces required in boxes covered by
221.2.1.3 is calculated based on the total number of seats provided in these other boxes. The
resulting number of wheelchair spaces must be located in no fewer than 20% of the boxes covered
by this section. For example, a concert hall has 20 boxes, each of which contains 10 seats, totaling
200 seats. In this example, 5 wheelchair spaces would be required, and they must be placed in at
least 4 of the boxes. Additionally, because the wheelchair spaces must also meet the dispersion
requirements of 221.2.3, the boxes containing these wheelchair spaces cannot all be located in
one area unless an exception to the dispersion requirements applies.
221.2.1.4 Team or Player Seating. At least one wheelchair space complying with 802.1 shall be provided in
team or player seating areas serving areas of sport activity.
EXCEPTION: Wheelchair spaces shall not be required in team or player seating areas serving bowling lanes
not required to comply with 206.2.11.
221.2.2 Integration. Wheelchair spaces shall be an integral part of the seating plan.
Advisory 221.2.2 Integration. The requirement that wheelchair spaces be an “integral part of the
seating plan” means that wheelchair spaces must be placed within the footprint of the seating
area. Wheelchair spaces cannot be segregated from seating areas. For example, it would be
unacceptable to place only the wheelchair spaces, or only the wheelchair spaces and their
associated companion seats, outside the seating areas defined by risers in an assembly area.
221.2.3 Lines of Sight and Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall provide lines of sight complying with 802.2 and
shall comply with 221.2.3. In providing lines of sight, wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed. Wheelchair spaces
shall provide spectators with choices of seating locations and viewing angles that are substantially equivalent to,
or better than, the choices of seating locations and viewing angles available to all other spectators. When the
number of wheelchair spaces required by 221.2.1 has been met, further dispersion shall not be required.
EXCEPTION: Wheelchair spaces in team or player seating areas serving areas of sport activity shall not be
required to comply with 221.2.3.
40
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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Advisory 221.2.3 Lines of Sight and Dispersion. Consistent with the overall intent of the ADA,
individuals who use wheelchairs must be provided equal access so that their experience is
substantially equivalent to that of other members of the audience. Thus, while individuals who use
wheelchairs need not be provided with the best seats in the house, neither may they be relegated
to the worst.
221.2.3.1 Horizontal Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed horizontally.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Horizontal dispersion shall not be required in assembly areas with 300 or fewer seats if the companion
seats required by 221.3 and wheelchair spaces are located within the 2nd or 3rd quartile of the total
row length. Intermediate aisles shall be included in determining the total row length. If the row length
in the 2nd and 3rd quartile of a row is insufficient to accommodate the required number of companion
seats and wheelchair spaces, the additional companion seats and wheelchair spaces shall be
permitted to be located in the 1st and 4th quartile of the row.
2. In row seating, two wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be located side-by-side.
Advisory 221.2.3.1 Horizontal Dispersion. Horizontal dispersion of wheelchair spaces is the
placement of spaces in an assembly facility seating area from side-to-side or, in the case of an
arena or stadium, around the field of play or performance area.
221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion. Wheelchair spaces shall be dispersed vertically at varying distances from the
screen, performance area, or playing field. In addition, wheelchair spaces shall be located in each balcony or
mezzanine that is located on an accessible route.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Vertical dispersion shall not be required in assembly areas with 300 or fewer seats if the wheelchair
spaces provide viewing angles that are equivalent to, or better than, the average viewing angle
provided in the facility.
2. In bleachers, wheelchair spaces shall not be required to be provided in rows other than rows at points
of entry to bleacher seating.
Advisory 221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion. When wheelchair spaces are dispersed vertically in an
assembly facility they are placed at different locations within the seating area from front-to-back so
that the distance from the screen, stage, playing field, area of sports activity, or other focal point is
varied among wheelchair spaces.
Advisory 221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion Exception 2. Points of entry to bleacher seating may
include, but are not limited to, cross aisles, concourses, vomitories, and entrance ramps and stairs.
Vertical, center, or side aisles adjoining bleacher seating that are stepped or tiered are not
considered entry points.
221.3 Companion Seats. At least one companion seat complying with 802.3 shall be provided for each wheelchair
space required by 221.2.1.
221.4 Designated Aisle Seats. At least 5 percent of the total number of aisle seats provided shall comply with 802.4
and shall be the aisle seats located closest to accessible routes.
EXCEPTION: Team or player seating areas serving areas of sport activity shall not be required to comply with
221.4.
Advisory 221.4 Designated Aisle Seats. When selecting which aisle seats will meet the
requirements of 802.4, those aisle seats which are closest to, not necessarily on, accessible routes
must be selected first. For example, an assembly area has two aisles (A and B) serving seating
areas with an accessible route connecting to the top and bottom of Aisle A only. The aisle seats
chosen to meet 802.4 must be those at the top and bottom of Aisle A, working toward the middle.
Only when all seats on Aisle A would not meet the five percent minimum would seats on Aisle B be
designated.
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221.5 Lawn Seating. Lawn seating areas and exterior overflow seating areas, where fixed seats are not provided,
shall connect to an accessible route.
221.6 Stadiums, Arenas, and Grandstands. Wheelchair spaces and companion seats shall be dispersed to all
levels that include seating served by an accessible route.
221.7 Seating Encircling A Field of Play or Performance. In assembly areas that are required to horizontally
disperse wheelchair spaces and companion seats by section 221.2.3.1 and that have seating encircling, in whole or
in part, a field of play or performance, wheelchair spaces and companion seats shall be dispersed around that field of
play or performance area.
221.8 Temporary Platforms or Other Movable Structures. Wheelchair spaces and companion seats shall not be
located on (or obstructed by) temporary platforms or other movable structures, except that when an entire seating
section is placed on temporary platforms or other movable structures in an area where fixed seating is not provided,
in order to increase seating for an event, wheelchair spaces and companion seats may be placed in that section.
When wheelchair spaces and companion seats are not required to accommodate persons eligible for those spaces
and seats, individual, removable seats may be placed in those spaces and seats.
221.9 Stadium Style Movie Theaters. Wheelchair spaces and companion seats shall be located on a riser or crossaisle in the stadium section that satisfies at least one of the following criteria: (i) It is located within the rear 60% of
the seats provided in an auditorium; or (ii) It is located within the area of an auditorium in which the vertical viewing
angles (as measured to the top of the screen) are from the 40th to the 100th percentile of vertical viewing angles for
all seats as ranked from the seats in the first row (1st percentile) to seats in the back row (100th percentile).
222 DRESSING, FITTING, AND LOCKER ROOMS
222.1 General. Where dressing rooms, fitting rooms, or locker rooms are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer
than one, of each type of use in each cluster provided shall comply with 803.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, where it is technically infeasible to provide rooms in accordance with 222.1, one room
for each sex on each level shall comply with 803. Where only unisex rooms are provided, unisex rooms shall be
permitted.
Advisory 222.1 General. A “cluster” is a group of rooms proximate to one another. Generally,
rooms in a cluster are within sight of, or adjacent to, one another. Different styles of design provide
users varying levels of privacy and convenience. Some designs include private changing facilities
that are close to core areas of the facility, while other designs use space more economically and
provide only group dressing facilities. Regardless of the type of facility, dressing, fitting, and locker
rooms should provide people with disabilities rooms that are equally private and convenient to
those provided others. For example, in a physician’s office, if people without disabilities must
traverse the full length of the office suite in clothing other than their street clothes, it is acceptable
for people with disabilities to be asked to do the same.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1
require vertical access to all levels of rooms. Florida requirements may be waived down to the
ADA Standards requirements.
222.2 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in dressing, fitting or locker rooms
without individual compartments, at least one of each type shall comply with 803.5. Where coat hooks or shelves are
provided in individual compartments at least one of each type complying with 803.5 shall be provided in individual
compartments in dressing, fitting, or locker rooms required to comply with 222.1.
223 MEDICAL CARE AND LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES
223.1 General. In licensed medical care facilities and licensed long-term care facilities where the period of stay
exceeds twenty-four hours, patient or resident sleeping rooms shall be provided in accordance with 223.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
EXCEPTION: Toilet rooms that are part of critical or intensive care patient sleeping rooms shall not be required to
comply with 603.
42
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Advisory 223.1 General. Because medical facilities frequently reconfigure spaces to reflect
changes in medical specialties, Section 223.1 does not include a provision for dispersion of
accessible patient or resident sleeping rooms. The lack of a design requirement does not mean
that covered entities are not required to provide services to people with disabilities where
accessible rooms are not dispersed in specialty areas. Locate accessible rooms near core areas
that are less likely to change over time. While dispersion is not required, the flexibility it provides
can be a critical factor in ensuring cost effective compliance with applicable civil rights laws,
including titles II and III of the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.
Additionally, all types of features and amenities should be dispersed among accessible sleeping
rooms to ensure equal access to and a variety of choices for all patients and residents.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1
require vertical access to all levels of facilities. Florida requirements may be waived down to the
ADA Standards requirements.
223.1.1 Alterations. Where sleeping rooms are altered or added, the requirements of 223 shall apply only to the
sleeping rooms being altered or added until the number of sleeping rooms complies with the minimum number
required for new construction.
Advisory 223.1.1 Alterations. In alterations and additions, the minimum required number is
based on the total number of sleeping rooms altered or added instead of on the total number of
sleeping rooms provided in a facility. As a facility is altered over time, every effort should be made
to disperse accessible sleeping rooms among patient care areas such as pediatrics, cardiac care,
maternity, and other units. In this way, people with disabilities can have access to the full-range of
services provided by a medical care facility.
223.2 Hospitals, Rehabilitation Facilities, Psychiatric Facilities and Detoxification Facilities. Hospitals,
rehabilitation facilities, psychiatric facilities and detoxification facilities shall comply with 223.2.
223.2.1 Facilities Not Specializing in Treating Conditions That Affect Mobility. In facilities not specializing in
treating conditions that affect mobility, at least 10 percent, but no fewer than one, of the patient sleeping rooms
shall provide mobility features complying with 805. Accessible patient bedrooms shall be dispersed in a manner
that is proportionate by type of medical specialty.
223.2.2 Facilities Specializing in Treating Conditions That Affect Mobility. In facilities specializing in treating
conditions that affect mobility, 100 percent of the patient sleeping rooms shall provide mobility features complying
with 805.
Advisory 223.2.2 Facilities Specializing in Treating Conditions That Affect Mobility.
Conditions that affect mobility include conditions requiring the use or assistance of a brace, cane,
crutch, prosthetic device, wheelchair, or powered mobility aid; arthritic, neurological, or orthopedic
conditions that severely limit one’s ability to walk; respiratory diseases and other conditions which
may require the use of portable oxygen; and cardiac conditions that impose significant functional
limitations. Facilities that may provide treatment for, but that do not specialize in treatment of such
conditions, such as general rehabilitation hospitals, are not subject to this requirement but are
subject to Section 223.2.1.
223.3 Long-Term Care Facilities. In licensed long-term care facilities, at least 50 percent, but no fewer than one, of
each type of resident sleeping room shall provide mobility features complying with 805.
224 TRANSIENT LODGING GUEST ROOMS
224.1 General. Transient lodging facilities shall provide guest rooms in accordance with 224.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
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Advisory 224.1 General. Certain facilities used for transient lodging, including time shares,
dormitories, and town homes may be covered by both these requirements and the Fair Housing
Amendments Act. The Fair Housing Amendments Act requires that certain residential structures
having four or more multi-family dwelling units, regardless of whether they are privately owned or
federally assisted, include certain features of accessible and adaptable design according to
guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This
law and the appropriate regulations should be consulted before proceeding with the design and
construction of residential housing.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1
require vertical access to all levels. Florida requirements may be waived down to the ADA
Standards requirements.
224.1.1 Alterations. Where guest rooms are altered or added, the requirements of 224 shall apply only to the
guest rooms being altered or added until the number of guest rooms complies with the minimum number required
for new construction.
Advisory 224.1.1 Alterations. In alterations and additions, the minimum required number of
accessible guest rooms is based on the total number of guest rooms altered or added instead of
the total number of guest rooms provided in a facility. Typically, each alteration of a facility is
limited to a particular portion of the facility. When accessible guest rooms are added as a result of
subsequent alterations, compliance with 224.5 (Dispersion) is more likely to be achieved if all of
the accessible guest rooms are not provided in the same area of the facility.
224.1.2 Guest Room Doors and Doorways. Entrances, doors, and doorways providing user passage into and
within guest rooms that are not required to provide mobility features complying with 806.2 shall comply with
404.2.3.
EXCEPTION: Shower and sauna doors in guest rooms that are not required to provide mobility features
complying with 806.2 shall not be required to comply with 404.2.3.
Advisory 224.1.2 Guest Room Doors and Doorways. Because of the social interaction that
often occurs in lodging facilities, an accessible clear opening width is required for doors and
doorways to and within all guest rooms, including those not required to be accessible. This applies
to all doors, including bathroom doors, that allow full user passage. Other requirements for doors
and doorways in Section 404 do not apply to guest rooms not required to provide mobility features.
224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features. In transient lodging facilities, guest rooms with mobility features
complying with 806.2 shall be provided in accordance with Table 224.2.
TABLE 224.2
GUEST ROOMS WITH MOBILITY FEATURES
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 and over
44
Minimum Number of
Required Rooms
Without Roll-in
Showers
Minimum Number of
Required Rooms
With Roll-in
Showers
Total Number of
Required Rooms
Florida 5%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 percent of total
20, plus 1 for each
100, or fraction
thereof, over 1000
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
1 percent of total
10, plus 1 for each
100, or fraction
thereof, over 1000
1
2
4
5
7
8
10
12
13
3 percent of total
30, plus 2 for each
100, or fraction
thereof, over 1000
See Section
224.6.3
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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224.3 Beds. In guest rooms having more than 25 beds, 5 percent minimum of the beds shall have clear floor space
complying with 806.2.3.
224.4 Guest Rooms with Communication Features. In transient lodging facilities, guest rooms with
communication features complying with 806.3 shall be provided in accordance with Table 224.4.
TABLE 224.4
GUEST ROOMS WITH COMMUNICATION FEATURES
Total Number of Guest
Rooms Provided
Minimum Number of Required Guest Rooms
With Communication Features
2 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 and over
2
4
7
9
12
14
17
20
22
5 percent of total
50, plus 3 for each 100 over 1000
224.5 Dispersion. Guest rooms required to provide mobility features complying with 806.2 and guest rooms
required to provide communication features complying with 806.3 shall be dispersed among the various classes of
guest rooms, and shall provide choices of types of guest rooms, number of beds, and other amenities comparable to
the choices provided to other guests. Where the minimum number of guest rooms required to comply with 806 is not
sufficient to allow for complete dispersion, guest rooms shall be dispersed in the following priority: guest room type,
number of beds, and amenities. At least one guest room required to provide mobility features complying with 806.2
shall also provide communication features complying with 806.3. Not more than 10 percent of guest rooms required
to provide mobility features complying with 806.2 shall be used to satisfy the minimum number of guest rooms
required to provide communication features complying with 806.3.
Advisory 224.5 Dispersion. Factors to be considered in providing an equivalent range of options
may include, but are not limited to, room size, bed size, cost, view, bathroom fixtures such as hot
tubs and spas, smoking and nonsmoking, and the number of rooms provided.
224.6 Places of Lodging. Places of lodging shall comply with the requirements for transient lodging guest rooms in
sections 224 and 806.
EXCEPTION: Alterations to guest rooms in places of lodging where the guest rooms are not owned or
substantially controlled by the entity that owns, leases, or operates the overall facility and the physical features of
the guest room interiors are controlled by their individual owners are not required to comply with § 36.402 or the
alterations requirements in section 224.1.1 of the 2010 Standards.
224.6.1 Guest rooms. Guest rooms with mobility features shall be provided as follows: (i) Facilities that are
subject to the same permit application on a common site that each have 50 or fewer guest rooms may be
combined for the purposes of determining the required number of accessible rooms and type of accessible
bathing facility in accordance with table 224.2; (ii) Facilities with more than 50 guest rooms shall be treated
separately for the purposes of determining the required number of accessible rooms and type of accessible
bathing facility in accordance with table 224.2.
224.6.2 Facilities With Residential Units and Transient Lodging Units. Residential dwelling units that are
designed and constructed for residential use exclusively are not subject to the transient lodging standards.
224.6.3 Buildings, Structures, or Facilities Licensed as a Hotel, Motel, or Condominium Pursuant to
Chapter 509, F.S. All buildings, structures, or facilities licensed as a hotel, motel, or condominium pursuant to
chapter 509, F.S., a number of rooms equaling at least 5 percent of the guest rooms minus the Total Number of
Required (accessible) Rooms required by Table 224.2 shall provide special accessibility features of 806.4.
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224.7 Housing at a place of education. Housing at a place of education shall comply with the requirements for
transient lodging guest rooms in sections 224 and 806, subject to the following exceptions. The term “sleeping room”
is intended to be used interchangeably with the term “guest room” as it is used in the transient lodging standards.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Kitchens within housing units containing accessible sleeping rooms with mobility features (including suites
and clustered sleeping rooms) or on floors containing accessible sleeping rooms with mobility features
shall provide turning spaces that comply with section 809.2.2 and kitchen work surfaces that comply with
section 804.3.
2. Multi-bedroom housing units containing accessible sleeping rooms with mobility features shall have an
accessible route throughout the unit in accordance with section 809.2.
3. Apartments or townhouse facilities that are provided by or on behalf of a place of education, which are
leased on a year-round basis exclusively to graduate students or faculty and do not contain any public use
or common use areas available for educational programming, are not subject to the transient lodging
standards and shall comply with the requirements for residential facilities in sections 233 and 809.
225 STORAGE
225.1 General. Storage facilities shall comply with 225.
225.2 Storage. Where storage is provided in accessible spaces, at least one of each type shall comply with 811.
Advisory 225.2 Storage. Types of storage include, but are not limited to, closets, cabinets,
shelves, clothes rods, hooks, and drawers. Where provided, at least one of each type of storage
must be within the reach ranges specified in 308; however, it is permissible to install additional
storage outside the reach ranges.
225.2.1 Lockers. Where lockers are provided, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one of each type, shall comply
with 811.
Advisory 225.2.1 Lockers. Different types of lockers may include full-size and half-size lockers,
as well as those specifically designed for storage of various sports equipment.
225.2.2 Self-Service Shelving. Self-service shelves shall be located on an accessible route complying with 402.
Self-service shelving shall not be required to comply with 308.
Advisory 225.2.2 Self-Service Shelving. Self-service shelves include, but are not limited to,
library, store, or post office shelves.
225.3 Self-Service Storage Facilities. Self-service storage facilities shall provide individual self-service storage
spaces complying with these requirements in accordance with Table 225.3.
Advisory 225.3 Self-Service Storage Facilities. Although there are no technical requirements
that are unique to self-service storage facilities, elements and spaces provided in facilities
containing self-service storage spaces required to comply with these requirements must comply
with this code where applicable. For example: the number of storage spaces required to comply
with these requirements must provide accessible Routes complying with Section 206; Accessible
Means of Egress complying with Section 207; Parking Spaces complying with Section 208; and,
where provided, other public use or common use elements and facilities such as toilet rooms,
drinking fountains, and telephones must comply with the applicable requirements of this code.
TABLE 225.3
SELF-SERVICE STORAGE FACILITIES
Total Spaces in Facility
Minimum Number of Spaces Required to be Accessible
1 to 200
201 and over
5 percent, but no fewer than 1
10, plus 2 percent of total number of units over 200
225.3.1 Dispersion. Individual self-service storage spaces shall be dispersed throughout the various classes of
spaces provided. Where more classes of spaces are provided than the number required to be accessible, the
46
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number of spaces shall not be required to exceed that required by Table 225.3. Self-service storage spaces
complying with Table 225.3 shall not be required to be dispersed among buildings in a multi-building facility.
226 DINING SURFACES AND WORK SURFACES
226.1 General. Where dining surfaces are provided for the consumption of food or drink, at least 5 percent of the
seating spaces and standing spaces at the dining surfaces shall comply with 902. In addition, where work surfaces
are provided for use by other than employees, at least 5 percent shall comply with 902.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Sales counters and service counters shall not be required to comply with 902.
2. Check writing surfaces provided at check-out aisles not required to comply with 904.3 shall not be
required to comply with 902.
Advisory 226.1 General. In facilities covered by the ADA, this requirement does not apply to work
surfaces used only by employees. However, the ADA and, where applicable, Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, provide that employees are entitled to “reasonable
accommodations.” With respect to work surfaces, this means that employers may need to procure
or adjust work stations such as desks, laboratory and work benches, fume hoods, reception
counters, teller windows, study carrels, commercial kitchen counters, and conference tables to
accommodate the individual needs of employees with disabilities on an “as needed” basis.
Consider work surfaces that are flexible and permit installation at variable heights and clearances.
226.2 Dispersion. Dining surfaces and work surfaces required to comply with 902 shall be dispersed throughout the
space or facility containing dining surfaces and work surfaces.
227 SALES AND SERVICE
227.1 General. Where provided, check-out aisles, sales counters, service counters, food service lines, queues, and
waiting lines shall comply with 227 and 904.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
227.2 Check-Out Aisles. Where check-out aisles are provided, check-out aisles complying with 904.3 shall be
provided in accordance with Table 227.2. Where check-out aisles serve different functions, check-out aisles
complying with 904.3 shall be provided in accordance with Table 227.2 for each function. Where check-out aisles are
dispersed throughout the building or facility, check-out aisles complying with 904.3 shall be dispersed.
EXCEPTION: Where the selling space is under 5000 square feet (465 m2) no more than one check-out aisle
complying with 904.3 shall be required.
TABLE 227.2
CHECK-OUT AISLES
Number of Check-Out Aisles of Each
Function
Minimum Number of Check-Out Aisles of Each Function
Required to Comply with 904.3
1 to 4
5 to 8
9 to 15
16 and over
1
2
3
3, plus 20 percent of additional aisles
227.2.1 Altered Check-Out Aisles. Where check-out aisles are altered, at least one of each check-out aisle
serving each function shall comply with 904.3 until the number of check-out aisles complies with 227.2.
227.3 Counters. Where provided, at least one of each type of sales counter and service counter shall comply with
904.4. Where counters are dispersed throughout the building or facility, counters complying with 904.4 also shall be
dispersed.
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Advisory 227.3 Counters. Types of counters that provide different services in the same facility
include, but are not limited to, order, pick-up, express, and returns. One continuous counter can be
used to provide different types of service. For example, order and pick-up are different services. It
would not be acceptable to provide access only to the part of the counter where orders are taken
when orders are picked-up at a different location on the same counter. Both the order and pick-up
section of the counter must be accessible.
227.4 Food Service Lines. Food service lines shall comply with 904.5. Where self-service shelves are provided, at
least 50 percent, but no fewer than one, of each type provided shall comply with 308.
227.5 Queues and Waiting Lines. Queues and waiting lines servicing counters or check-out aisles required to
comply with 904.3 or 904.4 shall comply with 403.
228 DEPOSITORIES, VENDING MACHINES, CHANGE MACHINES, MAIL BOXES, AND
FUEL DISPENSERS
228.1 General. Where provided, at least one of each type of depository, vending machine, change machine, and fuel
dispenser shall comply with 309.
EXCEPTION: Drive-up only depositories shall not be required to comply with 309.
Advisory 228.1 General. Depositories include, but are not limited to, night receptacles in banks,
post offices, video stores, and libraries.
228.2 Mail Boxes. Where mail boxes are provided in an interior location, at least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of
each type shall comply with 309. In residential facilities, where mail boxes are provided for each residential dwelling
unit, mail boxes complying with 309 shall be provided for each residential dwelling unit required to provide mobility
features complying with 809.2 through 809.4.
229 WINDOWS
229.1 General. Where glazed openings are provided in accessible rooms or spaces for operation by occupants, at
least one opening shall comply with 309. Each glazed opening required by an administrative authority to be operable
shall comply with 309.
EXCEPTION:
1. Glazed openings in residential dwelling units required to comply with 809 shall not be required to comply
with 229.
2. Glazed openings in guest rooms required to provide communication features and in guest rooms required
to comply with 206.5.3 shall not be required to comply with 229.
230 TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
230.1 General. Where a two-way communication system is provided to gain admittance to a building or facility or to
restricted areas within a building or facility, the system shall comply with 708.
Advisory 230.1 General. This requirement applies to facilities such as office buildings,
courthouses, and other facilities where admittance to the building or restricted spaces is
dependent on two-way communication systems.
231 JUDICIAL FACILITIES
231.1 General. Judicial facilities shall comply with 231.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
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231.2 Courtrooms. Each courtroom shall comply with 808.
231.3 Holding Cells. Where provided, central holding cells and court-floor holding cells shall comply with 231.3.
231.3.1 Central Holding Cells. Where separate central holding cells are provided for adult male, juvenile male,
adult female, or juvenile female, one of each type shall comply with 807.2. Where central holding cells are
provided and are not separated by age or sex, at least one cell complying with 807.2 shall be provided.
231.3.2 Court-Floor Holding Cells. Where separate court-floor holding cells are provided for adult male, juvenile
male, adult female, or juvenile female, each courtroom shall be served by one cell of each type complying with
807.2. Where court-floor holding cells are provided and are not separated by age or sex, courtrooms shall be
served by at least one cell complying with 807.2. Cells may serve more than one courtroom.
231.4 Visiting Areas. Visiting areas shall comply with 231.4.
231.4.1 Cubicles and Counters. At least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of cubicles shall comply with 902 on
both the visitor and detainee sides. Where counters are provided, at least one shall comply with 904.4.2 on both
the visitor and detainee sides.
EXCEPTION: The detainee side of cubicles or counters at non-contact visiting areas not serving holding cells
required to comply with 231 shall not be required to comply with 902 or 904.4.2.
231.4.2 Partitions. Where solid partitions or security glazing separate visitors from detainees at least one of each
type of cubicle or counter partition shall comply with 904.6.
232 DETENTION FACILITIES AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
232.1 General. Buildings, facilities, or portions thereof, in which people are detained for penal or correction
purposes, or in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted for security reasons shall comply with 232.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
Advisory 232.1 General. Detention facilities include, but are not limited to, jails, detention centers,
and holding cells in police stations. Correctional facilities include, but are not limited to, prisons,
reformatories, and correctional centers.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1
require vertical access to all levels of facilities. Florida requirements may be waived down to the
ADA Standards requirements.
232.2 General Holding Cells and General Housing Cells. General holding cells and general housing cells shall be
provided in accordance with 232.2.
EXCEPTION: Alterations to cells shall not be required to comply except to the extent determined by 232.2.1
Exception 2.
Advisory 232.2 General Holding Cells and General Housing Cells. Accessible cells or rooms
should be dispersed among different levels of security, housing categories, and holding
classifications (e.g., male/female and adult/juvenile) to facilitate access. Many detention and
correctional facilities are designed so that certain areas (e.g., “shift” areas) can be adapted to
serve as different types of housing according to need. For example, a shift area serving as a
medium-security housing unit might be redesignated for a period of time as a high-security housing
unit to meet capacity needs. Placement of accessible cells or rooms in shift areas may allow
additional flexibility in meeting requirements for dispersion of accessible cells or rooms.
Advisory 232.2 General Holding Cells and General Housing Cells Exception. Although these
requirements do not specify that cells be accessible as a consequence of an alteration, title II of
the ADA requires that each service, program, or activity conducted by a public entity, when viewed
in its entirety, be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. This requirement
must be met unless doing so would fundamentally alter the nature of a service, program, or activity
or would result in undue financial and administrative burdens.
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232.2.1 Cells with Mobility Features. At least 2 percent, but no fewer than one, of the total number of cells in a
facility shall provide mobility features complying with 807.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. New construction of jails, prisons, and other detention and correctional facilities by public entities shall
provide accessible mobility features complying with section 807.2 for a minimum of 3%, but no fewer
than one, of the total number of cells in a facility. Cells with mobility features shall be provided in each
classification level.
2. Alterations to detention and correctional facilities. Alterations to jails, prisons, and other detention and
correctional facilities by public entities shall provide accessible mobility features complying with section
807.2 for a minimum of 3 percent, but no fewer than one, of the total number of cells being altered until
at least 3 percent, but no fewer than one, of the total number of cells in a facility shall provide mobility
features complying with section 807.2. Altered cells with mobility features shall be provided in each
classification level. However, when alterations are made to specific cells, detention and correctional
facility operators may satisfy their obligation to provide the required number of cells with mobility
features by providing the required mobility features in substitute cells (cells other than those where
alterations are originally planned), provided that each substitute cell: (i) is located within the same
prison site; (ii) Is integrated with other cells to the maximum extent feasible; (iii) Has, at a minimum,
equal physical access as the altered cells to areas used by inmates or detainees for visitation, dining,
recreation, educational programs, medical services, work programs, religious services, and
participation in other programs that the facility offers to inmates or detainees; and, (iv) If it is technically
infeasible to locate a substitute cell within the same prison site, a substitute cell must be provided at
another prison site within the corrections system.
232.2.1.1 Beds. In cells having more than 25 beds, at least 5 percent of the beds shall have clear floor space
complying with 807.2.3.
232.2.2 Cells with Communication Features. At least 2 percent, but no fewer than one, of the total number of
general holding cells and general housing cells equipped with audible emergency alarm systems and permanently
installed telephones within the cell shall provide communication features complying with 807.3.
232.3 Special Holding Cells and Special Housing Cells. Where special holding cells or special housing cells are
provided, at least one cell serving each purpose shall provide mobility features complying with 807.2. Cells subject to
this requirement include, but are not limited to, those used for purposes of orientation, protective custody,
administrative or disciplinary detention or segregation, detoxification, and medical isolation.
EXCEPTION: Alterations to cells shall not be required to comply except to the extent determined by the Attorney
General.
232.4 Medical Care Facilities. Patient bedrooms or cells required to comply with 223 shall be provided in addition to
any medical isolation cells required to comply with 232.3.
232.4.1 Medical and Long-Term Care Facilities in Jails, Prisons, and Other Detention and Correctional
Facilities. Public entities shall comply with 223 irrespective of whether those facilities are licensed.
232.5 Visiting Areas. Visiting areas shall comply with 232.5.
232.5.1 Cubicles and Counters. At least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of cubicles shall comply with 902 on
both the visitor and detainee sides. Where counters are provided, at least one shall comply with 904.4.2 on both
the visitor and detainee or inmate sides.
EXCEPTION: The inmate or detainee side of cubicles or counters at non-contact visiting areas not serving
holding cells or housing cells required to comply with 232 shall not be required to comply with 902 or 904.4.2.
232.5.2 Partitions. Where solid partitions or security glazing separate visitors from detainees or inmates at least
one of each type of cubicle or counter partition shall comply with 904.6.
233 RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES
233.1 General. Facilities with residential dwelling units shall comply with 233.
Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, section 201.1.1 shall apply.
50
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Advisory 233.1 General. Section 233 outlines the requirements for residential facilities subject to
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The facilities covered by Section 233, as well as other
facilities not covered by this section, may still be subject to other Federal laws such as the Fair
Housing Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. For example, the Fair
Housing Act requires that certain residential structures having four or more multi-family dwelling
units, regardless of whether they are privately owned or federally assisted, include certain features
of accessible and adaptable design according to guidelines established by the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD). These laws and the appropriate regulations should be
consulted before proceeding with the design and construction of residential facilities.
Florida law s.553.504(2), F.S., incorporated in section 233.3.6 establishes bathroom requirements
for all new single-family houses, duplexes, triplexes, condominiums, and townhouses.
Residential facilities containing residential dwelling units provided by entities subject to HUD’s
Section 504 regulations and residential dwelling units covered by Section 233.3 must comply with
the technical and scoping requirements in Chapters 1 through 10 included in this code. Section
233 is not a stand-alone section; this section only addresses the minimum number of residential
dwelling units within a facility required to comply with Chapter 8. However, residential facilities
must also comply with the requirements of this code. For example: Section 206.5.4 requires all
doors and doorways providing user passage in residential dwelling units providing mobility
features to comply with Section 404; Section 206.7.6 permits platform lifts to be used to connect
levels within residential dwelling units providing mobility features; Section 208 provides general
scoping for accessible parking and Section 208.2.3.1 specifies the required number of accessible
parking spaces for each residential dwelling unit providing mobility features; Section 228.2
requires mail boxes to be within reach ranges when they serve residential dwelling units providing
mobility features; play areas are addressed in Section 240; and swimming pools are addressed in
Section 242. There are special provisions applicable to facilities containing residential dwelling
units at: Exception 3 to 202.3; Exception to 202.4; 203.8; and Exception 4 to 206.2.3.
Florida vertical accessibility requirements of s.553.509, F.S., as incorporated in section 201.1.1
require vertical access to all levels for accessible units. Florida requirements may be waived down
to the ADA Standards requirements.
233.2 Residential Dwelling Units Provided by Entities Subject to HUD Section 504 Regulations. Where
facilities with residential dwelling units are provided by entities subject to regulations issued by the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, such
entities shall provide residential dwelling units with mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4 in a number
required by the applicable HUD regulations. Residential dwelling units required to provide mobility features
complying with 809.2 through 809.4 shall be on an accessible route as required by 206. In addition, such entities
shall provide residential dwelling units with communication features complying with 809.5 in a number required by
the applicable HUD regulations. Entities subject to 233.2 shall not be required to comply with 233.3.
Advisory 233.2 Residential Dwelling Units Provided by Entities Subject to HUD Section 504
Regulations. Section 233.2 requires that entities subject to HUD’s regulations implementing
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, provide residential dwelling units
containing mobility features and residential dwelling units containing communication features
complying with these regulations in a number specified in HUD’s Section 504 regulations. Further,
the residential dwelling units provided must be dispersed according to HUD’s Section 504 criteria.
In addition, Section 233.2 defers to HUD the specification of criteria by which the technical
requirements of this code will apply to alterations of existing facilities subject to HUD’s Section 504
regulations.
233.3 Residential Dwelling Units Provided by Entities Not Subject to HUD Section 504 Regulations. Facilities
with residential dwelling units provided by entities not subject to regulations issued by the Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, shall comply with
233.3.
233.3.1 Minimum Number: New Construction. Newly constructed facilities with residential dwelling units shall
comply with 233.3.1.
EXCEPTION: Where facilities contain 15 or fewer residential dwelling units, the requirements of 233.3.1.1 and
233.3.1.2 shall apply to the total number of residential dwelling units that are constructed under a single
contract, or are developed as a whole, whether or not located on a common site.
233.3.1.1 Residential Dwelling Units with Mobility Features. In facilities with residential dwelling units, at
least 5 percent, but no fewer than one unit, of the total number of residential dwelling units shall provide
mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4 and shall be on an accessible route as required by 206.
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233.3.1.2 Residential Dwelling Units with Communication Features. In facilities with residential dwelling
units, at least 2 percent, but no fewer than one unit, of the total number of residential dwelling units shall
provide communication features complying with 809.5.
233.3.2 Residential Dwelling Units for Sale. Residential dwelling units offered for sale shall provide accessible
features to the extent required by regulations issued for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as
amended.
Residential dwelling units designed and constructed or altered by public entities that will be offered for sale to
individuals shall comply with the requirements for residential facilities in sections 233 and 809.
Advisory 233.3.2 Residential Dwelling for Sale. DOJ regulation 28 CFR 35.1511(j)(2), for public
entities (Title II) adds the following clarification regarding construction of dwelling units for sale to
preselected buyers with disabilities: “The requirements of paragraph (1) also apply to housing
programs that are operated by public entities where design and construction of particular
residential dwelling units take place only after a specific buyer has been identified. In such
programs, the covered entity must provide the units that comply with the requirements for
accessible features to those pre-identified buyers with disabilities who have requested such a
unit.”
233.3.3 Additions. Where an addition to an existing building results in an increase in the number of residential
dwelling units, the requirements of 233.3.1 shall apply only to the residential dwelling units that are added until the
total number of residential dwelling units complies with the minimum number required by 233.3.1. Residential
dwelling units required to comply with 233.3.1.1 shall be on an accessible route as required by 206.
233.3.4 Alterations. Alterations shall comply with 233.3.4.
EXCEPTION: Where compliance with 809.2, 809.3, or 809.4 is technically infeasible, or where it is technically
infeasible to provide an accessible route to a residential dwelling unit, the entity shall be permitted to alter or
construct a comparable residential dwelling unit to comply with 809.2 through 809.4 provided that the minimum
number of residential dwelling units required by 233.3.1.1 and 233.3.1.2, as applicable, is satisfied.
Advisory 233.3.4 Alterations Exception. A substituted dwelling unit must be comparable to the
dwelling unit that is not made accessible. Factors to be considered in comparing one dwelling unit
to another should include the number of bedrooms; amenities provided within the dwelling unit;
types of common spaces provided within the facility; and location with respect to community
resources and services, such as public transportation and civic, recreational, and mercantile
facilities.
233.3.4.1 Alterations to Vacated Buildings. Where a building is vacated for the purposes of alteration, and
the altered building contains more than 15 residential dwelling units, at least 5 percent of the residential
dwelling units shall comply with 809.2 through 809.4 and shall be on an accessible route as required by 206. In
addition, at least 2 percent of the residential dwelling units shall comply with 809.5.
Advisory 233.3.4.1 Alterations to Vacated Buildings. This provision is intended to apply where
a building is vacated with the intent to alter the building. Buildings that are vacated solely for pest
control or asbestos removal are not subject to the requirements to provide residential dwelling
units with mobility features or communication features.
233.3.4.2 Alterations to Individual Residential Dwelling Units. In individual residential dwelling units, where
a bathroom or a kitchen is substantially altered, and at least one other room is altered, the requirements of
233.3.1 shall apply to the altered residential dwelling units until the total number of residential dwelling units
complies with the minimum number required by 233.3.1.1 and 233.3.1.2. Residential dwelling units required to
comply with 233.3.1.1 shall be on an accessible route as required by 206.
EXCEPTION: Where facilities contain 15 or fewer residential dwelling units, the requirements of 233.3.1.1
and 233.3.1.2 shall apply to the total number of residential dwelling units that are altered under a single
contract, or are developed as a whole, whether or not located on a common site.
52
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Advisory 233.3.4.2 Alterations to Individual Residential Dwelling Units. Section 233.3.4.2
uses the terms “substantially altered” and “altered.” A substantial alteration to a kitchen or
bathroom includes, but is not limited to, alterations that are changes to or rearrangements in the
plan configuration, or replacement of cabinetry. Substantial alterations do not include normal
maintenance or appliance and fixture replacement, unless such maintenance or replacement
requires changes to or rearrangements in the plan configuration, or replacement of cabinetry. The
term “alteration” is defined both in Section 106 of these requirements and in the Department of
Justice ADA regulations.
233.3.5 Dispersion. Residential dwelling units required to provide mobility features complying with 809.2 through
809.4 and residential dwelling units required to provide communication features complying with 809.5 shall be
dispersed among the various types of residential dwelling units in the facility and shall provide choices of
residential dwelling units comparable to, and integrated with, those available to other residents.
EXCEPTION: Where multi-story residential dwelling units are one of the types of residential dwelling units
provided, one-story residential dwelling units shall be permitted as a substitute for multi-story residential
dwelling units where equivalent spaces and amenities are provided in the one-story residential dwelling unit.
233.3.6 All new single-family houses, duplexes, triplexes, condominiums, and townhouses shall provide at least
one bathroom, located with maximum possible privacy, where bathrooms are provided on habitable grade levels,
with a door that has a 29-inch clear opening. However, if only a toilet room is provided at grade level, such toilet
room shall have a clear opening of at least 29 inches.
233.4 Social Service Center Establishments. Group homes, halfway houses, shelters, or similar social service
center establishments that provide either temporary sleeping accommodations or residential dwelling units shall
comply with the provisions applicable to residential facilities in sections 233 and 809.
233.4.1 In sleeping rooms with more than 25 beds, a minimum of 5 percent of the beds shall have clear floor
space complying with section 806.2.3.
233.4.2 Facilities with more than 50 beds covered that provide common use bathing facilities shall provide at least
one roll-in shower with a seat that complies with section 608. Transfer-type showers are not permitted in lieu of a
roll-in shower with a seat, and the exceptions in sections 608.3 and 608.4 for residential dwelling units are not
permitted. When separate shower facilities are provided for men and for women, at least one roll-in shower shall
be provided for each group.
233.5 Apartments or Townhouse Facilities Provided By or on Behalf of A Place of Education. Apartments or
townhouse facilities that are provided by or on behalf of a place of education, which are leased on a year-round basis
exclusively to graduate students or faculty and do not contain any public use or common use areas available for
educational programming shall comply with the requirements for residential facilities in sections 233 and 809.
233.6 Residential Dwelling Units Designed and Constructed or Altered by Public Entities that will be Offered
for Sale to Individuals. Residential dwelling units designed and constructed or altered by public entities that will be
offered for sale to individuals shall comply with the requirements for residential facilities in sections 233 and 809.
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234 AMUSEMENT RIDES
234.1 General. Amusement rides shall comply with 234.
EXCEPTION: Mobile or portable amusement rides shall not be required to comply with 234.
Advisory 234.1 General. These requirements apply generally to newly designed and constructed
amusement rides and attractions. A custom designed and constructed ride is new upon its first
use, which is the first time amusement park patrons take the ride. With respect to amusement rides
purchased from other entities, new refers to the first permanent installation of the ride, whether it is
used off the shelf or modified before it is installed. Where amusement rides are moved after
several seasons to another area of the park or to another park, the ride would not be considered
newly designed or newly constructed.
Some amusement rides and attractions that have unique designs and features are not addressed
by these requirements. In those situations, these requirements are to be applied to the extent
possible. An example of an amusement ride not specifically addressed by these requirements
includes “virtual reality” rides where the device does not move through a fixed course within a
defined area. An accessible route must be provided to these rides. Where an attraction or ride has
unique features for which there are no applicable scoping provisions, then a reasonable number,
but at least one, of the features must be located on an accessible route. Where there are
appropriate technical provisions, they must be applied to the elements that are covered by the
scoping provisions.
Advisory 234.1 General Exception. Mobile or temporary rides are those set up for short periods
of time such as traveling carnivals, State and county fairs, and festivals. The amusement rides that
are covered by 234.1 are ones that are not regularly assembled and disassembled.
234.2 Load and Unload Areas. Load and unload areas serving amusement rides shall comply with 1002.3.
234.3 Minimum Number. Amusement rides shall provide at least one wheelchair space complying with 1002.4, or at
least one amusement ride seat designed for transfer complying with 1002.5, or at least one transfer device
complying with 1002.6.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Amusement rides that are controlled or operated by the rider shall not be required to comply with 234.3.
2. Amusement rides designed primarily for children, where children are assisted on and off the ride by an
adult, shall not be required to comply with 234.3.
3. Amusement rides that do not provide amusement ride seats shall not be required to comply with 234.3.
Advisory 234.3 Minimum Number Exceptions 1 through 3. Amusement rides controlled or
operated by the rider, designed for children, or rides without ride seats are not required to comply
with 234.3. These rides are not exempt from the other provisions in 234 requiring an accessible
route to the load and unload areas and to the ride. The exception does not apply to those rides
where patrons may cause the ride to make incidental movements, but where the patron otherwise
has no control over the ride.
Advisory 234.3 Minimum Number Exception 2. The exception is limited to those rides designed
“primarily” for children, where children are assisted on and off the ride by an adult. This exception
is limited to those rides designed for children and not for the occasional adult user. An accessible
route to and turning space in the load and unload area will provide access for adults and family
members assisting children on and off these rides.
234.4 Existing Amusement Rides. Where existing amusement rides are altered, the alteration shall comply with
234.4.
Advisory 234.4 Existing Amusement Rides. Routine maintenance, painting, and changing of
theme boards are examples of activities that do not constitute an alteration subject to this section.
234.4.1 Load and Unload Areas. Where load and unload areas serving existing amusement rides are newly
designed and constructed, the load and unload areas shall comply with 1002.3.
234.4.2 Minimum Number. Where the structural or operational characteristics of an amusement ride are altered
54
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to the extent that the amusement ride’s performance differs from that specified by the manufacturer or the original
design, the amusement ride shall comply with 234.3.
235 RECREATIONAL BOATING FACILITIES
235.1 General. Recreational boating facilities shall comply with 235.
235.2 Boat Slips. Boat slips complying with 1003.3.1 shall be provided in accordance with Table 235.2. Where the
number of boat slips is not identified, each 40 feet (12 m) of boat slip edge provided along the perimeter of the pier
shall be counted as one boat slip for the purpose of this section.
TABLE 235.2
BOAT SLIPS
Total Number of Boat Slips Provided in
Facility
Minimum Number of Required Accessible Boat
Slips
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 600
601 to 700
701 to 800
801 to 900
901 to 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12, plus 1 for every 100,
or fraction thereof, over 1000
1001 and over
Advisory 235.2 Boat Slips. The requirement for boat slips also applies to piers where boat slips
are not demarcated. For example, a single pier 25 feet (7620 mm) long and 5 feet (1525 mm) wide
(the minimum width specified by Section 1003.3) allows boats to moor on three sides. Because the
number of boat slips is not demarcated, the total length of boat slip edge (55 feet, 17 m) must be
used to determine the number of boat slips provided (two). This number is based on the
specification in Section 235.2 that each 40 feet (12 m) of boat slip edge, or fraction thereof, counts
as one boat slip. In this example, Table 235.2 would require one boat slip to be accessible.
235.2.1 Dispersion. Boat slips complying with 1003.3.1 shall be dispersed throughout the various types of boat
slips provided. Where the minimum number of boat slips required to comply with 1003.3.1 has been met, no
further dispersion shall be required.
Advisory 235.2.1 Dispersion. Types of boat slips are based on the size of the boat slips; whether
single berths or double berths, shallow water or deep water, transient or longer-term lease,
covered or uncovered; and whether slips are equipped with features such as telephone, water,
electricity or cable connections. The term “boat slip” is intended to cover any pier area other than
launch ramp boarding piers where recreational boats are moored for purposes of berthing,
embarking, or disembarking. For example, a fuel pier may contain boat slips, and this type of short
term slip would be included in determining compliance with 235.2.
235.3 Boarding Piers at Boat Launch Ramps. Where boarding piers are provided at boat launch ramps, at least 5
percent, but no fewer than one, of the boarding piers shall comply with 1003.3.2.
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SCOPING
236 EXERCISE MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
236.1 General. At least one of each type of exercise machine and equipment shall comply with 1004.
Advisory 236.1 General. Most strength training equipment and machines are considered different
types. Where operators provide a biceps curl machine and cable-cross-over machine, both
machines are required to meet the provisions in this section, even though an individual may be
able to work on their biceps through both types of equipment.
Similarly, there are many types of cardiovascular exercise machines, such as stationary bicycles,
rowing machines, stair climbers, and treadmills. Each machine provides a cardiovascular exercise
and is considered a different type for purposes of these requirements.
237 FISHING PIERS AND PLATFORMS
237.1 General. Fishing piers and platforms shall comply with 1005.
238 GOLF FACILITIES
238.1 General. Golf facilities shall comply with 238.
238.2 Golf Courses. Golf courses shall comply with 238.2.
238.2.1 Teeing Grounds. Where one teeing ground is provided for a hole, the teeing ground shall be designed
and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit the teeing ground. Where two teeing grounds are provided
for a hole, the forward teeing ground shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit the
teeing ground. Where three or more teeing grounds are provided for a hole, at least two teeing grounds, including
the forward teeing ground, shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit each teeing
ground.
EXCEPTION: In existing golf courses, the forward teeing ground shall not be required to be one of the teeing
grounds on a hole designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit the teeing ground where
compliance is not feasible due to terrain.
238.2.2 Putting Greens. Putting greens shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit
the putting green.
238.2.3 Weather Shelters. Where provided, weather shelters shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car
can enter and exit the weather shelter and shall comply with 1006.4.
238.3 Practice Putting Greens, Practice Teeing Grounds, and Teeing Stations at Driving Ranges.
At least 5 percent, but no fewer than one, of practice putting greens, practice teeing grounds, and teeing stations at
driving ranges shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit the practice putting greens,
practice teeing grounds, and teeing stations at driving ranges.
239 MINIATURE GOLF FACILITIES
239.1 General. Miniature golf facilities shall comply with 239.
239.2 Minimum Number. At least 50 percent of holes on miniature golf courses shall comply with 1007.3.
Advisory 239.2 Minimum Number. Where possible, providing access to all holes on a miniature
golf course is recommended. If a course is designed with the minimum 50 percent accessible
holes, designers or operators are encouraged to select holes which provide for an equivalent
experience to the maximum extent possible.
56
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239.3 Miniature Golf Course Configuration. Miniature golf courses shall be configured so that the holes complying
with 1007.3 are consecutive. Miniature golf courses shall provide an accessible route from the last hole complying
with 1007.3 to the course entrance or exit without requiring travel through any other holes on the course.
EXCEPTION: One break in the sequence of consecutive holes shall be permitted provided that the last hole on
the miniature golf course is the last hole in the sequence.
Advisory 239.3 Miniature Golf Course Configuration. Where only the minimum 50 percent of
the holes are accessible, an accessible route from the last accessible hole to the course exit or
entrance must not require travel back through other holes. In some cases, this may require an
additional accessible route. Other options include increasing the number of accessible holes in a
way that limits the distance needed to connect the last accessible hole with the course exit or
entrance.
240 PLAY AREAS
240.1 General. Play areas for children ages 2 and over shall comply with 240. Where separate play areas are
provided within a site for specific age groups, each play area shall comply with 240.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Play areas located in family child care facilities where the proprietor actually resides shall not be required
to comply with 240.
2. In existing play areas, where play components are relocated for the purposes of creating safe use zones
and the ground surface is not altered or extended for more than one use zone, the play area shall not be
required to comply with 240.
3. Amusement attractions shall not be required to comply with 240.
4. Where play components are altered and the ground surface is not altered, the ground surface shall not be
required to comply with 1008.2.6 unless required by 202.4.
Advisory 240.1 General. Play areas may be located on exterior sites or within a building. Where
separate play areas are provided within a site for children in specified age groups (e.g., preschool
(ages 2 to 5) and school age (ages 5 to 12)), each play area must comply with this section. Where
play areas are provided for the same age group on a site but are geographically separated (e.g.,
one is located next to a picnic area and another is located next to a softball field), they are
considered separate play areas and each play area must comply with this section.
240.1.1 Additions. Where play areas are designed and constructed in phases, the requirements of 240 shall
apply to each successive addition so that when the addition is completed, the entire play area complies with all the
applicable requirements of 240.
Advisory 240.1.1 Additions. These requirements are to be applied so that when each successive
addition is completed, the entire play area complies with all applicable provisions. For example, a
play area is built in two phases. In the first phase, there are 10 elevated play components and 10
elevated play components are added in the second phase for a total of 20 elevated play
components in the play area. When the first phase was completed, at least 5 elevated play
components, including at least 3 different types, were to be provided on an accessible route. When
the second phase is completed, at least 10 elevated play components must be located on an
accessible route, and at least 7 ground level play components, including 4 different types, must be
provided on an accessible route. At the time the second phase is complete, ramps must be used to
connect at least 5 of the elevated play components and transfer systems are permitted to be used
to connect the rest of the elevated play components required to be located on an accessible route.
240.2 Play Components. Where provided, play components shall comply with 240.2.
240.2.1 Ground Level Play Components. Ground level play components shall be provided in the number and
types required by 240.2.1. Ground level play components that are provided to comply with 240.2.1.1 shall be
permitted to satisfy the additional number required by 240.2.1.2 if the minimum required types of play components
are satisfied. Where two or more required ground level play components are provided, they shall be dispersed
throughout the play area and integrated with other play components.
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Advisory 240.2.1 Ground Level Play Components. Examples of ground level play components
may include spring rockers, swings, diggers, and stand-alone slides. When distinguishing between
the different types of ground level play components, consider the general experience provided by
the play component. Examples of different types of experiences include, but are not limited to,
rocking, swinging, climbing, spinning, and sliding.
A spiral slide may provide a slightly different experience from a straight slide, but sliding is the
general experience and therefore a spiral slide is not considered a different type of play
component from a straight slide.
Ground level play components accessed by children with disabilities must be integrated into the
play area. Designers should consider the optimal layout of ground level play components
accessed by children with disabilities to foster interaction and socialization among all children.
Grouping all ground level play components accessed by children with disabilities in one location is
not considered integrated.
Where a stand-alone slide is provided, an accessible route must connect the base of the stairs at
the entry point to the exit point of the slide. A ramp or transfer system to the top of the slide is not
required. Where a sand box is provided, an accessible route must connect to the border of the
sand box. Accessibility to the sand box would be enhanced by providing a transfer system into the
sand or by providing a raised sand table with knee clearance complying with 1008.4.3.
Ramps are preferred over transfer systems since not all children who use wheelchairs or other
mobility devices may be able to use, or may choose not to use, transfer systems. Where ramps
connect elevated play components, the maximum rise of any ramp run is limited to 12 inches (305
mm). Where possible, designers and operators are encouraged to provide ramps with a slope less
than the 1:12 maximum. Berms or sculpted dirt may be used to provide elevation and may be part
of an accessible route to composite play structures.
Platform lifts are permitted as a part of an accessible route. Because lifts must be independently
operable, operators should carefully consider the appropriateness of their use in unsupervised
settings.
240.2.1.1 Minimum Number and Types. Where ground level play components are provided, at least one of
each type shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 1008.4.
240.2.1.2 Additional Number and Types. Where elevated play components are provided, ground level play
components shall be provided in accordance with Table 240.2.1.2 and shall comply with 1008.4.
EXCEPTION: If at least 50 percent of the elevated play components are connected by a ramp and at least 3
of the elevated play components connected by the ramp are different types of play components, the play
area shall not be required to comply with 240.2.1.2.
Advisory 240.2.1.2 Additional Number and Types. Where a large play area includes two or
more composite play structures designed for the same age group, the total number of elevated
play components on all the composite play structures must be added to determine the additional
number and types of ground level play components that must be provided on an accessible route.
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Table 240.2.1.2
Number and Types of Ground Level Play Components Required to be on Accessible Routes
Number of Elevated Play
Components Provided
1
2 to 4
5 to 7
8 to 10
11 to 13
14 to 16
17 to 19
20 to 22
23 to 25
26 and over
Minimum Number of Ground Level Play
Components Required to be on an
Accessible Route
Minimum Number of Different Types of
Ground Level Play Components Required
to be on an Accessible Route
Not applicable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8, plus 1 for each additional 3, or
fraction thereof, over 25
Not applicable
1
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
240.2.2 Elevated Play Components. Where elevated play components are provided, at least 50 percent shall be
on an accessible route and shall comply with 1008.4.
Advisory 240.2.2 Elevated Play Components. A double or triple slide that is part of a composite
play structure is one elevated play component. For purposes of this section, ramps, transfer
systems, steps, decks, and roofs are not considered elevated play components. Although
socialization and pretend play can occur on these elements, they are not primarily intended for
play.
Some play components that are attached to a composite play structure can be approached or
exited at the ground level or above grade from a platform or deck. For example, a climber attached
to a composite play structure can be approached or exited at the ground level or above grade from
a platform or deck on a composite play structure. Play components that are attached to a
composite play structure and can be approached from a platform or deck (e.g., climbers and
overhead play components) are considered elevated play components. These play components
are not considered ground level play components and do not count toward the requirements in
240.2.1.2 regarding the number of ground level play components that must be located on an
accessible route.
241 SAUNAS AND STEAM ROOMS
241 General. Where provided, saunas and steam rooms shall comply with 612.
EXCEPTION: Where saunas or steam rooms are clustered at a single location, no more than 5 percent of the
saunas and steam rooms, but no fewer than one, of each type in each cluster shall be required to comply with
612.
242 SWIMMING POOLS, WADING POOLS, AND SPAS
242.1 General. Swimming pools, wading pools, and spas shall comply with 242.
242.2 Swimming Pools. At least two accessible means of entry shall be provided for swimming pools. Accessible
means of entry shall be swimming pool lifts complying with 1009.2; sloped entries complying with 1009.3; transfer
walls complying with 1009.4; transfer systems complying with 1009.5; and pool stairs complying with 1009.6. At least
one accessible means of entry provided shall comply with 1009.2 or 1009.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where a swimming pool has less than 300 linear feet (91 m) of swimming pool wall, no more than one
accessible means of entry shall be required provided that the accessible means of entry is a swimming
pool lift complying with 1009.2 or sloped entry complying with 1009.3.
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2. Wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and other pools where user access is limited to one
area shall not be required to provide more than one accessible means of entry provided that the
accessible means of entry is a swimming pool lift complying with 1009.2, a sloped entry complying with
1009.3, or a transfer system complying with 1009.5.
3. Catch pools shall not be required to provide an accessible means of entry provided that the catch pool
edge is on an accessible route.
Advisory 242.2 Swimming Pools. Where more than one means of access is provided into the
water, it is recommended that the means be different. Providing different means of access will
better serve the varying needs of people with disabilities in getting into and out of a swimming pool.
It is also recommended that where two or more means of access are provided, they not be
provided in the same location in the pool. Different locations will provide increased options for
entry and exit, especially in larger pools.
Advisory 242.2 Swimming Pools Exception 1. Pool walls at diving areas and areas along pool
walls where there is no pool entry because of landscaping or adjacent structures are to be counted
when determining the number of accessible means of entry required.
242.3 Wading Pools. At least one accessible means of entry shall be provided for wading pools. Accessible means
of entry shall comply with sloped entries complying with 1009.3.
242.4 Spas. At least one accessible means of entry shall be provided for spas. Accessible means of entry shall
comply with swimming pool lifts complying with 1009.2; transfer walls complying with 1009.4; or transfer systems
complying with 1009.5.
EXCEPTION: Where spas are provided in a cluster, no more than 5 percent, but no fewer than one, spa in each
cluster shall be required to comply with 242.4.
243 SHOOTING FACILITIES WITH FIRING POSITIONS
243.1 General. Where shooting facilities with firing positions are designed and constructed at a site, at least 5
percent, but no fewer than one, of each type of firing position shall comply with 1010.
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301 GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 3 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
302 FLOOR OR GROUND SURFACES
302.1 General. Floor and ground surfaces shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant and shall comply with 302.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Within animal containment areas, floor and ground surfaces shall not be required to be stable, firm, and slip
resistant.
2. Areas of sport activity shall not be required to comply with 302.
Advisory 302.1 General. A stable surface is one that remains unchanged by contaminants or
applied force, so that when the contaminant or force is removed, the surface returns to its original
condition. A firm surface resists deformation by either indentations or particles moving on its
surface. A slip-resistant surface provides sufficient frictional counterforce to the forces exerted in
walking to permit safe ambulation.
302.2 Carpet. Carpet or carpet tile shall be securely attached and shall have a firm cushion, pad, or backing or no
cushion or pad. Carpet or carpet tile shall have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile
texture. Pile height shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum. Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to floor surfaces
and shall have trim on the entire length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with 303.
Advisory 302.2 Carpet. Carpets and permanently affixed mats can significantly increase the
amount of force (roll resistance) needed to propel a wheelchair over a surface. The firmer the
carpeting and backing, the lower the roll resistance. A pile thickness up to 1/2 inch (13 mm)
(measured to the backing, cushion, or pad) is allowed, although a lower pile provides easier
wheelchair maneuvering. If a backing, cushion or pad is used, it must be firm. Preferably, carpet
pad should not be used because the soft padding increases roll resistance.
FIGURE 302.2
CARPET PILE HEIGHT
302.3 Openings. Openings in floor or ground surfaces shall not allow passage of a sphere more than 1/2 inch (13
mm) diameter except as allowed in 407.4.3, 409.4.3, 410.4, 810.5.3 and 810.10. Elongated openings shall be placed
so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.
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FIGURE 302.3
ELONGATED OPENINGS IN FLOOR OR GROUND SURFACES
303 CHANGES IN LEVEL
303.1 General. Where changes in level are permitted in floor or ground surfaces, they shall comply with 303.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Animal containment areas shall not be required to comply with 303.
2. Areas of sport activity shall not be required to comply with 303.
303.2 Vertical. Changes in level of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high maximum shall be permitted to be vertical.
FIGURE 303.2
VERTICAL CHANGE IN LEVEL
303.3 Beveled. Changes in level between 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high minimum and 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum shall
be beveled with a slope not steeper than 1:2.
Advisory 303.3 Beveled. A change in level of 1/2 inch (13 mm) is permitted to be 1/4 inch (6.4 mm)
vertical plus 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) beveled. However, in no case may the combined change in level
exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm). Changes in level exceeding 1/2 inch (13 mm) must comply with 405
(Ramps) or 406 (Curb Ramps).
FIGURE 303.3
BEVELED CHANGE IN LEVEL
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303.4 Ramps. Changes in level greater than 1/2 inch (13 mm) high shall be ramped, and shall comply with 405 or
406.
304 TURNING SPACE
304.1 General. Turning space shall comply with 304.
304.2 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of a turning space shall comply with 302. Changes in
level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
Advisory 304.2 Floor or Ground Surface Exception. As used in this section, the phrase
“changes in level” refers to surfaces with slopes and to surfaces with abrupt rise exceeding that
permitted in Section 303.3. Such changes in level are prohibited in required clear floor and ground
spaces, turning spaces, and in similar spaces where people using wheelchairs and other mobility
devices must park their mobility aids such as in wheelchair spaces, or maneuver to use elements
such as at doors, fixtures, and telephones. The exception permits slopes not steeper than 1:48.
304.3 Size. Turning space shall comply with 304.3.1 or 304.3.2.
304.3.1 Circular Space. The turning space shall be a space of 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter minimum. The
space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306.
304.3.2 T-Shaped Space. The turning space shall be a T-shaped space within a 60 inch (1525 mm) square
minimum with arms and base 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Each arm of the T shall be clear of obstructions
12 inches (305 mm) minimum in each direction and the base shall be clear of obstructions 24 inches (610 mm)
minimum. The space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306 only at the end of
either the base or one arm.
FIGURE 304.3.2
T-SHAPED TURNING SPACE
304.4 Door Swing. Doors shall be permitted to swing into turning spaces.
305 CLEAR FLOOR OR GROUND SPACE
305.1 General. Clear floor or ground space shall comply with 305.
305.2 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of a clear floor or ground space shall comply with 302.
Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
305.3 Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm)
minimum.
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FIGURE 305.3
CLEAR FLOOR OR GROUND SPACE
305.4 Knee and Toe Clearance. Unless otherwise specified, clear floor or ground space shall be permitted to
include knee and toe clearance complying with 306.
305.5 Position. Unless otherwise specified, clear floor or ground space shall be positioned for either forward or
parallel approach to an element.
FIGURE 305.5
POSITION OF CLEAR FLOOR OR GROUND SPACE
305.6 Approach. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor or ground space shall adjoin an accessible route or
adjoin another clear floor or ground space.
305.7 Maneuvering Clearance. Where a clear floor or ground space is located in an alcove or otherwise confined
on all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering clearance shall be provided in accordance with 305.7.1 and
305.7.2.
305.7.1 Forward Approach. Alcoves shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum where the depth exceeds 24
inches (610 mm).
FIGURE 305.7.1
MANEUVERING CLEARANCE IN AN ALCOVE, FORWARD APPROACH
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305.7.2 Parallel Approach. Alcoves shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum where the depth exceeds 15
inches (380 mm).
