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Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai Installation on Linux 8
Author - Rupesh Ghubade
May 11, 2025 22 minute read
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Environment Configuration Details:
OEM Software Version: Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 24ai Release 1 (24.1.0.0.0)
Operating System: Oracle Linux 8.10 64 Bit
OEM 24ai Installation Step by Step:
Part -1 : Software Downloads - Virtual Box and Linux Operating Setups.
Part -2 : Installing VirtualBox and Operating System (OEL 8.10 64 Bit).
Part -3 : Repository Database Creation
Part-4 : OEM Installation
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Part-4 : OEM Installation
Step 1: Download OEM Setup files from Oracle.
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Rupesh Ghubade in
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Step 2: Transfer OEM Setup files to target server and extract the setup files.
[oracle@oemdb oracle]$ id
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall)
groups=1002(oinstall),1003(dba)
[oracle@oemdb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@oemdb oracle]$ ls -ltr
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall
20 Feb 27 11:45 product
drwxr-xr-x
2 oracle oinstall
6 Feb 27 13:26 checkpoints
drwxrwxr-x 23 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 27 13:26 diag
drwxr-x--3 oracle oinstall
17 Feb 27 14:12 admin
drwxr-x--3 oracle oinstall
17 Feb 27 14:14 audit
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47 Feb 27 14:14 cfgtoollogs
Directory Structure Creation
export OMS_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/middleware
export AGENT_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/agent
[oracle@oemdb oracle]$ mkdir middleware agent
[oracle@oemdb oracle]$ ls -ltr
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall
20 Feb 27 11:45 product
drwxr-xr-x
2 oracle oinstall
6 Feb 27 13:26 checkpoints
drwxrwxr-x 23 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 27 13:26 diag
drwxr-x--3 oracle oinstall
17 Feb 27 14:12 admin
drwxr-x--3 oracle oinstall
17 Feb 27 14:14 audit
drwxr-x--5 oracle oinstall
47 Feb 27 14:14 cfgtoollogs
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6 10:16 middleware
6 10:16 agent
[root@oemdb ~]# cd /media/sf_Softwares/OEM/OEM_24/
[root@oemdb OEM_24]# ls -ltr
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 1669545916 Feb
01.zip
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 1921746284 Feb
01.zip
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 1624006261 Feb
01.zip
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 1532547469 Feb
01.zip
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6 15:05 V10469556 15:06 V10469536 15:06 V10469516 15:08 V1046952
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-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 1679195404 Feb 6 15:08 V1046954
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[root@oemdb OEM_24]# cp V* /home/oracle/setup
[root@oemdb setup]# chmod 777 *
[root@oemdb setup]# ls -ltr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1624006261 Mar
01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1532547469 Mar
01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1921746284 Mar
01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1679195404 Mar
01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1669545916 Mar
01.zip
6 10:20 V10469516 10:22 V10469526 10:23 V10469536 10:26 V10469546 10:31 V1046955-
Extract the setup files by oracle user. Once the extract is done, you can remove the setup
files.
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ id
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall)
groups=1002(oinstall),1003(dba)
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ unzip V1046951-01.zip
Archive: V1046951-01.zip
inflating: em24100_linux64.bin
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[oracle@oemdb
setup]$
unzip
V1046952-01.zip
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Archive: V1046952-01.zip
extracting: em24100_linux64-2.zip
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ unzip V1046953-01.zip
Archive: V1046953-01.zip
extracting: em24100_linux64-3.zip
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ unzip V1046954-01.zip
Archive: V1046954-01.zip
extracting: em24100_linux64-4.zip
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ unzip V1046955-01.zip
Archive: V1046955-01.zip
extracting: em24100_linux64-5.zip
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ ls -ltr
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1532547277 Dec
em24100_linux64-2.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1921746092 Dec
em24100_linux64-3.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1669545724 Dec
em24100_linux64-5.zip
-r-xr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 1624325096 Dec
em24100_linux64.bin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
root
1624006261 Mar
V1046951-01.zip
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-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
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V1046952-01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
V1046953-01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
V1046954-01.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
V1046955-01.zip
Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai Installation on Linux 8
root
1532547469 Mar
6 10:22
root
1921746284 Mar
6 10:23
root
1679195404 Mar
6 10:26
root
1669545916 Mar
6 10:31
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[oracle@oemdb setup]$ rm V*.zip
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ ls -ltr
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1532547277 Dec
em24100_linux64-2.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1921746092 Dec
em24100_linux64-3.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1669545724 Dec
em24100_linux64-5.zip
-r-xr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 1624325096 Dec
em24100_linux64.bin
5 15:50
5 15:50
5 15:52
5 15:53
Step 3: Run OEM EMPPREREQ_KIT to check the prerequisites before instaling OEM. This will
not perform the installation, instead it is pre-requisites checks.
