Perry’s
Chemical
Engineers’
Handbook
ABOUT THE EDITORS
Don W. Green is Deane E. Ackers Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and
codirector of the Tertiary Oil Recovery Project at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, where he has
taught since 1964. He received his doctorate in chemical engineering in 1963 from the University of
Oklahoma, where he was Dr. Perry’s first doctoral student. Dr. Green has won several teaching awards at the
University of Kansas, and he is a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and an Honorary
Member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. He is the author of numerous articles in technical journals.
The late Robert H. Perry served as chairman of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University
of Oklahoma and program director for graduate research facilities at the National Science Research Foundation. He was a consultant to various United Nations and other international organizations. From 1973 until his
death in 1978, Dr. Perry devoted his time to a study of the cross impact of technologies within the next half century. The subjects under his investigation on a global basis were energy, minerals and metals, transportation
and communications, medicine, food production, and the environment.
Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973, 1963, 1950, 1941, 1934 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
PERRY’S
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERS’
HANDBOOK
EIGHTH
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Prepared by a staff of specialists
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Editor-in-Chief
Don W. Green
Deane E. Ackers Distinguished Professor of
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
University of Kansas
Late Editor
Robert H. Perry
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DOI: 10.1036/0071422943
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Contents
For the detailed contents of any section, consult the title page of that
section. See also the alphabetical index in the back of the handbook.
Section
Conversion Factors and Mathematical Symbols
James O. Maloney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Physical and Chemical Data
Bruce E. Poling, George H. Thomson, Daniel G. Friend,
Richard L. Rowley, W. Vincent Wilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Bruce A. Finlayson, Lorenz T. Biegler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mathematics
Thermodynamics
Hendrick C. Van Ness, Michael M. Abbott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Heat and Mass Transfer
Hoyt C. Hottel, James J. Noble, Adel F. Sarofim, Geoffrey D. Silcox,
Phillip C. Wankat, Kent S. Knaebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fluid and Particle Dynamics
Reaction Kinetics
James N. Tilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Tiberiu M. Leib, Carmo J. Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Process Control
Thomas F. Edgar, Cecil L. Smith, F. Greg Shinskey, George W. Gassman,
Andrew W. R. Waite, Thomas J. McAvoy, Dale E. Seborg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Process Economics
James R. Couper, Darryl W. Hertz, (Francis) Lee Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Transport and Storage of Fluids
Meherwan P. Boyce, Victor H. Edwards, Terry W. Cowley,
Timothy Fan, Hugh D. Kaiser, Wayne B. Geyer, David Nadel, Larry Skoda, Shawn Testone,
Kenneth L. Walter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Heat-Transfer Equipment
Richard L. Shilling, Patrick M. Bernhagen, Victor M. Goldschmidt,
Predrag S. Hrnjak, David Johnson, Klaus D. Timmerhaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying
Larry R. Genskow, Wayne E. Beimesch,
John P. Hecht, Ian C. Kemp, Tim Langrish, Christian Schwartzbach, (Francis) Lee Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Distillation
M. F. Doherty, Z. T. Fidkowski, M. F. Malone, R. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation
Henry Z. Kister, Paul M. Mathias, D. E. Steinmeyer, W. R. Penney, B. B. Crocker, James R. Fair . . . . . . . . 14
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment
Timothy C. Frank, Lise Dahuron, Bruce S. Holden, William D. Prince, A. Frank Seibert,
Loren C. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Adsorption and Ion Exchange
M. Douglas LeVan, Giorgio Carta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Gas-Solid Operations and Equipment
Mel Pell, James B. Dunson, Ted M. Knowlton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
v
vi
CONTENTS
Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment
Wayne J. Genck, David S. Dickey, Frank A. Baczek,
Daniel C. Bedell, Kent Brown, Wu Chen, Daniel E. Ellis, Peter Harriott, Tim J. Laros, Wenping Li,
James K. McGillicuddy, Terence P. McNulty, James Y. Oldshue, Fred Schoenbrunn, Julian C. Smith,
Donald C. Taylor, Daniel R. Wells, Todd W. Wisdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Reactors
Carmo J. Pereira, Tiberiu M. Leib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Alternative Separation Processes
Michael E. Prudich, Huanlin Chen, Tingyue Gu,
Ram B. Gupta, Keith P. Johnston, Herb Lutz, Guanghui Ma, Zhiguo Su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Solid-Solid Operations and Processing
Bryan J. Ennis, Wolfgang Witt, Ralf Weinekötter,
Douglas Sphar, Erik Gommeran, Richard H. Snow, Terry Allen, Grantges J. Raymus,
James D. Litster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Waste Management
Louis Theodore, Kenneth N. Weiss, John D. McKenna, (Francis) Lee Smith,
Robert R. Sharp, Joseph J. Santoleri, Thomas F. McGowan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Process Safety
Daniel A. Crowl, Laurence G. Britton, Walter L. Frank, Stanley Grossel,
Dennis Hendershot, W. G. High, Robert W. Johnson, Trevor A. Kletz, Joseph C. Leung,
David A. Moore, Robert Ormsby, Jack E. Owens, Richard W. Prugh, Carl A. Schiappa Richard Siwek,
Thomas O. Spicer III, Angela Summers, Ronald Willey, John L. Woodward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization
Walter F. Podolski, David K. Schmalzer,
Vincent Conrad, Douglas E. Lowenhaupt, Richard A. Winschel, Edgar B. Klunder,
Howard G. McIlvried III, Massood Ramezan, Gary J. Stiegel, Rameshwar D. Srivastava,
John Winslow, Peter J. Loftus, Charles E. Benson, John M. Wheeldon, Michael Krumpelt,
(Francis) Lee Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Materials of Construction
Oliver W. Siebert, Kevin M. Brooks, Laurence J. Craigie,
F. Galen Hodge, L. Theodore Hutton, Thomas M. Laronge, J. Ian Munro, Daniel H. Pope, Simon J. Scott,
John G. Stoecker II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Index follows Section 25
Contributors
Michael M. Abbott, Ph.D. Deceased; Professor Emeritus, Howard P. Isermann Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Sec. 4, Thermodynamics)
Terry Allen, Ph.D. Senior Research Associate (retired), DuPont Central Research and Development
(Sec. 21, Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
Frank A. Baczek, B.S.Ch.E.&Chem. Manager, Paste and Sedimentation Technology, Dorr-Oliver
EIMCO (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Daniel C. Bedell, B.S.Ch.E. Global Market Manager E-CAT & Sedimentation, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO
(Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Wayne E. Beimesch, Ph.D. Technical Associate Director, Corporate Engineering, The Procter &
Gamble Company (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Charles E. Benson, M.Eng. Principal, ENVIRON International Corp. (Sec. 24, Energy Resources,
Conversion, and Utilization)
Patrick M. Bernhagen, P.E., B.S.M.E. Sales Manager—Fired Heater, Foster Wheeler North
America Corp. (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Lorenz T. Biegler, Ph.D. Bayer Professor of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University (Sec. 3,
Mathematics)
Meherwan P. Boyce, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman and Principal Consultant, The Boyce Consultancy
Group, LLC (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Laurence G. Britton, Ph.D. Process Safety Consultant; Consulting Scientist, Neolytica, Inc. (Sec. 23,
Process Safety)
Kevin M. Brooks, P.E., B.S.Ch.E. Vice President Engineering and Construction, Koch Knight LLC
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Kent Brown, B.S.Civ.E. Sedimentation Product Manager N.A., Dorr-Oliver EIMCO (Sec. 18, LiquidSolid Operations and Equipment)
Giorgio Carta, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia (Sec. 16,
Adsorption and Ion Exchange)
Huanlin Chen, M.Sc. Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
(Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
vii
Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973, 1963, 1950, 1941, 1934 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
Wu Chen, Ph.D. Fluid/Particle Specialist, Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations
and Equipment)
Vincent Conrad, Ph.D. Group Leader, Technical Services Development, CONSOL Energy Inc.
(Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
James R. Couper, D.Sc. Professor Emeritus, The Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Arkansas—Fayetteville (Sec. 9, Process Economics)
Terry W. Cowley, B.S., M.A. Consultant, DuPont Engineering (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of
Fluids)
Laurence J. Craigie, B.S.Chem. Composite Resources, LLC (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
B. B. Crocker, P.E., S.M. Consulting Chemical Engineer (Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation,
Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Daniel A. Crowl, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Lise Dahuron, Ph.D. Sr. Research Specialist, The Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid
Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
David S. Dickey, Ph.D. Senior Consultant, MixTech, Inc. (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and
Equipment)
M. F. Doherty, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of California—Santa Barbara
(Sec. 13, Distillation)
James B. Dunson, M.S. Principal Division Consultant (retired), E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co.
(Sec. 17, Gas-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Thomas F. Edgar, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas—Austin (Sec. 8,
Process Control)
Victor H. Edwards, Ph.D., P.E. Process Director, Aker Kvaerner, Inc. (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage
of Fluids)
Daniel E. Ellis, B.S.Ch.E. Product Manager, Sedimentation Centrifuges and Belt Presses, Krauss Maffei
Process Technology, Inc. (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Bryan J. Ennis, Ph.D. President, E&G Associates, Inc., and CEO, iPowder Systems, Inc.
(Sec. 21, Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
James R. Fair, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas (Sec. 14,
Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Timothy Fan, P.E., M.Sc. Chief Project Engineer, Foster Wheeler USA (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage
of Fluids)
Z. T. Fidkowski, Ph.D. Process Engineer, Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Sec. 13, Distillation)
Bruce A. Finlayson, Ph.D. Rehnberg Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Washington (Sec. 3, Mathematics)
Timothy C. Frank, Ph.D. Research Scientist and Sr. Technical Leader, The Dow Chemical Company
(Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Walter L. Frank, P.E., B.S.Ch.E. Senior Consultant, ABS Consulting (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Daniel G. Friend National Institute of Standards and Technology (Sec. 2, Physical and Chemical Data)
George W. Gassman, B.S.M.E. Senior Research Specialist, Final Control Systems, Fisher Controls
International, Inc. (Sec. 8, Process Control)
Wayne J. Genck, Ph.D. President, Genck International (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and
Equipment)
CONTRIBUTORS
Larry R. Genskow Technical Director, Coroprate Engineering Technologies, The Procter & Gamble
Company (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Wayne B. Geyer, P.E. Executive Vice President, Steel Tank Institute and Steel Plate Fabricators
Association (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Victor M. Goldschmidt, Ph.D., P.E. Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University
(Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Erik Gommeran, Dr. sc. techn. Research Associate, DuPont Central Research and Development
(Sec. 21, Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
Stanley Grossel, M.S.Ch.E. President, Process Safety & Design (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Tingyue Gu, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Ohio University (Sec. 20, Alternative
Separation Processes)
Ram B. Gupta, Ph.D. Alumni (Chair) Professor of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Auburn University (Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
Peter Harriott, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University (Sec. 18,
Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
John P. Hecht, Ph.D. Senior Engineer, The Procter & Gamble Company (Sec. 12, Psychrometry,
Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Dennis Hendershot, M.S.Ch.E. Principal Process Safety Specialist, Chilworth Technology, Inc.
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Darryl W. Hertz, B.S. Manager, Front-End Loading and Value-Improving Practices Group, KBR
(Sec. 9, Process Economics)
W. G. High, C.Eng., B.Sc., F.I.Mech.E. Consultant, Burgoyne Consultants (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
F. Galen Hodge, Ph.D. (Materials Engineering), P. E. Associate Director, Materials Technology
Institute (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Bruce S. Holden, M.S. Process Research Leader, The Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid
Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Hoyt C. Hottel, S.M. Deceased; Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Predrag S. Hrnjak, Ph.D., V.Res. Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
Principal Investigator—U of I Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center; Assistant Professor, University of
Belgrade (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
L. Theodore Hutton, B.S.Mech.&Ind.Eng. Senior Business Development Engineer, ARKEMA, Inc.
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
David Johnson, P.E., M.S.C.E. Heat Exchanger Specialist, A&A Technology, B.P. p.l.c. (Sec. 11, HeatTransfer Equipment)
Robert W. Johnson, M.S.Ch.E. President, Unwin Company (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Keith P. Johnston, Ph.D., P.E. M. C. (Bud) and Mary Beth Baird Endowed Chair and Professor of
Chemical Engineering, University of Texas (Austin) (Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
Hugh D. Kaiser, P.E., B.S., MBA Principal Engineer, PB Energy Storage Services, Inc. (Sec. 10,
Transport and Storage of Fluids)
Ian C. Kemp, M.A. (Cantab), C.Eng. Senior Technical Manager, GlaxoSmithKline (Sec. 12,
Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Henry Z. Kister, M.E., C.Eng., C.Sc. Senior Fellow and Director of Fractionation Technology, Fluor
Corporation (Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
ix
x
CONTRIBUTORS
Trevor A. Kletz, D.Sc. Visiting Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough
University (U.K.); Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University (Sec. 23,
Process Safety)
Edgar B. Klunder, Ph.D. Project Manager, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Energy (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Kent S. Knaebel, Ph.D. President, Adsorption Research, Inc. (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Ted M. Knowlton, Ph.D. Technical Director, Particulate Solid Research, Inc. (Sec. 17, Gas-Solid
Operations and Equipment)
Michael Krumpelt, Ph.D. Manager, Fuel Cell Technology, Argonne National Laboratory (Sec. 24,
Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Tim Langrish, D.Phil. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney
(Australia) (Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Thomas M. Laronge, M.S.Phys.Chem. Director, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc. (Sec. 25, Materials of
Construction)
Tim J. Laros, M.S. Senior Process Consultant, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations
and Equipment)
Tiberiu M. Leib, Ph.D. Principal Consultant, DuPont Engineering Research and Technology, E. I. du
Pont de Nemours and Company (Sec. 7, Reaction Kinetics; Sec. 19, Reactors)
Joseph C. Leung, Ph.D. President, Leung Inc. (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
M. Douglas LeVan, Ph.D. J. Lawrence Wilson Professor of Engineering, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University (Sec. 16, Adsorption and Ion Exchange)
Wenping Li, Ph.D. R&D Manager, Agrilectric Research Company (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations
and Equipment)
James D. Litster, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland
(Sec. 21, Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
Peter J. Loftus, D.Phil. Principal, ENVIRON International Corp. (Sec. 24, Energy Resources,
Conversion, and Utilization)
Douglas E. Lowenhaupt, M.S. Group Leader, Coke Laboratory, CONSOL Energy Inc. (Sec. 24,
Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Herb Lutz Consulting Engineer, Millipore Corporation (Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
Guanghui Ma, Ph.D. Professor, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process
Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China (Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
M. F. Malone, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering and Dean of Engineering, University of
Massachusetts—Amherst (Sec. 13, Distillation)
James O. Maloney, Ph.D., P.E. Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Kansas
(Sec. 1, Conversion Factors and Mathematical Symbols)
Paul M. Mathias, Ph.D. Technical Director, Fluor Corporation (Sec. 14, Equipment for Distillation,
Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Thomas J. McAvoy, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland—College Park
(Sec. 8, Process Control)
James K. McGillicuddy, B.S.M.E. Product Manager, Filtration Centrifuges and Filters, Krauss
Maffei Process Technology, Inc. (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Thomas F. McGowan, P.E. President, TMTS Associates (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
CONTRIBUTORS
xi
Howard G. McIlvried III, Ph.D. Consulting Engineer, Science Applications International
Corporation, National Energy Technology Laboratory (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and
Utilization)
John D. McKenna, Ph.D. President and Chairman, ETS International, Inc. (Sec. 22, Waste
Management)
Terence P. McNulty, Ph.D. President, T. P. McNulty and Associates, Inc. (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid
Operations and Equipment)
David A. Moore, MBA, B.Sc. President, AcuTech Consulting Group (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
J. Ian Munro, P.E., B.A.Sc.E.E. Senior Consultant, Corrosion Probes, Inc. (Sec. 25, Materials of
Construction)
David Nadel, P.E., M.S. Senior Principal Mechanical Engineer, Aker Kvaerner, Inc. (Sec. 10,
Transport and Storage of Fluids)
James J. Noble, Ph.D., P.E., CE [UK] Research Affiliate, Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
James Y. Oldshue, Ph.D. Deceased; President, Oldshue Technologies International, Inc.; Adjunct
Professor of Chemical Engineering at Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China (Sec. 18,
Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Robert Ormsby, M.S.Ch.E. Process Safety Consultant (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Jack E. Owens, B.E.E. Electrostatics Consultant, E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. (Sec. 23, Process
Safety)
Mel Pell, Ph.D. President, ESD Consulting Services (Sec. 17, Gas-Solid Operations and Equipment)
W. R. Penney, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas (Sec. 14,
Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
Carmo J. Pereira, Ph.D., MBA DuPont Fellow, DuPont Engineering Research and Technology,
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (Sec. 7, Reaction Kinetics; Sec. 19, Reactors)
Walter F. Podolski, Ph.D. Chemical Engineer, Electrochemical Technology Program, Argonne
National Laboratory (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Bruce E. Poling Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo (Sec. 2, Physical and
Chemical Data)
Daniel H. Pope, Ph.D. (Microbiology) President and Owner, Bioindustrial Technologies, Inc.
(Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
William D. Prince, M.S. Process Engineering Associate, The Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 15,
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Michael E. Prudich, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Ohio University (Sec. 20, Alternative
Separation Processes)
Richard W. Prugh, M.S.P.E., C.S.P. Senior Process Safety Specialist, Chilworth Technology, Inc.
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Massood Ramezan, Ph.D., P.E. Program Manager, Science Applications International Corporation,
National Energy Technology Laboratory (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Grantges J. Raymus, M.E., M.S. President, Raymus Associates, Inc.; Manager of Packaging
Engineering (retired), Union Carbide Corporation (Sec. 21, Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
Richard L. Rowley Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University (Sec. 2, Physical
and Chemical Data)
Joseph J. Santoleri, P.E. Senior Consultant, RMT Inc. & Santoleri Associates (Sec. 22, Waste
Management)
xii
CONTRIBUTORS
Adel F. Sarofim, Sc.D. Presidential Professor of Chemical Engineering, Combustion, and Reactors,
University of Utah (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Carl A. Schiappa, B.S.Ch.E. Retired, The Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
David K. Schmalzer, Ph.D., P.E. Fossil Energy Program Manager, Argonne National Laboratory
(Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Fred Schoenbrunn, B.S.Ch.E. Product Manager for Minerals Sedimentation, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO
(Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Christian Schwartzbach, M.Sc. Manager, Technology Development (retired), Niro A/S (Sec. 12,
Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying)
Simon J. Scott, B.S.Ch.E. President and Principal, Scott & Associates (Sec. 25, Materials of
Construction)
Dale E. Seborg, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of California—Santa Barbara
(Sec. 8, Process Control)
A. Frank Seibert, Ph.D., P.E. Technical Manager, Separations Research Program, The University of
Texas at Austin (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Robert R. Sharp, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College;
Environmental Consultant (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Richard L. Shilling, P.E., B.S.M., B.E.M.E. Vice President of Engineering, Koch Heat Transfer
Company LP (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
F. Greg Shinskey, B.S.Ch.E. Consultant (retired from Foxboro Co.) (Sec. 8, Process Control)
Oliver W. Siebert, P.E., B.S.M.E. Affiliate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Washington
University, St. Louis, Mo.; Director, North Central Research Institute; President and Principal, Siebert
Materials Engineering, Inc. (Sec. 25, Materials of Construction)
Geoffrey D. Silcox, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Combustion, and Reactors, University
of Utah (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Richard Siwek, M.S. Managing Director, President, FireEx Consultant Ltd. (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Larry Skoda, P.E. Principal Piping Engineer, Aker Kvaerner, Inc. (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of
Fluids)
Cecil L. Smith, Ph.D. Principal, Cecil L. Smith Inc. (Sec. 8, Process Control)
(Francis) Lee Smith, Ph.D., M.Eng. Principal, Wilcrest Consulting Associates, Houston, Texas
(Sec. 9, Process Economics; Sec. 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling, and Solids Drying; Sec. 22, Waste
Management; Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Julian C. Smith, B.Chem.&Ch.E. Professor Emeritus, School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell
University (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Richard H. Snow, Ph.D. Engineering Advisor, IIT Research Institute (retired) (Sec. 21, Solid-Solid
Operations and Processing)
Douglas Sphar, Ph.D. Research Associate, DuPont Central Research and Development (Sec. 21,
Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
Thomas O. Spicer III, Ph.D., P.E. Professor and Head, Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Arkansas (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Rameshwar D. Srivastava, Ph.D. Principal Engineer, Science Applications International Corporation,
National Energy Technology Laboratory (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
D. E. Steinmeyer, P.E., M.A., M.S. Distinguished Fellow, Monsanto Company (retired) (Sec. 14,
Equipment for Distillation, Gas Absorption, Phase Dispersion, and Phase Separation)
CONTRIBUTORS
xiii
Gary J. Stiegel, P.E., M.S. Technology Manager, National Energy Technology Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
John G. Stoecker II, B.S.M.E. Principal Consultant, Stoecker & Associates (Sec. 25, Materials of
Construction)
Zhiguo Su, Ph.D. Professor and Director, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of
Process Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China (Sec. 20, Alternative Separation Processes)
Angela Summers, Ph.D., P.E. President, SIS-TECH; Adjunct Professor, Department of
Environmental Management, University of Houston—Clear Lake (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Donald C. Taylor, B.S.Eng.Geol., M.S.Civ.E. Process Manager Industrial Water & Wastewater
Technology, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO (Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
R. Taylor, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University (Sec. 13, Distillation)
Shawn Testone Product Manager, De Dietrich Process Systems (Sec. 10, Transport and Storage of
Fluids)
Louis Theodore, Eng.Sc.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Manhattan College (Sec. 22, Waste
Management)
George H. Thomson AIChE Design Institute for Physical Properties (Sec. 2, Physical and Chemical
Data)
James N. Tilton, Ph.D., P.E. Principal Consultant, Process Engineering, E. I. du Pont de Nemours &
Co. (Sec. 6, Fluid and Particle Dynamics)
Klaus D. Timmerhaus, Ph.D., P.E. Professor and President’s Teaching Scholar, University of
Colorado (Sec. 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)
Hendrick C. Van Ness, D.Eng. Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Sec. 4, Thermodynamics)
Andrew W. R. Waite, P.Eng. Principal Process Control Consultant, EnTech Control, a Division of
Emerson Electric Canada (Sec. 8, Process Control)
Kenneth L. Walter, Ph.D. Process Manager—Technology, Aker Kvaerner, Inc. (Sec. 10, Transport and
Storage of Fluids)
Phillip C. Wankat, Ph.D. Clifton L. Lovell Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering, Purdue
University (Sec. 5, Heat and Mass Transfer)
Ralf Weinekötter, Dr. sc. techn. Managing Director, Gericke AG, Switzerland (Sec. 21, Solid-Solid
Operations and Processing)
Kenneth N. Weiss, P.E., Diplomate AAEE Partner and North American Director of Compliance
Assurance, ERM (Sec. 22, Waste Management)
Daniel R. Wells, B.S.Ind.E., MBA Product Manager Sedimentation Products, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO
(Sec. 18, Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
John M. Wheeldon, Ph.D. Electric Power Research Institute (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion,
and Utilization)
W. Vincent Wilding Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University (Sec. 2, Physical
and Chemical Data)
Ronald Willey, Ph.D., P.E. Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University
(Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Loren C. Wilson, B.S. Sr. Research Specialist, The Dow Chemical Company (Sec. 15, Liquid-Liquid
Extraction and Other Liquid-Liquid Operations and Equipment)
Richard A. Winschel, B.S. Director, Research Services, CONSOL Energy Inc. (Sec. 24, Energy
Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
xiv
CONTRIBUTORS
John Winslow, M.S. Technology Manager, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Energy (Sec. 24, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)
Todd W. Wisdom, M.S.Ch.E. Global Filtration Product Manager, Dorr-Oliver EIMCO (Sec. 18,
Liquid-Solid Operations and Equipment)
Wolfgang Witt, Dr. rer. nat. Technical Director, Sympatec GmbH–System Partikel Technik (Sec. 21,
Solid-Solid Operations and Processing)
John L. Woodward, Ph.D. Senior Principal Consultant, Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants,
Inc. (Sec. 23, Process Safety)
Preface to the
Eighth Edition
Perry’s has been an important source of information related to the fundamentals and practice of chemical engineering since it was first published in 1934, with John H. Perry both the initiator and editor. Several chemical
engineers, serving as editor- or coeditor-in-chief, have guided the preparation of the different editions over the
years. These include John H. Perry (first to third editions), Robert H. Perry (fourth to sixth editions), Cecil H.