FIGURE 305.7.2
MANEUVERING CLEARANCE IN AN ALCOVE, PARALLEL APPROACH
306 KNEE AND TOE CLEARANCE
306.1 General. Where space beneath an element is included as part of clear floor or ground space or turning space,
the space shall comply with 306. Additional space shall not be prohibited beneath an element but shall not be
considered as part of the clear floor or ground space or turning space.
Advisory 306.1 General. Clearances are measured in relation to the usable clear floor space, not
necessarily to the vertical support for an element. When determining clearance under an object for
required turning or maneuvering space, care should be taken to ensure the space is clear of any
obstructions.
306.2 Toe Clearance.
FIGURE 306.2
TOE CLEARANCE
306.2.1 General. Space under an element between the finish floor or ground and 9 inches (230 mm) above the
finish floor or ground shall be considered toe clearance and shall comply with 306.2.
306.2.2 Maximum Depth. Toe clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an element.
306.2.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where toe clearance is required at an element as part of a clear floor space,
the toe clearance shall extend 17 inches (430 mm) minimum under the element.
306.2.4 Additional Clearance. Space extending greater than 6 inches (150 mm) beyond the available knee
clearance at 9 inches (230 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not be considered toe clearance.
306.2.5 Width. Toe clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum.
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306.3 Knee Clearance.
FIGURE 306.3
KNEE CLEARANCE
306.3.1 General. Space under an element between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the finish
floor or ground shall be considered knee clearance and shall comply with 306.3.
306.3.2 Maximum Depth. Knee clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an element at 9
inches (230 mm) above the finish floor or ground.
306.3.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where knee clearance is required under an element as part of a clear floor
space, the knee clearance shall be 11 inches (280 mm) deep minimum at 9 inches (230 mm) above the finish floor
or ground, and 8 inches (205 mm) deep minimum at 27 inches (685 mm) above the finish floor or ground.
306.3.4 Clearance Reduction. Between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the finish floor or
ground, the knee clearance shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) in depth for each 6 inches
(150 mm) in height.
306.3.5 Width. Knee clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum.
307 PROTRUDING OBJECTS
307.1 General. Protruding objects shall comply with 307.
307.2 Protrusion Limits. Objects with leading edges more than 27 inches (685 mm) and not more than 80 inches
(2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall protrude 4 inches (100 mm) maximum horizontally into the
circulation path.
EXCEPTION: Handrails shall be permitted to protrude 41/2 inches (115 mm) maximum.
Advisory 307.2 Protrusion Limits. When a cane is used and the element is in the detectable
range, it gives a person sufficient time to detect the element with the cane before there is body
contact. Elements located on circulation paths, including operable elements, must comply with
requirements for protruding objects. For example, awnings and their supporting structures cannot
reduce the minimum required vertical clearance. Similarly, casement windows, when open, cannot
encroach more than 4 inches (100 mm) into circulation paths above 27 inches (685 mm).
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FIGURE 307.2
LIMITS OF PROTRUDING OBJECTS
307.3 Post-Mounted Objects. Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons shall overhang circulation paths
12 inches (305 mm) maximum when located 27 inches (685 mm) minimum and 80 inches (2030 mm) maximum
above the finish floor or ground. Where a sign or other obstruction is mounted between posts or pylons and the clear
distance between the posts or pylons is greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of such sign or obstruction
shall be 27 inches (685 mm) maximum or 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTION: The sloping portions of handrails serving stairs and ramps shall not be required to comply with
307.3.
FIGURE 307.3
POST-MOUNTED PROTRUDING OBJECTS
307.4 Vertical Clearance. Vertical clearance shall be 80 inches (2030 mm) high minimum. Guardrails or other
barriers shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2030 mm) high. The leading edge of
such guardrail or barrier shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTION: Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the
finish floor or ground.
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TECHNICAL
FIGURE 307.4
VERTICAL CLEARANCE
307.5 Required Clear Width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width required for accessible routes.
308 REACH RANGES
308.1 General. Reach ranges shall comply with 308.
Advisory 308.1 General. The following table provides guidance on reach ranges for children
according to age where building elements such as coat hooks, lockers, or operable parts are
designed for use primarily by children. These dimensions apply to either forward or side
reaches. Accessible elements and operable parts designed for adult use or children over age
12 can be located outside these ranges but must be within the adult reach ranges required by
308.
Children’s Reach Ranges
Forward or Side
Reach
Ages 3 and 4
Ages 5 through 8
Ages 9 through 12
High (maximum)
Low (minimum)
36 in (915 mm)
20 in (510 mm)
40 in (1015 mm)
18 in (455 mm)
44 in (1120 mm)
16 in (405 mm)
308.2 Forward Reach.
308.2.1 Unobstructed. Where a forward reach is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220
mm) maximum and the low forward reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.
FIGURE 308.2.1
UNOBSTRUCTED FORWARD REACH
308.2.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a high forward reach is over an obstruction, the clear floor space shall
extend beneath the element for a distance not less than the required reach depth over the obstruction. The high
forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum where the reach depth is 20 inches (510 mm) maximum.
Where the reach depth exceeds 20 inches (510 mm), the high forward reach shall be 44 inches (1120 mm)
maximum and the reach depth shall be 25 inches (635 mm) maximum.
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FIGURE 308.2.2
OBSTRUCTED HIGH FORWARD REACH
308.3 Side Reach.
308.3.1 Unobstructed. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel approach to an element and the side
reach is unobstructed, the high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low side reach shall be
15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. An obstruction shall be permitted between the clear floor or ground space and the element where the
depth of the obstruction is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum.
2. Operable parts of fuel dispensers shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum measured from
the surface of the vehicular way where fuel dispensers are installed on existing curbs.
FIGURE 308.3.1
UNOBSTRUCTED SIDE REACH
308.3.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel approach to an element
and the high side reach is over an obstruction, the height of the obstruction shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum
and the depth of the obstruction shall be 24 inches (610 mm) maximum. The high side reach shall be 48 inches
(1220 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 10 inches (255 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 10
inches (255 mm), the high side reach shall be 46 inches (1170 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 24 inches (610
mm) maximum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. The top of washing machines and clothes dryers shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) maximum
above the finish floor.
2. Operable parts of fuel dispensers shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum measured from
the surface of the vehicular way where fuel dispensers are installed on existing curbs.
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FIGURE 308.3.2
OBSTRUCTED HIGH SIDE REACH
309 OPERABLE PARTS
309.1 General. Operable parts shall comply with 309.
309.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided.
309.3 Height. Operable parts shall be placed within one or more of the reach ranges specified in 308.
309.4 Operation. Operable parts shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or
twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate operable parts shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
EXCEPTION: Gas pump nozzles shall not be required to provide operable parts that have an activating force of 5
pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
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401 GENERAL
401.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 4 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
402 ACCESSIBLE ROUTES
402.1 General. Accessible routes shall comply with 402.
402.2 Components. Accessible routes shall consist of one or more of the following components: walking surfaces
with a running slope not steeper than 1:20, doorways, ramps, curb ramps excluding the flared sides, elevators, and
platform lifts. All components of an accessible route shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 4 and
208.3.1.
Advisory 402.2 Components. Walking surfaces must have running slopes not steeper than 1:20,
see 403.3. Other components of accessible routes, such as ramps (405) and curb ramps (406),
are permitted to be more steeply sloped.
Florida requirements of s.553.5041, F.S., incorporated in section 208.3.1 for accessible routes to
parking that modify requirements of Chapter 4 must be complied with. Pursuant to s.553.512, F.S.,
Florida requirements, except s.553.5041(5)(a) width of accessible route to parking and
s.553.041(c)1 parking space and access aisle width, may be waived down to the requirements of
the ADA Standards for Accessible Design.
403 WALKING SURFACES
403.1 General. Walking surfaces that are a part of an accessible route shall comply with 403.
403.2 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground surfaces shall comply with 302.
403.3 Slope. The running slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:20. The cross slope of walking
surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:48.
403.4 Changes in Level. Changes in level shall comply with 303.
403.5 Clearances. Walking surfaces shall provide clearances complying with 403.5.
EXCEPTION: Within employee work areas, clearances on common use circulation paths shall be permitted to be
decreased by work area equipment provided that the decrease is essential to the function of the work being
performed.
403.5.1 Clear Width. Except as provided in 403.5.2 and 403.5.3, the clear width of walking surfaces shall be 36
inches (915 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: The clear width shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a length of
24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48
inches (1220 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.
FIGURE 403.5.1
CLEAR WIDTH OF AN ACCESSIBLE ROUTE
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403.5.2 Clear Width at Turn. Where the accessible route makes a 180 degree turn around an element which is
less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide, clear width shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 48
inches (1220 mm) minimum at the turn and 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum leaving the turn.
EXCEPTION: Where the clear width at the turn is 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum compliance with 403.5.2 shall
not be required.
FIGURE 403.5.2
CLEAR WIDTH AT TURN
403.5.3 Passing Spaces. An accessible route with a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide
passing spaces at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum. Passing spaces shall be either: a space 60 inches (1525
mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum; or, an intersection of two walking surfaces providing a T-shaped
space complying with 304.3.2 where the base and arms of the T-shaped space extend 48 inches (1220 mm)
minimum beyond the intersection.
403.6 Handrails. Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with running slopes not steeper than 1:20
they shall comply with 505.
Advisory 403.6 Handrails. Handrails provided in elevator cabs and platform lifts are not required
to comply with the requirements for handrails on walking surfaces.
404 DOORS, DOORWAYS, AND GATES
404.1 General. Doors, doorways, and gates that are part of an accessible route shall comply with 404.
EXCEPTION: Doors, doorways, and gates designed to be operated only by security personnel shall not be
required to comply with 404.2.7, 404.2.8, 404.2.9, 404.3.2 and 404.3.4 through 404.3.7.
Advisory 404.1 General Exception. Security personnel must have sole control of doors that are
eligible for the Exception at 404.1. It would not be acceptable for security personnel to operate the
doors for people with disabilities while allowing others to have independent access.
404.2 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates. Manual doors and doorways and manual gates intended for
user passage shall comply with 404.2.
404.2.1 Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles. Revolving doors, revolving gates, and turnstiles shall not be
part of an accessible route.
404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors and Gates. At least one of the active leaves of doorways with two leaves shall
comply with 404.2.3 and 404.2.4.
404.2.3 Clear Width. Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum. Clear openings
of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open
90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) deep shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches (915 mm)
minimum. There shall be no projections into the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches (865 mm)
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above the finish floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (865 mm) and 80
inches (2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (100 mm).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In alterations, a projection of 5/8 inch (16 mm) maximum into the required clear width shall be permitted for
the latch side stop.
2. Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the finish floor
or ground.
FIGURE 404.2.3
CLEAR WIDTH OF DOORWAYS
404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances. Minimum maneuvering clearances at doors and gates shall comply with
404.2.4. Maneuvering clearances shall extend the full width of the doorway and the required latch side or hinge
side clearance.
EXCEPTION: Entry doors to hospital patient rooms shall not be required to provide the clearance beyond the
latch side of the door.
404.2.4.1 Swinging Doors and Gates. Swinging doors and gates shall have maneuvering clearances
complying with Table 404.2.4.1.
TABLE 404.2.4.1
MANEUVERING CLEARANCE AT MANUAL SWINGING DOORS AND GATES
Type of Use
Approach Direction
Door or Gate Side
From front
From front
From hinge side
From hinge side
From hinge side
From latch side
From latch side
Pull
Push
Pull
Pull
Push
Pull
Push
Minimum Maneuvering Clearance
Parallel to Doorway
Perpendicular to Doorway
(beyond latch side unless noted)
60 inches (1525 mm)
48 inches (1220 mm)
60 inches (1525 mm)
54 inches (1370 mm)
42 inches (1065 mm)2
48 inches (1220 mm)4
42 inches (1065 mm)4
18 inches (455 mm)
0 inches (0 mm)1
36 inches (915 mm)
42 inches (1065 mm)
22 inches (560 mm)3
24 inches (610 mm)
24 inches (610 mm)
1. Add 12 inches (305 mm) if closer and latch are provided.
2. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided.
3. Beyond hinge side.
4. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer is provided.
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FIGURE 404.2.4.1
MANEUVERING CLEARANCES AT MANUAL SWINGING DOORS AND GATES
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FIGURE 404.2.4.1—CONTINUED
MANEUVERING CLEARANCES AT MANUAL SWINGING DOORS AND GATES
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404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors or Gates, Sliding Doors, and Folding Doors. Doorways less than 36
inches (915 mm) wide without doors or gates, sliding doors, or folding doors shall have maneuvering
clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.2.
TABLE 404.2.4.2
MANEUVERING CLEARANCES AT DOORWAYS WITHOUT DOORS OR GATES,
MANUAL SLIDING DOORS, AND MANUAL FOLDING DOORS
Minimum Maneuvering Clearance
Parallel to Doorway
Approach Direction
Perpendicular to Doorway
(beyond stop/latch side unless noted)
From Front
From side1
From pocket/hinge side
From stop/latch side
48 inches (1220 mm)
42 inches (1065 mm)
42 inches (1065 mm)
42 inches (1065 mm)
0 inches (0 mm)
0 inches (0 mm)
22 inches (560 mm)2
24 inches (610 mm)
1. Doorway with no door only.
2. Beyond pocket/hinge side.
FIGURE 404.2.4.2
MANEUVERING CLEARANCES AT DOORWAYS WITHOUT DOORS, SLIDING DOORS, GATES, AND FOLDING DOORS
404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates. Maneuvering clearances for forward approach shall be provided when
any obstruction within 18 inches (455 mm) of the latch side of a doorway projects more than 8 inches (205 mm)
beyond the face of the door, measured perpendicular to the face of the door or gate.
Advisory 404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates. A door can be recessed due to wall thickness
or because of the placement of casework and other fixed elements adjacent to the doorway. This
provision must be applied wherever doors are recessed.
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FIGURE 404.2.4.3
MANEUVERING CLEARANCES AT RECESSED DOORS AND GATES
404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground surface within required maneuvering clearances shall
comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
2. Changes in level at thresholds complying with 404.2.5 shall be permitted.
404.2.5 Thresholds. Thresholds, if provided at doorways, shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum. Raised
thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with 302 and 303.
EXCEPTION: Existing or altered thresholds 3/4 inch (19 mm) high maximum that have a beveled edge on each
side with a slope not steeper than 1:2 shall not be required to comply with 404.2.5.
404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series. The distance between two hinged or pivoted doors in series and
gates in series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of doors or gates swinging into the space.
FIGURE 404.2.6
DOORS IN SERIES AND GATES IN SERIES
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404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware. Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operable parts on doors and gates
shall comply with 309.4. Operable parts of such hardware shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 48 inches
(1220 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground. Where sliding doors are in the fully open position, operating
hardware shall be exposed and usable from both sides.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Existing locks shall be permitted in any location at existing glazed doors without stiles, existing overhead
rolling doors or grilles, and similar existing doors or grilles that are designed with locks that are activated
only at the top or bottom rail.
2. Access gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas, and hot tubs shall be permitted to have
operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above
the finish floor or ground provided the self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices and operated
by means of a key, electronic opener, or integral combination lock.
Advisory 404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware. Door hardware that can be operated with a closed
fist or a loose grip accommodates the greatest range of users. Hardware that requires
simultaneous hand and finger movements require greater dexterity and coordination, and is not
recommended.
404.2.8 Closing Speed. Door and gate closing speed shall comply with 404.2.8.
404.2.8.1 Door Closers and Gate Closers. Door closers and gate closers shall be adjusted so that from an
open position of 90 degrees, the time required to move the door to a position of 12 degrees from the latch is 5
seconds minimum.
404.2.8.2 Spring Hinges. Door and gate spring hinges shall be adjusted so that from the open position of 70
degrees, the door or gate shall move to the closed position in 1.5 seconds minimum.
404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force. Fire doors shall have a minimum opening force allowable by the
appropriate administrative authority. The force for pushing or pulling open a door or gate other than fire doors shall
be as follows:
1. Interior hinged doors and gates: 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
2. Sliding or folding doors: 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.
3. Exterior hinged doors shall be designed so that such doors can be pushed or pulled open with a force not
exceeding 8.5 pounds (37.8 N).
These forces do not apply to the force required to retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that hold the door
or gate in a closed position.
Advisory 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force. The maximum force pertains to the continuous
application of force necessary to fully open a door, not the initial force needed to overcome the
inertia of the door. It does not apply to the force required to retract bolts or to disengage other
devices used to keep the door in a closed position.
Florida law, s.553.504(6), F.S., establishes requirements for exterior door opening force.
404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces. Swinging door and gate surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor
or ground measured vertically shall have a smooth surface on the push side extending the full width of the door or
gate. Parts creating horizontal or vertical joints in these surfaces shall be within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of the same
plane as the other. Cavities created by added kick plates shall be capped.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Sliding doors shall not be required to comply with 404.2.10.
2. Tempered glass doors without stiles and having a bottom rail or shoe with the top leading edge tapered at
60 degrees minimum from the horizontal shall not be required to meet the 10 inch (255 mm) bottom
smooth surface height requirement.
3. Doors and gates that do not extend to within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor or ground shall not be
required to comply with 404.2.10.
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4. Existing doors and gates without smooth surfaces within 10 inches (255 mm) of the finish floor or ground
shall not be required to provide smooth surfaces complying with 404.2.10 provided that if added kick
plates are installed, cavities created by such kick plates are capped.
404.2.11 Vision Lights. Doors, gates, and side lights adjacent to doors or gates, containing one or more glazing
panels that permit viewing through the panels shall have the bottom of at least one glazed panel located 43 inches
(1090 mm) maximum above the finish floor.
EXCEPTION: Vision lights with the lowest part more than 66 inches (1675 mm) from the finish floor or ground
shall not be required to comply with 404.2.11.
404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates. Automatic doors and automatic gates shall comply with
404.3. Full-powered automatic doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.10 (incorporated by reference, see
“Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). Low-energy and power-assisted doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA
A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).
404.3.1 Clear Width. Doorways shall provide a clear opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum in power-on and
power-off mode. The minimum clear width for automatic door systems in a doorway shall be based on the clear
opening provided by all leaves in the open position.
404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance. Clearances at power-assisted doors and gates shall comply with 404.2.4.
Clearances at automatic doors and gates without standby power and serving an accessible means of egress
shall comply with 404.2.4.
EXCEPTION: Where automatic doors and gates remain open in the power-off condition, compliance with
404.2.4 shall not be required.
404.3.3 Thresholds. Thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with 404.2.5.
404.3.4 Doors in Series and Gates in Series. Doors in series and gates in series shall comply with 404.2.6.
404.3.5 Controls. Manually operated controls shall comply with 309. The clear floor space adjacent to the control
shall be located beyond the arc of the door swing.
404.3.6 Break Out Opening. Where doors and gates without standby power are a part of a means of egress, the
clear break out opening at swinging or sliding doors and gates shall be 32 inches (815 mm) minimum when
operated in emergency mode.
EXCEPTION: Where manual swinging doors and gates comply with 404.2 and serve the same means of
egress compliance with 404.3.6 shall not be required.
404.3.7 Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles. Revolving doors, revolving gates, and turnstiles
shall not be part of an accessible route.
405 RAMPS
405.1 General. Ramps on accessible routes shall comply with 405.
EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, aisle ramps adjacent to seating and not serving elements required to be on an
accessible route shall not be required to comply with 405.
405.2 Slope. Ramp runs shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:12.
EXCEPTION: In existing sites, buildings, and facilities, ramps shall be permitted to have running slopes steeper
than 1:12 complying with Table 405.2 where such slopes are necessary due to space limitations.
TABLE 405.2
MAXIMUM RAMP SLOPE AND RISE FOR EXISTING SITES, BUILDINGS, AND FACILITIES
Slope1
Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8
Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10
Maximum Rise
3 inches (75 mm)
6 inches (150 mm)
1. A slope steeper than 1:8 is prohibited.
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Advisory 405.2 Slope. To accommodate the widest range of users, provide ramps with the least
possible running slope and, wherever possible, accompany ramps with stairs for use by those
individuals for whom distance presents a greater barrier than steps, e.g., people with heart disease
or limited stamina.
405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope of ramp runs shall not be steeper than 1:48.
Advisory 405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope is the slope of the surface perpendicular to the
direction of travel. Cross slope is measured the same way as slope is measured (i.e., the rise over
the run).
405.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of ramp runs shall comply with 302. Changes in level
other than the running slope and cross slope are not permitted on ramp runs.
405.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a ramp run and, where handrails are provided, the clear width between
handrails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: Within employee work areas, the required clear width of ramps that are a part of common use
circulation paths shall be permitted to be decreased by work area equipment provided that the decrease is
essential to the function of the work being performed.
405.6 Rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches (760 mm) maximum.
405.7 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each ramp run. Landings shall comply with
405.7.
Advisory 405.7 Landings. Ramps that do not have level landings at changes in direction can
create a compound slope that will not meet the requirements of this code. Circular or curved ramps
continually change direction. Curvilinear ramps with small radii also can create compound cross
slopes and cannot, by their nature, meet the requirements for accessible routes. A level landing is
needed at the accessible door to permit maneuvering and simultaneously door operation.
FIGURE 405.7
RAMP LANDINGS
405.7.1 Slope. Landings shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
405.7.2 Width. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing.
405.7.3 Length. The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
405.7.4 Change in Direction. Ramps that change direction between runs at landings shall have a clear landing
60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
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405.7.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required
by 404.2.4 and 404.3.2 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing area.
405.8 Handrails. Ramp runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails complying with 505.
EXCEPTION: Within employee work areas, handrails shall not be required where ramps that are part of common
use circulation paths are designed to permit the installation of handrails complying with 505. Ramps not subject to
the exception to 405.5 shall be designed to maintain a 36 inch (915 mm) minimum clear width when handrails are
installed.
405.9 Edge Protection. Edge protection complying with 405.9.1 or 405.9.2 shall be provided on each side of ramp
runs and at each side of ramp landings.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Edge protection shall not be required on ramps that are not required to have handrails and have sides
complying with 406.3.
2. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings serving an adjoining ramp run or
stairway.
3. Edge protection shall not be required on the sides of ramp landings having a vertical drop-off of 1/2 inch (13
mm) maximum within 10 inches (255 mm) horizontally of the minimum landing area specified in 405.7.
405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend
12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with 505.
Advisory 405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface. The extended surface prevents
wheelchair casters and crutch tips from slipping off the ramp surface.
FIGURE 405.9.1
EXTENDED FLOOR OR GROUND SURFACE EDGE PROTECTION
405.9.2 Curb or Barrier. A curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch (100 mm)
diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the finish floor or ground surface.
FIGURE 405.9.2
CURB OR BARRIER EDGE PROTECTION
405.10 Wet Conditions. Landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent the accumulation of water.
406 CURB RAMPS
406.1 General. Curb ramps on accessible routes shall comply with 406, 405.2 through 405.5, and 405.10.
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406.2 Counter Slope. Counter slopes of adjoining gutters and road surfaces immediately adjacent to the curb ramp
shall not be steeper than 1:20. The adjacent surfaces at transitions at curb ramps to walks, gutters, and streets shall
be at the same level.
FIGURE 406.2
COUNTER SLOPE OF SURFACES ADJACENT TO CURB RAMP
406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps. Where provided, curb ramp flares shall not be steeper than 1:10.
FIGURE 406.3
SIDES OF CURB RAMPS
406.4 Landings. Landings shall be provided at the tops of curb ramps. The landing clear length shall be 36 inches
(915 mm) minimum. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the curb ramp, excluding flared sides,
leading to the landing.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, where there is no landing at the top of curb ramps, curb ramp flares shall be provided
and shall not be steeper than 1:12.
FIGURE 406.4
LANDINGS AT THE TOP OF CURB RAMPS
406.5 Location. Curb ramps and the flared sides of curb ramps shall be located so that they do not project into
vehicular traffic lanes, parking spaces, or parking access aisles. Curb ramps at marked crossings shall be wholly
contained within the markings, excluding any flared sides.
406.6 Diagonal Curb Ramps. Diagonal or corner type curb ramps with returned curbs or other well-defined edges
shall have the edges parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow. The bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have a clear
space 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum outside active traffic lanes of the roadway. Diagonal curb ramps provided at
marked crossings shall provide the 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum clear space within the markings. Diagonal curb
ramps with flared sides shall have a segment of curb 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum located on each side of the
curb ramp and within the marked crossing.
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FIGURE 406.6
DIAGONAL OR CORNER TYPE CURB RAMPS
406.7 Islands. Raised islands in crossings shall be cut through level with the street or have curb ramps at both
sides. Each curb ramp shall have a level area 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum by 36 inches (915 mm) wide
minimum at the top of the curb ramp in the part of the island intersected by the crossings. Each 48 inch (1220 mm)
minimum by 36 inch (915 mm) minimum area shall be oriented so that the 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum length is in
the direction of the running slope of the curb ramp it serves. The 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum by 36 inch (915 mm)
minimum areas and the accessible route shall be permitted to overlap.
FIGURE 406.7
ISLANDS IN CROSSINGS
406.8 Detectable Warnings. Curb ramps subject to Department of Transportation regulation 49 CFR 37.21 shall
have a detectable warning complying with 705. The detectable warning shall extend the full width of the curb ramp
(exclusive of flared sides) and shall extend either the full depth of the curb ramp or 24 inches (610 mm) deep
minimum measured from the back of the curb on the ramp surface.
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FIGURE 406.8
DETECTABLE WARNINGS AT CURB RAMPS SUBJECT TO DOT REGULATION 49 CFR 37.21
407 ELEVATORS
407.1 General. Elevators shall comply with 407 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced
Standards” in Chapter 1). They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME A17.1. Elevator operation shall
be automatic.
Advisory 407.1 General. The ADA and other Federal civil rights laws require that accessible
features be maintained in working order so that they are accessible to and usable by those people
they are intended to benefit. Building owners should note that the ASME Safety Code for Elevators
and Escalators requires routine maintenance and inspections. Isolated or temporary interruptions
in service due to maintenance or repairs may be unavoidable; however, failure to take prompt
action to effect repairs could constitute a violation of Federal laws and these requirements.
407.2 Elevator Landing Requirements. Elevator landings shall comply with 407.2.
407.2.1 Call Controls. Where elevator call buttons or keypads are provided, they shall comply with 407.2.1 and
309.4. Call buttons shall be raised or flush.
EXCEPTION: Existing elevators shall be permitted to have recessed call buttons.
407.2.1.1 Height. Call buttons and keypads shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308,
measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.
EXCEPTION: Existing call buttons and existing keypads shall be permitted to be located at 54 inches
(1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor, measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.
407.2.1.2 Size. Call buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in the smallest dimension.
EXCEPTION: Existing elevator call buttons shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.2.
407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be
provided at call controls.
Advisory 407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space. The clear floor or ground space required at
elevator call buttons must remain free of obstructions including ashtrays, plants, and other
decorative elements that prevent wheelchair users and others from reaching the call buttons. The
height of the clear floor or ground space is considered to be a volume from the floor to 80 inches
(2030 mm) above the floor. Recessed ashtrays should not be placed near elevator call buttons so
that persons who are blind or visually impaired do not inadvertently contact them or their contents
as they reach for the call buttons.
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407.2.1.4 Location. The call button that designates the up direction shall be located above the call button
that designates the down direction.
EXCEPTION: Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.4.
Advisory 407.2.1.4 Location Exception. A destination-oriented elevator system provides lobby
controls enabling passengers to select floor stops, lobby indicators designating which elevator to
use, and a car indicator designating the floors at which the car will stop. Responding cars are
programmed for maximum efficiency by reducing the number of stops any passenger experiences.
407.2.1.5 Signals. Call buttons shall have visible signals to indicate when each call is registered and when
each call is answered.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.5 provided that visible
and audible signals complying with 407.2.2 indicating which elevator car to enter are provided.
2. Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.1.5.
407.2.1.6 Keypads. Where keypads are provided, keypads shall be in a standard telephone keypad
arrangement and shall comply with 407.4.7.2.
407.2.2 Hall Signals. Hall signals, including in-car signals, shall comply with 407.2.2.
407.2.2.1 Visible and Audible Signals. A visible and audible signal shall be provided at each hoistway
entrance to indicate which car is answering a call and the car’s direction of travel. Where in-car signals are
provided, they shall be visible from the floor area adjacent to the hall call buttons.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Visible and audible signals shall not be required at each destination-oriented elevator where a
visible and audible signal complying with 407.2.2 is provided indicating the elevator car designation
information.
2. In existing elevators, a signal indicating the direction of car travel shall not be required.
407.2.2.2 Visible Signals. Visible signal fixtures shall be centered at 72 inches (1830 mm) minimum above
the finish floor or ground. The visible signal elements shall be 21/2 inches (64 mm) minimum measured along
the vertical centerline of the element. Signals shall be visible from the floor area adjacent to the hall call
button.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Destination-oriented elevators shall be permitted to have signals visible from the floor area adjacent
to the hoistway entrance.
2. Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.2.2.
FIGURE 407.2.2.2
VISIBLE HALL SIGNALS
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407.2.2.3 Audible Signals. Audible signals shall sound once for the up direction and twice for the down
direction, or shall have verbal annunciators that indicate the direction of elevator car travel. Audible signals
shall have a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum. Verbal annunciators shall have a frequency of 300 Hz
minimum and 3000 Hz maximum. The audible signal and verbal annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above
ambient, but shall not exceed 80 dB, measured at the hall call button.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.2.2.3 provided that the
audible tone and verbal announcement is the same as those given at the call button or call button
keypad.
2. Existing elevators shall not be required to comply with the requirements for frequency and dB range
of audible signals.
407.2.2.4 Differentiation. Each destination-oriented elevator in a bank of elevators shall have audible and
visible means for differentiation.
407.2.3 Hoistway Signs. Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with 407.2.3.
407.2.3.1 Floor Designation. Floor designations complying with 703.2 and 703.4.1 shall be provided on
both jambs of elevator hoistway entrances. Floor designations shall be provided in both tactile characters
and braille. Tactile characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum. A tactile star shall be provided on
both jambs at the main entry level.
FIGURE 407.2.3.1
FLOOR DESIGNATIONS ON JAMBS OF ELEVATOR HOISTWAY ENTRANCES
407.2.3.2 Car Designations. Destination-oriented elevators shall provide tactile car identification complying
with 703.2 on both jambs of the hoistway immediately below the floor designation. Car designations shall be
provided in both tactile characters and braille. Tactile characters shall be 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum.
FIGURE 407.2.3.2
CAR DESIGNATIONS ON JAMBS OF DESTINATION-ORIENTATED ELEVATOR HOISTWAY ENTRANCES
407.3 Elevator Door Requirements. Hoistway and car doors shall comply with 407.3.
407.3.1 Type. Elevator doors shall be the horizontal sliding type. Car gates shall be prohibited.
407.3.2 Operation. Elevator hoistway and car doors shall open and close automatically.
EXCEPTION: Existing manually operated hoistway swing doors shall be permitted provided that they comply
with 404.2.3 and 404.2.9. Car door closing shall not be initiated until the hoistway door is closed.
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407.3.3 Reopening Device. Elevator doors shall be provided with a reopening device complying with 407.3.3 that
shall stop and reopen a car door and hoistway door automatically if the door becomes obstructed by an object or
person.
EXCEPTION: Existing elevators with manually operated doors shall not be required to comply with 407.3.3.
407.3.3.1 Height. The device shall be activated by sensing an obstruction passing through the opening at 5
inches (125 mm) nominal and 29 inches (735 mm) nominal above the finish floor.
407.3.3.2 Contact. The device shall not require physical contact to be activated, although contact is
permitted to occur before the door reverses.
407.3.3.3 Duration. Door reopening devices shall remain effective for 20 seconds minimum.
407.3.4 Door and Signal Timing. The minimum acceptable time from notification that a car is answering a call
or notification of the car assigned at the means for the entry of destination information until the doors of that car
start to close shall be calculated from the following equation:
T = D/(1.5 ft/s) or T = D/(455 mm/s) = 5 seconds minimum where T equals the total time in seconds and D
equals the distance (in feet or millimeters) from the point in the lobby or corridor 60 inches (1525 mm) directly in
front of the farthest call button controlling that car to the centerline of its hoistway door.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. For cars with in-car lanterns, T shall be permitted to begin when the signal is visible from the point 60
inches (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest hall call button and the audible signal is sounded.
2. Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.3.4.
407.3.5 Door Delay. Elevator doors shall remain fully open in response to a car call for 3 seconds minimum.
407.3.6 Width. The width of elevator doors shall comply with Table 407.4.1.
EXCEPTION: In existing elevators, a power-operated car door complying with 404.2.3 shall be permitted.
407.4 Elevator Car Requirements. Elevator cars shall comply with 407.4.
407.4.1 Car Dimensions. Inside dimensions of elevator cars and clear width of elevator doors shall comply with
Table 407.4.1.
EXCEPTION: Existing elevator car configurations that provide a clear floor area of 16 square feet (1.5 m2)
minimum and also provide an inside clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum and a clear width 36 inches
(915 mm) minimum shall be permitted.
TABLE 407.4.1
ELEVATOR CAR DIMENSIONS
Minimum Dimensions
Door Location
Centered
Side
(off-centered)
Any
Any
Door Clear Width
Inside Car, Side to
Side
Inside Car, Back
Wall to Front
Return
Inside Car, Back
Wall to
Inside Face of Door
42 inches
(1065 mm)
36 inches
(915 mm)1
36 inches
(915 mm)1
36 inches
(915 mm)1
80 inches
(2030 mm)
68 inches
(1725 mm)
54 inches
(1370 mm)
60 inches
(1525 mm)2
51 inches
(1295 mm)
51 inches
(1295 mm)
80 inches
(2030 mm)
60 inches
(1525 mm)2
54 inches
(1370 mm)
54 inches
(1370 mm)
80 inches
(2030 mm)
60 inches
(1525 mm)2
1. A tolerance of minus 5/8 -inch (16 mm) is permitted.
2. Other car configurations that provide a turning space complying with 304 with the door closed shall be permitted.
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FIGURE 407.4.1
ELEVATOR CAR DIMENSIONS
(continued)
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FIGURE 407.4.1—CONTINUED
ELEVATOR CAR DIMENSIONS
407.4.2 Floor Surfaces. Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.
407.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance. The clearance between the car platform sill and the edge of any
hoistway landing shall be 11/4 inch (32 mm) maximum.
407.4.4 Leveling. Each car shall be equipped with a self-leveling feature that will automatically bring and maintain
the car at floor landings within a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) under rated loading to zero loading conditions.
407.4.5 Illumination. The level of illumination at the car controls, platform, car threshold and car landing sill shall
be 5 foot candles (54 lux) minimum.
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407.4.6 Elevator Car Controls. Where provided, elevator car controls shall comply with 407.4.6 and 309.4.
EXCEPTION: In existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying with 407.4.6 is provided,
existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 407.4.6.
407.4.6.1 Location. Controls shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where the elevator panel serves more than 16 openings and a parallel approach is provided, buttons
with floor designations shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor.
2. In existing elevators, car control buttons with floor designations shall be permitted to be located 54
inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor where a parallel approach is provided.
407.4.6.2 Buttons. Car control buttons with floor designations shall comply with 407.4.6.2 and shall be raised
or flush.
EXCEPTION: In existing elevators, buttons shall be permitted to be recessed.
407.4.6.2.1 Size. Buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in their smallest dimension.
407.4.6.2.2 Arrangement. Buttons shall be arranged with numbers in ascending order. When two or more
columns of buttons are provided they shall read from left to right.
407.4.6.3 Keypads. Car control keypads shall be in a standard telephone keypad arrangement and shall
comply with 407.4.7.2.
407.4.6.4 Emergency Controls. Emergency controls shall comply with 407.4.6.4.
407.4.6.4.1 Height. Emergency control buttons shall have their centerlines 35 inches (890 mm) minimum
above the finish floor.
407.4.6.4.2 Location. Emergency controls, including the emergency alarm, shall be grouped at the bottom
of the panel.
407.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls. Designations and indicators of car controls shall comply
with 407.4.7.
EXCEPTION: In existing elevators, where a new car operating panel complying with 407.4.7 is provided,
existing car operating panels shall not be required to comply with 407.4.7.
407.4.7.1 Buttons. Car control buttons shall comply with 407.4.7.1.
407.4.7.1.1 Type. Control buttons shall be identified by tactile characters complying with 703.2.
407.4.7.1.2 Location. Raised character and braille designations shall be placed immediately to the left of
the control button to which the designations apply.
EXCEPTION: Where space on an existing car operating panel precludes tactile markings to the left of
the controls, markings shall be placed as near to the control as possible.
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407.4.7.1.3 Symbols. The control button for the emergency stop, alarm, door open, door close, main
entry floor, and phone, shall be identified with tactile symbols as shown in Table 407.4.7.1.3.
TABLE 407.4.7.1.3
ELEVATOR CONTROL BUTTON IDENTIFICATION
407.4.7.1.4 Visible Indicators. Buttons with floor designations shall be provided with visible indicators to
show that a call has been registered. The visible indication shall extinguish when the car arrives at the
designated floor.
407.4.7.2 Keypads. Keypads shall be identified by characters complying with 703.5 and shall be centered on
the corresponding keypad button. The number five key shall have a single raised dot. The dot shall be 0.118
inch (3 mm) to 0.120 inch (3.05 mm) base diameter and in other aspects comply with Table 703.3.1.
407.4.8 Car Position Indicators. Audible and visible car position indicators shall be provided in elevator cars.
407.4.8.1 Visible Indicators. Visible indicators shall comply with 407.4.8.1.
407.4.8.1.1 Size. Characters shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) high minimum.
407.4.8.1.2 Location. Indicators shall be located above the car control panel or above the door.
407.4.8.1.3 Floor Arrival. As the car passes a floor and when a car stops at a floor served by the elevator,
the corresponding character shall illuminate.
EXCEPTION: Destination-oriented elevators shall not be required to comply with 407.4.8.1.3 provided
that the visible indicators extinguish when the call has been answered.
407.4.8.1.4 Destination Indicator. In destination-oriented elevators, a display shall be provided in the car
with visible indicators to show car destinations.
407.4.8.2 Audible Indicators. Audible indicators shall comply with 407.4.8.2.
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407.4.8.2.1 Signal Type. The signal shall be an automatic verbal annunciator which announces the floor at
which the car is about to stop.
EXCEPTION: For elevators other than destination-oriented elevators that have a rated speed of 200 feet
per minute (1 m/s) or less, a non-verbal audible signal with a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum which
sounds as the car passes or is about to stop at a floor served by the elevator shall be permitted.
407.4.8.2.2 Signal Level. The verbal annunciator shall be 10 dB minimum above ambient, but shall not
exceed 80 dB, measured at the annunciator.
407.4.8.2.3 Frequency. The verbal annunciator shall have a frequency of 300 Hz minimum to 3000 Hz
maximum.
407.4.9 Emergency Communication. Emergency two-way communication systems shall comply with 308.
Tactile symbols and characters shall be provided adjacent to the device and shall comply with 703.2.
408 LIMITED-USE/LIMITED-APPLICATION ELEVATORS
408.1 General. Limited-use/limited-application elevators shall comply with 408 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated
by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME
A17.1. Elevator operation shall be automatic.
408.2 Elevator Landings. Landings serving limited-use/limited-application elevators shall comply with 408.2.
408.2.1 Call Buttons. Elevator call buttons and keypads shall comply with 407.2.1.
408.2.2 Hall Signals. Hall signals shall comply with 407.2.2.
408.2.3 Hoistway Signs. Signs at elevator hoistways shall comply with 407.2.3.1.
408.3 Elevator Doors. Elevator hoistway doors shall comply with 408.3.
408.3.1 Sliding Doors. Sliding hoistway and car doors shall comply with 407.3.1 through 407.3.3 and 408.4.1.
408.3.2 Swinging Doors. Swinging hoistway doors shall open and close automatically and shall comply with 404,
407.3.2 and 408.3.2.
408.3.2.1 Power Operation. Swinging doors shall be power-operated and shall comply with ANSI/BHMA
A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).
408.3.2.2 Duration. Power-operated swinging doors shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum when
activated.
408.4 Elevator Cars. Elevator cars shall comply with 408.4.
408.4.1 Car Dimensions and Doors. Elevator cars shall provide a clear width 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum
and a clear depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum. Car doors shall be positioned at the narrow ends of cars and
shall provide 32 inches (815 mm) minimum clear width.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Cars that provide a clear width 51 inches (1295 mm) minimum shall be permitted to provide a clear depth
51 inches (1295 mm) minimum provided that car doors provide a clear opening 36 inches (915 mm) wide
minimum.
2. Existing elevator cars shall be permitted to provide a clear width 36 inches (915 mm) minimum, clear
depth 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum, and a net clear platform area 15 square feet (1.4 m2) minimum.
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FIGURE 408.4.1
LIMITED-USE/LIMITED-APPLICATION (LULA) ELEVATOR CAR DIMENSIONS
408.4.2 Floor Surfaces. Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.
408.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance. The platform to hoistway clearance shall comply with 407.4.3.
408.4.4 Leveling. Elevator car leveling shall comply with 407.4.4.
408.4.5 Illumination. Elevator car illumination shall comply with 407.4.5.
408.4.6 Car Controls. Elevator car controls shall comply with 407.4.6. Control panels shall be centered on a side
wall.
408.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls. Designations and indicators of car controls shall comply
with 407.4.7.
408.4.8 Emergency Communications. Car emergency signaling devices complying with 407.4.9 shall be
provided.
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409 PRIVATE RESIDENCE ELEVATORS
409.1 General. Private residence elevators that are provided within a residential dwelling unit required to provide
mobility features complying with 809.2 through 809.4 shall comply with 409 and with ASME A17.1 (incorporated by
reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). They shall be passenger elevators as classified by ASME
A17.1. Elevator operation shall be automatic.
409.2 Call Buttons. Call buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in the smallest dimension and shall comply with
309.
409.3 Elevator Doors. Hoistway doors, car doors, and car gates shall comply with 409.3 and 404.
EXCEPTION: Doors shall not be required to comply with the maneuvering clearance requirements in 404.2.4.1 for
approaches to the push side of swinging doors.
409.3.1 Power Operation. Elevator car and hoistway doors and gates shall be power operated and shall comply
with ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in
Chapter 1). Power operated doors and gates shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum when activated.
EXCEPTION: In elevator cars with more than one opening, hoistway doors and gates shall be permitted to be
of the manual-open, self-close type.
409.3.2 Location. Elevator car doors or gates shall be positioned at the narrow end of the clear floor spaces
required by 409.4.1.
409.4 Elevator Cars. Private residence elevator cars shall comply with 409.4.
409.4.1 Inside Dimensions of Elevator Cars. Elevator cars shall provide a clear floor space of 36 inches (915
mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum and shall comply with 305.
409.4.2 Floor Surfaces. Floor surfaces in elevator cars shall comply with 302 and 303.
409.4.3 Platform to Hoistway Clearance. The clearance between the car platform and the edge of any landing
sill shall be 11/2 inch (38 mm) maximum.
409.4.4 Leveling. Each car shall automatically stop at a floor landing within a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) under
rated loading to zero loading conditions.
409.4.5 Illumination Levels. Elevator car illumination shall comply with 407.4.5.
409.4.6 Car Controls. Elevator car control buttons shall comply with 409.4.6, 309.3, 309.4, and shall be raised or
flush.
409.4.6.1 Size. Control buttons shall be 3/4 inch (19 mm) minimum in their smallest dimension.
409.4.6.2 Location. Control panels shall be on a side wall, 12 inches (305 mm) minimum from any adjacent
wall.
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FIGURE 409.4.6.2
LOCATION OF PRIVATE RESIDENCE ELEVATOR CONTROL PANEL
409.4.7 Emergency Communications. Emergency two-way communication systems shall comply with 409.4.7.
409.4.7.1 Type. A telephone and emergency signal device shall be provided in the car.
409.4.7.2 Operable Parts. The telephone and emergency signaling device shall comply with 309.3 and 309.4.
409.4.7.3 Compartment. If the telephone or device is in a closed compartment, the compartment door
hardware shall comply with 309.
409.4.7.4 Cord. The telephone cord shall be 29 inches (735 mm) long minimum.
410 PLATFORM LIFTS
410.1 General. Platform lifts shall comply with ASME A18.1 (1999 edition or 2003 edition) (incorporated by
reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). Platform lifts shall not be attendant-operated and shall provide
unassisted entry and exit from the lift.
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Advisory 410.1 General. Inclined stairway chairlifts and inclined and vertical platform lifts are
available for short-distance vertical transportation. Because an accessible route requires an 80
inch (2030 mm) vertical clearance, care should be taken in selecting lifts as they may not be
equally suitable for use by people using wheelchairs and people standing. If a lift does not provide
80 inch (2030 mm) vertical clearance, it cannot be considered part of an accessible route in new
construction.
The ADA and other Federal civil rights laws require that accessible features be maintained in
working order so that they are accessible to and usable by those people they are intended to
benefit. Building owners are reminded that the ASME A18 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and
Stairway Chairlifts requires routine maintenance and inspections. Isolated or temporary
interruptions in service due to maintenance or repairs may be unavoidable; however, failure to take
prompt action to effect repairs could constitute a violation of Federal laws and these requirements.
410.2 Floor Surfaces. Floor surfaces in platform lifts shall comply with 302 and 303.
410.3 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space in platform lifts shall comply with 305.
410.4 Platform to Runway Clearance. The clearance between the platform sill and the edge of any runway landing
shall be 1 inch (32 mm) maximum.
410.5 Operable Parts. Controls for platform lifts shall comply with 309.
410.6 Doors and Gates. Platform lifts shall have low-energy power-operated doors or gates complying with 404.3.
Doors shall remain open for 20 seconds minimum. End doors and gates shall provide a clear width 32 inches (815
mm) minimum. Side doors and gates shall provide a clear width 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: Platform lifts serving two landings maximum and having doors or gates on opposite sides shall be
permitted to have self-closing manual doors or gates.
FIGURE 410.6
PLATFORM LIFT DOORS AND GATES
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501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 5 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
502 PARKING SPACES
502.1 General. Car and van parking spaces shall comply with 502. Where parking spaces are marked with lines,
width measurements of parking spaces and access aisles shall be made from the centerline of the markings.
EXCEPTION: Where parking spaces or access aisles are not adjacent to another parking space or access aisle,
measurements shall be permitted to include the full width of the line defining the parking space or access aisle.
502.2 Vehicle Spaces. Each parking space must be at least 12 feet (3658 mm) wide, shall be marked to define the
width, and shall have an adjacent access aisle complying with 502.3. See section 406.5 curb ramp location.
EXCEPTION: For on-street parallel parking spaces and theme parks or an entertainment complex in which are
provided continuous attendant services or designated lots for parking by persons who have disabilities: car
parking spaces shall be permitted to be 96 inches (2440 mm) wide minimum; van parking spaces shall be
permitted to be 96 inches (2440 mm) wide minimum where the access aisle is 96 inches (2440) wide minimum
and shall be designated “van accessible”; alternatively, van parking spaces shall be permitted to be 132 inches
(3350 mm) wide minimum where the access aisle is 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and shall be designated
“van accessible.”
Advisory 502.2 Vehicle Spaces. Pursuant to s.553.512, F.S., Florida requirements, except
s.553.041(c)1 parking space and access aisle width, may be waived down to the requirements of
the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. No waivers are required for on-street parallel parking
spaces and theme parks or an entertainment complex in which are provided continuous attendant
services or designated lots for parking by persons who have disabilities pursuant to
ss.553.041(5)(c)3. and (d), F.S., and the Exception to 502.2.
FIGURE 502.2
VEHICLE PARKING SPACES
502.2.1 On-street parallel parking. Spaces must comply with sections 208 and 502 of the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design. Curbs adjacent to such spaces must be of a height that does not interfere with the opening
and closing of motor vehicle doors.
502.3 Access Aisle. Access aisles serving parking spaces shall comply with 502.3. Access aisles shall adjoin an
accessible route. Two parking spaces shall be permitted to share a common access aisle.
Parking access aisles must be part of an accessible route to the building or facility entrance. Access aisles must be
placed adjacent to accessible parking spaces. All spaces must be located on an accessible route that is at least 44
inches (1118 mm) wide so that users are not compelled to walk or wheel behind parked vehicles except behind his or
her own vehicle.
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EXCEPTION: Access aisles are not required for on-street parallel parking.
Advisory 502.3 Access Aisle. Accessible routes must connect parking spaces to accessible
entrances. In parking facilities where the accessible route must cross vehicular traffic lanes,
marked crossings enhance pedestrian safety, particularly for people using wheelchairs and other
mobility aids.
Florida law, s.553.5041(5)(a), F.S., requires placement of accessible routes such that persons with
disabilities are not compelled to walk or wheel behind parked vehicles other than their own vehicle.
Florida law, s.553.5041(5)(d), F.S., allows on-street accessible parking to not have an access
aisle.
FIGURE 502.3
PARKING SPACE ACCESS AISLE
502.3.1 Width. Access aisles serving car and van parking spaces shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide
minimum.
502.3.2 Length. Access aisles shall extend the full length of the parking spaces they serve.
502.3.3 Marking. Access aisles shall be marked so as to discourage parking in them.
The access aisle must be striped diagonally to designate it as a no-parking zone.
Advisory 502.3.3 Marking. The method and color of marking are not specified by these
requirements but may be addressed by State or local laws or regulations. Because these
requirements permit the van access aisle to be as wide as a parking space, it is important that the
aisle be clearly marked.
Florida law, s.553.5041(5)(c)1., requires diagonal striping of access aisles.
502.3.4 Location. Access aisles shall not overlap the vehicular way. Access aisles shall be permitted to be
placed on either side of the parking space except for angled van parking spaces which shall have access aisles
located on the passenger side of the parking spaces.
Advisory 502.3.4 Location. Wheelchair lifts typically are installed on the passenger side of vans.
Many drivers, especially those who operate vans, find it more difficult to back into parking spaces
than to back out into comparatively unrestricted vehicular lanes. For this reason, where a van and
car share an access aisle, consider locating the van space so that the access aisle is on the
passenger side of the van space.
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502.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Parking spaces and access aisles serving them shall comply with 302. Access
aisles shall be at the same level as the parking spaces they serve. Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
Advisory 502.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Access aisles are required to be nearly level in all
directions to provide a surface for wheelchair transfer to and from vehicles. The exception allows
sufficient slope for drainage. Built-up curb ramps are not permitted to project into access aisles
and parking spaces because they would create slopes greater than 1:48.
502.5 Vertical Clearance. Parking spaces for vans and access aisles and vehicular routes serving them shall
provide a vertical clearance of 98 inches (2490 mm) minimum.
Every nonresidential structure built on or after January 1, 1991, which is designed to use covered or underground
parking as the primary available parking space shall design the covered or underground parking facility to maintain a
minimum height for the portion of the street-accessible level of the parking facility directly over van-accessible
parking spaces and for providing ingress and egress to such parking spaces of at least 8 feet 2 inches (2489 mm).
Signs shall be posted to warn operators of handicap-equipped vans that they cannot pass beyond a certain point due
to height limitations. If compliance with this minimum height clearance requirement will cause the structure to exceed
local height limitations imposed by local zoning, planning, or fire ordinances, or will result in the imposition of any
additional requirements of such ordinances, the structure may exceed the height limitation specified in those
particular codes as necessary to comply with the requirements of this section and is exempt from such additional
requirements. Structures for which the plans were sealed by an architect prior to January 1, 1991, are exempt from
this section.
Advisory 502.5 Vertical Clearance. Signs provided at entrances to parking facilities informing
drivers of clearances and the location of van accessible parking spaces can provide useful
customer assistance.
Florida law, s.553.511, F.S., requires signs be posted that will warn handicapped-equipped van
operators of height limitations so they will not pass beyond a point where the van cannot be
maneuvered.
Florida law also preempts local government height restriction ordinances that would prohibit
compliance with the minimum height requirements of this section. Also, any local or state law or
regulation that prohibits a covered entity from complying with requirements of the ADA may render
such jurisdiction in violation of the ADA.
502.6 Identification. Parking space identification signs shall include the International Symbol of Accessibility
complying with 703.7.2.1. Signs identifying van parking spaces when required by 502.2 shall contain the designation
“van accessible.”
502.6.1 Each such parking space must be striped in a manner that is consistent with the standards of the
controlling jurisdiction for other spaces and prominently outlined with blue paint, and must be repainted when
necessary, to be clearly distinguishable as a parking space designated for persons who have disabilities. The
space must be posted with a permanent above-grade sign of a color and design approved by the Department of
Transportation, which is placed on or at least 60 inches (1525 mm) above the finished floor or ground surface
measured to the bottom of the sign and which bears the international symbol of accessibility and the caption
“PARKING BY DISABLED PERMIT ONLY.” Such a sign, erected after October 1, 1996, must indicate the penalty
for illegal use of the space. Any provision of this section to the contrary notwithstanding, in a theme park or an
entertainment complex as defined in Section 509.013 in which accessible parking is located in designated lots or
areas, the signage indicating the lot as reserved for accessible parking may be located at the entrances to the lot
in lieu of a sign at each parking place.
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Advisory 502.6 Identification.
The required “van accessible” designation is intended to be informative, not restrictive, in
identifying those spaces that are better suited for van use. Enforcement of motor vehicle laws,
including parking privileges, is a local matter.
Parking space and access aisle configurations required for all accessible parking by Florida law,
s.553.5041, F.S., meet the van accessible space requirements of the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design. Therefore, no accessible space is more suitable than any other accessible
space for “van accessible” parking. Florida law only requires “van accessible” parking signs in
parking structures where van parking may be limited to the first level accessible spaces.
Florida accessible parking signs must include indication of the penalty for illegal parking in addition
to the accessible parking symbol required by the ADA Standards for Accessible Design.
502.7 Relationship to Accessible Routes. Parking spaces and access aisles shall be designed so that cars and
vans, when parked, cannot obstruct the required clear width of adjacent accessible routes.
Advisory 502.7 Relationship to Accessible Routes. Wheel stops are an effective way to
prevent vehicle overhangs from reducing the clear width of accessible routes.
503 PASSENGER LOADING ZONES
503.1 General. Passenger loading zones shall comply with 503.
503.2 Vehicle Pull-Up Space. Passenger loading zones shall provide a vehicular pull-up space 96 inches (2440
mm) wide minimum and 20 feet (6100 mm) long minimum.
503.3 Access Aisle. Passenger loading zones shall provide access aisles complying with 503 adjacent to the
vehicle pull-up space. Access aisles shall adjoin an accessible route and shall not overlap the vehicular way.
FIGURE 503.3
PASSENGER LOADING ZONE ACCESS AISLE
503.3.1 Width. Access aisles serving vehicle pull-up spaces shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.
503.3.2 Length. Access aisles shall extend the full length of the vehicle pull-up spaces they serve.
503.3.3 Marking. Access aisles shall be marked so as to discourage parking in them.
503.4 Floor and Ground Surfaces. Vehicle pull-up spaces and access aisles serving them shall comply with 302.
Access aisles shall be at the same level as the vehicle pull-up space they serve. Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
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503.5 Vertical Clearance. Vehicle pull-up spaces, access aisles serving them, and a vehicular route from an
entrance to the passenger loading zone, and from the passenger loading zone to a vehicular exit shall provide a
vertical clearance of 114 inches (2895 mm) minimum.
504 STAIRWAYS
504.1 General. Stairs shall comply with 504.
504.2 Treads and Risers. All steps on a flight of stairs shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread depths.
Risers shall be 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and 7 inches (180 mm) high maximum. Treads shall be 11 inches
(280 mm) deep minimum.
504.3 Open Risers. Open risers are not permitted.
504.4 Tread Surface. Stair treads shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Treads shall be permitted to have a slope not steeper than 1:48.
Advisory 504.4 Tread Surface. Consider providing visual contrast on tread nosings, or at the
leading edges of treads without nosings, so that stair treads are more visible for people with low
vision.
504.5 Nosings. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum. Nosings
that project beyond risers shall have the underside of the leading edge curved or beveled. Risers shall be permitted
to slope under the tread at an angle of 30 degrees maximum from vertical. The permitted projection of the nosing
shall extend 11/2 inches (38 mm) maximum over the tread below.
FIGURE 504.5
STAIR NOSINGS
504.6 Handrails. Stairs shall have handrails complying with 505.
504.7 Wet Conditions. Stair treads and landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent the
accumulation of water.
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CHAPTER 5: GENERAL SITE AND BUILDING ELEMENTS
TECHNICAL
505 HANDRAILS
505.1 General. Handrails provided along walking surfaces complying with 403, required at ramps complying with
405, and required at stairs complying with 504 shall comply with 505.
Advisory 505.1 General. Handrails are required on ramp runs with a rise greater than 6 inches
(150 mm) (see 405.8) and on certain stairways (see 504). Handrails are not required on walking
surfaces with running slopes less than 1:20. However, handrails are required to comply with 505
when they are provided on walking surfaces with running slopes less than 1:20 (see 403.6).
Sections 505.2, 505.3, and 505.10 do not apply to handrails provided on walking surfaces with
running slopes less than 1:20 as these sections only reference requirements for ramps and stairs.
505.2 Where Required. Handrails shall be provided on both sides of stairs and ramps.
EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, handrails shall not be required on both sides of aisle ramps where a handrail is
provided at either side or within the aisle width.
505.3 Continuity. Handrails shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight or ramp run. Inside handrails
on switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps shall be continuous between flights or runs.
EXCEPTION: In assembly areas, handrails on ramps shall not be required to be continuous in aisles serving
seating.
505.4 Height. Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm)
maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Handrails shall be at a consistent
height above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces.
Advisory 505.4 Height. The requirements for stair and ramp handrails in this code are for adults.
When children are the principal users in a building or facility (e.g., elementary schools), a second
set of handrails at an appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing accidents. A
maximum height of 28 inches (710 mm) measured to the top of the gripping surface from the ramp
surface or stair nosing is recommended for handrails designed for children. Sufficient vertical
clearance between upper and lower handrails, 9 inches (230 mm) minimum, should be provided to
help prevent entrapment.
FIGURE 505.4
HANDRAIL HEIGHT
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505.5 Clearance. Clearance between handrail gripping surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm)
minimum.
FIGURE 505.5
HANDRAIL CLEARANCE
505.6 Gripping Surface. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length and shall not be
obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than
20 percent of their length. Where provided, horizontal projections shall occur 11/2 inches (38 mm) minimum below
the bottom of the handrail gripping surface.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with slopes not steeper than 1:20, the bottoms of
handrail gripping surfaces shall be permitted to be obstructed along their entire length where they are
integral to crash rails or bumper guards.
2. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be
reduced by 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) for each 1/2 inch (13 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that
exceeds 4 inches (100 mm).
Advisory 505.6 Gripping Surface. People with disabilities, older people, and others benefit from
continuous gripping surfaces that permit users to reach the fingers outward or downward to grasp
the handrail, particularly as the user senses a loss of equilibrium or begins to fall.
FIGURE 505.6
HORIZONTAL PROJECTIONS BELOW GRIPPING SURFACE
505.7 Cross Section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall have a cross section complying with 505.7.1 or 505.7.2.
505.7.1 Circular Cross Section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall have an outside
diameter of 11/4 inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum.
505.7.2 Non-Circular Cross Sections. Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross section shall have a
perimeter dimension of 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 61/4 inches (160 mm) maximum, and a cross-section
dimension of 21/4 inches (57 mm) maximum.
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FIGURE 505.7.2
HANDRAIL NON-CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION
505.8 Surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive
elements and shall have rounded edges.
505.9 Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
505.10 Handrail Extensions. Handrail gripping surfaces shall extend beyond and in the same direction of stair
flights and ramp runs in accordance with 505.10.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Extensions shall not be required for continuous handrails at the inside turn of switchback or dogleg stairs
and ramps.
2. In assembly areas, extensions shall not be required for ramp handrails in aisles serving seating where the
handrails are discontinuous to provide access to seating and to permit crossovers within aisles.
3. In alterations, full extensions of handrails shall not be required where such extensions would be hazardous
due to plan configuration.
505.10.1 Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps. Ramp handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for
12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and bottom of ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or
the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run.
FIGURE 505.10.1
TOP AND BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT RAMPS
505.10.2 Top Extension at Stairs. At the top of a stair flight, handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing
for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall,
guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
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FIGURE 505.10.2
TOP HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
505.10.3 Bottom Extension at Stairs. At the bottom of a stair flight, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair
flight for a horizontal distance at least equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Extension shall return
to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
FIGURE 505.10.3
BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
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CHAPTER 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES
601 GENERAL
601.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 6 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
602 DRINKING FOUNTAINS
602.1 General. Drinking fountains shall comply with 307 and 602.
602.2 Clear Floor Space. Units shall have a clear floor or ground space complying with 305 positioned for a forward
approach and centered on the unit. Knee and toe clearance complying with 306 shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: A parallel approach complying with 305 shall be permitted at units for children’s use where the
spout is 30 inches (760 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground and is 3 1/2 inches (90 mm) maximum from
the front edge of the unit, including bumpers.
602.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with 309.
602.4 Spout Height. Spout outlets shall be 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
602.5 Spout Location. The spout shall be located 15 inches (380 mm) minimum from the vertical support and 5
inches (125 mm) maximum from the front edge of the unit, including bumpers.
FIGURE 602.5
DRINKING FOUNTAIN SPOUT LOCATION
602.6 Water Flow. The spout shall provide a flow of water 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and shall be located 5
inches (125 mm) maximum from the front of the unit. The angle of the water stream shall be measured horizontally
relative to the front face of the unit. Where spouts are located less than 3 inches (75 mm) of the front of the unit, the
angle of the water stream shall be 30 degrees maximum. Where spouts are located between 3 inches (75 mm) and
5 inches (125 mm) maximum from the front of the unit, the angle of the water stream shall be 15 degrees maximum.
Advisory 602.6 Water Flow. The purpose of requiring the drinking fountain spout to produce a
flow of water 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum is so that a cup can be inserted under the flow of
water to provide a drink of water for an individual who, because of a disability, would otherwise be
incapable of using the drinking fountain.
602.7 Drinking Fountains for Standing Persons. Spout outlets of drinking fountains for standing persons shall be
38 inches (965 mm) minimum and 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
603 TOILET AND BATHING ROOMS
603.1 General. Toilet and bathing rooms shall comply with 603.
603.2 Clearances. Clearances shall comply with 603.2.
603.2.1 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within the room.
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603.2.2 Overlap. Required clear floor spaces, clearance at fixtures, and turning space shall be permitted to
overlap.
603.2.3 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into the clear floor space or clearance required for any fixture. Doors
shall be permitted to swing into the required turning space.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Doors to a toilet room or bathing room for a single occupant accessed only through a private office and
not for common use or public use shall be permitted to swing into the clear floor space or clearance
provided the swing of the door can be reversed to comply with 603.2.3.
2. Where the toilet room or bathing room is for individual use and a clear floor space complying with 305.3
is provided within the room beyond the arc of the door swing, doors shall be permitted to swing into the
clear floor space or clearance required for any fixture.
Advisory 603.2.3 Door Swing Exception 1. At the time the door is installed, and if the door swing
is reversed in the future, the door must meet all the requirements specified in 404. Additionally, the
door swing cannot reduce the required width of an accessible route. Also, avoid violating other
building or life safety codes when the door swing is reversed.
603.3 Mirrors. Mirrors located above lavatories or countertops shall be installed with the bottom edge of the
reflecting surface 40 inches (1015 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground. Mirrors not located above
lavatories or countertops shall be installed with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface 35 inches (890 mm)
maximum above the finish floor or ground.