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The EM Prerequisite Kit runs OEM repository prerequisites checks to ensure that you meet all the
requirements for installing or upgrading OEM. This also takes care of corrective actions automatically
when a prerequisite check fails. The EM Prerequisite Kit is also run internally by the OEM Installation
Wizard while installing or upgrading OEM, but if you want to run this before installation,you can do it
by passing parameter "EMPREREQ_KIT=true". The EM Prerequisites Kit does not perform installation,
instead it shows the missing or successful checks.
By oracle user,execute below command.
[oracle@oemdb ]$ cd /home/oracle/setup
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ ./em24100_linux64.bin EMPREREQ_KIT=true
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Step 4: Perform pre-requisites before installing OEM 24ai.
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A) Certification Matrix:
Enterprise Manager Base Platform - OMS 24.1.0.0.0 is certified on Linux x86-64 Oracle Linux 8.x
Current Operating System : Oracle Enterprise Linux 8.10 64 Bit
B) Hardware Requirement:
Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai - OEL 8.10 64 Bit
Resource
Simple
Installation
Advanced
Installation
(SMALL)
Advanced
Installation
(MEDIUM)
Advanced
Installation
(LARGE)
CPU
RAM (GB)
/u01
/tmp
2
10
28
14
4
10
28
14
6
12
28
14
6 or 12
24 or 12
28 or 28
14 or 14
B) Kernel Parameters and Shell Limits.
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[root@oemdb ~]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[root@oemdb ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@oemdb ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep -v "#"
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
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net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
#Command to reflect changes.
[root@oemdb ~]# sysctl -p
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
#Changes in limits.conf file for oracle user
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[root@oemdb
~]# About
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uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
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[root@oemdb ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@oemdb ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -v "#"
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
soft
hard
soft
hard
soft
hard
hard
soft
soft
hard
nofile
1024
nofile
65536
nproc
16384
nproc
16384
stack
10240
stack
32768
memlock
134217728
memlock
134217728
data
unlimited
data
unlimited
C) Repository Database Parameter Changes
1) Compatible Parameter:
Recommendation : The compatible instance parameter must be set to the same version value as the
database instance of the EM repository.
2) db_block_size:
Recommendation : The db_block_size instance parameter needs to be set to 8192.
3) Processes :
Recommendation : The processes parameter needs to be set to at least 300.
4) pga_aggregate_target:
Recommendation : The pga_aggregate_target parameter should be set to at least 191 MB.
5) workarea_size_policy:
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Recommendation : The workarea_size_policy parameter should be allowed to default. The default value is
AUTO.
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6) session_cached_cursors:
Recommendation : The session_cached_cursors parameter should be set to any value between 200 and
500.
7) open_cursors:
Recommendation : The open_cursors instance parameter should be set at least 300.
8) sga_target:
Recommendation : The sga_target instance parameter should be set to at least 763 MB, and twice the size
of the pga_aggregate_target setting.
9) log_buffer:
Recommendation : The log_buffer instance parameter should be set to at least 977 KB.
10) shared_pool_size:
Recommendation : The shared_pool_size instance parameter should be set to at least 429 MB or one third
of the sga_target size.
11) db_cache_size :
Recommendation : The db_cache_size instance parameter should be allowed to default. The default value
is TRUE.
12) large_pool_size :
Recommendation : The large_pool_size instance parameter should be allowed to default. The default
value is TRUE.
13 java_pool_size :
Recommendation : The java_pool_size instance parameter should be allowed to default. The default value
is TRUE.
14 streams_pool_size :
Recommendation : The streams_pool_size instance parameter should be allowed to default. The default
value is TRUE.