Chilton (fourth and fifth editions), Sidney D. Kirkpatrick (fourth edition), Don W. Green (sixth to eighth editions) and James O. Maloney (sixth and seventh editions). Robert H. Perry was also listed as an editor for the
seventh edition, and is listed again as an editor for the current edition, although his tragic death occurred during the preparation of the sixth edition. Many of the ideas developed through his leadership during preparation of earlier editions carried over to the seventh and eighth editions. I owe much to the friendship and
mentoring of Bob Perry.
The organization of this eighth edition is much the same as for the seventh edition, although content changes
are extensive. The first group of sections includes comprehensive tables with units conversions and fundamental constants, physical and chemical data, methods to predict properties, and fundamentals of mathematics most useful to engineers. The second group, comprising the fourth through the ninth sections, covers
fundamentals of chemical engineering. The third and largest group of sections deals with processes, such as
heat-transfer operations, distillation, gas-liquid processes, chemical reactors, and liquid-liquid processes. The
last group covers auxiliary information including waste management, safety and the handling of hazardous
materials, energy sources, and materials of construction. All sections have been updated to cover the latest
advances in technology related to chemical engineering. As there are a significant number of new section editors, the material in the Handbook has been extensively revised. Section 2, which covers physical and chemical
data, has been expanded by well over 100 pages to include, among other new information, data from the
AIChE Design Institute for Physical Properties.
A large number of section editors and contributors worked on this eighth edition, and these persons and their
affiliations are listed as a part of the front material. Many of these authors are Fellows of the AIChE. I would
like to recognize two of these colleagues, Dr. Michael M. Abbott and Dr. James Y. Oldshue, who passed away
while this work was being prepared. They will be missed. A number of chemical engineering students at the
University of Kansas assisted in the preparation of the index. They are Jonathan Ashley, Andrew Becker,
Jonathan Bunn, Don Claus, Andrew Duncan, Meghan Easter, Bill Eckman, Justin Ellrich, Mehrdad Hosni,
Kaitlyn Kelly, Jennifer Lawrence, Casey Morris, Chris Roatch, Chris Sharpe, Jeremy Steeley, Daniel Theimer,
and Nick Willis. In addition, Maxine Younes, Susan Bolton, and my wife Patricia Green provided extensive secretarial assistance.
DON W. GREEN
Editor-in-Chief
University of Kansas
xv
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DOI: 10.1036/0071511245
Section 1
Conversion Factors and
Mathematical Symbols*
James O. Maloney, Ph.D., P.E. Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Kansas; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineering; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Member, American Chemical Society; Member, American
Society for Engineering Education
Table 1-1
Table 1-2a
Table 1-2b
Table 1-3
Table 1-4
Table 1-5
Table 1-6
Table 1-7
Table 1-8
CONVERSION FACTORS
SI Base and Supplementary Quantities and Units. . . . . . .
Derived Units of SI that Have Special Names. . . . . . . . . .
Additional Common Derived Units of SI . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SI Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly
Used Units to SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical
Multiples of SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions . . . . . . . . .
Common Units and Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-12
1-14
1-17
1-17
Table 1-9
Values of the Gas-Law Constant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-10 United States Customary System of Weights
and Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-11 Temperature Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-12 Greek Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1-13 Specific Gravity, Degrees Baumé, Degrees API, Degrees
Twaddell, Pounds per Gallon, Pounds per Cubic Foot . . .
Table 1-14 Fundamental Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-17
1-18
1-18
1-18
1-19
1-20
CONVERSION OF VALUES FROM
U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS TO SI UNITS
*Much of the material was taken from Sec. 1. of the fifth edition. The contribution of Cecil H. Chilton in developing that material is acknowledged.
1-1
Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973, 1963, 1950, 1941, 1934 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
TABLE 1-1
SI Base and Supplementary Quantities and Units
Quantity or “dimension”
Base quantity or “dimension”
length
mass
time
electric current
thermodynamic temperature
amount of substance
luminous intensity
Supplementary quantity or “dimension”
plane angle
solid angle
SI unit
SI unit symbol
(“abbreviation”);
Use roman
(upright) type
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
mole*
candela
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd
radian
steradian
rad
sr
*When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified; they may
be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such
particles.
TABLE 1-2a
Derived Units of SI that Have Special Names
Quantity
Unit
Symbol
Formula
frequency (of a periodic phenomenon)
force
pressure, stress
energy, work, quantity of heat
power, radiant flux
quantity of electricity, electric charge
electric potential, potential difference,
electromotive force
capacitance
electric resistance
conductance
magnetic flux
magnetic-flux density
inductance
luminous flux
illuminance
activity (of radionuclides)
absorbed dose
hertz
newton
pascal
joule
watt
coulomb
volt
Hz
N
Pa
J
W
C
V
l/s
(kg⋅m)/s2
N/m2
N⋅m
J/s
A⋅s
W/A
farad
ohm
siemens
weber
tesla
henry
lumen
lux
becquerel
gray
F
Ω
S
Wb
T
H
lm
lx
Bq
Gy
C/V
V/A
A/V
V⋅s
Wb/m2
Wb/A
cd⋅sr
lm/m2
l/s
J/kg
TABLE 1-2b
Additional Common Derived Units of SI
Quantity
Unit
Symbol
acceleration
angular acceleration
angular velocity
area
concentration (of amount of
substance)
current density
density, mass
electric-charge density
electric-field strength
electric-flux density
energy density
entropy
heat capacity
heat-flux density,
irradiance
luminance
magnetic-field strength
molar energy
molar entropy
molar-heat capacity
moment of force
permeability
permittivity
radiance
meter per second squared
radian per second squared
radian per second
square meter
mole per cubic meter
m/s2
rad/s2
rad/s
m2
mol/m3
ampere per square meter
kilogram per cubic meter
coulomb per cubic meter
volt per meter
coulomb per square meter
joule per cubic meter
joule per kelvin
joule per kelvin
watt per square meter
A/m2
kg/m3
C/m3
V/m
C/m2
J/m3
J/K
J/K
W/m2
candela per square meter
ampere per meter
joule per mole
joule per mole-kelvin
joule per mole-kelvin
newton-meter
henry per meter
farad per meter
watt per square-metersteradian
watt per steradian
joule per kilogram-kelvin
joule per kilogram
joule per kilogram-kelvin
cubic meter per kilogram
newton per meter
watt per meter-kelvin
meter per second
pascal-second
square meter per second
cubic meter
1 per meter
cd/m2
A/m
J/mol
J/(mol⋅K)
J/(mol⋅K)
N⋅m
H/m
F/m
W/(m2⋅sr)
radiant intensity
specific-heat capacity
specific energy
specific entropy
specific volume
surface tension
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity, dynamic
viscosity, kinematic
volume
wave number
TABLE 1-3
SI Prefixes
Multiplication factor
Prefix
Symbol
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018
1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012
1 000 000 000 = 109
1 000 000 = 106
1 000 = 103
100 = 102
10 = 101
0.1 = 10−1
0.01 = 10−2
0.001 = 10−3
0.000 001 = 10−6
0.000 000 001 = 10−9
0.000 000 000 001 = 10−12
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10−15
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10−18
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto*
deka*
deci*
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
*Generally to be avoided.
1-2
W/sr
J/(kg⋅K)
J/kg
J/(kg⋅K)
m3/kg
N/m
W/(m⋅K)
m/s
Pa⋅s
m2/s
m3
1/m
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
Space,† time
Length
naut mi
mi
chain
link
fathom
yd
ft
1.852*
E + 00
1.609 344* E + 00
2.011 68* E + 01
2.011 68* E − 01
1.828 8* E + 00
9.144*
E − 01
3.048*
E − 01
3.048*
E + 01
2.54*
E + 01
2.54
E + 00
2.54*
E + 01
in
in
mil
km
km
m
m
m
m
m
cm
mm
cm
µm
Length/length
ft/mi
m/km
1.893 939 E − 01
Length/volume
ft/U.S. gal
ft/ft3
ft/bbl
m/m3
m/m3
m/m3
8.051 964 E + 01
1.076 391 E + 01
1.917 134 E + 00
Area
mi2
section
acre
ha
yd2
ft2
in2
km2
ha
ha
m2
m2
m2
mm2
cm2
2.589 988 E + 00
2.589 988 E + 02
4.046 856 E − 01
1.000 000* E + 04
8.361 274 E − 01
9.290 304* E − 02
6.451 6* E + 02
6.451 6* E + 00
Area/volume
ft2/in3
ft2/ft3
m2/cm3
m2/m3
5.699 291 E − 03
3.280 840 E + 00
Volume
cubem
acre⋅ft
km3
m3
ha⋅m
m3
m3
m3
dm3
m3
dm3
m3
dm3
dm3
dm3
dm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
4.168 182 E + 00
1.233 482 E + 03
1.233 482 E − 01
7.645 549 E − 01
1.589 873 E − 01
2.831 685 E − 02
2.831 685 E + 01
4.546 092 E − 03
4.546 092 E + 00
3.785 412 E − 03
3.785 412 E + 00
1.136 523 E + 00
9.463 529 E − 01
4.731 765 E − 01
2.841 307 E + 01
2.957 353 E + 01
1.638 706 E + 01
yd3
bbl (42 U.S. gal)
ft3
U.K. gal
U.S. gal
U.K. qt
U.S. qt
U.S. pt
U.K. fl oz
U.S. fl oz
in3
L
L
L
L
L
L
Volume/length (linear
displacement)
bbl/in
bbl/ft
ft3/ft
U.S. gal/ft
m3m
m3/m
m3/m
m3/m
L/m
6.259 342 E + 00
5.216 119 E − 01
9.290 304* E − 02
1.241 933 E − 02
1.241 933 E + 01
Plane angle
rad
deg (°)
min (′)
sec (″)
rad
rad
rad
rad
1
1.745 329 E − 02
2.908 882 E − 04
4.848 137 E − 06
Solid angle
sr
sr
1
Time
year
week
h
a
d
s
min
s
h
ns
1
7.0*
E + 00
3.6*
E + 03
6.0*
E + 01
6.0*
E + 01
1.666 667 E − 02
1
min
mµs
Mass, amount of substance
Mass
U.K. ton
U.S. ton
U.K. cwt
U.S. cwt
lbm
oz (troy)
oz (av)
gr
Mg
Mg
kg
kg
kg
g
g
mg
t
t
1.016 047 E + 00
9.071 847 E − 01
5.080 234 E + 01
4.535 924 E + 01
4.535 924 E − 01
3.110 348 E + 01
2.834 952 E + 01
6.479 891 E + 01
1-3
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
Amount of substance
lbm⋅mol
std m3(0°C, 1 atm)
std ft3 (60°F, 1 atm)
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
4.535 924 E − 01
4.461 58 E − 02
1.195 30 E − 03
kmol
kmol
kmol
Enthalpy, calorific value, heat, entropy, heat capacity
Calorific value, enthalpy
(mass basis)
Btu/lbm
cal/g
cal/lbm
MJ/kg
kJ/kg
kWh/kg
kJ/kg
J/kg
Caloric value, enthalpy
(mole basis)
kcal/(g⋅mol)
Btu/(lb⋅mol)
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
Calorific value (volume
basis—solids and liquids)
Btu/U.S. gal
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
MJ/m3
kJ/m3
kJ/dm3
Btu/U.K. gal
Btu/ft3
cal/mL
(ft⋅lbf)/U.S. gal
J/g
J/g
2.326 000 E − 03
2.326 000 E + 00
6.461 112 E − 04
4.184*
E + 00
9.224 141 E + 00
4.184*
E + 03
2.326 000 E + 00
kJ/dm3
kJ/dm3
2.787 163 E − 01
2.787 163 E + 02
7.742 119 E − 02
2.320 800 E − 01
2.320 800 E + 02
6.446 667 E − 02
3.725 895 E − 02
3.725 895 E + 01
1.034 971 E − 02
4.184*
E + 00
3.581 692 E − 01
Calorific value (volume
basis—gases)
cal/mL
kcal/m3
Btu/ft3
kJ/m3
kJ/m3
kJ/m3
kWh/m3
J/dm3
J/dm3
J/dm3
4.184*
E + 03
4.184*
E + 00
3.725 895 E + 01
1.034 971 E − 02
Specific entropy
Btu/(lbm⋅°R)
cal/(g⋅K)
kcal/(kg⋅°C)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
4.186 8*
4.184*
4.184*
E + 00
E + 00
E + 00
Specific-heat capacity (mass
basis)
kWh/(kg⋅°C)
Btu/(lbm⋅°F)
kcal/(kg⋅°C)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
kJ/(kg⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
J/(g⋅K)
3.6*
4.186 8*
4.184*
E + 03
E + 00
E + 00
Specific-heat capacity (mole
basis)
Btu/(lb⋅mol⋅°F)
cal/(g⋅mol⋅°C)
kJ/(kmol⋅K)
kJ/(kmol⋅K)
4.186 8*
4.184*
E + 00
E + 00
Temperature (absolute)
°R
K
K
K
5/9
1
Temperature (traditional)
°F
°C
5/9(°F − 32)
Temperature (difference)
°F
K, °C
5/9
Pressure
atm (760 mmHg at 0°C or 14,696 psi)
µmHg (0°C)
µ bar
mmHg = torr (0°C)
cmH2O (4°C)
lbf/ft2 (psf)
mHg (0°C)
bar
dyn/cm2
MPa
kPa
bar
MPa
kPa
MPa
kPa
bar
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
Pa
Pa
Pa
1.013 250* E − 01
1.013 250* E + 02
1.013 250* E + 00
1.0*
E − 01
1.0*
E + 02
6.894 757 E − 03
6.894 757 E + 00
6.894 757 E − 02
3.376 85 E + 00
2.488 4
E − 01
1.333 224 E − 01
9.806 38 E − 02
4.788 026 E − 02
1.333 224 E − 01
1.0*
E + 05
1.0*
E − 01
Vacuum, draft
inHg (60°F)
inH2O (39.2°F)
inH2O (60°F)
mmHg (0°C) = torr
cmH2O (4°C)
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
3.376 85 E + 00
2.490 82 E − 01
2.488 4
E − 01
1.333 224 E − 01
9.806 38 E − 02
Liquid head
ft
in
m
mm
cm
3.048*
2.54*
2.54*
Pressure drop/length
psi/ft
kPa/m
2.262 059 E + 01
Temperature, pressure, vacuum
bar
mmHg (0°C) = torr
1-4
E − 01
E + 01
E + 00
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
Density, specific volume, concentration, dosage
kg/m3
g/m3
kg/m3
g/cm3
kg/m3
kg/m3
g/cm3
kg/m3
kg/m3
1.601 846 E + 01
1.601 846 E + 04
1.198 264 E + 02
1.198 264 E − 01
9.977 633 E + 01
1.601 846 E + 01
1.601 846 E − 02
1.0*
E + 03
1.601 846 E + 01
ft /lbm
U.K. gal/lbm
U.S. gal/lbm
m3/kg
m3/g
dm3/kg
dm3/kg
dm3/kg
6.242 796 E − 02
6.242 796 E − 05
6.242 796 E + 01
1.002 242 E + 01
8.345 404 E + 00
Specific volume (mole basis)
L/(g⋅mol)
ft3/(lb⋅mol)
m3/kmol
m3/kmol
1
6.242 796 E − 02
Specific volume
bbl/U.S. ton
bbl/U.K. ton
m3/t
m3/t
1.752 535 E − 01
1.564 763 E − 01
Yield
bbl/U.S. ton
bbl/U.K. ton
U.S. gal/U.S. ton
U.S. gal/U.K. ton
dm3/t
dm3/t
dm3/t
dm3/t
Concentration (mass/mass)
wt %
wt ppm
kg/kg
g/kg
mg/kg
lbm/bbl
g/U.S. gal
g/U.K. gal
lbm/1000 U.S. gal
lbm/1000 U.K. gal
gr/U.S. gal
gr/ft3
lbm/1000 bbl
mg/U.S. gal
gr/100 ft3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
g/m3
g/m3
g/m3
mg/m3
g/m3
g/m3
mg/m3
ft3/ft3
bbl/(acre⋅ft)
vol%
U.K. gal/ft3
U.S. gal/ft3
mL/U.S. gal
mL/U.K. gal
vol ppm
U.K. gal/1000 bbl
U.S. gal/1000 bbl
U.K. pt/1000 bbl
m3/m3
m3/m3
m3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
dm3/m3
cm3/m3
dm3/m3
cm3/m3
cm3/m3
cm3/m3
Concentration (mole/volume)
(lb⋅mol)/U.S. gal
(lb⋅mol)/U.K. gal
(lb⋅mol)/ft3
std ft3 (60°F, 1 atm)/bbl
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
kmol/m3
Concentration (volume/mole)
U.S. gal/1000 std ft3 (60°F/60°F)
bbl/million std ft3 (60°F/60°F)
dm3/kmol
dm3/kmol
Throughput (mass basis)
U.K. ton/year
U.S. ton/year
U.K. ton/day
Density
lbm/ft3
lbm/U.S. gal
lbm/U.K. gal
lbm/ft3
g/cm3
lbm/ft3
Specific volume
ft3/lbm
3
Concentration (mass/volume)
Concentration (volume/volume)
cm3/g
cm3/g
L/t
L/t
L/t
L/t
1.752 535 E + 02
1.564 763 E + 02
4.172 702 E + 00
3.725 627 E + 00
1.0*
1.0*
1
g/dm3
g/L
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
mg/dm3
L/m3
L/m3
L/m3
L/m3
L/m3
E − 02
E + 01
2.853 010 E + 00
2.641 720 E − 01
2.199 692 E − 01
1.198 264 E + 02
9.977 633 E + 01
1.711 806 E + 01
2.288 351 E + 03
2.853 010 E + 00
2.641 720 E − 01
2.288 351 E + 01
1
1.288 931 E − 04
1.0*
E − 02
1.605 437 E + 02
1.336 806 E + 02
2.641 720 E − 01
2.199 692 E − 01
1
1.0*
E − 03
2.859 403 E + 01
2.380 952 E + 01
3.574 253 E + 00
1.198 264 E + 02
9.977 644 E + 01
1.601 846 E + 01
7.518 21 E − 03
L/kmol
L/kmol
3.166 91
1.330 10
E + 00
E − 01
Facility throughput, capacity
U.S. ton/day
U.K. ton/h
U.S. ton/h
lbm/h
t/a
t/a
t/d
t/h
t/d
t/h
t/h
t/h
kg/h
1.016 047 E + 00
9.071 847 E − 01
1.016 047 E + 00
4.233 529 E − 02
9.071 847 E − 01
3.779 936 E − 02
1.016 047 E + 00
9.071 847 E − 01
4.535 924 E − 01
1-5
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
Throughput (volume basis)
bbl/day
3
ft /day
bbl/h
ft3/h
U.K. gal/h
U.S. gal/h
U.K. gal/min
U.S. gal/min
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
t/a
m3/d
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
m3/h
L/s
5.803 036 E + 01
1.589 873 E − 01
1.179 869 E − 03
1.589 873 E − 01
2.831 685 E − 02
4.546 092 E − 03
1.262 803 E − 03
3.785 412 E − 03
1.051 503 E − 03
2.727 655 E − 01
7.576 819 E − 02
2.271 247 E − 01
6.309 020 E − 02
kmol/h
kmol/s
4.535 924 E − 01
1.259 979 E − 04
Throughput (mole basis)
(lbm⋅mol)/h
Flow rate (mass basis)
U.K. ton/min
U.S. ton/min
U.K. ton/h
U.S. ton/h
U.K. ton/day
U.S. ton/day
million lbm/year
U.K. ton/year
U.S. ton/year
lbm/s
lbm/min
lbm/h
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
1.693 412 E + 01
1.511 974 E + 01
2.822 353 E − 01
2.519 958 E − 01
1.175 980 E − 02
1.049 982 E − 02
5.249 912 E + 00
3.221 864 E − 05
