BSC 1005 Review Sheet
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function

The cell theory is composed of 3 parts:
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

All cells have these 6 items in common
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cell membrane – outer boundary that controls what enters and exits.
Cytoplasm – jelly fluid inside the cell.
DNA – genetic material that carries instructions.
Ribosomes – structures that make proteins.
Cytoskeleton – provides shape and internal support.
Basic metabolic processes – ability to carry out chemical reactions to maintain life.

Why do cells benefit from remaining small?
Cells benefit from being small because their high surface-area-to-volume ratio allows materials
to move in and out more efficiently.

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?
1. Cell wall
2. Chloroplast
3. Central Vacuole

Cell membranes
o
Composition: Phospholipid bilayer with protein, carbohydrates. And cholesterol.
o
Function(s): Controls what enters and leaves the cell, provide protection and support,
and helps with communication.

Organelles:
Organelle Name
Function
Misc. Notes
BSC 1005 Review Sheet
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Peroxisomes
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Stores DNA; Control cell
activities
Nuclear envelope
Makes ribosomes
Found inside nucleus
Modifies and transports
Has ribosomes
proteins
attached
Makes lipids; detoxifies toxins
No ribosomes
Modifies, sorts, and packages
Forms vesicles for
proteins and lipids
transport
Breaks down waste, old cell
parts, and macromolecules
Mainly in animal cells
Stores water, nutrients, or
Large central vacole in
waste
plant cell
Break down fatty acids and
neutralize toxins
Photosynthesis
Produce ATP through cellular
respiration
Contains enzymes to
break down hydrogen
peroxide
Only In plant cells
Powerhouse of the cell
Made of
Cytoskeleton
Provides shape, support, and
microfilaments,
movement
microtubules, and
intermediate filaments
Cell wall
Provides structure and
Found in plant, fungi,
protection outside membrane
and bacteria cells