15) timed_statistics :
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set to TRUE, which is the default value.
16) statistics_level :
Recommendation : The statistics_level instance parameter should be allowed to default. It should never
be set to BASIC.
17) redo log size :
Recommendation : The size of the EM database instance should be 48 MB or greater. Generally, there
should be 3 or more redo logs available of this size.
18) _allow_insert_with_update_check:
Recommendation : This parameter should be TRUE for enabling backward compatibility in policy setting.
This can be set to FALSE after the Installation is complete.
19) Invalid Objects:
Recommendation: Compile invalid objects in the database selected for the EM Repository.
20) job_queue_processes :
Recommendation : The job_queue_processes instance parameter should be at least 20.
21) nls_length_semantics :
Recommendation : Set nls_length_semantics to BYTE.
22) UNDO management :
Recommendation : Set UNDO management to automatic
23) Autoextensibility for UNDO, SYSTEM, TEMP:
Recommendation : Ensure that the undo tablespace has at least one datafile set to autoextensible.
Ensure that the SYSTEM tablespace has at least one datafile set to autoextensible.
Ensure that the TEMP tablespace has at least one tempfile set to autoextensible.
24) Partitioning Option :
Recommendation : Install the partitioning option on the EM repository database.
25) remote_login_passwordfile:
Recommendation:
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26) SYSMAN and
SYSMAN_STB
schema
availability:
Recommendation : SYSMAN and SYSMAN_STB schemas should be absent before installing.
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27) Public Synonyms Existence:
Recommendation : Remove the public synonyms.
28) Mgmt Tablespaces Existence:
Recommendation : Remove the public synonyms.
29) EM schemas Existence:
Recommendation : Remove the EM schemas.
30) SQL Plan Baseline Capture:
Recommendation : The EM repository database instance parameter
optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines must be set to FALSE (or default) for EM.
31) TEMP Tablespace Existence:
Recommendation : EM Deployment needs temporary tablespace TEMP.
32) All Adaptive Features Parameters:
Recommendation : All adaptive features parameters should be unset for improved SQL performance.
alter system reset "_optimizer_nlj_hj_adaptive_join" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_optimizer_strans_adaptive_pruning" scope=both
sid='*';
alter system reset "_px_adaptive_dist_method" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_sql_plan_directive_mgmt_control" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_optimizer_dsdir_usage_control" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_optimizer_use_feedback" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_optimizer_gather_feedback" scope=both sid='*';
alter system reset "_optimizer_performance_feedback" scope=both sid='*';
D) Repository DB Listener:
Recommendation: Repository database listener should be running to connect Repository DB through OEM
portal.
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E) Required RPM
Packages
LinuxOracle
8 : DB Monitoring ORA-Errors DB Scenarios Oracle DB 23ai
Recommendation: Below RPM packages should be installed on Linux 8 server before installing OEM.
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Package Requirements for Oracle Management Service (Oracle Linux 8) :
make-4.2.1-9.el8
binutils-2.30-49.0.2.el8
gcc-8.2.1-3.5.0.1.el8
libaio-0.3.110-12.el8.x86_64
libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.0.1.el8.x86_64
sysstat-11.7.3-2.el8
glibc-devel-2.17.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.3-7.el8.x86_64
Package Requirements for Oracle Management Agent (Oracle Linux 8) :
binutils-2.30-49.0.2.el8
glibc-common-2.17-55
libaio-0.3.110-12.el8.x86_64
libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.0.1.el8.x86_64
libnsl.x86_64
sysstat-11.7.3-2.el8
make-4.2.1-9.el8
F) Minimum Patchset Version
Please note that the monimum patch release is 19.22 to install OEM 24ai.
