English as a lifestyle:
How to Stop Learning
English and Start
Living It
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Work
Marina
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INTRODUCTION
Hi there!
Have you ever become bored with learning English? Is it difficult for
you to keep focused on doing exercises? Do you often have to
force yourself to find time for English classes?
English learners will answer yes to at least one of these questions.
This usually happens when you are losing or have already lost
motivation to study. When one lacks motivation, it can be hard to
make progress, and the stagnation can actually lead to the idea
that English is too difficult to learn. But it's not!
The purpose of this workbook is to show that you can learn English
without forcing yourself. The process can be fulfilling, you just need
to find an approach to studying that works for you. In this
handbook, I will try to reawaken your willingness to learn the
language. You will find tips and life hacks on how to keep
motivated to learn English and to do so in a fun way!
Many pieces of advice in this book can be applied not just to
Shakespeare's language. Who knows, maybe, thanks to the
workbook, you will start your path to becoming a polyglot!
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CONTENT
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Goals, Goals and More Goals……….……………………………………………………………………………..
Defining a Strategy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Your Starting Point.…………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………..
Tracking Your Results: a Unique Tracker for Learning English…..…………………..
Roadmap: How to Move Through the Workbook ………………………..…………………….
How to Surround Yourself with English…………..………………………………..……………………….
Why is it Effective to Learn English from Movies and TV Shows?..……….……….
Selection of TV Shows………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………….
Selection of Movies………………………………………………..……………………………..………………….…..….
Why aren't Movies and Shows Divided into Different Levels?…………………..…..
Using Subtitles……………..…………………….………..………………….…..……………………………….…………….
Quotes from TV Shows in English…..…………………….………..………………….…..………..…………
Life Hacks and Rules for Watching Movies and Series………………………………….…
Selection of Youtube Channels…..…………………….………..………………….…..………….………….
How to Watch Videos to get The Maximum Benefit…..…….………….……..………....
Selection of Podcasts.…..…………………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..………………
Learn English with Audio Series………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……………
Using Instagram Advantageously………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….
Listening to Music and Singing Songs….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….
Reading in English….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………..
Selection of English Reading Material.……………………..……….….………..……………………….
Studying New Vocabulary…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………
Grammar Checklists..………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………
English Tenses…………….………..………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………..
Signal Words.…………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………….
Articles..…………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………..
Modal Verbs…….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………………….
Reported Speech…..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………………….
Conditionals…..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………………….
Verbs with Prepositions…………………….………..……….….………..……………………………………………
Adjectives with Prepositions………….………..……….….………..…………………………………………….
Phrasal Verbs.….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………
30 Days of Grammar Practice………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………
Answer Keys..….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………..
Final Thoughts...….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………………..
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GOALS, GOALS AND MORE GOALS
So, you have decided to improve your English. The question is
where to start? The learning process can become chaotic and
confusing if you do not state, clear intentions. That’s why the first
thing you should do is to establish goals.
Why are you learning English?
Everyone has their own reasons. What are yours? Are you planning
to study abroad? Are you going to travel or take a business trip to
an English-speaking country? Define your motivation. This will help
you to plan for success and keep you on track.
When formulating your goal, it is important to take into account the
following principles:
1 Be specific.
Although the goal “learn English in a year” has a deadline, it is still
vague and does not provide a specific measurable understanding.
Here are a couple of examples of clearly stated goals:
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Prepare for TOEFL in six months and score 115 or above
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Go from A1 to B1 in a year
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Learn 100 new words in a week
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Read one book in English per month
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2 Realism.
The goal should inspire you, not discourage you. If the goal is too
big or complicated for you, then it is worth splitting it into
subcategories that can be achieved in a short period of time.
There is only one way to eat an elephant: one bite at a time!
Here is an example of breaking up a goal into more manageable
tasks.
Be fluent in English in a year:
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Learn the 50 most common English verbs in one month.
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Learn to have a two-minute conversation on three topics
in four months.
Now you know why it is important to set a goal and how to
formulate one correctly. It's time to write your own. Let's write one in
English.
I want to learn English to prepare for the TOEFL in six months and
pass it with 115 points or more
I want to learn English to have a two-minute conversation on three
topics in four months
I want to achieve an advanced level of English in 5 months to get a
job in a foreign company
I want to learn English to
Hooray! You've set your goal!
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DEFINING A STRATEGY
"Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics
without strategy is the noise before defeat," wrote Sun Tzu in his
epic work The Art of War.
Although you won’t have to fight with anyone, the words of the
Chinese thinker are true in learning a new language. So after
setting goals and deadlines, it's time to decide how exactly you
will approach learning English.
Here are the most popular ways to learn a language:
WITH A TUTOR
One-on-one lessons with a teacher are a quick way to learn a
language. You will not be able to avoid doing homework or
difficult exercises. The advantage of working with a tutor is that
they will build a more personalized lesson that takes your
strengths and weaknesses into account. They will also be able to
adapt to your schedule and pace of learning.
Cons: The perfect match does not always happen on the first try,
you won’t communicate with different people, you won’t hear
different accents and opinions.
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ENGLISH COURSES
Usually, group classes in language schools include between four
to eight students — the fewer people, the better. For the learning
process to be more efficient, look for courses with a native English
teacher with experience in teaching English.
The advantage of such courses is that they are cheaper than
classes with a tutor, there is a strict schedule, you can meet other
people and quickly overcome the language barrier. On the other
hand, other people in the group might have a different learning
rate and you won’t be able to adjust the class time to your
schedule
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ON YOUR OWN
This method is for the most disciplined and persistent students
because it requires great motivation, even more than in the
classroom. What is convenient in this approach is that you do not
depend on anyone, you have minimum expenses, and can study
anytime and anywhere. Among the drawbacks is the lack of
practice (e.g. speaking) and feedback, no one will check your
pronunciation and work. Also, studying alone is boring and there is
a high risk of losing the battle to procrastination.
Tip: Use a textbook in addition to lessons with a tutor or courses.
At this stage, it is important to choose what suits you best in all
respects: financially, time and approach. It is not necessary to use
only one strategy, you can combine them. Which option is more
suitable for you?
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YOUR STARTING POINT
Before diving into the world of learning English, let’s first evaluate
your current level. There is an obvious benefit to taking tests to
determine your level of English. First, they increase motivation.
Often after passing a test, the “faster, higher, stronger” mode is
turned on. People want the results to show the desired
advancement and be able to gain more confidence. Secondly,
such tests help to choose the right strategy. Knowing where you
are on your language path will help you decide where to go next.
For example, what material to choose, what group to sign up for,
what movies to watch — the answer depends on where you are
now. When the results improve, the level of your English proficiency
becomes better. Additionally, when you know your initial position, it
is easier to track progress, which is an integral part of learning a
language.
.
Duolingo test can help to define your starting point. It takes about
an hour to complete. After taking it, move to the next chapter in
this book.
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TRACKING YOUR RESULTS: A UNIQUE
TRACKER FOR LEARNING ENGLISH
In order to stay on schedule, track your results and progress, you
can use a universal habit tracker. It will also help you to avoid
plateaus, an unpleasant, yet normal, occurrence in which you get
stuck at one level for a long time.
Weekly Tracker
HABIT TRACKER
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Th
Fr
Sa
Su
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Monthly Tracker
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Year-long Tracker
I promise myself to practice English for 30 minutes every day
Mo
Tu We Th
Fr
Sa
Su
Mo
Tu We Th
Fr
Sa
Su
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ROADMAP: HOW TO MOVE THROUGH
THE WORKBOOK
Learning English is a big undertaking. Like any project, your studies
will begin with planning to make it easier to learn consistently.
A roadmap will help you get closer to your goal, make learning
plans and monitor their implementation — a graphical display of
your path to the goal that includes the main checkpoints. After
passing a stage, tick it off your roadmap and do not forget to
praise yourself, because you did a great job! Now that we've
gotten all of our prep work behind us, it's time to dive in! Click on
the "start" icon and let's go!
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HOW TO SURROUND YOURSELF WITH ENGLISH
The first commandment for an English learner: if you want to do it
as efficiently and quickly as possible, surround yourself with as
much English as possible. Grammar and vocabulary are, without a
doubt, an integral part of speaking and writing in any language.
However, when you start surrounding yourself with information
from the real world — listening to the news, watching movies in the
language you are learning — only then will you make a truly
noticeable breakthrough in understanding it. There are a lot of
ways to surround yourself with English, but the most enjoyable
ones, of course, are with the help of sources of entertainment:
movies, series, books, blogs and YouTube videos
WHY IS IT EFFECTIVE TO LEARN ENGLISH
FROM MOVIES AND TV SHOWS?
When watching your favorite movies and TV shows, you do not get
bored as quickly as while doing grammar exercises — this is usually
a fun and thrilling way to spend your time.
In TV shows and movies, there are many phrasal verbs and words
from the vocabulary of an average American or English person
being used. They are much rarer to come across in textbooks. It is
the knowledge of such vocabulary that brings our English closer to
the cherished Advanced level! In addition, foreign movies and TV
series show the customs and traditions of Americans and Brits.
We have collected all the most relevant, interesting, and useful
movies and TV series for you. Find the time and watch them!
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SELECTION OF TV SHOWS
Suits
This show takes place in a fictional
law firm at New York. The series is
about a self-taught lawyer who
pretends to be a Harvard graduate
and one of the best lawyers in the
city.
Stranger Things
The series is set in the fictional town of
Hawkins in the 1980s. The plot follows
a group of kids and teens whose
world is turned upside down when
one of their friends goes missing. The
series is about villains, monsters, and
even another world.
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GLOW
At the center of the plot is a girl
named Ruth, who all her life has
dreamed of becoming a famous
actress. But life had other plans and
gave her a role in a series about
female wrestlers. So Ruth finds herself
in a world of bouffant hair, glitter, and
spandex.
Big Bang Theory
The main characters of the series
are physicists-geeks. They know
everything about the universe but
are absolutely helpless in
communicating with the opposite
sex. The situation changes when an
aspiring actress and waitress
named Penny moves next door.
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Why Women Kill
The series follows the stories of three
women from different decades: a
housewife in the 1960s, a socialite in
the 1980s, and a lawyer in the 2010s.
Times are different, the problem is the
same. Are the reactions of the women
similar?
Big Little Lies
What can unites five women from a
California town? Brunches, love of
shopping or jogging in the morning?
A murder?
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Silicon Valley
This is a comedy about young IT techs
who are desperately trying to come
up with a breakthrough startup. They
all live under the same roof of an
eccentric entrepreneur.
House of Cards
This acclaimed series is about political
games, lies, power and greed.
Although it is a drama, it also
features some of the inner workings
of American politics.
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Game of Thrones
This is a series with many characters
and several storylines. The Seven
Kingdoms fight for the power of the
Iron Throne while an exiled princess
from an overthrown dynasty tries to
claim what is rightfully hers. This is a
story about human passions, the lust
for power, political intrigues, and the
fate of despotic rulers.
Black Mirror
The main focus of the series is the
impact of modern technology on
human life. This frightening series
is about what life in a society
dependent on gadgets can
turn into.
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The Morning Show
What happens behind the scenes of
morning talk shows? In the series, you
will find the answer. Based on real life
situations, ambition, controversy and
the battle for ratings, this show
demonstrates what happens behind
the bright smiles we see every
morning on TV.