Advisory 603.3 Mirrors. A single full-length mirror can accommodate a greater number
of people, including children. In order for mirrors to be usable by people who are
ambulatory and people who use wheelchairs, the top edge of mirrors should be 74 inches
(1880 mm) minimum from the floor or ground.
603.4 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308.
Shelves shall be located 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish floor.
604 WATER CLOSETS AND TOILET COMPARTMENTS
604.1 General. Water closets and toilet compartments shall comply with 604.2 through 604.8.
EXCEPTION: Water closets and toilet compartments for children’s use shall be permitted to comply with 604.9.
604.2 Location. The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partition to the rear and to one side. The
centerline of the water closet shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum to 18 inches (455 mm) maximum from the
side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible toilet compartment specified in 604.8.2.
Water closets shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand approach.
FIGURE 604.2
WATER CLOSET LOCATION
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604.3 Clearance. Clearances around water closets and in toilet compartments shall comply with 604.3.
604.3.1 Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum measured perpendicular
from the side wall and 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the rear wall.
FIGURE 604.3.1
SIZE OF CLEARANCE AT WATER CLOSETS
604.3.2 Overlap. The required clearance around the water closet shall be permitted to overlap the water closet,
associated grab bars, dispensers, sanitary napkin disposal units, coat hooks, shelves, accessible routes, clear
floor space and clearances required at other fixtures, and the turning space. No other fixtures or obstructions shall
be located within the required water closet clearance.
EXCEPTION: In residential dwelling units, a lavatory complying with 606 shall be permitted on the rear wall 18
inches (455 mm) minimum from the water closet centerline where the clearance at the water closet is 66 inches
(1675 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the rear wall.
Advisory 604.3.2 Overlap. When the door to the toilet room is placed directly in front of the water
closet, the water closet cannot overlap the required maneuvering clearance for the door inside the
room.
FIGURE 604.3.2 (EXCEPTION)
OVERLAP OF WATER CLOSET CLEARANCE IN RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS
604.4 Seats. The seat height of a water closet above the finish floor shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19
inches (485 mm) maximum measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. A water closet in a toilet room for a single occupant accessed only through a private office and not for
common use or public use shall not be required to comply with 604.4.
2. In residential dwelling units, the height of water closets shall be permitted to be 15 inches (380 mm)
minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum above the finish floor measured to the top of the seat.
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TECHNICAL
604.5 Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets shall comply with 609. Grab bars shall be provided on the side wall
closest to the water closet and on the rear wall.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Grab bars shall not be required to be installed in a toilet room for a single occupant accessed only through a
private office and not for common use or public use provided that reinforcement has been installed in walls
and located so as to permit the installation of grab bars complying with 604.5.
2. In residential dwelling units, grab bars shall not be required to be installed in toilet or bathrooms provided
that reinforcement has been installed in walls and located so as to permit the installation of grab bars
complying with 604.5.
3. In detention or correction facilities, grab bars shall not be required to be installed in housing or holding cells
that are specially designed without protrusions for purposes of suicide prevention.
Advisory 604.5 Grab Bars Exception 2. Reinforcement must be sufficient to permit the
installation of rear and side wall grab bars that fully meet all accessibility requirements including,
but not limited to, required length, installation height, and structural strength.
604.5.1 Side Wall. The side wall grab bar shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum, located 12 inches (305
mm) maximum from the rear wall and extending 54 inches (1370 mm) minimum from the rear wall.
FIGURE 604.5.1
SIDE WALL GRAB BAR AT WATER CLOSETS
604.5.2 Rear Wall. The rear wall grab bar shall be 36 inches (915 mm) long minimum and extend from the
centerline of the water closet 12 inches (305 mm) minimum on one side and 24 inches (610 mm) minimum on the
other side.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. The rear grab bar shall be permitted to be 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum, centered on the water
closet, where wall space does not permit a length of 36 inches (915 mm) minimum due to the location of a
recessed fixture adjacent to the water closet.
2. Where an administrative authority requires flush controls for flush valves to be located in a position that
conflicts with the location of the rear grab bar, then the rear grab bar shall be permitted to be split or
shifted to the open side of the toilet area.
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FIGURE 604.5.2
REAR WALL GRAB BAR AT WATER CLOSETS
604.6 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush controls shall
comply with 309. Flush controls shall be located on the open side of the water closet except in ambulatory accessible
compartments complying with 604.8.2.
Advisory 604.6 Flush Controls. If plumbing valves are located directly behind the toilet seat,
flush valves and related plumbing can cause injury or imbalance when a person leans back
against them. To prevent causing injury or imbalance, the plumbing can be located behind walls or
to the side of the toilet; or if approved by the local authority having jurisdiction, provide a toilet seat
lid.
604.7 Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall comply with 309.4 and shall be 7 inches (180 mm) minimum and 9
inches (230 mm) maximum in front of the water closet measured to the centerline of the dispenser. The outlet of the
dispenser shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish floor and shall
not be located behind grab bars. Dispensers shall not be of a type that controls delivery or that does not allow
continuous paper flow.
Advisory 604.7 Dispensers. If toilet paper dispensers are installed above the side wall grab bar,
the outlet of the toilet paper dispenser must be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish
floor and the top of the gripping surface of the grab bar must be 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and
36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor.
FIGURE 604.7
DISPENSER OUTLET LOCATION
604.8 Toilet Compartments. Wheelchair accessible toilet compartments shall meet the requirements of 604.8.1 and
604.8.3. Compartments containing more than one plumbing fixture shall comply with 603. Ambulatory accessible
compartments shall comply with 604.8.2 and 604.8.3.
604.8.1 Wheelchair Accessible Compartments. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall comply with
604.8.1.
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TECHNICAL
604.8.1.1 Size. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum measured
perpendicular to the side wall, and 56 inches (1420 mm) deep minimum for wall hung water closets and 59
inches (1500 mm) deep minimum for floor mounted water closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall.
Wheelchair accessible compartments for children’s use shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum measured
perpendicular to the side wall, and 59 inches (1500 mm) deep minimum for wall hung and floor mounted water
closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall.
Advisory 604.8.1.1 Size. The minimum space required in toilet compartments is provided so that
a person using a wheelchair can maneuver into position at the water closet. This space cannot be
obstructed by baby changing tables or other fixtures or conveniences, except as specified at
604.3.2 (Overlap). If toilet compartments are to be used to house fixtures other than those
associated with the water closet, they must be designed to exceed the minimum space
requirements. Convenience fixtures such as baby changing tables must also be accessible to
people with disabilities as well as to other users. Toilet compartments that are designed to meet,
and not exceed, the minimum space requirements may not provide adequate space for
maneuvering into position at a baby changing table.
FIGURE 604.8.1.1
SIZE OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE TOILET COMPARTMENT
604.8.1.2 Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with 404 except that if the
approach is to the latch side of the compartment door, clearance between the door side of the compartment
and any obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum. Doors shall be located in the front partition or in
the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where located in the front partition, the door opening
shall be 4 inches (100 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where
located in the side wall or partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches (100 mm) maximum from the front
partition. The door shall be self-closing. A door pull complying with 404.2.7 shall be placed on both sides of the
door near the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall not swing into the minimum required compartment area.
FIGURE 604.8.1.2
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE TOILET COMPARTMENT DOORS
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604.8.1.3 Approach. Compartments shall be arranged for left-hand or right-hand approach to the water closet.
604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance. The front partition and at least one side partition shall provide a toe clearance of 9
inches (230 mm) minimum above the finish floor and 6 inches (150 mm) deep minimum beyond the
compartment-side face of the partition, exclusive of partition support members. Compartments for children’s
use shall provide a toe clearance of 12 inches (305 mm) minimum above the finish floor.
EXCEPTION: Toe clearance at the front partition is not required in a compartment greater than 62 inches
(1575 mm) deep with a wall-hung water closet or 65 inches (1650 mm) deep with a floor-mounted water
closet. Toe clearance at the side partition is not required in a compartment greater than 66 inches (1675
mm) wide. Toe clearance at the front partition is not required in a compartment for children’s use that is
greater than 65 inches (1650 mm) deep.
FIGURE 604.8.1.4
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE TOILET COMPARTMENT TOE CLEARANCE
604.8.1.5 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with 609. A side-wall grab bar complying with 604.5.1 shall be
provided and shall be located on the wall closest to the water closet. In addition, a rear-wall grab bar complying
with 604.5.2 shall be provided.
604.8.1.6 Lavatory. In new construction, the wheelchair accessible toilet compartment shall contain an
accessible lavatory within it, which must be at least 19 inches wide by 17 inches deep, nominal size, and
wall-mounted. The lavatory shall be mounted so as not to overlap the clear floor space areas required by
section 604 for the wheelchair accessible toilet compartment and shall comply with section 606. Such
lavatories shall be counted as part of the required fixture count for the building. See also section 213.3.4.
604.8.1.7 Water closet. In new construction, the accessible water closet within the wheelchair accessible
compartment shall be located in the corner, diagonal to the door.
FIGURE 604.8.1.6
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE TOILET COMPARTMENT IN NEW CONSTRUCTION
Note: The drawings are not the complete code requirements, do not depict all possible
options and the code text must be reviewed for additional requirements
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Advisory 604.8.1.6 Lavatory and 604.8.1.7 Water Closet. Florida law, section 553.504(5), F.S.,
stipulates that “…required bathing rooms and toilet rooms in new construction shall be designed
and constructed…” with an accessible lavatory in the wheelchair accessible compartment and the
water closet located in a corner diagonal to the door. The ADA Standards for Accessible Design
and therefore this code require wheelchair accessible compartments in new construction and in
alterations of existing buildings to have self closing doors. While the Florida lavatory requirement
and water closet placement apply only to new construction, they are desirable for all wheelchair
accessible compartments and should be considered where feasible.
604.8.2 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments. Ambulatory accessible compartments shall comply
with 604.8.2.
FIGURE 604.8.2
AMBULATORY ACCESSIBLE TOILET COMPARTMENT
604.8.2.1 Size. Ambulatory accessible compartments shall have a depth of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum and
a width of 35 inches (890 mm) minimum and 37 inches (940 mm) maximum.
604.8.2.2 Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with 404, except that if the
approach is to the latch side of the compartment door, clearance between the door side of the compartment
and any obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum. The door shall be self-closing. A door pull
complying with 404.2.7 shall be placed on both sides of the door near the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall
not swing into the minimum required compartment area.
604.8.2.3 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with 609. A side-wall grab bar complying with 604.5.1 shall be
provided on both sides of the compartment.
604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks shall be located within one of the reach ranges specified in 308.
Shelves shall be located 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finish
floor.
604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children’s Use. Water closets and toilet compartments for
children’s use shall comply with 604.9.
Advisory 604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children’s Use. The
requirements in 604.9 are to be followed where the exception for children’s water closets in 604.1
is used. The following table provides additional guidance in applying the specifications for water
closets for children according to the age group served and reflects the differences in the size,
stature, and reach ranges of children ages 3 through 12. The specifications chosen should
correspond to the age of the primary user group. The specifications of one age group should be
applied consistently in the installation of a water closet and related elements.
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ADVISORY SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER CLOSETS SERVING CHILDREN AGES 3 THROUGH 12
Ages 3 and 4
Ages 5 through 8
Ages 9 through 12
Water Closet
Centerline
Toilet Seat Height
Grab Bar Height
Dispenser Height
12 inches
(305 mm)
11 to 12 inches
(280 to 305 mm)
18 to 20 inches
(455 to 510 mm)
14 inches
(355 mm)
12 to 15 inches
(305 to 380 mm)
12 to 15 inches
(305 to 380 mm)
20 to 25 inches
(510 to 635 mm)
14 to 17 inches
(355 to 430 mm)
15 to 18 inches
(380 to 455 mm)
15 to 17 inches
(380 to 430 mm)
25 to 27 inches
(635 to 685 mm)
17 to 19 inches
(430 to 485 mm)
604.9.1 Location. The water closet shall be located with a wall or partition to the rear and to one side. The
centerline of the water closet shall be 12 inches (305 mm) minimum and 18 inches (455 mm) maximum from the
side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible toilet compartment specified in 604.8.2.
Compartments shall be arranged for left-hand or right-hand approach to the water closet.
604.9.2 Clearance. Clearance around a water closet shall comply with 604.3.
604.9.3 Height. The height of water closets shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 17 inches (430 mm)
maximum measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.
604.9.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets shall comply with 604.5.
604.9.5 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush controls shall
comply with 309.2 and 309.4 and shall be installed 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor. Flush
controls shall be located on the open side of the water closet except in ambulatory accessible compartments
complying with 604.8.2.
604.9.6 Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall comply with 309.4 and shall be 7 inches (180 mm) minimum
and 9 inches (230 mm) maximum in front of the water closet measured to the centerline of the dispenser. The
outlet of the dispenser shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum above the finish
floor. There shall be a clearance of 11/2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the grab bar. Dispensers shall not be of a
type that controls delivery or that does not allow continuous paper flow.
604.9.7 Toilet Compartments. Toilet compartments shall comply with 604.8.
605 URINALS
605.1 General. Urinals shall comply with 605.
Advisory 605.1 General. Stall-type urinals provide greater accessibility for a broader range of
persons, including people of short stature.
605.2 Height and Depth. Urinals shall be the stall-type or the wall-hung type with the rim 17 inches (430 mm)
maximum above the finish floor or ground. Urinals shall be 131/2 inches (345 mm) deep minimum measured from the
outer face of the urinal rim to the back of the fixture.
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FIGURE 605.2
HEIGHT AND DEPTH OF URINALS
605.3 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 positioned for forward approach shall be
provided.
605.4 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic. Hand operated flush controls shall
comply with 309.
606 LAVATORIES AND SINKS
606.1 General. Lavatories and sinks shall comply with 606.
Advisory 606.1 General. If soap and towel dispensers are provided, they must be located within
the reach ranges specified in 308. Locate soap and towel dispensers so that they are conveniently
usable by a person at the accessible lavatory.
606.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space complying with 305, positioned for a forward approach, and knee and
toe clearance complying with 306 shall be provided.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. A parallel approach complying with 305 shall be permitted to a kitchen sink, in a space where a cook top or
conventional range is not provided, and to wet bars.
2. A lavatory in a toilet room or bathing facility for a single occupant accessed only through a private office and
not for common use or public use shall not be required to provide knee and toe clearance complying with
306.
3. In residential dwelling units, cabinetry shall be permitted under lavatories and kitchen sinks provided that all
of the following conditions are met:
a. the cabinetry can be removed without removal or replacement of the fixture;
b. the finish floor extends under the cabinetry; and
c. the walls behind and surrounding the cabinetry are finished.
4. A knee clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground shall be permitted at
lavatories and sinks used primarily by children 6 through 12 years where the rim or counter surface is 31
inches (785 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
5. A parallel approach complying with 305 shall be permitted to lavatories and sinks used primarily by children
5 years and younger.
6. The dip of the overflow shall not be considered in determining knee and toe clearances.
7. No more than one bowl of a multi-bowl sink shall be required to provide knee and toe clearance complying
with 306.
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606.3 Height. Lavatories and sinks shall be installed with the front of the higher of the rim or counter surface 34
inches (865 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. A lavatory in a toilet or bathing facility for a single occupant accessed only through a private office and not for
common use or public use shall not be required to comply with 606.3.
2. In residential dwelling unit kitchens, sinks that are adjustable to variable heights, 29 inches (735 mm)
minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum, shall be permitted where rough-in plumbing permits
connections of supply and drain pipes for sinks mounted at the height of 29 inches (735 mm).
606.4 Faucets. Controls for faucets shall comply with 309. Hand-operated metering faucets shall remain open for 10
seconds minimum.
606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Water supply and drain pipes under lavatories and sinks shall be insulated or
otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under lavatories and
sinks.
607 BATHTUBS
607.1 General. Bathtubs shall comply with 607.
607.2 Clearance. Clearance in front of bathtubs shall extend the length of the bathtub and shall be 30 inches (760
mm) wide minimum. A lavatory complying with 606 shall be permitted at the control end of the clearance. Where a
permanent seat is provided at the head end of the bathtub, the clearance shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum
beyond the wall at the head end of the bathtub.
FIGURE 607.2
CLEARANCE FOR BATHTUBS
607.3 Seat. A permanent seat at the head end of the bathtub or a removable in-tub seat shall be provided. Seats
shall comply with 610.
607.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars for bathtubs shall comply with 609 and shall be provided in accordance with 607.4.1 or
607.4.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Grab bars shall not be required to be installed in a bathtub located in a bathing facility for a single occupant
accessed only through a private office and not for common use or public use provided that reinforcement
has been installed in walls and located so as to permit the installation of grab bars complying with 607.4.
2. In residential dwelling units, grab bars shall not be required to be installed in bathtubs located in bathing
facilities provided that reinforcement has been installed in walls and located so as to permit the installation of
grab bars complying with 607.4.
607.4.1 Bathtubs With Permanent Seats. For bathtubs with permanent seats, grab bars shall be
provided in accordance with 607.4.1.
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FIGURE 607.4.1
GRAB BARS FOR BATHTUBS WITH PERMANENT SEATS
607.4.1.1 Back Wall. Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located in accordance with 609.4
and the other located 8 inches (205 mm) minimum and 10 inches (255 mm) maximum above the rim of the
bathtub. Each grab bar shall be installed 15 inches (380 mm) maximum from the head end wall and 12 inches
(305 mm) maximum from the control end wall.
607.4.1.2 Control End Wall. A grab bar 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum shall be installed on the control end
wall at the front edge of the bathtub.
607.4.2 Bathtubs Without Permanent Seats. For bathtubs without permanent seats, grab bars shall comply with
607.4.2.
FIGURE 607.4.2
GRAB BARS FOR BATHTUBS WITH REMOVABLE IN-TUB SEATS
607.4.2.1 Back Wall. Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located in accordance with 609.4
and the other located 8 inches (205 mm) minimum and 10 inches (255 mm) maximum above the rim of the
bathtub. Each grab bar shall be 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum and shall be installed 24 inches (610 mm)
maximum from the head end wall and 12 inches (305 mm) maximum from the control end wall.
607.4.2.2 Control End Wall. A grab bar 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum shall be installed on the control end
wall at the front edge of the bathtub.
607.4.2.3 Head End Wall. A grab bar 12 inches (305 mm) long minimum shall be installed on the head end
wall at the front edge of the bathtub.
607.5 Controls. Controls, other than drain stoppers, shall be located on an end wall. Controls shall be between the
bathtub rim and grab bar, and between the open side of the bathtub and the centerline of the width of the bathtub.
Controls shall comply with 309.4.
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FIGURE 607.5
BATHTUB CONTROL LOCATION
607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. A shower spray unit with a hose 59 inches (1500 mm) long minimum that can
be used both as a fixed-position shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided. The shower spray unit
shall have an on/off control with a non-positive shut-off. If an adjustable-height shower head on a vertical bar is used,
the bar shall be installed so as not to obstruct the use of grab bars. Bathtub shower spray units shall deliver water
that is 120°F (49°C) maximum.
Advisory 607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. Ensure that hand-held shower spray units are
capable of delivering water pressure substantially equivalent to fixed shower heads.
607.7 Bathtub Enclosures. Enclosures for bathtubs shall not obstruct controls, faucets, shower and spray units or
obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into bathtubs. Enclosures on bathtubs shall not have tracks
installed on the rim of the open face of the bathtub.
608 SHOWER COMPARTMENTS
608.1 General. Shower compartments shall comply with 608.
Advisory 608.1 General. Shower stalls that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide and have no curb may
increase the usability of a bathroom because the shower area provides additional maneuvering
space.
608.2 Size and Clearances for Shower Compartments. Shower compartments shall have sizes and clearances
complying with 608.2.
608.2.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. Transfer type shower compartments shall be 36 inches (915
mm) by 36 inches (915 mm) clear inside dimensions measured at the center points of opposing sides and shall
have a 36 inch (915 mm) wide minimum entry on the face of the shower compartment. Clearance of 36 inches
(915 mm) wide minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum measured from the control wall shall be provided.
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FIGURE 608.2.1
TRANSFER TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT SIZE AND CLEARANCE
608.2.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Standard roll-in type shower compartments shall be 30
inches (760 mm) wide minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum clear inside dimensions measured at
center points of opposing sides and shall have a 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum entry on the face of the
shower compartment.
FIGURE 608.2.2
STANDARD ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT SIZE AND CLEARANCE
608.2.2.1 Clearance. A 30 inch (760 mm) wide minimum by 60 inch (1525 mm) long minimum clearance shall
be provided adjacent to the open face of the shower compartment.
EXCEPTION: A lavatory complying with 606 shall be permitted on one 30 inch (760 mm) wide minimum side
of the clearance provided that it is not on the side of the clearance adjacent to the controls or, where
provided, not on the side of the clearance adjacent to the shower seat.
608.2.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Alternate roll-in type shower compartments shall be
36 inches (915 mm) wide and 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum clear inside dimensions measured at center
points of opposing sides. A 36 inch (915 mm) wide minimum entry shall be provided at one end of the long side
of the compartment.
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FIGURE 608.2.3
ALTERNATE ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT SIZE AND CLEARANCE
608.3 Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with 609 and shall be provided in accordance with 608.3. Where multiple
grab bars are used, required horizontal grab bars shall be installed at the same height above the finish floor.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Grab bars shall not be required to be installed in a shower located in a bathing facility for a single occupant
accessed only through a private office, and not for common use or public use provided that reinforcement
has been installed in walls and located so as to permit the installation of grab bars complying with 608.3.
2. In residential dwelling units, grab bars shall not be required to be installed in showers located in bathing
facilities provided that reinforcement has been installed in walls and located so as to permit the installation of
grab bars complying with 608.3.
608.3.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. In transfer type compartments, grab bars shall be provided
across the control wall and back wall to a point 18 inches (455 mm) from the control wall.
FIGURE 608.3.1
GRAB BARS FOR TRANSFER TYPE SHOWERS
608.3.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. Where a seat is provided in standard roll-in type shower
compartments, grab bars shall be provided on the back wall and the side wall opposite the seat. Grab bars shall
not be provided above the seat. Where a seat is not provided in standard roll-in type shower compartments, grab
bars shall be provided on three walls. Grab bars shall be installed 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from adjacent
walls.
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FIGURE 608.3.2
GRAB BARS FOR STANDARD ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWERS
608.3.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In alternate roll-in type shower compartments, grab
bars shall be provided on the back wall and the side wall farthest from the compartment entry. Grab bars shall not
be provided above the seat. Grab bars shall be installed 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from adjacent walls.
FIGURE 608.3.3
GRAB BARS FOR ALTERNATE ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWERS
608.4 Seats. A folding or non-folding seat shall be provided in transfer type shower compartments. A folding seat
shall be provided in roll-in type showers required in transient lodging guest rooms with mobility features complying
with 806.2. Seats shall comply with 610.
EXCEPTION: In residential dwelling units, seats shall not be required in transfer type shower compartments
provided that reinforcement has been installed in walls so as to permit the installation of seats complying with
608.4.
608.5 Controls. Controls, faucets, and shower spray units shall comply with 309.4.
608.5.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments. In transfer type shower compartments, the controls, faucets,
and shower spray unit shall be installed on the side wall opposite the seat 38 inches (965 mm) minimum and 48
inches (1220 mm) maximum above the shower floor and shall be located on the control wall 15 inches (380 mm)
maximum from the centerline of the seat toward the shower opening.
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FIGURE 608.5.1
TRANSFER TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT CONTROL LOCATION
608.5.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In standard roll-in type shower compartments, the
controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be located above the grab bar, but no higher than 48 inches (1220
mm) above the shower floor. Where a seat is provided, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be
installed on the back wall adjacent to the seat wall and shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum from the
seat wall.
Advisory 608.5.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In standard roll-in type
showers without seats, the shower head and operable parts can be located on any of the three
walls of the shower without adversely affecting accessibility.
FIGURE 608.5.2
STANDARD ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT CONTROL LOCATION
608.5.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments. In alternate roll-in type shower compartments, the
controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be located above the grab bar, but no higher than 48 inches (1220
mm) above the shower floor. Where a seat is provided, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be
located on the side wall adjacent to the seat 27 inches (685 mm) maximum from the side wall behind the seat or
shall be located on the back wall opposite the seat 15 inches (380 mm) maximum, left or right, of the centerline of
the seat. Where a seat is not provided, the controls, faucets, and shower spray unit shall be installed on the side
wall farthest from the compartment entry.
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FIGURE 608.5.3
ALTERNATE ROLL-IN TYPE SHOWER COMPARTMENT CONTROL LOCATION
608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. A shower spray unit with a hose 59 inches (1500 mm) long minimum that can
be used both as a fixed-position shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided. The shower spray unit
shall have an on/off control with a non-positive shut-off. If an adjustable-height shower head on a vertical bar is used,
the bar shall be installed so as not to obstruct the use of grab bars. Shower spray units shall deliver water that is
120°F (49°C) maximum.
EXCEPTION: A fixed shower head located at 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the shower finish floor shall
be permitted instead of a hand-held spray unit in facilities that are not medical care facilities, long-term care
facilities, transient lodging guest rooms, or residential dwelling units.
Advisory 608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water. Ensure that hand-held shower spray units are
capable of delivering water pressure substantially equivalent to fixed shower heads.
608.7 Thresholds. Thresholds in roll-in type shower compartments shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum in
accordance with 303. In transfer type shower compartments, thresholds 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum shall be
beveled, rounded, or vertical.
EXCEPTION: A threshold 2 inches (51 mm) high maximum shall be permitted in transfer type shower
compartments in existing facilities where provision of a 1/2 inch (13 mm) high threshold would disturb the structural
reinforcement of the floor slab.
608.8 Shower Enclosures. Enclosures for shower compartments shall not obstruct controls, faucets, and shower
spray units or obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto shower seats.
609 GRAB BARS
609.1 General. Grab bars in toilet facilities and bathing facilities shall comply with 609.
609.2 Cross Section. Grab bars shall have a cross section complying with 609.2.1 or 609.2.2.
609.2.1 Circular Cross Section. Grab bars with circular cross sections shall have an outside diameter of 11/4
inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum.
609.2.2 Non-Circular Cross Section. Grab bars with non-circular cross sections shall have a cross-section
dimension of 2 inches (51 mm) maximum and a perimeter dimension of 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 4.8
inches (120 mm) maximum.
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CHAPTER 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES
FIGURE 609.2.2
GRAB BAR NON-CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION
609.3 Spacing. The space between the wall and the grab bar shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm). The space between the
grab bar and projecting objects below and at the ends shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm) minimum. The space between
the grab bar and projecting objects above shall be 12 inches (305 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: The space between the grab bars and shower controls, shower fittings, and other grab bars above
shall be permitted to be 11/2 inches (38 mm) minimum.
FIGURE 609.3
SPACING OF GRAB BARS
609.4 Position of Grab Bars. Grab bars shall be installed in a horizontal position, 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and
36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor measured to the top of the gripping surface, except that at water
closets for children’s use complying with 604.9, grab bars shall be installed in a horizontal position 18 inches (455
mm) minimum and 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the finish floor measured to the top of the gripping surface.
The height of the lower grab bar on the back wall of a bathtub shall comply with 607.4.1.1 or 607.4.2.1.
609.5 Surface Hazards. Grab bars and any wall or other surfaces adjacent to grab bars shall be free of sharp or
abrasive elements and shall have rounded edges.
609.6 Fittings. Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings.
609.7 Installation. Grab bars shall be installed in any manner that provides a gripping surface at the specified
locations and that does not obstruct the required clear floor space.
609.8 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a vertical or
horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the grab bar, fastener, mounting device, or
supporting structure.
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CHAPTER 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES
TECHNICAL
610 SEATS
610.1 General. Seats in bathtubs and shower compartments shall comply with 610.
610.2 Bathtub Seats. The top of bathtub seats shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum above the bathroom finish floor. The depth of a removable in-tub seat shall be 15 inches (380 mm)
minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum. The seat shall be capable of secure placement. Permanent seats at
the head end of the bathtub shall be 15 inches (380 mm) deep minimum and shall extend from the back wall to or
beyond the outer edge of the bathtub.
FIGURE 610.2
BATHTUB SEATS
610.3 Shower Compartment Seats. Where a seat is provided in a standard roll-in shower compartment, it shall be
a folding type, shall be installed on the side wall adjacent to the controls, and shall extend from the back wall to a
point within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. Where a seat is provided in an alternate roll-in type shower
compartment, it shall be a folding type, shall be installed on the front wall opposite the back wall, and shall extend
from the adjacent side wall to a point within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. In transfer-type showers, the
seat shall extend from the back wall to a point within 3 inches (75 mm) of the compartment entry. The top of the seat
shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum above the bathroom finish floor. Seats
shall comply with 610.3.1 or 610.3.2.
FIGURE 610.3
EXTENT OF SEAT
610.3.1 Rectangular Seats. The rear edge of a rectangular seat shall be 21/2 inches (64 mm) maximum and the
front edge 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum from the seat wall. The side edge of
the seat shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm) maximum from the adjacent wall.
126
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CHAPTER 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES
FIGURE 610.3.1
RECTANGULAR SHOWER SEAT
610.3.2 L-Shaped Seats. The rear edge of an L-shaped seat shall be 21/2 inches (64 mm) maximum and the front
edge 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 16 inches (405 mm) maximum from the seat wall. The rear edge of the “L”
portion of the seat shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm) maximum from the wall and the front edge shall be 14 inches (355
mm) minimum and 15 inches (380 mm) maximum from the wall. The end of the “L” shall be 22 inches (560 mm)
minimum and 23 inches maximum (585 mm) from the main seat wall.
FIGURE 610.3.2
L-SHAPED SHOWER SEAT
610.4 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a vertical or
horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting device, or supporting
structure.
611 WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES DRYERS
611.1 General. Washing machines and clothes dryers shall comply with 611.
611.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 positioned for parallel approach shall be
provided. The clear floor or ground space shall be centered on the appliance.
611.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts, including doors, lint screens, and detergent and bleach compartments shall
comply with 309.
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TECHNICAL
611.4 Height. Top loading machines shall have the door to the laundry compartment located 36 inches (915 mm)
maximum above the finish floor. Front loading machines shall have the bottom of the opening to the laundry
compartment located 15 inches (380 mm) minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor.
FIGURE 611.4
HEIGHT OF LAUNDRY COMPARTMENT OPENING
612 SAUNAS AND STEAM ROOMS
612.1 General. Saunas and steam rooms shall comply with 612.
612.2 Bench. Where seating is provided in saunas and steam rooms, at least one bench shall comply with 903.
Doors shall not swing into the clear floor space required by 903.2.
EXCEPTION: A readily removable bench shall be permitted to obstruct the turning space required by 612.3 and
the clear floor or ground space required by 903.2.
612.3 Turning Space. A turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within saunas and steam rooms.
128
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CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
701 GENERAL
701.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 7 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced
by a requirement in this code.
702 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
702.1 General. Fire alarm systems shall have permanently installed audible and visible alarms complying with NFPA
72 (1999 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1), except that the
maximum allowable sound level of audible notification appliances complying with section 4-3.2.1 of NFPA 72 (1999
edition) shall have a sound level no more than 110 dB at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance.
In addition, alarms in guest rooms required to provide communication features shall comply with sections 4-3 and 44 of NFPA 72 (1999 edition) or sections 7.4 and 7.5 of NFPA 72 (2002 edition).
EXCEPTION: Fire alarm systems in medical care facilities shall be permitted to be provided in accordance with
industry practice.
703 SIGNS
703.1 General. Signs shall comply with 703. Where both visual and tactile characters are required, either one sign
with both visual and tactile characters, or two separate signs, one with visual, and one with tactile characters, shall
be provided.
703.2 Raised Characters. Raised characters shall comply with 703.2 and shall be duplicated in braille complying
with 703.3. Raised characters shall be installed in accordance with 703.4.
Advisory 703.2 Raised Characters. Signs that are designed to be read by touch should not have
sharp or abrasive edges.
703.2.1 Depth. Raised characters shall be 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) minimum above their background.
703.2.2 Case. Characters shall be uppercase.
703.2.3 Style. Characters shall be sans serif. Characters shall not be italic, oblique, script, highly decorative, or of
other unusual forms.
703.2.4 Character Proportions. Characters shall be selected from fonts where the width of the uppercase letter
“O” is 55 percent minimum and 110 percent maximum of the height of the uppercase letter “I”.
703.2.5 Character Height. Character height measured vertically from the baseline of the character shall be 5/8
inch (16 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum based on the height of the uppercase letter “I”.
EXCEPTION: Where separate raised and visual characters with the same information are provided, raised
character height shall be permitted to be 1/2 inch (13 mm) minimum.
FIGURE 703.2.5
HEIGHT OF RAISED CHARACTERS
703.2.6 Stroke Thickness. Stroke thickness of the uppercase letter “I” shall be 15 percent maximum of the height
of the character.
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TECHNICAL
703.2.7 Character Spacing. Character spacing shall be measured between the two closest points of adjacent
raised characters within a message, excluding word spaces. Where characters have rectangular cross sections,
spacing between individual raised characters shall be 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) minimum and 4 times the raised character
stroke width maximum. Where characters have other cross sections, spacing between individual raised
characters shall be 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) minimum and 4 times the raised character stroke width maximum at the
base of the cross sections, and 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) minimum and 4 times the raised character stroke width
maximum at the top of the cross sections. Characters shall be separated from raised borders and decorative
elements 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum.
703.2.8 Line Spacing. Spacing between the baselines of separate lines of raised characters within a message
shall be 135 percent minimum and 170 percent maximum of the raised character height.
703.3 Braille. Braille shall be contracted (Grade 2) and shall comply with 703.3 and 703.4.
703.3.1 Dimensions and Capitalization. Braille dots shall have a domed or rounded shape and shall comply with
Table 703.3.1. The indication of an uppercase letter or letters shall only be used before the first word of
sentences, proper nouns and names, individual letters of the alphabet, initials, and acronyms.
TABLE 703.3.1
BRAILLE DIMENSIONS
MEASUREMENT RANGE
MINIMUM IN INCHES MAXIMUM IN
INCHES
Dot base diameter
Distance between two dots in the same cell1
Distance between corresponding dots in adjacent cells1
Dot height
Distance between corresponding dots from one cell directly below1
0.059 (1.5 mm) to 0.063 (1.6 mm)
0.090 (2.3 mm) to 0.100 (2.5 mm)
0.241 (6.1 mm) to 0.300 (7.6 mm)
0.025 (0.6 mm) to 0.037 (0.9 mm)
0.395 (10 mm) to 0.400 (10.2 mm)
1. Measured center to center.
FIGURE 703.3.1
BRAILLE MEASUREMENT
703.3.2 Position. Braille shall be positioned below the corresponding text. If text is multi-lined, braille shall be
placed below the entire text. Braille shall be separated 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum from any other tactile
characters and 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) minimum from raised borders and decorative elements.
EXCEPTION: Braille provided on elevator car controls shall be separated 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) minimum and shall
be located either directly below or adjacent to the corresponding raised characters or symbols.
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TECHNICAL
CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
FIGURE 703.3.2
POSITION OF BRAILLE
703.4 Installation Height and Location. Signs with tactile characters shall comply with 703.4.
703.4.1 Height Above Finish Floor or Ground. Tactile characters on signs shall be located 48 inches (1220
mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the lowest tactile character
and 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the
highest tactile character.
EXCEPTION: Tactile characters for elevator car controls shall not be required to comply with 703.4.1.
FIGURE 703.4.1
HEIGHT OF TACTILE CHARACTERS ABOVE FINISH FLOOR OR GROUND
703.4.2 Location. Where a tactile sign is provided at a door, the sign shall be located alongside the door at the
latch side. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with one active leaf, the sign shall be located on the
inactive leaf. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with two active leafs, the sign shall be located to the
right of the right hand door. Where there is no wall space at the latch side of a single door or at the right side of
double doors, signs shall be located on the nearest adjacent wall. Signs containing tactile characters shall be
located so that a clear floor space of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum by 18 inches (455 mm) minimum, centered on
the tactile characters, is provided beyond the arc of any door swing between the closed position and 45 degree
open position.
EXCEPTION: Signs with tactile characters shall be permitted on the push side of doors with closers and
without hold-open devices.
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TECHNICAL
FIGURE 703.4.2
LOCATION OF TACTILE SIGNS AT DOORS
703.5 Visual Characters. Visual characters shall comply with 703.5.
EXCEPTION: Where visual characters comply with 703.2 and are accompanied by braille complying with 703.3,
they shall not be required to comply with 703.5.2 through 703.5.9.
703.5.1 Finish and Contrast. Characters and their background shall have a non-glare finish. Characters shall
contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light
background.
Advisory 703.5.1 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low vision when
characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional factors affecting the
ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background include shadows cast by lighting
sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and its background colors and textures.
703.5.2 Case. Characters shall be uppercase or lowercase or a combination of both.
703.5.3 Style. Characters shall be conventional in form. Characters shall not be italic, oblique, script, highly
decorative, or of other unusual forms.
703.5.4 Character Proportions. Characters shall be selected from fonts where the width of the uppercase letter
“O” is 55 percent minimum and 110 percent maximum of the height of the uppercase letter “I”.
703.5.5 Character Height. Minimum character height shall comply with Table 703.5.5. Viewing distance shall be
measured as the horizontal distance between the character and an obstruction preventing further approach
towards the sign. Character height shall be based on the uppercase letter “I”.
TABLE 703.5.5
VISUAL CHARACTER HEIGHT
HEIGHT TO FINISH FLOOR OR GROUND
FROM BASELINE OF CHARACTER
HORIZONTAL VIEWING
DISTANCE
less than 72 inches (1830 mm)
40 inches (1015 mm) to less than or
equal to
70 inches (1780 mm)
Greater than 70 inches (1780 mm) to
less
than or equal to 120 inches (3050 mm)
72 inches (1830 mm) and
greater
less than 180 inches (4570
mm)
180 inches (4570 mm) and
greater
less than 21 feet (6400 mm)
Greater than 120 inches (3050 mm)
132
21 feet (6400 mm) and greater
MINIMUM CHARACTER HEIGHT
5/8 inch (16 mm)
5/8 inch (16 mm), plus 1/8 inch (3.2
mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing
distance above 72 inches (1830
mm)
2 inches (51 mm)
2 inches (51 mm), plus 1/8 inch (3.2
mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing
distance above 180 inches (4570
mm)
3 inches (75 mm)
3 inches (75 mm), plus 1/8 inch (3.2
mm) per foot (305 mm) of viewing
distance above 21 feet (6400 mm)
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CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
703.5.6 Height From Finish Floor or Ground. Visual characters shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum above
the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTION: Visual characters indicating elevator car controls shall not be required to comply with 703.5.6.
703.5.7 Stroke Thickness. Stroke thickness of the uppercase letter “I” shall be 10 percent minimum and 30
percent maximum of the height of the character.
703.5.8 Character Spacing. Character spacing shall be measured between the two closest points of adjacent
characters, excluding word spaces. Spacing between individual characters shall be 10 percent minimum and 35
percent maximum of character height.
703.5.9 Line Spacing. Spacing between the baselines of separate lines of characters within a message shall be
135 percent minimum and 170 percent maximum of the character height.
703.6 Pictograms. Pictograms shall comply with 703.6.
703.6.1 Pictogram Field. Pictograms shall have a field height of 6 inches (150 mm) minimum. Characters and
braille shall not be located in the pictogram field.
FIGURE 703.6.1
PICTOGRAM FIELD
703.6.2 Finish and Contrast. Pictograms and their field shall have a non-glare finish. Pictograms shall contrast
with their field with either a light pictogram on a dark field or a dark pictogram on a light field.
Advisory 703.6.2 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low vision when
characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional factors affecting the
ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background include shadows cast by lighting
sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and background colors and textures.
703.6.3 Text Descriptors. Pictograms shall have text descriptors located directly below the pictogram field. Text
descriptors shall comply with 703.2, 703.3 and 703.4.
703.7 Symbols of Accessibility. Symbols of accessibility shall comply with 703.7.
703.7.1 Finish and Contrast. Symbols of accessibility and their background shall have a non-glare finish.
Symbols of accessibility shall contrast with their background with either a light symbol on a dark background or a
dark symbol on a light background.
Advisory 703.7.1 Finish and Contrast. Signs are more legible for persons with low vision when
characters contrast as much as possible with their background. Additional factors affecting the
ease with which the text can be distinguished from its background include shadows cast by lighting
sources, surface glare, and the uniformity of the text and background colors and textures.
703.7.2 Symbols.
703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility. The International Symbol of Accessibility shall comply with
Figure 703.7.2.1.
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CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
TECHNICAL
FIGURE 703.7.2.1
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY
703.7.2.2 International Symbol of TTY. The International Symbol of TTY shall comply with Figure 703.7.2.2.
FIGURE 703.7.2.2
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF TTY
703.7.2.3 Volume Control Telephones. Telephones with a volume control shall be identified by a pictogram of
a telephone handset with radiating sound waves on a square field such as shown in Figure 703.7.2.3.
FIGURE 703.7.2.3
VOLUME CONTROL TELEPHONE
703.7.2.4 Assistive Listening Systems. Assistive listening systems shall be identified by the International
Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss complying with Figure 703.7.2.4.
FIGURE 703.7.2.4
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESS FOR HEARING LOSS
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CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
704 TELEPHONES
704.1 General. Public telephones shall comply with 704.
704.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones. Wheelchair accessible telephones shall comply with 704.2.
704.2.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided. The
clear floor or ground space shall not be obstructed by bases, enclosures, or seats.
Advisory 704.2.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Because clear floor and ground space is
required to be unobstructed, telephones, enclosures and related telephone book storage cannot
encroach on the required clear floor or ground space and must comply with the provisions for
protruding objects. (See Section 307).
704.2.1.1 Parallel Approach. Where a parallel approach is provided, the distance from the edge of the
telephone enclosure to the face of the telephone unit shall be 10 inches (255 mm) maximum.
FIGURE 704.2.1.1
PARALLEL APPROACH TO TELEPHONE
704.2.1.2 Forward Approach. Where a forward approach is provided, the distance from the front edge of a
counter within the telephone enclosure to the face of the telephone unit shall be 20 inches (510 mm) maximum.
FIGURE 704.2.1.2
FORWARD APPROACH TO TELEPHONE
704.2.2 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with 309. Telephones shall have push-button controls
where such service is available.
704.2.3 Telephone Directories. Telephone directories, where provided, shall be located in accordance with 309.
704.2.4 Cord Length. The cord from the telephone to the handset shall be 29 inches (735 mm) long minimum.
704.3 Volume Control Telephones. Public telephones required to have volume controls shall be equipped with a
receive volume control that provides a gain adjustable up to 20 dB minimum. For incremental volume control, provide
at least one intermediate step of 12 dB of gain minimum. An automatic reset shall be provided.
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Advisory 704.3 Volume Control Telephones. Amplifiers on pay phones are located in the base
or the handset or are built into the telephone. Most are operated by pressing a button or key. If the
microphone in the handset is not being used, a mute button that temporarily turns off the
microphone can also reduce the amount of background noise which the person hears in the
earpiece. If a volume adjustment is provided that allows the user to set the level anywhere from the
base volume to the upper requirement of 20 dB, there is no need to specify a lower limit. If a
stepped volume control is provided, one of the intermediate levels must provide 12 dB of gain.
Consider compatibility issues when matching an amplified handset with a phone or phone system.
Amplified handsets that can be switched with pay telephone handsets are available. Portable and
in-line amplifiers can be used with some phones but are not practical at most public phones
covered by these requirements.
704.4 TTYs. TTYs required at a public pay telephone shall be permanently affixed within, or adjacent to, the
telephone enclosure. Where an acoustic coupler is used, the telephone cord shall be sufficiently long to allow
connection of the TTY and the telephone receiver.
Advisory 704.4 TTYs. Ensure that sufficient electrical service is available where TTYs are to be
installed.
704.4.1 Height. When in use, the touch surface of TTY keypads shall be 34 inches (865 mm) minimum above the
finish floor.
EXCEPTION: Where seats are provided, TTYs shall not be required to comply with 704.4.1.
Advisory 704.4.1 Height. A telephone with a TTY installed underneath cannot also be a
wheelchair accessible telephone because the required 34 inches (865 mm) minimum keypad
height can cause the highest operable part of the telephone, usually the coin slot, to exceed the
maximum permitted side and forward reach ranges. (See Section 308).
Advisory 704.4.1 Height Exception. While seats are not required at TTYs, reading and typing at
a TTY is more suited to sitting than standing. Facilities that often provide seats at TTY’s include,
but are not limited to, airports and other passenger terminals or stations, courts, art galleries, and
convention centers.
704.5 TTY Shelf. Public pay telephones required to accommodate portable TTYs shall be equipped with a shelf and
an electrical outlet within or adjacent to the telephone enclosure. The telephone handset shall be capable of being
placed flush on the surface of the shelf. The shelf shall be capable of accommodating a TTY and shall have 6 inches
(150 mm) minimum vertical clearance above the area where the TTY is to be placed.
705 DETECTABLE WARNINGS
705.1 General. Detectable warnings shall consist of a surface of truncated domes and shall comply with 705.
FIGURE 705.1
SIZE AND SPACING OF TRUNCATED DOMES
705.1.1 Dome Size. Truncated domes in a detectable warning surface shall have a base diameter of 0.9 inch (23
mm) minimum and 1.4 inches (36 mm) maximum, a top diameter of 50 percent of the base diameter minimum to
65 percent of the base diameter maximum, and a height of 0.2 inch (5.1 mm).
705.1.2 Dome Spacing. Truncated domes in a detectable warning surface shall have a center-to-center spacing
of 1.6 inches (41 mm) minimum and 2.4 inches (61 mm) maximum, and a base-to-base spacing of 0.65 inch (17
mm) minimum, measured between the most adjacent domes on a square grid.
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705.1.3 Contrast. Detectable warning surfaces shall contrast visually with adjacent walking surfaces either lighton-dark, or dark-on-light.
705.2 Platform Edges. Detectable warning surfaces at platform boarding edges shall be 24 inches (610
mm) wide and shall extend the full length of the public use areas of the platform.
706 ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
706.1 General. Assistive listening systems required in assembly areas shall comply with 706.
Advisory 706.1 General. Assistive listening systems are generally categorized by their mode of
transmission. There are hard-wired systems and three types of wireless systems: induction loop,
infrared, and FM radio transmission. Each has different advantages and disadvantages that can
help determine which system is best for a given application. For example, an FM system may be
better than an infrared system in some open-air assemblies since infrared signals are less
effective in sunlight. On the other hand, an infrared system is typically a better choice than an FM
system where confidential transmission is important because it will be contained within a given
space.
The technical standards for assistive listening systems describe minimum performance levels for
volume, interference, and distortion. Sound pressure levels (SPL), expressed in decibels, measure
output sound volume. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N), also expressed in decibels, represents
the relationship between the loudness of a desired sound (the signal) and the background noise in
a space or piece of equipment. The higher the SNR, the more intelligible the signal. The peak
clipping level limits the distortion in signal output produced when high-volume sound waves are
manipulated to serve assistive listening devices.
Selecting or specifying an effective assistive listening system for a large or complex venue
requires assistance from a professional sound engineer. The Access Board has published
technical assistance on assistive listening devices and systems.
706.2 Receiver Jacks. Receivers required for use with an assistive listening system shall include a 1/8 inch (3.2
mm) standard mono jack.
706.3 Receiver Hearing-Aid Compatibility. Receivers required to be hearing-aid compatible shall interface with
telecoils in hearing aids through the provision of neckloops.
Advisory 706.3 Receiver Hearing-Aid Compatibility. Neckloops and headsets that can be worn
as neckloops are compatible with hearing aids. Receivers that are not compatible include earbuds,
which may require removal of hearing aids, earphones, and headsets that must be worn over the
ear, which can create disruptive interference in the transmission and can be uncomfortable for
people wearing hearing aids.
706.4 Sound Pressure Level. Assistive listening systems shall be capable of providing a sound pressure level of
110 dB minimum and 118 dB maximum with a dynamic range on the volume control of 50 dB.
706.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio for internally generated noise in assistive listening systems
shall be 18 dB minimum.
706.6 Peak Clipping Level. Peak clipping shall not exceed 18 dB of clipping relative to the peaks of speech.
707 AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINES AND FARE MACHINES
Advisory 707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines. Interactive transaction machines
(ITMs), other than ATMs, are not covered by Section 707. However, for entities covered by the
ADA, the Department of Justice regulations that implement the ADA provide additional guidance
regarding the relationship between these requirements and elements that are not directly
addressed by these requirements. Federal procurement law requires that ITMs purchased by the
Federal government comply with standards issued by the Access Board under Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. This law covers a variety of products, including computer
hardware and software, web sites, phone systems, fax machines, copiers, and similar
technologies. For more information on Section 508 consult the Access Board’s web site at
www.access-board.gov.
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707.1 General. Automatic teller machines and fare machines shall comply with 707.
Advisory 707.1 General. If farecards have one tactually distinctive corner they can be inserted
with greater accuracy. Token collection devices that are designed to accommodate tokens which
are perforated can allow a person to distinguish more readily between tokens and common coins.
Place accessible gates and fare vending machines in close proximity to other accessible elements
when feasible so the facility is easier to use.
707.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: Clear floor or ground space shall not be required at drive-up only automatic teller machines and
fare machines.
707.3 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with 309. Unless a clear or correct key is provided, each
operable part shall be able to be differentiated by sound or touch, without activation.
EXCEPTION: Drive-up only automatic teller machines and fare machines shall not be required to comply with
309.2 and 309.3.
707.4 Privacy. Automatic teller machines shall provide the opportunity for the same degree of privacy of input and
output available to all individuals.
Advisory 707.4 Privacy. In addition to people who are blind or visually impaired, people with
limited reach who use wheelchairs or have short stature, who cannot effectively block the ATM
screen with their bodies, may prefer to use speech output. Speech output users can benefit from
an option to render the visible screen blank, thereby affording them greater personal security and
privacy.
707.5 Speech Output. Machines shall be speech enabled. Operating instructions and orientation, visible transaction
prompts, user input verification, error messages, and all displayed information for full use shall be accessible to and
independently usable by individuals with vision impairments. Speech shall be delivered through a mechanism that is
readily available to all users, including but not limited to, an industry standard connector or a telephone handset.
Speech shall be recorded or digitized human, or synthesized.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Audible tones shall be permitted instead of speech for visible output that is not displayed for security
purposes, including but not limited to, asterisks representing personal identification numbers.
2. Advertisements and other similar information shall not be required to be audible unless they convey
information that can be used in the transaction being conducted.
3. Where speech synthesis cannot be supported, dynamic alphabetic output shall not be required to be
audible.
Advisory 707.5 Speech Output. If an ATM provides additional functions such as dispensing
coupons, selling theater tickets, or providing copies of monthly statements, all such functions must
be available to customers using speech output. To avoid confusion at the ATM, the method of
initiating the speech mode should be easily discoverable and should not require specialized
training. For example, if a telephone handset is provided, lifting the handset can initiate the speech
mode.
707.5.1 User Control. Speech shall be capable of being repeated or interrupted. Volume control shall be provided
for the speech function.
EXCEPTION: Speech output for any single function shall be permitted to be automatically interrupted when a
transaction is selected.
707.5.2 Receipts. Where receipts are provided, speech output devices shall provide audible balance inquiry
information, error messages, and all other information on the printed receipt necessary to complete or verify the
transaction.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Machine location, date and time of transaction, customer account number, and the machine identifier
shall not be required to be audible.
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2. Information on printed receipts that duplicates information available on-screen shall not be required to be
presented in the form of an audible receipt.
3. Printed copies of bank statements and checks shall not be required to be audible.
707.6 Input. Input devices shall comply with 707.6.
707.6.1 Input Controls. At least one tactilely discernible input control shall be provided for each function. Where
provided, key surfaces not on active areas of display screens, shall be raised above surrounding surfaces. Where
membrane keys are the only method of input, each shall be tactilely discernable from surrounding surfaces and
adjacent keys.
707.6.2 Numeric Keys. Numeric keys shall be arranged in a 12-key ascending or descending telephone keypad
layout. The number five key shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys.
Advisory 707.6.2 Numeric Keys. Telephone keypads and computer keyboards differ in one
significant feature, ascending versus descending numerical order. Both types of keypads are
acceptable, provided the computer-style keypad is organized similarly to the number pad located
at the right on most computer keyboards, and does not resemble the line of numbers located
above the computer keys.
FIGURE 707.6.2
NUMERIC KEY LAYOUT
707.6.3 Function Keys. Function keys shall comply with 707.6.3.
707.6.3.1 Contrast. Function keys shall contrast visually from background surfaces. Characters and symbols
on key surfaces shall contrast visually from key surfaces. Visual contrast shall be either light-on-dark or darkon-light.
EXCEPTION: Tactile symbols required by 707.6.3.2 shall not be required to comply with 707.6.3.1.
707.6.3.2 Tactile Symbols. Function key surfaces shall have tactile symbols as follows: Enter or Proceed key:
raised circle; Clear or Correct key: raised left arrow; Cancel key: raised letter ex; Add Value key: raised plus
sign; Decrease Value key: raised minus sign.
707.7 Display Screen. The display screen shall comply with 707.7.
EXCEPTION: Drive-up only automatic teller machines and fare machines shall not be required to comply with
707.7.1.
707.7.1 Visibility. The display screen shall be visible from a point located 40 inches (1015 mm) above the
center of the clear floor space in front of the machine.
707.7.2 Characters. Characters displayed on the screen shall be in a sans serif font. Characters shall be 3/16
inch (4.8 mm) high minimum based on the uppercase letter “I”. Characters shall contrast with their background
with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light background.
707.8 Braille Instructions. Braille instructions for initiating the speech mode shall be provided. Braille shall comply
with 703.3.
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708 TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
708.1 General. Two-way communication systems shall comply with 708.
Advisory 708.1 General. Devices that do not require handsets are easier to use by people who
have a limited reach.
708.2 Audible and Visual Indicators. The system shall provide both audible and visual signals.
Advisory 708.2 Audible and Visual Indicators. A light can be used to indicate visually that
assistance is on the way. Signs indicating the meaning of visual signals should be provided.
708.3 Handsets. Handset cords, if provided, shall be 29 inches (735 mm) long minimum.
708.4 Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems. Communications systems between a residential
dwelling unit and a site, building, or floor entrance shall comply with 708.4.
708.4.1 Common Use or Public Use System Interface. The common use or public use system interface shall
include the capability of supporting voice and TTY communication with the residential dwelling unit interface.
708.4.2 Residential Dwelling Unit Interface. The residential dwelling unit system interface shall include a
telephone jack capable of supporting voice and TTY communication with the common use or public use system
interface.
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SPECIAL ROOMS, SPACES AND ELEMENTS
801 GENERAL
801.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 8 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
Advisory 801.1 Scope. Facilities covered by these requirements are also subject to the
requirements of the other chapters. For example, 806 addresses guest rooms in transient lodging
facilities while 902 contains the technical specifications for dining surfaces. If a transient lodging
facility contains a restaurant, the restaurant must comply with requirements in other chapters such
as those applicable to certain dining surfaces.
802 WHEELCHAIR SPACES, COMPANION SEATS, AND DESIGNATED AISLE SEATS
802.1 Wheelchair Spaces. Wheelchair spaces shall comply with 802.1.
802.1.1 Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall comply with 302.
Changes in level are not permitted.
EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.
802.1.2 Width. A single wheelchair space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Where two adjacent
wheelchair spaces are provided, each wheelchair space shall be 33 inches (840 mm) wide minimum.
FIGURE 802.1.2
WIDTH OF WHEELCHAIR SPACES IN ASSEMBLY AREAS
802.1.3 Depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered from the front or rear, the wheelchair space shall be 48
inches (1220 mm) deep minimum. Where a wheelchair space can be entered only from the side, the wheelchair
space shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) deep minimum.
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FIGURE 802.1.3
DEPTH OF WHEELCHAIR SPACES IN ASSEMBLY AREAS
802.1.4 Approach. Wheelchair spaces shall adjoin accessible routes. Accessible routes shall not overlap
wheelchair spaces.
Advisory 802.1.4 Approach. Because accessible routes serving wheelchair spaces are not
permitted to overlap the clear floor space at wheelchair spaces, access to any wheelchair space
cannot be through another wheelchair space.
802.1.5 Overlap. Wheelchair spaces shall not overlap circulation paths.
Advisory 802.1.5 Overlap. The term “circulation paths” used in Section 802.1.5 means aisle width
required by applicable building or life safety codes for the specific assembly occupancy. Where the
circulation path provided is wider than the required aisle width, the wheelchair space may intrude
into that portion of the circulation path that is provided in excess of the required aisle width.
802.2 Lines of Sight. Lines of sight to the screen, performance area, or playing field for spectators in wheelchair
spaces shall comply with 802.2.
802.2.1 Lines of Sight Over Seated Spectators. Where spectators are expected to remain seated during
events, spectators in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight complying with 802.2.1.
802.2.1.1 Lines of Sight Over Heads. Where spectators are provided lines of sight over the heads of
spectators seated in the first row in front of their seats, spectators seated in wheelchair spaces shall be
afforded lines of sight over the heads of seated spectators in the first row in front of wheelchair spaces.
FIGURE 802.2.1.1
LINES OF SIGHT OVER THE HEADS OF SEATED SPECTATORS
802.2.1.2 Lines of Sight Between Heads. Where spectators are provided lines of sight over the shoulders and
between the heads of spectators seated in the first row in front of their seats, spectators seated in wheelchair
spaces shall be afforded lines of sight over the shoulders and between the heads of seated spectators in the
first row in front of wheelchair spaces.
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FIGURE 802.2.1.2
LINES OF SIGHT BETWEEN THE HEADS OF SEATED SPECTATORS
802.2.2 Lines of Sight Over Standing Spectators. Where spectators are expected to stand during events,
spectators in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight complying with 802.2.2.
802.2.2.1 Lines of Sight Over Heads. Where standing spectators are provided lines of sight over the heads of
spectators standing in the first row in front of their seats, spectators seated in wheelchair spaces shall be
afforded lines of sight over the heads of standing spectators in the first row in front of wheelchair spaces.
FIGURE 802.2.2.1
LINES OF SIGHT OVER THE HEADS OF STANDING SPECTATORS
802.2.2.2 Lines of Sight Between Heads. Where standing spectators are provided lines of sight over the
shoulders and between the heads of spectators standing in the first row in front of their seats, spectators
seated in wheelchair spaces shall be afforded lines of sight over the shoulders and between the heads of
standing spectators in the first row in front of wheelchair spaces.
FIGURE 802.2.2.2
LINES OF SIGHT BETWEEN THE HEADS OF STANDING SPECTATORS
802.3 Companion Seats. Companion seats shall comply with 802.3.
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802.3.1 Alignment. In row seating, companion seats shall be located to provide shoulder alignment with adjacent
wheelchair spaces. The shoulder alignment point of the wheelchair space shall be measured 36 inches (915 mm)
from the front of the wheelchair space. The floor surface of the companion seat shall be at the same elevation as
the floor surface of the wheelchair space.
802.3.2 Type. Companion seats shall be equivalent in size, quality, comfort, and amenities to the seating in the
immediate area. Companion seats shall be permitted to be movable.
802.4 Designated Aisle Seats. Designated aisle seats shall comply with 802.4.
802.4.1 Armrests. Where armrests are provided on the seating in the immediate area, folding or retractable
armrests shall be provided on the aisle side of the seat.
802.4.2 Identification. Each designated aisle seat shall be identified by a sign or marke
Advisory 802.4.2 Identification. Seats with folding or retractable armrests are intended for use by
individuals who have difficulty walking. Consider identifying such seats with signs that contrast
(light-on-dark or dark-on-light) and that are also photo luminescent.
803 DRESSING, FITTING, AND LOCKER ROOMS
803.1 General. Dressing, fitting, and locker rooms shall comply with 803.
Advisory 803.1 General. Partitions and doors should be designed to ensure people using
accessible dressing and fitting rooms privacy equivalent to that afforded other users of the facility.
Section 903.5 requires dressing room bench seats to be installed so that they are at the same
height as a typical wheelchair seat, 17 inches (430 mm) to 19 inches (485 mm). However,
wheelchair seats can be lower than dressing room benches for people of short stature or children
using wheelchairs.
803.2 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within the room.
803.3 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into the room unless a clear floor or ground space complying with 305.3 is
provided beyond the arc of the door swing.
803.4 Benches. A bench complying with 903 shall be provided within the room.
803.5 Coat Hooks and Shelves. Coat hooks provided within the room shall be located within one of the reach
ranges specified in 308. Shelves shall be 40 inches (1015 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above
the finish floor or ground.
804 KITCHENS AND KITCHENETTES
804.1 General. Kitchens and kitchenettes shall comply with 804.
804.2 Clearance. Where a pass through kitchen is provided, clearances shall comply with 804.2.1. Where a Ushaped kitchen is provided, clearances shall comply with 804.2.2.
EXCEPTION: Spaces that do not provide a cooktop or conventional range shall not be required to comply with
804.2.
Advisory 804.2 Clearance. Clearances are measured from the furthest projecting face of all
opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls, excluding hardware.
804.2.1 Pass Through Kitchen. In pass through kitchens where counters, appliances or cabinets are on two
opposing sides, or where counters, appliances or cabinets are opposite a parallel wall, clearance between all
opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls within kitchen work areas shall be 40 inches (1015
mm) minimum. Pass through kitchens shall have two entries.
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FIGURE 804.2.1
PASS THROUGH KITCHENS
804.2.2 U-Shaped. In U-shaped kitchens enclosed on three contiguous sides, clearance between all opposing
base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls within kitchen work areas shall be 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum.
FIGURE 804.2.2
U-SHAPED KITCHENS
804.3 Kitchen Work Surface. In residential dwelling units required to comply with 809, at least one 30 inches (760
mm) wide minimum section of counter shall provide a kitchen work surface that complies with 804.3.
804.3.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor space complying with 305 positioned for a forward approach
shall be provided. The clear floor or ground space shall be centered on the kitchen work surface and shall provide
knee and toe clearance complying with 306.
EXCEPTION: Cabinetry shall be permitted under the kitchen work surface provided that all of the following
conditions are met:
a. the cabinetry can be removed without removal or replacement of the kitchen work surface;
b. the finish floor extends under the cabinetry; and
c. the walls behind and surrounding the cabinetry are finished.
804.3.2 Height. The kitchen work surface shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
EXCEPTION: A counter that is adjustable to provide a kitchen work surface at variable heights, 29 inches (735
mm) minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) maximum, shall be permitted.
804.3.3 Exposed Surfaces. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under the work surface counters.
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804.4 Sinks. Sinks shall comply with 606.
804.5 Storage. At least 50 percent of shelf space in storage facilities shall comply with 811.
804.6 Appliances. Where provided, kitchen appliances shall comply with 804.6.
804.6.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided at
each kitchen appliance. Clear floor or ground spaces shall be permitted to overlap.
804.6.2 Operable Parts. All appliance controls shall comply with 309.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Appliance doors and door latching devices shall not be required to comply with 309.4.
2. Bottom-hinged appliance doors, when in the open position, shall not be required to comply with 309.3.
804.6.3 Dishwasher. Clear floor or ground space shall be positioned adjacent to the dishwasher door. The
dishwasher door, in the open position, shall not obstruct the clear floor or ground space for the dishwasher or the
sink.