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ su Password:
[root@oemdb ~]# cd /media/sf_Softwares/Oracle_19c/
[root@oemdb Oracle_19c]# ll
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Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai Installation on Linux 8
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 3369893688 Mar 17 19:27 p36916690_190000_LinuxHome About Me Oracle DB Monitoring ORA-Errors DB Scenarios Oracle DB 23ai
x86-64.zip
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 131979850 Mar 17 19:32 p6880880_190000_Linuxx86-64.zip
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[root@oemdb Oracle_19c]# cp p* /u01/PATCH
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ su Password:
[root@oemdb Oracle_19c]# cd /u01/PATCH/
[root@oemdb PATCH]# ll
-rwxr-x--- 1 root root 3369893688 Mar 17 19:41 p36916690_190000_Linuxx86-64.zip
-rwxr-x--- 1 root root 131979850 Mar 17 19:41 p6880880_190000_Linux-x8664.zip
[root@oemdb PATCH]# chmod 777 p*
[root@oemdb PATCH]# ll
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3369893688 Mar 17 19:41 p36916690_190000_Linuxx86-64.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131979850 Mar 17 19:41 p6880880_190000_Linux-x8664.zip
[root@oemdb PATCH]# exit
logout
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ id
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1003(dba)
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ df -TH .
Filesystem
Type Size
/dev/mapper/ol-root xfs
52G
Used Avail Use% Mounted on
26G
27G 50% /
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ ls -ltr
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-rwxrwxrwx
1 root
root
Mar
17 19:41ORA-Errors
p36916690_190000_Linuxx86-64.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131979850 Mar 17 19:41 p6880880_190000_Linux-x8664.zip
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[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ cp p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/
[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ cd OPatch
[oracle@oemdb OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@oemdb OPatch]$ cd ..
[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ mv OPatch OPatch_old
[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ unzip p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
Archive: p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
creating: OPatch/
creating: OPatch/auto/
creating: OPatch/auto/database/
creating: OPatch/auto/database/bin/
inflating: OPatch/auto/database/bin/BootStrapping.pl
....
creating: OPatch/oracle_common/
creating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/
inflating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/com.oracle.glcm.commonlogging_1.6.5.0.jar
inflating: OPatch/oracle_common/modules/common-logging-config.jar
inflating: OPatch/datapatch
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[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$
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[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ cd OPatch
[oracle@oemdb OPatch]$ ./opatch version
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OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.45
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ rm -rf p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
[oracle@oemdb dbhome_1]$ cd /u01/PATCH/
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ ll
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3369893688 Mar 17 19:41 p36916690_190000_Linuxx86-64.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131979850 Mar 17 19:41 p6880880_190000_Linux-x8664.zip
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ unzip p36916690_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
Archive: p36916690_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
creating: 36916690/
creating: 36916690/36917416/
creating: 36916690/36917416/etc/
creating: 36916690/36917416/etc/config/
...
inflating: 36916690/automation/bp1-rollback-inplace-non-rollingautomation.xml
inflating: 36916690/automation/messages.properties
inflating: 36916690/README.txt
inflating: 36916690/README.html
inflating: 36916690/bundle.xml
inflating: PatchSearch.xml
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ ll
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drwxr-x--8 oracle
159 Oct 11ORA-Errors
11:16 36916690
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
root
3369893688 Mar 17 19:41
p36916690_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
root
131979850 Mar 17 19:41
p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall
2537084 Oct 15 20:06 PatchSearch.xml
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[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ cd 36916690
[oracle@oemdb 36916690]$ ll
drwxr-x--- 4 oracle oinstall
48 Oct 11 11:17 36758186
drwxr-x--- 5 oracle oinstall
81 Oct 11 11:17 36912597
drwxr-x--- 5 oracle oinstall
62 Oct 11 11:17 36917397
drwxr-x--- 5 oracle oinstall
62 Oct 11 11:16 36917416
drwxr-x--- 4 oracle oinstall
48 Oct 11 11:17 36940756
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall
4096 Oct 11 11:20 automation
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall
5824 Oct 11 17:13 bundle.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 134032 Oct 14 15:31 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall
0 Oct 11 11:20 README.txt
[oracle@oemdb 36916690]$ cd 36912597
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ ll
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall
21 Oct 11 11:20 custom
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall
20 Oct 11 11:20 etc
drwxr-x--- 46 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 11 11:17 files
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 88918 Oct 15 15:05 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall
21 Oct 11 11:20 README.txt
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? oem
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$
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[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ env | grep ORA
Home About Me Oracle DB Monitoring ORA-Errors
ORACLE_SID=oem
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
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[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.45
Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home
: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from
: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version
: 12.2.0.1.45
OUI version
: 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location :
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2025-0317_19-55-00PM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.45
Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Oracle Home
: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from
: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version
: 12.2.0.1.45
OUI version
: 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location :
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2025-0317_19-56-53PM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches:
36912597
Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.
Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the
local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1')
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '36912597' to OH
'/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1'
ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.network.gsm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] ,
[ oracle.crypto.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.pg4appc, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
oracle.pg4mq, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.precomp.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
oracle.rdbms.ic, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4db2, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
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Oracle Enterprise Manager 24ai Installation on Linux 8
oracle.tfa, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.sdo.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
[ DB
Home About
Me Oracle
Monitoring ORA-Errors
DB Scenarios
oracle.net.cman,
19.0.0.0.0
] ,
oracle.oid.client,
19.0.0.0.0
] , [Oracle DB 23ai
oracle.xdk.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap.api,
19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.eons.bwcompat, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
oracle.rdbms.tg4msql, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.network.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ]
, [ oracle.rdbms.tg4tera, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4ifmx,
19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4sybs, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ldap.ztk,
19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.cclient, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [
oracle.options.olap, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.191.0 ] , [
oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.391.11 ] not present in the Oracle Home or a higher
version is found.
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Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.util, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.assistants.acf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.assistants.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.assistants.server, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.blaslapack, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.buildtools.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ctx, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.dbdev, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.dbjava.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.dbjava.jdbc, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.dbjava.ucp, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.duma, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.javavm.client, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ldap.owm, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ldap.security.osdt, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.marvel, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.network.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.odbc.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ons, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ons.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.oracore.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.perlint, 5.28.1.0.0...
Patching component oracle.precomp.common.core, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.precomp.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.rdbms.crs, 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.deconfig, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.oci, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.scheduler, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rhp.db, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.sdo, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.sdo.locator.jrf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.sqlplus, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.sqlplus.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.wwg.plsql, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.xdk.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.xdk.xquery, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ctx.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching Home
component
Aboutoracle.ovm,
Me Oracle 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.oraolap, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.lbuilder, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rat, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ldap.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.dv, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.xdk, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.mgw.common, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ldap.client, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.install.deinstalltool, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.oraolap.api, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.dbtoolslistener, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.drdaas, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.hs_common, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.lbac, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.sdo.locator, 19.0.0.0.0...
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ORA-Errors
Patching Home
component
19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.ldap.ssl, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.xdk.parser.java, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.odbc, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.network.listener, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.ctx.atg, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.common, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.hsodbc, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.network.aso, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.locator, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.install.plugins, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.core, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.nlsrtl.rsf.ic, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.oraolap.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.network.client, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.precomp.common, 19.0.0.0.0...
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Patching component oracle.precomp.lang, 19.0.0.0.0...
Patching component oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.201.0...
Patch 36912597 successfully applied.
Sub-set patch [29517242] has become inactive due to the application of a
super-set patch [36912597].
Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required
actions.
Log file location:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2025-0317_19-56-53PM_1.log
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ opatch lspatches
36912597;Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)
29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ sqlplus -v
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.25.0.0.0
[oracle@oemdb 36912597]$ cd /u01/PATCH
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ ls -ltr
drwxr-x--- 8 oracle oinstall
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall
159 Oct 11 11:16 36916690
2537084 Oct 15 20:06 PatchSearch.xml
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-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
root
3369893688 Mar 17 19:41
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p36916690_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root
root
131979850 Mar 17 19:41
p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
=
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[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ rm -rf *
[oracle@oemdb PATCH]$ ll
total 0
Datapatch -Verbose Command:
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2415915888 bytes
Fixed Size
8942448 bytes
Variable Size
520093696 bytes
Database Buffers 1879048192 bytes
Redo Buffers
7831552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release
19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.25.0.0.0
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
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Home OPatch]$
About Me ./datapatch
Oracle DB-sanity_checks
Monitoring ORA-Errors
[oracle@oemdb
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SQL Patching sanity checks version 19.25.0.0.0 on Mon 17 Mar 2025
08:35:12 PM IST
Copyright (c) 2021, 2025, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Log file for this invocation:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sanity_checks_20250317_203512_16281/
sanity_checks_20250317_203512_16281.log
Running checks
JSON report generated in
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sanity_checks_20250317_203512_16281/
sqlpatch_sanity_checks_summary.json file
Checks completed. Printing report:
Check: Database component status - OK
Check: PDB Violations - OK
Check: Invalid System Objects - OK
Check: Tablespace Status - OK
Check: Backup jobs - OK
Check: Temp file exists - OK
Check: Temp file online - OK
Check: Data Pump running - OK
Check: Container status - OK
Check: Oracle Database Keystore - OK
Check: Dictionary statistics gathering - OK
Check: Scheduled Jobs - OK
Check: GoldenGate triggers - OK
Check: Logminer DDL triggers - OK
Check: Check sys public grants - OK
Check: Statistics gathering running - OK
Check: Optim dictionary upgrade parameter - OK
Check: Symlinks on oracle home path - OK
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Check: Central Inventory - OK
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Check: Queryable
Inventory
dba directories
Check: Queryable Inventory locks - OK
Check: Queryable Inventory package - ERROR
Datapatch uses Queryable Inventory to get OPatch Inventory information
and create a patching installation plan.