Thirteen Reasons Why
Why would a schoolgirl decide to
commit suicide? The show follows a
fellow classmate as he discovers the
13 reasons why the girl has taken
her life.
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The Crown
The series is a chronicle of the life
of Queen Elizabeth II. It’s about the
political rivalry and behind-thescenes intrigue that become part
of the life of the ruler. The different
seasons of the show follow her life
during different obstacles and eras,
starting with the beginning of her
reign.
Peaky Blinders
This is the story of one family that runs
the most feared and powerful local
gang and has gained worldwide
popularity. It’s a crime drama, starring
Cillian Murphy, about the life of English
gangsters in the 1920s.
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Friends
It’s one of the best comedy series in
the history of American television. The
plot revolves around six friends who
live in New York City as they navigate
their lives together. This series has it
all: ridiculous stories, killer jokes,
support, and love.
Sex And The City
This is a story of four friends who look
at life differently but overcome their
problems together. The series shows
their daily life, experiences and search
for love. Enjoy funny situations and
interesting dialogues from confident
and frank ladies.
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And Just Like That…
This new show is a continuation of the
cult series "Sex and the City". This
series is a great opportunity to check
in with the beloved characters of the
original series as they experience love,
loss and New York as middle-aged
women.
Emily in Paris
American girl Emily, goes to work
in Paris. The series follows her
experiences with culture shock and
adjusting to the French way of life.
It’s a light series about adventures
with new colleagues, friends, and
lovers.
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Sherlock
The heroes of Arthur Conan Doyle’s
works, Sherlock Holmes and John
Watson, are transported to the modern
world. Unexplained crimes are taking
place in London and the police are
powerless. Sherlock and John help in
solving complicated and confusing
cases.
True Detective
The first season of the series tells the
story of partners who are
investigating a murder in Louisiana.
The second is about police officers
investigating the death of a politician.
In the third season, an aging
detective recalls the circumstances
of a murder which happened in 1980.
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White Collar
"To solve the most intricate crime, you
need to hire the best criminal" — that
phrase perfectly describes the plot.
To catch major criminals, the police
ask one of them for help.
How I Met Your Mother
In 2030, the main character gathers
his children together and tells them a
long story about meeting their
mother. The story begins at his friends'
wedding when he decides to find true
love. Thus begins a series of
relationships with a variety of girls,
each of whom he imagines as a
potential wife.
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The Walking Dead
The zombie apocalypse is already
here. The world, in its current form, no
longer exists. This is what the main
character finds when he wakes up
from a coma. After realizing what's
happened, he remembers his wife
and child. Now his goal is to find
his family.
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SELECTION OF MOVIES
Forrest Gump
The main character, Forrest Gump,
is a simple, kind, open-hearted, and
unsophisticated man. The movie
follows his life and his incredible
accomplishments throughout
important moments in American
culture. But the only thing he dreams
about is the love of his childhood
friend, Jenny.
Pretty Woman
It’s a love story between a rich man
and a poor woman. The main
character is left without a roof over
her head and is forced to work as as
a lady of the night. One day her life
changes. She meets a millionaire who
becomes something more than just a
client ...
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The Mask
This bright movie stars the king of
comedy, Jim Carrey. A mask, found by
chance, changes the life of a shy
bank employee. When he puts it on,
he becomes a completely different
person, insane and invincible.
The Shawshank
Redemption
The main character is a bank
employee who is mistakenly
sentenced to life imprisonment. To
avoid the cruelties of prison, he starts
working in the library at the prison.
After 20 years, he receives
confirmation that he was convicted
by mistake and prepares an escape
plan.
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Groundhog Day
Time in the life of the main character
has stopped. Every day is February 2
and he lives through the same events
over and over again. He is trying to
reap the benefits from his comical
position and live life to the fullest. Until
he has one cherished, simple wish left
— February 3.
Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone
Harry, an orphan boy, has lived in the
house of his cruel aunt and uncle for
10 years. One day, a giant bursts into
his life with interesting news. It turns
out the boy is a wizard. Now young
Harry will have to learn the world of
witchcraft and wizardry, and face
many challenges.
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The Holiday
It’s the story of two heartbroken
women. They find each other online
and decide to swap their lives
through a house exchange. This
vacation starts a new chapter in the
lives of both heroines.
The Lake House
The main character decides to move
from a lake house to the bustling city.
Before that, she leaves a note in the
mailbox for the future owner of the
house. After a while, the girl decides
to visit the old house and sees a letter
in the mailbox. It was an answer to her
letter from the son of the architect of
the house. That’s how their romantic
relationship begins.
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Love actually
The movie shows nine parallel
storylines a month before Christmas.
Absolutely all the characters and their
stories are intricately intertwined with
each other. The main message is that
love is everywhere and that loving
someone may be the bravest thing
we can do.
The Terminal
This is a story about a man who gets
stuck at a New York airport. The
protagonist's visa is canceled while
he was still in flight, so he cannot go
through customs, but he cannot fly
back either, because all flights to his
country have been canceled. Now
his home is the terminal.
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The Matrix
The main character, Neo, learns that
the world in which people live is just a
computer virtual reality controlled by
machines. Machines keep people in a
state of hallucination in order to feed
on their energy. Neo takes the side of
the fight against Artificial Intelligence
to return freedom to humanity.
Pulp Fiction
A comedy with elements of drama.
The movie tells about two hitmen who,
in between jobs, tell each other stories
from their lives. So three stories are
unfolding, each of them is funny and
tragic at the same time.
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Pirates of the Caribbean:
The Curse of the Black
Pearl
The charismatic and desperate pirate
Jack Sparrow sets off on a journey on
the ship the Black Pearl. One day, the
ship is attacked and the daughter of
the local governor is taken prisoner.
Jack Sparrow leads the rescue
operation.
The King’s Speech
In 1925, the Duke of York speaks to
the stadium of spectators and radio
listeners. He suffers from a stuttering
problem, so the performance goes
terribly — long pauses, some of the
words are incomprehensible. So he
takes a series of classes with different
speech therapists. Everything is
useless. Until a speech therapist from
Austria with an extraordinary
approach appears in the life of the
Duke.
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Click
A workaholic architect works hard to
get promoted, and he has no time for
family. One day, he finds a remote
control that can fast-forward his life.
After playing for a while, the main
character realizes that he did not
prioritize correctly and fast-forwarded
through important moments in his life.
He'll have to make up for the lost time.
Marley and Me
The calm life of a young couple, who
have everything planned for years to
come, is disturbed by one event. They
adopted a puppy, not just any dog,
but an uncontrollable labrador. It is
the dog that becomes the main test
in the life of the couple.
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Home Alone
After a fight with his parents on
Christmas Eve, Kevin wishes they
would disappear from his life. In the
morning, the whole family of the boy
leaves for vacation, forgetting to take
Kevin with them. On top of that, the
main character's house becomes the
target of robbers, but Kevin is smart
about it and protects his home.
WHY AREN'T MOVIES AND SHOWS DIVIDED
INTO DIFFERENT LEVELS?
When creating a movie, directors and screenwriters do not think
“Well, what level of English is it suitable for?”. So lists of movies for
different levels are often created on the basis of subjective
opinion.
There is a basic principle: if you want to watch something easier,
choose examples from the lists above. More difficult are genres
such as fantasy, adventure or about a certain profession or area
(politics, business, finance, and so on).
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USING SUBTITLES
You can turn on subtitles, but it is recommended to you watch
without them if possible. It is important to follow what is happening
in the scene and not be distracted by the words below.
Instead of reading lines, take a better look at the actors: watch for
expressions on their faces. After all, in real life, people use body
language, which you will also have to master because charm and
charisma play a key role in building business and friendships. !
When should I start watching TV series in English without subtitles?
When you want to train your ears, learn modern vocabulary and
slang.
There is also a compromise: turn on subtitles when you really need
them and then turn them off.
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QUOTES FROM TV SHOWS IN ENGLISH
Watching TV shows in English is great because you are both
studying and being entertained! However, it's not only about
improving your listening skills. You can also improve your spoken
English and your knowledge of language use in everyday life.
For example, imagine yourself at an appointment with an American
doctor. You are trying to explain why you came and what you need
help with. In this moment, you will thank heaven for eight seasons of
House.
So, here is a selection of phrases that will definitely come in handy
when talking with native speakers.
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I never gave up on you.
Told ya!
Later!
Get back here.
Step right up, ladies and gentlemen!
Keep your voice down.
He has nothing to do with this.
Do I make myself clear?
Geez!
We got a deal?
I’ll be damned!
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Men are gonna come along and teach you things.
What are we supposed to do with her?
There’s hardly a scratch on her.
It’s a goddamn miracle.
I doubt she’ll see it that way.
You understand, dear, your mother’s passed on?
You know what that means, don’t you?
It’s interesting, go on.
•
My friends and I were obsessed with Gossip Girl.
Fake it till you make it.
So, you’re single in Paris?
How are you enjoying Paris?
You’re not wearing the perfume.
I will keep all of that in mind for our marketing materials.
I am looking for a friendly face to talk to.
I hope to become a valuable member of your team.
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I need to get out of this!
This network has every right to terminate you.
Someone else could be in the driver’s seat.
She is throwing me under the bus.
We are facing the biggest crisis in
our history.
I don’t fit the mold.
It’s barely news!
Your words spoke to America.
My life just ended for no good reason.
I’m dumping you. For her.
It’s not about money, it’s my vocation.
My mum doesn’t do boyfriends.
I had a mental breakdown.
I just have no room in my life for dating.
Have you dropped something? No? Why are you eyeballing
the ground, then?
I had just had my eyebrows done, and I was looking on fleek.
Dancing is not really my thing.
For shits and giggles.
Well, you won't be snogging anyone tonight.
If you chicken out now, The Wild Bunch is gone for good!
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Gallaghers are a lot of things but no one says we back down
from a challenge.
If we weren’t so screwed we wouldn’t ask for your help.
Dude almost drowned me in my own hot tub.
You don’t have to help us.
I am taking my time with this.
I took what was mine.
I’m not fishing for a pep talk.
No pun intended.
Silver lining? Finally, have the house for ourselves.
For the record, I do not want to be sent to a place like this.
As soon as I post this, you're gonna get a load of new followers.
What's your handle?
Now that I'm back, I'm gonna feature your finstas, surface those
subtweets, and crack your caches.
I haven't been seeing you around the school very much.
I'm trying to keep a low profile.
And if she were to leave, Obie would just pine for her like the
puppy he is.
Oh, these are gorg.
I don't need you to pile on too, Max. I am exhausted.
Well, how many new phrases did you come across? You've
probably never seen a lot of them before. Below you will find tips
on how to get the most out of a TV show or movie. Keep reading!
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LIFE HACKS AND RULES FOR WATCHING
MOVIES AND SERIES
Choose TV shows based on two criteria: language level and
interests.
Choosing a show or movie based on the level of English is pretty
straightforward: the language in The Simpsons and House M.D. is
different. To understand what suits you best, you just need to
listen to their dialogues. If it's too difficult or you don't feel
challenged enough, you will have to look for something simpler or
more difficult.
Choose a story according to your interests. Do you dream of
working as a lawyer in Washington, finding investments for your
own IT startup, or taking Hollywood by storm? Then look for a
series on these topics.
It is not necessary to look up every unfamiliar word in a dictionary.
If you come across a new word, try to find it in a picture search.