2.876 664 E − 05
4.535 924 E − 01
7.559 873 E − 03
1.259 979 E − 04
Flow rate (volume basis)
bbl/day
U.K. gal/h
U.S. gal/h
U.K. gal/min
U.S. gal/min
ft3/min
ft3/s
m3/d
L/s
m3/d
L/s
m3/s
L/s
m3/s
L/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
dm3/s
1.589 873 E − 01
1.840 131 E − 03
2.831 685 E − 02
3.277 413 E − 04
4.416 314 E − 05
4.416 314 E − 02
7.865 791 E − 06
7.865 791 E − 03
1.262 803 E − 03
1.051 503 E − 03
7.576 820 E − 02
6.309 020 E − 02
4.719 474 E − 01
2.831 685 E + 01
Flow rate (mole basis)
(lb⋅mol)/s
(lb⋅mol)/h
million scf/D
kmol/s
kmol/s
kmol/s
4.535 924 E − 01
1.259 979 E − 04
1.383 45 E − 02
Flow rate/length (mass basis)
lbm/(s⋅ft)
lbm/(h⋅ft)
kg/(s⋅m)
kg/(s⋅m)
1.488 164 E + 00
4.133 789 E − 04
Flow rate/length (volume basis)
U.K. gal/(min⋅ft)
U.S. gal/(min⋅ft)
U.K. gal/(h⋅in)
U.S. gal/(h⋅in)
U.K. gal/(h⋅ft)
U.S. gal/(h⋅ft)
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
Flow rate/area (mass basis)
lbm/(s⋅ft2)
lbm/(h⋅ft2)
kg/(s⋅m2)
kg/(s⋅m2)
Flow rate/area (volume basis)
ft3/(s⋅ft2)
ft3/(min⋅ft2)
U.K. gal/(h⋅in2)
U.S. gal/(h⋅in2)
U.K. gal/(min⋅ft2)
U.S. gal/(min⋅ft2)
U.K. gal/(h⋅ft2)
U.S. gal/(h⋅ft2)
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
Flow rate
3
ft /day
bbl/h
ft3/h
1-6
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
L/s
m3/(s⋅m)
m3/(s⋅m)
m3/(s⋅m)
m3/(s⋅m)
m3/(s⋅m)
m3/(s⋅m)
2.485 833 E − 04
2.069 888 E − 04
4.971 667 E − 05
4.139 776 E − 05
4.143 055 E − 06
3.449 814 E − 06
4.882 428 E + 00
1.356 230 E − 03
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
m3/(s⋅m2)
3.048*
E − 01
5.08*
E − 03
1.957 349 E − 03
1.629 833 E − 03
8.155 621 E − 04
6.790 972 E − 04
1.359 270 E − 05
1.131 829 E − 05
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
Energy, work, power
kcal
cal
ft⋅lbf
lbf⋅ft
J
(lbf⋅ft2)/s2
erg
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
kJ
kWh
MJ
kJ
kJ
kWh
kJ
kWh
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
J
1.055 056 E + 02
1.055 056 E + 05
2.930 711 E + 01
1.431 744 E + 01
2.684 520 E + 00
2.684 520 E + 03
7.456 999 E − 01
2.647 780 E + 00
2.647 780 E + 03
7.354 999 E − 01
3.6*
E + 00
3.6*
E + 03
1.899 101 E + 00
5.275 280 E − 04
1.055 056 E + 00
2.930 711 E − 04
4.184*
E + 00
4.184*
E − 03
1.355 818 E − 03
1.355 818 E − 03
1.0*
E − 03
4.214 011 E − 05
1.0*
E − 07
Impact energy
kgf⋅m
lbf⋅ft
J
J
9.806 650* E + 00
1.355 818 E + 00
Surface energy
erg/cm2
mJ/m2
1.0*
Specific-impact energy
(kgf⋅m)/cm2
(lbf⋅ft)/in2
J/cm2
J/cm2
9.806 650* E − 02
2.101 522 E − 03
Power
million Btu/h
ton of refrigeration
Btu/s
kW
hydraulic horsepower—hhp
hp (electric)
hp [(550 ft⋅lbf)/s]
ch or CV
Btu/min
(ft⋅lbf)/s
kcal/h
Btu/h
(ft⋅lbf)/min
MW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
W
W
W
2.930 711 E − 01
3.516 853 E + 00
1.055 056 E + 00
1
7.460 43 E − 01
7.46*
E − 01
7.456 999 E − 01
7.354 999 E − 01
1.758 427 E − 02
1.355 818 E − 03
1.162 222 E + 00
2.930 711 E − 01
2.259 697 E − 02
Power/area
Btu/(s⋅ft2)
cal/(h⋅cm2)
Btu/(h⋅ft2)
kW/m2
kW/m2
kW/m2
1.135 653 E + 01
1.162 222 E − 02
3.154 591 E − 03
Heat-release rate, mixing power
hp/ft3
cal/(h⋅cm3)
Btu/(s⋅ft3)
Btu/(h⋅ft3)
kW/m3
kW/m3
kW/m3
kW/m3
2.633 414 E + 01
1.162 222 E + 00
3.725 895 E + 01
1.034 971 E − 02
Cooling duty (machinery)
Btu/(bhp⋅h)
W/kW
Specific fuel consumption (mass
basis)
lbm/(hp⋅h)
mg/J
kg/kWh
kg/MJ
1.689 659 E − 01
6.082 774 E − 01
Specific fuel consumption (volume
basis)
m3/kWh
U.S. gal/(hp⋅h)
U.K. pt/(hp⋅h)
dm3/MJ
dm3/MJ
dm3/MJ
mm3/J
mm3/J
mm3/J
2.777 778 E + 02
1.410 089 E + 00
2.116 806 E − 01
Fuel consumption
U.K. gal/mi
U.S. gal/mi
mi/U.S. gal
mi/U.K. gal
dm3/100 km
dm3/100 km
km/dm3
km/dm3
L/100 km
L/100 km
km/L
km/L
2.824 807 E + 02
2.352 146 E + 02
4.251 437 E − 01
3.540 064 E − 01
Energy, work
therm
U.S. tonf⋅mi
hp⋅h
ch⋅h or CV⋅h
kWh
Chu
Btu
E + 00
3.930 148 E − 01
1-7
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
in/s
in/min
km/h
km/h
m/s
cm/s
m/s
mm/s
mm/s
m/d
mm/s
mm/s
1.852*
E + 00
1.609 344* E + 00
3.048*
E − 01
3.048*
E + 01
5.08*
E − 03
8.466 667 E − 02
3.527 778 E − 03
3.048*
E − 01
2.54*
E + 01
4.233 333 E − 01
Corrosion rate
in/year (ipy)
mil/year
mm/a
mm/a
2.54*
2.54*
Rotational frequency
r/min
r/s
rad/s
1.666 667 E − 02
1.047 198 E − 01
Acceleration (linear)
ft/s2
m/s2
cm/s2
3.048*
3.048*
Acceleration (rotational)
rpm/s
rad/s2
1.047 198 E − 01
Momentum
(lbm⋅ft)/s
(kg⋅m)/s
1.382 550 E − 01
Force
U.K. tonf
U.S. tonf
kgf (kp)
lbf
dyn
kN
kN
N
N
mN
9.964 016 E + 00
8.896 443 E + 00
9.806 650* E + 00
4.448 222 E + 00
1.0
E − 02
Bending moment, torque
U.S. tonf⋅ft
kgf⋅m
lbf⋅ft
lbf⋅in
kN⋅m
N⋅m
N⋅m
N⋅m
2.711 636 E + 00
9.806 650* E + 00
1.355 818 E + 00
1.129 848 E − 01
Bending moment/length
(lbf⋅ft)/in
(lbf⋅in)/in
(N⋅m)/m
(N⋅m)/m
5.337 866 E + 01
4.448 222 E + 00
Moment of inertia
lbm⋅ft2
Velocity (linear), speed
knot
mi/h
ft/s
ft/min
ft/h
ft/day
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
kPa
Pa
E − 01
E + 01
4.214 011 E − 02
kg⋅m2
2
E + 01
E − 02
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
1.378 951 E + 01
9.806 650* E + 00
9.576 052 E − 02
6.894 757 E − 03
4.788 026 E − 02
1.0*
E − 01
Stress
U.S. tonf/in
kgf/mm2
U.S. tonf/ft2
lbf/in2 (psi)
lbf/ft2 (psf)
dyn/cm2
Mass/length
lbm/ft
kg/m
1.488 164 E + 00
Mass/area structural loading,
bearing capacity (mass
basis)
U.S. ton/ft2
lbm/ft2
Mg/m2
kg/m2
9.764 855 E + 00
4.882 428 E + 00
Diffusivity
ft2/s
m2/s
ft2/h
m2/s
mm2/s
m2/s
9.290 304* E − 02
1.0*
E + 06
2.580 64* E − 05
Thermal resistance
(°C⋅m2⋅h)/kcal
(°F⋅ft2⋅h)/Btu
(K⋅m2)/kW
(K⋅m2)/kW
8.604 208 E + 02
1.761 102 E + 02
Heat flux
Btu/(h⋅ft2)
kW/m2
3.154 591 E − 03
Thermal conductivity
(cal⋅cm)/(s⋅cm2⋅°C)
(Btu⋅ft)/(h⋅ft2⋅°F)
W/(m⋅K)
W/(m⋅K)
(kJ⋅m)/(h⋅m2⋅K)
W/(m⋅K)
W/(m⋅K)
W/(m⋅K)
4.184*
E + 02
1.730 735 E + 00
6.230 646 E + 00
1.162 222 E + 00
1.442 279 E − 01
1.162 222 E − 01
kW/(m2⋅K)
kW/(m2⋅K)
kW/(m2⋅K)
kW/(m2⋅K)
kJ/(h⋅m2⋅K)
kW/(m2⋅K)
kW/(m2⋅K)
4.184*
E + 01
2.044 175 E + 01
1.162 222 E − 02
5.678 263 E − 03
2.044 175 E + 01
5.678 263 E − 03
1.162 222 E − 03
Miscellaneous transport properties
(kcal⋅m)/(h⋅m2⋅°C)
(Btu⋅in)/(h⋅ft2⋅°F)
(cal⋅cm)/(h⋅cm2⋅°C)
Heat-transfer coefficient
cal/(s⋅cm2⋅°C)
Btu/(s⋅ft2⋅°F)
cal/(h⋅cm2⋅°C)
Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F)
Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°R)
kcal/(h⋅m2⋅°C)
1-8
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
kW/(m3⋅K)
kW/(m3⋅K)
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
Volumetric heat-transfer
coefficient
Btu/(s⋅ft3⋅°F)
Btu/(h⋅ft3⋅°F)
6.706 611 E + 01
1.862 947 E − 02
Surface tension
dyn/cm
mN/m
Viscosity (dynamic)
(lbf⋅s)/in2
(lbf⋅s)/ft2
(kgf⋅s)/m2
lbm/(ft⋅s)
(dyn⋅s)/cm2
cP
lbm/(ft⋅h)
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Pa⋅s
Viscosity (kinematic)
ft2/s
in2/s
m2/h
ft2/h
cSt
m2/s
mm2/s
mm2/s
m2/s
mm2/s
9.290 304* E − 02
6.451 6* E + 02
2.777 778 E + 02
2.580 64* E − 05
1
Permeability
darcy
millidarcy
µm2
µm2
9.869 233 E − 01
9.869 233 E − 04
Thermal flux
Btu/(h⋅ft2)
Btu/(s⋅ft2)
cal/(s⋅cm2)
W/m2
W/m2
W/m2
3.152
1.135
4.184
E + 00
E + 04
E + 04
Mass-transfer coefficient
(lb⋅mol)/[h⋅ft2(lb⋅mol/ft3)]
(g⋅mol)/[s⋅m2(g⋅mol/L)]
m/s
m/s
8.467
1.0
E − 05
E + 01
Admittance
S
S
1
Capacitance
µF
µF
1
Charge density
C/mm3
C/mm3
1
Conductance
S
S
S
1
1
S/m
/m
m /m
S/m
S/m
mS/m
1
1
1
Current density
A/mm2
A/mm2
1
Displacement
C/cm2
C/cm2
1
Electric charge
C
C
1
Electric current
A
A
1
Electric-dipole moment
C⋅m
C⋅m
1
1
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
(N⋅s)/m2
6.894 757 E + 03
4.788 026 E + 01
9.806 650* E + 00
1.488 164 E + 00
1.0*
E − 01
1.0*
E − 03
4.133 789 E − 04
Electricity, magnetism
Conductivity
(mho)
Electric-field strength
V/m
V/m
1
Electric flux
C
C
1
Electric polarization
C/cm2
C/cm2
1
Electric potential
V
mV
V
mV
1
1
Electromagnetic moment
A⋅m2
A⋅m2
1
Electromotive force
V
V
1
Flux of displacement
C
C
1
Frequency
cycles/s
Hz
1
Impedance
Ω
Ω
1
Linear-current density
A/mm
A/mm
1
Magnetic-dipole moment
Wb⋅m
Wb⋅m
1
Magnetic-field strength
A/mm
Oe
gamma
A/mm
A/m
A/m
1
7.957 747 E + 01
7.957 747 E − 04
Magnetic flux
mWb
mWb
1
1-9
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
Magnetic-flux density
mT
G
gamma
SI unit
mT
T
nT
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
1
1.0*
1
Magnetic induction
mT
mT
1
Magnetic moment
A⋅m2
A⋅m2
1
Magnetic polarization
mT
mT
1
Magnetic potential
difference
A
A
1
Magnetic-vector potential
Wb/mm
Wb/mm
1
Magnetization
A/mm
A/mm
1
Modulus of admittance
S
S
1
Modulus of impedance
Ω
Ω
1
Mutual inductance
H
H
1
Permeability
µH/m
µH/m
1
E − 04
Permeance
H
H
1
Permittivity
µF/m
µF/m
1
Potential difference
V
V
1
Quantity of electricity
C
C
1
Reactance
Ω
Ω
1
Reluctance
H−1
H−1
1
Resistance
Ω
Ω
1
Resistivity
Ω⋅cm
Ω⋅m
Ω⋅cm
Ω⋅m
1
1
Self-inductance
mH
mH
1
Surface density of change
mC/m2
mC/m2
1
Susceptance
S
S
1
Volume density of charge
C/mm3
C/mm3
1
Absorbed dose
rad
Gy
1.0*
Acoustical energy
J
J
1
Acoustical intensity
W/cm2
W/m2
1.0*
Acoustical power
W
W
1
Sound pressure
N/m2
N/m2
1.0*
Illuminance
fc
lx
1.076 391 E + 01
Illumination
fc
lx
1.076 391 E + 01
Irradiance
W/m2
W/m2
1
Light exposure
fc⋅s
lx⋅s
1.076 391 E + 01
Luminance
cd/m2
cd/m2
1
Acoustics, light, radiation
Luminous efficacy
lm/W
lm/W
1
Luminous exitance
lm/m2
lm/m2
1
Luminous flux
lm
lm
1
Luminous intensity
cd
cd
1
Radiance
W/m2⋅sr
W/m2⋅sr
1
Radiant energy
J
J
1
Radiant flux
W
W
1
Radiant intensity
W/sr
W/sr
1
Radiant power
W
W
1
1-10
E − 02
E + 04
TABLE 1-4
Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Concluded)
Customary or commonly
used unit
Quantity
SI unit
Alternate
SI unit
Conversion factor; multiply
customary unit by factor to
obtain SI unit
Wavelength
Å
nm
1.0*
E − 01
Capture unit
10−3 cm−1
m−1
E + 01
m−1
m−1
1.0*
1
1
Ci
Bq
3.7*
E + 10
Radioactivity
10−3 cm−1
*An asterisk indicates that the conversion factor is exact.
† Conversion factors for length, area, and volume are based on the international foot. The international foot is longer by 2 parts in 1 million than the U.S. Survey
foot (land-measurement use).
NOTE: The following unit symbols are used in the table:
Unit symbol
Name
Unit symbol
Name
A
a
Bq
C
cd
Ci
d
°C
°
dyn
F
fc
G
g
gr
Gy
H
h
ha
Hz
J
K
L, ᐉ, l
ampere
annum (year)
becquerel
coulomb
candela
curie
day
degree Celsius
degree
dyne
farad
footcandle
gauss
gram
grain
gray
henry
hour
hectare
hertz
joule
kelvin
liter
lm
lx
m
min
′
N
naut mi
Oe
Ω
Pa
rad
r
S
s
″
sr
St
T
t
V
W
Wb
lumen
lux
meter
minute
minute
newton
U.S. nautical mile
oersted
ohm
pascal
radian
revolution
siemens
second
second
steradian
stokes
tesla
tonne
volt
watt
weber
NOTE: Copyright SPE-AIME, The SI Metric System of Units and SPE’s Tentative Metric Standard, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, 1977.
1-11
TABLE 1-5
Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical Multiples of SI Units
The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “−02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10−2 m.
To convert from
abampere
abcoulomb
abfarad
abhenry
abmho
abohm
abvolt
acre
ampere (international of
1948)
angstrom
are
astronomical unit
atmosphere
bar
barn
barrel (petroleum 42 gal)
barye
British thermal unit (ISO/
TC 12)
British thermal unit
(International Steam Table)
British thermal unit (mean)
British thermal unit
(thermochemical)
British thermal unit (39°F)
British thermal unit (60°F)
bushel (U.S.)
cable
caliber
calorie (International Steam
Table)
calorie (mean)
calorie (thermochemical)
calorie (15°C)
calorie (20°C)
calorie (kilogram,
International Steam Table)
calorie (kilogram, mean)
calorie (kilogram,
thermochemical)
carat (metric)
Celsius (temperature)
centimeter of mercury (0°C)
centimeter of water (4°C)
chain (engineer’s)
chain (surveyor’s or
Gunter’s)
circular mil
cord
coulomb (international of
1948)
cubit
cup
curie
day (mean solar)
day (sidereal)
degree (angle)
denier (international)
dram (avoirdupois)
dram (troy or apothecary)
dram (U.S. fluid)
dyne
electron volt
erg
Fahrenheit (temperature)
Multiply by
To convert from
To
Multiply by
ampere
coulomb
farad
henry
mho
ohm
volt
meter2
ampere
To
+01 1.00
+01 1.00
+09 1.00
−09 1.00
+09 1.00
−09 1.00
−08 1.00
+03 4.046 856
−01 9.998 35
meter
meter2
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
meter2
meter3
newton/meter2
joule
−10 1.00
+02 1.00
+11 1.495 978
+05 1.013 25
+05 1.00
−28 1.00
−01 1.589 873
−01 1.00
+03 1.055 06
joule
+03 1.055 04
joule
joule
+03 1.055 87
+03 1.054 350
joule
joule
meter3
meter
meter
joule
+03 1.059 67
+03 1.054 68
−02 3.523 907
+02 2.194 56
−04 2.54
+00 4.1868
joule
joule
joule
joule
joule
+00 4.190 02
+00 4.184
+00 4.185 80
+00 4.181 90
+03 4.186 8
joule
joule
+03 4.190 02
+03 4.184
kilogram
kelvin
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
meter
meter
−04 2.00
tK = tc + 273.15
+03 1.333 22
+01 9.806 38
+01 3.048
+01 2.011 68
meter3
meter
meter
newton/meter2
lumen/meter2
candela/meter2
meter
meter/second2
meter3
meter3
meter3
tesla
tesla
ampere turn
meter3
meter3
degree (angular)
radian
kilogram
kilogram
meter
meter2
henry
meter3
watt
watt
watt
watt
watt
watt
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
kilogram
kilogram
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
joule
1/meter
joule
−05 2.957 352
−01 3.048
−01 3.048 006
+03 2.988 98
+01 1.076 391
+00 3.426 259
+02 2.011 68
−02 1.00
−03 4.546 087
−03 4.404 883
−03 3.785 411
−09 1.00
−04 1.00
−01 7.957 747
−04 1.420 652
−04 1.182 941
−01 9.00
−02 1.570 796
−05 6.479 891
−03 1.00
−01 1.016
+04 1.00
+00 1.000 495
−01 2.384 809
+02 7.456 998
+03 9.809 50
+02 7.46
+02 7.354 99
+02 7.457
+02 7.460 43
+03 3.60
+03 3.590 170
+01 5.080 234
+01 4.535 923
−02 2.54
+03 3.386 389
+03 3.376 85
+02 2.490 82
+02 2.4884
+00 1.000 165
+02 1.00
+03 4.186 74
meter2
meter3
coulomb
−10 5.067 074
+00 3.624 556
−01 9.998 35
meter
meter3
disintegration/second
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
radian
kilogram/meter
kilogram
kilogram
meter3
newton
joule
joule
kelvin
fluid ounce (U.S.)
foot
foot (U.S. survey)
foot of water (39.2°F)
footcandle
footlambert
furlong
gal (galileo)
gallon (U.K. liquid)
gallon (U.S. dry)
gallon (U.S. liquid)
gamma
gauss
gilbert
gill (U.K.)
gill (U.S.)
grad
grad
grain
gram
hand
hectare
henry (international of 1948)
hogshead (U.S.)
horsepower (550 ft lbf/s)
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (electric)
horsepower (metric)
horsepower (U.K.)
horsepower (water)
hour (mean solar)
hour (sidereal)
hundredweight (long)
hundredweight (short)
inch
inch of mercury (32°F)
inch of mercury (60°F)
inch of water (39.2°F)
inch of water (60°F)
joule (international of 1948)
kayser
kilocalorie (International
Steam Table)
kilocalorie (mean)
kilocalorie (thermochemical)
kilogram mass
kilogram-force (kgf)
kilopond-force
kip
knot (international)
lambert
lambert
langley
lbf (pound-force,
avoirdupois)
lbm (pound-mass,
avoirdupois)
league (British nautical)
league (international
nautical)
league (statute)
light-year
link (engineer’s)
link (surveyor’s or Gunter’s)
liter
lux
maxwell
meter
micrometer
mil
mile (U.S. statute)
mile (U.K. nautical)
mile (international nautical)
mile (U.S. nautical)
millibar
millimeter of mercury (0°C)
joule
joule
kilogram
newton
newton
newton
meter/second
candela/meter2
candela/meter2
joule/meter2
newton
+03 4.190 02
+03 4.184
+00 1.00
+00 9.806 65
+00 9.806 65
+03 4.448 221
−01 5.144 444
+04 1/π
+03 3.183 098
+04 4.184
+00 4.448 221
kilogram
−01 4.535 923
meter
meter
+03 5.559 552
+03 5.556
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter3
lumen/meter2
weber
wavelengths Kr 86
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter
newton/meter2
newton/meter2
+03 4.828 032
+15 9.460 55
−01 3.048
−01 2.011 68
−03 1.00
+00 1.00
−08 1.00
+06 1.650 763
−06 1.00
−05 2.54
+03 1.609 344
+03 1.853 184
+03 1.852
+03 1.852
+02 1.00
+02 1.333 224
Fahrenheit (temperature)
Celsius
farad (international of 1948)
faraday (based on carbon
12)
faraday (chemical)
faraday (physical)
fathom
fermi (femtometer)
farad
coulomb
−01 4.572
−04 2.365 882
+10 3.70
+04 8.64
+04 8.616 409
−02 1.745 329
−07 1.111 111
−03 1.771 845
−03 3.887 934
−06 3.696 691
−05 1.00
−19 1.602 10
−07 1.00
tK = (5/9)(tF +
459.67)
tc = (5/9)(tF −
32)
−01 9.995 05
+04 9.648 70
coulomb
coulomb
meter
meter
+04 9.649 57
+04 9.652 19
+00 1.828 8
−15 1.00
1-12
TABLE 1-5
Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical Multiples of SI Units (Concluded)
The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “−02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10−2.