The Queryable Inventory package is not able to retrieve OPatch
Inventory information.
Refer to MOS Note 1602089.1 for details on verifying the Queryable
Inventory package before patching.
oem:
| RESULT |
|---------|
| Failure |
|---------|
Check: Queryable Inventory external table - SKIPPED (ERROR)
Message: Skipped as previous check wasn't executed successfully.
Check: Imperva processes - OK
Check: Guardium processes - OK
Check: Locale - OK
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Refer to MOS Note 2680521.1 and debug log
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sanity_checks_20250317_203512_16281/
sanity_checks_debug_20250317_203512_16281.log
SQL Patching sanity checks completed on Mon 17 Mar 2025 08:35:17 PM IST
[oracle@oemdb OPatch]$ ./datapatch -verbose
SQL Patching tool version 19.25.0.0.0 Production on Mon Mar 17 20:35:45
2025
Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Log file for this invocation:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sqlpatch_16520_2025_03_17_20_35_45/s
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qlpatch_invocation.log
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Connecting to database...OK
Gathering database info...done
Bootstrapping registry and package to current versions...done
Determining current state...done
Current state of interim SQL patches:
No interim patches found
Current state of release update SQL patches:
Binary registry:
19.25.0.0.0 Release_Update 241010184253: Installed
SQL registry:
Applied 19.3.0.0.0 Release_Update 190410122720 successfully on 27FEB-25 02.16.44.274657 PM
Adding patches to installation queue and performing prereq checks...done
Installation queue:
No interim patches need to be rolled back
Patch 36912597 (Database Release Update : 19.25.0.0.241015 (36912597)):
Apply from 19.3.0.0.0 Release_Update 190410122720 to 19.25.0.0.0
Release_Update 241010184253
No interim patches need to be applied
Installing patches...
Patch installation complete.
Total patches installed: 1
Validating logfiles...done
Patch 36912597 apply: SUCCESS
logfile:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/36912597/25871884/36912597_apply_OEM
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_2025Mar17_20_36_33.log (no errors)
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complete
on Mon
Mar
17 20:44:55
2025
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Step 5: Start OEM 24ai Installation
Login by oracle user, go to the setup location and run below command to initiate the OEM GUI.
[oracle@oemdb ~]$ id
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1003(dba)
[oracle@oemdb ~]$ cd setup/
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ ls -ltr
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1532547277 Dec
5 15:50 em24100_linux64-2.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1921746092 Dec
5 15:50 em24100_linux64-3.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1679195212 Dec
5 15:51 em24100_linux64-4.zip
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1669545724 Dec
5 15:52 em24100_linux64-5.zip
-r-xr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 1624325096 Dec
5 15:53 em24100_linux64.bin
[oracle@oemdb setup]$ ./em24100_linux64.bin
Launcher log file is /tmp/OraInstall2025-04-11_05-42-52PM/launcher2025-0411_05-42-52PM.log.
Extracting the installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Done
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Checking monitor:
must
configured
to displayORA-Errors
at least 256
colors. Oracle DB 23ai
Actual 16777216
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Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 512 MB.
Actual 8083 MB
Passed
Checking if this platform requires a 64-bit JVM.