This will help you to associate the word with an image, making it
easier to remember. If you use a dictionary, try the Cambridge
Dictionary or Oxford Dictionaries.
Slow down playback speed. There are moments when actors in a
movie or TV series speak too fast and you can't catch the line. Of
course, you can read the subtitles, but you shouldn't ignore
listening comprehension. Streaming services like Kinopoisk, Netflix,
and Amazon Prime Video have a playback speed control function.
There is nothing shameful in watching a moment that you did not
understand at a speed of 0.5 or even 0.25. If you do not use
streaming platforms, then there is another option — to install a
special browser extension. For example, for the Google Chrome
browser, use SpeedUp extensions, Netflix, Prime videos, or Video
Speed Controller.
39
Template for new vocabulary from TV shows and movies.
Word/Phrase
Meaning in English
Example
Drip
Cool and stylish outfit
Look at Emma’s drip! She is
so gorgeous.
Task: watch a movie from the selection above and write a review
about it.
40
SELECTION OF YOUTUBE CHANNELS
BUSINESS AND NEWS
The Economist. This channel provides information and opinion on
international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology,
and connections between them.
Forbes. About business, entrepreneurship, investment, and
leadership. The channel has a lot of success stories of people who
influence our world in one way or another.
Business Insider. A channel about everything related to business:
global technologies, finance, markets, and strategies.
Google Small Business. This channel is about business and great
for business owners. Small business owners can get tips, tools, and
resources to grow their business online.
Stanford Graduate School of Business. An educational channel
featuring the ideas of the world's leading educators and famous
guest speakers. By watching their videos, you can feel like a
member of the Stanford GSB community.
GaryVee. Gary is an entrepreneur. He helps brands from the
Fortune 1000 list. On his channel, Gary shares business tips and
motivational videos.
41
EDUCATIONAL CHANNELS
The School of Life. The goal of this channel is to help people live
more peacefully. On the channel, you will find videos about how to
understand yourself, improve your relationships and become more
self-confident when you face difficulties.
TED-ed. An educational channel with short films on various topics.
All videos are created by teachers and animators. The material is
presented in simple and accessible English.
Big Think. A source for useful educational content prepared by
experts. Channel experts are leaders in their fields and talk about
ideas and skills that are important in the 21st century.
The Financial Diet. This financial literacy channel won't make won't
make you want to cry. You can find everything you need to know
about money and how to live better. It will be clear even for a
beginner.
CrashCourse. This channel has short educational videos on
different topics from school subjects to social sciences,
psychology, and media.
OverSimplified. Subjects talked about on this channel can be
quite complex, like revolution and war, in super simple language.
Timeline World History Documentaries. This channel is about
world history. The channel's creators feature unique
documentaries and series from leading broadcasters including the
BBC, Channel 4, Discovery, and PBS.
VOX. This channel will help break through the break through all the
noise and understand what drives the events in the headlines and
in our lives.
42
ENTERTAINMENT CHANNELS
Saturday Night Live. Here you'll find your favorite sketches,
behind-the-scenes clips, and exclusives featuring your favorite
hosts and actors.
Jimmy Kimmel Live. On this channel, you can watch excerpts of
interviews from the late-night talk show of the same name. On the
show, Hollywood stars share stories and have fun.
The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. One more channel with
excerpts of funny moments from the show is from another Jimmy:
comedy sketches, musical parodies, interviews with celebrities, fun
games, and a look backstage.
TheEllenShow. Excerpts from the daytime show "The Ellen
DeGeneres Show": comedy, celebrities, music artists, and
interesting stories.
The Late Late Show with James Corden. This channel has videos
where stars sing karaoke, improvise and play games with the host.
43
FASHION AND CULTURE
Rolling Stone. Music, culture, and entertainment. The channel has
a lot of exclusive interviews, live performances, and pop culture
news.
Vanity Fair. Here you can find talks about people, places, and
ideas that define contemporary culture. The channel broadcasts
about everything in the contemporary world: from art and
entertainment to business, politics, and international relations.
i-D. This channel is devoted to fashion, culture, individuality, and
youth. It spotlights unique and diverse perspectives to engage in
fashion and youth culture.
Vogue. A channel about fashion in the context of culture and the
modern world. The channel shows how fashion affects the way we
dress, live and communicate; what we eat, what we listen to and
watch.
CineFix. An educational and entertaining channel about cinema.
Movie buffs will appreciate it.
44
TECHNOLOGY
The Verge. A team of journalists explores how technology will
change lives in the future. The channel features product reviews,
technology news, and so on.
CNET. A channel that helps with navigation in the changing world
of technology. With the help of this channel, you will find out what
new developments appear in the areas of modern life, like
healthcare, home, money, culture, the environment, and others.
Tech Insider. Here you will learn everything you need to know
about technology today: gadgets, manuals, games, digital culture
and much more.
TKOR. The name of the channel stands for "The King of Random".
Videos are dedicated to exploring life through all sorts of life
hacks, experiments, and random weekend projects.
45
DIFFERENT TOPICS
CollegeHumor. Comedy channel. The channel also has a lot of
sketches, quirky clips, web series, etc.
High on Life. A channel for those who want to fall in love with life
again. The videos on the channel are devoted to different topics,
but they are similar in one thing — they inspire you to go out and
explore the world.
Mark Weins. The owner of the channel, Mark, has found an obvious
benefit from travel — the opportunity to taste food from all over
the world. The channel is about delicious street food and tips for
travelers!
Jamie Oliver. A channel about unusual recipes, master classes,
and delicious food from British chef Jamie Oliver.
46
HOW TO WATCH VIDEOS TO GET
THE MAXIMUM BENEFIT
To get the maximum benefit from watching videos, it is not enough
just to watch them. So before clicking the play button, remind
yourself that your main goal is to improve your English. Keep a
notepad nearby to write down new words and phrases so that the
new vocabulary does not become just noise, but part of your
growing vocabulary list. After watching, try to remember what these
words mean. Another cool exercise is to summarize the video out
loud, not exactly word for word, but it would be cool if you used the
new words that you’ve written down.
If the video you watched is short, you can watch it several times —
first to get a general idea, then to learn English: take notes or
repeat lines, practice different pronunciations.
A word of caution: Don't force yourself to watch what's useful if
you're not interested. Learning should be fun and enjoyable.
We have prepared a video and some tasks for you to demonstrate
how you can practice.
47
1
Watch the video 73 Questions With Adele:
Useful vocabulary from the video:
To reckon — to think or believe
To pinch — to press something, especially someone's skin, strongly
between two hard things such as a finger and a thumb, usually
causing pain
To assume — to accept something to be true without question or
proof
Homebody — a person who likes spending time at home rather
than going out with friends or traveling to different places
On behalf of — representing somebody
To dive into — to start doing something suddenly and
energetically, often without stopping to think
Unexpected — not expected
To handle — to deal with, take responsibility for, or be in charge of
To take a gander — to look at, glance at
Attempt — the act of trying to do something, especially something
difficult
48
Encouraging — making you feel more confident
Slides — slip-on shoes
To pour out of — to freely express (an emotion)
Venue — a place where a public event or meeting happens
Stage fright — a feeling of nervousness when performing or
speaking in front of an audience
Regimented — too organized and controlled
Ridiculous — stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be
laughed at
2
Make up your own sentences with the new words.
49
3
Answer the questions that Adele answered in the video.
§ What's one thing you’ve learned over the past years?
§ What is the most surprising aspect of living in your country?
§ What’s the best movie that you’ve watched recently?
§ Do you think it’s true that you can learn a lot about a person
based on the books that they keep?
§ Who is your fashion icon?
§ What do you never leave the house without wearing?
§ What piece of advice would you give to your 19-year old self?
50
§ What’s your happiest memory with your mom?
§ What word would your friends use to describe you?
§ What is the proudest possession that you own?
4
Who would you like to ask 73 questions? Choose a celebrity
you would like to chat with and write your questions.
51
SELECTION OF PODCASTS
Podcasts are a great language booster. You can simultaneously
immerse yourself in something that interests you, expand your
vocabulary and improve your listening skills. The greatest thing
about podcasts is that you can listen to them anywhere and
choose from a variety of topics: fashion, history, mythology, fitness,
and whatever else interests you. Don't know which podcast to
choose? Here is a selection:
7 Deadly Sins
Stephen Fry is an English actor, comedian,
and writer. In the podcast, he talks about
the seven sins in a way that will make you
laugh heartily and think about how people
behave.
Gucci Podcast
This podcast will give you a peek into the
inner workings of the fashion house and find
out how the collections are created. Each
episode reveals the inspiration and vision
of the Florentine fashion house.
Great Lives
This is kind of a biographical series in which
famous guests tell the biography of those
who inspired them. You will learn about the
life of John Rockefeller, Nikolo Tesla, Charles
Dickens, and other prominent historical
figures.
52
How to Fail
We are taught to win, but not how to accept
defeats. This podcast focuses on situations
where something went wrong. Every week, a new
guest talks about what their failures taught them
and how it helped them on the way to victory.
The English We Speak
This podcast will introduce you to the most used
English words and phrases. Each episode lasts
less than three minutes, and this time will be
enough to master the essential phrases of
spoken English.
American English Pronunciation Podcast
The podcast about the nuances of
pronunciation. Here you will learn to distinguish
the subtleties of sound pronunciation,
intonations, and stress.
The podcast is educational, so I advise you to
take notes while listening.
Luke’s English Podcast
Fans of British English will especially enjoy this
podcast. The host, Luke Thompson, talks about a
variety of topics in each episode and educates
listeners at the same time. Podcasts are not
about something sophisticated, they are
reflections on everyday life, so everyone will
understand them.
Choose any and upgrade your listening skills!
53
LEARN ENGLISH WITH AUDIO SERIES
If you don't have enough time to watch TV shows in English, then
there is one excellent solution! Try a new format — audio series. In
English-speaking countries, this format is becoming popular and a
new episode is just as highly anticipated as a new episode of
Game of Thrones was.
What’s the difference between audio series and podcasts? The
former is just like a TV show but in an audio format, without visuals
or settings, but with music and sounds that replace the visual
component. Audio series are divided into episodes and seasons.
They have a storyline, characters voiced by different actors, and a
soundtrack — everything is like in regular TV series.
Audio series are not audiobooks, where the text is simply read
aloud. They are also not like podcasts, in which different people
meet, discussing topics. The format of audio series is closer to that
of radio shows you might have listened to in childhood. These were
dramatizations of literary works, in which much attention was paid
to audio effects: recording of steps, shots, sounds of nature, and
the noise of cars. With the rising popularity of podcasts, this genre
has been revived and has turned into audio series. Only now,
stories and plots are composed from scratch, or, if it is a
documentary genre, they are based on real stories.
You can listen to audio series
anywhere: while jogging, on the way
to work or school, while walking the
dog, or cooking. You can go about
your daily life while listening to a
fascinating story, improving your
English by practicing your listening
skills, and getting used to the accents
of native speakers.
54
In addition to boosting listening skills, audio series are also
interesting: captivating plots and thoughtful sound design
captivate your attention. Also, there’s a lot of room for
imagination: you can imagine what the characters and the setting
look like.
However, this format is not suitable for beginners. Since audio
series rarely have subtitles, it is recommended to start listening to
them when you are at the Intermediate level.
You can listen to audio series on Apple Podcasts or Acast.
Episodes are also available on the websites of studios that
produce audio series like Gimlet and QCode.