804.6.4 Range or Cooktop. Where a forward approach is provided, the clear floor or ground space shall provide
knee and toe clearance complying with 306. Where knee and toe space is provided, the underside of the range or
cooktop shall be insulated or otherwise configured to prevent burns, abrasions, or electrical shock. The location of
controls shall not require reaching across burners.
804.6.5 Oven. Ovens shall comply with 804.6.5.
804.6.5.1 Side-Hinged Door Ovens. Side-hinged door ovens shall have the work surface required by 804.3
positioned adjacent to the latch side of the oven door.
804.6.5.2 Bottom-Hinged Door Ovens. Bottom-hinged door ovens shall have the work surface required by
804.3 positioned adjacent to one side of the door.
804.6.5.3 Controls. Ovens shall have controls on front panels.
804.6.6 Refrigerator/Freezer. Combination refrigerators and freezers shall have at least 50 percent of the freezer
space 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground. The clear floor or ground space shall be
positioned for a parallel approach to the space dedicated to a refrigerator/freezer with the centerline of the clear
floor or ground space offset 24 inches (610 mm) maximum from the centerline of the dedicated space.
805 MEDICAL CARE AND LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES
805.1 General. Medical care facility and long-term care facility patient or resident sleeping rooms required to provide
mobility features shall comply with 805.
805.2 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within the room.
805.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor space complying with 305 shall be provided on each side of the
bed. The clear floor space shall be positioned for parallel approach to the side of the bed.
805.4 Toilet and Bathing Rooms. Toilet and bathing rooms that are provided as part of a patient or resident
sleeping room shall comply with 603. Where provided, no fewer than one water closet, one lavatory, and one bathtub
or shower shall comply with the applicable requirements of 603 through 610.
806 TRANSIENT LODGING GUEST ROOMS
806.1 General. Transient lodging guest rooms shall comply with 806. Guest rooms required to provide mobility
features shall comply with 806.2. Guest rooms required to provide communication features shall comply with 806.3.
All buildings, structures, or facilities licensed as a hotel, motel or condominium pursuant to chapter 509, F.S., shall
comply with 806.4.
806.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features. Guest rooms required to provide mobility features shall comply with
806.2.
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Advisory 806.2 Guest Rooms. The requirements in Section 806.2 do not include requirements
that are common to all accessible spaces. For example, closets in guest rooms must comply with
the applicable provisions for storage specified in scoping.
806.2.1 Living and Dining Areas. Living and dining areas shall be accessible.
806.2.2 Exterior Spaces. Exterior spaces, including patios, terraces and balconies, that serve the guest room
shall be accessible.
806.2.3 Sleeping Areas. At least one sleeping area shall provide a clear floor space complying with 305 on both
sides of a bed. The clear floor space shall be positioned for parallel approach to the side of the bed.
EXCEPTION: Where a single clear floor space complying with 305 positioned for parallel approach is provided
between two beds, a clear floor or ground space shall not be required on both sides of a bed.
806.2.4 Toilet and Bathing Facilities. At least one bathroom that is provided as part of a guest room shall
comply with 603. No fewer than one water closet, one lavatory, and one bathtub or shower shall comply with
applicable requirements of 603 through 610. In addition, required roll-in shower compartments shall comply with
608.2.2 or 608.2.3. Toilet and bathing fixtures required to comply with 603 through 610 shall be permitted to be
located in more than one toilet or bathing area, provided that travel between fixtures does not require travel
between other parts of the guest room.
806.2.4.1 Vanity Counter Top Space. If vanity counter top space is provided in non-accessible guest toilet or
bathing rooms, comparable vanity counter top space, in terms of size and proximity to the lavatory, shall also
be provided in accessible guest toilet or bathing rooms.
Advisory 806.2.4.1 Vanity Counter Top Space. This provision is intended to ensure that
accessible guest rooms are provided with comparable vanity counter top space.
806.2.5 Kitchens and Kitchenettes. Kitchens and kitchenettes shall comply with 804.
806.2.6 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within the guest room.
806.3 Guest Rooms with Communication Features. Guest rooms required to provide communication features
shall comply with 806.3.
Advisory 806.3 Guest Rooms with Communication Features. In guest rooms required to have
accessible communication features, consider ensuring compatibility with adaptive equipment used
by people with hearing impairments. To ensure communication within the facility, as well as on
commercial lines, provide telephone interface jacks that are compatible with both digital and
analog signal use. If an audio headphone jack is provided on a speaker phone, a cutoff switch can
be included in the jack so that insertion of the jack cuts off the speaker. If a telephone-like handset
is used, the external speakers can be turned off when the handset is removed from the cradle. For
headset or external amplification system compatibility, a standard subminiature jack installed in the
telephone will provide the most flexibility.
806.3.1 Alarms. Where emergency warning systems are provided, alarms complying with 702 shall be provided.
806.3.2 Notification Devices. Visible notification devices shall be provided to alert room occupants of incoming
telephone calls and a door knock or bell. Notification devices shall not be connected to visible alarm signal
appliances. Telephones shall have volume controls compatible with the telephone system and shall comply with
704.3. Telephones shall be served by an electrical outlet complying with 309 located within 48 inches (1220 mm)
of the telephone to facilitate the use of a TTY.
806.4 Hotel, Motel and Condominium Special Accessibility Features. This section does not relieve the owner of
the responsibility of providing accessible rooms in conformance with Section 224 and 806 of this code. In all
buildings, structures and facilities licensed as a hotel, motel or resort condominium pursuant to Chapter 509, F.S., a
number of rooms equaling at least 5 percent of the guest rooms minus the Total Number of Required (accessible)
Rooms required by Table 224.2 shall provide the following additional special accessibility features:
(i) Grab rails in bathrooms and toilet rooms which comply with Section 604.5.
(ii)All beds in designed accessible guest rooms shall be open-frame type that allows the passage of lift devices.
(iii)Water closets that comply with section 604.4.
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807 HOLDING CELLS AND HOUSING CELLS
807.1 General. Holding cells and housing cells shall comply with 807.
807.2 Cells with Mobility Features. Cells required to provide mobility features shall comply with 807.2.
807.2.1 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 shall be provided within the cell.
807.2.2 Benches. Where benches are provided, at least one bench shall comply with 903.
807.2.3 Beds. Where beds are provided, clear floor space complying with 305 shall be provided on at least one
side of the bed. The clear floor space shall be positioned for parallel approach to the side of the bed.
807.2.4 Toilet and Bathing Facilities. Toilet facilities or bathing facilities that are provided as part of a cell shall
comply with 603. Where provided, no fewer than one water closet, one lavatory, and one bathtub or shower shall
comply with the applicable requirements of 603 through 610.
Advisory 807.2.4 Toilet and Bathing Facilities. In holding cells, housing cells, or rooms required
to be accessible, these requirements do not require a separate toilet room.
807.3 Cells with Communication Features. Cells required to provide communication features shall comply with
807.3.
807.3.1 Alarms. Where audible emergency alarm systems are provided to serve the occupants of cells, visible
alarms complying with 702 shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: Visible alarms shall not be required where inmates or detainees are not allowed independent
means of egress.
807.3.2 Telephones. Telephones, where provided within cells, shall have volume controls complying with 704.3.
808 COURTROOMS
808.1 General. Courtrooms shall comply with 808.
808.2 Turning Space. Where provided, areas that are raised or depressed and accessed by ramps or platform lifts
with entry ramps shall provide unobstructed turning space complying with 304.
808.3 Clear Floor Space. Each jury box and witness stand shall have, within its defined area, clear floor space
complying with 305.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, wheelchair spaces are not required to be located within the defined area of raised
jury boxes or witness stands and shall be permitted to be located outside these spaces where ramp or platform lift
access poses a hazard by restricting or projecting into a means of egress required by the appropriate
administrative authority.
808.4 Judges’ Benches and Courtroom Stations. Judges’ benches, clerks’ stations, bailiffs’ stations, deputy
clerks’ stations, court reporters’ stations and litigants’ and counsel stations shall comply with 902.
809 RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS
809.1 General. Residential dwelling units shall comply with 809. Residential dwelling units required to provide
mobility features shall comply with 809.2 through 809.4. Residential dwelling units required to provide
communication features shall comply with 809.5.
809.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes complying with Chapter 4 shall be provided within residential dwelling
units in accordance with 809.2.
EXCEPTION: Accessible routes shall not be required to or within unfinished attics or unfinished basements.
809.2.1 Location. At least one accessible route shall connect all spaces and elements which are a part of the
residential dwelling unit. Where only one accessible route is provided, it shall not pass through bathrooms,
closets, or similar spaces.
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809.2.2 Turning Space. All rooms served by an accessible route shall provide a turning space complying with
304.
EXCEPTION: Turning space shall not be required in exterior spaces 30 inches (760 mm) maximum in depth or
width.
Advisory 809.2.2 Turning Space. It is generally acceptable to use required clearances to provide
wheelchair turning space. For example, in kitchens, 804.3.1 requires at least one work surface with
clear floor space complying with 306 to be centered beneath. If designers elect to provide clear
floor space that is at least 36 inches (915 mm) wide, as opposed to the required 30 inches (760
mm) wide, that clearance can be part of a T-turn, thereby maximizing efficient use of the kitchen
area. However, the overlap of turning space must be limited to one segment of the T-turn so that
back-up maneuvering is not restricted. It would, therefore, be unacceptable to use both the
clearances under the work surface and the sink as part of a T-turn. See Section 304.3.2 regarding
T-turns.
809.3 Kitchen. Where a kitchen is provided, it shall comply with 804.
809.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities. At least one bathroom shall comply with 603. No fewer than one of
each type of fixture provided shall comply with applicable requirements of 603 through 610. Toilet and bathing
fixtures required to comply with 603 through 610 shall be located in the same toilet and bathing area, such that travel
between fixtures does not require travel between other parts of the residential dwelling unit.
Advisory 809.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities. In an effort to promote space efficiency,
vanity counter top space in accessible residential dwelling units is often omitted. This omission
does not promote equal access or equal enjoyment of the unit. Where comparable units have
vanity counter tops, accessible units should also have vanity counter tops located as close as
possible to the lavatory for convenient access to toiletries.
809.5 Residential Dwelling Units with Communication Features. Residential dwelling units required to provide
communication features shall comply with 809.5.
809.5.1 Building Fire Alarm System. Where a building fire alarm system is provided, the system wiring shall be
extended to a point within the residential dwelling unit in the vicinity of the residential dwelling unit smoke
detection system.
809.5.1.1 Alarm Appliances. Where alarm appliances are provided within a residential dwelling unit as part of
the building fire alarm system, they shall comply with 702.
809.5.1.2 Activation. All visible alarm appliances provided within the residential dwelling unit for building fire
alarm notification shall be activated upon activation of the building fire alarm in the portion of the building
containing the residential dwelling unit.
809.5.2 Residential Dwelling Unit Smoke Detection System. Residential dwelling unit smoke detection
systems shall comply with NFPA 72 (1999 or 2002 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced
Standards” in Chapter 1).
809.5.2.1 Activation. All visible alarm appliances provided within the residential dwelling unit for smoke
detection notification shall be activated upon smoke detection.
809.5.3 Interconnection. The same visible alarm appliances shall be permitted to provide notification of
residential dwelling unit smoke detection and building fire alarm activation.
809.5.4 Prohibited Use. Visible alarm appliances used to indicate residential dwelling unit smoke detection or
building fire alarm activation shall not be used for any other purpose within the residential dwelling unit.
809.5.5 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entrance. Communication features shall be provided at the
residential dwelling unit primary entrance complying with 809.5.5.
809.5.5.1 Notification. A hard-wired electric doorbell shall be provided. A button or switch shall be provided
outside the residential dwelling unit primary entrance. Activation of the button or switch shall initiate an audible
tone and visible signal within the residential dwelling unit. Where visible doorbell signals are located in sleeping
areas, they shall have controls to deactivate the signal.
809.5.5.2 Identification. A means for visually identifying a visitor without opening the residential dwelling unit
entry door shall be provided and shall allow for a minimum 180 degree range of view.
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Advisory 809.5.5.2 Identification. In doors, peepholes that include prisms clarify the image and
should offer a wide-angle view of the hallway or exterior for both standing persons and wheelchair
users. Such peepholes can be placed at a standard height and permit a view from several feet
from the door.
809.5.6 Site, Building, or Floor Entrance. Where a system, including a closed-circuit system, permitting voice
communication between a visitor and the occupant of the residential dwelling unit is provided, the system shall
comply with 708.4.
810 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
810.1 General. Transportation facilities shall comply with 810.
810.2 Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas. Bus boarding and alighting areas shall comply with 810.2.
Advisory 810.2 Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas. At bus stops where a shelter is provided,
the bus stop pad can be located either within or outside of the shelter.
810.2.1 Surface. Bus stop boarding and alighting areas shall have a firm, stable surface.
810.2.2 Dimensions. Bus stop boarding and alighting areas shall provide a clear length of 96 inches (2440 mm)
minimum, measured perpendicular to the curb or vehicle roadway edge, and a clear width of 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum, measured parallel to the vehicle roadway.
FIGURE 810.2.2
DIMENSIONS OF BUS BOARDING AND ALIGHTING AREAS
810.2.3 Connection. Bus stop boarding and alighting areas shall be connected to streets, sidewalks, or
pedestrian paths by an accessible route complying with 402.
810.2.4 Slope. Parallel to the roadway, the slope of the bus stop boarding and alighting area shall be the same as
the roadway, to the maximum extent practicable. Perpendicular to the roadway, the slope of the bus stop boarding
and alighting area shall not be steeper than 1:48.
810.3 Bus Shelters. Bus shelters shall provide a minimum clear floor or ground space complying with 305 entirely
within the shelter. Bus shelters shall be connected by an accessible route complying with 402 to a boarding and
alighting area complying with 810.2.
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FIGURE 810.3
BUS SHELTERS
810.4 Bus Signs. Bus route identification signs shall comply with 703.5.1 through 703.5.4, and 703.5.7 and 703.5.8.
In addition, to the maximum extent practicable, bus route identification signs shall comply with 703.5.5.
EXCEPTION: Bus schedules, timetables and maps that are posted at the bus stop or bus bay shall not be
required to comply.
810.5 Rail Platforms. Rail platforms shall comply with 810.5.
810.5.1 Slope. Rail platforms shall not exceed a slope of 1:48 in all directions.
EXCEPTION: Where platforms serve vehicles operating on existing track or track laid in existing roadway, the
slope of the platform parallel to the track shall be permitted to be equal to the slope (grade) of the roadway or
existing track.
810.5.2 Detectable Warnings. Platform boarding edges not protected by platform screens or guards shall have
detectable warnings complying with 705 along the full length of the public use area of the platform.
810.5.3 Platform and Vehicle Floor Coordination. Station platforms shall be positioned to coordinate with
vehicles in accordance with the applicable requirements of 36 CFR Part 1192. Low-level platforms shall be 8
inches (205 mm) minimum above top of rail. In light rail, commuter rail, and intercity rail systems subject to
Department of Transportation regulation 49 CFR 37.21 where it is not operationally or structurally feasible to meet
the horizontal gap or vertical difference requirements of part 1192 or 49 CFR part 38, mini-high platforms, carborne or platform-mounted lifts, ramps or bridge plates or similarly manually deployed devices, meeting the
requirements of 49 CFR part 38, shall suffice.
EXCEPTION: Where vehicles are boarded from sidewalks or street-level, low-level platforms shall be permitted
to be less than 8 inches (205 mm).
Advisory 810.5.3 Platform and Vehicle Floor Coordination. The height and position of a
platform must be coordinated with the floor of the vehicles it serves to minimize the vertical and
horizontal gaps, in accordance with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Transportation Vehicles
(36 CFR Part 1192). The vehicle guidelines, divided by bus, van, light rail, rapid rail, commuter rail,
intercity rail, are available at www.access-board.gov. The preferred alignment is a high platform,
level with the vehicle floor. In some cases, the vehicle guidelines permit use of a low platform in
conjunction with a lift or ramp. Most such low platforms must have a minimum height of eight
inches above the top of the rail. Some vehicles are designed to be boarded from a street or the
sidewalk along the street and the exception permits such boarding areas to be less than eight
inches high.
810.6 Rail Station Signs. Rail station signs shall comply with 810.6.
EXCEPTION: Signs shall not be required to comply with 810.6.1 and 810.6.2 where audible signs are remotely
transmitted to hand-held receivers, or are user- or proximity-actuated.
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Advisory 810.6 Rail Station Signs Exception. Emerging technologies such as an audible sign
system using infrared transmitters and receivers may provide greater accessibility in the transit
environment than traditional Braille and raised letter signs. The transmitters are placed on or next
to print signs and transmit their information to an infrared receiver that is held by a person. By
scanning an area, the person will hear the sign. This means that signs can be placed well out of
reach of Braille readers, even on parapet walls and on walls beyond barriers. Additionally, such
signs can be used to provide way-finding information that cannot be efficiently conveyed on Braille
signs.
810.6.1 Entrances. Where signs identify a station or its entrance, at least one sign at each entrance shall comply
with 703.2 and shall be placed in uniform locations to the maximum extent practicable. Where signs identify a
station that has no defined entrance, at least one sign shall comply with 703.2 and shall be placed in a central
location.
810.6.2 Routes and Destinations. Lists of stations, routes and destinations served by the station which are
located on boarding areas, platforms, or mezzanines shall comply with 703.5. At least one tactile sign identifying
the specific station and complying with 703.2 shall be provided on each platform or boarding area. Signs covered
by this requirement shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be placed in uniform locations within the system.
EXCEPTION: Where sign space is limited, characters shall not be required to exceed 3 inches (75 mm).
Advisory 810.6.2 Routes and Destinations. Route maps are not required to comply with the
informational sign requirements in this code.
810.6.3 Station Names. Stations covered by this section shall have identification signs complying with 703.5.
Signs shall be clearly visible and within the sight lines of standing and sitting passengers from within the vehicle
on both sides when not obstructed by another vehicle.
Advisory 810.6.3 Station Names. It is also important to place signs at intervals in the station
where passengers in the vehicle will be able to see a sign when the vehicle is either stopped at the
station or about to come to a stop in the station. The number of signs necessary may be directly
related to the size of the lettering displayed on the sign.
810.7 Public Address Systems. Where public address systems convey audible information to the public, the same
or equivalent information shall be provided in a visual format.
810.8 Clocks. Where clocks are provided for use by the public, the clock face shall be uncluttered so that its
elements are clearly visible. Hands, numerals and digits shall contrast with the background either light-on-dark or
dark-on-light. Where clocks are installed overhead, numerals and digits shall comply with 703.5.
810.9 Escalators. Where provided, escalators shall comply with the sections 6.1.3.5.6 and 6.1.3.6.5 of ASME A17.1
(incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) and shall have a clear width of 32 inches (815
mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: Existing escalators in key stations shall not be required to comply with 810.9.
810.10 Track Crossings. Where a circulation path serving boarding platforms crosses tracks, it shall comply with
402.
EXCEPTION: Openings for wheel flanges shall be permitted to be 21/2 inches (64 mm) maximum.
FIGURE 810.10 (EXCEPTION)
TRACK CROSSINGS
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811 STORAGE
811.1 General. Storage shall comply with 811.
811.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided.
811.3 Height. Storage elements shall comply with at least one of the reach ranges specified in 308.
811.4 Operable Parts. Operable parts shall comply with 309.
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CHAPTER 9: BUILT-IN ELEMENTS
901 GENERAL
901.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 9 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
902 DINING SURFACES AND WORK SURFACES
902.1 General. Dining surfaces and work surfaces shall comply with 902.2 and 902.3.
EXCEPTION: Dining surfaces and work surfaces for children’s use shall be permitted to comply with 902.4.
Advisory 902.1 General. Dining surfaces include, but are not limited to, bars, tables, lunch
counters, and booths. Examples of work surfaces include writing surfaces, study carrels, student
laboratory stations, baby changing and other tables or fixtures for personal grooming, coupon
counters, and where covered by the ABA scoping provisions, employee work stations.
902.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor space complying with 305 positioned for a forward approach shall
be provided. Knee and toe clearance complying with 306 shall be provided.
902.3 Height. The tops of dining surfaces and work surfaces shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 34 inches
(865 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
902.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces for Children’s Use. Accessible dining surfaces and work surfaces for
children’s use shall comply with 902.4.
EXCEPTION: Dining surfaces and work surfaces that are used primarily by children 5 years and younger shall not
be required to comply with 902.4 where a clear floor or ground space complying with 305 positioned for a parallel
approach is provided.
902.4.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor space complying with 305 positioned for forward approach
shall be provided. Knee and toe clearance complying with 306 shall be provided, except that knee clearance 24
inches (610 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground shall be permitted.
902.4.2 Height. The tops of tables and counters shall be 26 inches (660 mm) minimum and 30 inches (760
mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.
903 BENCHES
903.1 General. Benches shall comply with 903.
903.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided and shall be
positioned at the end of the bench seat and parallel to the short axis of the bench.
903.3 Size. Benches shall have seats that are 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum and 20 inches (510 mm) deep
minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) deep maximum.
903.4 Back Support. The bench shall provide for back support or shall be affixed to a wall. Back support shall be 42
inches (1065 mm) long minimum and shall extend from a point 2 inches (51 mm) maximum above the seat surface to
a point 18 inches (455 mm) minimum above the seat surface. Back support shall be 21/2 inches (64 mm) maximum
from the rear edge of the seat measured horizontally.
Advisory 903.4 Back Support. To assist in transferring to the bench, consider providing grab
bars on a wall adjacent to the bench, but not on the seat back. If provided, grab bars cannot
obstruct transfer to the bench.
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FIGURE 903.4
BENCH BACK SUPPORT
903.5 Height. The top of the bench seat surface shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum above the finish floor or ground.
903.6 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a vertical or
horizontal force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting device, or supporting
structure.
903.7 Wet Locations. Where installed in wet locations, the surface of the seat shall be slip resistant and shall not
accumulate water.
904 CHECK-OUT AISLES AND SALES AND SERVICE COUNTERS
904.1 General. Check-out aisles and sales and service counters shall comply with the applicable requirements of
904.
904.2 Approach. All portions of counters required to comply with 904 shall be located adjacent to a walking surface
complying with 403.
Advisory 904.2 Approach. If a cash register is provided at the sales or service counter, locate the
accessible counter close to the cash register so that a person using a wheelchair is visible to sales
or service personnel and to minimize the reach for a person with a disability.
904.3 Check-Out Aisles. Check-out aisles shall comply with 904.3.
904.3.1 Aisle. Aisles shall comply with 403.
904.3.2 Counter. The counter surface height shall be 38 inches (965 mm) maximum above the finish floor or
ground. The top of the counter edge protection shall be 2 inches (51 mm) maximum above the top of the counter
surface on the aisle side of the check-out counter.
FIGURE 904.3.2
CHECK-OUT AISLE COUNTERS
904.3.3 Check Writing Surfaces. Where provided, check writing surfaces shall comply with 902.3.
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904.4 Sales and Service Counters. Sales counters and service counters shall comply with 904.4.1 or 904.4.2.
The accessible portion of the counter top shall extend the same depth as the sales or service counter top.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, when the provision of a counter complying with 904.4 would result in a reduction of
the number of existing counters at work stations or a reduction of the number of existing mail boxes, the
counter shall be permitted to have a portion which is 24 inches (610 mm) long minimum complying with 904.4.1
provided that the required clear floor or ground space is centered on the accessible length of the counter.
FIGURE 904.4 (EXCEPTION)
ALTERATION OF SALES AND SERVICE COUNTERS
904.4.1 Parallel Approach. A portion of the counter surface that is 36 inches (915 mm) long minimum and 36
inches (915 mm) high maximum above the finish floor shall be provided. A clear floor or ground space complying
with 305 shall be positioned for a parallel approach adjacent to the 36 inch (915 mm) minimum length of counter.
EXCEPTION: Where the provided counter surface is less than 36 inches (915 mm) long, the entire counter
surface shall be 36 inches (915 mm) high maximum above the finish floor.
904.4.2 Forward Approach. A portion of the counter surface that is 30 inches (760 mm) long minimum and 36
inches (915 mm) high maximum shall be provided. Knee and toe space complying with 306 shall be provided
under the counter. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be positioned for a forward approach to
the counter.
904.5 Food Service Lines. Counters in food service lines shall comply with 904.5.
904.5.1 Self-Service Shelves and Dispensing Devices. Self-service shelves and dispensing devices for
tableware, dishware, condiments, food and beverages shall comply with 308.
904.5.2 Tray Slides. The tops of tray slides shall be 28 inches (710 mm) minimum and 34 inches (865 mm)
maximum above the finish floor or ground.
904.6 Security Glazing. Where counters or teller windows have security glazing to separate personnel from the
public, a method to facilitate voice communication shall be provided. Telephone handset devices, if provided, shall
comply with 704.3.
Advisory 904.6 Security Glazing. Assistive listening devices complying with 706 can facilitate
voice communication at counters or teller windows where there is security glazing which promotes
distortion in audible information. Where assistive listening devices are installed, place signs
complying with 703.7.2.4 to identify those facilities which are so equipped. Other voice
communication methods include, but are not limited to, grilles, slats, talk-through baffles,
intercoms, or telephone handset devices.
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CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES
1001 GENERAL
1001.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply where required by Chapter 2 or where referenced by a
requirement in this code.
Advisory 1001.1 Scope. Unless otherwise modified or specifically addressed in Chapter 10, all
other ADAAG provisions apply to the design and construction of recreation facilities and elements.
The provisions in Section 1001.1 apply wherever these elements are provided. For example, office
buildings may contain a room with exercise equipment to which these sections would apply.
1002 AMUSEMENT RIDES
1002.1 General. Amusement rides shall comply with 1002.
1002.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving amusement rides shall comply with Chapter 4.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In load or unload areas and on amusement rides, where compliance with 405.2 is not structurally or
operationally feasible, ramp slope shall be permitted to be 1:8 maximum.
2. In load or unload areas and on amusement rides, handrails provided along walking surfaces complying with
403 and required on ramps complying with 405 shall not be required to comply with 505 where compliance is
not structurally or operationally feasible.
Advisory 1002.2 Accessible Routes Exception 1. Steeper slopes are permitted on accessible
routes connecting the amusement ride in the load and unload position where it is “structurally or
operationally infeasible.” In most cases, this will be limited to areas where the accessible route
leads directly to the amusement ride and where there are space limitations on the ride, not the
queue line. Where possible, the least possible slope should be used on the accessible route that
serves the amusement ride.
1002.3 Load and Unload Areas. A turning space complying with 304.2 and 304.3 shall be provided in load and
unload areas.
1002.4 Wheelchair Spaces in Amusement Rides. Wheelchair spaces in amusement rides shall comply with
1002.4.
1002.4.1 Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall be stable and firm.
1002.4.2 Slope. The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 when
in the load and unload position.
1002.4.3 Gaps. Floors of amusement rides with wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas shall be
coordinated so that, when amusement rides are at rest in the load and unload position, the vertical difference
between the floors shall be within plus or minus 5/8 inches (16 mm) and the horizontal gap shall be 3 inches (75
mm) maximum under normal passenger load conditions.
EXCEPTION: Where compliance is not operationally or structurally feasible, ramps, bridge plates, or similar
devices complying with the applicable requirements of 36 CFR 1192.83(c) shall be provided.
Advisory 1002.4.3 Gaps Exception. 36 CFR 1192.83(c) ADA Accessibility Guidelines for
Transportation Vehicles – Light Rail Vehicles and Systems – Mobility Aid Accessibility is available
at www.access-board.gov. It includes provisions for bridge plates and ramps that can be used at
gaps between wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas.
1002.4.4 Clearances. Clearances for wheelchair spaces shall comply with 1002.4.4.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where provided, securement devices shall be permitted to overlap required clearances.
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TECHNICAL
2. Wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be mechanically or manually repositioned.
3. Wheelchair spaces shall not be required to comply with 307.4.
Advisory 1002.4.4 Clearances Exception 3. This exception for protruding objects applies to the
ride devices, not to circulation areas or accessible routes in the queue lines or the load and unload
areas.
1002.4.4.1 Width and Length. Wheelchair spaces shall provide a clear width of 30 inches (760 mm) minimum
and a clear length of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum measured to 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the floor
surface.
1002.4.4.2 Side Entry. Where wheelchair spaces are entered only from the side, amusement rides shall be
designed to permit sufficient maneuvering clearance for individuals using a wheelchair or mobility aid to enter
and exit the ride.
Advisory 1002.4.4.2 Side Entry. The amount of clear space needed within the ride, and the size
and position of the opening are interrelated. A 32 inch (815 mm) clear opening will not provide
sufficient width when entered through a turn into an amusement ride. Additional space for
maneuvering and a wider door will be needed where a side opening is centered on the ride. For
example, where a 42 inch (1065 mm) opening is provided, a minimum clear space of 60 inches
(1525 mm) in length and 36 inches (915 mm) in depth is needed to ensure adequate space for
maneuvering.
1002.4.4.3 Permitted Protrusions in Wheelchair Spaces. Objects are permitted to protrude a distance of 6
inches (150 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space, where located 9 inches (230 mm) minimum
and 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space. Objects are
permitted to protrude a distance of 25 inches (635 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space,
where located more than 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space.
FIGURE 1002.4.4.3
PROTRUSIONS IN WHEELCHAIR SPACES IN AMUSEMENT RIDES
1002.4.5 Ride Entry. Openings providing entry to wheelchair spaces on amusement rides shall be 32 inches (815
mm) minimum clear.
1002.4.6 Approach. One side of the wheelchair space shall adjoin an accessible route when in the load and
unload position.
1002.4.7 Companion Seats. Where the interior width of the amusement ride is greater than 53 inches (1345
mm), seating is provided for more than one rider, and the wheelchair is not required to be centered within the
amusement ride, a companion seat shall be provided for each wheelchair space.
1002.4.7.1 Shoulder-to-Shoulder Seating. Where an amusement ride provides shoulder-to-shoulder seating,
companion seats shall be shoulder-to-shoulder with the adjacent wheelchair space.
EXCEPTION: Where shoulder-to-shoulder companion seating is not operationally or structurally feasible,
compliance with this requirement shall be required to the maximum extent practicable.
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1002.5 Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer. Amusement ride seats designed for transfer shall comply
with 1002.5 when positioned for loading and unloading.
Advisory 1002.5 Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer. The proximity of the clear
floor or ground space next to an element and the height of the element one is transferring to are
both critical for a safe and independent transfer. Providing additional clear floor or ground space
both in front of and diagonal to the element will provide flexibility and will increase usability for a
more diverse population of individuals with disabilities. Ride seats designed for transfer should
involve only one transfer. Where possible, designers are encouraged to locate the ride seat no
higher than 17 to 19 inches (430 to 485 mm) above the load and unload surface. Where greater
distances are required for transfers, providing gripping surfaces, seat padding, and avoiding sharp
objects in the path of transfer will facilitate the transfer.
1002.5.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided in
the load and unload area adjacent to the amusement ride seats designed for transfer.
1002.5.2 Transfer Height. The height of amusement ride seats designed for transfer shall be 14 inches (355 mm)
minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum measured from the surface of the load and unload area.
1002.5.3 Transfer Entry. Where openings are provided for transfer to amusement ride seats, the openings shall
provide clearance for transfer from a wheelchair or mobility aid to the amusement ride seat.
1002.5.4 Wheelchair Storage Space. Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 305 shall be provided in or
adjacent to unload areas for each required amusement ride seat designed for transfer and shall not overlap any
required means of egress or accessible route.
1002.6 Transfer Devices for Use with Amusement Rides. Transfer devices for use with amusement rides shall
comply with 1002.6 when positioned for loading and unloading.
Advisory 1002.6 Transfer Devices for Use with Amusement Rides. Transfer devices for use
with amusement rides should permit individuals to make independent transfers to and from their
wheelchairs or mobility devices. There are a variety of transfer devices available that could be
adapted to provide access onto an amusement ride. Examples of devices that may provide for
transfers include, but are not limited to, transfer systems, lifts, mechanized seats, and custom
designed systems. Operators and designers have flexibility in developing designs that will facilitate
individuals to transfer onto amusement rides. These systems or devices should be designed to be
reliable and sturdy.
Designs that limit the number of transfers required from a wheelchair or mobility device to the ride
seat are encouraged. When using a transfer device to access an amusement ride, the least
number of transfers and the shortest distance is most usable. Where possible, designers are
encouraged to locate the transfer device seat no higher than 17 to 19 inches (430 to 485 mm)
above the load and unload surface. Where greater distances are required for transfers, providing
gripping surfaces, seat padding, and avoiding sharp objects in the path of transfer will facilitate the
transfer. Where a series of transfers are required to reach the amusement ride seat, each vertical
transfer should not exceed 8 inches (205 mm).
1002.6.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided in
the load and unload area adjacent to the transfer device.
1002.6.2 Transfer Height. The height of transfer device seats shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 24
inches (610 mm) maximum measured from the load and unload surface.
1002.6.3 Wheelchair Storage Space. Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 305 shall be provided in or
adjacent to unload areas for each required transfer device and shall not overlap any required means of egress or
accessible route.
1003 RECREATIONAL BOATING FACILITIES
1003.1 General. Recreational boating facilities shall comply with 1003.
1003.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving recreational boating facilities, including gangways and
floating piers, shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified by the exceptions in 1003.2.
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TECHNICAL
1003.2.1 Boat Slips. Accessible routes serving boat slips shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1003.2.1.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where an existing gangway or series of gangways is replaced or altered, an increase in the length of
the gangway shall not be required to comply with 1003.2 unless required by 202.4.
2. Gangways shall not be required to comply with the maximum rise specified in 405.6.
3. Where the total length of a gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible
route is 80 feet (24 m) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.
4. Where facilities contain fewer than 25 boat slips and the total length of the gangway or series of
gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is 30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways
shall not be required to comply with 405.2.
5. Where gangways connect to transition plates, landings specified by 405.7 shall not be required.
6. Where gangways and transition plates connect and are required to have handrails, handrail extensions
shall not be required. Where handrail extensions are provided on gangways or transition plates, the
handrail extensions shall not be required to be parallel with the ground or floor surface.
7. The cross slope specified in 403.3 and 405.3 for gangways, transition plates, and floating piers that are
part of accessible routes shall be measured in the static position.
8. Changes in level complying with 303.3 and 303.4 shall be permitted on the surfaces of gangways and
boat launch ramps.
Advisory 1003.2.1 Boat Slips Exception 3. The following example shows how exception 3 would
be applied: A gangway is provided to a floating pier which is required to be on an accessible route.
The vertical distance is 10 feet (3050 mm) between the elevation where the gangway departs the
landside connection and the elevation of the pier surface at the lowest water level. Exception 3
permits the gangway to be 80 feet (24 m) long. Another design solution would be to have two 40
foot (12 m) plus continuous gangways joined together at a float, where the float (as the water level
falls) will stop dropping at an elevation five feet below the landside connection. The length of
transition plates would not be included in determining if the gangway(s) meet the requirements of
the exception.
1003.2.2 Boarding Piers at Boat Launch Ramps. Accessible routes serving boarding piers at boat launch
ramps shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1003.2.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Accessible routes serving floating boarding piers shall be permitted to use Exceptions 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in
1003.2.1.
2. Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible
route is 30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.
3. Where the accessible route serving a floating boarding pier or skid pier is located within a boat launch
ramp, the portion of the accessible route located within the boat launch ramp shall not be required to
comply with 405.
1003.3 Clearances. Clearances at boat slips and on boarding piers at boat launch ramps shall comply with 1003.3.
Advisory 1003.3 Clearances. Although the minimum width of the clear pier space is 60 inches
(1525 mm), it is recommended that piers be wider than 60 inches (1525 mm) to improve the safety
for persons with disabilities, particularly on floating piers.
1003.3.1 Boat Slip Clearance. Boat slips shall provide clear pier space 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and
at least as long as the boat slips. Each 10 feet (3050 mm) maximum of linear pier edge serving boat slips shall
contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Clear pier space shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum for a length of 24 inches (610
mm) maximum, provided that multiple 36 inch (915 mm) wide segments are separated by segments that
are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
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2. Edge protection shall be permitted at the continuous clear openings, provided that it is 4 inches (100 mm)
high maximum and 2 inches (51 mm) wide maximum.
3. In existing piers, clear pier space shall be permitted to be located perpendicular to the boat slip and shall
extend the width of the boat slip, where the facility has at least one boat slip complying with 1003.3, and
further compliance with 1003.3 would result in a reduction in the number of boat slips available or result in
a reduction of the widths of existing slips.
Advisory 1003.3.1 Boat Slip Clearance Exception 3. Where the conditions in exception 3 are
satisfied, existing facilities are only required to have one accessible boat slip with a pier clearance
which runs the length of the slip. All other accessible slips are allowed to have the required pier
clearance at the head of the slip. Under this exception, at piers with perpendicular boat slips, the
width of most “finger piers” will remain unchanged. However, where mooring systems for floating
piers are replaced as part of pier alteration projects, an opportunity may exist for increasing
accessibility. Piers may be reconfigured to allow an increase in the number of wider finger piers,
and serve as accessible boat slips.
FIGURE 1003.3.1
BOAT SLIP CLEARANCE
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TECHNICAL
FIGURE 1003.3.1 (EXCEPTION 1)
CLEAR PIER SPACE REDUCTION AT BOAT SLIPS
FIGURE 1003.3.1 (EXCEPTION 2)
EDGE PROTECTION AT BOAT SLIPS
1003.3.2 Boarding Pier Clearances. Boarding piers at boat launch ramps shall provide clear pier space 60
inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and shall extend the full length of the boarding pier. Every 10 feet (3050 mm)
maximum of linear pier edge shall contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 inches (1525 mm) wide
minimum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. The clear pier space shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum for a length of 24 inches
(610 mm) maximum provided that multiple 36 inch (915 mm) wide segments are separated by segments
that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long minimum.
2. Edge protection shall be permitted at the continuous clear openings provided that it is 4 inches (100 mm)
high maximum and 2 inches (51 mm) wide maximum.
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Advisory 1003.3.2 Boarding Pier Clearances. These requirements do not establish a minimum
length for accessible boarding piers at boat launch ramps. The accessible boarding pier should
have a length at least equal to that of other boarding piers provided at the facility. If no other
boarding pier is provided, the pier would have a length equal to what would have been provided if
no access requirements applied. The entire length of accessible boarding piers would be required
to comply with the same technical provisions that apply to accessible boat slips. For example, at a
launch ramp, if a 20 foot (6100 mm) long accessible boarding pier is provided, the entire 20 feet
(6100 mm) must comply with the pier clearance requirements in 1003.3. Likewise, if a 60 foot (18
m) long accessible boarding pier is provided, the pier clearance requirements in 1003.3 would
apply to the entire 60 feet (18 m).
The following example applies to a boat launch ramp boarding pier: A chain of floats is provided on
a launch ramp to be used as a boarding pier which is required to be accessible by 1003.3.2. At
high water, the entire chain is floating and a transition plate connects the first float to the surface of
the launch ramp. As the water level decreases, segments of the chain end up resting on the launch
ramp surface, matching the slope of the launch ramp.
FIGURE 1003.3.2
BOARDING PIER CLEARANCE
FIGURE 1003.3.2 (EXCEPTION 1)
CLEAR PIER SPACE REDUCTION AT BOARDING PIERS
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TECHNICAL
FIGURE 1003.3.2 (EXCEPTION 2)
EDGE PROTECTION AT BOARDING PIERS
1004 EXERCISE MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
1004.1 Clear Floor Space. Exercise machines and equipment shall have a clear floor space complying with 305
positioned for transfer or for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair. Clear floor or ground spaces required at
exercise machines and equipment shall be permitted to overlap.
Advisory 1004.1 Clear Floor Space. One clear floor or ground space is permitted to be shared
between two pieces of exercise equipment. To optimize space use, designers should carefully
consider layout options such as connecting ends of the row and center aisle spaces. The position
of the clear floor space may vary greatly depending on the use of the equipment or machine. For
example, to provide access to a shoulder press machine, clear floor space next to the seat would
be appropriate to allow for transfer. Clear floor space for a bench press machine designed for use
by an individual seated in a wheelchair, however, will most likely be centered on the operating
mechanisms.
1005 FISHING PIERS AND PLATFORMS
1005.1 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving fishing piers and platforms, including gangways and floating
piers, shall comply with Chapter 4.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Accessible routes serving floating fishing piers and platforms shall be permitted to use Exceptions 1, 2, 5, 6,
7 and 8 in 1003.2.1.
2. Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is
30 feet (9145 mm) minimum, gangways shall not be required to comply with 405.2.
1005.2 Railings. Where provided, railings, guards, or handrails shall comply with 1005.2.
1005.2.1 Height. At least 25 percent of the railings, guards, or handrails shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum
above the ground or deck surface.
EXCEPTION: Where a guard complying with sections 1003.2.12.1 and 1003.2.12.2 of the International
Building Code (2000 edition) or sections 1012.2 and 1012.3 of the International Building Code (2003 edition)
(incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) is provided, the guard shall not be
required to comply with 1005.2.1.
1005.2.1.1 Dispersion. Railings, guards, or handrails required to comply with 1005.2.1 shall be dispersed
throughout the fishing pier or platform.
Advisory 1005.2.1.1 Dispersion. Portions of the railings that are lowered to provide fishing
opportunities for persons with disabilities must be located in a variety of locations on the fishing
pier or platform to give people a variety of locations to fish. Different fishing locations may provide
varying water depths, shade (at certain times of the day), vegetation, and proximity to the shoreline
or bank.
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1005.3 Edge Protection. Where railings, guards, or handrails complying with 1005.2 are provided, edge protection
complying with 1005.3.1 or 1005.3.2 shall be provided.
Advisory 1005.3 Edge Protection. Edge protection is required only where railings, guards, or
handrails are provided on a fishing pier or platform. Edge protection will prevent wheelchairs or
other mobility devices from slipping off the fishing pier or platform. Extending the deck of the
fishing pier or platform 12 inches (305 mm) where the 34 inch (865 mm) high railing is provided is
an alternative design, permitting individuals using wheelchairs or other mobility devices to pull into
a clear space and move beyond the face of the railing. In such a design, curbs or barriers are not
required.
1005.3.1 Curb or Barrier. Curbs or barriers shall extend 2 inches (51 mm) minimum above the surface of the
fishing pier or platform.
1005.3.2 Extended Ground or Deck Surface. The ground or deck surface shall extend 12 inches (305 mm)
minimum beyond the inside face of the railing. Toe clearance shall be provided and shall be 30 inches (760 mm)
wide minimum and 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the ground or deck surface beyond the railing.
FIGURE 1005.3.2
EXTENDED GROUND OR DECK SURFACE AT FISHING PIERS AND PLATFORMS
1005.4 Clear Floor or Ground Space. At each location where there are railings, guards, or handrails complying with
1005.2.1, a clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided. Where there are no railings, guards, or
handrails, at least one clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided on the fishing pier or
platform.
1005.5 Turning Space. At least one turning space complying with 304.3 shall be provided on fishing piers and
platforms.
1006 GOLF FACILITIES
1006.1 General. Golf facilities shall comply with 1006.
1006.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving teeing grounds, practice teeing grounds, putting greens,
practice putting greens, teeing stations at driving ranges, course weather shelters, golf car rental areas, bag drop
areas, and course toilet rooms shall comply with Chapter 4 and shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide minimum. Where
handrails are provided, accessible routes shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum.
EXCEPTION: Handrails shall not be required on golf courses. Where handrails are provided on golf courses, the
handrails shall not be required to comply with 505.
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Advisory 1006.2 Accessible Routes. The 48 inch (1220 mm) minimum width for the accessible
route is necessary to ensure passage of a golf car on either the accessible route or the golf car
passage. This is important where the accessible route is used to connect the golf car rental area,
bag drop areas, practice putting greens, practice teeing grounds, course toilet rooms, and course
weather shelters. These are areas outside the boundary of the golf course, but are areas where an
individual using an adapted golf car may travel. A golf car passage may not be substituted for other
accessible routes to be located outside the boundary of the course. For example, an accessible
route connecting an accessible parking space to the entrance of a golf course clubhouse is not
covered by this provision.
Providing a golf car passage will permit a person that uses a golf car to practice driving a golf ball
from the same position and stance used when playing the game. Additionally, the space required
for a person using a golf car to enter and maneuver within the teeing stations required to be
accessible should be considered.
1006.3 Golf Car Passages. Golf car passages shall comply with 1006.3.
1006.3.1 Clear Width. The clear width of golf car passages shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.
1006.3.2 Barriers. Where curbs or other constructed barriers prevent golf cars from entering a fairway, openings
60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum shall be provided at intervals not to exceed 75 yards (69 m).
1006.4 Weather Shelters. A clear floor or ground space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 96 inches (2440 mm)
minimum shall be provided within weather shelters.
1007 MINIATURE GOLF FACILITIES
1007.1 General. Miniature golf facilities shall comply with 1007.
1007.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving holes on miniature golf courses shall comply with Chapter 4.
Accessible routes located on playing surfaces of miniature golf holes shall be permitted to use the exceptions in
1007.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Playing surfaces shall not be required to comply with 302.2.
2. Where accessible routes intersect playing surfaces of holes, a 1 inch (25 mm) maximum curb shall be
permitted for a width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.
3. A slope not steeper than 1:4 for a 4 inch (100 mm) maximum rise shall be permitted.
4. Ramp landing slopes specified by 405.7.1 shall be permitted to be 1:20 maximum.
5. Ramp landing length specified by 405.7.3 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.
6. Ramp landing size specified by 405.7.4 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches
(1525 mm) minimum.
7. Handrails shall not be required on holes. Where handrails are provided on holes, the handrails shall not be
required to comply with 505.
1007.3 Miniature Golf Holes. Miniature golf holes shall comply with 1007.3.
1007.3.1 Start of Play. A clear floor or ground space 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum with slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the start of play.
1007.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area. All areas within holes where golf balls rest shall be within 36 inches (915
mm) maximum of a clear floor or ground space 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) long
minimum having a running slope not steeper than 1:20. The clear floor or ground space shall be served by an
accessible route.
Advisory 1007.3.2 Golf Club Reach Range Area. The golf club reach range applies to all holes
required to be accessible. This includes accessible routes provided adjacent to or, where provided,
on the playing surface of the hole.
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FIGURE 1007.3.2
GOLF CLUB REACH RANGE AREA
1008 PLAY AREAS
1008.1 General. Play areas shall comply with 1008.
1008.2 Accessible Routes. Accessible routes serving play areas shall comply with Chapter 4 and 1008.2 and shall
be permitted to use the exceptions in 1008.2.1 through 1008.2.3. Where accessible routes serve ground level play
components, the vertical clearance shall be 80 inches high (2030 mm) minimum.
1008.2.1 Ground Level and Elevated Play Components. Accessible routes serving ground level play
components and elevated play components shall be permitted to use the exceptions in 1008.2.1.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to connect elevated play components except
where 20 or more elevated play components are provided no more than 25 percent of the elevated play
components shall be permitted to be connected by transfer systems.
2. Where transfer systems are provided, an elevated play component shall be permitted to connect to
another elevated play component as part of an accessible route.
1008.2.2 Soft Contained Play Structures. Accessible routes serving soft contained play structures shall be
permitted to use the exception in 1008.2.2.
EXCEPTION: Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to be used as part of an accessible
route.
1008.2.3 Water Play Components. Accessible routes serving water play components shall be permitted to use
the exceptions in 1008.2.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where the surface of the accessible route, clear floor or ground spaces, or turning spaces serving water
play components is submerged, compliance with 302, 403.3, 405.2, 405.3, and 1008.2.6 shall not be
required.
2. Transfer systems complying with 1008.3 shall be permitted to connect elevated play components in
water.
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Advisory 1008.2.3 Water Play Components. Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not
be appropriate for submerging in water when using play components in water. Some may have
batteries, motors, and electrical systems that when submerged in water may cause damage to the
personal mobility device or wheelchair or may contaminate the water. Providing an aquatic
wheelchair made of non-corrosive materials and designed for access into the water will protect the
water from contamination and avoid damage to personal wheelchairs.
1008.2.4 Clear Width. Accessible routes connecting play components shall provide a clear width complying with
1008.2.4.
1008.2.4.1 Ground Level. At ground level, the clear width of accessible routes shall be 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In play areas less than 1000 square feet (93 m2), the clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted
to be 44 inches (1120 mm) minimum, if at least one turning space complying with 304.3 is provided
where the restricted accessible route exceeds 30 feet (9145 mm) in length.
2. The clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum for a
distance of 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum provided that multiple reduced width segments are
separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) wide minimum and 60 inches (1525 mm) long
minimum.
1008.2.4.2 Elevated. The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be 36
inches (915 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be permitted to be
reduced to 32 inches (815 mm) minimum for a distance of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that
reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum and
36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum.
2. The clear width of transfer systems connecting elevated play components shall be permitted to be 24
inches (610 mm) minimum.
1008.2.5 Ramps. Within play areas, ramps connecting ground level play components and ramps connecting
elevated play components shall comply with 1008.2.5.
1008.2.5.1 Ground Level. Ramp runs connecting ground level play components shall have a running slope not
steeper than 1:16.
1008.2.5.2 Elevated. The rise for any ramp run connecting elevated play components shall be 12 inches (305
mm) maximum.
1008.2.5.3 Handrails. Where required on ramps serving play components, the handrails shall comply with 505
except as modified by 1008.2.5.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Handrails shall not be required on ramps located within ground level use zones.
2. Handrail extensions shall not be required.
1008.2.5.3.1 Handrail Gripping Surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall
have an outside diameter of 0.95 inch (24 mm) minimum and 1.55 inches (39 mm) maximum. Where the
shape of the gripping surface is non-circular, the handrail shall provide an equivalent gripping surface.
1008.2.5.3.2 Handrail Height. The top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum
and 28 inches (710 mm) maximum above the ramp surface.
1008.2.6 Ground Surfaces. Ground surfaces on accessible routes, clear floor or ground spaces, and turning
spaces shall comply with 1008.2.6.
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Advisory 1008.2.6 Ground Surfaces. Ground surfaces must be inspected and maintained
regularly to ensure continued compliance with the ASTM F 1951 standard. The type of surface
material selected and play area use levels will determine the frequency of inspection and
maintenance activities.
1008.2.6.1 Accessibility. Ground surfaces shall comply with ASTM F 1951 (incorporated by reference, see
“Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1). Ground surfaces shall be inspected and maintained regularly and
frequently to ensure continued compliance with ASTM F 1951.
1008.2.6.2 Use Zones. Ground surfaces located within use zones shall comply with ASTM F 1292 (1999
edition or 2004 edition) (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1).
1008.3 Transfer Systems. Where transfer systems are provided to connect to elevated play components, transfer
systems shall comply with 1008.3.
Advisory 1008.3 Transfer Systems. Where transfer systems are provided, consideration should
be given to the distance between the transfer system and the elevated play components. Moving
between a transfer platform and a series of transfer steps requires extensive exertion for some
children. Designers should minimize the distance between the points where a child transfers from
a wheelchair or mobility device and where the elevated play components are located. Where
elevated play components are used to connect to another elevated play component instead of an
accessible route, careful consideration should be used in the selection of the play components
used for this purpose.
1008.3.1 Transfer Platforms. Transfer platforms shall be provided where transfer is intended from wheelchairs or
other mobility aids. Transfer platforms shall comply with 1008.3.1.
FIGURE 1008.3.1
TRANSFER PLATFORMS
1008.3.1.1 Size. Transfer platforms shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep minimum and 24
inches (610 mm) wide minimum.
1008.3.1.2 Height. The height of transfer platforms shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 18 inches (455
mm) maximum measured to the top of the surface from the ground or floor surface.
1008.3.1.3 Transfer Space. A transfer space complying with 305.2 and 305.3 shall be provided adjacent to the
transfer platform. The 48 inch (1220 mm) long minimum dimension of the transfer space shall be centered on
and parallel to the 24 inch (610 mm) long minimum side of the transfer platform. The side of the transfer
platform serving the transfer space shall be unobstructed.
1008.3.1.4 Transfer Supports. At least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.
1008.3.2 Transfer Steps. Transfer steps shall be provided where movement is intended from transfer platforms
to levels with elevated play components required to be on accessible routes. Transfer steps shall comply with
1008.3.2.
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FIGURE 1008.3.2
TRANSFER STEPS
1008.3.2.1 Size. Transfer steps shall have level surfaces 14 inches (355 mm) deep minimum and 24 inches
(610 mm) wide minimum.
1008.3.2.2 Height. Each transfer step shall be 8 inches (205 mm) high maximum.
1008.3.2.3 Transfer Supports. At least one means of support for transferring shall be provided.
Advisory 1008.3.2.3 Transfer Supports. Transfer supports are required on transfer platforms
and transfer steps to assist children when transferring. Some examples of supports include a rope
loop, a loop type handle, a slot in the edge of a flat horizontal or vertical member, poles or bars, or
D rings on the corner posts.
1008.4 Play Components. Ground level play components on accessible routes and elevated play components
connected by ramps shall comply with 1008.4.
1008.4.1 Turning Space. At least one turning space complying with 304 shall be provided on the same level as
play components. Where swings are provided, the turning space shall be located immediately adjacent to the
swing.
1008.4.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground complying with 305.2 and 305.3 shall be provided
at play components.
Advisory 1008.4.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground spaces, turning spaces,
and accessible routes are permitted to overlap within play areas. A specific location has not been
designated for the clear floor or ground spaces or turning spaces, except swings, because each
play component may require that the spaces be placed in a unique location. Where play
components include a seat or entry point, designs that provide for an unobstructed transfer from a
wheelchair or other mobility device are recommended. This will enhance the ability of children with
disabilities to independently use the play component.
When designing play components with manipulative or interactive features, consider appropriate
reach ranges for children seated in wheelchairs. The following table provides guidance on reach
ranges for children seated in wheelchairs. These dimensions apply to either forward or side
reaches. The reach ranges are appropriate for use with those play components that children
seated in wheelchairs may access and reach. Where transfer systems provide access to elevated
play components, the reach ranges are not appropriate.
FORWARD OR SIDE REACH
High (maximum)
Low (minimum)
172
CHILDREN’S REACH RANGES
AGES 3 AND 4
AGES 5 THROUGH 8
36 in (915)
20 in (510 mm)
40 in (1015 mm)
18 in (455 mm)
AGES 9 THROUGH 12
44 in (1120 mm)
16 in (405 mm)
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1008.4.3 Play Tables. Where play tables are provided, knee clearance 24 inches (610 mm) high minimum, 17
inches deep (430 mm) minimum, and 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum shall be provided. The tops of rims,
curbs, or other obstructions shall be 31 inches (785 mm) high maximum.
EXCEPTION: Play tables designed and constructed primarily for children 5 years and younger shall not be
required to provide knee clearance where the clear floor or ground space required by 1008.4.2 is arranged for
a parallel approach.
1008.4.4 Entry Points and Seats. Where play components require transfer to entry points or seats, the entry
points or seats shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm) maximum from the clear floor or
ground space.
EXCEPTION: Entry points of slides shall not be required to comply with 1008.4.4.
1008.4.5 Transfer Supports. Where play components require transfer to entry points or seats, at least one
means of support for transferring shall be provided.
1009 SWIMMING POOLS, WADING POOLS, AND SPAS
1009.1 General. Where provided, pool lifts, sloped entries, transfer walls, transfer systems, and pool stairs shall
comply with 1009.
1009.2 Pool Lifts. Pool lifts shall comply with 1009.2.
Advisory 1009.2 Pool Lifts. There are a variety of seats available on pool lifts ranging from sling
seats to those that are preformed or molded. Pool lift seats with backs will enable a larger
population of persons with disabilities to use the lift. Pool lift seats that consist of materials that
resist corrosion and provide a firm base to transfer will be usable by a wider range of people with
disabilities. Additional options such as armrests, head rests, seat belts, and leg support will
enhance accessibility and better accommodate people with a wide range of disabilities.
1009.2.1 Pool Lift Location. Pool lifts shall be located where the water level does not exceed 48 inches (1220
mm).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where the entire pool depth is greater than 48 inches (1220 mm), compliance with 1009.2.1 shall not be
required.
2. Where multiple pool lift locations are provided, no more than one pool lift shall be required to be located in
an area where the water level is 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum.
1009.2.2 Seat Location. In the raised position, the centerline of the seat shall be located over the deck and 16
inches (405 mm) minimum from the edge of the pool. The deck surface between the centerline of the seat and the
pool edge shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48.
FIGURE 1009.2.2
POOL LIFT SEAT LOCATION
1009.2.3 Clear Deck Space. On the side of the seat opposite the water, a clear deck space shall be provided
parallel with the seat. The space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and shall extend forward 48 inches
(1220 mm) minimum from a line located 12 inches (305 mm) behind the rear edge of the seat. The clear deck
space shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48.
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FIGURE 1009.2.3
CLEAR DECK SPACE AT POOL LIFTS
1009.2.4 Seat Height. The height of the lift seat shall be designed to allow a stop at 16 inches (405 mm) minimum
to 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck to the top of the seat surface when in the raised (load)
position.
FIGURE 1009.2.4
POOL LIFT SEAT HEIGHT
1009.2.5 Seat Width. The seat shall be 16 inches (405 mm) wide minimum.
1009.2.6 Footrests and Armrests. Footrests shall be provided and shall move with the seat. If provided, the
armrest positioned opposite the water shall be removable or shall fold clear of the seat when the seat is in the
raised (load) position.
EXCEPTION: Footrests shall not be required on pool lifts provided in spas.
1009.2.7 Operation. The lift shall be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck and water levels.
Controls and operating mechanisms shall be unobstructed when the lift is in use and shall comply with 309.4.
Advisory 1009.2.7 Operation. Pool lifts must be capable of unassisted operation from both the
deck and water levels. This will permit a person to call the pool lift when the pool lift is in the
opposite position. It is extremely important for a person who is swimming alone to be able to call
the pool lift when it is in the up position so he or she will not be stranded in the water for extended
periods of time awaiting assistance. The requirement for a pool lift to be independently operable
does not preclude assistance from being provided.
1009.2.8 Submerged Depth. The lift shall be designed so that the seat will submerge to a water depth of 18
inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level.
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FIGURE 1009.2.8
POOL LIFT SUBMERGED DEPTH
1009.2.9 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts shall have a weight capacity of 300 pounds (136 kg) minimum
and be capable of sustaining a static load of at least one and a half times the rated load.
Advisory 1009.2.9 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts must be capable of supporting a
minimum weight of 300 pounds (136 kg) and sustaining a static load of at least one and a half
times the rated load. Pool lifts should be provided that meet the needs of the population they
serve. Providing a pool lift with a weight capacity greater than 300 pounds (136 kg) may be
advisable.
1009.3 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with 1009.3.
Advisory 1009.3 Sloped Entries. Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be
appropriate for submerging in water. Some may have batteries, motors, and electrical systems that
when submerged in water may cause damage to the personal mobility device or wheelchair or
may contaminate the pool water. Providing an aquatic wheelchair made of non-corrosive materials
and designed for access into the water will protect the water from contamination and avoid
damage to personal wheelchairs or other mobility aids.
1009.3.1 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with Chapter 4 except as modified in 1109.3.1 through
1109.3.3.
EXCEPTION: Where sloped entries are provided, the surfaces shall not be required to be slip resistant.
1009.3.2 Submerged Depth. Sloped entries shall extend to a depth of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum and 30
inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level. Where landings are required by 405.7, at least one
landing shall be located 24 inches (610 mm) minimum and 30 inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary
water level.
EXCEPTION: In wading pools, the sloped entry and landings, if provided, shall extend to the deepest part of
the wading pool.
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FIGURE 1009.3.2
SLOPED ENTRY SUBMERGED DEPTH
1009.3.3 Handrails. At least two handrails complying with 505 shall be provided on the sloped entry. The clear
width between required handrails shall be 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Handrail extensions specified by 505.10.1 shall not be required at the bottom landing serving a sloped
entry.
2. Where a sloped entry is provided for wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and other pools
where user access is limited to one area, the handrails shall not be required to comply with the clear width
requirements of 1009.3.3.
3. Sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to provide handrails complying with 1009.3.3. If
provided, handrails on sloped entries in wading pools shall not be required to comply with 505.
FIGURE 1009.3.3
HANDRAILS FOR SLOPED ENTRY
1009.4 Transfer Walls. Transfer walls shall comply with 1009.4.
1009.4.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer wall. Where one grab bar
is provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the grab bar. Where two grab bars are provided, the clear
deck space shall be centered on the clearance between the grab bars.
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TECHNICAL
CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES
FIGURE 1009.4.1
CLEAR DECK SPACE AT TRANSFER WALLS
1009.4.2 Height. The height of the transfer wall shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum measured from the deck.
FIGURE 1009.4.2
TRANSFER WALL HEIGHT
1009.4.3 Wall Depth and Length. The depth of the transfer wall shall be 12 inches (305 mm) minimum and 16
inches (405 mm) maximum. The length of the transfer wall shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum and shall be
centered on the clear deck space.
FIGURE 1009.4.3
DEPTH AND LENGTH OF TRANSFER WALLS
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101674064
CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES
TECHNICAL
1009.4.4 Surface. Surfaces of transfer walls shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.
1009.4.5 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar complying with 609 shall be provided on the transfer wall. Grab bars
shall be perpendicular to the pool wall and shall extend the full depth of the transfer wall. The top of the gripping
surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above transfer walls. Where one
grab bar is provided, clearance shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum on both sides of the grab bar. Where two
grab bars are provided, clearance between grab bars shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION: Grab bars on transfer walls shall not be required to comply with 609.4.
FIGURE 1009.4.5
GRAB BARS FOR TRANSFER WALLS
1009.5 Transfer Systems. Transfer systems shall comply with 1009.5.
1009.5.1 Transfer Platform. A transfer platform shall be provided at the head of each transfer system. Transfer
platforms shall provide 19 inches (485 mm) minimum clear depth and 24 inches (610 mm) minimum clear width.
FIGURE 1009.5.1
SIZE OF TRANSFER PLATFORM
1009.5.2 Transfer Space. A transfer space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum
with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer platform surface and shall be
centered along a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum side of the transfer platform. The side of the transfer platform serving
the transfer space shall be unobstructed.
178
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TECHNICAL
CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES
FIGURE 1009.5.2
CLEAR DECK SPACE AT TRANSFER PLATFORM
1009.5.3 Height. The height of the transfer platform shall comply with 1009.4.2.
1009.5.4 Transfer Steps. Transfer step height shall be 8 inches (205 mm) maximum. The surface of the bottom
tread shall extend to a water depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level.
Advisory 1009.5.4 Transfer Steps. Where possible, the height of the transfer step should be
minimized to decrease the distance an individual is required to lift up or move down to reach the
next step to gain access.
FIGURE 1009.5.4
TRANSFER STEPS
1009.5.5 Surface. The surface of the transfer system shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.
1009.5.6 Size. Each transfer step shall have a tread clear depth of 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 17 inches
(430 mm) maximum and shall have a tread clear width of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.