Actual 64
Passed (-
d64 flag is not required)
Preparing to launch the Oracle Universal Installer from
/tmp/OraInstall2025-04-11_05-42-52PM
......
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Please note that, I am ignoring "physical memory" option since this is testing environment. Do not ignore this
for actual production environment.
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Below components are default and mandatory components. Rest all are optional components. Here, we are
installing default componets only.
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Note down the passwords of Weblogic and Node Manager Users.
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Now, you have to give proper database hostname, service, and PORT so that it can connect to repository
database. Here, below are the details of OEM Repository database.
Host name: oem.localdomain
PORT : 1521
Service: oem
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Sys User Password
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You can perform installation by non-sys user as well. Here, I am selecting default option i.e. Installation by
SYS user.
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If parameters in repository database are not set to recommended values then, you will face warning or errors
in prerequisite screen. You have to fix the issues and re-run the installer as per parameter like for few
parameters, DB bounce is required.
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In this screen, you can see that all prerequisites are passed.
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Below is the informative message. Here, the parameter value is correctly set in the repository database.
Below query can be used to check NLS parameter values.
SQL> set lines 300 pages 3000
SQL> col property_name for a30
SQL> col property_value for a30
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SQL> select
property_name,property_value
from database_properties
where
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PROPERTY_NAME in('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET') order by 1;
PROPERTY_NAME
PROPERTY_VALUE
-------------------------- ----------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET
AL16UTF16
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Please note down the SYSMAN user and Agent Regitration password. This screen give the data file names and
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locations of Management, Configuration, and JVM.
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OEM requires allocation of several ports for internal communication between system components and to
provide access to the console through a browser. In the below screen, recommended port ranges have been
given for each component. By default, the first available port in the specified port range has been given.
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Please note that the minimum required physical hard disk space is 37.3 GB.
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Here, you will be prompted a pop-up box to run allroot.sh script. This will be located under OMS_HOME. You
have to open new putty session of root user and run this script. This script calls other root scripts.
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You can see the textual format of allroot.sh script as below.
[root@oemdb ~]# hostname
oemdb.localdomain
[root@oemdb ~]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@oemdb ~]# /u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home/allroot.sh
Starting to execute allroot.sh .........
Starting to execute /u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home/root.sh ......
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/u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home/install/root_oemdb.localdomain_202504-28_21-09-34-206849739.log for the output of root script
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Finished product-specific root actions.
/etc exist
Finished execution of /u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home/root.sh ......
Starting to execute /u01/app/oracle/agent/agent_24.1.0.0.0/root.sh ......
Finished product-specific root actions.
/etc exist
Finished execution of /u01/app/oracle/agent/agent_24.1.0.0.0/root.sh
......
[root@oemdb ~]#
We can see the logfile of allroot.sh script.
[root@oemdb ~]# cat
/u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home/install/root_oemdb.localdomain_202504-28_21-09-34-206849739.log
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
/etc exist
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Creating /etc/oragchomelist file...
Creating /etc/oragchomelist file...
/u01/app/oracle/middleware/oms_home
Once the allroot.sh script is completed then click OK to continue.
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Below is the final screen where you can see the URL and PORT details. Please note down the same.
Use the following URL to access:
1. Enterprise Manager Cloud Control URL: https://oemdb.localdomain:7803/em
2. Admin Server URL: https://oemdb.localdomain:7102/console
The following details need to be provided while installing an additional OMS:
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About
Meoemdb.localdomain
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1. AdminHome
Server Host
Name:
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2. Admin Server Port: 7102
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From Linux Machine, open the Firefox browser, and copy both the URLs availability. We have already noted
down the username and password to login.
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Issues faced during Installation:
1) Issue: Installation was taking longer time as many datafile resize operations were observed in alert log.
2025-04-28T20:07:56.644938+05:30
Resize operation completed for file# 3, fname
/u01/oradata/data/OEM/sysaux01.dbf, old size 880640K, new size 890880K
2025-04-28T20:07:57.586795+05:30
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...