You can download audio series in advance and listen to them
offline without an Internet connection.
Nowadays, most audio series are science fiction, thriller, or crime,
in which it is easy to convey the atmosphere with the help of
sounds and audio effects. Rockets blasting off into space, gun
shots, eerie music, a door creaking, explosions, brakes screeching
— such sounds are not easy to pick up in a comedy or a love
drama.
Below is a ready-made selection of
audio series that are captivating
and that will help you improve your
English.
55
Blackout. A radio DJ from a small town is forced to
protect his family after the town's entire power grid
collapses under mysterious circumstances. The
audio series shows what our world might look like
when only one radio is all that's left of technology.
Wolf 359. About the adventures of the crew on a
fictional space station that revolves around the
star Wolf 359 (BTW, it’s not fictional). Each episode
is a note from the logbook about the life of the
team, which was assigned to perform several
experimental tasks.
Mission to Zyxx. Imagine adding the absurdity and
humor of BoJack Horseman to Star Wars and Star
Trek. That would be Mission to Zyxx. What is
interesting about this audio series is that the plot
and dialogues are a complete improvisation of the
actors.
Gaslight. Danny has gone missing: at the end of
her senior year, she disappeared, leaving family
and friends, including her best friend Becca, at a
loss. The audio series begins several years after the
disappearance when an unexpected visitor turns
up on Becky's doorstep.
Homecoming. The plot revolves around the
Homecoming (Return home) organization, which is
engaged in the rehabilitation of former soldiers.
The main objective of its work remains a mystery to
everyone. The story is told through recordings of
telephone conversations and sessions with a
psychotherapist.
56
Carrier. Raylene is a truck driver. For some reason,
a customer makes strange demands on the
transportation of cargo: the trailer must be cooled
to a certain temperature, and the cargo must be
delivered to Chicago by 5 am. As soon as Raylene
sets off, she begins to suspect that some kind of
creature is hidden inside the trailer.
Victoriocity. A detective comedy. In this vast
metropolis, inspector Archibald Fleet and journalist
Clara Entwhistle investigate a murder, only to find
themselves at the center of a conspiracy of
impossible proportions.
Limetown. Journalistic investigation of a mysterious
disappearance. Ten years ago, more than three
hundred men, women, and children disappeared
from a small town in Tennessee. Nobody has ever
heard from them again. American public radio
reporter Leah Haddock tries to get to the bottom
of the incident.
The Habitat. In Hawaii, an experiment was
conducted to simulate life on Mars. Six volunteers
were isolated for a year in near-Martian conditions
so that NASA could understand what life on the red
planet is like. During the experiment, audio diaries
were kept, from which Gimlet studio created an
exciting documentary audio series.
57
USING INSTAGRAM ADVANTAGEOUSLY
Instagram is not only a source of entertainment content, a place
to discuss new memes and a platform to share photos, you can
and should also learn English on Instagram. You should also know
that learning doesn’t just mean following educational accounts,
whose posts you then scroll through without paying attention. It’s
better to subscribe to English-language content that interests you
— travel accounts, channels about nature, science, psychology,
celebrity, and influencer accounts. You can learn a lot of new
vocabulary that is actually used by natives through their posts,
and use stories to train listening and pronunciation. Here are a
couple of examples of how to turn your Instagram feed into
something that teaches you English.
58
Sin — the offense of breaking, or the breaking of, a religious or
moral law.
Sinful — against the rules of religion or morally wrong. In this case,
Dwayne Johnson sins with junk food. :)
Cheat meal — the so-called meal, which is planned to purposefully
break a diet. During a cheat meal, a person can allow themself
more than usual, most often foods we restrict on diets, like sweet
and fatty foods.
To treat oneself — to do something good and pleasurable for
yourself, but not something necessary.
To devour — to eat something eagerly and in large amounts so
that nothing is left.
59
To be beyond grateful — to be immensely grateful.
To be passionate — to have very strong feelings or emotions
about something.
To be committed — to be loyal and willing to give your time and
energy to something that you believe in.
Fellow actor — a partner, an actor-colleague.
Nominee — someone who has been nominated for something.
60
Incredible — impossible, or very difficult, to believe.
Sneak peak — a secret look at or a preview of
something.
To come out — if a book, record, film, etc. comes out,
it becomes available for people to buy or see.
61
Friendly reminder — a friendly written or spoken message
that reminds someone to do something.
Gem — a jewel (= precious stone), especially when cut into
a particular regular shape.
To embolden — to make someone brave.
62
Check out — to examine something or visit a place in order
to learn about it.
To come with — to be provided together with something.
Weightless — having or appearing to have no weight.
Sticky — made of or covered with an adhesive that stays
attached to any surface it touches.
63
LISTENING TO MUSIC AND SINGING SONGS
Music is one of the most accessible forms of art. Many people
enjoy it because it helps to distract, relax, and sometimes
meditate. However, listening to your favorite tracks is also a great
way to improve your English. While listening to songs, you learn
new words or notice how the expressions you already know are
used in a different context and change meanings. Lyrics of
modern songs are a reliable source of slang, speech patterns, and
metaphors that you will not find in books. In addition to the
practice of listening to English speech, you also expand your
vocabulary, improve your pronunciation and become more
involved in music, which is a huge part of culture!
Listen to my song «Daydreamer», read the lyrics and sing along,
of course :).
64
INA
R
A
M
A
LINGU
ER
M
A
E
R
DA YD
Linguamarina — Daydreamer
Making history
With the things I create
[And it feels so great]
So if I didn’t get paid
I’d be doing the same
[Alright, alright]
And I know I know it’s all I ever wanted
So high up, but I’m not scared of ever falling
down-down
I can do it all again the second time around
You know that you can
be anything you put your mind to
Ooh
They all called you naive
Now they’re watching your dreams
come true
Ooh
65
Daydreamer, beautiful and bold
They see your face on every billboard
Oh funny how it all works
Oh funny how it all works
I’ve got my vision so clear
No room for doubt
Every year’s a good year
When you do what you love
And I know I know it’s all I ever wanted
So high up, but I’m not scared of ever falling
down-down
I can do it all again the second time around
You know that you can
be anything you put your mind to
Ooh
They all called you naive
Now they’re watching your dreams
come true
Ooh
Daydreamer, beautiful and bold
They see your face on every billboard
Oh funny how it all works
Oh funny how it all works
66
READING IN ENGLISH
Have you ever felt like you can't put a book down? Apart from the
fact that a book can entertain you for hours, an English one will also
expand your vocabulary and improve your knowledge of grammar.
Modern literature shows real examples of how language is used
today. No matter what genre you choose, fiction, science fiction,
novels, detective stories, and even children's fairy tales, books can
teach you how to express emotions, ideas, or tell stories in English.
How to study English by reading books
Tip 1
When you see a new word, do not rush to look it up in a dictionary.
Try to guess the meaning from the context. This trains you in reading
for gist, a skill that allows you to grasp the main idea of a text
without translating individual words.
Tip 2
Do not try to read the whole book in one sitting. Speed is not
important, the quality of reading is what really matters. Books are
already divided into chapters, but if there are too many new words
and phrases, you can always break the chapter into smaller
passages.
Tip 3
Find like-minded people who love reading and also want to improve
their English. Read one book together and discuss the plot and
meaning of the book.
Tip 4
Don't forget to write down new vocabulary, phrases, and
expressions that you find interesting and sound great. Try to use
them in your speech after you finish reading.
67
SELECTION OF ENGLISH READING MATERIAL
Books, as well as films, are not strictly divided into levels, but there
are general recommendations. If you want something easy to
read, go with modern novels, classics, or fairy tales. If you want
something more difficult, then opt for non-fiction, science fiction,
and detective stories. Again, the main thing is to enjoy the
process. If you don’t know what to choose in the bookstore, then
use the selection below.
ENGLISH CLASSICS
The Story of King Arthur and His Knights by Howard Pyle
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again by J.R.R. Tolkien
The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett
The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (Chronicles of Narnia, #1)
by C.S. Lewis
Animal Farm by George Orwell
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
68
NON FICTION
Asteroids & Meteoroids by Grace Hansen
A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson
The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert
A Promised Land by Barack Obama
Unnatural Causes by Richard Shepherd
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking
21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari
NOVELS
The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros
Wonder by R.J. Palacio
Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert
Beach Read by Emily Henry
The Fault in Our Stars by John Green
Me Before You by Jojo Moyes
Red, White & Royal Blue by Casey McQuiston
The Unhoneymooners by Christina Lauren
When You Get the Chance by Emma Lord
Running Wild by K.A. Tucker
The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky
69
DETECTIVES
Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie
And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie
The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson
Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn
FANTASY
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling
The Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan
The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings #1) by J.R.R. Tolkien
Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones
American Gods by Neil Gaiman
Dune by Frank Herbert
Dealing with Dragons by Patricia C. Wrede
The Ocean at the End of the Lane by Neil Gaiman
70
STUDYING NEW VOCABULARY
Vocabulary is the foundation of a language. Even if you have just
started learning English and do not understand grammar, it is a
wide vocabulary that will help you make an order in a cafe or ask
for directions abroad. Learning new vocabulary also helps improve
all four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In
short, if you want to upgrade your English on all fronts, start by
learning new vocabulary. The cards "1000 words you need to know
at the Intermediate level" will help you with this. They contain
vocabulary that is most often found both in the everyday speech of
native speakers and in print media, films, on television. Basically
everything around us! Having mastered these words, you will be
able to upgrade your vocabulary to a confident Intermediate.
Improve your vocabulary and notice how your understanding and
communication in English improve!
71
GRAMMAR CHECKLISTS
Now let's move on to grammar! This part of English is like broccoli
on the shelf next to sweets, it may not be one of our
favorites. Well, it should be the other way around! After all, no
matter how incomprehensible and complex it may seem, it is
grammar that helps us organize words to form correct sentences.
Although many may disagree, the grammar is not so difficult to
understand. See for yourself. Here are checklists, in which we’ve
sorted out all the important and complex grammatical topics.
ENGLISH TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + verb
Subject + do not (don’t)
+ verb
Question word + do +
subject + verb
We meet every other
week to catch up on
all the news.
We don’t meet every
other week to catch up
on all the news.
How often do you meet
to catch up on all the
news?
Subject + verb + -s
Subject + does not
(doesn’t) + verb
Question word + does +
subject + verb
She enjoys listening to
classical music.
She doesn’t enjoy
listening to classical
music.
Does she enjoy listening
to classical music?
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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + AM + verb +
-ing
Subject + AM NOT +
verb + -ing
Question word + AM +
subject + verb + -ing
I’m reading this
guidebook now.
I’m not reading a
guidebook now.
What am I reading
now?
Subject + ARE + verb +
-ing
Subject + ARE NOT +
verb + -ing
Question word + ARE +
subject + verb + -ing
We’re going to a party
today.
We aren’t going to a
party today.
Are we going to a party
today?
Subject + IS + verb +
-ing
Subject + IS NOT + verb
+ - ing
Question word + IS +
subject + verb + -ing
Derek is watching
a match now.
Derek isn’t watching a
match now
What is he watching
now?
PRESENT PERFECT
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + have + verb in
past participle / third
form
Subject + have not
(haven’t) + verb in past
participle / third form
Question word + have +
subject + verb in past
participle / third form
I’ve been here
before.
I haven’t been
here yet.