To convert from
To
Multiply by
minute (angle)
minute (mean solar)
minute (sidereal)
month (mean calendar)
nautical mile (international)
nautical mile (U.S.)
nautical mile (U.K.)
oersted
ohm (international of 1948)
ounce-force (avoirdupois)
ounce-mass (avoirdupois)
ounce-mass (troy or apothecary)
ounce (U.S. fluid)
pace
parsec
pascal
peck (U.S.)
pennyweight
perch
phot
pica (printer’s)
pint (U.S. dry)
pint (U.S. liquid)
point (printer’s)
poise
pole
pound-force (lbf
avoirdupois)
pound-mass (lbm
avoirdupois)
pound-mass (troy or
apothecary)
poundal
quart (U.S. dry)
quart (U.S. liquid)
rad (radiation dose
absorbed)
Rankine (temperature)
rayleigh (rate of photon
emission)
rhe
radian
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
meter
meter
meter
ampere/meter
ohm
newton
kilogram
kilogram
meter3
meter
meter
newton/meter2
meter3
kilogram
meter
lumen/meter2
meter
meter3
meter3
meter
(newton-second)/meter2
meter
newton
−04 2.908 882
+01 6.00
+01 5.983 617
+06 2.628
+03 1.852
+03 1.852
+03 1.853 184
+01 7.957 747
+00 1.000 495
−01 2.780 138
−02 2.834 952
−02 3.110 347
−05 2.957 352
−01 7.62
+16 3.083 74
+00 1.00
−03 8.809 767
−03 1.555 173
+00 5.0292
+04 1.00
−03 4.217 517
−04 5.506 104
−04 4.731 764
−04 3.514 598
−01 1.00
+00 5.0292
+00 4.448 221
kilogram
−01 4.535 923
rod
roentgen
rutherford
second (angle)
kilogram
−01 3.732 417
newton
meter3
meter3
joule/kilogram
−01 1.382 549
−03 1.101 220
−04 9.463 529
−02 1.00
kelvin
1/second-meter2
tK = (5/9)tR
+10 1.00
meter2/(newtonsecond)
meter
coulomb/kilogram
disintegration/second
radian
+01 1.00
+00 5.0292
−04 2.579 76
+06 1.00
−06 4.848 136
To
Multiply by
second (ephemeris)
second (mean solar)
To convert from
second
second (ephemeris)
second (sidereal)
section
scruple (apothecary)
shake
skein
slug
span
statampere
statcoulomb
statfarad
stathenry
statmho
statohm
statute mile (U.S.)
statvolt
stere
stilb
stoke
tablespoon
teaspoon
ton (assay)
ton (long)
ton (metric)
ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT)
ton (register)
ton (short, 2000 lb)
tonne
torr (0°C)
township
unit pole
volt (international of 1948)
watt (international of 1948)
yard
year (calendar)
year (sidereal)
year (tropical)
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day
0, hour 12
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day
0, hour 12
second (mean solar)
meter2
kilogram
second
meter
kilogram
meter
ampere
coulomb
farad
henry
mho
ohm
meter
volt
meter3
candela/meter2
meter2/second
meter3
meter3
kilogram
kilogram
kilogram
joule
meter3
kilogram
kilogram
newton/meter2
meter2
weber
volt
watt
meter
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (mean solar)
second (ephemeris)
+00 1.000 000
Consult
American
Ephemeris
and Nautical
Almanac
−01 9.972 695
+06 2.589 988
−03 1.295 978
−08 1.00
+02 1.097 28
+01 1.459 390
−01 2.286
−10 3.335 640
−10 3.335 640
−12 1.112 650
+11 8.987 554
−12 1.112 650
+11 8.987 554
+03 1.609 344
+02 2.997 925
+00 1.00
+04 1.00
−04 1.00
−05 1.478 676
−06 4.928 921
−02 2.916 666
+03 1.016 046
+03 1.00
+09 4.20
+00 2.831 684
+02 9.071 847
+03 1.00
+02 1.333 22
+07 9.323 957
−07 1.256 637
+00 1.000 330
+00 1.000 165
−01 9.144
+07 3.1536
+07 3.155 815
+07 3.155 692
+07 3.155 692
second
+07 3.155 692
1-13
1-14
TABLE 1-6
Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions
To convert from
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acre-feet
Ampere-hours (absolute)
Angstrom units
Angstrom units
Angstrom units
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Bags (cement)
Barrels (cement)
Barrels (oil)
Barrels (oil)
Barrels (U.S. liquid)
Barrels (U.S. liquid)
Barrels per day
Bars
Bars
Bars
Board feet
Boiler horsepower
Boiler horsepower
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u.
B.t.u. per cubic foot
B.t.u. per hour
B.t.u. per minute
B.t.u. per pound
B.t.u. per pound per degree
Fahrenheit
B.t.u. per pound per degree
Fahrenheit
B.t.u. per second
B.t.u. per square foot per hour
B.t.u. per square foot per minute
B.t.u. per square foot per second
for a temperature gradient of
1°F. per inch
To
Multiply by
Square feet
Square meters
Square miles
Cubic meters
Coulombs (absolute)
Inches
Meters
Microns
Millimeters of mercury at 32°F
Dynes per square centimeter
Newtons per square meter
Feet of water at 39.1°F
Grams per square centimeter
Inches of mercury at 32°F
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch
Pounds (cement)
Pounds (cement)
Cubic meters
Gallons
Cubic meters
Gallons
Gallons per minute
Atmospheres
Newtons per square meter
Pounds per square inch
Cubic feet
B.t.u. per hour
Kilowatts
Calories (gram)
Centigrade heat units (c.h.u. or p.c.u.)
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Liter-atmospheres
Pounds carbon to CO2
Pounds water evaporated from and
at 212°F
Cubic foot-atmospheres
Kilowatt-hours
Joules per cubic meter
Watts
Horsepower
Joules per kilogram
Calories per gram per degree
centigrade
Joules per kilogram per degree
Kelvin
Watts
Joules per square meter per second
Kilowatts per square foot
Calories, gram (15°C.), per square centimeter per second for a temperature gradient of 1°C. per centimeter
43,560
4074
0.001563
1233
3600
3.937 × 10−9
1 × 10−10
1 × 10−4
760
1.0133 × 106
101,325
33.90
1033.3
29.921
2116.3
14.696
94
376
0.15899
42
0.11924
31.5
0.02917
0.9869
1 × 105
14.504
1⁄12
33,480
9.803
252
0.55556
777.9
3.929 × 10−4
1055.1
10.41
6.88 × 10−5
0.001036
0.3676
2.930 × 10−4
37,260
0.29307
0.02357
2326
1
4186.8
1054.4
3.1546
0.1758
1.2405
To convert from
Drams (avoirdupois)
Dynes
Ergs
Faradays
Fathoms
Feet
Feet per minute
Feet per minute
Feet per (second)2
Feet of water at 39.2°F.
Foot-poundals
Foot-poundals
Foot-poundals
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds force
Foot-pounds per second
Foot-pounds per second
Furlongs
Gallons (U.S. liquid)
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons per minute
Gallons per minute
Grains
Grains
Grains per cubic foot
Grains per gallon
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams per cubic centimeter
Grams per cubic centimeter
Grams per liter
Grams per liter
Grams per square centimeter
Grams per square centimeter
Hectares
Hectares
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
To
Grams
Newtons
Joules
Coulombs (abs.)
Feet
Meters
Centimeters per second
Miles per hour
Meters per (second)2
Newtons per square meter
B.t.u.
Joules
Liter-atmospheres
B.t.u.
Calories, gram
Foot-poundals
Horsepower-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Liter-atmospheres
Joules
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Miles
Barrels (U.S. liquid)
Cubic meters
Cubic feet
Gallons (Imperial)
Liters
Ounces (U.S. fluid)
Cubic feet per hour
Cubic feet per second
Grams
Pounds
Grams per cubic meter
Parts per million
Drams (avoirdupois)
Drams (troy)
Grains
Kilograms
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per gallon
Grains per gallon
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch
Acres
Square meters
B.t.u. per minute
B.t.u. per hour
Foot-pounds per minute
Foot-pounds per second
Watts
Multiply by
1.7719
1 × 10−5
1 × 10−7
96,500
6
0.3048
0.5080
0.011364
0.3048
2989
3.995 × 10−5
0.04214
4.159 × 10−4
0.0012856
0.3239
32.174
5.051 × 10−7
3.766 × 10−7
0.013381
1.3558
0.0018182
0.0013558
0.125
0.03175
0.003785
0.13368
0.8327
3.785
128
8.021
0.002228
0.06480
1⁄ 7000
2.2884
17.118
0.5644
0.2572
15.432
0.001
0.0022046
0.002679
62.43
8.345
58.42
0.0624
2.0482
0.014223
2.471
10,000
42.42
2545
33,000
550
745.7
B.t.u. (60°F.) per degree
Fahrenheit
Bushels (U.S. dry)
Bushels (U.S. dry)
Calories, gram
Calories, gram
Calories, gram
Calories, gram
Calories, gram
Calories, gram, per gram per
degree C.
Calories, kilogram
Calories, kilogram per second
Candle power (spherical)
Carats (metric)
Centigrade heat units
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters of mercury at 0°C.
Centimeters of mercury at 0°C.
Centimeters of mercury at 0°C
Centimeters of mercury at 0°C.
Centimeters of mercury at 0°C.
Centimeters per second
Centimeters of water at 4°C.
Centistokes
Circular mils
Circular mils
Circular mils
Cords
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic foot-atmospheres
Cubic foot-atmospheres
Cubic feet of water (60°F.)
Cubic feet per minute
Cubic feet per minute
Cubic feet per second
Cubic feet per second
Cubic inches
Cubic yards
Curies
Curies
Degrees
Drams (apothecaries’ or troy)
Calories per degree centigrade
453.6
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
B.t.u.
Foot-pounds
Joules
Liter-atmospheres
Horsepower-hours
Joules per kilogram per degree Kelvin
1.2444
0.03524
3.968 × 10−3
3.087
4.1868
4.130 × 10−2
1.5591 × 10−6
4186.8
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatts
Lumens
Grams
B.t.u.
Angstrom units
Feet
Inches
Meters
Microns
Atmospheres
Feet of water at 39.1°F.
Newtons per square meter
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch
Feet per minute
Newtons per square meter
Square meters per second
Square centimeters
Square inches
Square mils
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Gallons
Ounces (U.S. fluid)
Quarts (U.S. fluid)
Bushels (U.S.)
Cubic centimeters
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Foot-pounds
Liter-atmospheres
Pounds
Cubic centimeters per second
Gallons per second
Gallons per minute
Million gallons per day
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Disintegrations per minute
Coulombs per minute
Radians
Grams
0.0011626
4.185
12.556
0.2
1.8
1 × 108
0.03281
0.3937
0.01
10,000
0.013158
0.4460
1333.2
27.845
0.19337
1.9685
98.064
1 × 10−6
5.067 × 10−6
7.854 × 10−7
0.7854
128
3.532 × 10−5
2.6417 × 10−4
0.03381
0.0010567
0.8036
28,317
0.028317
0.03704
7.481
28.316
2116.3
28.316
62.37
472.0
0.1247
448.8
0.64632
1.6387 × 10−5
0.76456
2.2 × 1012
1.1 × 1012
0.017453
3.888
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (British)
Horsepower (metric)
Horsepower (metric)
Hours (mean solar)
Inches
Inches of mercury at 60°F
Inches of water at 60°F
Joules (absolute)
Joules (absolute)
Joules (absolute)
Joules (absolute)
Joules (absolute)
Joules (absolute)
Kilocalories
Kilograms
Kilograms force
Kilograms per square centimeter
Kilometers
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatts
Knots (international)
Knots (nautical miles per hour)
Lamberts
Liter-atmospheres
Liter-atmospheres
Liters
Liters
Liters
Lumens
Micromicrons
Microns
Microns
Miles (nautical)
Miles (nautical)
Miles
Miles
Miles per hour
Miles per hour
Milliliters
Millimeters
Millimeters of mercury at 0°C.
Millimicrons
Mils
Mils
Minims (U.S.)
Minutes (angle)
Minutes (mean solar)
Newtons
Ounces (avoirdupois)
Ounces (avoirdupois)
Ounces (U.S. fluid)
Ounces (troy)
Horsepower (metric)
Pounds carbon to CO2 per hour
Pounds water evaporated per hour
at 212°F
Foot-pounds per second
Kilogram-meters per second
Seconds
Meters
Newtons per square meter
Newtons per square meter
B.t.u. (mean)
Calories, gram (mean)
Cubic foot-atmospheres
Foot-pounds
Kilowatt-hours
Liter-atmospheres
Joules
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Newtons
Pounds per square inch
Miles
B.t.u.
Foot-pounds
Horsepower
Meters per second
Miles per hour
Candles per square inch
Cubic foot-atmospheres
Foot-pounds
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Gallons
Watts
Microns
Angstrom units
Meters
Feet
Miles (U.S. statute)
Feet
Meters
Feet per second
Meters per second
Cubic centimeters
Meters
Newtons per square meter
Microns
Inches
Meters
Cubic centimeters
Radians
Seconds
Kilograms
Kilograms
Ounces (troy)
Cubic meters
Ounces (apothecaries’)
1.0139
0.175
2.64
542.47
75.0
3600
0.0254
3376.9
248.84
9.480 × 10−4
0.2389
0.3485
0.7376
2.7778 × 10−7
0.009869
4186.8
2.2046
9.807
14.223
0.6214
3414
2.6552 × 106
1.3410
0.5144
1.1516
2.054
0.03532
74.74
0.03532
0.001
0.26418
0.001496
−6
1 × 10
1 × 104
1 × 10−6
6080
1.1516
5280
1609.3
1.4667
0.4470
1
0.001
133.32
0.001
0.001
2.54 × 10−5
0.06161
2.909 × 10−4
60
0.10197
0.02835
0.9115
2.957 × 10−5
1.000
1-15
1-16
TABLE 1-6
Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions (Concluded)
To convert from
Pints (U.S. liquid)
Poundals
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch
Pounds force
Pounds force per square foot
Pounds water evaporated from
and at 212°F.
Pound-centigrade units (p.c.u.)
Quarts (U.S. liquid)
Radians
Revolutions per minute
Seconds (angle)
Slugs
Slugs
Slugs
To
Cubic meters
Newtons
Grains
Kilograms
Pounds (troy)
Grams per cubic centimeter
Kilograms per cubic meter
Atmospheres
Kilograms per square meter
Atmospheres
Kilograms per square centimeter
Newtons per square meter
Newtons
Newtons per square meter
Horsepower-hours
B.t.u.
Cubic meters
Degrees
Radians per second
Radians
Gee pounds
Kilograms
Pounds
Multiply by
4.732 × 10−4
0.13826
7000
0.45359
1.2153
0.016018
16.018
4.725 × 10−4
4.882
0.06805
0.07031
6894.8
4.4482
47.88
0.379
1.8
9.464 × 10−4
57.30
0.10472
4.848 × 10−6
1
14.594
32.17
To convert from
Square centimeters
Square feet
Square feet per hour
Square inches
Square inches
Square yards
Stokes
Tons (long)
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Tons (metric)
Tons (metric)
Tons (short)
Tons (short)
Tons (refrigeration)
Tons (British shipping)
Tons (U.S. shipping)
Torr (mm. mercury, 0°C.)
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watt-hours
Yards
To
Square feet
Square meters
Square meters per second
Square centimeters
Square meters
Square meters
Square meters per second
Kilograms
Pounds
Kilograms
Pounds
Tons (short)
Kilograms
Pounds
B.t.u. per hour
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Newtons per square meter
B.t.u. per hour
Joules per second
Kilogram-meters per second
Joules
Meters
Multiply by
0.0010764
0.0929
2.581 × 10−5
6.452
6.452 × 10−4
0.8361
1 × 10−4
1016
2240
1000
2204.6
1.1023
907.18
2000
12,000
42.00
40.00
133.32
3.413
1
0.10197
3600
0.9144
TABLE 1-7
Mass (M)
Length (L)
Common Units and Conversion Factors*
1 pound mass = 453.5924 grams
= 0.45359 kilograms
= 7000 grains
1 slug
= 32.174 pounds mass
1 ton (short) = 2000 pounds mass
1 ton (long) = 2240 pounds mass
1 ton (metric) = 1000 kilograms
= 2204.62 pounds mass
1 pound mole = 453.59 gram moles
= 30.480 centimeters
= 0.3048 meters
1 inch
= 2.54 centimeters
= 0.0254 meters
1 mile (U.S.) = 1.60935 kilometers
1 yard
= 0.9144 meters
1 foot
Area (L2)
Volume (L3)
1 square foot = 929.0304 square centimeters
= 0.09290304 square meters
1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimeters
1 square yard = 0.836127 square meters
1 cubic foot
1 gallon
Time (θ)
= 28,316.85 cubic centimeters
= 0.02831685 cubic meters
= 28.31685 liters
= 7.481 gallons (U.S.)
= 3.7853 liters
= 231 cubic inches
1 hour
= 60 minutes
= 3600 seconds
Temperature (T)
1 centigrade or Celsius degree
= 1.8 Fahrenheit degree
Temperature, Kelvin
= T°C + 273.15
Temperature, Rankine
= T°F + 459.7
Temperature, Fahrenheit
= 9/5 T°C + 32
Temperature, centigrade or Celsius = 5/9 (T°F − 32)
Temperature, Rankine
= 1.8 T K
Force (F)
1 pound force = 444,822.2 dynes
= 4.448222 Newtons
= 32.174 poundals
2
Pressure (F/L )
Normal atmospheric pressure
1 atm = 760 millimeters of mercury at 0°C
(density 13.5951 g/cm3)
= 29.921 inches of mercury at 32°F
= 14.696 pounds force/square inch
= 33.899 feet of water at 39.1°F
= 1.01325 × 106 dynes/square centimeter
= 1.01325 × 105 Newtons/square meter
Density (M/L3)
1 pound mass/cubic foot = 0.01601846 grams/cubic centimeter
= 16.01846 kilogram/cubic meter
Energy (H or FL)
1 British thermal unit = 251.98 calories
= 1054.4 joules
= 777.97 foot-pounds force
= 10.409 liter-atmospheres
= 0.2930 watt-hour
Diffusivity (L2/θ)
1 square foot/hour = 0.258 cm2/s
= 2.58 × 10−5 m2/s
Viscosity (M/Lθ)
1 pound mass/foot hour = 0.00413 g/cm s
0.000413 kg/m s
1 centipoise
= 0.01 poise
= 0.01 g/cm s
= 0.001 kg/m s
= 0.000672 lbm/ft s
= 0.0000209 lbfs/ft2
2
Thermal conductivity [H/θL (T/L)]
2
1 Btu/hr ft (°F/ft) = 0.00413 cal/s cm2 (°C/cm)
= 1.728 J/s m2 (°C/m)
Heat transfer coefficient
1 Btu/hr ft2 °F = 5.678 J/s m2 °C
Heat capacity (H/MT)
1 Btu/lbm °F = 1 cal/g °C
= 4184 J/kg °C
Gas constant
1.987 Btu/lbm mole °R = 1.987 cal/mol K
= 82.057 atm cm3/mol K
= 0.7302 atm ft3/lb mole °F
= 10.73 (lbf /in.2) (ft3)/lb mole °R
= 1545 (lbf /ft2) (ft3)/lb mole °R
= 8.314 (N/m2) (m3)/mol K
Gravitational acceleration
g = 9.8066 m/s2
= 32.174 ft/s2
NOTE: U.S. customary units, or British units, on left and SI units on right.
*Adapted from Faust et al., Principles of Unit Operations, John Wiley and Sons, 1980.
TABLE 1-8
Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas
Viscosity scale
Saybolt Universal
Saybolt Furol
Redwood No. 1
Redwood Admiralty
Engler
TABLE 1-9
Values of the Gas-Law Constant
Range of
t, sec
Kinematic viscosity,
stokes
Temp.
scale
Press.
units
32 < t < 100
t > 100
25 < t < 40
t > 40
34 < t < 100
t > 100
0.00226t − 1.95/t
0.00220t − 1.35/t
0.0224t − 1.84/t
0.0216t − 0.60/t
0.00260t − 1.79/t
0.00247t − 0.50/t
0.027t − 20/t
0.00147t − 3.74/t
Kelvin
Vol.
units
atm.
atm.
mm. Hg
bar
kg/cm2
atm
mm Hg
cm3
liters
liters
liters
liters
ft3
ft3
atm
in Hg
mm Hg
lb/in2abs
lb/ft2abs
ft3
ft3
ft3
ft3
ft3
Rankine
Wt.
units
Energy
units*
R
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
g-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
lb-moles
calories
joules (abs)
joules (int)
atm cm3
atm liters
mm Hg-liters
bar-liters
kg/(cm2)(liters)
atm-ft3
mm Hg-ft3
chu or pcu
Btu
hp-hr
kw-hr
atm-ft3
in Hg-ft3
mm Hg-ft3
(lb)(ft3)/in2
ft-lb
1.9872
8.3144
8.3130
82.057
0.08205
62.361
0.08314
0.08478
1.314
998.9
1.9872
1.9872
0.0007805
0.0005819
0.7302
21.85
555.0
10.73
1545.0
*Energy units are the product of pressure units and volume units.
1-17
TABLE 1-10 United States Customary System of Weights
and Measures
Linear Measure
12 inches (in) or (″) = 1 foot (ft) or (′)
3 feet = 1 yard (yd)
16.5 feet
= 1 rod (rd)
5.5 yards
5280 feet
= 1 mile (mi)
320 rods
1 mil = 0.001 inch
Nautical:
Square Measure
144 sq. inches (sq. in) or (in ) or (ⵧ″) = 1 sq. foot (ft2) or (ⵧ′)
9 sq. feet (ft2) (ⵧ′) = 1 sq. yard (yd2)
30.25 sq. yards = 1 sq. rod, pole, or perch
10 sq. chains
160 sq. rods =
= 1 acre
43,560 sq. ft
640 acres = 1 sq. mile = 1 section
1 circular inch (area of
circle of 1 inch diameter) = 0.7854 sq. inch
1 sq. inch = 1.2732 circular inch
1 circular mil = area of circle of 0.001
inch diameter
1,000,000 circular mils = 1 circular inch
2
Circular Measure
60 seconds (″) (sec) = 1 minute (min) or (′)
60 minutes (′) = 1 degree (°)
90 degrees (°) = 1 quadrant
360 degrees (°) = 1 circumference
= 1 radian (rad.)