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2025-04-28T20:07:56.644938+05:30
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Resize operation completed for file# 3, fname
/u01/oradata/data/OEM/sysaux01.dbf, old size 880640K, new size 890880K
2025-04-28T20:07:57.586795+05:30
Process termination requested for pid 269479 [source = rdbms], [info = 0]
[request issued by pid: 269619, uid: 1001]
2025-04-28T20:08:05.292709+05:30
Resize operation completed for file# 1, fname
/u01/oradata/data/OEM/system01.dbf, old size 1464320K, new size 1474560K
2025-04-28T20:09:45.051018+05:30
.....
Solution:
Since the datafile was already in AUTOEXTEND mode, resize was not needed,
but this is needed to avoid resize operations or you can resize data
files to maximum size and disable autoextensibility.
SQL> alter database datafile 8 resize 5g;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database datafile 1 resize 3g;
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Database altered.
SQL> alter database datafile 3 resize 1g;
Database altered.
2) Issue: The wait events "log buffer space" and "shared pool latch" were observed in session during
installation process.
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
|INS| SID | USERNAME| SQL_ID
| EVENT
|ET | STATUS |
BS |
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
| 1 | 290| SYS
|4z66cpjz29fcu| log buffer space
0 | ACTIVE |
|
| 1 |
10|
|
| log file parallel write|48 | ACTIVE |
|
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
|INS| SID | USERNAME| SQL_ID
| EVENT
|ET | STATUS |
BS |
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
| 1 | 290| SYS
|cdamsm7xtd4p6| log buffer space
0 | ACTIVE |
|
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
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|INS| SID | USERNAME| SQL_ID
| EVENT
|ET | STATUS |
BS |
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+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
| 1 | 290| SYS
|4t6vftg9a223b| log buffer space
0 | ACTIVE |
|
| 1 |
10|
|
| log file parallel write|48 | ACTIVE |
|
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
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+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
|INS| SID | USERNAME| SQL_ID
| EVENT
|ET | STATUS |
BS |
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
| 1 | 290| SYS
|csx5utrfc1jbf| log buffer space
0 | ACTIVE |
|
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
|INS| SID | USERNAME| SQL_ID
| EVENT
|ET | STATUS |
BS |
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
| 1 | 290| SYS
|5rx3aznhpwu28| latch: shared pool
0 | ACTIVE |
|
| 1 |
10|
|
| log file parallel write|48 | ACTIVE |
|
+---+-----+---------+-------------+------------------------+---+-------+----+
Solution:
1) Increased shared_pool size to 900MB as it was growing in
v$SGA_dynamic_components.
SQL> alter system set shared_pool_size=900m;
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2) Increased redo log file size to 300MB.
SQL> set lines 300 pages 3000
SQL> select * from v$log;
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
| GROUP# | SEQUENCE# |
BYTES
| BLOCKSIZE | MEMBERS | STATUS
|
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
|
1
|
13
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| INACTIVE |
|
2
|
14
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| CURRENT |
|
3
|
12
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| INACTIVE |
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
SQL> alter database add logfile group 4
('/u01/oradata/data/OEM/redo04.log') size 300m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 5
('/u01/oradata/data/OEM/redo05.log') size 300m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 6
('/u01/oradata/data/OEM/redo06.log') size 300m;
Database altered.
SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES,BLOCKSIZE,MEMBERS,STATUS from v$log;
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
| GROUP# | SEQUENCE# |
BYTES
| BLOCKSIZE | MEMBERS | STATUS
|
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
|
1
|
13
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| INACTIVE |
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|
2
|
14
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| CURRENT |
|
3
|
12About Me
| 209,715,200|
512
|
1
| Scenarios
INACTIVE |Oracle DB 23ai
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|
4
|
0
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| UNUSED
|
|
5
|
0
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| UNUSED
|
|
6
|
0
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| UNUSED
|
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
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SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES,BLOCKSIZE,MEMBERS,STATUS from v$log;
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
| GROUP# | SEQUENCE# |
BYTES
| BLOCKSIZE | MEMBERS | STATUS
|
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
|
4
|
15
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| CURRENT |
|
5
|
0
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| UNUSED
|
|
6
|
0
| 314,572,800|
512
|
1
| UNUSED
|
+--------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+----------+
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1Comments
Thank you for visiting my blog ! Thanks for your comment !
Milind Maskar
12 May 2025 at 08:42
Very useful
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