How long have you
been here?
Subject + has + verb in
past participle / third
form
Subject + has not
(hasn’t) + verb in past
participle / third form
Question word + has +
subject + verb in past
participle / third form
Marie has been kinda
sad lately.
Marie hasn’t been
happy lately.
How has she felt
lately?
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PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + have + been +
verb + -ing
Subject + have not
(haven’t) + been + verb
+ - ing
Question word + have +
subject + been + verb +
- ing
I’ve been studying
all night.
You haven’t been
studying all night.
How long have you
been studying?
Subject + has + been +
verb + -ing
Subject + has not
(hasn’t) + been + verb +
-ing
Question word + has +
subject + been + verb +
- ing
Lucie has been
acting weird.
She hasn’t been
acting weird.
Why has she been
acting so weird?
PAST SIMPLE
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + verb in
participle /
second form
Subject + did not
(didn’t) + verb
Question word + did +
subject + verb
Katie got a new
dress yesterday.
Katie didn’t get
anything yesterday.
What did she get
yesterday?
74
PAST PROGRESSIVE
I
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
WE
THEY
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + WAS + verb +
- ing
Subject + WAS NOT
(WASN’T) + verb + -ing
Question word + WAS +
subject + verb + -ing
She was doing her
homework at that
moment.
She wasn’t paying
attention
What was she doing
when he came in?
Subject + WERE + verb
+ - ing
Subject + WERE NOT
(WEREN’T) + verb + -ing
Question word + WERE
+ subject + verb + -ing
They were searching for
their friend.
They weren’t searching
for their friend.
Who were they
searching for?
PAST PERFECT
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + had +
verb in past
participle / third
form
Subject + had not
(hadn’t) + verb in past
participle / third form
Verb + had + subject +
verb in past participle /
third form
Jared had called
his girlfriend
before going to
her place.
He hadn’t called his
girlfriend before going
to her place
Had Jared called his
girlfriend before going
to her place?
75
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + had +
been + verb +
-ing
Subject + had not
(hadn’t) + been + verb +
-ing
Question word + had +
subject + been + verb +
-ing
Marie had been
asking John for
ages before he
agreed to help
her.
Marie hadn’t been
asking John for ages
before he agreed to
help her
How long had Marie
been asking John for
ages before he agreed
to help her?
FUTURE SIMPLE
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + will +
verb
Subject + will not
(won’t) + verb
Question word + will +
subject + verb
I’ll get some milk
on the way back
home.
I won’t disappoint you,
I promise.
Will you help me?
76
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + WILL +
BE + verb + -ing
Subject + will not
(won’t) + BE + verb + ing
Question word + will +
subject + BE + verb + ing
John will be
working from
9 to 6 tomorrow.
John won’t be working
from 9 to 6 tomorrow.
Will he be working from
9 to 6 tomorrow?
FUTURE PERFECT
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + WILL +
HAVE + verb in
past participle /
third form
Subject + WILL NOT
(won't) + HAVE + verb in
past participle / third
form
Question word + WILL +
subject + HAVE + past
participle / third form
John will have
completed this
task by
tomorrow.
John won’t have
completed this task
by tomorrow.
Will he have
completed this task
by tomorrow?
77
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Subject
of any
gender
and
number
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Subject + will +
have + been +
verb + -ing
Subject + will not
(won’t) + have + been +
verb + -ing
Question word + will +
subject + have + been +
verb + -ing
Next month, I will
have been working
here for 2 years.
Next month, I won’t
have been working here
for 2 years.
How long will you have
been working here
for next month?
78
SIGNAL WORDS
PRESENT
SIMPLE
PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
§ usually
§ every (day, week, etc.)
§ often
§ seldom, rarely
§ always
§ never
§ sometimes
§ as a rule
§ hardly ever
§ on Sunday
§ in May
§ annually
§ now
§ right now
§ at the moment
§ at this very moment
§ today
§ still
§ this week/month
§ ever
§ never
§ just
§ already
§ yet
§ recently
§ lately
§ before
§ always
§ so far
§ at last
§ it’s the first time
§ Today
§ this week
(month, year, etc)
§ since
§ for
§ how long
§ all my life all
§ morning
§ how long?
§ for
§ for ages
§ recently
§ lately
§ since
§ all my life
§ all day long
§ all morning
Venya teaches English
every day.
I rarely forget to pay the
bills on time.
We have a medical
check-up annually.
The weather is looking
pretty good today.
I am living at my friends’
place this month.
He is still doing his task
I have done quite a lot
of homework already.
Sarah has never been to
Portugal.
Have you completed
your project yet?
It feels like I have been
studying for ages.
She has been working on
this project all day long.
She’s been spending too
much time alone lately.
79
PAST
SIMPLE
PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
§ yesterday
§ the day before
§ yesterday last week
(month, year, etc.)
§ a week (a month, a
year, etc.) ago
§ the other day
§ in 1994
§ once
§ when
§ at 7 o’clock yesterday
§ from 7 till 9 yesterday
§ the whole evening (day,
night, etc.)
§ yesterday at this time
§ yesterday when
§ someone did something
§ while still
Venya posted a really
informative video
yesterday.
She was here last week.
He graduated Harvard
2 years ago.
I was memorizing new
words when my mom
came home.
We were studying the
whole day yesterday.
At this time yesterday,
I was doing the dishes.
§ by 5 o’clock yesterday
§ when someone did
something
§ already
§ just
§ yet
§ before/by the time
someone did
§ something it was the
first time
I had finished my
homework by 6 in the
morning yesterday.
§ how long?
§ for
§ for ages
§ Recently
§ Lately
§ Since
§ all my life
§ all day long
§ all morning
I had been working there
for 10 years before I got
the promotion.
Kate had finished her
dinner by the time I came
home.
It was the first time he
had ever lied to his wife.
They had been running
that company since 1994.
They had been waiting for
you all day long
80
FUTURE
SIMPLE
PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
§ tomorrow
§ the day after tomorrow
§ next week
(month, year, etc.)
§ in an hour
(second, minute, etc.)
§ in the 22nd century
§ soon
§ Later
§ some day
§ at 3 o’clock tomorrow
§ from 3 till 6 tomorrow
§ still
§ the whole evening (day,
night, etc.)
§ tomorrow
§ at this time tomorrow
§ when somebody does
something
§ while
§ by 5 o’clock tomorrow
§ when someone does
something +
already/yet
§ before/by the time
someone does
something
§ for
§ since
§ by/at some point in the
future ...for
I will finish my essay
tomorrow.
She will be asleep in
a minute.
Some day he will be
rich and famous.
I will be having lunch with
that beautiful girl at 12
tomorrow.
She will be smiling the
whole day tomorrow.
When you come back,
I’ll be sleeping probably.
I will have finished my work
by midnight tomorrow.
By the time you read this,
I will have left.
When you complete your
freshman year at
university, I will have
already graduated.
At 5 o’clock, I will have
been waiting here for 2
hours.
By 2020, I will have been
living in England for 10
years.
81
ARTICLES
NOUN
Сountable
noun
Singular
First time
or not
specific
Has been
mentioned
or specific
Uncountable
noun
I don’t
know
Plural
First time
or not
specific
Has been
mentioned
or specific
First time or
not specific
Has been
mentioned
or specific
No article
Use the
Do you drink
wine?
Use a
I need a pencil.
Do you
have
a dog?
Use the
The cat has
has left.
I went to
the dentist
yesterday.
I hope you
have a
good
vacation!
Please
turn off
the light.
She has an
orange for
breakfast
everyday!
Where’s the
pencil I
gave you
yesterday?
No article
Use the
Some
people
don’t like
children.
My cat tried
to catch the
butterflies in
our garden.
Trucks are
not allowed
on German
highways
on Sundays.
The children
got wet
when it
started to
rain.
Put the
books on
the table.
Every living
being needs
water.
The wine I
drank last
night made
me sleepy.
Don’t drink the
water in that
bottle.
If a noun ends with an- s,
it is most likely a plural noun!
There are exceptions, but you
can always look it up in the
dictionary.
82
MODAL VERBS
VERB
CAN
COULD
WOULD
MAY
WHAT TO USE FOR
EXAMPLE
§
Describe mental and
physical abilities
§
§
Allow someone to do
something
§
§
Past form of the verb
CAN. We can use it to
describe physical and
mental abilities in the
past
§
Nick could run a
marathon when he was
in his twenties.
§
Mike could be out with
his friends but instead
he's studying.
§
Could you tell me
where the post office
is?
§
Describe possible
hypothetical situations
Sarah can easily get
around an unknown
city.
You can go out with
your friends when you
finish your homework.
§
Politely request or ask
about something
§
Suggest an idea
§
We could rent a bigger
apartment when we
have a baby.
§
Politely ask for
something or offer
something
§
Would you mind if I
open the window?
§
§
Express preferences
I’d like a cup of strong
coffee, please.
§
Describe past habits
that we don't have
anymore (Be careful —
WOULD can only be
used in this meaning
only with active verbs)
§
Nick would often
daydream during his
lessons when he was
at school.
§
Politely request
something
§
May I leave a bit earlier
today?
§
Allow something
§
You may go as soon as
you are finished.
§
Speculate about
something about
something
§
Lucie may take a gap
year, I am not sure.
83
§
Express possibility of
doing something
§
I might watch a movie
in the evening.
§
Give or ask for advice
§
§
Make assumptions
based on some facts
You should practice
English more,
especially speaking.
§
The turkey should be
ready soon. It’s been
cooking for 2 hours
now.
§
I must be careful when
driving.
§
Jackie must be busy
at the moment, that’s
why she isn’t
answering your calls.
MIGHT
SHOULD
§
MUST
§
Express strong
possibility (99%)
§
Express obligations
imposed by someone
else
§
I had to wear a
uniform when I was at
school.
I hated it.
§
Give advice
§
You had better stop
talking nonsense
already.
HAVE TO
HAD BETTER /
OUGHT TO
Express obligations
(usually the subject of
the sentence in this
case understands
their duties and their
importance)
84
REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
— I go to work every day.
PAST SIMPLE
She said that she went to
work every day
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
— I’m working out at the moment.
PAST SIMPLE
He said that he was working
out at that moment.
PRESENT PERFECT
— We’ve been to the USA twice.
PAST PERFECT
They said that they had been
to the USA twice.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE—
— I’ve been studying for 6 hours.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She said that she had been
studying for 6 hours.
PAST SIMPLE
— I bought a car yesterday.
PAST PERFECT
He said that he had bought a
car the day before.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
— I was watching the game.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She said that she had been
watching the game.
PAST PERFECT (НЕ МЕНЯЕТСЯ)
— I had known this before you told
me.
PAST PERFECT
She said that she had known
this before he told her.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(НЕ МЕНЯЕТСЯ)
— We had been going out for
6 months before we moved in
together.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
He said that they had been
going out for 6 months before
they moved in together.
FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL)
— I will always be by your side.
FUTURE IN THE PAST (WOULD)
She said that she would
always be by my side.
85
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
THIS
THAT
THESE
THOSE
NOW
THEN
HERE
THERE
TODAY
THAT DAY
TOMORROW
THE NEXT DAY
AGO
BEFORE
YESTERDAY
THE DAY BEFORE
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW
TWO DAYS LATER
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY
TWO DAYS BEFORE
NEXT YEAR/MONTH...
THE FOLLOWING
YEAR/MONTH...