57.29578 degrees
= 57° 17′ 44.81″
Volume Measure
Solid:
1728 cubic in (cu. in) (in3) = 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)(ft3)
27 cu. ft = 1 cubic yard (cu. yd)
Dry Measure:
2 pints = 1 quart
8 quarts = 1 peck
4 pecks = 1 bushel
1 United States
Winchester bushel = 2150.42 cubic inches
Liquid:
4 gills = 1 pint (pt)
2 pints = 1 quart (qt)
4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal)
7.4805 gallons = 1 cubic foot
Apothecaries’ Liquid:
60 minims (min. or ) = 1 fluid dram or drachm
8 drams ( ) = 1 fluid ounce
16 ounces (oz. ) = 1 pint
Avoirdupois Weight
16 drams = 437.5 grains = 1 ounce (oz)
16 ounces = 7000 grains = 1 pound (lb)
100 pounds = 1 hundredweight (cwt)
2000 pounds = 1 short ton: 2240 pounds = 1 long ton
Troy Weight
24 grains = 1 pennyweight (dwt)
20 pennyweights = 1 ounce (oz)
12 ounces = 1 pound (lb)
Apothecaries’ Weight
20 grains (gr) = 1 scruple ( )
3 scruples = 1 dram ( )
8 drams = 1 ounce ( )
12 ounces = 1 pound (lb)
1-18
Temperature Conversion Formulas
°F = (°C × 5/9) + 32
°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
°R = °F + 459.69
°K = °C + 273.15
°K = °R × 5/9
Temperature difference, T
°F = °C × 9/5
NOTE: An extensive table of temperature conversions may be found in the
sixth edition of the Handbook (Table 1-12).
6080.2 feet = 1 nautical mile
6 feet = 1 fathom
120 fathoms = 1 cable length
1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour
60 nautical miles = 1° of latitude
TABLE 1-11
TABLE 1-12
Greek Alphabet
Alpha = Α, α = A, a
Beta
= Β, β = B, b
Gamma = Γ, γ = G, g
Delta = ∆, δ = D, d
Epsilon = Ε, ε = E, e
Zeta
= Ζ, ζ = Z, z
Eta
= Η, η = E, e
Theta = Θ, θ = Th, th
Iota
= Ι, = I, i
Kappa = Κ, κ = K, k
Lambda = Λ, λ = L, l
Mu
= Μ, µ = M, m
Nu
= Ν, ν = N, n
Xi
= Ξ, ξ = X, x
Omicron = Ο, ο = O, o
Pi
= Π, π = P, p
Rho
= Ρ, ρ = R, r
Sigma = Σ, σ = S, s
Tau
= Τ, τ = T, t
Upsilon = , υ = U, u
Phi
= Φ, φ = Ph, ph
Chi
= Χ, χ = Ch, ch
Psi
= Ψ, ψ = Ps, ps
Omega = Ω, ω = O, o
TABLE 1-13
Specific Gravity, Degrees Baumé, Degrees API, Degrees Twaddell, Pounds per Gallon, Pounds per Cubic Foot*
145
140
sp gr 60°/60°F − 1
141.5
°Bé = 145 − (heavier than H2O); °Bé = − 130 (lighter than H2O); °Tw = °API = − 131.5
sp gr
sp gr
0.005
sp gr
°API
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp gr
60°/
60°
°Bé
104.33
102.38
100.47
98.58
96.73
4.9929
5.0346
5.0763
5.1180
5.1597
37.350
37.662
37.973
38.285
38.597
0.700
.705
.710
.715
.720
70.00
68.58
67.18
65.80
64.44
94.00
92.22
90.47
88.75
87.05
94.90
93.10
91.33
89.59
87.88
5.2014
5.2431
5.2848
5.3265
5.3682
39.910
39.222
39.534
39.845
40.157
.725
.730
.735
.740
.745
.650
.655
.660
.665
.670
85.38
83.74
82.12
80.53
78.96
86.19
84.53
82.89
81.28
79.69
5.4098
5.4515
5.4932
5.5349
5.5766
40.468
40.780
41.092
41.404
41.716
.675
.680
.685
.690
.695
77.41
75.88
74.38
72.90
71.44
78.13
76.59
75.07
73.57
72.10
5.6183
5.6600
5.7017
5.7434
5.7851
Sp gr
60°/
60°
°Bé
0.600
.605
.610
.615
.620
103.33
101.40
99.51
97.64
95.81
.625
.630
.635
.640
.645
°API
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp gr
60°/
60°
°API
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp gr
60°/
60°
°Bé
70.64
69.21
67.80
66.40
65.03
5.8268
5.8685
5.9101
5.9518
5.9935
43.587
43.899
44.211
44.523
44.834
0.800
.805
.810
.815
.820
45.00
43.91
42.84
41.78
40.73
63.10
61.78
60.48
59.19
57.92
63.67
62.34
61.02
59.72
58.43
6.0352
6.0769
6.1186
6.1603
6.2020
45.146
45.458
45.770
46.082
46.394
.825
.830
.835
.840
.845
.750
.755
.760
.765
.770
56.67
55.43
54.21
53.01
51.82
57.17
55.92
54.68
53.47
52.27
6.2437
6.2854
6.3271
6.3688
6.4104
46.706
47.018
47.330
47.642
47.953
42.028
42.340
42.652
42.963
43.275
.775
.780
.785
.790
.795
50.65
49.49
48.34
47.22
46.10
51.08
49.91
48.75
47.61
46.49
6.4521
6.4938
6.5355
6.5772
6.6189
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp
gr
60°/
60°
°API
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F.
wt. in
air
°Bé
45.38
44.28
43.19
42.12
41.06
6.6606
6.7023
6.7440
6.7857
6.8274
49.825
50.137
50.448
50.760
51.072
0.900
.905
.910
.915
.920
25.56
24.70
23.85
23.01
22.17
25.72
24.85
23.99
23.14
22.30
7.4944
7.5361
7.5777
7.6194
7.6612
56.062
56.374
56.685
56.997
57.310
39.70
38.67
37.66
36.67
35.68
40.02
38.98
37.96
36.95
35.96
6.8691
6.9108
6.9525
6.9941
7.0358
51.384
51.696
52.008
52.320
52.632
.925
.930
.935
.940
.945
21.35
20.54
19.73
18.94
18.15
21.47
20.65
19.84
19.03
18.24
7.7029
7.7446
7.7863
7.8280
7.8697
57.622
57.934
58.246
58.557
58.869
.850
.855
.860
.865
.870
34.71
33.74
32.79
31.85
30.92
34.97
34.00
33.03
32.08
31.14
7.0775
7.1192
7.1609
7.2026
7.2443
52.943
53.255
53.567
53.879
54.191
.950
.955
.960
.965
.970
17.37
16.60
15.83
15.08
14.33
17.45
16.67
15.90
15.13
14.38
7.9114
7.9531
7.9947
8.0364
8.0780
59.181
59.493
59.805
60.117
60.428
47.265
48.577
48.889
49.201
49.513
.875
.880
.885
.890
.895
30.00
29.09
28.19
27.30
26.42
30.21
29.30
28.39
27.49
26.60
7.2860
7.3277
7.3694
7.4111
7.4528
54.503
54.815
55.127
55.438
55.750
.975
.980
.985
.990
.995
1.000
13.59
12.86
12.13
11.41
10.70
10.00
13.63
12.89
12.15
11.43
10.71
10.00
8.1197
8.1615
8.2032
8.2449
8.2866
8.3283
60.740
61.052
61.364
61.676
61.988
62.300
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp
gr
60°/
60°
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F
wt in
air
Sp
gr
60°/
60°
Lb per
ft3 at
60°F.
wt. in
air
Sp
gr
60°/
60°
°Bé
°Tw
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
°Bé
°Tw
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
°Bé
°Tw
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
°Bé
°Tw
Lb per
gal at
60°F
wt in
air
1.005
1.010
1.015
1.020
1.025
0.72
1.44
2.14
2.84
3.54
1
2
3
4
5
8.3700
8.4117
8.4534
8.4950
8.5367
62.612
62.924
63.236
63.547
63.859
1.255
1.260
1.265
1.270
1.275
29.46
29.92
30.38
30.83
31.27
51
52
53
54
55
10.4546
10.4963
10.5380
10.5797
10.6214
78.206
78.518
78.830
79.141
79.453
1.505
1.510
1.515
1.520
1.525
48.65
48.97
49.29
49.61
49.92
101
102
103
104
105
12.5392
12.5809
12.6226
12.6643
12.7060
93.800
94.112
94.424
94.735
95.047
1.755
1.760
1.765
1.770
1.775
62.38
62.61
62.85
63.08
63.31
151
152
153
154
155
14.6238
14.6655
14.7072
14.7489
14.7906
109.394
109.705
110.017
110.329
110.641
1.030
1.035
1.040
1.045
1.050
4.22
4.90
5.58
6.24
6.91
6
7
8
9
10
8.5784
8.6201
8.6618
8.7035
8.7452
64.171
64.483
64.795
65.107
65.419
1.280
1.285
1.290
1.295
1.300
31.72
32.16
32.60
33.03
33.46
56
57
58
59
60
10.6630
10.7047
10.7464
10.7881
10.8298
79.765
80.077
80.389
80.701
81.013
1.530
1.535
1.540
1.545
1.550
50.23
50.54
50.84
51.15
51.45
106
107
108
109
110
12.7477
12.7894
12.8310
12.8727
12.9144
95.359
95.671
95.983
96.295
96.606
1.780
1.785
1.790
1.795
1.800
63.54
63.77
63.99
64.22
64.44
156
157
158
159
160
14.8323
14.8740
14.9157
14.9574
14.9990
110.953
111.265
111.577
111.889
112.200
1.055
1.060
1.065
1.070
1.075
7.56
8.21
8.85
9.49
10.12
11
12
13
14
15
8.7869
8.8286
8.8703
8.9120
8.9537
65.731
66.042
66.354
66.666
66.978
1.305
1.310
1.315
1.320
1.325
33.89
34.31
34.73
35.15
35.57
61
62
63
64
65
10.8715
10.9132
10.9549
10.9966
11.0383
81.325
81.636
81.948
82.260
82.572
1.555
1.560
1.565
1.570
1.575
51.75
52.05
52.35
52.64
52.94
111
112
113
114
115
12.9561
12.9978
13.0395
13.0812
13.1229
96.918
97.230
97.542
97.854
98.166
1.805
1.810
1.815
1.820
1.825
64.67
64.89
65.11
65.33
65.55
161
162
163
164
165
15.0407
15.0824
15.1241
15.1658
15.2075
112.512
112.824
113.136
113.448
113.760
1.080
1.085
1.090
1.095
1.100
10.74
11.36
11.97
12.58
13.18
16
17
18
19
20
8.9954
9.0371
9.0787
9.1204
9.1621
67.290
67.602
67.914
68.226
68.537
1.330
1.335
1.340
1.345
1.350
35.98
36.39
36.79
37.19
37.59
66
67
68
69
70
11.0800
11.1217
11.1634
11.2051
11.2467
82.884
83.196
83.508
83.820
84.131
1.580
1.585
1.590
1.595
1.600
53.23
53.52
53.81
54.09
54.38
116
117
118
119
120
13.1646
13.2063
13.2480
13.2897
13.3313
98.478
98.790
99.102
99.414
99.725
1.830
1.835
1.840
1.845
1.850
65.77
65.98
66.20
66.41
66.62
166
167
168
169
170
15.2492
15.2909
15.3326
15.3743
15.4160
114.072
114.384
114.696
115.007
115.318
1.105
1.110
1.115
1.120
1.125
13.78
14.37
14.96
15.54
16.11
21
22
23
24
25
9.2038
9.2455
9.2872
9.3289
9.3706
68.849
69.161
69.473
69.785
70.097
1.355
1.360
1.365
1.370
1.375
37.99
38.38
38.77
39.16
39.55
71
72
73
74
75
11.2884
11.3301
11.3718
11.4135
11.4552
84.443
84.755
85.067
85.379
85.691
1.605
1.610
1.615
1.620
1.625
54.66
54.94
55.22
55.49
55.77
121
122
123
124
125
13.3730
13.4147
13.4564
13.4981
13.5398
100.037
100.349
100.661
100.973
101.285
1.855
1.860
1.865
1.870
1.875
66.83
67.04
67.25
67.46
67.67
171
172
173
174
175
15.4577
15.4993
15.5410
15.5827
15.6244
115.630
115.943
116.255
116.567
116.879
1.130
1.135
1.140
1.145
1.150
16.68
17.25
17.81
18.36
18.91
26
27
28
29
30
9.4123
9.4540
9.4957
9.5374
9.5790
70.409
70.721
71.032
71.344
71.656
1.380
1.385
1.390
1.395
1.400
39.93
40.31
40.68
41.06
41.43
76
77
78
79
80
11.4969
11.5386
11.5803
11.6220
11.6637
86.003
86.315
86.626
86.938
87.250
1.630
1.635
1.640
1.645
1.650
56.04
56.32
56.59
56.85
57.12
126
127
128
129
130
13.5815
13.6232
13.6649
13.7066
13.7483
101.597
101.909
102.220
102.532
102.844
1.880
1.885
1.890
1.895
1.900
67.87
68.08
68.28
68.48
68.68
176
177
178
179
180
15.6661
15.7078
15.7495
15.7912
15.8329
117.191
117.503
117.814
118.126
118.438
1.155
1.160
1.165
1.170
1.175
19.46
20.00
20.54
21.07
21.60
31
32
33
34
35
9.6207
9.6624
9.7041
9.7458
9.7875
71.968
72.280
72.592
72.904
73.216
1.405
1.410
1.415
1.420
1.425
41.80
42.16
42.53
42.89
43.25
81
82
83
84
85
11.7054
11.7471
11.7888
11.8304
11.8721
87.562
87.874
88.186
88.498
88.810
1.655
1.660
1.665
1.670
1.675
57.39
57.65
57.91
58.17
58.43
131
132
133
134
135
13.7900
13.8317
13.8734
13.9150
13.9567
103.156
103.468
103.780
104.092
104.404
1.905
1.910
1.915
1.920
1.925
68.88
69.08
69.28
69.48
69.68
181
182
183
184
185
15.8746
15.9163
15.9580
15.9996
16.0413
118.740
119.062
119.374
119.686
119.998
1.180
1.185
1.190
1.195
1.200
22.12
22.64
23.15
23.66
24.17
36
37
38
39
40
9.8292
9.8709
9.9126
9.9543
9.9960
73.528
73.840
74.151
74.463
74.775
1.430
1.435
1.440
1.445
1.450
43.60
43.95
44.31
44.65
45.00
86
87
88
89
90
11.9138
11.9555
11.9972
12.0389
12.0806
89.121
89.433
89.745
90.057
90.369
1.680
1.685
1.690
1.695
1.700
58.69
58.95
59.20
59.45
59.71
136
137
138
139
140
13.9984
14.0401
14.0818
14.1235
14.1652
104.715
105.027
105.339
105.651
105.963
1.930
1.935
1.940
1.945
1.950
69.87
70.06
70.26
70.45
70.64
186
187
188
189
190
16.0830
16.1247
16.1664
16.2081
16.2498
120.309
120.621
120.933
121.245
121.557
1.205
1.210
1.215
1.220
1.225
24.67
25.17
25.66
26.15
26.63
41
42
43
44
45
10.0377
10.0793
10.1210
10.1627
10.2044
75.087
75.399
75.711
76.022
76.334
1.455
1.460
1.465
1.470
1.475
45.34
45.68
46.02
46.36
46.69
91
92
93
94
95
12.1223
12.1640
12.2057
12.2473
12.2890
90.681
90.993
91.305
91.616
91.928
1.705
1.710
1.715
1.720
1.725
59.96
60.20
60.45
60.70
60.94
141
142
143
144
145
14.2069
14.2486
14.2903
14.3320
14.3737
106.275
106.587
106.899
107.210
107.522
1.955
1.960
1.965
1.970
1.975
70.83
71.02
71.21
71.40
71.58
191
192
193
194
195
16.2915
16.3332
16.3749
16.4166
16.4583
121.869
122.181
122.493
122.804
123.116
1.230
1.235
1.240
1.245
1.250
27.11
27.59
28.06
28.53
29.00
46
47
48
49
50
10.2461
10.2878
10.3295
10.3712
10.4129
76.646
76.958
77.270
77.582
77.894
1.480
1.485
1.490
1.495
1.500
47.03
47.36
47.68
48.01
48.33
96
97
98
99
100
12.3307
12.3724
12.4141
12.4558
12.4975
92.240
92.552
92.864
93.176
93.488
1.730
1.735
1.740
1.745
1.750
61.18
61.34
61.67
61.91
62.14
146
147
148
149
150
14.4153
14.4570
14.4987
14.5404
14.5821
107.834
108.146
108.458
108.770
109.082
1.980
1.985
1.990
1.995
2.000
71.77
71.95
72.14
72.32
72.50
196
197
198
199
200
16.5000
16.5417
16.5833
16.6250
16.6667
123.428
123.740
124.052
124.364
124.676
*Prepared by Lewis V. Judson, Ph.D., Chief of Length Section of National Bureau of Standards with the advice and assistance of E. L. Peffer, B.S., A.M., late Chief of Capacity and Density
Section, National Bureau of Standards.
1-19
TABLE 1-14
Fundamental Physical Constants
1 sec = 1.00273791 sidereal seconds
g0 = 9.80665 m/sec2
1 liter = 0.001 cu. m
1 atm = 101,325 newtons/sq m
1 mm Hg (pressure) = (1⁄ 760) atm
= 133.3224 newtons/sq m
1 int ohm = 1.000495 0.000015 abs ohm
1 int amp = 0.999835 0.000025 abs amp
1 int coul = 0.999835 0.000025 abs coul
1 int volt = 1.000330 0.000029 abs volt
1 int watt = 1.000165 0.000052 abs watt
1 int joule = 1.000165 0.000052 abs joule
T0°C = 273.150 0.010°K
(PV)0°CP=0 = (RT)0°C = 2271.16 0.04 abs joule/mole
= 22,414.6 0.4 cu. cm atm/mole
= 22.4146 0.0004 liter atm/mole
R = 8.31439 0.00034 abs joule/deg mole
= 1.98719 0.00013 cal/deg mole
= 82.0567 0.0034 cu. cm atm/deg mole
= 0.0820567 0.0000034 liter atm/deg mole
ln 10 = 2.302585
R ln 10 = 19.14460 0.00078 abs joule/deg mole
= 4.57567 0.00030 cal/deg mole
N = (6.02283 0.0022) × 1023/mole
h = (6.6242 0.0044) × 10−34 joule sec
c = (2.99776 0.00008) × 108 m/sec
(h2/8π2k) = (4.0258 0.0037) × 10−39 g sq cm deg
(h/8π2c) = (2.7986 0.0018) × 10−39 g cm
Z = Nhc = 11.9600 0.0036 abs joule cm/mole
= 2.85851 0.0009 cal cm/mole
(Z/R) = (hc/k) = c2 = 1.43847 0.00045 cm deg
Ᏺ = 96,501.2 10.0 int coul/g-equiv or int joule/int volt g-equiv
= 96,485.3 10.0 abs coul/g-equiv or abs joule/abs volt g-equiv
= 23,068.1 2.4 cal/int volt g-equiv
= 23,060.5 2.4 cal/abs volt g-equiv
e = (1.60199 0.00060) × 10−19 abs coul
= (1.60199 0.00060) × 10−20 abs emu
= (4.80239 0.00180) × 10−10 abs esu
1 int electron-volt/molecule = 96,501.2 10 int joule/mole
= 23,068.1 2.4 cal/mole
1 abs electron-volt/molecule = 96,485.3 10. abs joule/mole
= 23,060.5 2.4 cal/mole
1 int electron-volt = (1.60252 0.00060) × 10−12 erg
1 abs electron-volt = (1.60199 0.00060) × 10−12 erg
hc = (1.23916 0.00032) × 10−4 int electron-volt cm
= (1.23957 0.00032) × 10−4 abs electron-volt cm
k = (8.61442 0.00100) × 10−5 int electron-volt/deg
= (8.61727 0.00100) × 10−5 abs electron-volt/deg
= (R/N) = (1.38048 0.00050) × 10−23 joule/deg
1 IT cal = (1⁄ 860) = 0.00116279 int watt-hr
= 4.18605 int joule
= 4.18674 abs joule
= 1.000654 cal
1 cal = 4.1840 abs joule
= 4.1833 int joule
= 41.2929 0.0020 cu. cm atm
= 0.0412929 0.0000020 liter atm
1 IT cal/g = 1.8 Btu/lb
1 Btu = 251.996 IT cal
= 0.293018 int watt-hr
= 1054.866 int joule
= 1055.040 abs joule
= 252.161 cal
1 horsepower = 550 ft-lb (wt)/sec
= 745.578 int watt
= 745.70 abs watt
1 in = (1/0.3937) = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 0.304800610 m
1 lb = 453.5924277 g
1 gal = 231 cu. in
= 0.133680555 cu. ft
= 3.785412 × 10−3 cu. m
= 3.785412 liter
1-20
sec = mean solar second
Definition: g0 = standard gravity
Definition: atm = standard atmosphere
mm Hg (pressure) = standard millimeter mercury
int = international; abs = absolute
amp = ampere
coul = coulomb
Absolute temperature of the ice point, 0°C
PV product for ideal gas at 0°C
R = gas constant per mole
ln = natural logarithm (base e)
N = Avogadro number
h = Planck constant
c = velocity of light
Constant in rotational partition function of gases
Constant relating wave number and moment of inertia
Z = constant relating wave number and energy per mole
c2 = second radiation constant
Ᏺ = Faraday constant
e = electronic charge
Constant relating wave number and energy per molecule
k = Boltzmann constant
Definition of IT cal: IT = International steam tables
cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition: cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition of Btu: Btu = IT British Thermal Unit
cal = thermochemical calorie
Definition of horsepower (mechanical): lb (wt) = weight of 1 lb
at standard gravity
Definition of in: in = U.S. inch
ft = U.S. foot (1 ft = 12 in)
Definition; lb = avoirdupois pound
Definition; gal = U.S. gallon
CONVERSION OF VALUES FROM U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS TO SI UNITS
American engineers are probably more familiar with the magnitude of physical
entities in U.S. customary units than in SI units. Consequently, errors made in
the conversion from one set of units to the other may go undetected. The following six examples will show how to convert the elements in six dimensionless
groups. Proper conversions will result in the same numerical value for the
dimensionless number. The dimensionless numbers used as examples are the
Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselt, Grashof, Schmidt, and Archimedes numbers.
Table 1-7 provides a number of useful conversion factors. To make a conversion of an element in U.S. customary units to SI units, one multiplies the value
of the U.S. customary unit, found on the left side in the table, by the equivalent
value on the right side. For example, to convert 10 British thermal units to
joules, one multiplies 10 by 1054.4 to obtain 10544 joules.
