UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
THE “look glass self” by CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
explain how a child develops the ability to grasp the role
and attitudes of other persons and visualize himself
through the eyes of others, acquiring what he/she calls
“social self”
STEPS :
1. We imagine how we appear to another person.
2. We imagine what judgement people make of us based
on our appearance.
3. We imagine how the person feels about us, based on
the judgements made of us
THE “I and Me” by GEORGE HERBERT
initially an infant sees himself or herself as her or his
own universe. He or she does not care what to other
people would to think of him or her lacks the ability to
think of the perspective of the other person. This time
that he refers to himself the “I”.
PREPARATORY - The child sees himself in the image of
his or her parents. Usually prekindergarten children think
and act like the people they often see.
SOCIALIZATION - Primarily consists of processes and
techniques obsened
STATUES AND ROLES
SOCIAL ROLES - a person can have a different roles to
play, depending upon the group he/she is in.
STATUS - defined as a person’s position in social system. It
is not a ranted position in social system. It can whether be
ascribed and achieved.
ASCRIBED STATUS - means that an individual with this
type of status has no choice to choose his/her position in
the society since this is what is given to him or/her as
his/her birth.
ACHIEVED STATUS - obtained by choice, such as a club
membership, educational degree and more.
COMPLEMENTARY STATUS - [pairs are expected to
behave in different but compatible ways.
SYMMETRICAL STATUS - two or more holders of same
status are expected to react one another in similar ways.
ROLE STRAIN - This happens when multiple expectations
are required from a single one.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
FAMILY - prime agent of socialization
PEER GROUP - ( friends/classmates ) can become more
prominent in one’s personality. A person becomes more
comfortable in showing his?her true personality to his/her
peers.
SCHOOL - plays a vital role in one’s socialization. Meets
different types of people with varrying beliefs, cultural
orientations, attitudes. Person finds most of his/her friends
here.
SOCIO-CIVIC GROUPS - church and interest groups.
Workplace
MASS MEDIA - reaches significant number of people across
ages, cultural backgrounds, and sociopolitical. Media includes
television, newspapers, radio and internet.
LESSON 8 SOCIAL PROCESSES AND SOCIALIZATION
ENCULTURATION
One of the basic social processes that happen within a
family.
defined as the manner by which a persons learns or
adopts the culture followed by his/her co-members in a
society.
ACCULTURATION
The process in which a person adapts to the influence of
another culture by borrowing many of its aspects
Denotes complete or almost total adoptation of minor
culture to the major one.
An individual learns a new culture, tending to lose entirely
his/her previously held cultural identity.
EXAMPLE : Many Filipinos believe in the philosophy of Feng
Shui. Even Non-Chinese natives follow certain Feng Shui
values, making the philosophy part of their homes, clothing, or
way of life.
COOPERATION - a form of social interaction wherein two or
more persons work together for a common end or purpose.
DIFFERENTATION - the ways through which major social
spheres become disconnected to focus on specialized roles
and create a stronger organizational framework.
AMALGAMATION - happens when two families or groups
become one through a formal union, such as marriage. It
promotes acculturation and assimilation, and is the opposite of
differentiation since it reduces the number of social units.
STRATIFICATION
hierarchial arrangements and establishment of social
categories that may evolve into social groups.
dividing the members of society into different strata.
CONFLICT AND COMPETITION
CONFLICT
a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power,
and resource.
involves individuals, groups, or a combination of both. In
most cases, conflict happens when a party fails to
communicate effectively its message to the other, creating
misunderstanding.
COMPETITION - suggests the struggle between two or more
persons or groups that can be translated to innovation in the
long run.
LESSON 9
DEVIANCE
SOCIAL
CONTROL,
CONFIRMITY,
AND
SOCIAL CONTROL AND CONFIRMITY
State of being international norms as part of social
expectations
the societies in the world have created mechanisms by
which the social behavior of people is controlled to
maintain order to re-establish order once rules have been
broken.
BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI - rules must be obeyed
1. practical utility
2. has corresponding punishments
3. brings more rewarding interactions with others.
4. believed to be sacred
5. law enforcement
DEVIANCE
reject the norms
violate the rules
FIVE FORMS by SICIOLOGIST ROBERT
MERTON (1983 )
1.INNOVATION - refers to the use of unadvised or
sometimes illegal methods to achieve social goals.
2. RITUALISM
strictly observe the norms set by the society
habit - not helping him/her to achieve goals
3. RETREATISM - happens when individuals try to escape
from achieving social goals because they cannot fulfill them.
4. REBELLION - usually observed in minorities promoting
change and introducing alternative values and institutions.
HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS, AND THE COMMON GOOD
regardless of age, gender, political affiliation and socioeconomic status.
1987 Philippine Constitution
We the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society
and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals
and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and
develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and the a regime of truth, justice, and
freedom, love equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution
Philippines strongly emphasizes human dignity
RIGHTS - privileges and entitlements a person must enjoy
in the attainment and protection of his/her human dignity.