LAST...
PREVIOUS...
86
CONDITIONALS
TYPES OF CONDITIONALS
Zero type
First type
Second type
Third type
General truths,
known facts such
as laws of nature
or accepted
norms.
A possible
condition and its
probable result.
A hypothetical
condition and its
probable result.
An unreal past
condition and its
probable result in
the past.
Real situation
Real situation
Unreal situation
Unreal situation
In the present or
always
In the present or in In the present or in In the past
the future
the future
If + V1, V1.
If + V1, will + V1.
1.
2.
3.
If I eat
1.
chocolate, my
stomach starts
hurting.
2.
If babies are
hungry, they
cry.
3.
If you heat ice,
it melts.
If it rains, we
won’t go to
the park.
If + V2, would + V1. If + had + V3,
would + have +
V3.
1.
She will be late
if the train is
2.
delayed.
If I see her, I’ll
tell her the
news.
3.
If I had enough 1.
money, I would
buy a big
fancy house.
If I lived in
Mexico, I
would speak
Spanish
fluently.
If I were you,
I would
apologize to
him.
If she had
studied
harder, she
would have
passed the
exam.
2.
If we had
taken a taxi,
we wouldn’t
have missed
the plane.
3.
If I had
married him, I
wouldn’t have
been happy.
87
MIXED CONDITIONALS
There are two types of mixed conditionals. We use the first one to
talk about an unreal past condition and its probable result in the
present.
IF CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
Third type
Second type
If + had + V3
would + V1
§ If I had spent my childhood in the US,
§ If you had looked at the map,
§ If I had won the lottery,
§ I would speak English fluently now.
§ we wouldn’t be lost now.
§ I would live in France now.
This should be changed to the rule for the second type.
IF CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
Second type
Third type
If + V2
would + have + V3
§ If he were more reasonable,
§ If I were clever enough,
§ If I could speak Spanish,
§ he wouldn't have bought such an
expensive car.
§ I wouldn’t have done this.
§ I would have moved to Mexico
last year.
88
VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS
VERBS + PREPOSITIONS
TO
FOR
FROM
AT
Talk to
Wait for
Suffer from
Smile at
Listen to
Ask for
Recover from
Stare at
Speak to
Apply for
Borrow from
Aim at
Apologize to
Blame for
Escape from
Look at
Belong to
Care for
Graduate from
Point at
Happen to
Long for
Hide from
Laugh at
Turn to
Head for
Prevent from
Peer at
Adapt to
Admire for
Prohibit from
Arrive at
Add to
Forgive for
Protect from
Wink at
Agree to
Pay for
Retire from
Consent to
Pray for
Rescue from
Devote to
Search for
Save from
Lead to
Scold for
Separate from
Object to
Vote for
Resign from
React to
Prepare for
Distinguish from
Reply to
Wish for
Abstain from
Talk to
Work for
Infer from
Refer to
Apologize for
Stem from
ON
Agree on
Comment on
Concentrate on
Depend on
Congratulate on
Decide on
Rely on
89
ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS
ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
OF
AT
IN
FROM
Accused of
Annoyed at
Comfortable in
Absent from
Ashamed of
Amazed at
Connected in
Derived from
Aware of
Angry at
Disappointed in
Different from
Afraid of
Astonished at
Excellent in
Free from
Capable of
Awful at
Experienced in
Made from
Careful of
Bad at
Interested in
Safe from
Characteristic of
Brilliant at
Polite in
Conscious of
Clever at
Present in
Envious of
Delighted at
Skilled in
Free of
Disappointed at
Slow in
Frightened of
Excellent at
Successful in
Fond of
Excited at
Talented in
Full of
Good at
Guilty of
Lucky at
Hopeful of
Skillful at
Innocent of
Slow at
Incapable of
Surprised at
Jealous of
Terrible at
BY
Amazed by
Astonished by
Delighted by
Disturbed by
Excited by
Fascinated by
Impressed by
Puzzled by
Shocked by
90
PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal verbs are phrases consisting of a verb and a preposition,
an adverb, or a preposition and an adverb at the same time. You
can’t translate them word for word, they take on a new meaning
as a whole. You need to learn phrasal verbs in English to improve
your level of the language, read literature, understand native
speakers, take exams, and work abroad.
How to learn phrasal verbs:
§ watch videos, listen or read on a specific topic to remember
phrasal verbs in context
§ repeat orally or in writing
§ be sure to use new words in practice.
COME
BE
FALL
GET
LOOK
FALL
GIVE
GO
91
Let’s look at examples.
Be away —
be absent from
a place.
He is away
this weekend.
Be after — have
the will and
intention to
carry out some
action.
I have been after
this phone for
a long time.
Be on/off — be
turned on/off.
Is your phone
on or off now?
Be up to —
think,
contemplate.
What are you
up to?
Be over —
end, stop.
Don’t worry,
it will be
over soon.
BE
Be up —
wake up.
Be against —
be opposed
to someone
or something.
I am usually
up at 8 am.
I am against
such strict
rules.
Be for —
supporting or in
favor of someone
or something.
I am all for the new
changes to the law.
Be back —
return.
I’ll be back in
10 minutes.
92
Fall for
somebody —
fall in love with
somebody.
He was so fantastically
handsome–I just fell for
him right away.
Fall down —
fall.
The tree
started to fall
down and
they started to
run.
FALL
Fall apart —
break because
of being old or
badly made.
Their marriage
is likely to fall
apart.
Fall behind —
move more slowly than
other people so that
you are behind them.
He was ill for six weeks
and fell behind in his
schoolwork.
93
Come from —
have been
born in a
particular
place.
I come from
Spain.
Come up with
something —
think of
something
such as an
idea or a plan.
We need to come
up with a solution.
Come over —
visit someone in
the place where
they are,
especially their
house.
Could you come
over here?
Come across —
meet someone, or
to find something
by chance.
She came across
her ex-husband
yesterday.
COME
Be
Come back —
return.
When we came
back home, we
had a package
waiting at the
door.
Come off —
stop being fixed
to something.
Old paint has
come off the
wall.
Come out —
becomes
available to
buy or see.
Come by —
visit a place for a short
time, often when you are
going somewhere else.
Their new book
will come out
next week.
Are you sure you can
come by at nine?
94
Get through —
be connected
to a place by
telephone.
Get along with
someone —
like each other and
are friendly to each
other.
I don’t get along
with his friends.
Get in —
enter a room
or a car.
Excuse me,
may I get in?
The call didn’t
get through
to you.
Get to —
arrive.
I got to my
friends’ house
at 8 pm.
Be
GET
Get out —
leave a room
or a car.
I'll get out when
you stop at the
traffic lights.
Get off —
leave a bus,
plane, or train.
I got off at the
railway station.
Get over —
start to feel happy
or well again after
something bad has
happened to you.
I’m not sure I will be
able to get over this
failure.
Get up —
get out of bed after
sleeping.
I usually get up
at 7 am.
95
Give up —
stop doing
something that
you are trying to
accomplish.
The team gave
up easily.
Give away —
tell information
or facts that
you should
keep secret.
Give back —
give someone
something that
they owned or
had before.
Can you give me
my iPad back?
Give out —
give something to
several people.
They were giving
out free samples at
the supermarket.
GIVE
He always gives
away other
people’s secrets.
Give in —
stop competing or
arguing and
accept that you
cannot win.
Please, don’t
give in.
96
Go out —
leave your house and go
somewhere, especially to do
something enjoyable.
Do you want to go out for a
drink after work?
Go on —
continue
happening.
Go with —
choose
or accept
something.
This war has
been going on
for years
I think we can
go with this
suggestion.
GO
Go down/up —
increase/decrease.
The prices are
constantly going up.
Go without
something —
live without
something that
you need or would
like to have.
I'd rather go without
food than work
for him.
Go back to somebody —
return to someone, usually
after arguing or breaking up
He went back to his wife.
97
Look at —
direct your eyes
towards someone or
something so that
you can see them.
Look at yourself in
the mirror.
Look up —
try to find a
particular piece of
information by
looking in a book or
on a list, or by using
a computer.
Look it up on the
Internet.
Look after —
take care of someone or
something and make
certain that they have
everything they need.
She was asked to
to look after the dog.
What are you
looking for?
Be
LOOK
GET
Look in —
visit someone for
a short time on
your way to
another place,
especially if they
are ill or may
need help.
Before he left the
house, he looked
in on his mom to
see if she needed
more medicine.
Look for —
search for
someone or
something.
Look forward to —
feel happy and
excited about
something that is
going to happen.
I’m looking forward to
meeting you.
Look ahead —
think about what is
likely to happen, or
plan what you are
going to do in the
future.
The company is
looking ahead and
making changes to
their mission.
Look into —
try to discover the
facts about
something such as
a problem or a crime.
We’ll look into your
application.
Look back —
look behind.
Run and don’t
look back.
98
Take back —
admit that something you said
to or about someone was
wrong.
I take my words back.
Take up —
start doing something
regularly as a habit, job,
or interest.
You should take up
art classes.
Take on —
start to employ
someone.
Take down —
remove something
that was previously
put up or put in
place.
I don’t want to
take on this
person.
Take this poster
down!
TAKE
Take off —
an aircraft leaves
the ground and
starts flying.
My plane took off
at 7 o’clock.
Take after —
look or behave like
an older relative.
Take over —
begin to do
something that
someone else was
doing.
When he died, his
son took over as
CEO.
Take out —
go with someone to
a restaurant, theater,
performance, etc. and pay
for everything.
I take my wife out twice
a month.
He took after
his father.
99
Turn on/off —
make a piece of
equipment start/stop
working by pressing a
button or moving a switch.
Please, turn the TV off.
Turn up/down —
increase/decrease the amount
of sound, heat, or light produced
by a piece of equipment by
pressing a button or moving
a switch.
This is my niece singing, turn
it up!
Turn around —
move so as to face
in the opposite
direction.
We turned the car
around because
we were going
in the wrong
direction.
TURN
TURN
Turn away —
start to move
away or to face
in a different
direction.
He stared at her
and she turned
away.
Turn in —
give or return
something or
someone to an
authority.
Turn into —
change or develop into
something different.
In this story, a boy
turned into a wolf.
He caught me
lying but he didn’t
turn me in.
Turn out (to be) —
be discovered to be
something, have
something etc.
This man turned out to
be a serial killer.
100
30 DAYS OF GRAMMAR PRACTICE
1 Tenses
Exercise 1. Write what tenses are used in the sentences.
What happened? ________________
What’s going on? ________________
I never forget anything. ________________
I was sleeping all day long. ________________
The train arrives at 5 am. ________________
The train will leave in 10 minutes. ________________
I cut my finger 3 days ago. ________________
They have never been to Rome. ________________
Right now he is telling them an interesting story. ________________
I had moved to LA after living in New York. ________________
They will have finished this project by next Friday. ________________
He has not come yet. ________________
Exercise 2. Put the verb in the correct form.
When I ____ (meet) him yesterday, he ____ (eat) a pie.
By the end of next year, we _____ (produce) three tons of soap.
She ____ (love) cakes and ___ (hate) broccoli.
What _____ those people _____ (do) in the middle of the road?
I ______ (be) to the Pyramids.
When they ___ (come) home, they ____ (realize) that someone ____
(break) into their house.
I’m glad to see you! I ____ (wait) for you for 3 hours.