In each example, the initial values of the factors are expressed in U.S. customary units, and the dimensionless value is calculated. Then the factors are
converted to SI units, and the dimensionless value is recalculated. The two
dimensionless values will be approximately the same. (Small variations occur
due to the number of significant figures carried in the solution.)
Example 1. Calculation of a Reynolds Number
DVρ
NRe = µ
U.S. customary units
D = 3 in. = 3⁄12 ft
V = 6 ft/s
ρ = 0.08 lbm/ft3
µ = 0.015 cp = (0.015)(0.000672) lbm/ft⋅s
(3/12)(6)(0.08)
NRe = = 11,904
(0.015)(0.000672)
SI units
D = (3)(0.0254) m
V = (6)(0.3048) m/s
ρ = (0.08)(16.018) kg/m3
µ = (0.015)(0.001) kg/m⋅s
(Difference due to rounding)
Example 4. Calculation of a Grashof Number
NGr = L3ρ2gβ(∆T)/µ2
U.S. Customary units
L = 3 ft
ρ = 0.0725 lbm/ft3
g = 32.174 ft/s2
β = 0.00168/°R
∆T = 99 °R
µ = 0.019 centipoise = 0.019 × 0.000672 lbm/ft⋅s
= 1.277 × 10−5 lbm/ft⋅s
(33) (0.0725)2(32.174) (0.00168) (99)
= 4.66 × 109
NGr = (1.277 × 10−5)2
SI units
L = (3)(0.3048) = 0.9144 m
ρ = (0.0725)(16.018) = 1.1613 kg/m3
g = 9.807 m/s2
β = (0.00168)/(1.8) = 0.000933/°K
∆T = (99)(1.8) = 178.2 °K
µ = (0.019)(0.001) = 1.9 × 10−5 kg/m⋅s
(0.9144)3(1.1613)2(9.807)(0.000933)(178.2)
= 4.66 × 109
NGr = (1.9 × 10−5)2
Example 5. Calculation of a Schmidt Number
µ
NSc = ρD
(3 × 0.0254) (6 × 0.3048) (0.08 × 16.018)
NRe = = 11,904
(0.015) (0.001)
Example 2. Calculation of a Prandtl Number
Cp µ
NPr = k
U.S. customary units
γp = 0.47 Btu/lbm °F
µ = 15 centipoise = (15) (0.000672) (3600) lbm/ft⋅hr
k = 0.065 Btu/hr⋅ft2 (°F/ft)
(0.47) (15 × 0.000672 × 3600)
NPr = = 262.4
0.065
SI units
γ = (0.47)(4184) J/kg °C
µ = (15)(0.001) kg/m⋅s
k = (0.065)(1.728) J/s⋅m2 (°C/m)
(0.47) (4184) (15) (0.001)
NPr = = 262.6
(0.065) (1.728)
(Difference due to rounding)
Example 3. Calculation of a Nusselt Number
hD
NNu = k
U.S. customary units
h = 200 Btu/hr⋅ft2⋅°F
D = 1.5 in. = 1.5/12 ft
k = 0.07 Btu/hr⋅ft2 (°F/ft)
(200)(1.5/12)
NNu = = 357.1
0.07
SI units
h = (200)(5.678) J/(s⋅m2⋅°C)
D = (1.5)(0.0254) m
k = (0.07)(1.728) J/s⋅m2 (°C/m)
(200) (5.678) (1.5) (0.0254)
NNu = = 357.7
(0.07) (1.728)
U.S. customary units
µ = 0.02 centipoise = (0.02)(2.42) lbm/ft⋅hr
ρ = 0.08 lbm/ft3
D = 1.0 ft2/hr (diffusivity)
(0.02) (2.42)
NSc = = 0.605
(0.08)(1.0)
SI units
µ = (0.02)(0.001) kg/m⋅s
ρ = (0.08)(16.02) kg/m2
D = (1.0)(2.58 × 10−5) m2/s
(0.02) (0.001)
= 0.605
NSc = (0.08)(16.02)(1.0) (2.58 × 10−5)
Example 6. Calculation of an Archimedes Number
d 3ρf(ρp − ρf)g
NAr = µ2
U.S. customary units
d = 2 mm = 2/[(1000)(0.3048)] = 0.00656 ft
ρf = 0.0175 lbm/ft3
ρp = 168.5 lbm/ft3
g = 32.174 ft/s2
µ = 0.04 centipoise = 0.04 × 0.000672 = 2.688−5 lbm/ft⋅s
(0.00656)3 (0.0175) (168.5 − 0.017) (32.174)
= 37,064
NAr = (2.688 × 10−5)2
SI units
d = 2/1000 m
ρp = 168.5 × 16.02 = 2699.37 kg/m3
ρf = 0.0175 × 16.02 = 0.2804 g/m3
g = 9.807 m/s2
µ = 0.04 × 0.001 = 4 × 10−5 kg/m⋅s
(2/1000)3 (0.2804) (2699.37 − 0.28) (9.807)
= 37,118
NAr = (4 × 10−5)2
(Difference due to rounding)
1-21
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DOI: 10.1036/0071511253
Section 2
Physical and Chemical Data*
Bruce E. Poling Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo (Physical and
Chemical Data)
George H. Thomson AIChE Design Institute for Physical Properties (Physical and Chemical Data)
Daniel G. Friend National Institute of Standards and Technology (Physical and Chemical
Data)
Richard L. Rowley Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University
(Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties)
W. Vincent Wilding Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University
(Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties)
2-10
GENERAL REFERENCES
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to
1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-65
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Tables
2-1
2-2
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic
Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-3
Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to −40 °C . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water
from 0 to −40 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water
from 0 to 100 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150,
2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313,
2-314, and 2-315 Sorted by Chemical Family . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32,
2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312,
2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids,
ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds,
up to 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7
2-28
2-48
2-48
2-48
2-48
2-48
2-49
2-52
2-55
2-61
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-11 Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions
of HCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-12 Partial Pressures of HCl over Aqueous Solutions
of HCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Partial Pressure of
H2O Vapor (Fig. 2-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Weight of H2O
in Saturated Air (Fig. 2-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-13 Partial Pressures of H2O and SO2 over Aqueous
Solutions of Sulfur Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-14 Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric
Acid Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-15 Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous
Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-16 Sulfuric Acid Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous
Sulfuric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-17
Total Pressure, bar, of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . . . . .
2-18 Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous
Solutions of HNO3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O and HBr over Aqueous
Solutions of HBr at 20 to 55 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-80
2-80
2-80
2-81
2-81
2-81
2-82
2-84
2-86
2-87
2-88
2-89
*Contribution in part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.
2-1
Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973, 1963, 1950, 1941, 1934 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
2-2
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
2-29
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
Partial Pressures of HI over Aqueous Solutions
of HI at 25 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressures of the System: Water-Sulfuric
Acid-Nitric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions
of CH3COOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vapor Pressure of Aqueous Diethylene Glycol
Solutions (Fig. 2-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of
NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mole Percentages of H2O over Aqueous Solutions
of NH3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Pressures of NH3 over Aqueous Solutions of
NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of
NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of
Sodium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous
Solutions of Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions
of Sodium Hydroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-89
2-89
2-89
2-89
2-90
2-91
2-92
2-93
2-94
2-94
2-94
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES
Chart for Gases at High Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Content of Air (Fig. 2-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-95
2-95
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Tables
2-30
2-31
2-32
Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from
the Triple Point to the Critical Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density (kg/m3) of Mercury from 0 to 350°C . . . . . . . . . . . .
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) . . . . .
2-96
2-97
2-98
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
Units and Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
Tables
2-33 Aluminum Sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-34 Ammonia (NH3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-35 Ammonium Acetate (CH3COONH4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-36 Ammonium Bichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-37 Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-38 Ammonium Chromate [(NH4)2CrO4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-39 Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-40 Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-41 Arsenic Acid (H3AsO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104
2-42 Barium Chloride (BaCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-43 Cadmium Nitrate [Cd(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-44 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-45 Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-46 Calcium Hypochlorite (CaOCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-47 Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-48 Chromic Acid (CrO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-49 Chromium Chloride (CrCl3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-50 Copper Nitrate [Cu(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-51 Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-52 Cuprous Chloride (CuCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-53 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105
2-54 Ferric Sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-55 Ferric Nitrate [Fe(NO3)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-56 Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-57 Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-58 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-59 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-60 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-61 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-62 Hydrofluosilic Acid (H2SiF6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-63 Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-64 Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-65 Nickel Chloride (NiCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-66 Nickel Nitrate [Ni(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-67 Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106
2-68 Nitric Acid (HNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-107
2-69 Perchloric Acid (HClO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
2-70 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
2-71 Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
2-72 Potassium Bromide (KBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
2-73
2-74
2-75
2-76
2-77
2-78
2-79
2-80
2-81
2-82
2-83
2-84
2-85
2-86
2-87
2-88
2-89
2-90
2-91
2-92
2-93
2-94
2-95
2-96
2-97
2-98
2-99
2-100
2-101
2-102
2-103
2-104
2-105
2-106
2-107
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Chlorate (KClO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Chloride (KCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Chrome Alum [K2Cr2(SO4)4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Sulfite (K2SO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Arsenate (Na3AsO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Bichromate (Na2Cr2O7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Bromide (NaBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Formate (HCOONa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Chlorate (NaClO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Chromate (Na2CrO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Silicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Sulfite (Na2SO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate (Na2S2O3 ⋅5H2O) . . . . . .
Stannic Chloride (SnCl4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stannous Chloride (SnCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc Nitrate [Zn(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
Units and Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-108 Formic Acid (HCOOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-109 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-110 Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-111 Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-112 Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-113 Densities of Mixtures of C2H5OH and H2O at 20°C . . . . .
2-114 Specific Gravity {60°/60°F [(15.56°/15.56°C)]} of
Mixtures by Volume of C2H5OH and H2O . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-115 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-116 Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-117 Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-118 Hydrazine (N2H4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-119 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous
Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-109
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-110
2-111
2-111
2-111
2-111
2-111
2-111
2-111
2-112
2-114
2-114
2-114
2-114
2-114
2-114
2-115
2-116
2-116
2-117
2-118
2-119
2-120
2-120
2-121
2-121
2-122
DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
Tables
2-120
2-121
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of
Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a
Function of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOLUBILITIES
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-122 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at
Various Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-123 Solubility as a Function of Temperature and
Henry’s Constant at 25°C for Gases in Water . . . . . . . . . .
2-124 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in
Water at 25°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-125 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water
at 25°C from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients . . . . . .
2-126 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-127 Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-128 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-129 Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-130 Chlorine (Cl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-131 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-124
2-125
2-125
2-126
2-130
2-130
2-131
2-131
2-131
2-131
2-131
2-132
2-132
2-132
2-133
2-134
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over
Water, mmHg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMAL EXPANSION
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Expansion of Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-135 Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-136 Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances . . . . . . . . .
2-137 Volume Expansion of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-138 Volume Expansion of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-139 Additional References Available for the
Joule-Thomson Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-140 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus in Reduced
Coordinates (Tr = T/Tc; Pr = P/Pc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRITICAL CONSTANTS
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-141 Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic
and Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSIBILITIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Units conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-142 Composition of Selected Refrigerant Mixtures . . . . . . . . . .
2-143 Compressibility Factors for R 407A (Klea 60) . . . . . . . . . .
2-144 Compressibility Factors for R 407B (Klea 61) . . . . . . . . . .
2-145 Compressibilities of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-146 Compressibilities of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATENT HEATS
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements
and Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-148 Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-149 Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic
Liquids (J/kmol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic
Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-152 Specific Heat [kJ/(kg⋅K)] of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . .
2-153 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids
[J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-154 Specific Heats of Organic Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-155 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and
Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a
Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-156 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and
Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit
to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-157 Cp/Cv: Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at
1 atm Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-158 Acetic Acid (at 38°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-159 Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-160 Aniline (at 20°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-161 Copper Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-132
2-132
2-133
2-133
2-133
2-133
2-134
2-135
2-136
2-136
2-162
2-163
2-164
2-165
2-166
2-167
2-168
2-169
2-170
2-171
2-172
2-173
2-174
2-175
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
2-3
Ethyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nitric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phosphoric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potassium Hydroxide (at 19°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normal Propyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium Hydroxide (at 20°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sulfuric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-184
2-184
2-184
2-184
2-184
2-184
2-184
2-184
SPECIFIC HEATS OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2-137
2-137
Tables
2-176
2-177
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids and Solids . . . . . .
Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-143
2-143
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND
COMBUSTION REACTIONS
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table
2-178 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic
Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-179 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies,
and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and
Organic Compounds at 298.15 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-180 Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT − h298 (kJ/kmol),
of Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-181 Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmol⋅K), of
Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-143
2-143
2-143
2-144
2-144
Tables
2-182
2-183
2-137
2-138
2-138
2-144
2-145
2-147
2-148
2-150
2-156
2-156
2-156
2-164
2-165
2-171
2-174
2-176
2-182
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-183
2-185
2-185
2-185
2-186
2-195
2-201
2-202
HEATS OF SOLUTION
Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water . . . . .
Heats of Solution of Organic Compounds in Water
(at Infinite Dilution and Approximately Room
Temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Explanation of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-184 List of Substances for Which Thermodynamic
Property Tables Were Generated from NIST
Standard Reference Database 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-185 Thermodynamic Properties of Acetone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-186 Saturated Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-187 Thermodynamic Properties of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Dry Air (Fig. 2-5) . . . . . . .
2-188 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air, Moist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-189 Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Ammonia (Fig. 2-6) . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous
Ammonia (Fig. 2-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-190 Thermodynamic Properties of Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-191 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Data for the ArgonNitrogen-Oxygen System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-192 Thermodynamic Properties of the International
Standard Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-193 Thermodynamic Properties of Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-194 Saturated Bromine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-195 Thermodynamic Properties of Butane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-196 Thermodynamic Properties of 1-Butene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-197 Thermodynamic Properties of cis-2-Butene . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-198 Thermodynamic Properties of trans-2-Butene . . . . . . . . . .
2-199 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . .
2-200 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Monoxide . . . . . . .
Temperature-Entropy Diagram for Carbon
Monoxide (Fig. 2-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-201
Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Carbon
Tetrachloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-203
2-206
2-207
2-207
2-207
2-207
2-208
2-209
2-210
2-211
2-215
2-216
2-216
2-217
2-219
2-220
2-221
2-224
2-228
2-229
2-231
2-232
2-234
2-236
2-238
2-240
2-242
2-244
2-245
2-4
Tables
2-202
2-203
2-204
2-205
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
Saturated Carbon Tetrafluoride (R14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-245
Thermodynamic Properties of Carbonyl Sulfide . . . . . . . . 2-246
Saturated Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-248
Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Chlorine . . . . . . . 2-249
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Chlorine (Fig. 2-9) . . 2-250
2-206 Saturated Chloroform (R20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-251
2-207 Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclohexane . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-252
2-208 Thermodynamic Properties of Decane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-254
2-209 Thermodynamic Properties of Deuterium Oxide
(Heavy Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-256
2-210 Thermodynamic Properties of 2,2-Dimethylpropane
(Neopentane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-258
2-211 Saturated Diphenyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-260
2-212 Thermodynamic Properties of Dodecane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-261
2-213 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-263
2-214 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-265
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Ethyl
Alcohol (Fig. 2-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-267
2-215 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-268
2-216 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-270
2-217 Flutec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-271
2-218 Halon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-271
2-219 Thermodynamic Properties of Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-272
2-220 Thermodynamic Properties of Heptane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-274
2-221 Thermodynamic Properties of Hexane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-276
2-222 Saturated Hydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-278
2-223 Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Hydrogen . . . . . . . 2-279
2-224 Thermodynamic Properties of para-Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . 2-281
2-225
Saturated Hydrogen Peroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-282
2-226 Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Sulfide . . . . . . . . 2-283
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Hydrogen
Chloride at 1 atm (Fig. 2-11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-285
2-227 Thermodynamic Properties of Isobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-286
2-228 Thermodynamic Properties of Isobutene
(2-Methyl 1-Propene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-288
2-229 Thermodynamic Properties of Krypton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-290
2-230
Saturated Lithium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-292
2-231
Lithium Bromide—Water Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-292
2-232
Saturated Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-293
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Mercury (Fig. 2-12) . 2-295
2-233 Thermodynamic Properties of Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-296
2-234 Thermodynamic Properties of Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-298
2-235 Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Methyl Butane (Isopentane) 2-300
2-236 Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Methyl Pentane
(Isohexane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-302
2-237
Saturated Methyl Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-304
2-238 Thermodynamic Properties of Neon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-305
2-239 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-307
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Nitrogen (Fig. 2-13) . . . . . 2-309
2-240
Saturated Nitrogen Tetroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-310
2-241 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen Trifluoride . . . . . 2-311
2-242 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . 2-313
Mollier Diagram for Nitrous Oxide (Fig. 2-14). . . . . . . . . . 2-315
2-243 Thermodynamic Properties of Nonane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-316
2-244 Thermodynamic Properties of Octane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-318
2-245 Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-320
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Oxygen (Fig. 2-15) . . . . . . 2-322
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Oxygen-Nitrogen
Mixture at 1 atm (Fig. 2-16). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-323
2-246 Thermodynamic Properties of Pentane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-324
2-247
Saturated Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-326
Mollier Diagram for Potassium (Fig. 2-17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-326
2-248 Thermodynamic Properties of Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-327
2-249 Thermodynamic Properties of Propylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-329
2-250 Thermodynamic Properties of R-11, Trichlorofluoromethane 2-331
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 11 (Fig. 2-18)
2-333
2-251 Thermodynamic Properties of R-12,
Dichlorodifluoromethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-334
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 12 (Fig. 2-19)
2-336
2-252 Thermodynamic Properties of R-13, Chlorotrifluoromethane 2-337
Refrigerant 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-339
Refrigerant 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-339
2-253 Saturated Refrigerant 13B1, Bromotrifluoromethane . . . . . 2-339
2-254 Saturated Refrigerant 21, Dichlorofluoromethane . . . . . . . . 2-339
2-255 Thermodynamic Properties of R-22, Chlorodifluoromethane 2-340
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22 (Fig. 2-20) . 2-342
2-256 Thermodynamic Properties of R-23, Trifluoromethane . . . . 2-343
2-257 Thermodynamic Properties of R-32, Difluoromethane . . . . 2-345
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32 (Fig. 2-21) . 2-347
2-258
2-259
2-260
2-261
2-262
2-263
2-264
2-265
2-266
2-267
2-268
2-269
2-270
2-271
2-272
2-273
2-274
2-275
2-276
2-277
2-278
2-279
2-280
2-281
2-282
2-283
2-284
2-285
2-286
2-287
2-288
2-289
2-290
2-291
2-292
2-293
2-294
2-295
2-296
2-297
2-298
2-299
2-300
2-301
2-302
2-303
2-304
2-305
2-306
2-307
2-308
2-309
Thermodynamic Properties of R-41, Fluoromethane . . . . .
Saturated R-401A (SUVA MP 39) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R-401A (SUVA MP 39) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated R-407A (Klea 60)
Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated R-407B (Klea 61)
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for R-407A (Klea 60)
(Fig. 2-22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for R-407B (Klea 61)
(Fig. 2-23). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated R-404A (SUVA HP 62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R-404A (SUVA HP 62) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant 123
Saturated R-401B (SUVA MP 66) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R-401B (SUVA MP 66) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . .
Saturated R-402A (SUVA HP 80) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R-402A (SUVA HP 80) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . .
Saturated R-402B (SUVA HP 81) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R-402B (SUVA HP 81) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-113, 1,1,
2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-114, 1,
2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 115, Chloropentafluoroethane . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-116, Hexafluoroethane . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-123,
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant 123
(Fig. 2-24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-124,
2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-125, Pentafluoroethane . .
Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant
125 (Fig. 2-25). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-134a, 1,1,1,2Tetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a (Fig. 2-26)
Thermodynamic Properties of R-141b, 1,1-Dichloro-1Fluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-142b, 1-Chloro-1,1Difluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-143a, 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane
Thermodynamic Properties of R-152a, 1,1-Difluoroethane .
Saturated Refrigerant 216a, 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3Hexafluoropropane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-218, Octafluoropropane . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-227ea, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3Heptafluoropropane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 245cb 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane .
Refrigerant RC 318, Octafluorocyclobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-404A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-407C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C (Fig. 2-27)
Thermodynamic Properties of R-410A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Refrigerant 504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant 507 . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of R-507A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Seawater . . . . . . . .
Saturated Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mollier Diagram for Sodium (Fig. 2-28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sodium
Hydroxide at 1 atm (Fig. 2-29) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfur Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfur Hexafluoride . . . . . . .
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
(Fig. 2-30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated SUVA AC 9000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sulfuric Acid
at 1 atm (Fig. 2-31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Toluene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saturated Solid/Vapor Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Water Substance
along the Melting Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thermodynamic Properties of Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surface Tension (N/m) of Saturated Liquid Refrigerants . .
Surface Tension σ (dyn/cm) of Various Liquids . . . . . . . . . .
2-348
2-350
2-350
2-351
2-351
2-352
2-353
2-354
2-354
2-355
2-355
2-355
2-356
2-356
2-356
2-357
2-359
2-361
2-362
2-365
2-366
2-367
2-369
2-371
2-372
2-374
2-375
2-377
2-379
2-381
2-383
2-384
2-386
2-388
2-388
2-389
2-391
2-393
2-394
2-396
2-396
2-397
2-397
2-397
2-398
2-400
2-400
2-401
2-402
2-403
2-404
2-406
2-408
2-409
2-409
2-410
2-412
2-413
2-416
2-417
2-419
2-419
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
2-310 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Gaseous Refrigerants
at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-311 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Saturated Liquid Refrigerants . .
2-312 Vapor Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Substances (Pas)
2-313 Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (Pas) . . . . . . . .
2-314 Vapor Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic
Substances [W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-315 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids
[W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-316 Transport Properties of Selected Gases at Atmospheric
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-317 Lower and Upper Flammability Limits,
Flash Point, and Autoignition Temperature for
Selected Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-318 Viscosities of Liquids: Coordinates for Use with Fig. 2-32 . .
Nomograph for Viscosities of Liquids at 1 atm (Fig. 2-32) . .
Tables
2-319 Viscosity of Sucrose Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nomograph for Thermal Conductivity of Organic Liquids
(Fig. 2-33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-320 Thermal Conductivity Nomograph Coordinates . . . . . . . . . .
2-321 Prandtl Number of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-322 Prandtl Number of Liquid Refrigerants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-323 Thermophysical Properties of Miscellaneous Saturated
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-324 Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) . . . . . . . .
2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-326 Thermal Conductivities of Some Building and Insulating
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-327 Thermal-Conductivity-Temperature for Metals . . . . . . . . . .