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CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES
TECHNICAL
FIGURE 1009.5.6
SIZE OF TRANSFER STEPS
1009.5.7 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar on each transfer step and the transfer platform or a continuous grab
bar serving each transfer step and the transfer platform shall be provided. Where a grab bar is provided on each
step, the tops of gripping surfaces shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above
each step and transfer platform. Where a continuous grab bar is provided, the top of the gripping surface shall be
4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above the step nosing and transfer platform. Grab
bars shall comply with 609 and be located on at least one side of the transfer system. The grab bar located at the
transfer platform shall not obstruct transfer.
EXCEPTION: Grab bars on transfer systems shall not be required to comply with 609.4.
FIGURE 1009.5.7
GRAB BARS
1009.6 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 1009.6.
1009.6.1 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 504.
EXCEPTION: Pool step riser heights shall not be required to be 4 inches (100 mm) high minimum and 7 inches
(180 mm) high maximum provided that riser heights are uniform.
1009.6.2 Handrails. The width between handrails shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum and 24 inches (610 mm)
maximum. Handrail extensions required by 505.10.3 shall not be required on pool stairs.
1010 SHOOTING FACILITIES WITH FIRING POSITIONS
1010.1 Turning Space. A circular turning space 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter minimum with slopes not steeper
than 1:48 shall be provided at shooting facilities with firing positions.
180
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 104
Graphic Convention for Figures .................................................................................... 3
Figure 302.2
Carpet Pile Height....................................................................................................... 61
Figure 302.3
Elongated Openings in Floor or Ground Surfaces ...................................................... 62
Figure 303.2
Vertical Change in Level ............................................................................................. 62
Figure 303.3
Beveled Change in Level ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 304.3.2
T-Shaped Turning Space............................................................................................ 63
Figure 305.3
Clear Floor or Ground Space ...................................................................................... 64
Figure 305.5
Position of Clear Floor or Ground Space .................................................................... 64
Figure 305.7.1
Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Forward Approach.......................................... 64
Figure 305.7.2
Maneuvering Clearance in an Alcove, Parallel Approach ........................................... 65
Figure 306.2
Toe Clearance ............................................................................................................ 65
Figure 306.3
Knee Clearance .......................................................................................................... 66
Figure 307.2
Limits of Protruding Objects........................................................................................ 67
Figure 307.3
Post-Mounted Protruding Objects............................................................................... 67
Figure 307.4
Vertical Clearance....................................................................................................... 68
Figure 308.2.1
Unobstructed Forward Reach ..................................................................................... 68
Figure 308.2.2
Obstructed High Forward Reach ................................................................................ 69
Figure 308.3.1
Unobstructed Side Reach ........................................................................................... 69
Figure 308.3.2
Obstructed High Side Reach ...................................................................................... 70
Figure 403.5.1
Clear Width of an Accessible Route ........................................................................... 71
Figure 403.5.2
Clear Width at Turn..................................................................................................... 72
Figure 404.2.3
Clear Width of Doorways ............................................................................................ 73
Figure 404.2.4.1
Maneuvering Clearances at Manual Swinging Doors and Gates .......................... 74-75
Figure 404.2.4.2
Maneuvering Clearances at Doorways without Doors, Sliding
Doors, Gates, and Folding Doors ............................................................................ 76
Figure 404.2.4.3
Maneuvering Clearances at Recessed Doors and Gates ........................................... 77
Figure 404.2.6
Doors in Series and Gates in Series........................................................................... 77
Figure 405.7
Ramp Landings........................................................................................................... 80
Figure 405.9.1
Extended Floor or Ground Surface Edge Protection .................................................. 81
Figure 405.9.2
Curb or Barrier Edge Protection.................................................................................. 81
Figure 406.2
Counter Slope of Surfaces Adjacent to Curb Ramps.................................................. 82
Figure 406.3
Sides of Curb Ramps.................................................................................................. 82
Figure 406.4
Landings at the Top of Curb Ramps ........................................................................... 82
Figure 406.6
Diagonal or Corner Type Curb Ramps ....................................................................... 83
Figure 406.7
Islands in Crossings.................................................................................................... 83
Figure 406.8
Detectable Warnings at Curb Ramps Subject to
DOT Regulation 49 CFR 37.21 ............................................................................... 84
Figure 407.2.2.2
Visible Hall Signals ..................................................................................................... 85
Figure 407.2.3.1
Floor Designations on Jambs of Elevator Hoistway Entrances .................................. 86
Figure 407.2.3.2
Car Designations on Jambs of Destination-Oriented Elevator
Hoistway Entrances................................................................................................. 86
Figure 407.4.1
Elevator Car Dimensions ....................................................................................... 88-89
Figure 408.4.1
Limited-Use/Limited-Application (LULA) Elevator Car Dimensions ............................ 93
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 409.4.6.2
Location of Private Residence Elevator Control Panel ............................................... 95
Figure 410.6
Platform Lift Doors and Gates..................................................................................... 96
Figure 502.2
Vehicle Parking Spaces .............................................................................................. 97
Figure 502.3
Parking Space Access Aisle ....................................................................................... 98
Figure 503.3
Passenger Loading Zone Access Aisle..................................................................... 100
Figure 504.5
Stair Nosings............................................................................................................. 101
Figure 505.4
Handrail Height ......................................................................................................... 102
Figure 505.5
Handrail Clearance ................................................................................................... 103
Figure 505.6
Horizontal Projections Below Gripping Surface ........................................................ 103
Figure 505.7.2
Handrail Non-Circular Cross Section ........................................................................ 104
Figure 505.10.1
Top and Bottom Handrail Extension at Ramps ......................................................... 104
Figure 505.10.2
Top Handrail Extension at Stairs............................................................................... 105
Figure 505.10.3
Bottom Handrail Extension at Stairs ......................................................................... 105
Figure 602.5
Drinking Fountain Spout Location ............................................................................. 107
Figure 604.2
Water Closet Location............................................................................................... 108
Figure 604.3.1
Size of Clearance at Water Closets .......................................................................... 109
Figure 604.3.2
(Exception) Overlap of Water Closet Clearance in Residential
Dwelling Units ........................................................................................................ 109
Figure 604.5.1
Side Wall Grab Bar at Water Closets........................................................................ 110
Figure 604.5.2
Rear Wall Grab Bar at Water Closets ....................................................................... 111
Figure 604.7
Dispenser Outlet Location......................................................................................... 111
Figure 604.8.1.1
Size of Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment ................................................. 112
Figure 604.8.1.2
Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment Doors ................................................... 112
Figure 604.8.1.4
Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment Toe Clearance ..................................... 113
Figure 604.8.1.6
Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment in New Construction ............................ 113
Figure 604.8.2
Ambulatory Accessible Toilet Compartment ............................................................. 114
Figure 605.2
Height and Depth of Urinals ...................................................................................... 116
Figure 607.2
Clearance for Bathtubs ............................................................................................. 117
Figure 607.4.1
Grab Bars for Bathtubs with Permanent Seats ......................................................... 118
Figure 607.4.2
Grab Bars for Bathtubs with Removable In-Tub Seats ............................................. 118
Figure 607.5
Bathtub Control Location........................................................................................... 119
Figure 608.2.1
Transfer Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance ....................................... 120
Figure 608.2.2
Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance ........................... 120
Figure 608.2.3
Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Size and Clearance ........................... 121
Figure 608.3.1
Grab Bars for Transfer Type Showers ...................................................................... 121
Figure 608.3.2
Grab Bars for Standard Roll-In Type Showers.......................................................... 122
Figure 608.3.3
Grab Bars for Alternate Roll-In Type Showers .......................................................... 122
Figure 608.5.1
Transfer Type Shower Compartment Control Location............................................. 123
Figure 608.5.2
Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Control Location ................................ 123
Figure 608.5.3
Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartment Control Location ................................ 124
Figure 609.2.2
Grab Bar Non-Circular Cross Section ....................................................................... 125
Figure 609.3
Spacing of Grab Bars................................................................................................ 125
Figure 610.2
Bathtub Seats............................................................................................................ 126
Figure 610.3
Extent of Seat............................................................................................................ 126
182
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 610.3.1
Rectangular Shower Seat ......................................................................................... 127
Figure 610.3.2
L-Shaped Shower Seat............................................................................................. 127
Figure 611.4
Height of Laundry Compartment Opening ................................................................ 128
Figure 703.2.5
Height of Raised Characters ..................................................................................... 129
Figure 703.3.1
Braille Measurement ................................................................................................. 130
Figure 703.3.2
Position of Braille ...................................................................................................... 131
Figure 703.4.1
Height of Tactile Characters Above Finish Floor or Ground ..................................... 131
Figure 703.4.2
Location of Tactile Signs at Doors ............................................................................ 132
Figure 703.6.1
Pictogram Field ......................................................................................................... 133
Figure 703.7.2.1
International Symbol of Accessibility......................................................................... 134
Figure 703.7.2.2
International Symbol of TTY ..................................................................................... 134
Figure 703.7.2.3
Volume Control Telephone ....................................................................................... 134
Figure 703.7.2.4
International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss ..................................................... 134
Figure 704.2.1.1
Parallel Approach to Telephone................................................................................ 135
Figure 704.2.1.2
Forward Approach to Telephone .............................................................................. 135
Figure 705.1
Size and Spacing of Truncated Domes .................................................................... 136
Figure 707.6.2
Numeric Key Layout.................................................................................................. 139
Figure 802.1.2
Width of Wheelchair Spaces in Assembly Areas ...................................................... 141
Figure 802.1.3
Depth of Wheelchair Spaces in Assembly Areas...................................................... 142
Figure 802.2.1.1
Lines of Sight Over the Heads of Seated Spectators ............................................... 142
Figure 802.2.1.2
Lines of Sight Between the Heads of Seated Spectators ......................................... 143
Figure 802.2.2.1
Lines of Sight Over the Heads of Standing Spectators............................................. 143
Figure 802.2.2.2
Lines of Sight Between the Heads of Standing Spectators ...................................... 143
Figure 804.2.1
Pass Through Kitchens............................................................................................. 145
Figure 804.2.2
U-Shaped Kitchens ................................................................................................... 145
Figure 810.2.2
Dimensions of Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas .................................................... 150
Figure 810.3
Bus Shelters.............................................................................................................. 151
Figure 810.10
(Exception) Track Crossings ..................................................................................... 152
Figure 903.4
Bench Back Support ................................................................................................. 156
Figure 904.3.2
Check-Out Aisle Counters ........................................................................................ 156
Figure 904.4
(Exception) Alteration of Sales and Service Counters .............................................. 157
Figure 1002.4.4.3
Protrusions in Wheelchair Spaces in Amusement Rides .......................................... 160
Figure 1003.3.1
Boat Slip Clearance .................................................................................................. 163
Figure 1003.3.1
(Exception 1) Clear Pier Space Reduction at Boat Slips .......................................... 164
Figure 1003.3.1
(Exception 2) Edge Protection at Boat Slips ............................................................. 164
Figure 1003.3.2
Boarding Pier Clearance ........................................................................................... 165
Figure 1003.3.2
(Exception 1) Clear Pier Space Reduction at Boarding Piers ................................... 165
Figure 1003.3.2
(Exception 2) Edge Protection at Boarding Piers...................................................... 166
Figure 1005.3.2
Extended Ground or Deck Surface at Fishing Piers and Platforms .......................... 167
Figure 1007.3.2
Golf Club Reach Range Area ................................................................................... 169
Figure 1008.3.1
Transfer Platforms .................................................................................................... 171
Figure 1008.3.2
Transfer Steps .......................................................................................................... 172
Figure 1009.2.2
Pool Lift Seat Location .............................................................................................. 173
Figure 1009.2.3
Clear Deck Space at Pool Lifts ................................................................................. 174
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1009.2.4
Pool Lift Seat Height ................................................................................................. 174
Figure 1009.2.8
Pool Lift Submerged Depth ....................................................................................... 175
Figure 1009.3.2
Sloped Entry Submerged Depth ............................................................................... 176
Figure 1009.3.3
Handrails for Sloped Entry ........................................................................................ 176
Figure 1009.4.1
Clear Deck Space at Transfer Walls ......................................................................... 177
Figure 1009.4.2
Transfer Wall Height ................................................................................................. 177
Figure 1009.4.3
Depth and Length of Transfer Walls ......................................................................... 177
Figure 1009.4.5
Grab Bars for Transfer Walls .................................................................................... 178
Figure 1009.5.1
Size of Transfer Platform .......................................................................................... 178
Figure 1009.5.2
Clear Deck Space at Transfer Platform .................................................................... 179
Figure 1009.5.4
Transfer Steps........................................................................................................... 179
Figure 1009.5.6
Size of Transfer Steps............................................................................................... 180
Figure 1009.5.7
Grab Bars.................................................................................................................. 180
184
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Design Guidelines for Accessible/Adaptable Dwellings
Issued by the Department of Housing and Urban Development
The Fair Housing Act Design Manual is published by the Department of Housing and Urban Development to assist designers and builders in meeting
the accessibility requirements of the Fair Housing Act. Copies of this publication are available from the HUD Customer Service Center at 1-800-7677468.
NOTE: This is a reprint of the final Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines published in the Federal Register on March 6, 1991, Vol. 56, No. 44,
pages 9472-9515. This reprint incorporates corrections to the final guidelines, which were published in the Federal Register on June 24, 1991.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
1
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Contents
2
Section
1.
Section
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
Authority
Purpose
Scope
Organization of Guidelines
Definitions
Fair Housing Act Design and Construction Requirements
Application of the Guidelines
Guidelines
Requirement
1.
Accessible building entrance on an accessible route.
Requirement
2.
Accessible and usable public and common use areas.
Requirement
3.
Usable doors.
Requirement
4.
Accessible route into and through the covered dwelling unit
Requirement
5.
Light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats and other environmental controls in
accessible locations.
Requirement
6.
Reinforced walls for grab bars.
Requirement
7.
Usable kitchens and bathrooms.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Section 1. Introduction
Authority
Section 804(f)(5)(C) of the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
directs the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban
Development to provide technical assistance to States, local
governments, and other persons in implementing the accessibility
requirements of the Fair Housing Act. These guidelines are issued under
this statutory authority.
Purpose
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide technical guidance on
designing dwelling units as required by the Fair Housing Amendments
Act of 1988 (Fair Housing Act). These guidelines are not mandatory,
nor do they prescribe specific requirements which must be met, and
which, if not met, would constitute unlawful discrimination under the
Fair Housing Act. Builders and developers may choose to depart from
these guidelines and seek alternate ways to demonstrate that they have
met the requirements of the Fair Housing Act. These guidelines are
intended to provide a safe harbor for compliance with the accessibility
requirements of the Fair Housing Act.
Scope
These guidelines apply only to the design and construction requirements
of 24 CFR 100.205. Compliance with these guidelines do not relieve
persons participating in a Federal or Federally-assisted program or
activity from other requirements, such as those required by Section 504
of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794) and the Architectural
Barriers Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4151-4157). Accessible design
requirements for Section 504 are found at CFR Part 8. Accessible design
requirements for the Architectural Barriers Act are found at 24 CFR Part
40.
Organization of Guidelines
lifts. Exterior accessible routes may include parking access aisles, curb
ramps, walks, ramps and lifts. A route that complies with the appropriate
requirements of ANSI A117.1-1986, a comparable standard, or Section
FHAG-5, Requirement 1 of these guidelines is an “accessible route”. In
the circumstances described in SectionFHAG-5, Requirements 1 and 2,
“accessible route” may include access via a vehicular route.
“Adaptable dwelling units”, when used with respect to covered
multifamily dwellings, means dwelling units that include the features of
adaptable design specified in 24 CFR 100.205(c)(2)-(3).
“ANSIA117/1-1086” means the 1986 edition of the American National
Standard for buildings and facilities providing accessibility and usability
for physically handicapped people.
“Assistive device” means an aid, tool, or instrument used by a person
with disabilities to assist in activities of daily living. Examples of
assistive devices include tongs, knob-turners, and oven-rack pusher/
pullers.
“Bathroom”, means a bathroom which includes a water closet (toilet),
lavatory (sink), and bathtub or shower. It does not include single-fixture
facilities or those with only a water closet and lavatory. It does include a
compartmented bathroom. A compartmented bathroom is one in which
the fixtures are distributed among interconnected rooms. A
compartmented bathroom is considered a single unit and is subject to the
Act’s requirements for bathrooms.
“Building” means a structure, facility or portion thereof that contains or
serves one or more dwelling units.
“Building entrance on an accessible route” means an accessible entrance
to a building that is connected by an accessible route to public
transportation stops, to parking or passenger loading zones, or to public
streets or sidewalks, if available. A building entrance that complies with
ANSIA117.1-1986 (see SectionFHAG-5, Requirement 1 of these
guidelines) or a comparable standard complies with the requirements of
this paragraph.
“Clear” means unobstructed.
The design guidelines are incorporated in Section 5 of this document.
Each guideline cites the appropriate paragraph of HUD’s regulation at
24 CFR 100-205; quotes from the regulation to identify the required
design features, and states recommended specifications for each design
feature.
Generally, these guidelines rely on the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) A117.1-1986, American National Standard for
Buildings and Facilities-Providing Accessibility and Useability for
Physically Handicapped People (ANSI Standard). Where the guidelines
rely on sections of the ANSI Standard, the ANSI sections are cited. Only
those sections of the ANSI Standard cited in the guidelines are
recommended for compliance with 24 CFR 100.205. For those
guidelines that differ from the ANSI Standard, recommended
specifications are provided. The texts of cited ANSI sections are not
reproduced in the guidelines. The complete text of the 1986 version of
the ANSI A117.1 Standard may be purchased from the American
National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
Section 2. Definitions
As used in these Guidelines:
“Accessible”, when used with respect to the public and common use
areas of a building containing covered multifamily dwellings, means
that the public or common use areas of the building can be approached,
entered, and used by individuals with physical handicaps. The phrase
“readily accessible to and usable by” is synonymous with accessible. A
public or common use area that complies with the appropriate
requirements of ANSIA117.1-1986, a comparable standard or these
guidelines is “accessible” within the meaning of this paragraph.
“Accessible route” means a continuous unobstructed path connecting
accessible elements and spaces in a building or within a site that can be
negotiated by a person with a severe disability using a wheelchair, and
that is also safe for and usable by people with other disabilities. Interior
accessible routes may include corridors, floors, ramps, elevators and
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
“Common use areas” means rooms, spaces or elements inside or outside
of a building that are made available for the use of residents of a
building or the guests thereof. These areas include hallways, lounges,
lobbies, laundry rooms, refuse rooms, mail rooms, recreational areas and
passageways among and between buildings. See Section FHAG-5,
Requirement 2 of these guidelines.
“Controlled substance” means any drug or other substance, or
immediate precursor included in the definition in Section 102 of the
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802).
“Covered multifamily dwellings” or “covered multifamily dwellings
subject to the Fair Housing Amendments” means buildings consisting of
four or more dwelling units if such buildings have one or more
elevators; and ground floor dwelling units in other buildings consisting
of four or more dwelling units. Dwelling units within a single structure
separated by firewalls do not constitute separate buildings.
“Dwelling unit” means a single unit of residence for a household of one
or more persons. Examples of dwelling units covered by these
guidelines include: condominiums; an apartment unit within an
apartment building; and other types of dwellings in which sleeping
accommodations are provided but toileting or cooking facilities are
shared by occupants of more than one room or portion of the dwelling.
Examples of the latter include dormitory rooms and sleeping
accommodations in shelters intended for occupancy as a residence for
homeless persons.
“Entrance” means any exterior access point to a building or portion of a
building used by residents for the purpose of entering. For purposes of
these guidelines, an “entrance” does not include a door to a loading dock
or a door used primarily as a service entrance, even if nonhandicapped
residents occasionally use that door to enter.
“Finished grade” means the ground surface of the site after all
construction, levelling, grading, and development has been completed.
“Ground floor” means a floor of a building with a building entrance on
3
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an accessible route. A building may have one or more ground floors.
Where the first floor containing dwelling units in a building is above
grade, all units on that floor must be served by a building entrance on an
accessible route. This floor will be considered to be a ground floor.
“Handicap” means, with respect to a person, a physical or mental
impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities;
a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an
impairment. This term does not include current, illegal use of or
addiction to a controlled substance. For purposes of these guidelines, an
individual shall not be considered to have a handicap solely because that
individual is a transvestite.
As used in this definition:
(a) “Physical or mental impairment” includes:
(1) Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or
anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems:
Neurological; musculoskeletal; special sense organs; respiratory,
including speech organs; cardiovascular; reproductive; digestive;
genito-urinary; hemic and lymphatic; skin; and endocrine; or
(2) Any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation,
organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific
learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment”
includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and conditions as
orthopedic, visual, speech and hearing impairments, cerebral palsy,
autism, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart
disease, diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, mental
retardation, emotional illness, drug addiction (other than addiction
caused by current, illegal use of a controlled substance) and alcoholism.
These guidelines are designed to make units accessible or adaptable for
people with physical handicaps.
(b) “Major life activities” means functions such as caring for one’s self,
performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing,
learning and working.
(c) “Has a record of such an impairment” means has a history of, or has
been misclassified as having, a mental or physical impairment that
substantially limits one or more major life activities.
(d) “Is regarded as having an impairment” means:
(1) Has a physical or mental impairment that does not substantially limit
one or more major life activities but that is treated by another person as
constituting such a limitation;
(2) Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or
more major life activities only as a result of the attitudes of others
toward such impairment; or
(3) Has none of the impairments defined in paragraph (a) of this
definition but is treated by another person as having such an impairment.
“Loft” means an intermediate level between the floor and ceiling of any
story, located within a room or rooms of a dwelling.
“Multistory dwelling unit” means a dwelling unit with finished living
space located on one floor and the floor or floors immediately above or
below it.
“Public use areas” means interior or exterior rooms or spaces of a
building that are made available to the general public. Public use may be
provided at a building that is privately or publicly owned.
of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, or the roof of
the unit. Within the context of dwelling units, the terms “story” and
“floor” are synonymous.
“Undisturbed site” means the site before any construction, levelling,
grading, or development associated with the current project.
“Vehicular or pedestrian arrival points” means public or resident
parking areas, public transportation stops, passenger loading zones, and
public streets or sidewalks.
“Vehicular route” means a route intended for vehicular traffic, such as a
street, driveway or parking lot.
Section 3. Fair Housing Act Design and Construction
Requirements
The regulations issued by the Department at 24 CFR 100/205 state:
Section100.205 Design and construction requirements.
(a) Covered multifamily dwellings for first occupancy after March 13,
1991, shall be designed and constructed to have at least one building
entrance on an accessible route unless it is impractical to do so because
of the site. For purposes of this section, a covered multifamily dwelling
shall be deemed to be designed and constructed for first occupancy on or
before March 13, 1991, if they are occupied by that date or if the last
building permit or renewal thereof for the covered multifamily
dwellings is issued by a State, County or local government on or before
January 13, 1990. The burden of establishing impracticality because of
terrain or unusual site characteristics is on the person or persons who
designed or constructed the housing facility.
(b) The application of paragraph (a) of this section may be illustrated
by the following examples:
Example (1): A real estate developer plans to construct six covered
multifamily dwelling units on a site with a hilly terrainches Because of
the terrain it will be necessary to climb a long and steep stairway in
order to enter the dwellings. Since there is no practical way to provide
an accessible route to any of the dwellings, one need not be provided.
Example (2): A real estate developer plans to construct a building
consisting of 10 units of multifamily housing on a waterfront site that
floods frequently. Because of this unusual characteristic of the site, the
builder plans to construct the building on stilts. It is customary for
housing in the geographic area where the site is located to be built on
stilts. The housing may lawfully be constructed on the proposed site on
stilts even though this means that there will be no practical way to
provide an accessible route to the building entrance.
Example (3): A real estate developer plans to construct a multifamily
housing facility on a particular site. The developer would like the
facility to be built on the site to contain as many units as possible.
Because of the configuration and terrain of the site, it is possible to
construct a building with 105 units on the site provided the site does not
have an accessible route leading to the building entrance. It is also
possible to construct a building on the site with an accessible route
leading to the building entrance. However, such a building would have
no more than 100 dwelling units. The building to be constructed on the
site must have a building entrance on an accessible route because it is
not impractical to provide such an entrance because of the terrain or
unusual characteristics of the site.
“Single-story dwelling unit” means a dwelling unit with all finished
living space located on one floor.
(c) All covered multifamily dwellings for first occupancy after March
13,1991, with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be
designed and constructed in such a manner that—
“Site” means a parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated
portion of a public right of way.
M(1) The public and common use areas are readily accessible to and
usable by handicapped persons;
“Slope” means the relative steepness of the land between two points and
is calculated as follows: The distance and elevation between the two
points (e.,g., an entrance and a passenger loading zone) are determined
from a topographical map. The difference in elevation is divided by the
distance and that fraction is multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage
slope figure. For example, if a principal entrance is ten feet from a
passenger loading zone, and the principal entrance is raised one foot
higher than the passenger loading zone, then the slope is 1/10 x 100 =
10%.
(2) All the doors designed to allow passage into and within all
premises are sufficiently wide to allow passage by handicapped persons
in wheelchairs; and
“Story” means that portion of a dwelling unit between the upper surface
4
(3) All premises within covered multifamily dwelling units contain
the following features of adaptable design:
(i) An accessible route into and through the covered dwelling unit;
(ii) Light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, and other
environmental controls in accessible locations:
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(iii) Reinforcements in bathroom walls to allow later installation of
grab bars around the toilet, tub, shower, stall and shower seal, where
such facilities are provided; and
(iv) Usable kitchen and bathrooms such that an individual in a
wheelchair can maneuver about the space.
(d) The application of Paragraph (c) of this section may be illustrated
by the following examples:
Example (1): A developer plans to construct a 100 unit condominium
apartment building with one elevator. In accordance with Paragraph (a),
the building has at least one accessible route leading to an accessible
entrance. All 100 units are covered multifamily dwelling units and they
all must be designed and constructed so that they comply with the
accessibility requirements of Paragraph (c) of this section.
Example (3): A developer plans to construct 30 garden apartments in
a three story building. The building will not have an elevator. The
building will have one accessible entrance which will be on the first
floor. Since the building does not have an elevator only the “ground
floor” units are covered multifamily units. The “ground floor” is the first
floor because that is the floor that has an accessible entrance. All of the
dwelling units on the first floor must meet the accessibility requirements
of Paragraph (c) of this section and must have access to at least one of
each type of public or common use area available for residents in the
building.
(e) Compliance with the appropriate requirements of ANSI A117.11986 suffices to satisfy the requirements of Paragraph (c)(3) of this
section.
(f) Compliance with a duly enacted law of a State or unit of general
local government that includes the requirements of Paragraphs (a) and
(c) of this section satisfies the requirements of Paragraphs (a) and (c) of
this section.
(g)(1) It is the policy of HUD to encourage States and units of general
local government to include, in their existing procedures for the review
and approval of newly constructed covered multifamily dwellings,
determinations as to whether the design and construction of such
dwellings are consistent with Paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section.
(2) A State or unit of general local government may review and
approve newly constructed multifamily dwellings for the purpose of
making determinations as to whether the requirements of Paragraphs (a)
and (c) of this section are met.
(h) Determinations of compliance or noncompliance by a State or a
unit of general local government under Paragraph (f) or (g) of this
section are not conclusive in enforcement proceedings under the Fair
Housing Amendments Act.
(i) This subpart does not invalidate or limit any law of a State or
political subdivision of a State that requires dwellings to be designed
and constructed in a manner that affords handicapped persons greater
access than is required by this subpart.
Section 4. Application of the Guidelines
The design specifications (guidelines) presented in SectionFHAG-5
apply to new construction of “covered multifamily dwellings”, as
defined in SectionFHAG-2. These guidelines are recommended for
designing dwellings that comply with the requirements of the Fair
Housing Amendments Act of 1988.
Section 5. Guidelines
Requirement 1. Accessible building entrance on an accessible
route.
Under Section 100.205(a), covered multifamily dwellings shall be
designed and constructed to have at least one building entrance on an
accessible route, unless it is impractical to do so because of terrain or
unusual characteristics of the site.
Guideline
guideline applies both to a single building on a site and to multiple
buildings on a site.
(a) Separate ground floor unit entrances. When a ground floor unit
of a building has a separate entrance, each such ground floor unit
shall be served by an accessible route, except for any unit where the
terrain or unusual characteristics of the site prohibit the provision of
an accessible route to the entrance of that unit.
(b) Multiple entrances. Only one entrance is required to be
accessible to any one ground floor of a building, except in cases
where an individual dwelling unit has a separate exterior entrance,
or where the building contains clusters of dwelling units, with each
cluster sharing a different exterior entrance. In these cases, more
than one entrance may be required to be accessible, as determined
by analysis of the site. In every case, the accessible entrance should
be on an accessible route to the covered dwelling units it serves.
(2) Site impracticality. Covered multifamily dwellings with elevators
shall be designed and constructed to provide at least one accessible
entrance on an accessible route, regardless of terrain or unusual
characteristics of the site. Covered multifamily dwellings without
elevators shall be designed and constructed to provide at least one
accessible entrance on an accessible route unless terrain or unusual
characteristics of the site are such that the following conditions are
found to exist:
(a) Site impracticality due to terrain. There are two alternative tests
for determining site impracticality due to terrain: the individual
building test provided in paragraph (i), or the site analysis test
provided in paragraph (ii). These tests may be used as follows.
A site with a single building having a common entrance for all units
may be analyzed only as described in paragraph (i).
All other sites, including a site with a single building having
multiple entrances serving either individual dwelling units or
clusters of dwelling units, may be analyzed using the methodology
in either Paragraph (i) or Paragraph (ii). For these sites for which
either test is applicable, regardless of which test is selected, at least
20% of the total ground floor units in nonelevator buildings, on any
site, must comply with the guidelines.
(i) Individual building test. It is impractical to provide an accessible
entrance served by an accessible route when the terrain of the site is
such that:
(A) The slopes of the undisturbed site measured between the planned
entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet of
the planned entrance exceed 10 percent; and
(B) the slopes of the planned finished grade measured between the
entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet of
the planned entrance also exceed 10 percent.
If there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet of the
planned entrance, the slope for the purposes of this Paragraph (i) will be
measured to the closest vehicular or pedestrian arrival point.
For purposes of these guidelines, vehicular or pedestrian arrival points
include public or resident parking areas; public transportation stops;
passenger loading zones; and public streets or sidewalks. To determine
site impracticality, the slope would be measured at ground level from
the point of the planned entrance on a straight line to (i) each vehicular
or pedestrian arrival point that is within 50 feet of the planned entrance,
or (ii) if there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within that
specified area, the vehicular or pedestrian arrival point closest to the
planned entrance. In the case of sidewalks, the closest point to the
entrance will be where a public sidewalk entering the site intersects with
the sidewalk to the entrance. In the case of resident parking areas, the
closest point to the planned entrance will be measured from the entry
point to the parking area that is located closest to the planned entrance.
(ii) Site analysis test. Alternatively, for a site having multiple
buildings, or a site with a single building with multiple entrances,
impracticality of providing an accessible entrance served by an
accessible route can be established by the following steps:
(1) Building entrance. Each building on a site shall have at least one
building entrance on an accessible route unless prohibited by the
terrain, as provided in Paragraphs (2)(a)(i) or (2)(a)(ii), or unusual
characteristics of the site, as provided in Paragraph (2)(b). This
(A) The percentage of the total buildable area of the undisturbed
site with a natural grade less than 10% slope shall be calculated.
The analysis of the existing slope (before grading) shall be done
on a topographic survey with two foot (2’) contour intervals with
slope determination made between each successive interval. The
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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accuracy of the slope analysis shall be certified by a professional
licensed engineer, landscape architect, architect or surveyor.
(B) To determine the practicality of providing accessibility to
planned multifamily dwellings based on the topography of the
existing natural terrain, the minimum percentage of ground floor
units to be made accessible should equal the percentage of the
total buildable area (not including floodplains, wetlands, or other
restricted use areas) of the undisturbed site that has an existing
natural grade of less than 10% slope.
(C) In addition to the percentage established in paragraph (B), all
ground floor units in a building, or ground floor units served by a
particular entrance, shall be made accessible if the entrance to the
units is on an accessible route, defined as a walkway with a slope
between the planned entrance and a pedestrian or vehicular arrival
point that is no greater than 8.33%.
Section 100.205(c)(1) provides that covered multifamily dwellings
with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed in
such a manner that the public and common use areas are readily
accessible to and usable by handicapped persons.
Guideline
The following chart identifies the public and common use areas that
should be made accessible, cites the appropriate section of the ANSI
Standard, and describes the appropriate application of the
specifications, including modifications to the referenced standard.
(b) Site impracticality due to unusual characteristics. Unusual
characteristics include sites located in a federally-designated
floodplain or coastal high-hazard area and sites subject to other
similar requirements of law or code that the lowest floor or the
lowest structural member of the lowest floor must be raised to a
specified level at or above the base flood elevation. An accessible
route to a building entrance is impractical due to unusual
characteristics of the site when:
(i) the unusual site characteristics result in a difference in finished
grade elevation exceeding 30 inches and 10 percent measured
between an entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points
within 50 feet of the planned entrance; or
(ii) if there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50
feet of the planned entrance, the unusual characteristics result in a
difference in finished grade elevation exceeding 30 inches and 10
percent measured between an entrance and the closest vehicular or
pedestrian arrival point.
(3) Exceptions to site impracticality. Regardless of site considerations
described in paragraphs (1) and (2), an accessible entrance on an
accessible route is practical when:
(a) There is an elevator connecting the parking area with the dwelling
units on a ground floor. (In this case, those dwelling units on the
ground floor served by an elevator, and at least one of each type of
public and common use areas, would be subject to these guidelines.)
However:
(i) Where a building elevator is provided only as a means of creating
an accessible route to dwelling units on a ground floor, the building
is not considered an elevator building for purposes of these
guidelines; hence, only the ground floor dwelling units would be
covered.
(ii) If the building elevator is provided as a means of access to
dwelling units other than dwelling units on a ground floor, then the
building is an elevator building which is a covered multifamily
dwelling, and the elevator in that building must provide accessibility
to all dwelling units in the building, regardless of the slope of the
natural terrain; or
(b) An elevated walkway is planned between a building entrance and a
vehicular or pedestrian arrival point and the planned walkway has a
slope no greater than 10 percent.
(4) Accessible entrance. An entrance that complies with ANSI 4.14
meets Section 100.205(a).
(5) Accessible route. An accessible route that complies with ANSI 4.3
would meet Section 100.205(a). If the slope of the finished grade
between covered multifamily dwellings and a public or common use
facility (including parking) exceeds 8.33%, or where other physical
barriers (natural or manmade) or legal restrictions, all of which are
outside the control of the owner, prevent the installation of an accessible
pedestrian route, an acceptable alternative is to provide access via a
vehicular route, so long as necessary site provisions such as parking
spaces and curb ramps are provided at the public or common use
facility.
Requirement 2. Accessible and usable public and common use
areas.
6
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Accessible element or space
1.
Accessible route(s)...
ANSI
A117.1
Section
4.3
Application
Within the boundary of the side:
(a) From public transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, accessible
passenger loading zones, and public streets or sidewalks to accessible building
entrances (subject to site considerations described in Section 5).
(b) Connecting accessible buildings, facilities, elements and spaces that are on
the same site. On-grade walks or paths between separate buildings with covered
multifamily dwellings, while not required, should be accessible unless the slope
of finish grade exceeds 8.33% at any point along the route. Handrails are not
required on these accessible walks.
(c) Connecting accessible buildingor facility entrances with accessible spaces
and elements within the building or facility, including adaptable dwelling units.
2.
Protruding objects.....
4.4
3.
Ground and floor surface
treatments....
Parking and passenger
loading zones.....
4.5
Curb ramps
Ramps
Stairs
Elevator
Platform lift
Drinking fountains and
water coolers
Drinking fountains and
bathing facilities
(including water closets,
toilet rooms and stalls,
urinals. Lavatories and
mirrors, bathtubs, shower
stalls, and sinks.)
Seating, tables, or work
surfaces
Places of assembly
Common-use spaces and
facilities (including
swimming pools,
playgrounds, entrances,
rental offices, lobbies,
elevators, mailbox areas,
lounges, halls and
corridors, and the like.)
Laundry rooms
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.15
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
4.6
4.22
4.30
(d) Where site or legal constraints prevent a route accessible to wheelchair users
between covered multifamily dwellings and public or common-use facilities
elsewhere on the site, an accept able alternative is the provision of access via a
vehicular route so long as there is accessible parking on an accessible route to at
least 2% of covered dwelling units and necessary site provisions such as parking
and curb cuts are available at the public or common use facility.
Accessible routes or maneuvering space including floors, walks, ramps, stairs,
and curb ramps.
Accessible routes, rooms, and spaces, including floors, walks, ramps, stairs, and
curb ramps.
If provided at the site, designated accessible parking at the dwelling unit on
request of residents with handicaps on the same terms and with the full range of
choices (e.g., surface parking or garage) that are provided for other residents of
the project with accessible parking on a route accessible to wheelchairs for at
least 2% of the covered dwelling units: accessible visitor parking sufficient to
provide access to grade level entrances of covered multifamily dwellings; and
accessible parking at facilities (e.g., swimming pools) that serve accessible
buildings.
Accessible routes crossing curbs.
Accessible routes with slopes greater than 1:20.
Stairs on accessible routes connecting levels not connected by an elevator.
If provided.
May be used in lieu of an elevator or ramp under certain conditions.
Fifty percent of fountains and coolers on each floor, or at least one, if provided in
the facility or at the site.
Where provided in public-use and common-use facilities, at least one of each
fixture provided per room.
If provided in accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided.
4.31
If provided in the facility or at the site.
4.1
If provided in the facility or at the site:
through
(a) Where multiple recreational facilities (e.g., tennis courts) are provided
4.30
sufficient accessible facilities or each type to assure suitable opportunity for use
by areas, lounges, persons with handicaps.
(b) Where practical access to all or a portion of nature trails and jogging paths.
4.32.6
If provided in the facility or at the site, at least one or each type of appliances
provided in each laundry area, except that laundry rooms serving covered
multiple-family dwellings would not be required to have front-loading washers in
order to meet the requirements of 100.205(c)(1). (Where front-loading washers are
not provided, management will be expected to provide assistive devices on
request if necessary to permit a resident to use a top loading washer.)
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Requirement 3. Usable doors.
Section 100.205(c)(2) provides that covered multifamily dwellings
with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed in
such a manner that all the doors designed to allow passage by
handicapped persons in wheelchairs.
Guideline
Section 100.205(c)(2) would apply to doors that are a part of an
accessible route in the public and common use areas of multifamily
dwellings and to doors into and within individual dwelling units.
(1) On accessible routes in public and common use areas ,and for
primary entry doors to covered units, doors that comply with ANSI 4.13
would meet this requirement.
(2) Within individual dwelling units, doors intended for user passage
through the unit which have a clear opening of at least 32 inches
nominal width when the door is open 90 degrees, measured between the
face of the door and the stop, would meet this requirement. (See Fig.
1(a), (b), and (c).) Openings more than 24 inches in depth are not
considered doorways. (See Fig. 1(d).)
Note:
A 34-inch door, hung in the standard manner, provides an acceptable
nominal 32-inch clear opening. This door can be adapted to provide a
wider opening by using offset hinges, by removing lower portions of the
door stop, or both. Pocket or sliding doors are acceptable doors in
covered dwelling units and have the added advantage of not impinging
on clear floor space in small rooms. The nominal 32-inch clear opening
provided by a standard six-foot sliding patio door assembly is
acceptable.
FIGURE 1
CLEAR DOORWAY WIDTH AND DEPTH
8
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Requirement 4 - Accessible route into and through the covered
dwelling unit.
Section 100.205(c)(3)(i) provides that covered multifamily dwellings
with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and
constructed in such a manner that all premises within covered
multifamily dwelling units contain an accessible route into and
through the covered dwelling unit.
Guideline
Accessible routes into and through dwelling units would meet
Section 100.205(c)(3)(i) if:
(1) A minimum clear width of 36 inches is provided.
(2) In single-story dwelling units, changes in level within the dwelling
unit with heights between 1/4 inch and 1/2 inch are beveled with a slope
no greater than 1:2. Except for design features, such as a loft or an area
on a different level within a room (e.g., a sunken living room), changes
in level greater than 12 inch are ramped or have other means of access.
Where a single story dwelling unit has special design features, all
portions of the single-story unit, except the loft or the sunken or raised
area, are on an accessible route; and
(a) In single-story dwelling units with lofts, all spaces other than the
loft are on an accessible route.
(b) Design features such as sunken or raised functional areas do not
interrupt the accessible route through the remainder of the dwelling
unit.
(3) In multistory dwelling units in buildings with elevators, the story of
the unit that is served by the building elevator (a) is the primary entry to
the unit, (b) complies with Requirements 2 through 7 with respect to the
rooms located on the entry/accessible floor; and (c) contains a bathroom
or powder room which complies with Requirement 7. (Note: multistory
dwelling units in non-elevator buildings are not covered dwelling units
because, in such cases, there is no ground floor unit).
(5) Exterior deck, patio, or balcony surfaces are no more than 1/2 inch
below the floor level of the interior of the dwelling unit, unless they are
constructed of impervious material such as concrete, brick or flagstone.
In such case the surface is no more than 4 inches below the floor level of
the interior of the dwelling unit, or lower if required by local building
code.
(6) At the primary entry door to dwelling units with direct exterior
access, outside landing surfaces constructed of impervious materials
such as concrete, brick or flagstone, are no more than 1/2 inch below the
floor level of the interior of the dwelling unit. The finished surface of
this area that is located immediately outside the entry may be sloped, up
to 1/8 inch per foot (12 inches), for drainage.
Requirement 5 - Light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats
and other environmental controls in accessible locations.
Section 100.205(c)(3)(ii) requires that all covered multifamily dwellings
with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and
constructed in such a manner that all premises within covered
multifamily dwelling unit contain light switches, electrical outlets,
thermostats, and other environmental controls in accessible locations.
Guideline
Light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats and other environmental
controls would meet Section 100.205(c)(3)(ii) if operable parts of the
controls are located no higher than 48 inches, and no lower than 15
inches, above the floor. If the reach is over an obstruction (for example,
an overhanging shelf) between 20 and 25 inches in depth, the maximum
height is reduced to 44 inches for forward approach; or 46 inches for
side approach, provided the obstruction (for example, a kitchen base
cabinet) is no more than 24 inches in depth. Obstructions should not
extend more than 25 inches from the wall beneath a control (See Figure
FHAG-2.)
Note:
(4) Except as provided in Paragraphs (5) and (6) below, thresholds at
exterior doors, including sliding door tracks, are no higher than 3/4 inch.
Thresholds and changes in level at these locations are beveled with a
slope no greater than 1:2.
Controls or outlets that do not satisfy these specifications are
acceptable provided that comparable controls or outlets (i.e., that
perform the same functions) are provided within the same area and are
accessible, in accordance with this guideline for Requirement 5.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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or
FIGURE 2
REACH RANGES
10
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Requirement 6 - Reinforced walls for grab bars.
Section 100.205(c)(3)(iii)requires that covered multifamily dwellings
with a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and
constructed in such a manner that all premises within covered
multifamily dwelling units contain reinforcements in bathroom walls to
allow later installation of grab bars around toilet, tub, shower stall and
shower seat, where such facilities are provided.
Guideline
Reinforced bathroom walls to allow later installation of grab bars around
the toilet, tub, shower stall and shower seat, where such facilities are
provided, would meet Section 100.205(c)(3)(iii) if reinforced areas are
provided at least at those points where grab bars will be mounted. (For
example, see Fig. 3, 4 and 5.) Where the toilet is not placed adjacent to a
side wall, the bathroom would comply if provision was made for
installation of floor mounted, foldaway or similar alternative grab bars.
Where the power room (a room with a toilet and sink) is the only toilet
facility located on an accessible level of a multistory dwelling unit, it
must comply with this requirement for reinforced walls for grab bars.
Note:
Installation of bathtubs is not limited by the illustrative figures; a tub
may have shelves or benches at either end; or a tub may be installed
without surrounding walls, if there is provision for alternative mounting
of grab bars. For example, a sunken tub placed away from walls could
have reinforced areas for installation of floor-mounted grab bars. The
same principle applies to shower stalls - e.g., glass-walled stalls could be
planned to allow floor-mounted grab bars to be installed later.
Reinforcement for grab bars may be provided in a variety of ways (for
example, by plywood or wood blocking) so long as the necessary
reinforcement is placed so as to permit later installation of appropriate
grab bars.
FIGURE 3
WATER CLOSETS IN ADAPTABLE BATHROOMS
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
FIGURE 4
LOCATION OF GRAB BAR REINFORCEMENTS FOR ADAPTABLE BATHTUBS
NOTE: The areas outlined in dashed lines represent locations for future installations of grab bars for typical fixture configurations.
FIGURE 5
LOCATION OF GRAB BAR REINFORCEMENTS FOR ADAPTABLE SHOWERS
NOTE: The areas outlined in dashed lines represent locations for future installations of grab bars.
12
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
Requirement 7 - Usable kitchens and bathrooms.
Section 100.205(c)(3)(iv) requires that covered multifamily dwellings with
a building entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and
constructed in such a manner that all premises within covered multifamily
dwelling units contain usable kitchens and bathrooms such that an
individual in a wheelchair can maneuver about the space.
Guideline
(1) Usable kitchens. Usable kitchens would meet Section 100.205(c)(3)(iv)
if:
(a) A clear floor space at least 30 inches by 48 inches that allows a
parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair is provided at the range or
cooktop and sink and either a parallel or forward approach is provided
at oven, dish washer, refrigerator/freezer or trash compactor. (See
Figure FHAG-6)
(b) Clearance between counters and all opposing base cabinets,
countertops, appliances or walls is at least 40 inches.
(c) In U-shaped kitchens with sink or range or cooktop at the base of the
“U”, a 60-inch turning radius is provided to allow parallel approach, or
base cabinets are removable at that location to allow knee space for a
forward approach.
(2) Usable bathrooms. To meet the requirements of Section
100.205(c)(3)(iv) either.
All bathrooms in the dwelling unit comply with option 2, or the
provisions of Paragraph (a): or
At least one bathroom in the dwelling unit complies with the provisions
of Paragraph (b), and all other bathrooms and powder rooms within the
dwelling unit must be on an accessible route with usable entry doors in
accordance with the guidelines for Requirements 3 and 4.
However, in multistory dwelling units, only those bathrooms on the
accessible level are subject to the requirements of Section
100.205(c)(3)(accessibility). Where a powder room is the only facility
provided on the accessible level of a multistory dwelling unit, the
powder room must comply with provisions of Paragraph (a) or
Paragraph (b). Powder rooms that are subject to the requirements of
Section 100.205(c)(3)(iv) must have reinforcements for grab bars as
provided in the guideline for Requirement 6.
(a) Bathrooms that have reinforced walls for grab bars (see
Requirement 6) would meet Section 100.205(c)(3)(iv) if:
(i) Sufficient maneuvering space is provided within the bathroom for
a person using a wheelchair or other mobility aid to enter and close
the door, use the fixtures, reopen the door and exit. Doors may swing
into the clear floor space provided at any fixture if the maneuvering
space is provided. Maneuvering spaces may include any kneespace or
toespace available below bathroom fixtures.
(ii) Clear floor space is provided at fixtures as shown in Figure
FHAG-7(a), Figure FHAG-7(b), Figure FHAG-7(c) and Figure
FHAG-7(d). Clear floor space at fixtures may overlap.
(iii) If the shower stall is the only bathing facility provided in the
covered dwelling unit, the shower stall measures at least 36 inches x
36 inches.
Note:
Cabinets under lavatories are acceptable provided the bathroom has space
to allow a parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair; if parallel
approach is not possible within the space, any cabinets provided would
have to be removable to afford the necessary knee clearance for forward
approach.
(b) Bathrooms that have reinforced walls for grab bars (see
Requirement 6) would meet Section 100.205(c)(3)(iv) if:
(i) Where the door swings into the bathroom, there is a clear space
(approximately 2’6" by 4’0") within the room to position a
wheelchair or other mobility aid clear of the path of the door as it is
closed and to permit use of fixtures. This clear space can include any
kneespace and toespace available below bathroom fixtures.
(ii) Where the door swings out, a clear space is provided within the
bathroom for a person using a wheelchair or other mobility aid to
position the wheelchair such that the person is allowed use of fixtures.
There also shall be clear space to allow persons using wheelchairs to
reopen the door to exit.
(iii) When both tub and shower fixtures are provided in the bathroom,
at least one is made accessible. When two or more lavatories in a
bathroom are provided, at least one is made accessible.
(iv) Toilets are located within bathrooms in a manner that permit a
grab bar to be installed on one side of the fixture. In locations where
toilets are adjacent to walls or bathtubs, the center line of the fixture is
a minimum of 1¢6" from the obstacle. The other (non-grab bar) side
of the toilet fixture is a minimum of 1’3" from the finished surface of
adjoining walls, vanities or from the edge of a lavatory. (See Figure
FHAG-7(a).
(v) Vanities and lavatories are installed with the centerline of the
fixture a minimum of 1¢3" horizontally from an adjoining wall or
fixture. The top of the fixture rim is a maximum height of 2¢10"
above the finished floor. If kneespace is provided below the vanity,
the bottom of the apron is at least 2¢3" above the floor. If provided,
full kneespace (for front approach) is at least 1¢5" deep. (See Figure
FHAG-7(c).)
(vi) Bathtubs and tub/showers located in the bathroom provide a clear
access aisle adjacent to the lavatory that is at least 2’6" wide and
extends for a length of 4¢0" (measured from the foot of the bathtub).
(See Figure FHAG-8.)
(vii) Stall showers in the bathroom may be of any size or
configuration. A minimum clear floor space 2¢6" wide by 4¢0"
should be available outside the stall. (See Figure FHAG-7(d).) If the
shower stall is the only bathing facility provided in the covered
dwelling unit, or on the accessible level of a covered multistory unit,
and measures a nominal 36 x 36, the shower stall must have
reinforcing to allow for installation of an optional wall hung bench
seat.
FIGURE 6
MINIMUM CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR WHEELCHAIRS
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FIGURE 7
CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR ADAPTABLE BATHROOMS
14
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
FIGURE 7 (continued)
CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR ADAPTABLE BATHROOMS
NOTE: Clear floor space beside tub may overlap with clear floor space beneath adjacent fixtures.
Government Printing Office: 1992 - 312-222/4111
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — ACCESSIBILITY, 8th EDITION (2023)
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760 mm
2′ -6″ min
FAIR HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES
4′ -0″
1220
FIGURE 8
ALTERNATIVE SPECIFICATION CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT BATHTUB
Appendix III to Ch.I, Subchapter A —
Preamble to Final Housing Accessibility
Guidelines (Published March 6, 1991).
(FR Doc. 91-5228 Filed 3-5-91; 8:45 am)
BILLING CODE 4210-38-M
BILLING CODE 4210-24-C
16
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ADVISORY
The Federal “Barrier Removal” Mandate
and the
Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction
Section 101.2 of the Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction addresses the effect of the Code on
removal of barriers in existing buildings. Federal law and regulations mandate “Barrier Removal,” Florida law and the
Florida Accessibility Code do not. The Florida Accessibility Code is invoked for “Barrier Removal” only when
alterations are made to a facility to comply with the federal mandate either voluntarily or as directed by a federal
enforcement action (28 C.F.R. 36 Subpart E). The effect of the Florida Accessibility Code is to apply Florida
accessibility criteria to barrier removal measures employed to comply with the federal mandate.
The US Department of Justice (DOJ) regulation 28 C.F.R. s. 36.304 for “Barrier Removal” implements the federal
law mandate by requiring public accommodations to remove architectural barriers in existing facilities that are
structural in nature, where removal is “readily achievable.” The mandate applies to all existing facilities including
those not undergoing an alteration for some purpose. The DOJ regulation establishes guidance on “readily
achievable” measures and requires compliance with the alterations requirements of the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design (ADA Standards). It also provides exceptions to application of the ADA Standards to better match
the “readily achievable” standard for “Barrier Removal.”
Section 553.508, Florida Statutes, requires removal of architectural barriers conducted pursuant to the DOJ
regulation to comply with the alterations requirements of the Florida Accessibility Code, “…unless compliance would
render the removal not readily achievable.” The law both defers to the DOJ regulation to require “Barrier Removal” in
existing facilities and maintains the federal “readily achievable” standard for alterations undertaken to comply with
“Barrier Removal.” The DOJ regulation exceptions for application of the ADA Standards to barrier removal measures
are incorporated in section 202.6.1 of the Florida Accessibility Code so the Code approach to “readily achievable” is
consistent with the DOJ regulation. These Code exceptions apply only to alterations undertaken to remove
architectural barriers pursuant to the DOJ regulation.
FLORIDA ACCESSIBILITY CODE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, 2012 EDITION
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BUILDING
Eighth Edition
CODE (2023)
Building
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101674064
FLORIDA
BUILDING
Eighth Edition
CODE (2023)
Building
Item No. 5601L23
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
Florida Building Code, Building, 8th Edition (2023)
First Printing: July 2023
ISBN: 978-1-960701-10-7 (loose-leaf edition)
ISBN: 978-1-960701-11-4 (PDF download)
COPYRIGHT © 2023
by
INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This Florida Building Code, Building, 8th Edition (2023) contains substantial copyrighted materials from the Florida Building Code, Building, 7th Edition (2020) and the 2021 International Building Code®, second printing, which are copyrighted works owned by the International Code Council, Inc. (“ICC”). Without separate written
permission from the copyright owner, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or
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PRINTED IN THE USA
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PREFACE
History
The State of Florida first mandated statewide building codes during the 1970s at the beginning of
the modern construction boom. The first law required all municipalities and counties to adopt and
enforce one of the four state-recognized model codes known as the “state minimum building
codes.” During the early 1990s a series of natural disasters, together with the increasing complexity
of building construction regulation in vastly changed markets, led to a comprehensive review of the
state building code system. The study revealed that building code adoption and enforcement was
inconsistent throughout the state and those local codes thought to be the strongest proved inadequate when tested by major hurricane events. The consequences of the building codes system failure were devastation to lives and economies and a statewide property insurance crisis. The
response was a reform of the state building construction regulatory system that placed emphasis on
uniformity and accountability.
The 1998 Florida Legislature amended Chapter 553, Florida Statutes, Building Construction Standards, to create a single state building code that is enforced by local governments. As of March 1,
2002, the Florida Building Code, which is developed and maintained by the Florida Building Commission, supersedes all local building codes. The Florida Building Code is updated every three years and
may be amended in the interim in accordance with criteria set out in Section 553.73, Florida Statutes.
Scope
The Florida Building Code is based on national model building codes and national consensus standards, in addition to Florida-specific provisions. The code incorporates all building constructionrelated regulations for public and private buildings in the State of Florida other than those specifically exempted by Section 553.73, Florida Statutes. It has been harmonized with the Florida Fire Prevention Code, which is developed and maintained by the Department of Financial Services, Office of
the State Fire Marshal, to establish unified and consistent standards.
The model codes used for the Florida Building Code, 8th Edition (2023) include: the 2021 editions
of the International Building Code®; the International Plumbing Code®; the International Mechanical
Code®; the International Fuel Gas Code®; the International Residential Code®; the International
Existing Building Code®; the International Energy Conservation Code®; the National Electrical Code,
2020 edition; or substantive criteria from ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019. State and local codes
adopted and incorporated into the code include the Florida Building Code, Accessibility, and special
hurricane protection standards for the High-Velocity Hurricane Zone.
The code is composed of nine main volumes: the Florida Building Code, Building, which also
includes state regulations for licensed facilities; the Florida Building Code, Plumbing; the Florida
Building Code, Mechanical; the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas; the Florida Building Code, Existing
Building; the Florida Building Code, Residential; the Florida Building Code, Energy Conservation; the
Florida Building Code, Accessibility and the Florida Building Code, Test Protocols for High-Velocity
Hurricane Zones. Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building, adopts the National Electrical
Code, NFPA 70, by reference.
Under certain strictly defined conditions, local governments may amend technical requirements
to be more stringent than the code. All local technical amendments to the Florida Building Code
must be adopted in accordance with the requirements of Section 553.73(4), Florida Statutes, and
reported to the Florida Building Commission, then posted on www.floridabuilding.org in legislative
format for 30 days prior to being enforced. Local amendments to the Florida Building Code and the
Florida Fire Prevention Code may be obtained from the Florida Building Commission website, or
from the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation or the Florida Department of
Financial Services, Office of the State Fire Marshal, respectively.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
iii
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101674064
Adoption and Maintenance
An updated edition of the Florida Building Code is adopted triennially by the Florida Building Commission. The code may also be amended between updates in order to incorporate the Florida Building Commission’s interpretations into the code, address conflicts, and update standards, among
other statutorily specified reasons. Minimum requirements for permitting, plans review and inspections are established by the code, and local jurisdictions may adopt additional administrative
requirements that are more stringent. Local technical amendments are subject to strict criteria
established by Section 553.73(4), Florida Statutes. They are subject to Commission review during
each triennial update of the code, and may be either adopted into the updated edition of the code
or repealed. Local technical amendments are also subject to appeal according to the procedures
established by Section 553.73(4), Florida Statutes.
Eleven Technical Advisory Committees (TACs), which are constituted consistent with American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) Guidelines, review proposed code changes and clarifications of
the code and make recommendations to the Commission. These TACs whose membership is constituted consistent with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Guidelines include: Accessibility;
Joint Building Fire (a joint committee of the Commission and the State Fire Marshal); Building Structural; Code Administration/Enforcement; Electrical; Energy; Mechanical; Plumbing and Fuel Gas;
Roofing; Swimming Pool; and Special Occupancy (state agency construction and facility licensing
regulations).
The Commission may only issue official code interpretations using procedures set out by Chapter
120, Florida Statutes. To obtain such an interpretation, a request for a declaratory statement must be
made to the Florida Building Commission in a manner that establishes a clear set of facts and circumstances and identifies the section of the code in question. Requests are analyzed by staff, reviewed by
the appropriate Technical Advisory Committee, and sent to the Florida Building Commission for
action. These interpretations establish precedents for situations having similar facts and circumstances and are typically incorporated into the code in the next code amendment cycle. Nonbinding
interpretations are available from the Building Officials Association of Florida’s website
(www.BOAF.net) and a binding interpretation process is available online at www.floridabuilding.org.
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a change from the requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building, 7th Edition (2020) to the Florida Building Code, Building, 8th Edition (2023) effective December 31, 2023.
Sections deleted from the base code are designated “Reserved” in order to maintain the structure of the base code.
Italicized Terms
Selected terms set forth in Chapter 2, Definitions, are italicized where they appear in code text.
Such terms are not italicized where the definition set forth in Chapter 2 does not impart the
intended meaning in the use of the term. The terms selected have definitions that the user should
read carefully to facilitate better understanding of the code.