I ____ (listen) to the lecture carefully yesterday but I _____ (not
understand) anything.
He _____ (read) a book at 5 o’clock yesterday.
Tomorrow morning I ____ (be) busy, I _____ (play) football with my
kids.
101
Exercise 3. Put the verb in the correct form.
Look, Jim ____ (swim) across the river!
I ____ (lose) my keys when I ______ (play) basketball yesterday.
In a year, he _____ (buy) a cottage for his family.
While you ____ (sleep), your mother _____ (arrive)
I promise I ______ (not leave) you.
He can’t hang out with you, he ____ (play) hockey now.
He often ____ (bring) me flowers.
____ you ____ (see) her yesterday?
Granny ____ (teach) me English when I ____ (be) seven.
When I ___ (come) home yesterday, my brother ____ (sleep).
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
Do you wearing a red shirt now?
________________________________________________________
I have never been in Moscow.
________________________________________________________
My brother don’t call me very often.
________________________________________________________
What are you looking at?
________________________________________________________
We will finish this project by the end of the week.
________________________________________________________
He hasn’t answered me yet.
________________________________________________________
I promise I never leave you.
________________________________________________________
She lives with her parents this week.
________________________________________________________
Mary has dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3 o’clock.
________________________________________________________
When he finally came home, the guests had already left.
________________________________________________________
102
2 Articles
Exercise 1. Put the article a/an where necessary.
I need to go to the shop to buy _____ milk and _____ loaf of bread.
Please turn on ____ radio, I'd like to listen to ____ news.
Would you like to go for _____ walk with me in the evening?
I hope you have ____ good time in ____ Moscow.
Please don't scream, I’ve got ____ headache!
I've got _____ good idea. Let’s buy _____ new car.
He was late, I had to wait for him for half _____ hour.
_____ my brother works 6 days ______ week.
Exercise 2. Put the article the where necessary.
After living in ____ Portugal for a year he could speak _____
Portuguese fluently.
My dad likes to read _____ Times in the mornings.
I heard about an interesting film. _____ film is called “Titanic”.
Open ___ door and turn on ___ light.
Which is _____ shortest month of _____ year?
______ Earth is our home, we need to keep it clean for future
generations.
She left a book in class so she had to return to _____ university
to get it.
You will always find some interesting books in _____ library.
103
Exercise 3. Put an appropriate article, a/an or the.
_____ Smiths have a dog and a cat.
She was the first woman to swim across _____ English Channel.
At the end of _____ busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your
energy.
She has got _____ terrible _______ headache.
I had ________ very interesting holiday in England.
My mother is ______ accountant and my father is _____ lawyer.
They work in ____ same company in _____ center of ______ our
town.
Ann has been looking for ______ job for ______ long time.
Yesterday, I bought _______ pair of ______ shoes. Unfortunately
_____ shoes are too tight.
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
It is evident that the people want peace.
________________________________________________________
The acting was poor, but we enjoyed a music.
________________________________________________________
Bring milk from the kitchen.
________________________________________________________
Tell her truth.
________________________________________________________
Against her parents’ wishes, she wants to be the doctor.
________________________________________________________
The article was published in the Times on the May 10th.
________________________________________________________
Money, which my father gave me, is running out.
________________________________________________________
He was extremely boring fellow.
________________________________________________________
There was dead mouse in the corner.
________________________________________________________
Can you give me that book over there?
________________________________________________________
104
3 Modal verbs
Exercise 1. Choose the correct modal verb.
I’m sure he ______ do this homework tomorrow.
a) could b) will be able to c) was able to
When I was young, I ______ run for miles.
a) could b) can c) was able
You have wonderful cigars, Mr. Johnson. ______ I take one with your
permission?
a) can b) may c) am allowed
I _______ wear a suit, I had to wear a suit for the interview yesterday.
a) must b) had to c) was to
Though he could hardly speak, he ________ finish the lecture.
a) could b) was able to c) will be able to
Our car broke down and we ______ walk to the station.
a) had to b) must c) were to
You look tired. You ______ stop working so hard.
a) have to b) must c) should
You _____ come to the meeting, our CEO is very strict about it.
a) must b) have to c) are to
105
Exercise 2. Choose the appropriate verb.
You ______ (must/can) go to bed now, it’s midnight already.
He ______ (can/may) speak Spanish, he studied it at school.
She _____ (may/should) read this book, she has an exam
tomorrow.
I ______ (must/may) go home now, it’s very late.
The students ______ (must/may) use a calculator in the Math
lessons.
My mother _______ (can/should) cook many delicious dishes, our
family loves it.
My father ______ (must/can) drive a car really well.
You ____ (should/must) ask his advice, he is really good at
economics.
Kate _____ (may/can) remember a lot of words, she knows
a lot of poems by heart.
Exercise 3. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
You don’t can go to the party.
________________________________________________________
He musts call her twice a day.
________________________________________________________
Jane must to go there.
________________________________________________________
I can join you.
________________________________________________________
He not must be late.
________________________________________________________
Can his brother speak English?
________________________________________________________
You don’t must smoke here.
________________________________________________________
106
4 Reported speech
Exercise 1. Change the sentences from direct speech to
reported speech.
The secretary said, “The press conference is taking place now in
the main hall”.
________________________________________________________
My brother said, “Aunt Molly will come on Friday”.
________________________________________________________
The students said, “We had two tests last week”.
________________________________________________________
Her daughter said, “I am not listening to music now”.
________________________________________________________
My friend said, ”I have visited all these places”.
________________________________________________________
She said, “I haven't spoken to him since yesterday”.
________________________________________________________
Jane said, “I was in the library two days ago”.
________________________________________________________
The boy said, “I was not watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday”.
________________________________________________________
He said, “I will visit you next Friday”.
________________________________________________________
She said, “I will be leaving home at 10 o’clock tonight”.
_________________________________________________________
107
Exercise 2. Write the questions in reported speech.
She asked them, “When will he come back?”.
________________________________________________________
He asked, “Have you been working on this problem?”.
________________________________________________________
She asked, “Were you at the museum yesterday?”.
________________________________________________________
She asked, “When is he leaving school?”.
________________________________________________________
He asked, “Where did she buy this hat?”.
________________________________________________________
He asked, “How much did she pay for it?”.
________________________________________________________
He asked, “Has she been reading this book since Monday?”.
________________________________________________________
Jane asked, “Can anybody tell me the truth?”.
________________________________________________________
He asked, “Will you be at the party tonight?”.
________________________________________________________
108
Exercise 3. Write the quotes of famous people in reported speech.
1.
“I can’t resist anything but temptation.” (Oscar Wilde)
Oscar Wilde said that__________________________________
2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the
most important.” (Conan Doyle)
Conan Doyle said that_________________________________
3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all
be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)
Robert Stevenson wrote that ___________________________
4. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)
Benjamin Disraeli told us _____________________________
5. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful.”
(Thomas Moore)
Thomas Moore said if __________________________________
6. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never
happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)
Benjamin Franklin advised us ____________________________
109
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
The instructor asked me if I can swim.
________________________________________________________
He said me that he had been waiting for me here.
________________________________________________________
She asked me where I had lived five years ago.
________________________________________________________
Mr. Geller told that he missed his hometown.
________________________________________________________
The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left.
________________________________________________________
The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time.
________________________________________________________
He wanted to know why Julie is missing a class today.
________________________________________________________
He asked me if Jerry had been sick yesterday.
________________________________________________________
110
5 Conditionals
Exercise 1. Put the verb in the correct form.
If I see him, I ____(tell) him the news.
If she _____ (eat) all the cakes, she will get sick.
They will be furious if they ____ (hear) this.
You would learn more if you _____ (study) sometimes.
If I find уour bag, I ____ (let) you know.
If we _____ (have) nothing to do, life would be boring.
If you had called, I ____ (meet) you at the station.
The teacher will get angry if you _____ (make) many
mistakes.
9. You’ll miss the bus if you _____ (not/leave) at once.
10. If he ______ (study) better, he would have passed this exam.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Exercise 2. Match 1-8 with A-H.
1. We would have made a cake
A. we won’t go to the park
tomorrow.
2. If it rains a lot
B. if she goes to that club.
3. I would call him
C. I would move to the US.
4. She will wear this dress
D. if we had bought some eggs
yesterday.
5. They wouldn’t have cried
E. I would buy a house.
6. She will forgive you
F. if I were you.
7. If I won the lottery
G. if you call her right now and
explain yourself.
8. If I knew English well
H. if you hadn’t shouted at
them.
111
Exercise 3. Use the verbs in brackets to make
1) a real condition 2) an unreal condition
1. If I (know), I (tell) you the truth.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. If he (have) enough money, he (buy) a large house.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. She (feel) lonely if John (go) away.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. If we (can) come on Friday, we (come).
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. I (understand) Mr Gibbs if he (speak) slowly.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
112
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.
If I had enough money
________________________________________________________
If it doesn’t rain today
________________________________________________________
I’ll stay at home if
________________________________________________________
If you had called me earlier
________________________________________________________
If I left home for work earlier
________________________________________________________
If I won a prize
________________________________________________________
If I were a king/queen
________________________________________________________
If I told my parents the truth
________________________________________________________
If I were you
________________________________________________________
If I were rich
________________________________________________________
113
6 Verbs and adjectives with prepositions
Exercise 1. Match the verbs with the prepositions.
1. To apologize
on
2. To apply
to
3. To depend
from
4. To graduate
for
5. To laugh
for
6. To congratulate
from
7. To rely
at
8. To wait
on
9. To protect
for
10. To listen
on
114
Exercise 2. Match the adjectives with the prepositions.
1. To be accused
at
2. To be capable
in
3. To be angry
of
4. To be disappointed
at
5. To be amazed
by
6. To be successful
of
7. To be bad
by
8. To be skillful
in
9. To be hopeful
of
10. To be shocked
at
115
Exercise 3. Write a suitable preposition.
I hope you recover quickly _____ the illness.
It depends ______ how much money I have in my wallet.
I think that coat will shield me _______ the cold.
Soon, they must escape ______ this place.
It is unnecessary to add so much sugar _____ the milk.
When concentrating ______ something interesting, you
forget about everything else.
7. They didn’t comment ______ my behavior.
8. I apologize _____ everybody for my absence at the
conference.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Exercise 4. Write a suitable preposition.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
They are afraid ____ losing their money.
You have to be careful ____ making mistakes.
I can’t work with him. He is bad _____ everything.
I am not jealous _____ her.
I was surprised _____ your appearance.
I applied ____ the job that I saw advertised in the paper.
I was never really good ___ singing.
Who does this car belong ___?
116
ANSWER KEYS
1 Tenses
Exercise 1. Write what tenses are used in the sentences.
What happened? Past Simple
What’s going on? Present Progressive
I never forget anything. Present Simple
I was sleeping all day long. Past Progressive
The train arrives at 5 am. Present Simple
The train will leave in 10 minutes. Future Simple
I cut my finger 3 days ago. Past Simple
They have never been to Rome. Present Perfect
Right now he is telling them an interesting story. Present Progressive
I had moved to LA after living in New York. Past Perfect
They will have finished this project by next Friday. Future Perfect
He has not come yet. Present Perfect
Exercise 2. Put the verb in the correct form.
When I met him yesterday, he was eating a pie.
By the end of the next year, we will have produced three tons of soap.
She loves cakes and hates broccoli.
What are those people doing in the middle of the road?