2-328 Thermal Conductivity of Chromium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-329 Thermal Conductivity of Some Alloys at High Temperature
2-330 Thermal Conductivities of Some Materials for
Refrigeration and Building Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-331 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at High
Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-332 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at
Moderate Temperatures (Nusselt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-333 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials
at Low Temperatures (Gröber) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-334 Thermal Diffusivity (m2/s) of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . .
2-335 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solid
Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-420
2-420
2-420
2-420
2-420
2-421
2-427
2-433
2-439
2-445
2-446
2-448
2-449
2-450
2-450
2-450
2-451
2-451
2-452
2-454
2-456
2-459
2-460
2-461
2-461
2-461
2-461
2-462
2-462
2-462
2-463
PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-463
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-464
Classification of Estimation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467
Theory and Empirical Extension of Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467
Corresponding States (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467
Group Contributions (GC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467
Computational Chemistry (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468
Empirical QSPR Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468
Molecular Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468
Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468
Critical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468
Tables
2-336 Ambrose Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . 2-469
2-337 Joback Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . . . 2-470
Normal Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471
Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471
2-338 Fedors Method Atomic and Structural Contributions . . . . . 2-471
2-339 First-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting
Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472
2-340 Second-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting
Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472
Characterizing and Correlating Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-473
2-5
2-341 Group Contributions for the Nannoolal Method for
Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-474
2-342 Intermolecular Interaction Corrections for the
Nannoolal et al. Method for Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . 2-476
Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-477
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-477
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478
Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478
Enthalpy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-478
2-343 Domalski-Hearing Group Contribution Values for
Standard State Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-479
Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-485
Gibbs’ Energy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486
Latent Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486
Enthalpy of Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-486
Enthalpy of Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-487
Enthalpy of Sublimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-488
2-344 Cs (CH) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆Hfus . 2-488
2-345 Ct (Functional) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆Hfus 2-488
Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-489
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-489
2-346 Group Contributions and Corrections for ∆Hsub . . . . . . . . . 2-489
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-490
2-347 Benson and CHETAH Group Contributions for Ideal Gas
Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-491
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-495
2-348 Liquid Heat Capacity Group Parameters for
Ruzicka-Domalski Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-496
Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497
Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-497
2-349 Group Values and Nonlinear Correction Terms for
Estimation of Solid Heat Capacity with the Goodman et al.
Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-498
2-350 Element Contributions to Solid Heat Capacity for the
Modified Kopp’s Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-498
2-351 Simple Fluid Compressibility Factors Z(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-500
2-352 Acentric Deviations Z(1) from the Simple Fluid
Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-501
2-353 Constants for the Two Reference Fluids Used in Lee-Kesler
Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-502
2-354 Relationships for Eq. (2-66) for Common Cubic EoS . . . . . 2-502
Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-503
Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-503
Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-504
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-504
2-355 Reichenberg Group Contribution Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-505
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-506
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-506
2-356 Group Contributions for the Hsu et al. Method . . . . . . . . . . 2-507
2-357 UNIFAC-VISCO Group Interaction Parameters αmn . . . . . . 2-509
Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-509
Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-510
Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-510
2-358 Correlation Parameters for Baroncini et al. Method for
Estimation of Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-511
2-359 Sastri-Rao Group Contributions for Liquid Thermal
Conductivity at the Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-511
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-512
Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-513
Pure Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-513
Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514
2-360 Knotts Group Contributions for the Parachor in Estimating
Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514
Flammability Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-515
2-361 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits
Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-516
2-362 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits
Method for Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-516
2-363 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature
Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-517
2-364 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature
Method for Inorganic Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-517
GENERAL REFERENCES
Considerations of reader interest, space availability, the system or systems of units
employed, copyright considerations, etc., have all influenced the revision of material in previous editions for the present edition. Reference is made at numerous
places to various specialized works and, when appropriate, to more general works.
A listing of general works may be useful to readers in need of further information.
ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, SI edition, ASHRAE, Atlanta,
2005; Benedek, P., and F. Olti, Computer-Aided Chemical Thermodynamics of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1985; Brule, M. R., L.
L. Lee, and K. E. Starling, Chem. Eng., 86, 25, Nov. 19, 1979, pp.
155–164; Cox, J. D., and G. Pilcher, Thermochemistry of Organic and
Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970; Cox, J.
D., D. D. Wagman, and V. A. Medvedev, CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989; Daubert,
T. E., R. P. Danner, H. M. Sibel, and C. C. Stebbins, Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, Taylor &
Francis, Washington, 1997; Domalski, E. S., and E. D. Hearing, Heat
capacities and entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase,
vol. 3, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 25(1):1–525, Jan-Feb 1996; Dykyj, J.,
and M. Repas, Saturated vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda,
Bratislava, 1979 (Slovak); Dykyj, J., M. Repas, and J. Svoboda, Saturated
vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1984 (Slovak);
Glushko, V. P., Ed., Thermal Constants of Compounds, Issues I–X.,
Moscow, 1965–1982 (Russian only); Gmehling, J., Azeotropic Data, 2
vols., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1994; Gmehling, J., and U. Onken,
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, Dechema Chemistry Data
Series, Frankfurt, 1977–1978; International Data Series, Selected Data
on Mixtures, Series A: Thermodynamics Research Center, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Kaye, S. M.,
Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, U.S. Army R&D command, Dover, N.J., 1980; King, M. B., Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures,
Pergamon, Oxford, 1969; Landolt-Boernstein, Numerical Data and
Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (New Series),
http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-10113-295859-0,00.html; Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005; Lyman, W. J., W.
F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990; Majer, V., and V. Svoboda, Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical
Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Science, 1985; Majer V., V.
Svoboda, and J. Pick, Heats of Vaporization of Fluids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989 (general discussion); Marsh, K. N., Recommended Reference
Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell
Science, 1987; NIST-IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Pergamon Press,
http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/1999/march/solubility.html; Ohse,
R. W., and H. von Tippelskirch, High Temp.—High Press., 9:367–385,
1977; Ohse, R. W., Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Science Pubs., Oxford, England, 1985;
Pedley, J. B., R. D. Naylor, and S. P. Kirby, Thermochemical Data of
Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986; Physical
Property Data for the Design Engineer, Hemisphere, New York, 1989;
Poling, B. E., J. M. Prausnitz, and J. P. O’Connell, The Properties of
2-6
Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001; Rothman,
D, et al., Max Planck Inst. f. Stromungsforschung, Ber 6, 1978; Smith,
B. D., and R. Srivastava, Thermodynamic Data for Pure Compounds,
Part A: Hydrocarbons and Ketones, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, Physical sciences data 25, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookseriesdescription.librarians/BS_PSD/description; Sterbacek, Z., B. Biskup, and
P. Tausk, Calculation of Properties Using Corresponding States Methods, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979; Stull, D. R., E. F. Westrum, and G. C.
Sink, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley,
New York, 1969; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Boulder, Colo.; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—NonHydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Young, D. A., “Phase Diagrams of the Elements,” UCRL Rep. 51902, 1975 republished in
expanded form by the University of California Press, 1991; Zabransky,
M., V. Ruzicka, Jr., V. Majer, and E. S. Domalski, Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values, J. Phy. Chem. Ref.
Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996.
CRITICAL DATA ARE COMPILED IN:
Ambrose, D., “Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties,” N. P. L. Teddington,
Middlesex, Rep. 107, 1980; Kudchaker, A. P., G. H. Alani, and B. J.
Zwolinski, Chem. Revs. 68:659–735, 1968; Matthews, J. F., Chem.
Revs. 72:71–100, 1972; Simmrock, K., R. Janowsky, and A. Ohnsorge,
Critical Data of Pure Substances, Parts 1 and 2, Dechema Chemistry
Data Series, 1986; Other recent references for critical data can be
found in Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th
ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005.
PUBLICATIONS ON THERMOCHEMISTRY
Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, 1, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994
(976 pp., 3000 cpds.); Frenkel, M., et al., Thermodynamics of Organic
Compounds in the Gas State, 2 vols., Thermodynamic Research Center,
Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (1825 pp., 2000 cpds.); Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 2 vols., 2d ed., VCH Weinheim, Germany,
1993 (1834 pp., 2400 substances); Gurvich, L.V., et al., Thermodynamic
Properties of Individual Substances, 3 vols., 4th ed., Hemisphere, New
York, 1989, 1990, and 1993 (2520 pp.); Lide, D. R., and G. W. A. Milne,
Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 7 vols., 3d ed., Chemical
Rubber, Miami, 1993 (7000 pp.); Daubert, T. E., et al., Physical and
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation,
extant 1995, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, Pa., 1995; Database 11, NIST,
Gaithersburg, Md. U.S. Bureau of Mines publications include Bulletins
584, 1960 (232 pp.); 592, 1961 (149 pp.); 595, 1961 (68 pp.); 654, 1970
(26 pp.); Chase, M. W., et al., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3d ed., J.
Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 suppl 1., 1986 (1896 pp.); Journal of Physical
and Chemical Reference Data is available online at http://listserv.
nd.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0501&L=pamnet&F=&S=&P=8490 and at
http://www.nist.gov/srd/reprints.htm
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Abbreviations Used in the Table
a., acid
A., specific gravity with reference to air = 1
abs., absolute
ac., acetic acid
act., acetone
al., 95 percent ethyl alcohol
alk, alkali (i.e., aq. NaOH or
KOH)
am., amyl (C5H11)
amor., amorphous
anh., anhydrous
aq., aqueous or water
aq. reg., aqua regia
atm., atmosphere or 760 mm. of
mercury pressure
bk., black
brn., brown
bz., benzene
c., cold
cb., cubic
cc, cubic centimeter
chl., chloroform
col., colorless or white
conc., concentrated
cr., crystals or crystalline
d., decomposes
D., specific gravity with reference to hydrogen = 1
d. 50, decomposes at 50°C; 50
d., melts at 50°C with
decomposition
delq., deliquescent
dil., dilute
dk., dark
eff., effloresces or efflorescent
et., ethyl ether
expl., explodes
gel., gelatinous
gly., glycerol (glycerin)
gn., green
h., hot
hex., hexagonal
hyg., hygroscopic
i., insoluble
ign., ignites
lq., liquid
lt., light
m. al., methyl alcohol
mn., monoclinic
nd., needles
NH3, liquid ammonia
NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide
solution
oct., octahedral
or., orange
pd., powder
Formula weights are based upon the International Atomic Weights in “Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001,” Pure Appl. Chem., 75, 1107, 2003, and are computed to the nearest hundredth.
Refractive index, where given for a uniaxial crystal, is for the ordinary (ω) ray; where given for a biaxial crystal, the index given is for the median (β) value. Unless otherwise specified, the index is given for
the sodium D-line (λ = 589.3 mµ).
Specific gravity values are given at room temperatures (15 to 20 °C) unless otherwise indicated by
the small figures which follow the value: thus, “5.6 18°
4 ” indicates a specific gravity of 5.6 for the substance
at 18 °C referred to water at 4°C. In this table the values for the specific gravity of gases are given with
reference to air (A) = 1, or hydrogen (D) = 1.
Melting point is recorded in a certain case as “82 d.” and in some other case as “d. 82,” the distinction being made in this manner to indicate that the former is a melting point with decomposition at 82°C,
while in the latter decomposition only occurs at 82 °C. Where a value such as “−2H2O, 82” is given it indicates loss of 2 moles of water per formula weight of the compound at a temperature of 82 °C.
Boiling point is given at atmospheric pressure (760 mm. of mercury) unless otherwise indicated;
thus, “8215 mm.” indicates the boiling point is 82°C when the pressure is 15 mm.
Name
Aluminum
acetate, normal
acetate, basic
bromide
bromide
carbide
chloride
chloride
fluoride (fluellite)
fluoride
hydroxide
nitrate
nitride
oxide
oxide (corundum)
phosphate
trig., trigonal
v., very
vac., in vacuo
vl., violet
volt., volatile or volatilizes
wh., white
yel., yellow
∞, soluble in all proportions
<, less than
>, greater than
42, about or near 42
−3H2O, 100, loses 3 moles of
water per formula weight at
100°C
Solubility is given in parts by weight (of the formula shown at the extreme left) per 100 parts by
weight of the solvent; the small superscript indicates the temperature. In the case of gases the solubility
is often expressed in some manner as “510° cc” which indicates that at 10 °C, 5 cc. of the gas are soluble in
100 g of the solvent. The symbols of the common mineral acids: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, etc., represent
dilute aqueous solutions of these acids. See also special tables on Solubility.
REFERENCES: The information given in this table has been collected mainly from the following sources:
Mellor, A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Longmans, New York, 1922.
Abegg, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1905. Gmelin-Kraut, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 7th ed., Carl Winter, Heidelberg; 8th ed., Verlag Chemie, Berlin, 1924. Friend, Textbook
of Inorganic Chemistry, Griffin, London, 1914. Winchell, Microscopic Character of Artificial Inorganic
Solid Substances or Artificial Minerals, Wiley, New York, 1931. International Critical Tables, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1926. Tables annuelles internationales de constants et donnes numeriques, McGraw-Hill, New
York. Annual Tables of Physical Constants and Numerical Data, National Research Council, Princeton,
N.J., 1943. Comey and Hahn, A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities, Macmillan, New York, 1921. Seidell,
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal Organic Compounds, Van Nostrand, New York, 1940.
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Al
Al(C2H3O2)3
Al(OH)(C2H3O2)2
AlBr3
AlBr36H2O
Al4C3
AlCl3
26.98
204.11
162.08
266.69
374.78
143.96
133.34
silv., cb.
wh. pd.
wh., amor.
trig.
col., delq. cr.
yel., hex., 2.70
wh., delq., hex.
2.7020°
AlCl3·6H2O
AlF3H2O
Al2F67H2O
Al(OH)3
Al(NO3)39H2O
Al2N2
Al2O3
Al2O3
AlPO4
241.43
101.99
294.06
78.00
375.13
81.98
101.96
101.96
121.95
col., delq., trig., 1.560
col., rhb., 1.490
wh., cr. pd.
wh., mn.
rhb., delq.
yel., hex.
col., hex., 1.67–8
wh., trig., 1.768
col., hex.
Formula
pl., plates
pr., prisms or prismatic
pyr., pyridine
rhb., rhombic (orthorhombic)
s., soluble
satd., saturated
sl., slightly
soln., solution
subl., sublimes
sulf., sulfides
tart. a., tartaric acid
tet., tetragonal
tr., transition
tri., triclinic
3.01 25°
4
2.95
2.44 25°
4
2.17
2.42
3.05 25°
4
3.99
4.00
2.59
Melting
point, °C
660
d. 200
d.
97.5
d. 100
d. >2200
1945.2atm.
d.
−4H2O, 120
−2H2O, 300
73
21504atm.
1999 to 2032
1999 to 2032
Boiling
point, °C
2056
268
752mm
182.7
;
subl. 178
−6H2O, 250
d. 134
d. >1400
2210
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
i.
s.
i.
s.
s.
d. to CH4
69.8715°
i.
d.
400
sl. s.
i.
0.00010418°
v. s.
d. slowly
i.
i.
i.
Other reagents
s. HCl, H2SO4, alk.
s. d.
s.a.; i. NH4 salts
s.al., act., CS2
s. al., CS2
s. a.; i. act.
s. et., chl., CCl4; i. bz.
v. s.
50 al.; s. et.
s.
sl. s.
i.
v. s. d.
i.
i.
i.
2-7
*By N. A. Lange, Ph.D., Handbook Publishers, Inc., Sandusky, Ohio. Abridged from table of Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry.
s. a., alk.; i. a.
s. al., CS2
s. alk. d.
v. sl. s. a., alk.
v. sl. s. a., alk.
s. a., alk.; i. ac.
2-8
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
3Al2O3K2O6SiO2·
2H2O
Al2O3K2O6SiO2
AlK(C4H4O6)2
AlF33NaF
Al2O3Na2O6SiO2
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4
24H2O
Cr2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4
24H2O
Fe2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4
24H2O
Al2(SO4)3K2SO4
24H2O
Cr2(SO4)3K2SO4
24H2O
Al2(SO4)3Na2SO4
24H2O
NH3
796.61
mn., 1.590
2.9
d.
i.
556.66
362.22
209.94
524.44
342.15
906.66
col., mn., 1.524
col.
wh., mn., 1.3389
col., tri., 1.529
wh. cr.
col., oct., 1.4594
2.56
1450 (1150)
2.90
2.61
2.71
1.64 20°
4
1000
1100
d. 770
93.5
i.
s.
sl. s.
i.
31.30°
3.90°
17.03
col. gas, 1.325 (lq.)
77.08
337.09
79.06
97.94
114.10
157.13
wh., hyg. cr.
pl.
mn. or rhb., 1.5358
col., cb., 1.7108
col. pl.
wh. cr.
272.21
wh.
chloride (salammoniac)
chloroplatinate
chloroplatinite
chlorostannate
chromate
cyanide
dichromate
ferrocyanide
fluoride
fluoride, acid
formate
NH4C2H3O2
NH4CNAu(CN)3H2O
NH4HCO3
NH4Br
(NH4)2CO3H2O
NH4HCO3
NH2CO2NH4‡
(NH4)2CO3
2NH4HCO3H2O
NH4Cl
(NH4)2PtCl6
(NH4)2PtCl4
(NH4)2SnCl6
(NH4)2CrO4
NH4CN
(NH4)2Cr2O7
(NH4)4Fe(CN)66H2O
NH4F
NH4FHF
HCO2NH4
53.49
443.87
372.97
367.50
152.07
44.06
252.06
392.19
37.04
57.04
63.06
wh., cb., 1.639, 1.6426
yel., cb.
tet.
pink., cb.
yel., mn.
col., cb.
or., mn.
mn.
wh., hex.
wh., rhb., 1.390
col., mn., delq.
hydrosulfide
hydroxide
molybdate
molybdate, heptanitrate (α), stable −16° to 32°
nitrate (β), stable 32° to 84°
NH4HS
NH4OH
(NH4)2MoO4
(NH4)6Mo7O244H2O‡
NH4NO3
NH4NO3
51.11
35.05
196.01
1235.86
80.04
80.04
col., rhb.
in soln. only
mn.
col., mn.
col., tet., 1.611
col., rhb. or mn.
nitrite
osmochloride
oxalate
oxalate, acid
perchlorate
persulfate
phosphate, monobasic
NH4NO2
(NH4)2OsCl6
(NH4)2C2O4H2O
NH4HC2O4H2O
NH4ClO4
(NH4)2S2O8
NH4H2PO4
64.04
439.02
142.11
125.08
117.49
228.20
115.03
wh. nd.
cb.
col., rhb.
col., trimetric
col., rhb., 1.4833
wh., mn., 1.5016
col., tet., 1.5246
Aluminum (Cont.)
potassium silicate (muscovite)
potassium silicate (orthoclase)
Aluminum potassium tartrate
sodium fluoride (cryolite)
sodium silicate
sulfate
Alum, ammonium (tschermigite)
ammonium chrome
ammonium iron
potassium (kalinite)
potassium chrome
sodium
Ammonia†
Ammonium acetate
auricyanide
bicarbonate
bromide
carbonate
carbonate, carbamate
carbonate, sesqui-
Formula
956.69
964.38
gn. or vl., oct., 1.4842
1.72
Melting
point, °C
100 d.
vl., oct., 1.485
1.71
948.78
col., mn., 1.4564
1.76 26°
4
92
998.81
red or gn., cb., 1.4814
1.83
89
col., oct., 1.4388
1.675 20°
4
916.56
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Formula
weight
Name
−20H2O, 120;
−24H2O, 200
0.817
0.5971 (A)
1.073
1.573
2.327 15°
4
−18H2O, 64.5
2.4
1.91712°
0.79100° (A)
2.15
12°
2.21 12
1.266
i.
89100°
∞ 100°
25°
21.2
5.7 °
i. HCl
d. a.
i. al.
s. al.
i. al.
∞
0
93°
20
50
0°
61
Other reagents
s.
124
i. al.
45°
106.4
121.7
0°
96°
i. al.
−77.7
−33.4
89.9
7.4
14.820° al.; s. et.
114
d. 200
d. 35–60
subl. 542
d. 58
subl.
d.
1484°
s.
11.90°
6810°
10015°
2515°
v. s.
2730°
145.6100°
s. al.; sl. s. act.
i. al.
i. al.
s. al., et., act.
i. al., CS2, NH3
2015°
5049°
29.40°
0.715°
s.
33.315°
40.530°
s.
47.230°
s.
v. s.
v. s.
1020°
77.3100°
1.25100°
v. s.
s. NH3; sl. s. al., m. al.
0.005 al.
d.
v. s.
v. s.
d.
sl. s. act., NH3; i. al.
s. al.
s. al.; i. act.
i. al.
s. al.; i. NH3
53180°
s. al.
d.
1.5317°
3.065
Hot water
25°
40
−79°
Cold water
d. 350
d.
d.
subl. 520
d. 180
36
d. 185
d.
114–116
d.
2.27
d.
1.66 25°
4
1.725 25°
4
169.6
1.69
2.93 20°
4
1.501
1.556
1.95
1.98
1.803 19°
4
expl.
d. 180; subl.
in vac.
subl. 120
d. 210
d. 210
v. s.
s.
d.
4425°
118.30°
365.835°
241.830°
58080°
s.
d.
0°
d.
d.
d. 120
6765°
2.5
s.
10.90°
58.20°
22.70°
s. al.
d.
11.850°
100°
46.9
d.
173.2100°
i. al., NH3
i. al.
3.820° al., 17.120° m. al.;
v. s. NH3
s. al.
sl. s. al.; i. NH3
220° al.; s. act.; i. et.
i. ac.
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, metaAmmonium phosphomolybdate
silicofluoride
sulfamate
sulfate (mascagnite)
sulfate, acid
sulfide
sulfide, pentasulfite
sulfite, acid
tartrate
thiocyanate
vanadate, metaAntimony
(NH4)2HPO4
(NH4)4P4O12
(NH4)3PO412MoO3
3H2O (?)
(NH4)2SiF6
NH4SO3NH2
(NH4)2SO4
NH4HSO4
(NH4)2S
(NH4)2S5
(NH4)2SO3H2O
NH4HSO3
(NH4)2C4H4O6
NH4CNS
NH4VO3
Sb
132.06
388.04
1930.39
178.15
114.12
132.14
115.11
68.14
196.40
134.16
99.11
184.15
76.12
116.98
121.76
col., mn., 1.53
col., mn.
yel.
13115°
s.
0.0315°
1.619
2.21
d.
2.01
i.
s. alk.; i. al., HNO3
55.5
35750°
103.3100°
s. al.; i. act.
1380
18.5
1340°
70.60°
100
v. s.
s.
10012°
s.
450°
1200°
0.4418°
i.
∞72°
1.41
2.03 12°
4
1.60
1.305
2.326
6.68425°
d.
d.
d.
149.6
d.
630.5
73.4
220.2
601.60°
1570
v. sl. s.