Acknowledgments
The Florida Building Code is produced through the efforts and contributions of building designers,
contractors, product manufacturers, regulators and other interested parties who participate in the
Florida Building Commission’s consensus processes, Commission staff and the participants in the
national model code development processes.
iv
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION. . . . 1
309
Mercantile Group M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
310
Residential Group R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
311
Storage Group S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Section
312
Utility and Miscellaneous Group U . . . . . . . . . . . 65
101
Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
102
Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
CHAPTER 4
SPECIAL DETAILED
REQUIREMENTS BASED ON
OCCUPANCY AND USE . . . . . . . . . . 67
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND
ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section
103
Department of Building Safety (Reserved) . . . . . . 4
401
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
104
Duties and Powers of Building Official . . . . . . . . . 4
402
Covered Mall and Open Mall Buildings . . . . . . . 67
105
Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
403
High-Rise Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
106
Floor and Roof Design Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
404
Atriums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
107
Submittal Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
405
Underground Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
108
Temporary Structures and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
406
Motor-Vehicle-Related Occupancies. . . . . . . . . . 76
109
Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
407
Group I-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
110
Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
408
Group I-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
111
Certificate of Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
409
Motion Picture Projection Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
112
Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
410
113
Board of Appeals (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Stages, Platforms and Technical
Production Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
114
Violations (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
411
Special Amusement Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
115
Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
412
Aircraft-Related Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
116
Unsafe Structures and Equipment (Reserved) . . . 22
413
Combustible Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
117
Variances in Flood Hazard Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
414
Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
415
Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 . . . . . . . . . . 96
416
Application of Flammable Finishes . . . . . . . . . . 106
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section
417
Drying Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
201
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
418
Organic Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
202
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
419
Artificial Decorative Vegetation . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
420
Groups I-1, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4 . . . . . . . . . . 107
421
Hydrogen Fuel Gas Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
422
Ambulatory Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
CHAPTER 3
USE AND OCCUPANCY
CLASSIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Section
423
Storm Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
301
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
424
Play Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
302
Occupancy Classification and
Use Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
425
Hyperbaric Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
303
Assembly Group A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
426
Combustible Dusts,
Grain Processing and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
304
Business Group B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
305
Educational Group E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
427 through 448
Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
306
Factory Group F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
449
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
307
High-Hazard Group H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
450
Nursing Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
308
Institutional Group I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
451
Ambulatory Surgical Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
452
Birthing Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
CHAPTER 7
453
State Requirements for
Educational Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Section
FIRE AND SMOKE
PROTECTION FEATURES . . . . . . . 241
454
Swimming Pools and Bathing
Places (Public and Private). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
702
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
455
Public Lodging Establishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
703
Fire-Resistance Ratings and Fire Tests . . . . . . . 241
456
Public Food Service Establishments . . . . . . . . . 185
704
457
Mental Health Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Fire-Resistance Rating of
Structural Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
458
Manufactured Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
705
Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
459
Boot Camps for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
706
Fire Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
460
Mausoleums and Columbariums . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
707
Fire Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
461
Transient Public Lodging Establishments . . . . . 198
708
Fire Partitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
462
Use of Asbestos in New Public Buildings or
Buildings Newly Constructed for Lease to
Government Entities—Prohibition. . . . . . . . . 199
709
Smoke Barriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
710
Smoke Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
711
Floor and Roof Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
463
Adult Day Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
712
Vertical Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
464
Assisted Living Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
713
Shaft Enclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
465
Control of Radiation Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
714
Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
466
Day Care Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
715
Joints and Voids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
467
Hospice Inpatient Facilities and Units and
Hospice Residential Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
716
Opening Protectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
717
Ducts and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . 269
468
Schools, Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . 213
718
Concealed Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
469
Office Surgery Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
719
Fire-Resistance Requirements for Plaster . . . . . 276
720
Thermal- and Sound-Insulating Materials . . . . . 276
721
Prescriptive Fire Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
722
Calculated Fire Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
CHAPTER 5
GENERAL BUILDING
HEIGHTS AND AREAS . . . . . . . . . . 221
Section
501
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
502
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
503
General Building Height
and Area Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
504
Building Height and Number of Stories. . . . . . . 222
505
Mezzanines and Equipment Platforms . . . . . . . . 222
506
Building Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
507
Unlimited Area Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
508
Mixed Use and Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
509
510
CHAPTER 8
Section
801
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
802
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
803
Wall and Ceiling Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
804
Interior Floor Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
805
Combustible Materials in Types I
and II Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Incidental Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
806
Decorative Materials and Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Special Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
807
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
CHAPTER 6
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION . . . . . 237
808
Acoustical Ceiling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
809
Artificial Decorative Vegetation on Buildings
and in Outdoor Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Section
601
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
602
Construction Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
CHAPTER 9
603
Combustible Material in
Types I and II Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Section
vi
INTERIOR FINISHES AND
DECORATIVE MATERIALS . . . . . 331
901
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . 337
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
902
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
1023
903
Automatic Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
1024
Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
904
Alternative Automatic
Fire-Extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
1025
Luminous Egress Path Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
1026
Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
905
Standpipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
1027
Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . 413
906
Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
1028
Exit Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
907
Fire Alarm and Detection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . 351
1029
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
908
Emergency Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
1030
Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
909
Smoke Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
1031
Egress Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
910
Smoke and Heat Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
911
Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
CHAPTER 11 ACCESSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
912
Fire Department Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Section
913
Fire Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
1101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
914
Emergency Responder Safety Features . . . . . . . 375
1102
Definitions (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
915
Carbon Monoxide Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
1103
Scoping Requirements (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . 425
916
Gas Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
1104
Accessible Route (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
917
Emergency Responder Radio Coverage. . . . . . . 376
1105
Accessible Entrances (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1106
Parking and Passenger
Loading Facilities (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1107
Dwelling Units and
Sleeping Units (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Section
Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . 409
1001
Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
1002
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
1108
Special Occupancies (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1003
General Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
1109
Other Features and Facilities (Reserved) . . . . . . 425
1004
Occupant Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
1110
Recreational Facilities (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1005
Means of Egress Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
1111
Signage (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
1006
Number of Exits and
Exit Access Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT . . . . . 427
Exit and Exit Access
Doorway Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Section
1201
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
1008
Means of Egress Illumination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
1202
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
1009
Accessible Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
1203
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
1010
Doors, Gates and Turnstiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
1204
Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
1011
Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
1205
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
1012
Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
1206
Yards or Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
1013
Exit Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
1207
Sound Transmission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
1014
Handrails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
1208
Interior Space Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
1015
Guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
1209
Access to Unoccupied Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
1016
Exit Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
1210
Toilet and Bathroom Requirements . . . . . . . . . . 432
1017
Exit Access Travel Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
1211
Enhanced Classroom Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
1018
Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
1019
Exit Access Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . 406
CHAPTER 13 ENERGY EFFICIENCY . . . . . . . . . . 433
1020
Corridors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Section
1021
Egress Balconies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
1301
1022
Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
1007
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
vii
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
1521
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Reroofing. . . 479
Section
1522
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Rooftop
Structures and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
1401
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
1402
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
1523
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Testing. . . . . 481
1403
Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
1524
1404
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Required
Owner’s Notification for Roofing
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
1405
Installation of Wall Coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
1525
1406
Combustible Materials on the
Exterior Side of Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . 444
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Uniform
Permit Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
1407
Metal Composite Materials (MCM). . . . . . . . . . 445
CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . 491
1408
Exterior Insulation and
Finish Systems (EIFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Section
1409
High-Pressure Decorative Exterior-Grade
Compact Laminates (HPL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
1602
Definitions and Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
1603
Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
1604
General Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
1605
Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
CHAPTER 15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND
ROOFTOP STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . 451
1606
Dead Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
1607
Live Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Section
1410
Soffits and Facias at Roof Overhangs . . . . . . . . 447
1411
Plastic Composite Decking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
1601
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
1608
Snow Loads (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
1501
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
1609
Wind Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
1502
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
1610
Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . 512
1503
Weather Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
1611
Rain Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
1504
Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
1612
Flood Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
1505
Fire Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
1613
Earthquake Loads (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
1506
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
1614
Atmospheric Ice Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
1507
Requirements for Roof Coverings . . . . . . . . . . . 455
1615
Structural Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
1508
Roof Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
1616
1509
Roof Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
1510
Rooftop Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
General, Deflection, Volume Changes
and Minimum Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
1511
Existing Roofing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
1617
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Roof Drainage (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
1512
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—General. . . . . 467
1618
1513
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Definitions. . . 468
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Special Load Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
1514
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Weather Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
1619
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Live Load Reductions (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . 521
1515
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
1620
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Wind Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
1516
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Fire Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
1621
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Overturning Moment and Uplift . . . . . . . . . . 522
1517
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Materials . . . 472
1622
1518
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Roof
Coverings with Slopes 2:12 or Greater . . . . . 473
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Screen Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
1623
1519
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Roof
Coverings with Slopes Less than 2:12 . . . . . . 476
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Live Loads Posted and Occupancy Permits
(Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
1520
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Roof Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
1624
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Foundation Design (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . 522
viii
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1625
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
1821
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Monolithic Footings (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . 559
1626
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Impact Tests for Wind-Borne Debris . . . . . . . 523
1822
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Pile Foundations (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1823
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Wood Piles (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1824
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Precast Concrete Piles (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . 559
1825
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Prestressed Precast
Concrete Piles (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1826
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Cast-in-Place (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1827
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Rolled Structural Shapes (Reserved) . . . . . . . 559
1828
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Special Piles or Special
Conditions (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1829
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Load Tests on Piles (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1830
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Foundation Walls and
Grade Beams (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1831
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Grades Under Buildings (Reserved) . . . . . . . 559
1832
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Retaining Walls (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1833
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Seawalls and Bulkheads (Reserved) . . . . . . . 559
1834
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Soil Improvement (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
CHAPTER 17 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
AND TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Section
1701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
1702
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
1703
Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
1704
Special Inspections and Tests,
Contractor Responsibility
and Structural Observation (Reserved) . . . . . 528
1705
Required Special Inspections
and Tests (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
1706
Design Strengths of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
1707
Alternative Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
1708
In-Situ Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
1709
Preconstruction Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
1710
Anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS . . . . . . 535
Section
1801
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
1802
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
1803
Geotechnical Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
1804
Excavation, Grading and Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
1805
Dampproofing and Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . 537
1806
Presumptive Load-bearing Values of Soils . . . . 539
1807
Foundation Walls, Retaining Walls and
Embedded Posts and Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
CHAPTER 19 CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
1808
Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
1901
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
1809
Shallow Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
1902
Coordination of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
1810
Deep Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
1903
Specifications for Tests and Materials . . . . . . . . 561
1811 through 1815
Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
1904
Durability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
1905
Modifications to ACI 318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
1816
Termite Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
1906
Footings for Light-Frame Construction . . . . . . . 562
1817
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Excavations (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
1907
Minimum Slab Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
1818
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Bearing Capacity of Soil (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . 559
1908
Shotcrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
1909
Special Wind Provisions for Concrete . . . . . . . . 563
1819
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Soil Bearing Foundations (Reserved). . . . . . . 559
1910 through 1916
Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
1820
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Concrete Slabs on Fill (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . 559
1917
Lightweight Insulating Concrete Roofs . . . . . . . 563
1918
Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Section
ix
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1919
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
General (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
2115
Special Wind Provisions for Masonry . . . . . . . . 583
2116 and 2117
Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
1920
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Standards (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
2118
1921
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Definitions (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Design (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
2119
1922
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Materials (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Quality, Tests and Approvals. . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
2120
1923
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Concrete Quality (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Allowable Unit Stresses in Unit
Masonry (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
1924
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Mixing and Placing Concrete (Reserved). . . . 565
2121
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Construction Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
1925
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Formwork, Embedded Pipes and
Construction Joints (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . 565
2122
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Reinforced Unit Masonry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
1926
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Details of Reinforcement (Reserved) . . . . . . . 565
CHAPTER 22 STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
1927
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Precast Concrete Units (Reserved). . . . . . . . . 565
2201
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
2202
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
1928
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Prestressed Concrete (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . 565
2203
Identification and Protection of Steel
for Structural Purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
1929
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Pneumatically Placed
Concrete (Shotcrete) (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . 565
2204
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
2205
Structural Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
2206
Composite Structural Steel and
Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Section
CHAPTER 20 ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Section
2207
Steel Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
2001
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
2208
Steel Cable Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
2002
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
2209
Steel Storage Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
2003
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Aluminum . . . 569
2210
Cold-Formed Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
2211
Cold-Formed Steel Light-frame
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
2212
Gable End Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
2213
Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
2214
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
General—Steel Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
2215
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Material . . . . 592
2216
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Design Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
2217
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Minimum Thickness of Material . . . . . . . . . . 592
2218
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Connections (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
2219
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Tubular Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
2220
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Protection of Metal (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . 593
2221
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
General—Open Web Steel Joists. . . . . . . . . . 593
CHAPTER 21 MASONRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Section
2101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
2102
Definitions and Notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
2103
Masonry Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
2104
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
2105
Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
2106
Seismic Design (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
2107
Allowable Stress Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
2108
Strength Design of Masonry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
2109
Dry-Stack Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
2110
Glass Unit Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
2111
Masonry Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
2112
Masonry Heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
2113
Masonry Chimneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
2114
Termite Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
x
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2222
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Cold-Formed Steel Construction . . . . . . . . . . 593
2327
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Fire-Retardant Wood (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . 641
2223
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Preengineered, Prefabricated Metal
Building Systems and Components
(Preengineered Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
2328
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Wood Fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
2329
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Fire-Retardant-Treated
Shakes and Shingles (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . 641
2330
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Wood Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
2224
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Chain Link Fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
CHAPTER 23 WOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING . . . . . . . . . . 643
Section
2301
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Section
2302
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
2401
2303
Minimum Standards and Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
2402
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
2304
General Construction Requirements. . . . . . . . . . 606
2403
General Requirements for Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
2305
General Design Requirements for
Lateral Force-Resisting Systems . . . . . . . . . . 620
2404
Wind and Dead Loads on Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
2405
Sloped Glazing and Skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Allowable Stress Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
2406
Safety Glazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
2307
Load and Resistance Factor Design . . . . . . . . . . 628
2407
Glass in Handrails and Guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
2308
Conventional Light-Frame
Construction (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
2408
Glazing in Athletic Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
2409
Glass in Walkways, Elevator Hoistways
and Elevator Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
2410
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—General . . . . 650
2411
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Windows, Doors, Glass and Glazing . . . . . . . 650
2306
2309
Wood Frame Construction Manual . . . . . . . . . . 628
2310 through 2313
Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
2314
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
2315
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Quality . . . . . 630
2412
2316
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Sizes (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Glass Veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
2413
2317
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Unit Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Storm
Shutters/External Protective Devices. . . . . . . 653
2414
2318
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Vertical Framing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Curtain Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
2415
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Structural Glazing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
2319
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Horizontal Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
2320
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Firestops (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
CHAPTER 25 GYPSUM BOARD,
GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCTS
AND PLASTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
2321
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Section
2501
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
2322
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
2502
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
2323
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Furring (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
2503
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
2504
Vertical and Horizontal Assemblies . . . . . . . . . 657
2324
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
2505
Shear Wall Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
2506
Gypsum Board and
Gypsum Panel Product Materials. . . . . . . . . . 657
2507
Lathing and Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
2508
Gypsum Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
2509
Showers and Water Closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
2325
2326
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Wood Supporting Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Protection of Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
xi
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2510
Lathing and Furring for Cement
Plaster (Stucco). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
CHAPTER 28 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . 681
2511
Interior Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
2801
2512
Exterior Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
2513
Exposed Aggregate Plaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
CHAPTER 29 PLUMBING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . 683
2514
Reinforced Gypsum Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Section
2515
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Lathing (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2516
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Plaster (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2517
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Stucco (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2518
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Gypsum Board Products and
Accessory Items (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2519
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Suspended and Furred Ceilings
(Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2520
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Asbestos (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
2521
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—
Tile (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
CHAPTER 26 PLASTIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Section
2601
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
2602
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
2603
Foam Plastic Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
2604
Interior Finish and Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Section
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
2901
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
2902
Minimum Plumbing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
2903
Installation of Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
CHAPTER 30 ELEVATORS AND
CONVEYING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . 689
Section
3001
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
3002
Hoistway Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
3003
Emergency Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
3004
Conveying Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
3005
Machine Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
3006
Elevator Lobbies and
Hoistway Opening Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
3007
Fire Service Access Elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
3008
Occupant Evacuation Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
3009
Elevator Accessibility Requirements for
the Physically Handicapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
3010
Serial Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
3011
Electrolysis Protection for Underground
Hydraulic Elevator Cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
3012
Alterations to Electric and Hydraulic
Elevators and Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
3013
Clearance Requirements between Elevator
Doors for Elevators Inside a
Private Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
2605
Plastic Veneer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
2606
Light-Transmitting Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
2607
Light-Transmitting Plastic Wall Panels . . . . . . . 673
2608
Light-Transmitting Plastic Glazing . . . . . . . . . . 674
CHAPTER 31 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . 701
2609
Light-Transmitting Plastic Roof Panels . . . . . . . 674
Section
2610
Light-Transmitting Plastic Skylight Glazing . . . 675
3101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
2611
Light-Transmitting Plastic Interior Signs. . . . . . 675
3102
Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
2612
Plastic Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
3103
Temporary Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
2613
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
3104
Pedestrian Walkways and Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . 702
2614
Reflective Plastic Core Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . 677
3105
Awnings and Canopies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
2615
High-Velocity Hurricane Zones—Plastics . . . . . 677
3106
Marquees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
3107
Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
CHAPTER 27 ELECTRICAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
3108
Telecommunication and Broadcast Towers. . . . 705
Section
3109
Structures Seaward of a Coastal Construction
Control Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
3110
Automatic Vehicular Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
2701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
2702
Emergency and Standby Power Systems . . . . . . 679
xii
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3111
Solar Energy Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
3112
Deposit of Material in Tidewater Regulated . . . 709
3113
Lighting, Mirrors, Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
3114
Airport Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
3115
Exterior Elevated Flooring Systems. . . . . . . . . . 711
APPENDIX C FLORIDA STANDARD FOR
MITIGATION OF RADON IN
EXISTING BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . 765
APPENDIX D FIRE DISTRICTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
Section
CHAPTER 32 ENCROACHMENTS INTO THE
PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY . . . . . . . . 713
D101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
D102
Building Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
Section
D103
Changes to Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
D104
Buildings Located Partially in the
Fire District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
D105
Exceptions to Restrictions in Fire District . . . . . 774
CHAPTER 33 SAFEGUARDS DURING
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
D106
Referenced Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
Section
APPENDIX E FLORIDA STANDARD
FOR RADON-RESISTANT
NEW COMMERCIAL
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
3201
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
3202
Encroachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
3301
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
3302
Construction Safeguards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
3303
Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
3304
Site Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
3305
Sanitary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
3306
Protection of Pedestrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
3307
Protection of Adjoining Property . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
3308
Temporary Use of Streets, Alleys and
Public Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
3309
Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
3310
Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
APPENDIX H SIGNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
3311
Standpipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
Section
3312
Automatic Sprinkler System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
H101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
3313
Water Supply for Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
H102
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
H103
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
CHAPTER 34 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
CHAPTER 35 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 721
CHAPTER 36 FLORIDA FIRE
PREVENTION CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
APPENDIX A EMPLOYEE
QUALIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
Section
A101
Building Official Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
APPENDIX B CHAPTER 9B-52 F.A.C.
FLORIDA STANDARD FOR
PASSIVE RADON-RESISTANT
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
APPENDIX F RODENTPROOFING . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
Section
F101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
APPENDIX G FLOOD-RESISTANT
CONSTRUCTION (Reserved) . . . . . 791
H104
Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
H105
Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
H106
Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
H107
Combustible Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
H108
Animated Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
H109
Ground Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
H110
Roof Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
H111
Wall Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
H112
Projecting Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
H113
Marquee Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
H114
Portable Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
H115
Referenced Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
xiii
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDIX I
PATIO COVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
APPENDIX N BOARD OF APPEALS . . . . . . . . . . . 811
N101
Section
I101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
I102
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
I103
Exterior Walls and Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
I104
Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
I105
Structural Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
APPENDIX O PERFORMANCE-BASED
APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
O101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
APPENDIX J GRADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Section
J101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
J102
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
J103
Permits Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
J104
Permit Application and Submittals. . . . . . . . . . . 799
J105
Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
J106
Excavations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
J107
Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
J108
Setbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
J109
Drainage and Terracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
J110
Erosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
J111
Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
APPENDIX K ADMINISTRATIVE
PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Section
K101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
K102
Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
K103
Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
K104
Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
K105
Alternative Engineered Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
K106
Required Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
K107
Prefabricated Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
K108
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
K109
Reconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
K110
Condemning Electrical Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
K111
Electrical Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
APPENDIX L EARTHQUAKE RECORDING
INSTRUMENTATION
(Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
APPENDIX M TSUNAMI-GENERATED
FLOOD HAZARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
M101
Tsunami-Generated Flood Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . 809
M102
Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
xiv
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SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION
and/or appurtenances, including ventilating, heating, cooling, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems, incinerators and other energy-related systems.
SECTION 101
SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
[A] 101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the
Florida Building Code, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
[A] 101.4.3 Plumbing. The provisions of the Florida
Building Code, Plumbing shall apply to the installation,
alteration, repair and replacement of plumbing systems,
including equipment, appliances, fixtures, fittings and
appurtenances, and where connected to a water or sewage
system and all aspects of a medical gas system.
[A] 101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to
the construction, alteration, relocation, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every building or
structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such
buildings or structures.
Exceptions:
1. Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more
than three stories above grade plane in height with a
separate means of egress, and their accessory structures not more than three stories above grade plane
in height, shall comply with the Florida Building
Code, Residential.
2. Code requirements that address snow loads and
earthquake protection shall not be utilized or
enforced.
[A] 101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices
shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
[A] 101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to establish the
minimum requirements to provide a reasonable level of
safety, public health and general welfare through structural
strength, means of egress facilities, stability, sanitation, adequate light and ventilation, energy conservation, and safety to
life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the
built environment and to provide a reasonable level of safety
to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency
operations.
[A] 101.4 Referenced codes. The other codes listed in Sections 101.4.1 through 101.4.9 and referenced elsewhere in
this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this
code to the prescribed extent of each such reference.
[A] 101.4.1 Gas. The provisions of the Florida Building
Code, Fuel Gas shall apply to the installation of gas piping
from the point of delivery, gas appliances and related
accessories as covered in this code. These requirements
apply to gas piping systems extending from the point of
delivery to the inlet connections of appliances and the
installation and operation of residential and commercial
gas appliances and related accessories.
[A] 101.4.2 Mechanical. The provisions of the Florida
Building Code, Mechanical shall apply to the installation,
alterations, repairs and replacement of mechanical systems, including equipment, appliances, fixtures, fittings
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[A] 101.4.4 Property maintenance. Reserved.
[A] 101.4.5 Fire prevention. For provisions related to
fire prevention, refer to the Florida Fire Prevention Code.
The Florida Fire Prevention Code shall apply to matters
affecting or relating to structures, processes and premises
from the hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling or use of structures, materials or devices;
from conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare in the occupancy of structures or premises; and from
the construction, extension, repair, alteration or removal
of fire suppression, and alarm systems or fire hazards in
the structure or on the premises from occupancy or operation.
[A] 101.4.6 Energy. The provisions of the Florida Building Code, Energy Conservation shall apply to all matters
governing the design and construction of buildings for
energy efficiency.
[A] 101.4.7 Existing buildings. The provisions of the
Florida Building Code, Existing Building shall apply to
matters governing the repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition to and relocation of existing buildings.
101.4.8 Accessibility. For provisions related to accessibility, refer to the Florida Building Code, Accessibility.
101.4.9 Manufactured buildings. For additional administrative and special code requirements, see Section 458,
Florida Building Code, Building, and Rule 61-41 F.A.C.
SECTION 102
APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific
requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case,
different sections of this code specify different materials,
methods of construction or other requirements, the most
restrictive shall govern.
102.1.1 The Florida Building Code does not apply to, and
no code enforcement action shall be brought with respect
to, zoning requirements, land use requirements and owner
specifications or programmatic requirements which do not
pertain to and govern the design, construction, erection,
alteration, modification, repair or demolition of public or
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private buildings, structures or facilities or to programmatic requirements that do not pertain to enforcement of
the Florida Building Code. Additionally, a local code
enforcement agency may not administer or enforce the
Florida Building Code, Building to prevent the siting of
any publicly owned facility, including, but not limited to,
correctional facilities, juvenile justice facilities, or state
universities, community colleges, or public education
facilities, as provided by law.
(j) Temporary housing provided by the Department of
Corrections to any prisoner in the state correctional
system.
102.2 Building. The provisions of the Florida Building Code
shall apply to the construction, erection, alteration, modification, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every public and private
building, structure or facility or floating residential structure,
or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings,
structures or facilities. Additions, alterations, repairs and
changes of use or occupancy group in all buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions provided in the Florida Building Code, Existing Building. The following
buildings, structures and facilities are exempt from the Florida Building Code as provided by law, and any further
exemptions shall be as determined by the legislature and provided by law:
1. Is not rented or leased or used as a principal residence;
(a) Building and structures specifically regulated and preempted by the federal government.
(b) Railroads and ancillary facilities associated with the
railroad.
(c) Nonresidential farm buildings on farms.
(d) Temporary buildings or sheds used exclusively for
construction purposes.
2. Is not located within the 100-year flood plain
according to the Federal Emergency Management
Agency’s current Flood Insurance Rate Map; and
3. Is not connected to an off-site electric power or
water supply.
102.2.1 In addition to the requirements of Sections 553.79
and 553.80, Florida Statutes, facilities subject to the provisions of Chapter 395, Florida Statutes, and Part II of
Chapter 400, Florida Statutes, shall have facility plans
reviewed and construction surveyed by the state agency
authorized to do so under the requirements of Chapter 395,
Florida Statutes, and Part II of Chapter 400, Florida Statutes, and the certification requirements of the federal government.
102.2.2 Residential buildings or structures moved into or
within a county or municipality shall not be required to be
brought into compliance with the state minimum building
code in force at the time the building or structure is
moved, provided:
(e) Mobile or modular structures used as temporary
offices, except that the provisions of Part II (Sections
553.501-553.513, Florida Statutes) relating to accessibility by persons with disabilities shall apply to such
mobile or modular structures.
1. The building or structure is structurally sound and in
occupiable condition for its intended use;
(f) Those structures or facilities of electric utilities, as
defined in Section 366.02, Florida Statutes, which are
directly involved in the generation, transmission, or
distribution of electricity.
3. The building is not substantially remodeled;
(g) Temporary sets, assemblies, or structures used in
commercial motion picture or television production,
or any sound-recording equipment used in such production, on or off the premises.
(h) Chickees constructed by the Miccosukee Tribe of
Indians of Florida or the Seminole Tribe of Florida.
As used in this paragraph, the term “chickee” means
an open-sided wooden hut that has a thatched roof of
palm or palmetto or other traditional materials, and
that does not incorporate any electrical, plumbing, or
other nonwood features.
(i) Family mausoleums not exceeding 250 square feet
(23 m2) in area which are prefabricated and assembled
on site or preassembled and delivered on site and have
walls, roofs, and a floor constructed of granite, marble, or reinforced concrete.
2
(k) A building or structure having less than 1,000 square
feet (93 m2) which is constructed and owned by a natural person for hunting and which is repaired or
reconstructed to the same dimension and condition as
existed on January 1, 2011, if the building or structure:
2. The occupancy use classification for the building or
structure is not changed as a result of the move;
4. Current fire code requirements for ingress and
egress are met;
5. Electrical, gas and plumbing systems meet the codes
in force at the time of construction and are operational and safe for reconnection; and
6. Foundation plans are sealed by a professional engineer or architect licensed to practice in this state, if
required by the Florida Building Code, Building for
all residential buildings or structures of the same
occupancy class.
102.2.3 The building official shall apply the same standard
to a moved residential building or structure as that applied
to the remodeling of any comparable residential building
or structure to determine whether the moved structure is
substantially remodeled. The cost of the foundation on
which the moved building or structure is placed shall not
be included in the cost of remodeling for purposes of
determining whether a moved building or structure has
been substantially remodeled.
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102.2.4 This section does not apply to the jurisdiction and
authority of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services to inspect amusement rides or the Department of
Financial Services to inspect state-owned buildings and
boilers.
102.2.5 Each enforcement district shall be governed by a
board, the composition of which shall be determined by
the affected localities.
1. At its own option, each enforcement district or local
enforcement agency may adopt rules granting to the
owner of a single-family residence one or more
exemptions from the Florida Building Code relating
to:
a. Addition, alteration, or repairs performed by the
property owner upon his or her own property,
provided any addition or alteration shall not
exceed 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or the square
footage of the primary structure, whichever is
less.
b. Addition, alteration, or repairs by a nonowner
within a specific cost limitation set by rule, provided the total cost shall not exceed $5,000
within any 12-month period.
c. Building and inspection fees.
2. However, the exemptions under subparagraph 1 do
not apply to single-family residences that are located
in mapped flood hazard areas, as defined in the
code, unless the enforcement district or local
enforcement agency has determined that the work,
which is otherwise exempt, does not constitute a
substantial improvement, including the repair of
substantial damage, of such single-family residences.
3. Each code exemption, as defined in sub-subparagraphs 1a, 1b, and 1c shall be certified to the local
board 10 days prior to implementation and shall
only be effective in the territorial jurisdiction of the
enforcement district or local enforcement agency
implementing it.
102.2.6 This section does not apply to swings and other
playground equipment accessory to a one- or two-family
dwelling.
Exception: Electrical service to such playground
equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 of
this code.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter
or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter,
section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and
standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of
the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each
such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1
and 102.4.2.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards,
the provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced
code or standard includes subject matter that is within the
scope of this code or the Florida Codes listed in Section
101.4, the provisions of this code or the Florida Codes
listed in Section 101.4, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
[A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. Reserved.
[A] 102.6 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any
structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be
permitted to continue without change, except as otherwise
specifically provided in this code, the Florida Building Code,
Existing Building or the Florida Fire Prevention Code.
[A] 102.6.1 Buildings not previously occupied. A building or portion of a building that has not been previously
occupied or used for its intended purpose in accordance
with the laws in existence at the time of its completion
shall comply with the provisions of the Florida Building
Code, Building or Florida Building Code, Residential, as
applicable, for new construction or with any current permit for such occupancy.
[A] 102.6.2 Buildings previously occupied. The legal
occupancy of any building existing on the date of adoption
of this code shall be permitted to continue without change,
except as otherwise specifically provided in this code, the
Florida Fire Prevention Code or as is deemed necessary
by the building official for the general safety and welfare
of the occupants and the public.
102.7 Relocation of manufactured buildings.
(1) Relocation of an existing manufactured building does
not constitute an alteration.
(2) A relocated building shall comply with wind speed
requirements of the new location, using the appropriate wind speed map. If the existing building was manufactured in compliance with the Standard Building
Code (prior to March 1, 2002), the wind speed map of
the Standard Building Code shall be applicable. If the
existing building was manufactured in compliance
with the Florida Building Code (after March 1, 2002),
the wind speed map of the Florida Building Code
shall be applicable.
(3) A relocated building shall comply with the flood hazard area requirements of the new location, if applicable.
102.8 Existing mechanical equipment. An agency or local
government may not require that existing mechanical equipment located on or above the surface of a roof be installed in
compliance with the requirements of the Florida Building
Code except during reroofing when the equipment is being
replaced or moved and is not in compliance with the provisions of the Florida Building Code relating to roof-mounted
mechanical units.
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101674064
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY
RESERVED
SECTION 104
DUTIES AND POWERS OF BUILDING OFFICIAL
[A] 104.1 General. Reserved.
[A] 104.2 Applications and permits. Reserved.
[A] 104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved or
substantially damaged existing buildings and structures in flood hazard areas. Reserved.
[A] 104.3 Notices and orders. Reserved.
[A] 104.4 Inspections. Reserved.
[A] 104.5 Identification. Reserved.
[A] 104.6 Right of entry. Reserved.
[A] 104.7 Department records. Reserved.
[A] 104.8 Liability. Reserved.
[A] 104.8.1 Legal defense. Reserved.
[A] 104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials,
equipment and devices approved by the building official shall
be constructed and installed in accordance with such
approval.
[A] 104.9.1 Used materials and equipment. The use of
used materials that meet the requirements of this code for
new materials is permitted. Used equipment and devices
shall not be reused unless approved by the building official.
[A] 104.10 Modifications. Reserved.
[A] 104.10.1 Flood hazard areas. Reserved.
[A] 104.11 Alternative materials, design and methods of
construction and equipment. The provisions of this code
are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or
to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. An alternative material, design or
method of construction shall be approved where the building
official finds that the proposed alternative meets all of the following:
1. The alternative material, design or method of construction is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the
provisions of this code.
2. The material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code as it pertains to the following:
2.1. Quality.
2.2. Strength.
2.3. Effectiveness.
2.4. Fire resistance.
4
2.5. Durability.
2.6. Safety.
Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the building official shall respond
in writing, stating the reasons why the alternative was not
approved.
[A] 104.11.1 Research reports. Supporting data, where
necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall consist of valid research reports from approved sources.
[A] 104.11.2 Tests. Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, or
evidence that a material or method does not conform to the
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate
claims for alternative materials or methods, the building
official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence
of compliance to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction.
Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other
recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized
and accepted test methods, the building official shall
approve the testing procedures. Tests shall be performed
by an approved agency. Reports of such tests shall be
retained by the building official for the period required for
retention of public records.
SECTION 105
PERMITS
[A] 105.1 Required. Any owner or owner’s authorized agent
who intends to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or to
erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or
replace any impact-resistant coverings, electrical, gas,
mechanical or plumbing system, the installation of which is
regulated by this code, or to cause any such work to be performed, shall first make application to the building official
and obtain the required permit.
[A] 105.1.1 Annual facility permit. In lieu of an individual permit for each alteration to an existing electrical,
gas, mechanical, plumbing or interior nonstructural
office system(s), the building official is authorized to
issue an annual permit for any occupancy to facilitate
routine or emergency service, repair, refurbishing, minor
renovations of service systems or manufacturing equipment installations/relocations. The building official shall
be notified of major changes and shall retain the right to
make inspections at the facility site as deemed necessary.
An annual facility permit shall be assessed with an
annual fee and shall be valid for one year from date of
issuance. A separate permit shall be obtained for each
facility and for each construction trade, as applicable.
The permit application shall contain a general description of the parameters of work intended to be performed
during the year.
[A] 105.1.2 Annual permit records. The person to whom
an annual permit is issued shall keep a detailed record of
alterations made under such annual permit. The building
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101674064
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
official shall have access to such records at all times or
such records shall be filed with the building official as designated.
105.1.3 Food permit. In accordance with Section 500.12,
Florida Statutes, a food permit from the Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services is required of any person who operates a food establishment or retail store.
105.1.4 Public swimming pool. The local enforcing
agency may not issue a building permit to construct,
develop, or modify a public swimming pool without proof
of application, whether complete or incomplete, for an
operating permit pursuant to Section 514.031, Florida
Statutes. A certificate of completion or occupancy may not
be issued until such operating permit is issued. The local
enforcing agency shall conduct their review of the building permit application upon filing and in accordance with
Chapter 553, Florida Statutes. The local enforcing agency
may confer with the Department of Health, if necessary,
but may not delay the building permit application review
while awaiting comment from the Department of Health.
[A] 105.2 Work exempt from permit. Exemptions from
permit requirements of this code shall not be deemed to grant
authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the provisions of this code. Permits shall not be
required for the following:
Gas:
1. Portable heating appliance.
2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter
approval of equipment or make such equipment
unsafe.
Mechanical:
1. Portable heating appliance.
2. Portable ventilation equipment.
3. Portable cooling unit.
4. Steam, hot or chilled water piping within any heating or cooling equipment regulated by this code.
5. Replacement of any part that does not alter its
approval or make it unsafe.
6. Portable evaporative cooler.
7. Self-contained refrigeration system containing 10
pounds (4.54 kg) or less of refrigerant and actuated
by motors of 1 horsepower (0.75 kW) or less.
8. The installation, replacement, removal or metering
of any load management control device.
Plumbing:
1. The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or
vent pipe, provided, however, that if any concealed
trap, drain pipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe
becomes defective and it becomes necessary to
remove and replace the same with new material,
such work shall be considered as new work and a
permit shall be obtained and inspection made as provided in this code.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
pipes, valves or fixtures and the removal and reinstallation of water closets, provided such repairs do
not involve or require the replacement or rearrangement of valves, pipes or fixtures.
[A] 105.2.1 Emergency repairs. Where equipment
replacements and repairs must be performed in an emergency situation, the permit application shall be submitted
within the next working business day to the building official.
[A] 105.2.2 Minor repairs. Ordinary minor repairs may
be made with the approval of the building official without
a permit, provided the repairs do not include the cutting
away of any wall, partition or portion thereof, the removal
or cutting of any structural beam or load-bearing support,
or the removal or change of any required means of egress,
or rearrangement of parts of a structure affecting the
egress requirements; nor shall ordinary repairs include
addition to, alteration of, replacement or relocation of any
standpipe, water supply, sewer, drainage, drain leader, gas,
soil, waste, vent or similar piping, electric wiring systems
or mechanical equipment or other work affecting public
health or general safety, and such repairs shall not violate
any of the provisions of the technical codes.
[A] 105.2.3 Public service agencies. Reserved.
[A] 105.3 Application for permit. To obtain a permit, the
applicant shall first file an application therefor in writing on a
form furnished by the building department for that purpose.
Permit application forms shall be in the format prescribed
by a local administrative board, if applicable, and must comply with the requirements of Sections 713.135(5) and (6),
Florida Statutes.
Each application shall be inscribed with the date of application, and the code in effect as of that date. For a building
permit for which an application is submitted prior to the
effective date of the Florida Building Code, the state minimum building code in effect in the permitting jurisdiction on
the date of the application governs the permitted work for the
life of the permit and any extension granted to the permit.
Effective October 1, 2017, a local enforcement agency
shall post each type of building permit application on its website. Completed applications must be able to be submitted
electronically to the appropriate building department.
Accepted methods of electronic submission include, but are
not limited to, e-mail submission of applications in portable
document format or submission of applications through an
electronic fill-in form available on the building department’s
website or through a third-party submission management
software. Payments, attachments, or drawings required as
part of the permit application may be submitted in person in a
nonelectronic format, at the discretion of the building official.
[A] 105.3.1 Action on application. The building official
shall examine or cause to be examined applications for
permits and amendments thereto within a reasonable time
after filing. If the application or the construction documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent
laws, the building official shall reject such application in
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writing, stating the reasons therefor. If the building official
is satisfied that the proposed work conforms to the requirements of this code and laws and ordinances applicable
thereto, the building official shall issue a permit therefor as
soon as practicable. When authorized through contractual
agreement with a school board, in acting on applications
for permits, the building official shall give first priority to
any applications for the construction of, or addition or renovation to, any school or educational facility.
105.3.1.1 If a state university, Florida college or public
school district elects to use a local government’s code
enforcement offices, fees charged by counties and
municipalities for enforcement of the Florida Building
Code on buildings, structures, and facilities of state universities, state colleges, and public school districts shall
not be more than the actual labor and administrative
costs incurred for plans review and inspections to
ensure compliance with the code.
105.3.1.2 No permit may be issued for any building
construction, erection, alteration, modification, repair,
or addition unless the applicant for such permit provides to the enforcing agency which issues the permit
any of the following documents which apply to the construction for which the permit is to be issued and which
shall be prepared by or under the direction of an engineer registered under Chapter 471, Florida Statutes:
1. Plumbing documents for any new building or
addition which requires a plumbing system with
more than 250 fixture units or which costs more
than $125,000.
2. Fire sprinkler documents for any new building or
addition which includes a fire sprinkler system
which contains 50 or more sprinkler heads. Personnel as authorized by chapter 633 Florida Statutes, may design a new fire sprinkler system of
49 or fewer heads; may design the alteration of an
existing fire sprinkler system if the alteration
consists of the relocation, addition or deletion of
49 heads or fewer, notwithstanding the size of the
existing fire sprinkler system; or may design the
alteration of an existing fire sprinkler system if
the alteration consists of the relocation or deletion of 249 or fewer sprinklers, notwithstanding
the size of the existing fire sprinkler system, if
there is no change of occupancy of the affected
areas, as defined in this code and the Florida Fire
Prevention Code, and there is no change in the
water demand as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard
for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,” and if
the occupancy hazard classification as defined in
NFPA 13 is reduced or remains the same as a
result of the alteration.
3. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning documents for any new building or addition which
requires more than a 15-ton-per-system capacity
which is designed to accommodate 100 or more
persons or for which the system costs more than
$125,000. This paragraph does not include any
6
document for the replacement or repair of an
existing system in which the work does not
require altering a structural part of the building or
for work on a residential one-, two-, three-, or
four-family structure.
An air-conditioning system may be designed
by an installing air-conditioning contractor certified under Chapter 489, Florida Statutes, to serve
any building or addition which is designed to
accommodate fewer than 100 persons and
requires an air-conditioning system with a value
of $125,000 or less; and when a 15-ton-per system or less is designed for a singular space of a
building and each 15-ton system or less has an
independent duct system. Systems not complying
with the above require design documents that are
to be sealed by a professional engineer.
Example 1: When a space has two 10-ton systems with each having an independent duct
system, the contractor may design these two
systems since each unit (system) is less than
15 tons.
Example 2: Consider a small single-story
office building which consists of six individual offices where each office has a single
three-ton package air conditioning heat pump.
The six heat pumps are connected to a single
water cooling tower. The cost of the entire
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning work
is $47,000 and the office building accommodates fewer than 100 persons. Because the six
mechanical units are connected to a common
water tower, this is considered to be an 18-ton
system.
Note: It was further clarified by the Commission that the limiting criteria of 100 persons
and $125,000 apply to the building occupancy
load and the cost for the total air-conditioning
system of the building.
4. Any specialized mechanical, electrical, or plumbing document for any new building or addition
which includes a medical gas, oxygen, steam,
vacuum, toxic air filtration, halon, or fire detection and alarm system which costs more than
$5,000.
Exception: Simplified permitting process for
fire alarm system projects.
(1) As used in this section, the term:
(a) “Contractor” means a person
who is qualified to engage in the
business of electrical or alarm
system contracting pursuant to a
certificate or registration issued
by the department under Part II
of Chapter 489, Florida Statutes.
(b) “Fire alarm system project” means
a fire alarm system alteration of a
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the request, the local government must, within
15 days after receiving such information:
total of 20 or fewer initiating
devices and notification devices,
or the installation or replacement
of a fire communicator connected
to an existing fire alarm control
panel in an existing commercial,
residential, apartment, cooperative or condominium building.
(2) A local enforcement agency:
(a) May require a contractor, as a
condition of obtaining a permit
for a fire alarm system project, to
submit a completed application
and payment.
3.
(b) May not require a contractor to
submit plans or specifications as
a condition of obtaining a permit
for a fire alarm system project.
(3) A local enforcement agency must issue
a permit for a fire alarm system project
in person or electronically.
(4) A local enforcement agency must
require at least one inspection of a fire
alarm system project to ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards. If a fire alarm system project
fails an inspection, the contractor must
take corrective action as necessary to
pass inspection.
(5) A contractor must keep a copy of the
plans and specifications at a fire alarm
system project worksite and make such
plans and specifications available to
the inspector at each inspection.
4.
5. Electrical documents. See Florida Statutes
471.003(2)(h).
Documents requiring an engineer seal by this
part shall not be valid unless a professional engineer who possesses a valid certificate of registration has signed, dated, and stamped such
document as provided in Section 471.025, Florida Statutes.
6. All public swimming pools and public bathing
places defined by and regulated under Chapter
514, Florida Statutes.
105.3.1.3 Reviewing application for building permit.
1.
When reviewing an application for a building
permit, a local government may not request
additional information from the applicant more
than three times, unless the applicant waives
such limitation in writing.
2.
If a local government requests additional information from an applicant and the applicant submits the requested additional information to the
local government within 30 days after receiving
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
a.
Determine if the application is properly
completed;
b.
Approve the application;
c.
Approve the application with conditions;
d.
Deny the application; or
e.
Advise the applicant of information, if
any, that is needed to deem the application properly completed or to determine
the sufficiency of the application.
If a local government makes a second request
for additional information from the applicant
and the applicant submits the requested additional information to the local government
within 30 days after receiving the request, the
local government must, within 10 days after
receiving such information:
a.
Determine if the application is properly
completed;
b.
Approve the application;
c.
Approve the application with conditions;
d.
Deny the application; or
e.
Advise the applicant of information, if
any, that is needed to deem the application properly completed or to determine
the sufficiency of the application.
Before a third request for additional information
may be made, the applicant must be offered an
opportunity to meet with the local government
to attempt to resolve outstanding issues. If a
local government makes a third request for
additional information from the applicant and
the applicant submits the requested additional
information to the local government within 30
days after receiving the request, the local government must, within 10 days after receiving
such information unless the applicant waived
the local government's limitation in writing,
determine that the application is complete and:
a.
Approve the application;
b.
Approve the application with conditions;
or
c.
Deny the application.
5.
If the applicant believes the request for additional information is not authorized by ordinance, rule, statute, or other legal authority, the
local government, at the applicant’s request,
must process the application and either approve
the application, approve the application with
conditions, or deny the application.
[A] 105.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to
have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing,
7
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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unless such application has been pursued in good faith or a
permit has been issued; except that the building official is
authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for
additional periods not exceeding 90 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated.
105.3.3 An enforcing authority may not issue a building
permit for any building construction, erection, alteration,
modification, repair or addition unless the permit either
includes on its face or there is attached to the permit the
following statement: “NOTICE: In addition to the requirements of this permit, there may be additional restrictions
applicable to this property that may be found in the public
records of this county, and there may be additional permits
required from other governmental entities such as water
management districts, state agencies, or federal agencies.”
105.3.4 A building permit for a single-family residential
dwelling must be issued within 30 working days of application therefor unless unusual circumstances require a longer time for processing the application or unless the permit
application fails to satisfy the Florida Building Code or
the enforcing agency’s laws or ordinances.
105.3.5 Identification of minimum premium policy.
Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 440, Florida
Statutes, Workers’ Compensation, every employer shall,
as a condition to receiving a building permit, show proof
that it has secured compensation for its employees as provided in Sections 440.10 and 440.38, Florida Statutes.
105.3.6 Asbestos removal. Moving, removal or disposal
of asbestos-containing materials on a residential building
where the owner occupies the building, the building is not
for sale or lease, and the work is performed according to
the owner-builder limitations provided in this paragraph.
To qualify for exemption under this paragraph, an owner
must personally appear and sign the building permit application. The permitting agency shall provide the person
with a disclosure statement in substantially the following
form:
Disclosure Statement: State law requires asbestos
abatement to be done by licensed contractors. You have
applied for a permit under an exemption to that law.
The exemption allows you, as the owner of your property, to act as your own asbestos abatement contractor
even though you do not have a license. You must
supervise the construction yourself. You may move,
remove or dispose of asbestos-containing materials on
a residential building where you occupy the building
and the building is not for sale or lease, or the building
is a farm outbuilding on your property. If you sell or
lease such building within 1 year after the asbestos
abatement is complete, the law will presume that you
intended to sell or lease the property at the time the
work was done, which is a violation of this exemption.
You may not hire an unlicensed person as your contractor. Your work must be done according to all local,
state and federal laws and regulations which apply to
asbestos abatement projects. It is your responsibility to
make sure that people employed by you have licenses
8
required by state law and by county or municipal
licensing ordinances.
105.3.7 Applicable Code for Manufactured Buildings.
Manufacturers should be permitted to complete all buildings designed and approved prior to the effective date of a
new code edition, provided a clear signed contract is in
place. The contract shall provide specific data mirroring
that required by an application for permit, specifically,
without limitation, date of execution, building owner or
dealer, and anticipated date of completion. However, the
construction activity must commence within 6 months of
the contract’s execution. The contract is subject to verification by the Department of Business and Professional
Regulation.
105.3.8 A local government may not require a contract
between a builder and an owner for the issuance of a
building permit or as a requirement for the submission of a
building permit application.
105.4 Conditions of the permit.
105.4.1 Permit intent. A permit issued shall be construed
to be a license to proceed with the work and not as authority to violate, cancel, alter or set aside any of the provisions of the technical codes, nor shall issuance of a permit
prevent the building official from thereafter requiring a
correction of errors in plans, construction or violations of
this code. Every permit issued shall become invalid unless
the work authorized by such permit is commenced within
6 months after its issuance, or if the work authorized by
such permit is suspended or abandoned for a period of 6
months after the time the work is commenced.
105.4.1.1 If work has commenced and the permit is
revoked, becomes null and void, or expires because of
lack of progress or abandonment, a new permit covering the proposed construction shall be obtained before
proceeding with the work.
105.4.1.2 If a new permit is not obtained within 180
days from the date the initial permit became null and
void, the building official is authorized to require that
any work which has been commenced or completed be
removed from the building site. Alternately, a new permit may be issued on application, providing the work in
place and required to complete the structure meets all
applicable regulations in effect at the time the initial
permit became null and void and any regulations which
may have become effective between the date of expiration and the date of issuance of the new permit.
105.4.1.3 Work shall be considered to be in active
progress when the permit has received an approved
inspection within 180 days. This provision shall not be
applicable in case of civil commotion or strike or when
the building work is halted due directly to judicial
injunction, order or similar process.
105.4.1.4 The fee for renewal reissuance and extension
of a permit shall be set forth by the administrative
authority.
105.5 Additional options for closing a permit. Pursuant to
Section 553.79(15), Florida Statutes, a property owner,
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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regardless of whether the property owner is the one listed on
the application for the building permit, may close a building
permit by complying with the following requirements:
local enforcement agency shall maintain all rights and remedies against the property owner and contractor listed on the
permit.
1. The property owner may retain the original contractor
listed on the permit or hire a different contractor appropriately licensed in this state to perform the work necessary to satisfy the conditions of the permit and to
obtain any necessary inspection in order to close the
permit. If a contractor other than the original contractor
listed on the permit is hired by the property owner to
close the permit, such contractor is not liable for any
defects in the work performed by the original contractor and is only liable for the work that he or she performs.
Pursuant to Section 553.79(16), Florida Statutes, a local
enforcement agency may not deny issuance of a building permit to a contractor solely because the contractor is listed on
other building permits that were not closed.
2. The property owner may assume the role of an ownerbuilder, in accordance with Sections 489.103(7) and
489.503(6), Florida Statutes.
3. If a building permit is expired and its requirements
have been substantially completed, as determined by
the local enforcement agency, the permit may be closed
without having to obtain a new building permit, and the
work required to close the permit may be done pursuant
to the building code in effect at the time the local
enforcement agency received the application for the
permit, unless the contractor has sought and received
approval from the local enforcement agency for an
alternative material, design or method of construction.
4. A local enforcement agency may close a building permit 6 years after the issuance of the permit, even in the
absence of a final inspection, if the local enforcement
agency determines that no apparent safety hazard
exists.
For purposes of this section, the term “close” means that
the requirements of the permit have been satisfied.
[A] 105.6 Denial or revocation. Whenever a permit required
under this section is denied or revoked because the plan, or
the construction, erection, alteration, modification, repair, or
demolition of a building, is found by the local enforcing
agency to be not in compliance with the Florida Building
Code, the local enforcing agency shall identify the specific
plan or project features that do not comply with the applicable codes, identify the specific code chapters and sections
upon which the finding is based, and provide this information
to the permit applicant. If the local building code administrator or inspector finds that the plans are not in compliance with
the Florida Building Code, the local building code administrator or inspector shall identify the specific plan features that
do not comply with the applicable codes, identify the specific
code chapters and sections upon which the finding is based,
and provide this information to the local enforcing agency.
The local enforcing agency shall provide this information to
the permit applicant.
Pursuant to Section 553.79(16), Florida Statutes, a local
enforcement agency may not deny issuance of a building permit to; issue a notice of violation to; or fine, penalize, sanction or assess fees against an arm’s-length purchaser of a
property for value solely because a building permit applied
for by a previous owner of the property was not closed. The
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[A] 105.7 Placement of permit. The building permit or copy
shall be kept on the site of the work until the completion of
the project.
105.8 Notice of commencement. In accordance with Section
713.135, Florida Statutes, when any person applies for a
building permit, the authority issuing such permit shall print
on the face of each permit card in no less than 14-point, capitalized, boldfaced type: “WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR
FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR
IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. A NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT MUST BE RECORDED AND
POSTED ON THE JOB SITE BEFORE THE FIRST
INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT.”
105.9 Asbestos. The enforcing agency shall require each
building permit for the demolition or renovation of an existing structure to contain an asbestos notification statement
which indicates the owner’s or operator’s responsibility to
comply with the provisions of Section 469.003, Florida Statutes, and to notify the Department of Environmental Protection of his or her intentions to remove asbestos, when
applicable, in accordance with state and federal law.
105.10 Certificate of protective treatment for prevention
of termites. A weather-resistant job-site posting board shall
be provided to receive duplicate treatment certificates as each
required protective treatment is completed, providing a copy
for the person the permit is issued to and another copy for the
building permit files. The treatment certificate shall provide
the product used, identity of the applicator, time and date of
the treatment, site location, area treated, chemical used, percent concentration and number of gallons used, to establish a
verifiable record of protective treatment. If the soil chemical
barrier method for termite prevention is used, final exterior
treatment shall be completed prior to final building approval.
105.11 Notice of termite protection. A permanent sign
which identifies the termite treatment provider and need for
reinspection and treatment contract renewal shall be provided. The sign shall be posted near the water heater or electric panel.
105.12 Work starting before permit issuance. Upon
approval of the building official, the scope of work delineated
in the building permit application and plan may be started
prior to the final approval and issuance of the permit, provided any work completed is entirely at risk of the permit
applicant and the work does not proceed past the first
required inspection.
9
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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105.13 Phased permit approval. After submittal of the
appropriate construction documents, the building official is
authorized to issue a permit for the construction of foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the
construction documents for the whole building or structure
have been submitted. The holder of such permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or structure shall proceed at
the holder’s own risk with the building operation and without
assurance that a permit for the entire structure will be granted.
Corrections may be required to meet the requirements of the
technical codes.
105.14 Permit issued on basis of an affidavit. Whenever a
permit is issued in reliance upon an affidavit or whenever the
work to be covered by a permit involves installation under
conditions which, in the opinion of the building official, are
hazardous or complex, the building official shall require that
the architect or engineer who signed the affidavit or prepared
the drawings or computations shall supervise such work. In
addition, they shall be responsible for conformity to the permit, provide copies of inspection reports as inspections are
performed, and upon completion make and file with the
building official written affidavit that the work has been done
in conformity to the reviewed plans and with the structural
provisions of the technical codes. In the event such architect
or engineer is not available, the owner shall employ in his
stead a competent person or agency whose qualifications are
reviewed by the building official. The building official shall
ensure that any person conducting plans review is qualified as
a plans examiner under Part XII of Chapter 468, Florida Statutes, and that any person conducting inspections is qualified
as a building inspector under Part XII of Chapter 468, Florida
Statutes.
105.14.1 Affidavits in flood hazard areas. Permit issued
on basis of an affidavit shall not extend to the flood load
and flood resistance requirements of the Florida Building
Code and the building official shall review and inspect
those requirements.
105.15 Opening protection. When any activity requiring a
building permit, not including roof covering replacement or
repair work associated with the prevention of degradation of
the residence, that is applied for on or after July 1, 2008, and
for which the estimated cost is $50,000 or more for a site
built single-family detached residential structure that is
located in the wind-borne debris region as defined in this
code and that has an insured value of $750,000 or more, or, if
the site built single-family detached residential structure is
uninsured or for which documentation of insured value is not
presented, has a just valuation for the structure for purposes
of ad valorem taxation of $750,000 or more; opening protections as required within this code or Florida Building Code,
Residential for new construction shall be provided.
Exception: Single family residential structures permitted
subject to the Florida Building Code are not required to
comply with this section.
105.16 Inspection of existing residential building not
impacted by construction.
(a) A local enforcing agency, and any local building code
administrator, inspector, or other official or entity,
10
may not require as a condition of issuance of a one- or
two-family residential building permit the inspection
of any portion of a building, structure, or real property
that is not directly impacted by the construction, erection, alteration, modification, repair, or demolition of
the building, structure, or real property for which the
permit is sought.
(b) This subsection does not apply to a building permit
sought for:
1. A substantial improvement as defined in s. 161.54,
Florida Statutes or as defined in the Florida Building Code.
2. A change of occupancy as defined in the Florida
Building Code.
3. A conversion from residential to nonresidential or
mixed use pursuant to s. 553.507(2)(a), Florida Statutes or as defined in the Florida Building Code.
4. A historic building as defined in the Florida Building Code.
(c) This subsection does not prohibit a local enforcing
agency, or any local building code administrator,
inspector, or other official or entity, from:
1. Citing any violation inadvertently observed in plain
view during the ordinary course of an inspection
conducted in accordance with the prohibition in
paragraph (a).
2. Inspecting a physically nonadjacent portion of a
building, structure, or real property that is directly
impacted by the construction, erection, alteration,
modification, repair, or demolition of the building,
structure, or real property for which the permit is
sought in accordance with the prohibition in paragraph (a).
3. Inspecting any portion of a building, structure, or
real property for which the owner or other person
having control of the building, structure, or real
property has voluntarily consented to the inspection
of that portion of the building, structure, or real
property in accordance with the prohibition in paragraph (a).
4. Inspecting any portion of a building, structure, or
real property pursuant to an inspection warrant
issued in accordance with ss. 933.20-933.30, Florida Statutes.
105.17 Streamlined low-voltage alarm system installation
permitting.
(1) As used in this section, the term:
(a) “Contractor” means a person who is qualified to
engage in the business of electrical or alarm system contracting pursuant to a certificate or registration issued by the department under Part II of
Chapter 489, Florida Statutes.
(b) “Low-voltage alarm system project” means a project related to the installation, maintenance, inspection, replacement, or service of a new or existing
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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alarm system, as defined in s. 489.505, Florida
Statutes, including video cameras and closed-circuit television systems used to signal or detect a
burglary, fire, robbery or medical emergency, that
is hardwired and operating at low voltage, as
defined in the National Electrical Code Standard
70, Current Edition, or a new or existing low-voltage electric fence. The term also includes ancillary
components or equipment attached to a low-voltage alarm system or low-voltage electric fence,
including, but not limited to, home-automation
equipment, thermostats, closed-circuit television
systems, access controls, battery recharging
devices, and video cameras.
(c) “Low-voltage electric fence” means an alarm system, as defined in s. 489.505, that consists of a
fence structure and an energizer powered by a
commercial storage battery not exceeding 12 volts
which produces an electric charge upon contact
with the fence structure.
(d) “Wireless alarm system” means a burglar alarm
system or smoke detector that is not hardwired.
(2) Notwithstanding any provision of this code, this section applies to all low-voltage alarm system projects
for which a permit is required by a local enforcement
agency. However, a permit is not required to install,
maintain, inspect, replace, or service a wireless alarm
system, including any ancillary components or equipment attached to the system.
(3) A low-voltage electric fence must meet all of the following requirements to be permitted as a low-voltage
alarm system project and no further permit shall be
required for the low-voltage alarm system project
other than as provided in this section:
(a) The electric charge produced by the fence upon
contact must not exceed energizer characteristics
set forth in paragraph 22.108 and depicted in Figure 102 of International Electrotechnical Commission Standard No. 60335-2-76, Current Edition.
(b) A nonelectric fence or wall must completely
enclose the low-voltage electric fence. The lowvoltage electric fence may be up to 2 feet higher
than the perimeter nonelectric fence or wall.
(c) The low-voltage electric fence must be identified
using warning signs attached to the fence at intervals of not more than 60 feet.
(d) The low-voltage electric fence shall not be
installed in an area zoned exclusively for singlefamily or multi-family residential use.
(e) The low-voltage electric fence shall not enclose
the portions of a property which are used for residential purposes.
(4) This section does not apply to the installation or
replacement of a fire alarm if a plan review is
required.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
(5) A local enforcement agency shall make uniform basic
permit labels available for purchase by a contractor to
be used for the installation or replacement of a new or
existing alarm system at a cost as indicated in s.
553.793, Florida Statutes. The local enforcement
agency may not require the payment of any additional
fees, charges, or expenses associated with the installation or replacement of a new or existing alarm.
(a) A local enforcement agency may not require a
contractor, as a condition of purchasing a label, to
submit information other than identification information of the licensee and proof of registration or
certification as a contractor.
(b) A label is valid for 1 year after the date of purchase and may only be used within the jurisdiction
of the local enforcement agency that issued the
label. A contractor may purchase labels in bulk for
one or more unspecified current or future projects.
(6) A contractor shall post an unused uniform basic permit label in a conspicuous place on the premises of
the low-voltage alarm system project site before commencing work on the project.
(7) A contractor is not required to notify the local
enforcement agency before commencing work on a
low-voltage alarm system project. However, a contractor must submit a Uniform Notice of a Low-Voltage Alarm System Project as provided under
subsection (7) to the local enforcement agency within
14 days after completing the project. A local enforcement agency may take disciplinary action against a
contractor who fails to timely submit a Uniform
Notice of a Low-Voltage Alarm System Project.
(8) The Uniform Notice of a Low-Voltage Alarm System
Project may be submitted electronically or by facsimile if all submissions are signed by the owner, tenant,
contractor, or authorized representative of such persons. The Uniform Notice of a Low-Voltage Alarm
System Project shall be in the format prescribed by
the local enforcement agency and must comply with
the requirements of s. 553.793(7), Florida Statutes.
(9) A local enforcement agency may coordinate directly
with the owner or customer to inspect a low-voltage
alarm system to ensure compliance with applicable
codes and standards. If a low-voltage alarm system
project fails an inspection, the contractor must take
corrective action as necessary to pass inspection.
(10) A municipality, county, district, or other entity of
local government may not adopt or maintain in effect
any ordinance or rule regarding a low-voltage alarm
system project that is inconsistent with this section.
(11) A uniform basic permit label shall not be required for
the subsequent maintenance, inspection, or service of
an alarm system that was permitted in accordance
with this section.
The provisions of this act are not intended to impose
new or additional licensure requirements on persons
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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licensed in accordance with the applicable provisions
of Chapter 489, Florida Statutes.
SECTION 106
FLOOR AND ROOF DESIGN LOADS
[A] 106.1 Live loads posted. In commercial or industrial
buildings, for each floor or portion thereof designed for live
loads exceeding 50 psf (2.40 kN/m2), such design live loads
shall be conspicuously posted by the owner or the owner’s
authorized agent in that part of each story in which they
apply, using durable signs. It shall be unlawful to remove or
deface such notices.
[A] 106.2 Issuance of certificate of occupancy. A certificate
of occupancy required by Section 111 shall not be issued
until the floor load signs, required by Section 106.1, have
been installed.
[A] 106.3 Restrictions on loading. It shall be unlawful to
place, or cause or permit to be placed, on any floor or roof of
a building, structure or portion thereof, a load greater than is
permitted by this code.
SECTION 107
SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS
[A] 107.1 General. Submittal documents consisting of construction documents, statement of special inspections, geotechnical report and other data shall be submitted in two or
more sets with each permit application. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional
where required by Chapter 471, Florida Statutes or Chapter
481, Florida Statutes. Where special conditions exist, the
building official is authorized to require additional construction documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: The building official is authorized to waive the
submission of construction documents and other data not
required to be prepared by a registered design professional
if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such
that review of construction documents is not necessary to
obtain compliance with this code.
[A] 107.2 Construction documents. Construction documents shall be in accordance with Sections 107.2.1 through
107.2.6.
[A] 107.2.1 Information on construction documents.
Construction documents shall be dimensioned and drawn
upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are
permitted to be submitted where approved by the building
official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient
clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the
work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to
the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances,
rules and regulations, as determined by the building official.
[A] 107.2.2 Fire protection system shop drawings. Shop
drawings for the fire protection system(s) shall be submitted to indicate conformance to this code and the construction documents and shall be approved prior to the start of
system installation. Shop drawings shall contain all infor12
mation as required by the referenced installation standards
in Chapter 9.
[A] 107.2.3 Means of egress. The construction documents
shall show in sufficient detail the location, construction,
size and character of all portions of the means of egress
including the path of the exit discharge to the public way
in compliance with the provisions of this code. In other
than occupancies in Groups R-2, R-3, and I-1, the construction documents shall designate the number of occupants to be accommodated on every floor, and in all rooms
and spaces.
[A] 107.2.4 Exterior wall envelope. Construction documents for all buildings shall describe the exterior wall
envelope in sufficient detail to determine compliance with
this code. The construction documents shall provide
details of the exterior wall envelope as required, including
flashing, intersections with dissimilar materials, corners,
end details, control joints, intersections at roof, eaves or
parapets, means of drainage, water-resistive membrane
and details around openings.
The construction documents shall include manufacturer’s installation instructions that provide supporting
documentation that the proposed penetration and opening
details described in the construction documents maintain
the weather resistance of the exterior wall envelope. The
supporting documentation shall fully describe the exterior
wall system that was tested, where applicable, as well as
the test procedure used.
107.2.5 Exterior balcony and elevated walking surfaces. Where balcony or other elevated walking surfaces
are exposed to water from direct or blowing rain or irrigation, and the structural framing is protected by an impervious moisture barrier, the construction documents shall
include details for all elements of the impervious moisture
barrier system. The construction documents shall include
manufacturer's installation instructions.
[A] 107.2.6 Site plan. The construction documents submitted with the application for permit shall be accompanied by a site plan showing to scale the size and location
of new construction and existing structures on the site, distances from lot lines, the established street grades and the
proposed finished grades and, as applicable, flood hazard
areas, floodways, and design flood elevations; and it shall
be drawn in accordance with an accurate boundary line
survey. In the case of demolition, the site plan shall show
construction to be demolished and the location and size of
existing structures and construction that are to remain on
the site or plot. The building official is authorized to waive
or modify the requirement for a site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
[A] 107.2.6.1 Design flood elevations. Where design
flood elevations are not specified, they shall be established in accordance with Section 1612.3.1.
107.2.6.2 For the purpose of inspection and record
retention, site plans for a building may be maintained in
the form of an electronic copy at the worksite. These
plans must be open to inspection by the building offiFLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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cial or a duly authorized representative, as required by
the Florida Building Code.
[A] 107.2.7 Structural information. The construction
documents shall provide the information specified in Section 1603.
[A] 107.3 Examination of documents. The building official
shall examine or cause to be examined the accompanying
submittal documents and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the construction indicated and described is in
accordance with the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws or ordinances.
Exceptions:
1. Building plans approved pursuant to Section
553.77(5), Florida Statutes, and state-approved
manufactured buildings are exempt from local codes
enforcing agency plan reviews except for provisions
of the code relating to erection, assembly or construction at the site. Erection, assembly and construction at the site are subject to local permitting
and inspections. Photocopies of plans approved
according to Rule 61-41.009, Florida Administrative Code, shall be sufficient for local permit application documents of record for the modular building
portion of the permitted project.
2. Industrial construction on sites where design, construction and fire safety are supervised by appropriate design and inspection professionals and which
contain adequate in-house fire departments and rescue squads is exempt, subject to local government
option, from review of plans and inspections, providing owners certify that applicable codes and standards have been met and supply appropriate
approved drawings to local building and fire-safety
inspectors.
[A] 107.3.1 Approval of construction documents. When
the building official issues a permit, the construction documents shall be approved, in writing or by stamp, as
“Reviewed for Code Compliance.” One set of construction documents so reviewed shall be retained by the building official. The other set shall be returned to the
applicant, shall be kept at the site of work and shall be
open to inspection by the building official or a duly authorized representative.
[A] 107.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not
require changes in the construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a
lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been
pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective
date of this code and has not been abandoned.
[A] 107.3.3 Phased approval. The building official is
authorized to issue a permit for the construction of foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the
construction documents for the whole building or structure
have been submitted, provided that adequate information
and detailed statements have been filed complying with
pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of such
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or
structure shall proceed at the holder’s own risk with the
building operation and without assurance that a permit for
the entire structure will be granted.
[A] 107.3.4 Design professional in responsible charge.
Reserved.
[A] 107.3.4.1 Deferred submittals. Deferral of any
submittal items shall have the prior approval of the
building official. The registered design professional in
responsible charge shall list the deferred submittals on
the construction documents for review by the building
official.