I have been to the Pyramids.
When they came home, they realized that someone had broken into
their house.
I’m glad to see you! I have been waiting for you for 3 hours.
I was listening to the lecture carefully yesterday but I didn’t
understand anything.
He was reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday.
Tomorrow morning I will be busy, I will be playing football with my kids.
117
Exercise
Put the verb in the correct form.
Answer3.Keys
Look, Jim is swimming across the river!
I lost my keys when I was playing basketball yesterday.
In a year, he will buy a cottage for his family.
While you were sleeping, your mother arrived.
I promise I will not leave you.
He can’t hang out with you, he is playing hockey now.
He often brings me flowers.
Did you see her yesterday?
Granny taught me English when I was seven.
When I came home yesterday, my brother was sleeping.
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
Do you wearing a red shirt now? Are you wearing a red shirt now?
I have never been in Moscow. I have never been to Moscow.
My brother don’t call me very often. My brother doesn’t call me
very often.
What are you looking at? Correct.
We will finish this project by the end of the week. We will have
finished this project by the end of the week.
He hasn’t answered me yet. Correct.
I promise I never leave you. I promise I will never leave you.
She lives with her parents this week. She is living with her parents
this week.
Mary has dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3 o’clock. Mary is
having/is going to have dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3
o’clock.
When he finally came home, the guests had already left. Correct.
118
2 Articles
Exercise 1. Put the article a/an where necessary.
I need to go to the shop to buy milk and a loaf of bread.
Please turn on the radio, I'd like to listen to the news.
Would you like to go for a walk with me in the evening?
I hope you have a good time in Moscow.
Please don't scream, I’ve got a headache!
I’ve got a good idea. Let’s buy a new car.
He was late, I had to wait for him for half an hour.
My brother works 6 days a week.
Exercise 2. Put the article the where necessary.
After living in Portugal for a year he could speak Portuguese
fluently.
My dad likes to read the Times in the mornings.
I heard about an interesting film. The film is called “Titanic”.
Open the door and turn on the light.
Which is the shortest month of the year?
The Earth is our home, we need to keep it clean for future
generations.
She left a book in class so she had to return to the university
to get it.
You will always find some interesting books in the library.
119
Exercise 3. Put an appropriate article, a/an or the.
The Smiths have a dog and a cat.
She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.
At the end of a busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your
energy.
She has got a terrible headache.
I had a very interesting holiday in England.
My mother is an accountant and my father is a lawyer. They
work in the same company in the center of our town.
Ann has been looking for a job for a long time.
Yesterday, I bought a pair of shoes. Unfortunately, the shoes are
too tight.
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
It is evident that the people want peace. Correct
The acting was poor, but we enjoyed a music. The acting was
poor, but we enjoyed the music.
Bring milk from the kitchen. Correct
Tell her truth. Tell her the truth.
Against her parents’ wish, she wants to be the doctor. Against
her parents’ wishes, she wants to be a doctor.
The article was published in the Times on the May 10th.
The article was published in the Times on May 10th.
Money, which my father gave me, is running out. Correct
He was extremely boring fellow. He was an extremely boring
fellow.
There was dead mouse in the corner. There was a dead mouse
in the corner.
Can you give me that book over there? Correct
120
3 Modal Verbs
Exercise 1. Choose the correct modal verb.
I’m sure he will be able to do this homework tomorrow.
When I was young, I could run for miles.
You have wonderful cigars, Mr. Johnson. May I take one with your
permission?
I had to wear a suit for the interview yesterday.
Though he could hardly speak, he was able to finish the lecture.
Our car broke down and we had to walk to the station.
You look tired. You should stop working so hard.
You must come to the meeting, our CEO is very strict about it.
Exercise 2. Choose the appropriate verb.
You must go to bed now, it’s midnight already.
He can speak Spanish, he studied it at school.
She should read this book, she has an exam tomorrow.
I must go home now, it’s very late.
The students may use a calculator in the Math lessons.
My mother can cook many delicious dishes, and our family loves it.
My father can drive a car really well.
You should ask his advice, he is really good at economics.
Kate can remember a lot of words, she knows a lot of poems by
heart.
Exercise 3. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
You don’t can go to the party. You can’t go to the party.
He musts call her twice a day. He must call her twice a day.
Jane must to go there. Jane must go there.
I can join you. Correct.
He not must be late. He must not be late.
Can his brother speak English? Correct.
You don’t must smoke here. You must not smoke here.
121
4 Reported speech
Exercise 1. Change the sentences from direct speech to reported
speech.
The secretary said, «The press conference is taking place now in
the main hall.» — The secretary said that the press conference was
taking place then in the main hall.
My brother said, «Aunt Molly will come on Friday.» — My brother
said that Aunt Molly would come on Friday.
The students said, «We had two tests last week.» — The students
said that they had had two tests the previous week.
Her daughter said, «I am not listening to music now.» — Her
daughter said that she was not listening to music then.
My friend said, «I have visited all these places.» — My friend said
that he/she had visited all those places.
She said, «I haven't spoken to him since yesterday.» — She said
that she hadn't spoken to him since the day before.
Jane said, «I was in the library two days ago.» — Jane said that
she had been in the library two days before.
The boy said, «I was not watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday.» —
The boy said that he had not been watching TV at 8 o’clock the
day before.
He said, «I will visit you next Friday.» — He said that he would visit
me the following Friday.
She said, «I will be leaving home at 10 o’clock tonight.» — She said
that she would be leaving her home at 10 o’clock that evening.
122
Exercise 2. Write the questions in the reported speech.
She asked them, “When will he come back?”. — She asked them
when he would come back.
He asked, “Have you been working on this problem?”. — He asked
if I had been working on that problem.
She asked, “Were you at the museum yesterday?”. — She asked if
I had been at the museum the day before.
She asked, “When is he leaving school?”. — She asked when he
was leaving school.
He asked, “Where did she buy this hat?”. — He asked where she
had bought that hat.
He asked, “How much did she pay for it?”. — He asked how much
she had paid for it.
He asked, “Has she been reading this book since Monday?”. — He
asked if she had been reading that book since Monday.
Jane asked, “Can anybody tell me the truth?”. — Jane asked if
anybody could tell her the truth.
He asked, “Will you be at the party tonight?”. — He asked if I would
be at the party that night.
123
Exercise 3. Write the quotes of famous people in reported speech.
1.
“I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde)
Oscar Wilde said that he couldn’t resist anything but
temptation.
2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the
most important”(Conan Doyle)
Conan Doyle said that it had long been an axiom of his that the
little things were the most important.
3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all
be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)
Robert Stevenson wrote that the world was so full of a number
of things, he was sure we should all be happy as kings.
4. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)
Benjamin Disraeli asked us to never take anything for granted.
5. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful.”
(Thomas Moore)
Thomas Moore said if you want to be successful, you must look
successful.
6. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never
happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)
Benjamin Franklin advised us not to anticipate trouble or worry
about what may never happen and to keep in the sunlight.
124
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any.
The instructor asked me if I can swim. The instructor asked me if I
could swim.
He said me that he had been waiting for me here. He told to me
that he had been waiting for me here.
She asked me where I had lived five years ago. Correct.
Mr. Geller told that he missed his hometown. Mr. Geller told me
that he missed his hometown.
The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left. The
parking attendant directed us to park our car on the left.
The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time. The man
asked the boy to tell him what time it was
He wanted to know why Julie is missing a class today. He
wanted to know why Julie was missing a class today.
He asked me if Jerry had been sick yesterday. Correct.
125
5 Conditionals
Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form.
1. If I see him, I will tell him the news.
2. If she eats all the cakes, she will get sick.
3. They will be furious if they hear this.
4. You would learn more if you studied sometimes.
5. If I find уour bag, I will let you know.
6. If we had nothing to do, life would be boring.
7. If you had called, I would have met you at the station.
8. The teacher will get angry if you make many mistakes.
9. You’ll miss the bus if you don’t leave at once.
10. If he had studied better, he would have passed this exam.
Exercise 2. Match 1-8 with A-H.
1 - D. 2 - A. 3 - F. 4 - B. 5 - H. 6 - G. 7 - E. 8 - C.
Exercise 3. Use the verbs in brackets to make
1) a real condition 2) an unreal condition
1. If I (know), I (tell) you the truth.
If I know, I will tell you the truth.
If I knew, I would tell you the truth.
2. If he (have) enough money, he (buy) a large house.
If he has enough money, he will buy a large house.
If he had enough money, he would buy a large house.
3. She (feel) lonely if John (go) away.
She will feel lonely if John goes away.
She would feel lonely if John went away.
126
4. If we (can) come on Friday, we (come).
If we can come on Friday, we will come.
If we could come on Friday, we would come.
5. I (understand) Mr. Gibbs if he (speak) slowly.
I understand Mr. Gibbs if he speaks slowly.
I would understand Mr. Gibbs if he spoke slowly.
6 Verbs and adjectives with prepositions
Exercise 1. Match the verbs with the prepositions.
1. To apologize for.
2. To apply for.
3. To depend on.
4. To graduate from.
5. To laugh at.
6. To congratulate on.
7. To rely on.
8. To wait for.
9. To protect from.
10. To listen to.
Exercise 2. Match the adjectives with the prepositions.
1. To be accused of.
2. To be capable of.
3. To be angry at.
4. To be disappointed in.
5. To be amazed by.
6. To be successful at.
7. To be bad at.
8. To be skilled in.
9. To be hopeful of.
10. To be shocked by.
127
Exercise 3. Write a suitable preposition.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I hope you recover quickly from from the illness.
It depends on how much money I have in my wallet.
I think that coat will shield me from the cold.
Soon, they must escape from this place.
It is unnecessary to add so much sugar to the milk.
When concentrating on something interesting, you forget
about everything else.
7. They didn’t comment on my behavior.
8. I apologize to everybody for my absence at the
conference.
Exercise 4. Write a suitable preposition.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
They are afraid of losing their money.
You have to be careful of making making mistakes.
I can’t work with him. He is bad at everything.
I am not jealous of her.
I was surprised at your appearance.
I applied for the job that I saw advertised in the paper.
I was never really good at singing.
Who does this car belong to?
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FINAL THOUGHTS
Congratulations! You did it! You completed all the exercises in this
book! It's even a little sad since we've gone through so much
together. I hope this workbook has helped to motivate you to learn
English in both the traditional sense and in ways that show you how
easily English can be integrated into your life.
I know that it is difficult to remember all the information from the
book in, so be sure to revisit the information and refresh your
knowledge by following the roadmap again from time to time.
Don't forget to check out our recommended collections of videos,
movies, podcasts, and books. By making small changes every day,
you will keep your English in good shape.
We want to give you a gift for all your hard work — use the promo
code DAILYENG30 for a $30 discount on any LinguaTrip Marathon
and intensive course. This is to enable you to make progress in
English even faster.
So that all the work wasn’t done for nothing and the acquired skills
stick with you, you need to study English constantly. LinguaTrip
courses will help you maintain the regularity of classes and boost
your language skills. On our website, you will find a course for any
purpose and level: improve your pronunciation, enrich your
vocabulary, understand grammar, or prepare for an exam. What is
even more important is that learning with us will help make English
an integral part of you, and you will be able to actively use it in your
professional and everyday life.
Go to the website, choose the course you like and upgrade your
language skills!
Great job! See you soon!
Marina
BROWSE ALL COURSES
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