Documents for deferred submittal items shall be submitted to the registered design professional in responsible charge who shall review them and forward them
to the building official with a notation indicating that
the deferred submittal documents have been reviewed
and found to be in general conformance to the design of
the building. The deferred submittal items shall not be
installed until the deferred submittal documents have
been approved by the building official.
107.3.4.2 Certifications by contractors authorized
under the provisions of Section 489.115(4)(b), Florida
Statutes, shall be considered equivalent to sealed plans
and specifications by a person licensed under Chapter
471, Florida Statutes, or Chapter 481, Florida Statutes,
by local enforcement agencies for plans review for permitting purposes relating to compliance with the windresistance provisions of the code or alternate methodologies approved by the Florida Building Commission
for one- and two-family dwellings. Local enforcement
agencies may rely upon such certification by contractors that the plans and specifications submitted conform
to the requirements of the code for wind resistance.
Upon good cause shown, local government code
enforcement agencies may accept or reject plans sealed
by persons licensed under Chapters 471, 481 or 489,
Florida Statutes.
107.3.5 Minimum plan review criteria for buildings.
The examination of the documents by the building official
shall include the following minimum criteria and documents: a floor plan; site plan; foundation plan; floor/roof
framing plan or truss layout; all fenestration penetrations;
flashing; and rough opening dimensions; and all exterior
elevations:
Commercial Buildings:
Building:
1.
Site requirements:
Parking
Fire access
Vehicle loading
Driving/turning radius
Fire hydrant/water supply/post indicator
valve (PIV)
Set back/separation (assumed property lines)
Location of specific tanks, water lines and
sewer lines
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Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
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Roof systems
Threshold inspection plan
Stair systems
Flood hazard areas, flood zones, and design
flood elevations
2.
Occupancy group and special occupancy
requirements shall be determined.
3.
Minimum type of construction shall be determined (see Table 504.3a).
4.
Fire-resistant construction requirements shall
include the following components:
9.
Wood
Steel
Aluminum
Concrete
Plastic
Glass
Masonry
Gypsum board and plaster
Insulating (mechanical)
Roofing
Insulation
Fire-resistant separations
Fire-resistant protection for type of construction
Protection of openings and penetrations of
rated walls
Fire blocking and draftstopping and
calculated fire resistance
5.
Fire suppression systems shall include:
10. Accessibility requirements shall include the following:
Early warning smoke evacuation systems
Schematic fire sprinklers
Standpipes
Pre-engineered systems
Riser diagram.
6.
7.
11. Interior requirements shall include the following:
shall
Occupancy load
Gross
Net
Means of egress
Exit access
Exit
Exit discharge
Stairs construction/geometry and protection
Doors
Emergency lighting and exit signs
Specific occupancy requirements
Construction requirements
Horizontal exits/exit passageways
8.
14
Site requirements
Accessible route
Vertical accessibility
Toilet and bathing facilities
Drinking fountains
Equipment
Special occupancy requirements
Fair housing requirements
Life safety systems shall be determined and
shall include the following requirements:
Occupant load and egress capacities
Early warning
Smoke control
Stair pressurization
Systems schematic
Occupancy load/egress requirements
include:
Structural requirements shall include:
Soil conditions/analysis
Termite protection
Design loads
Wind requirements
Building envelope
Impact resistant coverings or systems
Structural calculations (if required)
Foundation
Flood requirements in accordance with
Section 1612, including lowest floor
elevations, enclosures, flood damageresistant materials
Wall systems
Floor systems
Materials shall be reviewed and shall at a minimum include the following:
Interior finishes (flame spread/smoke
development)
Light and ventilation
Sanitation
12. Special systems:
Elevators
Escalators
Lifts
13. Swimming pools:
Barrier requirements
Spas
Wading pools
14. Location and installation details. The specific
location and installation details of each fire
door, fire damper, ceiling damper and smoke
damper shall be shown and properly identified
on the building plans by the designer.
Electrical:
1.
Electrical:
Wiring
Services
Feeders and branch circuits
Overcurrent protection
Grounding
Wiring methods and materials
GFCIs
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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2.
Equipment
3.
Combustion air
3.
4.
Special occupancies
Emergency systems
4.
Chimneys and vents
5.
Appliances
5.
6.
Communication systems
Low voltage
6.
Type of gas
7.
Fireplaces
7.
8.
Load calculations
Design flood elevation
8. LP tank location
Plumbing:
9. Riser diagram/shutoffs
10. Design flood elevation
1.
Minimum plumbing facilities
2.
Fixture requirements
3.
Water supply piping
4.
Sanitary drainage
5.
Water heaters
6.
Vents
7.
Roof drainage
2.
Fire-resistant construction (if required)
8.
Back flow prevention
3.
Fire
9.
Irrigation
4.
Smoke detector locations
5.
Egress:
Demolition:
1.
Asbestos removal
Residential (one- and two-family):
1.
Site requirements:
Set back/separation (assumed property lines)
Location of septic tanks
10. Location of water supply line
11. Grease traps
Egress window size and location stairs
construction requirements
12. Environmental requirements
6.
13. Plumbing riser
Wall section from foundation through roof,
including assembly and materials
connector tables wind requirements
structural calculations (if required)
Flood hazard areas, flood zones, design
flood elevations, lowest floor elevations,
enclosures, equipment, and flood damageresistant materials
14. Design flood elevation
Mechanical:
1.
Energy calculations
2.
Exhaust systems:
Structural requirements shall include:
Clothes dryer exhaust
Kitchen equipment exhaust
Specialty exhaust systems
7.
Accessibility requirements:
3.
Equipment
4.
Equipment location
5.
Make-up air
6.
Roof-mounted equipment
7.
Duct systems
8.
Ventilation
Plans examination by the building official shall not
be required for the following work:
9.
Combustion air
1.
Replacing existing equipment such as mechanical units, water heaters, etc.
11. Appliances
2.
Reroofs
12. Boilers
3.
Minor electrical, plumbing and mechanical
repairs
14. Bathroom ventilation
4.
Annual maintenance permits
15. Laboratory
5.
Prototype plans:
Show/identify
Accessible bath
8.
Exemptions:
10. Chimneys, fireplaces and vents
13. Refrigeration
Except for local site adaptions, siding,
foundations and/or modifications.
Except for structures that require waiver.
16. Design flood elevation
Gas:
1.
Gas piping
2.
Venting
6.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Impact resistant coverings or systems
Manufactured buildings plan except for foundations and modifications of buildings on site.
15
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
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[A] 107.4 Amended construction documents. Work shall
be installed in accordance with the approved construction
documents, and any changes made during construction that
are not in compliance with the approved construction documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of
construction documents.
[A] 107.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of
approved construction documents shall be retained by the
building official for a period of not less than 180 days from
date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by
state or local laws.
107.6 Affidavits. The building official may accept a sworn
affidavit from a registered architect or engineer stating that
the plans submitted conform to the technical codes. For buildings and structures, the affidavit shall state that the plans conform to the laws as to egress, type of construction and general
arrangement and, if accompanied by drawings, show the
structural design and that the plans and design conform to the
requirements of the technical codes as to strength, stresses,
strains, loads and stability. The building official may without
any examination or inspection accept such affidavit, provided
the architect or engineer who made such affidavit agrees to
submit to the building official copies of inspection reports as
inspections are performed and upon completion of the structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing systems a certification that the structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or
plumbing system has been erected in accordance with the
requirements of the technical codes. Where the building official relies upon such affidavit, the architect or engineer shall
assume full responsibility for compliance with all provisions
of the technical codes and other pertinent laws or ordinances.
The building official shall ensure that any person conducting
plans review is qualified as a plans examiner under Part XII
of Chapter 468, Florida Statutes, and that any person conducting inspections is qualified as a building inspector under
Part XII of Chapter 468, Florida Statutes.
107.6.1 Building permits issued in flood hazard areas
on the basis of an affidavit. Pursuant to the requirements
of federal regulation for participation in the National
Flood Insurance Program (44 C.F.R. Parts 59 and 60), the
authority granted to the building official to issue permits,
to rely on inspections, and to accept plans and construction
documents on the basis of affidavits and plans submitted
pursuant to Sections 105.14 and 107.6, shall not extend to
the flood load and flood-resistance construction requirements of the Florida Building Code.
107.6.2 Affidavits provided pursuant to Section
553.791, Florida Statutes. For a building or structure in a
flood hazard area, the building official shall review any
affidavit certifying compliance with the flood load and
flood-resistant construction requirements of the Florida
Building Code.
SECTION 108
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES
[A] 108.1 General. The building official is authorized to
issue a permit for temporary structures and temporary uses.
Such permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall
16
not be permitted for more than 180 days. The building official
is authorized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.
[A] 108.2 Conformance. Temporary structures and uses
shall comply with the requirements in Section 3103.
[A] 108.3 Temporary power. The building official is authorized to give permission to temporarily supply and use power
in part of an electric installation before such installation has
been fully completed and the final certificate of completion
has been issued. The part covered by the temporary certificate
shall comply with the requirements specified for temporary
lighting, heat or power in NFPA 70.
[A] 108.4 Termination of approval. The building official is
authorized to terminate such permit for a temporary structure
or use and to order the temporary structure or use to be discontinued.
SECTION 109
FEES
[A] 109.1 Payment of fees. A permit shall not be valid until
the fees prescribed by law have been paid, nor shall an
amendment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if
any, has been paid.
[A] 109.2 Schedule of permit fees. On buildings, structures,
electrical, gas, mechanical, and plumbing systems or alterations requiring a permit, a fee for each permit shall be paid
as required, in accordance with the schedule as established by
the applicable governing authority.
[A] 109.3 Building permit valuations. The applicant for a
permit shall provide an estimated permit value at time of
application. Permit valuations shall include total value of
work, including materials and labor, for which the permit is
being issued, such as electrical, gas, mechanical, plumbing
equipment and permanent systems. If, in the opinion of the
building official, the valuation is underestimated on the application, the permit shall be denied, unless the applicant can
show detailed estimates to meet the approval of the building
official. Final building permit valuation shall be set by the
building official.
[A] 109.4 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any
person who commences any work on a building, structure,
electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to a fee established
by the building official that shall be in addition to the required
permit fees.
[A] 109.5 Related fees. Reserved.
[A] 109.6 Refunds. Reserved.
SECTION 110
INSPECTIONS
[A] 110.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit
is required shall be subject to inspection by the building official and such construction or work shall remain exposed and
provided with access for inspection purposes until approved.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to
be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming
to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this
code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be
valid. It shall be the duty of the owner or the owner’s authorized agent to cause the work to remain exposed and provided
with access for inspection purposes. Neither the building official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in
the removal or replacement of any material required to allow
inspection.
[A] 110.2 Preliminary inspection. Before issuing a permit,
the building official is authorized to examine or cause to be
examined buildings, structures and sites for which an application has been filed.
[A] 110.3 Required inspections. The building official upon
notification from the permit holder or his or her agent shall
make the following inspections, and shall either release that
portion of the construction or shall notify the permit holder or
his or her agent of any violations which must be corrected in
order to comply with the technical codes. The building official shall determine the timing and sequencing of when
inspections occur and what elements are inspected at each
inspection.
Building
1.
Foundation inspection. To be made after trenches
are excavated and forms erected and shall at a
minimum include the following building components:
• Stem-wall
• Monolithic slab-on-grade
• Piling/pile caps
• Footers/grade beams
1.1. In flood hazard areas, upon placement of
the lowest floor, including basement, and
prior to further vertical construction, the
elevation certification shall be submitted to
the authority having jurisdiction.
2. Framing inspection. To be made after the roof, all
framing, fireblocking and bracing is in place, all
concealing wiring, all pipes, chimneys, ducts and
vents are complete and shall at a minimum include
the following building components:
• Window/door framing
• Vertical cells/columns
• Lintel/tie beams
• Framing/trusses/bracing/connectors
• Draft stopping/fire blocking
• Curtain wall framing
• Energy insulation
• Accessibility
• Verify rough opening dimensions are within
tolerances.
3. Sheathing inspection. To be made either as part of a
dry-in inspection or done separately at the request
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
of the contractor after all roof and wall sheathing
and fasteners are complete and shall at a minimum
include the following building components:
• Roof sheathing
• Wall sheathing
• Sheathing fasteners
• Roof/wall dry-in
4. Exterior wall coverings. Shall at a minimum
include the following building components in
progress inspections:
• Exterior wall coverings and veneers
• Soffit coverings
5. Roofing inspection. Shall at a minimum include
the following building components:
• Dry-in
• Insulation
• Roof coverings
• Flashing
6. Final inspection. To be made after the building is
completed and ready for occupancy.
6.1. In flood hazard areas, as part of the final
inspection, a final certification of the lowest floor elevation or the elevation to which
a building is dry floodproofed, as applicable, shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction.
7. Swimming pool inspection. First inspection to be
made after excavation and installation of reinforcing steel, bonding and main drain and prior to
placing of concrete.
Final inspection to be made when the swimming pool is complete and all required enclosure
requirements are in place.
In order to pass final inspection and receive a
certificate of completion, a residential swimming
pool must meet the requirements relating to pool
safety features as described in Section 454.2.17
of this code.
8. Demolition inspections. First inspection to be
made after all utility connections have been disconnected and secured in such manner that no
unsafe or unsanitary conditions shall exist during
or after demolition operations.
Final inspection to be made after all demolition
work is completed.
9. Manufactured building inspections. The building
department shall inspect construction of foundations; connecting buildings to foundations; installation of parts identified on plans as site installed
items, joining the modules, including utility crossovers; utility connections from the building to utility lines on site; and any other work done on site
which requires compliance with the Florida Build17
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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ing Code. Additional inspections may be required
for public educational facilities (see Section
453.27.20 of this code).
10. Where impact-resistant coverings or impact-resistant systems are installed, the building official
shall schedule adequate inspections of impactresistant coverings or impact-resistant systems to
determine the following:
The system indicated on the plans was
installed.
The system is installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s installation instructions and the
product approval.
Electrical
1. Underground inspection. To be made after trenches
or ditches are excavated, conduit or cable installed,
and before any backfill is put in place.
2. Rough-in inspection. To be made after the roof,
framing, fireblocking and bracing is in place and
prior to the installation of wall or ceiling membranes.
Gas
1. Rough piping inspection. To be made after all new
piping authorized by the permit has been installed,
and before any such piping has been covered or concealed or any fixtures or gas appliances have been
connected.
2. Final piping inspection. To be made after all piping
authorized by the permit has been installed and after
all portions which are to be concealed by plastering
or otherwise have been so concealed, and before any
fixtures or gas appliances have been connected. This
inspection shall include a pressure test.
3. Final inspection. To be made on all new gas work
authorized by the permit and such portions of existing systems as may be affected by new work or any
changes, to ensure compliance with all the requirements of this code and to assure that the installation
and construction of the gas system is in accordance
with reviewed plans.
3. Final inspection. To be made after the building is
complete, all required electrical fixtures are in place
and properly connected or protected, and the structure is ready for occupancy.
[A] 110.3.1 Footing and foundation inspection.
Reserved.
4. Existing Swimming Pools. To be made after all
repairs or alterations are complete, all required electrical equipment, GFCI protection, and equipotential
bonding are in place on said alterations or repairs.
[A] 110.3.3 Lowest floor elevation. Reserved.
Plumbing
1. Underground inspection. To be made after trenches
or ditches are excavated, piping installed, and before
any backfill is put in place.
2. Rough-in inspection. To be made after the roof,
framing, fireblocking and bracing is in place and all
soil, waste and vent piping is complete, and prior to
this installation of wall or ceiling membranes.
3. Final inspection. To be made after the building is
complete, all plumbing fixtures are in place and
properly connected, and the structure is ready for
occupancy.
Note: See Section 312 of the Florida Building Code,
Plumbing for required tests.
Mechanical
1. Underground inspection. To be made after trenches
or ditches are excavated, underground duct and fuel
piping installed, and before any backfill is put in
place.
2. Rough-in inspection. To be made after the roof,
framing, fire blocking and bracing are in place and
all ducting, and other concealed components are
complete, and prior to the installation of wall or ceiling membranes.
18
3. Final inspection. To be made after the building is
complete, the mechanical system is in place and
properly connected, and the structure is ready for
occupancy.
[A] 110.3.2 Concrete slab and under-floor inspection.
Reserved.
[A] 110.3.4 Frame inspection. Reserved.
[A] 110.3.5 Lath, gypsum board and gypsum panel
product inspection. Lath, gypsum board and gypsum
panel product inspections shall be made after lathing, gypsum board and gypsum panel products, interior and exterior, are in place, but before any plastering is applied or
gypsum board and gypsum panel product joints and fasteners are taped and finished.
Exception: Gypsum board and gypsum panel products
that are not part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly or a
shear assembly.
110.3.6 Weather-exposed balcony and walking surface
waterproofing. Where balcony or other elevated walking
surfaces are exposed to water from direct or blowing rain
or irrigation, and the structural framing is protected by an
impervious moisture barrier, all elements of the impervious-moisture-barrier system shall not be concealed until
inspected and approved.
[A] 110.3.7 Fire- and smoke-resistant penetrations.
Protection of joints and penetrations in fire-resistancerated assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions
shall not be concealed from view until inspected and
approved.
[A] 110.3.8 Energy efficiency inspections. Inspections
shall be made to determine compliance with Chapter 13
and shall include, but not be limited to, inspections for:
envelope insulation R- and U-values, fenestration U-value,
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duct system R-value, and HVAC and water-heating equipment efficiency.
[A] 110.3.9 Other inspections. In addition to the inspections specified in Sections 110.3 through 110.3.8, the
building official is authorized to make or require other
inspections of any construction work to ascertain compliance with the provisions of this code and other laws that
are enforced by the department of building safety.
[A] 110.3.10 Special inspections. Reserved.
[A] 110.3.11 Final inspection. Reserved.
[A] 110.3.11.1 Flood hazard documentation.
Reserved.
110.3.12 Termites. Building components and building
surroundings required to be protected from termite damage in accordance with Section 1503.7, Section 2304.12.6
or Section 2304.12.2.8, specifically required to be
inspected for termites in accordance with Section 2114, or
required to have chemical soil treatment in accordance
with Section 1816 shall not be covered or concealed until
the release from the building official has been received.
110.3.13 Impact-resistant coverings or systems. Where
impact-resistant coverings or systems are installed to meet
requirements of this code, the building official shall schedule adequate inspections of impact-resistant coverings or
systems to determine the following:
1. The system indicated on the plans was installed.
2. The system is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and the product
approval.
[A] 110.4 Inspection agencies. Reserved.
[A] 110.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the
holder of the building permit or their duly authorized agent to
notify the building official when work is ready for inspection.
It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to
and means for inspections of such work that are required by
this code.
[A] 110.6 Approval required. Work shall not be done
beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection
without first obtaining the approval of the building official.
The building official, upon notification, shall make the
requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of
the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or notify
the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to
comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall
be corrected and such portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the building official.
110.7 Shoring. For threshold buildings, shoring and associated formwork or falsework shall be designed and inspected
by a Florida licensed professional engineer prior to any
required mandatory inspections by the threshold building
inspector.
110.8 Threshold building.
110.8.1 During new construction or during repair or restoration projects in which the structural system or structural
loading of a building is being modified, the enforcing
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
agency shall require a special inspector to perform structural inspections on a threshold building pursuant to a
structural inspection plan prepared by the engineer or
architect of record. The structural inspection plan must be
submitted to the enforcing agency prior to the issuance of
a building permit for the construction of a threshold building. The purpose of the structural inspection plans is to
provide specific inspection procedures and schedules so
that the building can be adequately inspected for compliance with the permitted documents. The special inspector
may not serve as a surrogate in carrying out the responsibilities of the building official, the architect, or the engineer of record. The contractor’s contractual or statutory
obligations are not relieved by any action of the special
inspector.
110.8.2 The special inspector shall determine that a professional engineer who specializes in shoring design has
inspected the shoring and reshoring for conformance with
the shoring and reshoring plans submitted to the enforcing
agency. A fee simple title owner of a building, which does
not meet the minimum size, height, occupancy, occupancy
classification, or number-of-stories criteria which would
result in classification as a threshold building under s.
553.71(7), Florida Statutes may designate such building
as a threshold building, subject to more than the minimum
number of inspections required by the Florida Building
Code.
110.8.3 The fee owner of a threshold building shall select
and pay all costs of employing a special inspector, but the
special inspector shall be responsible to the enforcement
agency. The inspector shall be a person certified, licensed
or registered under Chapter 471, Florida Statutes, as an
engineer or under Chapter 481, Florida Statutes, as an
architect.
110.8.4 Each enforcement agency shall require that, on
every threshold building:
110.8.4.1 The special inspector, upon completion of the
building and prior to the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, file a signed and sealed statement with the
enforcement agency in substantially the following
form: “To the best of my knowledge and belief, the
above described construction of all structural loadbearing components complies with the permitted documents, and the shoring and reshoring conforms to the
shoring and reshoring plans submitted to the enforcement agency.”
110.8.4.2 Any proposal to install an alternate structural
product or system to which building codes apply be
submitted to the enforcement agency for review for
compliance with the codes and made part of the
enforcement agency’s recorded set of permit documents.
110.8.4.3 All shoring and reshoring procedures, plans
and details be submitted to the enforcement agency for
recordkeeping. Each shoring and reshoring installation
shall be supervised, inspected and certified to be in
compliance with the shoring documents by the contractor.
19
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110.8.4.4 All plans for the building which are required
to be signed and sealed by the architect or engineer of
record contain a statement that, to the best of the architect’s or engineer’s knowledge, the plans and specifications comply with the applicable minimum building
codes and the applicable fire-safety standards as determined by the local authority in accordance with this
section and Chapter 633, Florida Statutes.
110.8.5 No enforcing agency may issue a building permit
for construction of any threshold building except to a
licensed general contractor, as defined in Section
489.105(3)(a), Florida Statutes, or to a licensed building
contractor, as defined in Section 489.105(3)(b), Florida
Statutes, within the scope of her or his license. The named
contractor to whom the building permit is issued shall
have the responsibility for supervision, direction, management and control of the construction activities on the project for which the building permit was issued.
110.8.6 The building department may allow a special
inspector to conduct the minimum structural inspection of
threshold buildings required by this code, Section 553.73,
Florida Statutes, without duplicative inspection by the
building department. The building official is responsible
for ensuring that any person conducting inspections is
qualified as a building inspector under Part XII of Chapter
468, Florida Statutes, or certified as a special inspector
under Chapter 471 or 481, Florida Statutes. Inspections of
threshold buildings required by Section 553.79(5), Florida
Statutes, are in addition to the minimum inspections
required by this code.
110.9 Mandatory structural inspections for condominium
and cooperative buildings.
110.9.1 General. The Legislature finds that maintaining
the structural integrity of a building throughout its service
life is of paramount importance in order to ensure that
buildings are structurally sound so as to not pose a threat
to the public health, safety, or welfare. As such, the Legislature finds that the imposition of a statewide structural
inspection program for aging condominium and cooperative buildings in this state is necessary to ensure that such
buildings are safe for continued use.
110.9.2 As used in this section, the terms:
(a) “Milestone inspection” means a structural inspection of a building, including an inspection of load-bearing walls and the primary structural members and
primary structural systems as those terms are defined in
s. 627.706, Florida Statutes, by a licensed architect or
engineer authorized to practice in this state for the purposes of attesting to the life safety and adequacy of the
structural components of the building and, to the extent
reasonably possible, determining the general structural
condition of the building as it affects the safety of such
building, including a determination of any necessary
maintenance, repair, or replacement of any structural
component of the building. The purpose of such inspection is not to determine if the condition of an existing
building is in compliance with the Florida Building
Code or the fire safety code.
20
(b) “Substantial structural deterioration” means substantial structural distress that negatively affects a
building’s general structural condition and integrity.
The term does not include surface imperfections such
as cracks, distortion, sagging, deflections, misalignment, signs of leakage, or peeling of finishes unless the
licensed engineer or architect performing the phase one
or phase two inspection determines that such surface
imperfections are a sign of substantial structural deterioration.
110.9.3 A condominium association under Chapter 718,
Florida Statutes, and a cooperative association under Chapter 719, Florida Statutes, must have a milestone inspection
performed for each building that is three stories or more in
height by December 31 of the year in which the building
reaches 30 years of age, based on the date the certificate of
occupancy for the building was issued, and every 10 years
thereafter. If the building is located within 3 miles of a
coastline as defined in s. 376.031, Florida Statutes, the condominium association or cooperative association must have
a milestone inspection performed by December 31 of the
year in which the building reaches 25 years of age, based on
the date the certificate of occupancy for the building was
issued, and every 10 years thereafter. The condominium
association or cooperative association must arrange for the
milestone inspection to be performed and is responsible for
ensuring compliance with the requirements of this section.
The condominium association or cooperative association is
responsible for all costs associated with the inspection. This
subsection does not apply to a single- family, two-family, or
three-family dwelling with three or fewer habitable stories
above ground.
110.9.4 If a milestone inspection is required under this
section and the building’s certificate of occupancy was
issued on or before July 1, 1992, the building’s initial
milestone inspection must be performed before December
31, 2024. If the date of issuance for the certificate of occupancy is not available, the date of issuance of the building’s certificate of occupancy shall be the date of
occupancy evidenced in any record of the local building
official.
110.9.5 Upon determining that a building must have a
milestone inspection, the local enforcement agency must
provide written notice of such required inspection to the
condominium association or cooperative association by
certified mail, return receipt requested.
110.9.6 Within 180 days after receiving the written notice
under Section 110.9.5, the condominium association or
cooperative association must complete phase one of the
milestone inspection. For purposes of this section, completion of phase one of the milestone inspection means the
licensed engineer or architect who performed the phase
one inspection submitted the inspection report by e-mail,
United States Postal Service, or commercial delivery service to the local enforcement agency.
110.9.7 A milestone inspection consists of two phases:
110.9.7.1 For phase one of the milestone inspection, a
licensed architect or engineer authorized to practice in
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
this state shall perform a visual examination of habitable and nonhabitable areas of a building, including the
major structural components of a building, and provide
a qualitative assessment of the structural conditions of
the building. If the architect or engineer finds no signs
of substantial structural deterioration to any building
components under visual examination, phase two of the
inspection, as provided in Section 110.9.7.2, is not
required. An architect or engineer who completes a
phase one milestone inspection shall prepare and submit an inspection report pursuant to Section 110.9.8.
110.9.7.2 A phase two of the milestone inspection must
be performed if any substantial structural deterioration
is identified during phase one. A phase two inspection
may involve destructive or nondestructive testing at the
inspector’s direction. The inspection may be as extensive or as limited as necessary to fully assess areas of
structural distress in order to confirm that the building
is structurally sound and safe for its intended use and to
recommend a program for fully assessing and repairing
distressed and damaged portions of the building. When
determining testing locations, the inspector must give
preference to locations that are the least disruptive and
most easily repairable while still being representative
of the structure. An inspector who completes a phase
two milestone inspection shall prepare and submit an
inspection report pursuant to Section 110.9.8.
110.9.8 Upon completion of a phase one or phase two
milestone inspection, the architect or engineer who performed the inspection must submit a sealed copy of the
inspection report with a separate summary of, at minimum, the material findings and recommendations in the
inspection report to the condominium association or cooperative association, and to the building official of the local
government which has jurisdiction. The inspection report
must, at a minimum, meet all of the following criteria:
(a) Bear the seal and signature, or the electronic signature, of the licensed engineer or architect who performed the inspection.
(b) Indicate the manner and type of inspection forming
the basis for the inspection report.
(c) Identify any substantial structural deterioration,
within a reasonable professional probability based on
the scope of the inspection, describe the extent of such
deterioration, and identify any recommended repairs
for such deterioration.
(d) State whether unsafe or dangerous conditions, as
those terms are defined in the Florida Building Code,
were observed.
(e) Recommend any remedial or preventive repair for
any items that are damaged but are not substantial
structural deterioration.
(f) Identify and describe any items requiring further
inspection.
110.9.9 The association must distribute a copy of the
inspector-prepared summary of the inspection report to
each condominium unit owner or cooperative unit owner,
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
regardless of the findings or recommendations in the
report, by United States mail or personal delivery and by
electronic transmission to unit owners who previously
consented to received notice by electronic transmission;
must post a copy of the inspector-prepared summary in a
conspicuous place on the condominium or cooperative
property; and must publish the full report and inspectorprepared summary on the association’s website, if the
association is required to have a website.
110.9.10 A local enforcement agency may prescribe timelines and penalties with respect to compliance with this
section.
110.9.11 A board of county commissioners may adopt an
ordinance requiring that a condominium or cooperative
association schedule or commence repairs for substantial
structural deterioration within a specified timeframe after
the local enforcement agency receives a phase two inspection report; however, such repairs must be commenced
within 365 days after receiving such report. If an association fails to submit proof to the local enforcement agency
that repairs have been scheduled or have commenced for
substantial structural deterioration identified in a phase
two inspection report within the required timeframe, the
local enforcement agency must review and determine if
the building is unsafe for human occupancy.
SECTION 111
CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
[A] 111.1 Use and occupancy. A building or structure shall
not be used or occupied, and a change in the existing use or
occupancy classification of a building or structure or portion
thereof shall not be made, until the building official has
issued a certificate of occupancy therefor as provided herein.
Issuance of a certificate of occupancy shall not be construed
as an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or
of other ordinances of the jurisdiction.
Exception: Certificates of occupancy are not required for
work exempt from permits in accordance with Section
105.2.
[A] 111.2 Certificate issued. After the building official
inspects the building or structure and does not find violations of the provisions of this code or other laws that are
enforced by the department of building safety, the building
official shall issue a certificate of occupancy that contains
the following:
1. The building permit number.
2. The address of the structure.
3. The name and address of the owner or the owner’s
authorized agent.
4. A description of that portion of the structure for which
the certificate is issued.
5. A statement that the described portion of the structure
has been inspected for compliance with the requirements of this code for the occupancy and division of
occupancy and the use for which the proposed occupancy is classified.
21
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
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101674064
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6. For buildings and structures in flood hazard areas, a
statement that documentation of the as-built lowest
floor elevation has been provided and is retained in
the records of the authority having jurisdiction
7. The name of the building official.
8. The edition of the code under which the permit was
issued.
9. The use and occupancy, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 3.
the owner and occupant of the building, structure or service
system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such
action. If not notified prior to disconnecting, the owner or
occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be
notified in writing, as soon as practical thereafter.
SECTION 113
BOARD OF APPEALS
RESERVED
10. The type of construction as defined in Chapter 6.
11. The design occupant load.
12. If an automatic sprinkler system is provided, whether
the sprinkler system is required.
SECTION 114
VIOLATIONS
RESERVED
13. Any special stipulations and conditions of the building permit.
[A] 111.3 Temporary occupancy. The building official is
authorized to issue a temporary certificate of occupancy
before the completion of the entire work covered by the permit, provided that such portion or portions shall be occupied
safely. The building official shall set a time period during
which the temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.
SECTION 115
STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 115.1 Authority. Where the building official finds any
work regulated by this code being performed in a manner
either contrary to the provisions of this code or dangerous or
unsafe, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work
order.
[A] 111.4 Revocation. The building official is authorized to,
in writing, suspend or revoke a certificate of occupancy or
completion issued under the provisions of this code wherever
the certificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect
information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
[A] 115.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing
and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, the
owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work.
Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall
immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason
for the order and the conditions under which the cited work
will be permitted to resume.
111.5 Certificate of completion. A certificate of completion
is proof that a structure or system is complete and for certain
types of permits is released for use and may be connected to a
utility system. This certificate does not grant authority to
occupy a building, such as shell building, prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
[A] 115.3 Unlawful continuance. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work
order, except such work as that person is directed to perform
to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to
penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION 112
SERVICE UTILITIES
[A] 112.1 Connection of service utilities. A person shall not
make connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel or
power to any building or system that is regulated by this code
for which a permit is required, until released by the building
official.
[A] 112.2 Temporary connection. The building official shall
have the authority to authorize the temporary connection of
the building or system to the utility, source of energy, fuel or
power.
[A] 112.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The
building official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection of utility service to the building, structure or system
regulated by this code and the referenced codes and standards
set forth in Section 101.4 in case of emergency where necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to life or property or
where such utility connection has been made without the
approval required by Section 112.1 or 112.2. The building
official shall notify the serving utility, and wherever possible
22
SECTION 116
UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
RESERVED
SECTION 117
VARIANCES IN FLOOD HAZARD AREAS
117.1 Flood hazard areas. Pursuant to Section 553.73(5),
Florida Statutes, the variance procedures adopted in the local
flood plain management ordinance shall apply to requests
submitted to the building official for variances to the provisions of Section 1612.4 of the Florida Building Code, Building or, as applicable, the provisions of Section R322 of the
Florida Building Code, Residential. This section shall not
apply to Section 3109 of the Florida Building Code, Building.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
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CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 201
GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have
the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes
the plural and the plural, the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
defined in this code and are defined in the Florida Building
Code, Energy Conservation; Florida Building Code, Fuel
Gas; Florida Fire Prevention Code; Florida Building Code,
Mechanical or Florida Building Code, Plumbing, such terms
shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.
SECTION 202
DEFINITIONS
24-HOUR BASIS. The actual time that a person is an occupant within a facility for the purpose of receiving care. It shall
not include a facility that is open for 24 hours and is capable
of providing care to someone visiting the facility during any
segment of the 24 hours.
[BS] AAC MASONRY. Masonry made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) units, manufactured without internal
reinforcement and bonded together using thin- or thick-bed
mortar.
ACCESSIBLE. See the Florida Building Code, Accessibility.
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and
unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point
in a building or facility to a public way.
ACCESSIBLE ROUTE. See the Florida Building Code,
Accessibility.
ACCESSIBLE UNIT. See the Florida Building Code,
Accessibility.
ACCESSORY COMPONENTS. Components used in the
installation of pedestals and pedestrian deck panels or pavers
of the exterior elevated flooring system. Accessory components are made of either plastic, metal or other approved
materials. Accessory components may be used to provide lateral bracing of the pedestals, to provide vertical support, for
leveling the pedestal, to restrain the pedestrian deck panels or
pavers to the top of the pedestal, or for other system requirements.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A structure that is accessory
to and incidental to that of a building or dwelling(s) and that
is located on the same lot.
ACCREDITATION BODY. An approved, third-party organization that is independent of the grading and inspection
agencies, and the lumber mills, and that initially accredits and
subsequently monitors, on a continuing basis, the competency and performance of a grading or inspection agency
related to carrying out specific tasks.
[A] ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area,
number of stories or height of a building or structure.
[BS] ADHERED MASONRY VENEER. Veneer secured
and supported through the adhesion of an approved bonding
material applied to an approved backing.
[BS] ADOBE CONSTRUCTION. Construction in which
the exterior load-bearing and nonload-bearing walls and partitions are of unfired clay masonry units, and floors, roofs and
interior framing are wholly or partly of wood or other
approved materials.
Adobe, stabilized. Unfired clay masonry units to which
admixtures, such as emulsified asphalt, are added during
the manufacturing process to limit the units’ water absorption so as to increase their durability.
Adobe, unstabilized. Unfired clay masonry units that do
not meet the definition of “Adobe, stabilized.”
[F] AEROSOL CONTAINER. A metal can or a glass or
plastic bottle designed to dispense an aerosol.
[F] AEROSOL PRODUCT. A product that is dispensed
from an aerosol container by a propellant. Aerosol products
shall be classified by means of the calculation of their chemical heats of combustion and shall be designated Level 1,
Level 2 or Level 3.
Level 1 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical
heat of combustion that is less than or equal to 8,600 British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb) (20 kJ/g).
Level 2 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical
heat of combustion that is greater than 8,600 Btu/lb (20 kJ/
g), but less than or equal to 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g).
Level 3 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical
heat of combustion that is greater than 13,000 Btu/lb (30
kJ/g).
[BS] AGGREGATE. In roofing, crushed stone, crushed slag
or water-worn gravel used for surfacing for roof coverings.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. Reserved.
AIR-IMPERMEABLE INSULATION. An insulation having an air permeance equal to or less than 0.02 l/s × m2 at 75
pa pressure differential tested in accordance with ASTM
E2178 or ASTM E283.
23
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURE. A structure that uses airpressurized membrane beams, arches or other elements to
enclose space. Occupants of such a structure do not occupy
the pressurized area used to support the structure.
AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. A structure wherein the
shape of the structure is attained by air pressure and occupants of the structure are within the elevated pressure area.
Air-supported structures are of two basic types:
Double skin. Similar to a single skin, but with an attached
liner that is separated from the outer skin and provides an
airspace which serves for insulation, acoustic, aesthetic or
similar purposes.
Single skin. Where there is only the single outer skin and
the air pressure is directly against that skin.
AISLE. An unenclosed exit access component that defines
and provides a path of egress travel.
AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that
leads to an aisle.
[F] ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fire alarm
system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light or text
display that provides audible, tactile or visible outputs, or any
combination thereof.
[F] ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency
requiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.
ANNULAR SPACE. The opening around the penetrating
item.
[F] ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays or other equivalent means
in which each indication provides status information about a
circuit, condition or location.
APPLICABLE GOVERNING BODY. A city, county,
state, state agency or other political government subdivision
or entity authorized to administer and enforce the provisions
of this code, as adopted or amended. Also applies to administrative authority.
[A] APPROVED. Acceptable to the building official.
[A] APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized
agency that is regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services, where such agency has been
approved by the building official.
[BS] APPROVED FABRICATOR. An established and
qualified person, firm or corporation approved by the building official pursuant to Chapter 17 of this code.
[A] APPROVED SOURCE. An independent person, firm or
corporation, approved by the building official, who is competent and experienced in the application of engineering principles to materials, methods or systems analyses.
ARCHITECT. A Florida-registered architect.
[F] ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. A feature of
automatic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce
unwanted alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within a given time period, after being automatically
reset, in order to be accepted as a valid alarm-initiation signal.
[BS] AREA (for masonry).
ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN. A method of proportioning structural members, such that elastically computed
stresses produced in the members by nominal loads do not
exceed specified allowable stresses (also called “working
stress design”).
AREA, BUILDING. The area included within surrounding
exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) exclusive of
vent shafts and courts. Areas of the building not provided
with surrounding walls shall be included in the building area
if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of
the roof or floor above.
[A] ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an
existing structure other than repair or addition.
ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that has a
series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 rad)
from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail in an
alternating manner so that the user does not have both feet on
the same level at the same time.
AMBULATORY CARE FACILITY. Buildings or portions
thereof used to provide medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing
or similar care on a less than 24-hour basis to persons who are
rendered incapable of self-preservation by the services provided.
ANCHOR BUILDING. An exterior perimeter building of a
group other than H having direct access to a covered or open
mall building but having required means of egress independent of the mall.
[BS] ANCHORED MASONRY VENEER. Veneer secured
with approved mechanical fasteners to an approved backing.
24
Gross cross-sectional. The area delineated by the out-toout specified dimensions of masonry in the plane under
consideration.
Net cross-sectional. The area of masonry units, grout and
mortar crossed by the plane under consideration based on
out-to-out specified dimensions.
AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to use
stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or
assistance during emergency evacuation.
AREA OF SPORT ACTIVITY. That portion of an indoor
or outdoor space where the play or practice of a sport occurs.
AREAWAY. A subsurface space adjacent to a building open
at the top or protected at the top by a grating or guard.
ASSEMBLY SEATING, MULTILEVEL. See “Multilevel
assembly seating.”
ATRIUM. A vertical space that is closed at the top connecting two or more stories in Group I-2 and I-3 Occupancies or
three stories in all other occupancies.
ATTIC. The space between the ceiling beams of the top story
and the roof rafters.
[F] AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE.
A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
[F] AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, a
device or system providing an emergency function without
the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result
of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise
or combustion products.
[F] AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM.
An approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire.
AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLT. Door-locking hardware,
installed on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors, which has a
bolt that is extended automatically into the door frame or
floor when the active leaf is closed after the inactive leaf, and
which holds the inactive leaf in a closed position. When the
active leaf is opened, the automatic flush bolt retracts the bolt
or rod allowing the inactive leaf to be opened (see CONSTANT LATCHING BOLT, DEAD BOLT, MANUAL
BOLT).
[F] AUTOMATIC SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM. A
fire alarm system that has initiation devices that utilize smoke
detectors for protection of an area such as a room or space
with detectors to provide early warning of fire.
[F] AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. An automatic
sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated
system of underground and overhead piping designed in
accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The
system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the
system above the ground is a network of specially sized or
hydraulically designed piping installed in a structure or area,
generally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklers are
connected in a systematic pattern. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire
area.
[F] AUTOMATIC WATER MIST SYSTEM. A system
consisting of a water supply, a pressure source, and a distribution piping system with attached nozzles, which, at or
above a minimum operating pressure, defined by its listing,
discharges water in fine droplets meeting the requirements of
NFPA 750 for the purpose of the control, suppression or
extinguishment of a fire. Such systems include wet-pipe, drypipe and preaction types. The systems are designed as engineered, preengineered, local-application or total-flooding
systems.
[F] AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root
mean square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured over
a 24-hour period, or the time any person is present, whichever
time period is less.
AWNING. An architectural projection that provides weather
protection, identity or decoration and is partially or wholly
supported by the building to which it is attached. An awning
is comprised of a lightweight frame structure over which a
covering is attached. An awning may be fixed or moveable,
cantilevered, or otherwise entirely supported from a building.
BACKING. The wall or surface to which the veneer is
secured.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
BALANCED DOOR. A door equipped with double-pivoted
hardware so designed as to cause a semicounterbalanced
swing action when opening.
[F] BALED COTTON. A natural seed fiber wrapped in and
secured with industry accepted materials, usually consisting
of burlap, woven polypropylene, polyethylene or cotton or
sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic or wire
bands or wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the
cottonseed) and motes (residual materials from the ginning
process).
[F] BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. Cotton
made into banded bales with a packing density of not less
than 22 pounds per cubic foot (360 kg/m3), and dimensions
complying with the following: a length of 55 inches (1397
mm), a width of 21 inches (533.4 mm) and a height of 27.6 to
35.4 inches (701 to 899 mm).
[BS] BALLAST. In roofing, ballast comes in the form of
large stones or paver systems or light-weight interlocking
paver systems and is used to provide uplift resistance for
roofing systems that are not adhered or mechanically attached
to the roof deck.
[F] BARRICADE. A structure that consists of a combination
of walls, floor and roof, which is designed to withstand the
rapid release of energy in an explosion and which is fully
confined, partially vented or fully vented; or other effective
method of shielding from explosive materials by a natural or
artificial barrier.
Artificial barricade. An artificial mound or revetment a
minimum thickness of 3 feet (914 mm).
Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such
as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding
exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the
magazine or building containing explosives when the trees
are bare of leaves.
[BS] BASE FLOOD. The flood having a 1-percent chance of
being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
[BS] BASE FLOOD ELEVATION. The elevation of the
base flood, including wave height, relative to the National
Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD), North American Vertical
Datum (NAVD) or other datum specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).
[BS] BASEMENT (for flood loads). The portion of a building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all
sides. This definition of “Basement” is limited in application
to the provisions of Section 1612.
BASEMENT. A story that is not a story above grade plane
(see “Story above grade plane”). This definition of “Basement” does not apply to the provisions of Section 1612 for
flood loads.
BEARING WALL STRUCTURE. A building or other
structure in which vertical loads from floors and roofs are primarily supported by walls.
[BS] BED JOINT. The horizontal layer of mortar on which a
masonry unit is laid.
25
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
BLEACHERS. Tiered seating supported on a dedicated
structural system and two or more rows high and is not a
building element (see “Grandstand”).
[A] BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated
authority charged with the administration and enforcement of
this code, or a duly authorized representative.
BOARDING HOUSE. A building arranged or used for lodging for compensation, with or without meals, and not occupied as a single-family unit.
[BS] BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING. Two or more layers
of felt cemented together and surfaced with a cap sheet, mineral aggregate, smooth coating or similar surfacing material.
[F] BOILING POINT. The temperature at which the vapor
pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure of 14.7
pounds per square inch (psia) (101 kPa) or 760 mm of mercury. Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the
material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for the purposes of this classification, the
20-percent evaporated point of a distillation performed in
accordance with ASTM D86 shall be used as the boiling
point of the liquid.
BURIAL CHAMBER MAUSOLEUM. A family mausoleum consisting of six or fewer casket placement crypts plus a
chamber to be used for loading of caskets from the interior of
the mausoleum which is not below the level of the ground
and which is substantially exposed above ground.
[BS] BRACED WALL LINE. A straight line through the
building plan that represents the location of the lateral resistance provided by the wall bracing.
[BS] BRACED WALL PANEL. A full-height section of
wall constructed to resist in-plane shear loads through interaction of framing members, sheathing material and anchors.
The panel’s length meets the requirements of its particular
bracing method and contributes toward the total amount of
bracing required along its braced wall line.
BREAKOUT. For revolving doors, a process whereby wings
or door panels can be pushed open manually for means of
egress travel.
[BS] BRICK.
Calcium silicate (sand lime brick). A pressed and subsequently autoclaved unit that consists of sand and lime,
with or without the inclusion of other materials.
Clay or shale. A solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or
shale, usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned
or fired in a kiln; brick is a ceramic product.
Concrete. A concrete masonry unit made from Portland
cement, water, and suitable aggregates, with or without the
inclusion of other materials.
[A] BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
BUILDING AREA. See “Area, building.”
BUILDING ELEMENT. A fundamental component of
building construction, listed in Table 601, which may or may
not be of fire-resistance-rated construction and is constructed
of materials based on the building type of construction.
BUILDING HEIGHT. See “Height, building.”
BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIPV)
PRODUCT. A building product that incorporates photovoltaic modules and functions as a component of the building
envelope.
BUILDING LINE. The line established by law, beyond
which a building shall not extend, except as specifically provided by law.
26
CANOPY. A permanent structure or architectural projection
of rigid construction over which a covering is attached that
provides weather protection, identity or decoration. A canopy is permitted to be structurally independent or supported
by attachment to a building on one or more sides.
[F] CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS.
A system supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) from a pressurized
vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a
manual- or automatic-actuating mechanism.
CARBON MONOXIDE ALARM. A device for the purpose
of detecting carbon monoxide, that produces a distinct audible alarm, and is listed or labeled with the appropriate standard, either ANSI/UL 2034, Standard for Single and Multiple
Station CO Alarms, or UL 2075, Gas and Vapor Detector
Sensor, in accordance with its application.
CARE SUITE. In Group I-2 occupancies, a group of treatment rooms, care recipient sleeping rooms and the support
rooms or spaces and circulation space within the suite where
staff are in attendance for supervision of all care recipients
within the suite, and the suite is in compliance with the
requirements of Section 407.4.4.
[BS] CAST STONE. A building stone manufactured from
Portland cement concrete precast and used as a trim, veneer
or facing on or in buildings or structures.
[F] CEILING LIMIT. The maximum concentration of an
airborne contaminant to which one may be exposed. The ceiling limits utilized are those published in DOL 29 CFR Part
1910.1000. The ceiling Recommended Exposure Limit
(REL-C) concentrations published by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Threshold
Limit Value—Ceiling (TLV-C) concentrations published by
the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Ceiling Workplace Environmental
Exposure Level (WEEL-Ceiling) Guides published by the
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and other
approved, consistent measures are allowed as surrogates for
hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part
1910.1000.
CEILING RADIATION DAMPER. A listed device
installed in a ceiling membrane of a fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly to limit automatically
the radiative heat transfer through an air inlet/outlet opening.
Ceiling radiation dampers include air terminal units, ceiling
dampers and ceiling air diffusers. Ceiling radiation dampers
are classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic sysFLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
tems that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic ceiling
radiation damper is tested and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.
CELL (Group I-3 occupancy). A room within a housing
unit in a detention or correctional facility used to confine
inmates or prisoners.
[BS] CELL (masonry). A void space having a gross crosssectional area greater than 11/2 square inches (967 mm2).
CELL TIER. Levels of cells vertically stacked above one
another within a housing unit.
[BS] CEMENT PLASTER. A mixture of Portland or
blended cement, Portland cement or blended cement and
hydrated lime, masonry cement or plastic cement and aggregate and other approved materials as specified in this code.
CERAMIC FIBER BLANKET. A high-temperature mineral wool insulation material made of alumina-silica ceramic
or calcium magnesium silicate soluble fibers and weighing 4
to 10 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (64 to 160 kg/m3).
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE. A certificate stating
that materials and products meet specified standards or that
work was done in compliance with approved construction
documents.
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. Either of the following shall
be considered as a change of occupancy where this code
requires a greater degree of safety, accessibility, structural
strength, fire protection, means of egress, ventilation or sanitation than is existing in the current building or structure:
1. Any change in the occupancy classification of a building or structure.
2. Any change in the purpose of, or a change in the level
of activity within, a building or structure.
CHAPEL MAUSOLEUM. A mausoleum for the public that
has heat or air conditioning, with or without a committal area
or office.
[M] CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical structure containing
one or more flues, for the purpose of carrying gaseous products of combustion and air from a fuel-burning appliance to
the outdoor atmosphere.
Factory-built chimney. A listed and labeled chimney
composed of factory-made components, assembled in the
field in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and
the conditions of the listing.
Masonry chimney. A field-constructed chimney composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones, or concrete.
Metal chimney. A field-constructed chimney of metal.
[M] CHIMNEY TYPES.
High-heat appliance type. An approved chimney for
removing the products of combustion from fuel-burning,
high-heat appliances producing combustion gases in
excess of 2000°F (1093°C) measured at the appliance flue
outlet (see Section 2113.11.3).
Low-heat appliance type. An approved chimney for
removing the products of combustion from fuel-burning,
low-heat appliances producing combustion gases not in
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
excess of 1000°F (538°C) under normal operating conditions, but capable of producing combustion gases of
1400°F (760°C) during intermittent forces firing for periods up to 1 hour. Temperatures shall be measured at the
appliance flue outlet.
Masonry type. A field-constructed chimney of solid
masonry units or stones.
Medium-heat appliance type. An approved chimney for
removing the products of combustion from fuel-burning,
medium-heat appliances producing combustion gases not
exceeding 2000°F (1093°C) measured at the appliance
flue outlet (see Section 2113.11.2).
CIRCULATION PATH. See the Florida Building Code,
Accessibility.
[F] CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile or
gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon
vaporation.
[E] CLIMATE ZONE. A geographical region that has been
assigned climatic criteria as specified in Chapters 3CE and
3RE of the Florida Building Code, Energy Conservation.
CLINIC, OUTPATIENT. Buildings or portions thereof
used to provide medical care on less than a 24-hour basis to
persons who are not rendered incapable of self-preservation
by the services provided.
[F] CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material involving a closed vessel or system that remains
closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the
product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and
the product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal
operations; and all uses of compressed gases. Examples of
closed systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or
piece of equipment.
[BS] COASTAL A ZONE. Area within a special flood hazard area, landward of a V zone or landward of an open coast
without mapped coastal high hazard areas. In a coastal A
zone, the principal source of flooding must be astronomical
tides, storm surges, seiches or tsunamis, not riverine flooding.
During the base flood conditions, the potential for breaking
wave height shall be greater than or equal to 11/2 feet (457
mm). The inland limit of the coastal A zone is (a) the Limit of
Moderate Wave Action if delineated on a FIRM, or (b) designated by the authority having jurisdiction.
[BS] COASTAL HIGH HAZARD AREA. Area within the
special flood hazard area extending from offshore to the
inland limit of a primary dune along an open coast and any
other area that is subject to high-velocity wave action from
storms or seismic sources, and shown on a Flood Insurance
Rate Map (FIRM) or other flood hazard map as velocity Zone
V, VO, VE or V1-30.
[BS] COLLAR JOINT. Vertical longitudinal space between
wythes of masonry or between masonry wythe and backup
construction that is permitted to be filled with mortar or
grout.
[BS] COLLECTOR. A horizontal diaphragm element parallel and in line with the applied force that collects and trans27
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
fers diaphragm shear forces to the vertical elements of the
lateral force-resisting system or distributes forces within the
diaphragm, or both.
COMMON USE. Interior or exterior circulation paths,
rooms, spaces or elements that are not for public use and are
made available for the shared use of two or more people.
COLUMBARIUM. A permanent structure consisting of
niches.
COMPANION CRYPT. A permanent chamber in a mausoleum for the containment of human remains of more than one
individual.
COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER. A listed
device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to
close automatically upon the detection of heat and resist the
passage of flame and smoke. The device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system,
and where required, is capable of being positioned from a fire
command center.
COMBINED PILE RAFT. A geotechnical composite construction that combines the bearing effect of both foundation
elements, raft and piles, by taking into account interactions
between the foundation elements and the subsoil.
[F] COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided solid material
that is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by a
flame, spark or other source of ignition. Combustible dust
will pass through a U.S. No. 40 standard sieve.
[F] COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Readily ignitable and freeburning materials in a fibrous or shredded form, such as
cocoa fiber, cloth, cotton, excelsior, hay, hemp, henequen,
istle, jute, kapok, oakum, rags, sisal, Spanish moss, straw,
tow, wastepaper, certain synthetic fibers or other like materials. This definition does not include densely packed baled
cotton.
[F] COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed
cup flash point at or above 100°F (38°C). Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
Class II. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or
above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
Class IIIA. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or
above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
Class IIIB. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or
above 200°F (93°C).
The category of combustible liquids does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids.
COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE. A motor vehicle
used to transport passengers or property where the motor
vehicle:
1. Has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds
(4540 kg) or more; or
2. Is designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver.
COMMISSION. The Florida Building Commission, created
per Section 553.74, Florida Statutes.
[F] COMPRESSED GAS. A material, or mixture of materials, that:
1. Is a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 pounds per square
inch atmosphere (psia) (101 kPa) of pressure; and
2. Has a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia
(101 kPa) which is either liquefied, nonliquefied or in
solution, except those gases which have no other
health- or physical-hazard properties are not considered
to be compressed until the pressure in the packaging
exceeds 41 psia (282 kPa) at 68°F (20°C).
The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows:
1. Nonliquefied compressed gases are gases, other than
those in solution, which are in a packaging under the
charged pressure and are entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68°F (20°C).
2. Liquefied compressed gases are gases that, in a packaging under the charged pressure, are partially liquid at a
temperature of 68°F (20°C).
3. Compressed gases in solution are nonliquefied gases
that are dissolved in a solvent.
4. Compressed gas mixtures consist of a mixture of two or
more compressed gases contained in a packaging, the
hazard properties of which are represented by the properties of the mixture as a whole.
[BS] CONCRETE.
Carbonate aggregate. Concrete made with aggregates
consisting mainly of calcium or magnesium carbonate,
such as limestone or dolomite, and containing 40 percent
or less quartz, chert or flint.
Cellular. A lightweight insulating concrete made by mixing a preformed foam with Portland cement slurry and
having a dry unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480 kg/
m3).
Lightweight aggregate. Concrete made with aggregates
of expanded clay, shale, slag or slate or sintered fly ash or
any natural lightweight aggregate meeting ASTM C330
and possessing equivalent fire-resistance properties and
weighing 85 to 115 pcf (1360 to 1840 kg/m3).
Perlite. A lightweight insulating concrete having a dry
unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480 kg/m3) made
with perlite concrete aggregate. Perlite aggregate is produced from a volcanic rock which, when heated, expands
to form a glass-like material of cellular structure.
COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of
exit access travel distance measured from the most remote
point of each room, area or space to that point where the
occupants have separate and distinct access to two exits or
exit access doorways.
Sand-lightweight. Concrete made with a combination of
expanded clay, shale, slag, slate, sintered fly ash, or any
natural lightweight aggregate meeting ASTM C330 and
possessing equivalent fire-resistance properties and natural sand. Its unit weight is generally between 105 and 120
pcf (1680 and 1920 kg/m3).
28
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
Siliceous aggregate. Concrete made with normal-weight
aggregates consisting mainly of silica or compounds other
than calcium or magnesium carbonate, which contains
more than 40-percent quartz, chert or flint.
Vermiculite. A light weight insulating concrete made
with vermiculite concrete aggregate which is laminated
micaceous material produced by expanding the ore at high
temperatures. When added to a Portland cement slurry the
resulting concrete has a dry unit weight of approximately
30 pcf (480 kg/m3).
CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITIES. A building or
part thereof that contains sleeping units where residents share
bathroom or kitchen facilities, or both.
CONSTANT LATCHING BOLT. Door-locking hardware
installed on the inactive leaf of a pair of doors, which has a
bolt that automatically latches into the door frame or the
floor, and which holds the inactive leaf in a closed position.
The latch bolt is retracted manually to allow the inactive leaf
to be opened (see AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLT, DEAD
BOLT, MANUAL BOLT).
[F] CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. A designated location at a facility staffed by trained personnel on a
continuous basis where alarm or supervisory signals are monitored and facilities are provided for notification of the fire
department or other emergency services.
[A] CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. Written, graphic
and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing
the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit.
CONSTRUCTION TYPES. See Section 602.
Type I. See Section 602.2.
Type II. See Section 602.2.
Type III. See Section 602.3.
Type IV. See Section 602.4.
Type V. See Section 602.5.
[F] CONTROL AREA. Spaces within a building where
quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area are stored, dispensed, used or handled. See the definition of “Outdoor
control area” in the Florida Fire Prevention Code.
CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL. A selfcompacted, cementitious material used primarily as a backfill
in place of compacted fill.
CONVENTIONAL
LIGHT-FRAME
CONSTRUCTION. Construction whose primary structural elements are
formed by a system of repetitive wood-framing members. See
Chapter 23 for conventional light-frame construction provisions.
CORNICE. A projecting horizontal molded element located
at or near the top of an architectural feature.
CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that
defines and provides a path of egress travel.
CORRIDOR, OPEN-ENDED. See “Open-ended corridor.”
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
CORRIDOR DAMPER. A listed device intended for use
where air ducts penetrate or terminate at horizontal openings
in the ceilings of fire-resistance-rated corridors, where the
corridor ceiling is permitted to be constructed as required for
the corridor walls.
[BS] CORROSION RESISTANCE. The ability of a material to withstand deterioration of its surface or its properties
when exposed to its environment.
[F] CORROSIVE. A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical
action at the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered
corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits
by the method described in DOTn 49 CFR, Part 173.137,
such chemical destroys or changes irreversibly the structure
of the tissue at the point of contact following an exposure
period of 4 hours. This term does not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
COURT. An open, uncovered space, unobstructed to the sky,
bounded on three or more sides by exterior building walls or
other enclosing devices.
COVERED MALL BUILDING. A single building enclosing a number of tenants and occupants, such as retail stores,
drinking and dining establishments, entertainment and
amusement facilities, passenger transportation terminals,
offices and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants
have a main entrance into one or more malls. Anchor buildings shall not be considered as a part of the covered mall
building. The term “covered mall building” shall include
open mall buildings as defined below.
Mall. A roofed or covered common pedestrian area within
a covered mall building that serves as access for two or
more tenants and not to exceed three levels that are open
to each other. The term “mall” shall include open malls as
defined below.
Open mall. An unroofed common pedestrian way serving a number of tenants not exceeding three levels. Circulation at levels above grade shall be permitted to
include open exterior balconies leading to exits discharging at grade.
Open mall building. Several structures housing a number of tenants, such as retail stores, drinking and dining
establishments, entertainment and amusement facilities,
offices, and other similar uses, wherein two or more tenants have a main entrance into one or more open malls.
Anchor buildings are not considered as a part of the open
mall building.
[BS] CRIPPLE WALL. A framed stud wall extending from
the top of the foundation to the underside of floor framing for
the lowest occupied floor level.
[F] CRITICAL CIRCUIT. A circuit that requires continuous operation to ensure safety of the structure and occupants.
[BS] CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER. A prefabricated
engineered wood product consisting of not less than three
layers of solid-sawn lumber or structural composite lumber
where the adjacent layers are cross oriented and bonded with
structural adhesive to form a solid wood element.
29
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further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
[F] CRYOGENIC FLUID. A liquid having a boiling point
lower than -150°F (-101°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch
atmosphere (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101 kPa).
CRYPT. A permanent chamber in a mausoleum for the containment of human remains.
CUSTODIAL CARE. Assistance with day-to-day living
tasks; such as assistance with cooking, taking medication,
bathing, using toilet facilities and other tasks of daily living.
Custodial care includes persons receiving care who have the
ability to respond to emergency situations and evacuate at a
slower rate and/or who have mental and psychiatric complications.
[BS] DALLE GLASS. A decorative composite glazing
material made of individual pieces of glass that are embedded
in a cast matrix of concrete or epoxy.
DAMPER. See “Ceiling radiation damper,” “Combination
fire/smoke damper,” “Corridor damper,” “Fire damper” and
“Smoke damper.”
[BS] DANGEROUS. Any building, structure or portion
thereof that meets any of the conditions described below shall
be deemed dangerous:
1. The building or structure has collapsed, has partially
collapsed, has moved off its foundation or lacks the
necessary support of the ground.
2. There exists a significant risk of collapse, detachment
or dislodgment of any portion, member, appurtenance
or ornamentation of the building or structure under permanent, routine, or frequent loads; under actual loads
already in effect; or under wind, rain, flood, or other
environmental loads when such loads are imminent.
[F] DAY BOX. A portable magazine designed to hold explosive materials constructed in accordance with the requirements for a Type 3 magazine as defined and classified in the
Florida Fire Prevention Code.
DEAD BOLT. Door-locking hardware with a bolt which is
extended and retracted by action of the lock mechanism (see
AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLT, CONSTANT LATCHING
BOLT, MANUAL BOLT).
[BS] DEAD LOAD. The weight of materials of construction
incorporated into the building, including but not limited to
walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions,
finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and the weight of fixed service
equipment, including cranes and material-handling systems.
DECORATIVE CEMENTITIOUS FINISH. A skim coat,
as defined in ASTM C926, of Portland cement-based plaster
applied to concrete or masonry surfaces intended for cosmetic purposes.
other effect including, but not limited to, curtains, draperies,
fabrics and streamers; and all other materials utilized for decorative effect including, but not limited to, bulletin boards,
artwork, posters, photographs, batting, cloth, cotton, hay,
stalks, straw, vines, leaves, trees, moss and similar items,
foam plastics and materials containing foam plastics. Decorative materials do not include wall coverings, ceiling coverings, floor coverings, ordinary window shades, interior finish
and materials 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) or less in thickness
applied directly to and adhering tightly to a substrate.
[BS] DEEP FOUNDATION. A deep foundation is a foundation element that does not satisfy the definition of a shallow
foundation.
DEFEND-IN-PLACE. A method of emergency response
that engages building components and trained staff to provide
occupant safety during an emergency. Emergency response
involves remaining in place, relocating within the building, or
both, without evacuating the building.
[A] DEFERRED SUBMITTAL. Those portions of the
design that are not submitted at the time of the application
and that are to be submitted to the building official within a
specified period.
[F] DEFLAGRATION. An exothermic reaction, such as the
extremely rapid oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air,
in which the reaction progresses through the unburned material at a rate less than the velocity of sound. A deflagration
can have an explosive effect.
DELAYED ACTION CLOSER. Self-closing device that
incorporates a delay prior to the initiation of closing. Delayed
action closers are mechanical devices with an adjustable
delay.
[F] DELUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing
open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a
water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation
of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.
[BS] DESIGN FLOOD. The flood associated with the
greater of the following two areas:
1. Area with a flood plain subject to a 1-percent or greater
chance of flooding in any year.
2. Area designated as a flood hazard area on a community’s flood hazard map, or otherwise legally designated.
[BS] DECORATIVE GLASS. A carved, leaded or Dalle
glass or glazing material whose purpose is decorative or artistic, not functional; whose coloring, texture or other design
qualities or components cannot be removed without destroying the glazing material and whose surface, or assembly into
which it is incorporated, is divided into segments.
[BS] DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. The elevation of the
“design flood,” including wave height, relative to the datum
specified on the community’s legally designated flood hazard
map. In areas designated as Zone AO, the design flood elevation shall be the elevation of the highest existing grade of the
building’s perimeter plus the depth number (in feet) specified
on the flood hazard map. In areas designated as Zone AO
where a depth number is not specified on the map, the depth
number shall be taken as being equal to 2 feet (610 mm).
[F] DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All materials applied
over the building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or
[A] DESIGN PROFESSIONAL, REGISTERED. See
“Registered design professional.”
30
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
[A] DESIGN PROFESSIONAL IN RESPONSIBLE
CHARGE, REGISTERED. See “Registered design professional in responsible charge.”
[F] DISPENSING. The pouring or transferring of any material from a container, tank or similar vessel, whereby vapors,
dusts, fumes, mists or gases are liberated to the atmosphere.
[BS] DESIGN STRENGTH. The product of the nominal
strength and a resistance factor (or strength reduction factor).
DOOR, BALANCED. See “Balanced door.”
[F] DETACHED BUILDING. A separate single-story
building, without a basement or crawl space, used for the
storage or use of hazardous materials and located an
approved distance from all structures.
[BS] DETAILED PLAIN CONCRETE STRUCTURAL
WALL. See Section 1905.1.1
DETECTABLE WARNING. See the Florida Building
Code, Accessibility.
[F] DETECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat—
either abnormally high temperature or rate of rise, or both.
[F] DETONATION. An exothermic reaction characterized
by the presence of a shock wave in the material which establishes and maintains the reaction. The reaction zone progresses through the material at a rate greater than the velocity
of sound. The principal heating mechanism is one of shock
compression. Detonations have an explosive effect.
DETOXIFICATION FACILITIES. Facilities that provide
treatment for substance abuse, serving care recipients who are
incapable of self-preservation or who are harmful to themselves or others.
[BS] DIAPHRAGM. A horizontal or sloped system acting to
transmit lateral forces to vertical elements of the lateral forceresisting system. When the term “diaphragm” is used, it shall
include horizontal bracing systems.
Diaphragm, blocked. In light-frame construction, a diaphragm in which all sheathing edges not occurring on a
framing member are supported on and fastened to blocking.
Diaphragm boundary. In light-frame construction, a
location where shear is transferred into or out of the diaphragm sheathing. Transfer is either to a boundary element or to another force-resisting element.
Diaphragm chord. A diaphragm boundary element perpendicular to the applied load that is assumed to take axial
stresses due to the diaphragm moment.
Diaphragm, unblocked. A diaphragm that has edge nailing at supporting members only. Blocking between supporting structural members at panel edges is not included.
Diaphragm panels are field nailed to supporting members.
DIMENSIONS (for Chapter 21).
Nominal. The specified dimension plus an allowance for
the joints with which the units are to be laid. Nominal
dimensions are usually stated in whole numbers. Thickness is given first, followed by height and then length.
Specified. Dimensions specified for the manufacture or
construction of a unit, joint or element.
DIRECT ACCESS. A path of travel from a space to an
immediately adjacent space through an opening in the common wall between the two spaces.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
DOOR, LOW-ENERGY POWER-OPERATED. See “Lowenergy power-operated door.”
DOOR, POWER-ASSISTED. See “Power-assisted door.”
DOOR, POWER-OPERATED. See “Power-operated door.”
DOORWAY, EXIT ACCESS. See “Exit access doorway.”
DORMITORY. A space in a building where group sleeping
accommodations are provided in one room, or in a series of
closely associated rooms, for persons not members of the
same family group, under joint occupancy and single management, as in college dormitories or fraternity houses.
DRAFTSTOP. A material, device or construction installed
to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of concealed areas of building components such as crawl spaces,
floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies and attics.
[BS] DRAG STRUT. See “Collector.”
[BS] DRILLED SHAFT. A cast-in-place deep foundation
element, also referred to as caisson, drilled pier and bored
pile, constructed by drilling a hole (with or without permanent casing or drilling fluid) into soil or rock and filling it
with fluid concrete after the drilling equipment is removed.
Socketed drilled shaft. A drilled shaft with a permanent
pipe or tube casing that extends down to bedrock and an
uncased socket drilled into the bedrock.
[F] DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A
powder composed of small particles, usually of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, urea-potassium-based bicarbonate, potassium chloride or monoammonium phosphate,
with added particulate material supplemented by special
treatment to provide resistance to packing, resistance to moisture absorption (caking) and the proper flow capabilities.
[BS] DRY FLOODPROOFING. A combination of design
modifications that results in a building or structure, including
the attendant utilities and equipment and sanitary facilities,
being water tight with walls substantially impermeable to the
passage of water and with structural components having the
capacity to resist loads as identified in ASCE 7.
DWELLING. A building that contains one or two dwelling
units used, intended or designed to be used, rented, leased, let
or hired out to be occupied for living purposes.
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons, including
permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking
and sanitation.
DWELLING UNIT, EFFICIENCY. A dwelling unit where
all permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating and
cooking are contained in a single room.
DWELLING UNIT OR SLEEPING UNIT, MULTISTORY. See “Multistory unit.”
DWELLING UNIT OR SLEEPING UNIT, TYPE A.
Reserved.
31
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
DWELLING UNIT OR SLEEPING UNIT, TYPE B.
Reserved.
EGRESS COURT. A court or yard which provides access to
a public way for one or more exits.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE SYSTEM. A
specific construction of devices, materials, or coatings
installed as a fire-resistive barrier system applied to electrical
system components, such as cable trays, conduits and other
raceways, open run cables and conductors, cables, and conductors.
[F] ELEVATOR GROUP. A grouping of elevators in a
building located adjacent or directly across from one another
that responds to common hall call buttons.
ENGINEER. A Florida-registered engineer.
[BS] ENGINEERED WOOD RIM BOARD. A full-depth
structural composite lumber, wood structural panel, structural
glued laminated timber or prefabricated wood I-joist member
designed to transfer horizontal (shear) and vertical (compression) loads, provide attachment for diaphragm sheathing, siding and exterior deck ledgers, and provide lateral support at
the ends of floor or roof joists or rafters.
ENTRANCE, PUBLIC. See “Public entrance.”
ENTRANCE, RESTRICTED. See “Restricted entrance.”
ENTRANCE, SERVICE. See “Service entrance.”
[F] EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provide indication and warning of emergency situations involving hazardous materials.
EQUIPMENT PLATFORM. An unoccupied, elevated platform used exclusively for mechanical systems or industrial
process equipment, including the associated elevated walkways, stairways, alternating tread devices and ladders necessary to access the platform (see Section 505.3).
[F] EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved
location on the premises where signals from emergency equipment are received and which is staffed by trained personnel.
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES. Buildings and other structures
that are intended to remain operational in the event of
extreme environmental loading from flood, wind or tornado.
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An
operable exterior window, door or other similar device that
provides for a means of escape and access for rescue in the
event of an emergency.
[F] EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. An appliance or piece of
equipment that consists of a top, a back and two sides providing a means of local exhaust for capturing gases, fumes, vapors
and mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust
fume hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to
locally retain and exhaust the gases, fumes, vapors and mists
that could be released. Rooms or areas provided with general
ventilation, in themselves, are not exhausted enclosures.
[F] EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and
evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the
occupants of a building.
[F] EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. A source of automatic electric power of a required capacity and duration to
operate required life safety, fire alarm, detection and ventilation systems in the event of a failure of the primary power.
Emergency power systems are required for electrical loads
where interruption of the primary power could result in loss
of human life or serious injuries.
EMITTANCE. The ratio of radiant heat flux emitted by a
specimen to that emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature and under the same conditions.
EMPLOYEE WORK AREA. See the Florida Building
Code, Accessibility.
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.
Local enforcement agency. An agency of local government, a local school board, a community college board of
trustees, or a university board of trustees in the State University System with jurisdiction to make inspections of
buildings and to enforce the codes which establish standards for design, construction, erection, alteration, repair,
modification, or demolition of public or private buildings,
structures, or facilities.
State enforcement agency. The agency of state government with authority to make inspections of buildings and
to enforce the codes, as required by Chapter 553, Florida
Statutes, which establish standards for design, construction, erection, alteration, repair, modification, or demolition of public or private buildings, structures, or facilities.
32
EXISTING BUILDING. A building erected prior to the date
of adoption of the appropriate code, or one for which a legal
building permit has been issued.
[BS] EXISTING STRUCTURE. A structure erected prior to
the date of adoption of the appropriate code, or one for which
a legal building permit has been issued.
EXIT. That portion of a means of egress system between the
exit access and the exit discharge or public way. Exit components include exterior exit doors at the level of exit discharge,
interior exit stairways and ramps, exit passageways, exterior
exit stairways and ramps and horizontal exits.
EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress system
that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit.
EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY. A door or access point along
the path of egress travel from an occupied room, area or space
where the path of egress enters an intervening room, corridor, exit access stairway or ramp.
EXIT ACCESS RAMP. A ramp within the exit access portion of the means of egress system.
EXIT ACCESS STAIRWAY. A stairway with the exit
access portion of the means of egress system.
EXIT DISCHARGE. That portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The story at the point at
which an exit terminates and an exit discharge begins.
EXIT, HORIZONTAL. See “Horizontal exit.”
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated
from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fireresistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel in a horizontal
direction to an exit or to the exit discharge.
EXPANDED VINYL WALL COVERING. Wall covering
consisting of a woven textile backing, an expanded vinyl base
coat layer and a nonexpanded vinyl skin coat. The expanded
base coat layer is a homogeneous vinyl layer that contains a
blowing agent. During processing, the blowing agent decomposes, causing this layer to expand by forming closed cells.
The total thickness of the wall covering is approximately
0.055 inch to 0.070 inch (1.4 mm to 1.78 mm).
[F] EXPLOSION. An effect produced by the sudden violent
expansion of gases, which may be accompanied by a shock
wave or disruption, or both, of enclosing materials or structures. An explosion could result from any of the following:
1. Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, deflagration
or detonation, decomposition of molecules and runaway polymerization (usually detonations).
2. Physical changes such as pressure tank ruptures.
3. Atomic changes (nuclear fission or fusion).
[F] EXPLOSIVE. A chemical compound, mixture or device,
the primary or common purpose of which is to function by
explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, dynamite,
black powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses, squibs, detonating cord, igniter cord, igniters and display fireworks, 1.3G.
The term “explosive” includes any material determined to
be within the scope of USC Title 18: Chapter 40 and also
includes any material classified as an explosive other than
consumer fireworks, 1.4G by the hazardous materials regulations of DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.
High explosive. Explosive material, such as dynamite,
which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test
blasting cap when unconfined.
Low explosive. Explosive material that will burn or deflagrate when ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction
that is less than the speed of sound. Examples of low
explosives include, but are not limited to, black powder;
safety fuse; igniters; igniter cord; fuse lighters; fireworks,
1.3G and propellants, 1.3C.
Mass-detonating explosives. Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5
explosives alone or in combination, or loaded into various
types of ammunition or containers, most of which can be
expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a
small portion is subjected to fire, severe concussion,
impact, the impulse of an initiating agent or the effect of a
considerable discharge of energy from without. Materials
that react in this manner represent a mass explosion hazard. Such an explosive will normally cause severe structural damage to adjacent objects. Explosive propagation
could occur immediately to other items of ammunition and
explosives stored sufficiently close to and not adequately
protected from the initially exploding pile with a time
interval short enough so that two or more quantities must
be considered as one for quantity-distance purposes.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
UN/DOTn Class 1 explosives. The former classification
system used by DOTn included the terms “high” and
“low” explosives as defined herein. The following terms
further define explosives under the current system applied
by DOTn for all explosive materials defined as hazard
Class 1 materials. Compatibility group letters are used in
concert with the division to specify further limitations on
each division noted (i.e., the letter G identifies the material
as a pyrotechnic substance or article containing a pyrotechnic substance and similar materials).
Division 1.1. Explosives that have a mass explosion
hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost
the entire load instantaneously.
Division 1.2. Explosives that have a projection hazard
but not a mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.3. Explosives that have a fire hazard and
either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard
or both, but not a mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.4. Explosives that pose a minor explosion
hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to
the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire
must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of
almost the entire contents of the package.
Division 1.5. Very insensitive explosives. This division
is comprised of substances that have a mass explosion
hazard, but that are so insensitive there is very little
probability of initiation or of transition from burning to
detonation under normal conditions of transport.
Division 1.6. Extremely insensitive articles which do not
have a mass explosion hazard. This division is comprised of articles that contain only extremely insensitive
detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
EXTERIOR ELEVATED FLOORING SYSTEM. An
assembly installed over a roof assembly or other exterior supporting structure consisting of a walking surface of pedestrian
deck panels or pavers mounted on pedestals using other
accessory components, mechanical fasteners or adhesives as
required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions for
attaching pedestrian deck panels or pavers to pedestals and
other accessory components. Exterior elevated flooring systems may have pedestals attached to the roof or other supporting structure or pedestals installed independently of the
roof or supporting structure with the restraint of the pavers at
the perimeter and discontinuous edges. Exterior elevated
flooring systems are not part of the roof assembly.
Attached systems. Attached systems are those where pedestals are attached to the roof or other supporting structure
by mechanical fasteners, adhesives or both.
Independent systems. Independent systems are those
where pedestals are not attached to the roof but rest on the
roof or other supporting structure.
EXTERIOR EXIT RAMP. An exit component that serves
to meet one or more means of egress design requirements,
such as required number of exits or exit access travel distance, and is open to yards, courts or public ways.
33
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
EXTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY. An exit component that
serves to meet one or more means of egress design requirements, such as required number of exits or exit access travel
distance, and is open to yards, courts or public ways.
EXTERIOR INSULATION AND FINISH SYSTEMS
(EIFS). EIFS are nonstructural, nonload-bearing, exterior
wall cladding systems that consist of an insulation board
attached either adhesively or mechanically, or both, to the
substrate; an integrally reinforced base coat and a textured
protective finish coat.
EXTERIOR INSULATION AND FINISH SYSTEMS
(EIFS) WITH DRAINAGE. An EIFS that incorporates a
means of drainage applied over a water-resistive barrier.
EXTERIOR SURFACES. Weather-exposed surfaces.
EXTERIOR WALL. A wall, bearing or nonbearing, that is
used as an enclosing wall for a building, other than a fire
wall, and that has a slope of 60 degrees (1.05 rad) or greater
with the horizontal plane.
EXTERIOR WALL COVERING. A material or assembly
of materials applied on the exterior side of exterior walls for
the purpose of providing a weather-resisting barrier, insulation or for aesthetics, including but not limited to, veneers,
siding, exterior insulation and finish systems, architectural
trim and embellishments such as cornices, soffits, fascias,
gutters and leaders.
EXTERIOR WALL ENVELOPE. A system or assembly of
exterior wall components, including exterior wall finish
materials, that provides protection of the building structural
members, including framing and sheathing materials, and
conditioned interior space, from the detrimental effects of the
exterior environment.
F RATING. The time period that the through-penetration
firestop system limits the spread of fire through the penetration when tested in accordance with ASTM E814 or UL
1479.
FABRIC PARTITION. A partition consisting of a finished
surface made of fabric, without a continuous rigid backing,
that is directly attached to a framing system in which the vertical framing members are spaced greater than 4 feet (1219
mm) on center.
[BS] FABRICATED ITEM. Structural, load-bearing or lateral load-resisting members of assemblies consisting of materials assembled prior to installation in a building or structure,
or subjected to operations such as heat treatment, thermal cutting, cold working or reforming after manufacture and prior
to installation in a building or structure. Materials produced
in accordance with standards referenced by this code, such as
rolled structural steel shapes, steel reinforcing bars, masonry
units and wood structural panels, or in accordance with a referenced standard that provides requirements for quality control done under the supervision of a third-party quality
control agency, are not “fabricated items.”
[F] FABRICATION AREA. An area within a semiconductor fabrication facility and related research and development
areas in which there are processes using hazardous production materials. Such areas are allowed to include ancillary
34
rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are
directly related to the fabrication area processes.
[A] FACILITY. All or any portion of buildings, structures,
site improvements, elements and pedestrian or vehicular
routes located on a site.
[BS] FACTORED LOAD. The product of a nominal load
and a load factor.
FAMILY MAUSOLEUM. A mausoleum for the private use
of a family or group of family members.
FENESTRATION. Products classified as either vertical fenestration or skylights and sloped glazing, installed in such a
manner as to preserve the weather-resistant barrier of the wall
or roof in which they are installed. Fenestration includes
products with glass or other transparent or translucent materials.
FENESTRATION, VERTICAL. Windows that are fixed or
movable, opaque doors, glazed doors, glazed block and combination opaque and glazed doors installed in a wall at less
than 15 degrees from vertical.
[BS] FIBER-CEMENT (BACKER BOARD, SIDING,
SOFFIT, TRIM AND UNDERLAYMENT) PRODUCTS. Manufactured thin section composites of hydraulic
cementitious matrices and discrete nonasbestos fibers.
FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER. A polymeric composite material consisting of reinforcement fibers, such as glass,
impregnated with a fiber-binding polymer which is then
molded and hardened. Fiber-reinforced polymers are permitted to contain cores laminated between fiber-reinforced polymer facings.
[BS] FIBERBOARD. A fibrous, homogeneous panel made
from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood or cane) and having
a density of less than 31 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (497 kg/
m3) but more than 10 pcf (160 kg/m3).
[BS] FIELD NAILING. See “Nailing, field.”
FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See “Manual fire alarm
box.”
[F] FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire
alarm devices and may be capable of supplying power to
detection devices and transponders or off-premises transmitters. The control unit may be capable of providing a transfer
of power to the notification appliances and transfer of condition to relays or devices.
[F] FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire
alarm-initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box,
automatic fire detector, waterflow switch or other device
whose activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire
signature.
[F] FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combination system consisting of components and circuits
arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or
supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals.
FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and
bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horiFLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
zontal assemblies of a building. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the fire area
if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of
the roof or floor next above.
FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of
materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.
[F] FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or
unattended location where the status of detection, alarm communications and control systems is displayed, and from
which the systems can be manually controlled.
FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air
transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detection of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are
classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic systems
that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire damper
is tested and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.
[F] FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed
to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.
FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.
FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door,
frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a
specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY, FLOOR. See “Floor fire door
assembly.”
FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is listed
for use on fire door assemblies.
[F] FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to
allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not necessarily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus.
FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials
designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are
protected.
FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an
opening protective will maintain the ability to confine a fire
as determined by tests specified in Section 716. Ratings are
stated in hours or minutes.
[F] FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices,
equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to
detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire,
control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thereof.
FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or their
assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive
heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use.
[F] FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fire control
functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety
for occupants or to control the spread of harmful effects of
fire.
FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance measured
from the building face to one of the following:
1. The closest interior lot line.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
2. To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way.
3. To an imaginary line between two buildings on the lot.
The distance shall be measured at right angles from the face
of the wall.
FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having protected
openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof, with
sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow
collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the
wall.
FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY. A window constructed and
glazed to give protection against the passage of fire.
FIREBLOCKING. Building materials, or materials
approved for use as fireblocking, installed to resist the free
passage of flame to other areas of the building through concealed spaces.
[M] FIREPLACE. A hearth and fire chamber or similar prepared place in which a fire may be made and which is built in
conjunction with a chimney.
FIREPLACE THROAT. The opening between the top of
the firebox and the smoke chamber.
FIRE-RATED GLAZING. Glazing with either a fire protection rating or a fire-resistance rating.
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to
confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based
on tests, prescribed in Section 703.
FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. An assemblage of
specific materials or products that are designed, tested and
fire-resistance rated in accordance with either ASTM E1966
or UL 2079 to resist for a prescribed period of time the passage of fire through joints made in or between fire-resistancerated assemblies.
FIRESTOP, MEMBRANE-PENETRATION. See “Membrane-penetration firestop.”
FIRESTOP, PENETRATION. See “Penetration firestop.”
FIRESTOP SYSTEM, THROUGH-PENETRATION.
See “Through-penetration firestop system.”
[F] FIREWORKS. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a visible or audible effect for entertainment
purposes by combustion, deflagration or detonation that
meets the definition of 1.4G fireworks or 1.3G fireworks.
Fireworks, 1.3G. Large fireworks devices, which are
explosive materials, intended for use in fireworks displays
and designed to produce audible or visible effects by combustion, deflagration or detonation. Such 1.3G fireworks
include, but are not limited to, firecrackers containing
more than 130 milligrams (2 grains) of explosive composition, aerial shells containing more than 40 grams of pyrotechnic composition, and other display pieces which
exceed the limits for classification as 1.4G fireworks. Such
1.3G fireworks are also described as fireworks, UN0335
by the DOTn.
35
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
Fireworks, 1.4G. Small fireworks devices containing
restricted amounts of pyrotechnic composition designed
primarily to produce visible or audible effects by combustion. Such 1.4G fireworks which comply with the construction, chemical composition and labeling regulations
of the DOTn for fireworks, UN0336, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in
CPSC 16 CFR: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not explosive
materials for the purpose of this code.
FIXED BASE OPERATOR (FBO). A commercial business granted the right by the airport sponsor to operate on an
airport and provide aeronautical services, such as fueling,
hangaring, tie-down and parking, aircraft rental, aircraft
maintenance and flight instruction.
FIXED SEATING. Furniture or fixture designed and
installed for the use of sitting and secured in place including
bench-type seats and seats with or without backs or arm rests.
FLAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a surface.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure,
expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual
measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723.
[F] FLAMMABLE GAS. A material that is a gas at 68°F
(20°C) or less at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere
(psia) (101 kPa) of pressure [a material that has a boiling
point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa)] which:
1. Is ignitable at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) when in a mixture of
13 percent or less by volume with air; or
2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) with air
of at least 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit.
The limits specified shall be determined at 14.7 psi (101
kPa) of pressure and a temperature of 68°F (20°C) in accordance with ASTM E681.
[F] FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. A liquefied compressed gas which, under a charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 68°F (20°C) and which is flammable.
has an ignition temperature below 212°F (100°C) or which
burns so vigorously and persistently when ignited as to create
a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered a flammable
solid as determined in accordance with the test method of
CPSC 16 CFR; Part 1500.44, if it ignites and burns with a
self-sustained flame at a rate greater than 0.1 inch (2.5 mm)
per second along its major axis.
[F] FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. The concentration of flammable constituents in air that exceeds 25 percent
of their lower flammable limit (LFL).
[F] FLASH POINT. The minimum temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to
form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the
container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of
a liquid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and
apparatus as specified in ASTM D56, ASTM D93 or ASTM
D3278.
FLIGHT. A continuous run of rectangular treads, winders or
combination thereof from one landing to another.
FLOATING RESIDENTIAL UNIT. A structure primarily
designed or constructed as a living unit, built on a floating
base, which is not designed primarily as a vessel, is not selfpropelled although it may be towed about from place to place,
and is primarily intended to be anchored or otherwise moored
in a fixed location.
[BS] FLOOD or FLOODING. A general and temporary
condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry
land from:
1. The overflow of inland or tidal waters.
2. The unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source.
[BS] FLOOD DAMAGE-RESISTANT MATERIALS.
Any construction material capable of withstanding direct and
prolonged contact with floodwaters without sustaining any
damage that requires more than cosmetic repair.
FLOOD, DESIGN. See “Design flood.”
[F] FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup
flash point below 100°F (38°C). Flammable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The
Class I category is subdivided as follows:
FLOOD ELEVATION, DESIGN. See “Design flood elevation.”
Class IA. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C)
and a boiling point below 100°F (38°C).
1. The area within a flood plain subject to a 1-percent or
greater chance of flooding in any year.
Class IB. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C)
and a boiling point at or above 100°F (38°C).
2. The area designated as a flood hazard area on a community’s flood hazard map, or otherwise legally designated.
FLOOD HAZARD AREAS, SPECIAL. See “Special flood
hazard area.”
Class IC. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73°F
(23°C) and below 100°F (38°C). The category of flammable liquids does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids.
[F] FLAMMABLE MATERIAL. A material capable of
being readily ignited from common sources of heat or at a
temperature of 600°F (316°C) or less.
[F] FLAMMABLE SOLID. A solid, other than a blasting
agent or explosive, that is capable of causing fire through friction, absorption or moisture, spontaneous chemical change,
or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which
36
[BS] FLOOD HAZARD AREA. The greater of the following two areas:
[BS] FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM). An official map of a community on which the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) has delineated both the special flood hazard areas and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.
[BS] FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY. The official report
provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
containing the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), the Flood
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
Boundary and Floodway Map (FBFM), the water surface elevation of the base flood and supporting technical data.
[BS] FLOODWAY. The channel of the river, creek or other
watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved
in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively
increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated
height.
FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside
perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration, exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without deduction
for corridors, stairways, ramps, closets, the thickness of interior walls, columns or other features. The floor area of a
building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding
exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal
projection of the roof or floor above. The gross floor area
shall not include shafts with no openings or interior courts.
GARDEN MAUSOLEUM. A mausoleum for the public
built without heat or air conditioning but may contain an
open-air committal area.
[F] GAS CABINET. A fully enclosed, ventilated noncombustible enclosure used to provide an isolated environment
for compressed gas cylinders in storage or use. Doors and
access ports for exchanging cylinders and accessing pressureregulating controls are allowed to be included.
[F] GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. A system or portion of a
combination system that utilizes one or more stationary sensors to detect the presence of a specified gas at a specified
concentration and initiate one or more responses required by
this code, such as notifying a responsible person, activating
an alarm signal, or activating or deactivating equipment. A
self-contained gas detection and alarm device is not classified
as a gas detection system.
FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways,
ramps, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.
[F] GAS ROOM. A separately ventilated, fully enclosed
room in which only compressed gases and associated equipment and supplies are stored or used.
FLOOR FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. A combination of a
fire door, a frame, hardware and other accessories installed in
a horizontal plane, which together provide a specific degree
of fire protection to a through-opening in a fire-resistancerated floor (see Section 712.1.13.1).
[F] GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. An assembly of
piping, devices and apparatus designed to generate, store,
contain, distribute or transport a nontoxic, gaseous hydrogencontaining mixture having not less than 95-percent hydrogen
gas by volume and not more than 1-percent oxygen by volume. Gaseous hydrogen systems consist of items such as
compressed gas containers, reactors and appurtenances,
including pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, manifolds, pumps, compressors and interconnecting piping and
tubing and controls.
[F] FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A special system discharging a foam made from concentrates, either
mechanically or chemically, over the area to be protected.
FOAM PLASTIC INSULATION. A plastic that is intentionally expanded by the use of a foaming agent to produce a
reduced-density plastic containing voids consisting of open
or closed cells distributed throughout the plastic for thermal
insulating or acoustical purposes and that has a density less
than 20 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (320 kg/m3).
FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered seating
having an overall shape and size that is capable of being
reduced for purposes of moving or storing and is not a building element.
FOOD COURT. A public seating area located in the mall
that serves adjacent food preparation tenant spaces.
FOSTER CARE FACILITIES. Facilities that provide care
to more than five children, 21/2 years of age or less.
[BS] FOUNDATION PIER (for Chapter 21). An isolated
vertical foundation member whose horizontal dimension
measured at right angles to its thickness does not exceed three
times its thickness and whose height is equal to or less than
four times its thickness.
FRAME STRUCTURE. A building or other structure in
which vertical loads from floors and roofs are primarily supported by columns.
GABLE. The triangular portion of a wall beneath the end of a
dual-slope, pitched, or mono-slope roof or portion thereof
and above the top plates of the story or level of the ceiling
below.
GARAGE DOOR MANUFACTURER. The party responsible for the completed assembly of the garage door components.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
GLASS FIBERBOARD. Fibrous glass roof insulation consisting of inorganic glass fibers formed into rigid boards
using a binder. The board has a top surface faced with asphalt
and kraft reinforced with glass fiber.
GLASS MAT GYPSUM PANEL. A gypsum panel consisting of a noncombustible core primarily of gypsum, surfaced
with glass mat partially or completely embedded in the core.
[BS] GRADE (LUMBER). The classification of lumber in
regard to strength and utility in accordance with American
Softwood Lumber Standard DOC PS 20 and the grading rules
of an approved lumber rules-writing agency.
GRADE PLANE. A reference plane representing the average of finished ground level adjoining the building at exterior
walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the
exterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by the
lowest points within the area between the building and the lot
line or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) from
the building, between the building and a point 6 feet (1829
mm) from the building.
GRADE PLANE, STORY ABOVE. See “Story above grade
plane.”
GRANDSTAND. Tiered seating supported on a dedicated
structural system and two or more rows high and is not a
building element (see “Bleachers”).
GROSS LEASABLE AREA. The total floor area designed
for tenant occupancy and exclusive use. The area of tenant
occupancy is measured from the centerlines of joint partitions
37
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
to the outside of the tenant walls. All tenant areas, including
areas used for storage, shall be included in calculating gross
leasable area.
GROUP HOME. A facility for social rehabilitation, substance abuse or mental health problems that contains a group
housing arrangement that provides custodial care but does
not provide medical care.
GUARD. A building component or a system of building
components located at or near the open sides of elevated
walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall from
the walking surface to a lower level.
GUEST ROOM. A room used or intended to be used by one
or more guests for living or sleeping purposes.
GYPSUM BOARD. The generic name for a family of sheet
products consisting of a noncombustible core primarily of
gypsum with paper surfacing.
[BS] GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCT. The general name for
a family of sheet products consisting essentially of gypsum
complying with the standards specified in Tables 2506.2 and
2507.2, and Chapter 35. Gypsum board and glass mat gypsum panels are examples of gypsum panel products.
[BS] GYPSUM PLASTER. A mixture of calcined gypsum
or calcined gypsum and lime and aggregate and other
approved materials as specified in this code.
GYPSUM SHEATHING. Gypsum panel products specifically manufactured with enhanced water resistance for use as
a substrate for exterior surface materials.
[BS] GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER. Gypsum plaster
applied to an approved base in one or more coats normally
not exceeding 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in total thickness.
GYPSUM WALLBOARD. A gypsum board used primarily
as an interior surfacing for building structures.
fied in Section 307 and the Florida Fire Prevention Code,
whether the materials are in usable or waste condition.
[F] HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM).
A solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability or instability of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA 704
and which is used directly in research, laboratory or production processes which have as their end product materials that
are not hazardous.
[BS] HEAD JOINT. Vertical mortar joint placed between
masonry units within the wythe at the time the masonry units
are laid.
[F] HEALTH HAZARD. A classification of a chemical for
which there is statistically significant evidence that acute or
chronic health effects are capable of occurring in exposed
persons. The term “health hazard” includes chemicals that are
toxic or highly toxic, and corrosive.
HEAT DETECTOR. See “Detector, heat.”
HEIGHT, BUILDING. The vertical distance from grade
plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.
HEIGHT, THRESHOLD BUILDING. The height of the
building is at the mean distance between the eaves and the
ridge of the roofing structure. If the distance from grade to the
line which is the mean distance between the eaves and the
ridge of the roofing structure is more than 50 feet (16 240
mm), the building is to be considered a “threshold building”
within the contemplation of the Threshold Building Act.
HELICAL PILE. Manufactured steel deep foundation element consisting of a central shaft and one or more helical
bearing plates. A helical pile is installed by rotating it into the
ground. Each helical bearing plate is formed into a screw
thread with a uniform defined pitch.
HELIPAD. A structural surface that is used for the landing,
taking off, taxiing and parking of helicopters.
HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living,
sleeping, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet rooms, closets,
halls, screen enclosures, sunroom Categories I, II, III and IV
as defined in Section 2002.6, storage or utility spaces and
similar areas are not considered habitable spaces.
HELIPORT. An area of land or water or a structural surface
that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking off
of helicopters, and any appurtenant areas that are used, or
intended for use, for heliport buildings or other heliport facilities.
[F] HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A
fire-extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an element from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine,
bromine and iodine.
HELISTOP. The same as “heliport,” except that no fueling,
defueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is
permitted.
[F] HANDLING. The deliberate transport by any means to a
point of storage or use.
HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for grasping by the hand for guidance or support.
HARDBOARD. A fibrous-felted, homogeneous panel made
from lignocellulosic fibers consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press to a density not less than 31 pcf (497 kg/
m3).
HARDWARE. See “Fire exit hardware” and “Panic hardware.”
[F] HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Those chemicals or substances that are physical hazards or health hazards as classi38
HIGH-PRESSURE DECORATIVE EXTERIOR-GRADE
COMPACT LAMINATE (HPL). Panels consisting of layers
of cellulose fibrous material impregnated with thermosetting
resins and bonded together by a high-pressure process to
form a homogeneous nonporous core suitable for exterior
use.
HIGH-PRESSURE DECORATIVE EXTERIOR-GRADE
COMPACT LAMINATE (HPL) SYSTEM. An exterior
wall covering fabricated using HPL in a specific assembly
including joints, seams, attachments, substrate, framing and
other details as appropriate to a particular design.
HIGH-RISE BUILDING. A building with an occupied floor
located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level
of fire department vehicle access.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
HIGH VELOCITY HURRICANE ZONE. This zone consists of Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
2. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands and American Samoa.
[F] HIGHLY TOXIC. A material which produces a lethal
dose or lethal concentration that falls within any of the following categories:
[F] HYDROGEN FUEL GAS ROOM. A room or space
that is intended exclusively to house a gaseous hydrogen system.
1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50
milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when
administered orally to albino rats weighing between
200 and 300 grams each.
[BS] ICE-SENSITIVE STRUCTURE. A structure for
which the effect of an atmospheric ice load governs the
design of a structure or portion thereof. This includes, but is
not limited to, lattice structures, guyed masts, overhead lines,
light suspension and cable-stayed bridges, aerial cable systems (e.g., for ski lifts or logging operations), amusement
rides, open catwalks and platforms, flagpoles and signs.
2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200
milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when
administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less
if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of
albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration
(LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less
of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist,
fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to
albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such
as water, might not warrant classification as highly toxic.
While this system is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation that is required for the precise categorization
of this type of material shall be performed by experienced,
technically competent persons.
[A] HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Buildings that are listed in or
eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places,
or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local
law (see Chapter 12 of the Florida Building Code, Existing
Building).
HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. A fire-resistance-rated floor
or roof assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread
of fire in which continuity is maintained.
HORIZONTAL EXIT. An exit component consisting of fireresistance-rated construction and opening protectives intended
to compartmentalize portions of a building or another building
thereby creating refuge areas that afford safety from the fire
and smoke from the area of fire origin.
HOSPITALS AND PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS. Facilities that provide care or treatment for the medical, psychiatric, obstetrical, or surgical treatment of care recipients who
are incapable of self-preservation.
HOUSING UNIT. A dormitory or a group of cells with a
common dayroom in Group I-3.
[F] HPM. See “Hazardous Production Material.”
[F] HPM ROOM. A room used in conjunction with or serving a Group H-5 occupancy, where HPM is stored or used
and which is classified as a Group H-2, H-3 or H-4 occupancy.
[BS] HURRICANE-PRONE REGIONS. Areas vulnerable
to hurricanes defined as:
1. The U. S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coasts
where the ultimate design wind speed, Vult, for Risk Category II buildings is greater than 115 mph (51.4 m/s);
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[F] IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND
HEALTH (IDLH). The concentration of airborne contaminants which poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed
permanent adverse health effects, or effects that could prevent escape from such an environment. This contaminant
concentration level is established by the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and flammability. It generally is expressed in parts per
million by volume (ppmv/v) or milligrams per cubic meter
(mg/m3). If adequate data do not exist for precise establishment of IDLH concentrations, an independent certified industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist, appropriate regulatory
agency or other source approved by the building official shall
make such determination.
[BS] IMPACT LOAD. The load resulting from moving
machinery, elevators, craneways, vehicles and other similar
forces and kinetic loads, pressure and possible surcharge
from fixed or moving loads.
INCAPABLE OF SELF-PRESERVATION. Persons who,
because of age, physical limitations, mental limitations,
chemical dependency or medical treatment, cannot respond
as an individual to an emergency situation.
[F] INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, when
mixed, have the potential to react in a manner that generates
heat, fumes, gases or byproducts which are hazardous to life
or property.
INDIVIDUAL TRUSS MEMBER. A truss chord or truss
web.
[F] INERT GAS. A gas that is capable of reacting with other
materials only under abnormal conditions such as high temperatures, pressures and similar extrinsic physical forces.
Within the context of the code, inert gases do not exhibit
either physical or health hazard properties as defined (other
than acting as a simple asphyxiant) or hazard properties other
than those of a compressed gas. Some of the more common
inert gases include argon, helium, krypton, neon, nitrogen
and xenon.
[F] INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a
smoke detector, manual fire alarm box or supervisory switch.
INSULATING SHEATHING. A rigid panel or board insulation material having a thermal resistance of not less than R-2 of
the core material with properties suitable for use on walls,
floors, roofs or foundations.
39
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
INTENDED TO BE OCCUPIED AS A RESIDENCE.
This refers to a dwelling unit or sleeping unit that can or will
be used all or part of the time as the occupant’s place of
abode.
INTERIOR EXIT RAMP. An exit component that serves to
meet one or more means of egress design requirements, such
as required number of exits or exit access travel distance, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel to the exit discharge or public way.
[A] LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which
has been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying
mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, approved
agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of
the above-labeled items and whose labeling indicates either
that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified
purpose.
INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY. An exit component that
serves to meet one or more means of egress design requirements, such as required number of exits or exit access travel
distance, and provides for a protected path of egress travel to
the exit discharge or public way.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT. A Florida-registered landscape architect.
INTERIOR FINISH. Interior finish includes interior wall
and ceiling finish and interior floor finish.
INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH. The exposed floor surfaces
of buildings including coverings applied over a finished floor
or stair, including risers.
INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE. Interior floor finish
trim used to provide a functional or decorative border at the
intersection of walls and floors.
INTERIOR SURFACES. Surfaces other than weather
exposed surfaces.
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. The exposed
interior surfaces of buildings, including but not limited to:
fixed or movable walls and partitions; toilet room privacy
partitions; columns; ceilings; and interior wainscoting, paneling or other finish applied structurally or for decoration,
acoustical correction, surface insulation, structural fire resistance or similar purposes, but not including trim.
[BS] INTERLAYMENT. A layer of felt or nonbituminous
saturated felt not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide, shingled
between each course of a wood-shake roof covering.
INTUMESCENT FIRE-RESISTIVE MATERIAL. Liquid
mixture applied to substrates by brush, roller, spray or trowel
which expands into a protective foamed layer to provide fireresistive protection of the substrates when exposed to flame
or intense heat.
[BS] JOINT. The opening in or between adjacent assemblies
that is created due to building tolerances, or is designed to
allow independent movement of the building in any plane
caused by thermal, wind or any other loading.
[A] JURISDICTION. The governmental unit that has
adopted this code under due legislative authority.
L RATING. The air leakage rating of a through penetration
firestop system or a fire-resistant joint system when tested in
accordance with UL 1479 or UL 2079, respectively.
[A] LABEL. An identification applied on a product by the
manufacturer that contains the name of the manufacturer, the
function and performance characteristics of the product or
material and the name and identification of an approved
agency, and that indicates that the representative sample of
the product or material has been tested and evaluated by an
approved agency (see Section 1703.5, “Manufacturer’s designation” and “Mark”).
40
LEVEL OF EXIT DISCHARGE. See “Exit discharge,
level of.”
LIGHT-DIFFUSING SYSTEM. Construction consisting in
whole or in part of lenses, panels, grids or baffles made with
light-transmitting plastics positioned below independently
mounted electrical light sources, skylights or light-transmitting plastic roof panels. Lenses, panels, grids and baffles that
are part of an electrical fixture shall not be considered as a
light-diffusing system.
LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION. Construction whose
vertical and horizontal structural elements are primarily
formed by a system of repetitive wood or cold-formed steel
framing members.
LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTIC ROOF PANELS.
Structural plastic panels other than skylights that are fastened
to structural members, or panels or sheathing and that are
used as light-transmitting media in the plane of the roof.
LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTIC WALL PANELS.
Plastic materials that are fastened to structural members, or to
structural panels or sheathing, and that are used as light-transmitting media in exterior walls.
[BS] LIMIT OF MODERATE WAVE ACTION. Line
shown on FIRMs to indicate the inland limit of the 11/2-foot
(457 mm) breaking wave height during the base flood.
[BS] LIMIT STATE. A condition beyond which a structure
or member becomes unfit for service and is judged to be no
longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit
state) or to be unsafe (strength limit state).
[F] LIQUID. A material that has a melting point that is equal
to or less than 68°F (20°C) and a boiling point that is greater
than 68°F (20°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute
(psia) (101 kPa). When not otherwise identified, the term
“liquid” includes both flammable and combustible liquids.
[F] LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a
Group H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammable or
combustible liquids in a closed condition.
[F] LIQUID USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM.
A room in which Class I, II and IIIA flammable or combustible liquids are used, dispensed or mixed in open containers.
[A] LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services
included in a list published by an organization acceptable to
the building official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of
services and whose listing states either that the equipment,
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
material, product or service meets identified standards or has
been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
will occur in the presence of an ignition source. The LFL is
sometimes referred to as “LEL” or “lower explosive limit.”
[BS] LIVE LOAD. A load produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure that does not include
construction or environmental loads such as wind load, rain
load, flood load or dead load.
[BS] LOWEST FLOOR. The lowest floor of the lowest
enclosed area, including basement, but excluding any unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for vehicle
parking, building access or limited storage provided that such
enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation
of Section 1612.
[BS] LIVE LOAD, ROOF. A load on a roof produced:
1. During maintenance by workers, equipment and materials; or
2. During the life of the structure by movable objects such
as planters or other similar small decorative appurtenances that are not occupancy related.
LIVE/WORK UNIT. A dwelling unit or sleeping unit in
which a significant portion of the space includes a nonresidential use that is operated by the tenant.
[BS] LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN
(LRFD). A method of proportioning structural members and
their connections using load and resistance factors such that
no applicable limit state is reached when the structure is subjected to appropriate load combinations. The term “LRFD” is
used in the design of steel and wood structures.
[BS] LOAD EFFECTS. Forces and deformations produced
in structural members by the applied loads.
[BS] LOAD FACTOR. A factor that accounts for deviations
of the actual load from the nominal load, for uncertainties in
the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect, and for
the probability that more than one extreme load will occur
simultaneously.
[BS] LOADS. Forces or other actions that result from the
weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions,
environmental effects, differential movement and restrained
dimensional changes. Permanent loads are those loads in
which variations over time are rare or of small magnitude,
such as dead loads. All other loads are variable loads (see
“Nominal loads”).
LOCAL FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE. An ordinance or regulation adopted pursuant to the
requirements in Title 44 Code of Federal Regulations, Parts
59 and 60 for participation in the National Flood Insurance
Program.
LODGING HOUSE. A one-family dwelling where one or
more occupants are primarily permanent in nature and rent is
paid for guest rooms.
[A] LOT. A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit.
[A] LOT LINE. A line dividing one lot from another, or
from a street or any public place.
LOW-ENERGY POWER-OPERATED DOOR. A swinging, sliding or folding door that opens automatically upon an
action by a pedestrian such as pressing a push plate or waving
a hand in front of a sensor. The door closes automatically,
and operates with decreased forces and decreased speeds (see
“Power-assisted door” and “Power-operated door”).
[F] LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The minimum
concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[BS] MAIN WINDFORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM. An
assemblage of structural elements assigned to provide support and stability for the overall structure. The system generally receives wind loading from more than one surface.
MALL BUILDING, COVERED and MALL BUILDING,
OPEN. See “Covered mall building.”
MANUAL BOLT. Door-locking hardware operable from
one side of the door, or from the edge of a door leaf, with a
bolt or rod extended and retracted by manual movement of
the bolt or rod, such as a manual flush bolt or manual surface
bolt (see AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLT, CONSTANT
LATCHING BOLT, DEAD BOLT).
[F] MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. A manually operated
device used to initiate an alarm signal.
[A] MANUFACTURER’S DESIGNATION. An identification applied on a product by the manufacturer indicating that
a product or material complies with a specified standard or
set of rules (see “Label” and “Mark”).
[A] MARK. An identification applied on a product by the
manufacturer indicating the name of the manufacturer and the
function of a product or material (see “Label” and “Manufacturer’s designation”).
MARQUEE. A canopy that has a top surface which is sloped
less than 25 degrees from the horizontal and is located less
than 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings above or
adjacent to the level of the marquee.
[BS] MASONRY. A built-up construction or combination of
building units or materials of clay, shale, concrete, glass, gypsum, stone or other approved units bonded together with or
without mortar or grout or other accepted methods of joining.
Glass unit masonry. Masonry composed of glass units
bonded by mortar.
Plain masonry. Masonry in which the tensile resistance of
the masonry is taken into consideration and the effects of
stresses in reinforcement are neglected.
Reinforced masonry. Masonry construction in which
reinforcement acting in conjunction with the masonry is
used to resist forces.
Solid masonry. Masonry consisting of solid masonry
units laid contiguously with the joints between the units
filled with mortar.
Unreinforced (plain) masonry. Masonry in which the
tensile resistance of masonry is taken into consideration
and the resistance of the reinforcing steel, if present, is
neglected.
41
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
[BS] MASONRY UNIT. Brick, tile, stone, glass block or
concrete block conforming to the requirements specified in
Section 2103.
Hollow. A masonry unit whose net cross-sectional area in
any plane parallel to the load-bearing surface is less than
75 percent of its gross cross-sectional area measured in
the same plane.
Solid. A masonry unit whose net cross-sectional area in
every plane parallel to the load-bearing surface is 75 percent or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in
the same plane.
MATERIAL CODE VIOLATION. A material code violation is a violation that exists within a completed building,
structure or facility which may reasonably result, or has
resulted, in physical harm to a person or significant damage
to the performance of a building or its systems.
MATERIAL VIOLATION. As defined in Florida Statutes.
a rigid framework to support a tensioned membrane which
provides the weather barrier.
MEMBRANE PENETRATION. A breach in one side of a
floor-ceiling, roof-ceiling or wall assembly to accommodate
an item installed into or passing through the breach.
MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A material,
device or construction installed to resist for a prescribed time
period the passage of flame and heat through openings in a
protective membrane in order to accommodate cables, cable
trays, conduit, tubing, pipes or similar items.
MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM.
An assemblage consisting of a fire-resistance-rated floor-ceiling, roof-ceiling or wall assembly, one or more penetrating
items installed into or passing through the breach in one side
of the assembly and the materials or devices, or both,
installed to resist the spread of fire into the assembly for a
prescribed period of time.
MAUSOLEUM. A permanent structure or building which is
substantially exposed above the ground and is intended for
the interment, entombment, or inurnment of human remains.
MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed path
of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied
portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of
egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit
access, the exit and the exit discharge.
MERCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area for
display of merchandise surrounded by aisles, permanent fixtures or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as
nonfixed and moveable fixtures, cases, racks, counters and
partitions from which customers browse or shop.
MEANS OF ESCAPE. As used in Section 1010.3.5, a way
out of a building or structure that does not conform to the
strict definition of means of egress but does provide an alternate way out. A means of escape consists of a door, stairway,
passage or hall providing a way of unobstructed travel to the
outside at street or ground level. It may also consist of a passage through an adjacent nonlockable space, independent of
and remotely located from the means of egress, to any
approved exit.
METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM) SYSTEM.
An exterior wall covering fabricated using MCM in a specific
assembly including joints, seams, attachments, substrate,
framing and other details as appropriate to a particular design.
[BG] MECHANICAL-ACCESS ENCLOSED PARKING
GARAGE. An enclosed parking garage that employs parking
machines, lifts, elevators or other mechanical devices for
vehicle moving from and to street level and in which public
occupancy in the garage is prohibited in all areas except the
vehicle access bay.
MECHANICAL-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES.
Open parking garages employing parking machines, lifts,
elevators or other mechanical devices for vehicles moving
from and to street level and in which public occupancy is prohibited above the street level.
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCREEN. A rooftop structure, not covered by a roof, used to aesthetically conceal
plumbing, electrical or mechanical equipment from view.
METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM). A factorymanufactured panel consisting of metal skins bonded to both
faces of a solid plastic core.
[BS] METAL ROOF PANEL. An interlocking metal sheet
having a minimum installed weather exposure of 3 square
feet (0.279 m2) per sheet.
[BS] METAL ROOF SHINGLE. An interlocking metal
sheet having an installed weather exposure less than 3 square
feet (0.279 m2) per sheet.
[RB] METAL ROOF PANEL, METAL ROOF SHINGLE MANUFACTURER. The party responsible that forms
raw material into metal roof panels and/or metal roof shingles
used in building construction.
MEZZANINE. An intermediate level or levels between the
floor and ceiling of any story and in accordance with Section
505.
[BS] MICROPILE. A micropile is a bored, grouted-in-place
deep foundation element that develops its load-carrying
capacity by means of a bond zone in soil, bedrock or a combination of soil and bedrock.
MEDICAL CARE. Care involving medical or surgical procedures, nursing or for psychiatric purposes.
MEMBRANE-COVERED CABLE STRUCTURE. A
nonpressurized structure in which a mast and cable system
provides support and tension to the membrane weather barrier and the membrane imparts stability to the structure.
MINERAL BOARD. A rigid felted thermal insulation board
consisting of either felted mineral fiber or cellular beads of
expanded aggregate formed into flat rectangular units.
MEMBRANE-COVERED FRAME STRUCTURE. A
nonpressurized building wherein the structure is composed of
MINERAL WOOL. Synthetic vitreous fiber insulation
made by melting predominately igneous rock or furnace slag,
42
MINERAL FIBER. Insulation composed principally of
fibers manufactured from rock, slag or glass, with or without
binders.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
and other inorganic materials, and then physically forming
the melt into fibers.
[BS] MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF COVERING. One or
more layers of polymer-modified asphalt sheets. The sheet
materials shall be fully adhered or mechanically attached to
the substrate or held in place with an approved ballast layer.
[BS] MORTAR. A mixture consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregates, water, with or without admixtures, that
is used to construct unit masonry assemblies.
[BS] MORTAR, SURFACE-BONDING. A mixture to
bond concrete masonry units that contains hydraulic cement,
glass fiber reinforcement with or without inorganic fillers or
organic modifiers and water.
MULTILEVEL ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating that is
arranged in distinct levels where each level is comprised of
either multiple rows, or a single row of box seats accessed
from a separate level.
[F] MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or
more single-station alarm devices that can be interconnected
such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible alarms to operate. A multiple-station alarm device can
consist of one single-station alarm device having connections
to other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box.
[F] MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or
more single-station alarm devices that are capable of interconnection such that actuation of one causes the appropriate
alarm signal to operate in all interconnected alarms.
MULTISTORY UNIT. A dwelling unit or sleeping unit with
habitable space located on more than one story.
[BF] NAILABLE SUBSTRATE. A product or material
such as framing, sheathing or furring, composed of wood,
wood-based materials or other materials providing equivalent
fastener withdrawal resistance.
[BS] NOMINAL LOADS. The magnitudes of the loads
specified in Chapter 16 (dead, live, soil, wind, tornadoes,
rain, and flood ).
[BS] NOMINAL SIZE (LUMBER). The commercial size
designation of width and depth, in standard sawn lumber and
glued-laminated lumber grades; somewhat larger than the
standard net size of dressed lumber, in accordance with
DOCPS 20 for sawn lumber and with the ANSI/AWC NDS
for glued-laminated lumber.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. A
membrane structure in which the membrane and all component parts of the structure are noncombustible.
[BS] NONSTRUCTURAL CONCRETE. Any element
made of plain or reinforced concrete that is not part of a structural system required to transfer either gravity or lateral loads
to the ground.
NONVISITATION CRYPT MAUSOLEUM. A mausoleum for the public where the crypts are not accessible to the
public.
[F] NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
(NTP). A temperature of 70°F (21°C) and a pressure of 1
atmosphere [14.7 psia (101 kPa)].
NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of landings at the top of stairway flights.
NOTIFICATION ZONE. See “Zone, notification.”
[F] NUISANCE ALARM. An alarm caused by mechanical
failure, malfunction, improper installation or lack of proper
maintenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that cannot be
determined.
NURSING HOMES. Facilities that provide care, including
both intermediate care facilities and skilled nursing facilities
where any of the persons are incapable of self-preservation.
OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the
means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed.
[BS] NAILING, EDGE. A special nailing pattern required
by design at the edges of each panel within the assembly of a
diaphragm or shear wall.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space
designed for human occupancy in which individuals congregate for amusement, educational or similar purposes or in
which occupants are engaged at labor, and which is equipped
with means of egress and light and ventilation facilities meeting the requirements of this code.
[BS] NAILING, FIELD. Nailing required between the
sheathing panels and framing members at locations other than
boundary nailing and edge nailing.
OPEN-AIR ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating served by
means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumulation
within or under a structure and is open to the atmosphere.
[BS] NATURALLY DURABLE WOOD. The heartwood of
the following species except for the occasional piece with
corner sapwood, provided 90 percent or more of the width of
each side on which it occurs is heartwood.
OPEN-ENDED CORRIDOR. An interior corridor that is
open on each end and connects to an exterior stairway or
ramp at each end with no intervening doors or separation
from the corridor.
Decay resistant. Redwood, cedar, black locust and black
walnut.
OPEN PARKING GARAGE. A structure or portion of a
structure with the openings as described in Section 406.5.2 on
two or more sides that is used for the parking or storage of
private motor vehicles as described in Section 406.5.3.
[BS] NAILING, BOUNDARY. A special nailing pattern
required by design at the boundaries of diaphragms.
Termite resistant. Redwood, Alaska yellow cedar, Eastern red cedar and Western red cedar.
NICHE. A permanent chamber in a columbarium or mausoleum to hold the cremated remains of one or more individuals.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
[F] OPEN SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous
material involving a vessel or system that is continuously
open to the atmosphere during normal operations and where
vapors are liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmo43
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
sphere during normal operations. Examples of open systems
for solids and liquids include dispensing from or into open
beakers or containers, dip tank and plating tank operations.
[F] OPERATING BUILDING. A building occupied in conjunction with the manufacture, transportation or use of explosive materials. Operating buildings are separated from one
another with the use of intraplant or intraline distances.
[BS] ORDINARY PRECAST STRUCTURAL WALL.
See Section 1905.1.1.
[BS] ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALL. See Section 1905.1.1.
[BS] ORDINARY STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
WALL. See Section 1905.1.1.
[F] ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that
contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide
where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced
by an organic radical. Organic peroxides can pose an explosion hazard (detonation or deflagration) or they can be shock
sensitive. They can also decompose into various unstable
compounds over an extended period of time.
Class I. Those formulations that are capable of deflagration but not detonation.
Class II. Those formulations that burn very rapidly and
that pose a moderate reactivity hazard.
Class III. Those formulations that burn rapidly and that
pose a moderate reactivity hazard.
Class IV. Those formulations that burn in the same manner as ordinary combustibles and that pose a minimal reactivity hazard.
Class V. Those formulations that burn with less intensity
than ordinary combustibles or do not sustain combustion
and that pose no reactivity hazard.
Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capable of detonation. These peroxides pose an extremely high
explosion hazard through rapid explosive decomposition.
[BS] ORTHOGONAL. To be in two horizontal directions,
at 90 degrees (1.57 rad) to each other.
[BS] OTHER STRUCTURES (for Chapters 16-23). Structures, other than buildings, for which loads are specified in
Chapter 16.
OUTPATIENT CLINIC. See “Clinic, outpatient.”
[A] OWNER. Any person, agent, operator, entity, firm or
corporation having any legal or equitable interest in the property; or recorded in the official records of the state, county or
municipality as holding an interest or title to the property; or
otherwise having possession or control of the property,
including the guardian of the estate of any such person, and
the executor or administrator of the estate of such person if
ordered to take possession of real property by a court.
[F] OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or
other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials and, if heated or
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contaminated, can result in vigorous self-sustained decomposition.
Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock and that causes a severe increase in the burning
rate of combustible materials with which it comes into
contact. Additionally, the oxidizer causes a severe increase
in the burning rate and can cause spontaneous ignition of
combustibles.
Class 3. An oxidizer that causes a severe increase in the
burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes
in contact.
Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in
the burning rate of combustible materials with which it
comes in contact.
Class 1. An oxidizer that does not moderately increase the
burning rate of combustible materials.
[F] OXIDIZING GAS. A gas that can support and accelerate
combustion of other materials more than air does.
[BS] PANEL (PART OF A STRUCTURE). The section of
a floor, wall or roof comprised between the supporting frame
of two adjacent rows of columns and girders or column bands
of floor or roof construction.
PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly incorporating a device that releases the latch upon the application of
a force in the direction of egress travel. See “Fire exit hardware.”
[BS] PARTICLEBOARD. A generic term for a panel primarily composed of cellulosic materials (usually wood), generally in the form of discrete pieces or particles, as
distinguished from fibers. The cellulosic material is combined with synthetic resin or other suitable bonding system
by a process in which the interparticle bond is created by the
bonding system under heat and pressure.
PEDESTAL. A fixed or adjustable-height support column
composed of a support base, a vertical structural element and
a load-bearing top cap surface.
PEDESTRIAN DECK PANELS OR PAVERS. Pedestrian
deck panels or pavers for this section are manufactured from
materials such as naturally durable wood, ceramic, stone or
concrete suitable for exterior applications.
PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A through-penetration
firestop or a membrane-penetration firestop.
PENTHOUSE. An enclosed, unoccupied rooftop structure
used for sheltering mechanical and electrical equipment,
tanks, elevators and related machinery, and vertical shaft
openings.
[BS] PERFORMANCE CATEGORY. A designation of
wood structural panels as related to the panel performance
used in Chapter 23.
PERMANENT INDIVIDUAL TRUSS MEMBER DIAGONAL BRACING (PITMDB). Structural member or assembly intended to permanently stabilize the PITMRs.
PERMANENT INDIVIDUAL TRUSS MEMBER
RESTRAINT (PITMR). Restraint that is used to prevent
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION
IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.
101674064
DEFINITIONS
local buckling of an individual truss chord or web member
because of the axial forces in the individual truss member.
[A] PERMIT. An official document or certificate issued by
the building official that authorizes performance of a specified activity.
[A] PERSON. An individual, heirs, executors, administrators
or assigns, and also includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their successors or assigns, or the agent of any of
the aforesaid.
PERSONAL CARE SERVICE. The care of persons who do
not require medical care. Personal care involves responsibility for the safety of the persons while inside the building
PHOTOLUMINESCENT. Having the property of emitting
light that continues for a length of time after excitation by
visible or invisible light has been removed.
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE. A complete, environmentally protected unit consisting of solar cells, optics and other
components, exclusive of tracker, designed to generate DC
power when exposed to sunlight.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. A collection of modules
mechanically fastened together, wired and designed to provide a field-installable unit.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEM. A system that
incorporates discrete photovoltaic panels, that converts solar
radiation into electricity, including rack support systems.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SHINGLES. A roof covering resembling shingles that incorporates photovoltaic modules.
[F] PHYSICAL HAZARD. A chemical for which there is
evidence that it is a combustible liquid, cryogenic fluid,
explosive, flammable (solid, liquid or gas), organic peroxide
(solid or liquid), oxidizer (solid or liquid), oxidizing gas,
pyrophoric (solid, liquid or gas), unstable (reactive) material
(solid, liquid or gas) or water-reactive material (solid or liquid).
[F] PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD
LEVEL. A concentration of airborne contaminants, normally
expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic
meter (mg/m3), that represents the concentration at which
persons can sense the presence of the contaminant due to
odor, irritation or other quick-acting physiological response.
When used in conjunction with the permissible exposure
limit (PEL) the physiological warning threshold levels are
those consistent with the classification system used to establish the PEL. See the definition of “Permissible exposure
limit (PEL)” in the Florida Fire Prevention Code.
PLACE OF RELIGIOUS WORSHIP. See “Religious worship, place of.”
PLANS. All construction drawings and specifications for any
structure necessary for the building official to review in order
to determine whether a proposed structure, addition or renovation will meet the requirements of this code and other
applicable codes.
PLASTIC, APPROVED. Any thermoplastic, thermosetting
or reinforced thermosetting plastic material that conforms to
combustibility classifications specified in the section applicable to the application and plastic type.
FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING, 8th EDITION (2023)
PLASTIC COMPOSITE. A generic designation that refers
to wood/plastic composites, plastic lumber and similar materials.
PLASTIC GLAZING. Plastic materials that are glazed or
set in frame or sash and not held by mechanical fasteners that
pass through the glazing material.
PLASTIC LUMBER. A manufactured product made primarily of plastic materials (filled or unfilled) which is generally rectangular in cross section.
PLATFORM. A raised area within a building used for worship, the presentation of music, plays or other entertainment;
the head table for special guests; the raised area for lecturers
and speakers; boxing and wrestling rings; theater-in-theround stages; and similar purposes wherein, other than horizontal sliding curtains, there are no overhead hanging curtains, drops, scenery or stage effects other than lighting and
sound. A temporary platform is one installed for not more
than 30 days.
PLAY STRUCTURE. A structure composed of one or more
components, where the user enters a play environment.
POLYPROPYLENE SIDING. A shaped material, made
principally from polypropylene homopolymer, or copolymer,
which in some cases contains fillers or reinforcements, that is
used to clad exterior walls of buildings.
[BS] PORCELAIN TILE. Ceramic tile having an absorption of 0.5 percent or less in accordance with ANSI A137.1,
Table 10 or ANSI A137.3, Tables 4 or 5.
[BS] POSITIVE ROOF DRAINAGE. The drainage condition in which consideration has been made for all loading
deflections of the roof deck, and sufficient slope has been
provided to ensure drainage of the roof within 48 hours of
precipitation.
POWER-ASSISTED DOOR. Swinging door which opens
by reduced pushing or pulling force on the door-operating
hardware. The door closes automatically after the pushing or
pulling force is released and functions with decreased forces.
See “Low-energy power-operated door” and “Power-operated door.”
POWER-OPERATED DOOR. Swinging, sliding, or folding door which opens automatically when approached by a
pedestrian or opens automatically upon an action by a pedestrian. The door closes automatically and includes provisions
such as presence sensors to prevent entrapment. See “Lowenergy power-operated door” and “Power-assisted door.”
[BS] PREFABRICATED WOOD I-JOIST. Structural
member manufactured using sawn or structural composite
lumber flanges and wood structural panel webs bonded
together with exterior exposure adhesives, which forms an
“I” cross-sectional shape.
[BS] PRESTRESSED MASONRY. Masonry in which
internal stresses have been introduced to counteract potential
tensile stresses in masonry resulting from applied loads.
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAME. The primary structural frame shall include all of the following structural members:
1. The columns.
45
Copyright © 2023 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Linda Benedetti (wja@wjarc.com), (-) Order Number #101674064 on Jan 02, 2024 10:55 AM (CST) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No
further reproduction, no further reproductions by any third party, or distribut