1.78
132
235 d.
146.9
d.
subl.
d. 160
17.5°
cb., 1.3696
col. pl.
col., rhb., 1.5230
col., rhb., 1.480
yel.-wh.
or.-red pr.
col., mn.
rhb.
col., mn.
col., mn., 1.685
col. cr.
tin wh., trig.
1.769 20°
4
i. act.
490
d. 170
i. al., act., CS2
v. sl. s. al.; i. act.
12025° NH3
i. al., act.
60°
87
17020°
3.0570°
i.
sl. s. al.
s. al., act., NH3, SO2
i. al., NH4Cl
s. aq. reg., h. conc.
H2SO4
s. al., HCl, HBr,
H2C4H4O6
s. HCl, KOH, H2C4H4O6
chloride, tri- (butter of
antimony)*
oxide, tri- (valentinite)
oxide, tri- (senarmontite)
sulfide, tri- (stibnite)
SbCl3
228.12
col., rhb., delq.
3.14 20°
4
Sb2O3
Sb2O3
Sb2S3
291.52
291.52
339.72
rhb., 2.35
cb., 2.087
bk., rhb., 4.046
5.67
5.2
4.64
656
652
550
0.00017
d.
sulfide, pentatelluride, triAntimonyl potassium tartrate
(tartar emetic)
sulfate, normal
sulfate, basic
Argon
Sb2S5
Sb2Te3
403.85
626.32
golden
gray
4.1200°
−2S, 135
629
i.
i.
(SbO)KC4H4O6aH2O
(SbO)2SO4
(SbO)2SO4Sb2(OH)4
Ar
333.94
371.58
683.20
39.95
wh., rhb.
wh. pd.
wh. pd.
col. gas
2.60
4.89
−aH2O, 100
−189.2
−185.7
35.7100°
d.
d.
2.2350° cc
s. gly.; i. al.
Arsenic (crystalline) (α)
Arsenic (black) (β)
As4
As4
299.69
299.69
met., hex.
bk., amor.
1.65−288°;
1.402−185.7°;
1.38 (A)
5.72714°
4.720°
5.268.7°
d.
i.
5.60° cc
81436atm.
subl. 615
i.
i.
i.
i.
Arsenic (yellow)(γ)
acid, orthoacid, metaacid, pyropentoxide
sulfide, di- (realgar)
As4
H3AsO4aH2O
HAsO3
H4As2O7
As2O5
As2S2
299.69
150.95
123.93
265.87
229.84
213.97
yel., cb.
col., hyg.
wh., hyg.
col.
wh., amor.
red, mn., 2.68
2.020°
2.0–2.5
s. HNO3
s. HNO3, aq. reg.,
aq. Cl2, h. alk.
d. 358
35.5
d.
d. 206
−H2O, 160
50
H3AsO4
H3AsO4
76.7100°
d.
s. alk.
d.
565
16.7
d. to form
d. to form
59.50°
i.
s. alk., al.
s. K2S, NaHCO3
sulfide, pentaArsenious chloride (butter of
arsenic)
hydride (arsine)
oxide (arsenolite)
oxide (claudetite)
oxide
As2S5
310.17
yel.
d. 500
0.0001360°
i.
s. HNO3, alk.
AsCl3
AsH3
As2O3
As2O3
As2O3
181.28
77.95
197.84
197.84
197.84
oily lq.
col. gas
col., cb., fibrous, 1.755
col., mn., 1.92
amor. or vitreous
130
−55; d. 230
d.
20 cc
sl. s.
sl. s.
1.210°
d.
sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
2.9340°
Auric chloride
AuCl32H2O
339.36
or. cr.
v. s.
v. s.
cyanide
Aurous chloride
cyanide
Cf. also under Gold
Barium
acetate
acetate
bromide
Au(CN)36H2O
AuCl
AuCN
383.11
232.42
222.98
yel. cr.
yel. cr.
7.4
v. s.
d.
i.
v. s.
d.
i.
s. HCl, HBr, PCl3
sl. s. alk.
i. al., et.
i. al., et.
s. HCl, alk., Na2CO3;
i. al., et.
s. HCl, al., et.; sl. s.
NH3
s. al.
s. HCl, HBr; d. al.
s. KCN; i. al., et.
Ba
Ba(C2H3O2)2
Ba(C2H3O2)2H2O
BaBr2
137.33
255.42
273.43
297.14
silv. met.
col.
wh., tri. pr., 1.517
col.
3.5
2.468
2.19
4.781 24°
4
d.
58.80°
7530°(anh.)
980°
d.
75.0100°
7940°(anh.)
149100°
2-9
*Usually the solution.
†See special tables.
‡Usual commercial form.
4.086
(α)3.50619°;
(β)3.25419°
lq. 2.163
2.695 (A)
3.865 25°
4
3.85
3.738
(α)tr. 267;
(β)307
−18
−113.5
subl.
subl.
315
sl. s.
18°
d.
d. 50
AuCl3, 170
d.
d. 290
850
1140
−H2O, 41
847
d.
s. HCl; alk., NH4HS,
K2S; i. ac.
s. HCl, alk., NH4HS
5.1515° gly.
2425° cc al.
s. a.; d. al.
i. al.
v. s. m. al.; v. sl. s. act.
2-10
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
BaBr22H2O
BaCO3
BaCO3
BaCO3
Ba(ClO3)2
Ba(ClO3)2H2O*
BaCl2
BaCl2
BaCl22H2O†
Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)28H2O
Ba(NO3)2
BaC2O4
BaO
333.17
197.34
197.34
197.34
304.23
322.24
208.23
208.23
244.26
171.34
315.46
261.34
225.35
153.33
col., mn., 1.7266
wh., rhb., 1.676
wh., hex.
wh.
col.
col., mn., 1.577
col., mn., 1.7361
col., cb.
col., mn., 1.646
col., mn.
col., mn., 1.5017
col., cb., 1.572
wh. cr.
col., cb., 1.98
3.69
4.29
BaO2*
BaO28H2O
BaH4(PO4)2
BaHPO4
Ba3(PO4)2
Ba2P2O7
BaSiF6
BaSO4
169.33
313.45
331.30
233.31
601.92
448.60
279.40
233.39
gray or wh. pd.
pearly sc.
tri.
wh., rhb. nd., 1.635
wh., cb.
wh., rhb.
pr.
col., rhb., 1.636
BaS
BaS3
BaS42H2O
Be(Gl)
Bi
169.39
233.52
301.62
9.01
208.98
Bi2O3CO2H2O
BiCl2(?)
BiCl3*
Bi(NO3)35H2O
BiONO3H2O
Bi2O3
Bi2O3
Bi2O3
BiOCl
527.98
279.89
315.34
485.07
305.00
465.96
465.96
465.96
260.43
col., cb., 2.155
yel.-gn.
red, rhb.
gray, met., hex.
silv. wh. or reddish,
hex.
wh. pd.
bk. nd.
wh. cr.
col., tri.
hex. pl.
yel., rhb.
yel., tet.
yel., cb.
wh., amor.
6.86
4.86
4.75
2.82
4.92815°
8.9
8.55
8.20
7.7215°
d.
163
230
d. 30
d. 260
820
860
tr. 704
Boric acid
H3BO3
61.83
wh., tri.
1.43515°
185 d.
Boron
B
10.81
2.32
2300
carbide
oxide
oxide (sassolite)
Bromic acid
Bromine
B4C
B2O3
B2O33H2O
HBrO3
Br2
55.25
69.62
123.67
128.91
159.81
gray or bk., amor. or
mn.
bk. cr.
col. glass, 1.459
tri., 1.456
col.; in soln. only
rhb., or red lq.
2.54
1.85
1.49
2450
577
d.
d. 100
−7.2
hydrate
Cadmium
acetate
acetate
carbonate
Br210H2O
Cd
Cd(C2H3O2)2
Cd(C2H3O2)22H2O*
CdCO3
339.96
112.41
230.50
266.53
172.42
red, oct.
silv. met., hex.
col.
col., mn.
wh., trig.
8.6520°
2.341
2.01
4.2584°
d. 6.8
320.9
256
−H2O, 130
d. <500
wh., cb.
4.047 25°
4
568
Name
Barium (Cont.)
bromide
carbonate (witherite)
carbonate (α)
carbonate (β)
Barium chlorate
chlorate
chloride
chloride
chloride
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate (nitrobarite)
oxalate
oxide
peroxide
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, pyrosilicofluoride
sulfate (barite, barytes)
sulfide, monosulfide, trisulfide, tetraBeryllium (glucinum)
Bismuth
carbonate, subchloride, dichloride, trinitrate
nitrate, suboxide, trioxide, trioxide, trioxychloride
chloride
CdCl2
183.32
3.179
3.856 24°
4
3.097 24°
4
4.495
16°
2.188
3.24428°
2.658
5.72
4.958
4°
2.9
4.16515°
4.116°
3.920°
4.27915°
4.49915°
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
2.988
1.816
9.8020°
3.11920°;
5.87 (A)
Hot water
Other reagents
v. s.
0.002218°
v. s.
0.0065100°
s. al.
s. a.; i. al.
0.002218°
20.350°
s.
310°
0.0065100°
84.880°
s.
59100°
s. a.; i. al.
76.8100°
101.480°
sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al.
d.
d.
d.
−2H2O, 100
tr. 811 to α
tr. 982 to β
174090atm
414
d. 120
tr. 925
962
−2H2O, 100
d.
d. 1450
77.9
592
−8H2O, 550
d.
1923
2000
39.30°
1.670°
5.615°
5.00°
0.00168°
1.50°
tr. to mn. 1149
v. sl. s.
0.168
d.
0.015
i.
0.01
0.02617°
0.0001150°
0.09100°
0.00028530°
2767
1450
d.
s.
4115°
i.
i.
d.
s.
v. s.
sl. s. d.
i.
i.
d.
d.
d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
2.660°
40.2100°
2550
i.
i.
>3500
>1500
i.
1.10°
sl. s.
v. s.
4.220°
i.
15.7100°
s.
d.
3.1330°
i. a.
s. a., al., gly.
i.
s. a., NH4NO3
s. m. al.
s. al.
s. a., KCN, NH4 salts;
i. NH3
1.5215° al.; i. et., act.
1560
1560
−O, 800
−8H2O, 100
1580 d.
4.2515°
20°
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
d. 400
d. 200
1284
271
d. 300
447
−5H2O, 80
1900
58.78
767
d.
960
s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
i.
900°
34.2100°
0.002424°
90.880°
i.
147100°
sl. s. al., act.
sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al.
v. sl. s. al.; i. et.
sl. s. a.; i. al.
s. a., NH4Cl; i. al.
s. HCl, HNO3, abs. al.;
i. NH3, act.
s. dil. a.; i. act.
s. dil. a.; i. al., et., act.
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
sl. s. HCl, NH4Cl; i. al.
s. conc. H2SO4; 0.006,
3% HCl
d. HCl; i. al.
i. al., CS2
s. dil. a., alk.
s. aq. reg., conc. H2SO4,
HNO3
s. a.
s. al.
4219° act.; s. a.; i. al.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.
s. a.; i. act., NH3,
H2C4H4O6
22.220° gly., 0.2425° et.;
s. al.
s. HNO3; i. al.
s. al., et., alk., CS2
chloride
cyanide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
oxide
oxide, subCadmium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide (greenockite)
Calcium
acetate
aluminate
aluminum silicate (anorthite)
arsenate
bromide
carbonate (aragonite)
carbonate (calcite)
chloride (hydrophilite)
chloride
chloride
citrate
cyanamide
ferrocyanide
fluoride (fluorite)
formate
hydride
hydroxide
hypochlorite
hypophosphate
lactate
magnesium carbonate
(dolomite)
magnesium silicate (diopside)
nitrate (nitrocalcite)
nitrate
nitride
nitrite
oxalate
oxalate
oxide
CdCl2 2aH2O
Cd(CN)2
Cd(OH)2
Cd(NO3)2
Cd(NO3)24H2O*
CdO
CdO
Cd2O
CdSO4
CdSO4H2O
3CdSO48H2O*
CdSO44H2O
CdSO47H2O
CdS
Ca
Ca(C2H2O2)2H2O
Ca(AlO2)2
CaOAl2O32SiO2
Ca3(AsO4)2
CaBr2
CaCO3
CaCO3
CaCl2*
CaCl2H2O
CaCl26H2O
Ca3(C6H5O7)24H2O
CaCN2
Ca2Fe(CN)612H2O
CaF2
Ca(HCO2)2
CaH2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(ClO)24H2O
Ca2P2O62H2O
Ca(C3H5O3)25H2O
228.36
164.45
146.43
236.42
308.48
128.41
128.41
240.82
208.47
226.49
769.54
280.53
334.58
144.48
40.08
176.18
158.04
278.21
398.07
199.89
100.09
100.09
110.98
129.00
219.08
570.49
80.10
508.29
78.07
130.11
42.09
74.09
215.04
274.13
308.29
col., mn., 1.6513
3.327
wh., trig.
col.
col. nd.
brn., cb.
brn., amor, 2.49
gn., amor.
rhb.
mn.
col., mn., 1.565
col.
mn.
yel.-or., hex., 2.506
silv. met., cb.
wh. nd.
col., rhb. or mn.
tri., 1.5832
wh. pd.
delq. nd.
col., rhb., 1.6809
col., hex., 1.550
wh., delq., cb, 1.52
col., delq.
col., trig., 1.417
col. nd.
col., rhombohedral
yel., tri., 1.5818
wh., cb., 1.4339
col., rhb.
wh. cr. or pd.
col., hex., 1.574
wh., feathery cr.
granular
col., eff.
4.79 15°
4
CaOMgO2CO2
CaOMgO2SiO2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)24H2O*
Ca3N2
Ca(NO2)2H2O
CaC2O4
CaC2O4H2O
CaO
184.40
216.55
164.09
236.15
148.25
150.10
128.10
146.11
56.08
trig., 1.68174
wh., mn.
col., cb.
col., mn., 1.498
brn. cr.
delq., hex.
col., cb.
col.
col., cb., 1.837
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, pyro- (brushite)
phosphide
silicate (α) (pseudowollastonite)
CaO28H2O
CaH4(PO4)2H2O
CaHPO42H2O
Ca3(PO4)2
Ca(PO3)2
Ca2P2O7
Ca2P2O75H2O
Ca3P2
CaSiO3
216.20
252.07
172.09
310.18
198.02
254.10
344.18
182.18
116.16
silicate (β) (wollastonite)
sulfate (anhydrite)
CaSiO3
CaSO4
116.16
136.14
pearly, tet.
wh., tri.
wh., mn. pl.
wh., amor.
wh., tet., 1.588
col., biaxial, 1.60
wh., mn.
red cr.
col., pseudo hex.,
1.6150 or mn.(?)
col., mn., 1.610
col., rhb., 1.576, or
mn, 1.50
2-11
*Usual commercial form.
†The solubility of CaCO3 in H2O is greatly increased by increasing the amount of CO2 in the H2O.
2.455 17°
4
8.15
6.95
8.192 18°
4
4.691 24°
4
3.78620°
3.09
3.05
2.48 20°
4
4.58
20°
1.55
tr. 34
d. >200
d. 300
350
59.4
132
d. 900–1000
d.
1000
tr. 108
tr. 41.5
3.6720°
2.765
tr. 4
1750100atm
810
d.
1600
1551
3.353 25°
4
2.93
25°
2.711 4
2.152 15°
4
760
d. 825
1339103atm.
772
1810
1.6817°
29.92
−2H2O, 130
−6H2O, 200
−4H2O, 185
1.7
3.18020°
2.015
1.7
2.2
2.872
3.3
2.36
1.82
2.6317°
2.2334°
2.24°
2.2
3.32
2.220 16°
4
2.306 16°
4
3.14
2.82
3.09
2.25
2.5115°
2.905
2.915
2.96
subl. in N2, 980
1200 30
>1600
1330
d.
d. 675
−H2O, 580
d.
−2H2O, 200
−3H2O, 100
−8H2O, 100
−H2O, 100
d.
1670
975
1230
2850
expl. 275
d. 200
>1600
1540
tr. 1190 to α
1450(mn.)
180100°
76.50°
s.
114.20°
s.
350−5°
0.000001
d.
520°
d.
60.8100°
s.
127.660°
s.
0.01325°
1250°
0.001220°†
0.001425°
59.50°
s.
v. s.
0.08518°
s. d.
s.
0.001618°
16.10°
d.
0.1850°
delq.; d.
i.
10.5
32659.5°
i.
i.
Colloidal
d.
45.580°
i.
312105°
0.002100°
0.002100°
347260°
s.
v. s.
0.09626°
d.
15090°
0.001726°
18.4100
0.077100°
d.
∞
2.0515° m. al.
s. a.; NH4OH, KCN
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
v. s. a.
s. al., NH3; i. HNO3
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
d. a., alk.
i.act., NH3
i. al.
i. al.
i. al.
s. a.; v. s. NH4OH
s, a.; sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. HCl
s. dil. a.
s. al., act.; sl. s. NH3
s. a., NH4Cl
s. a., NH4Cl
s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
0.006518° al.
i. al.
sl. s. a.
i. al., et.
d. a.; i. bz.
s. NH4Cl
d. a.
s. HCl, H4P2O6
∞h. al.; i. et.
18°
d. 730–760
1391
561
42.7
900
d.
−H2O, 200
2570
16820°
0.024718°
0.0002625°
109.70°
2150°
i.
i.
tr. 1193 to rhb.
0.032
i.
1020°
2660°
d.
770°
0.0006713°
i.
Forms
Ca(OH)2
sl. s.
0.0224.5°
0.0025
i.
i.
sl. s.
d.
0.009517°
0.29820°
i.
376151°
v. s.
d.
41790°
0.001495°
i.
d.
d.
0.075100°
d.
i.
0.1619100°
1415° al.; s. amyl al., NH3
s. dil. a.; i. abs. al.
s. 90% al.
s. a.; i. ac.
s. a.; i. ac
s. a.; i. al.
s. a. d.; i. al., et.
s. a.; i. al., ac.
i. a.
s. a.
s. a.; i. NH4Cl
s. dil. a.; i. al., et.
s. HCl
s. a., Na2S2O3, NH4 salts
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
2-12
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
CaSO42H2O
172.17
col., mn., 1.5226
2.32
Ca(SH)26H2O
CaS
CaSO32H2O
CaC4H4O64H2O
Ca(CNS)23H2O
CaS2O36H2O
CaWO4
214.32
72.14
156.17
260.21
210.29
260.30
287.92
col. pr.
col., cb.
wh., cr., 1.595
col., rhb.
wh., delq. cr.
col., tri., 1.56
wh., tet., 1.9200
C
C
C
CO2
12.01
12.01
12.01
44.01
bk., amor.
col., cb., 2.4195
bk., hex.
col. gas
CS2
76.14
col. lq.
Name
Calcium (Cont.)
sulfate (gypsum)
sulfhydrate
sulfide (oldhamite)
sulfite
tartrate
thiocyanate
thiosulfate
tungstate (scheelite)
Carbon, cf. table of organic
compounds
Carbon, amorphous
Carbon, diamond
Carbon, graphite
dioxide
disulfide
Formula
28.01
monoxide
CO
oxychloride (phosgene)
oxysulfide
COCl2
COS
98.92
60.08
poisonous gas
gas
C3O2
CSCl2
2CeO23H2O
Ce(OH)(NO3)33H2O
CeO2
Ce(SO4)24H2O
Ce
68.03
114.98
398.28
397.18
172.11
404.30
140.12
gas
yel.-red lq.
yel., gelatinous
red, mn.
wh. or pa. yel., cb.
yel., rhb.
steel gray, cb. or
hex.
wh., mn. or rhb.
tri.
silv. met., hex.
lq.
rhb., or gn.-yel. gas
suboxide
thionyl chloride
Ceric hydroxide
hydroxynitrate
oxide
sulfate
Cerium
Cerous sulfate
sulfate
Cesium
Chloric acid
Chlorine
Ce2(SO4)3
Ce2(SO4)38H2O
Cs
HClO37H2O
Cl2
568.42
712.54
132.91
210.57
70.91
hydrate
Chloroplatinic acid
Chlorostannic acid
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chromic acetate
chloride
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
Cl28H2O
H2PtCl66H2O
H2SnCl66H2O
HOSO2Cl
Cr2(C2H3O2)62H2O
CrCl3
CrCl36H2O*
CrF3
Cr(OH)3
215.03
517.90
441.54
116.52
494.29
158.36
266.45
108.99
103.02
Cr(OH)32H2O
Cr(NO3)39H2O*
Cr(NO3)37aH2O
Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3
Cr2(SO4)35H2O
Cr2(SO4)315H2O
Cr2(SO4)318H2O
Cr2S3
139.05
400.15
373.13
151.99
392.18
482.26
662.41
716.46
200.19
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide
col., poisonous,
odorless gas
rhb.
red-brn., delq.
delq.
col. lq.
gn.
pink, trig.
vl. or gn., hex. pl.
gn., rhb.
gn. or blue,
gelatinous
gn.
purple pr.
purple, mn.
dark gn., hex.
rose pd.
gn.
vl.
vl., cb., 1.564
brn.-bk. pd.
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
−1aH2O, 128
−2H2O, 163
d. 15
2.815°
−2H2O, 100
d.
d. 650
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
Other reagents
0.2230°
0.25750°
v. s.
d.
0.004318°
0.0370°
s.
71.29°
0.2
v. s.
d.
0.002790°
0.2285°
v. s.
d.
s. a., gly., Na2S2O3,
NH4 salts
s. al.
s. a.
s. H2SO3
sl. s. al.
v. s. al.
i. al.
s. NH4Cl; i. a.
1.87316°
6.06
d.
1.8–2.1
3.5120°
2.2620°
lq. 1.101−87°;
1.53 (A);
solid 1.56−79°
22°
lq. 1.261 20
;
2.63 (A)
lq. 0.814−195°
4 ;
0.968
(A)
1.392 19°
4
lq. 1.24−87°;
2.10 (A)
lq. 1.1140°
1.50915°
>3500
>3500
>3500
−56.65.2atm.
4200
4200
4200
subl. −78.5
i.
i.
i.
179.70° cc
i.
i.
i.
90.120° cc
i. a., alk.
i. a., alk.
i. a., alk.
s. a., alk.
−108.6
46.3
0.20°
0.01450°
s. al.; et.
−207
−192
0.00440°;
3.50° cc
0.001850°
2.3220° cc
s. al., Cu2Cl2
−104
−138.2
8.2756mm
−50.2760mm
v. s. sl. d.
1330° cc
d.
40.330° cc
s. ac., CCl4, bs.; d.a.
v. s. alk., al.
−107
7761mm
73.5
d.
s. et.
s. a.; sl. s. alk. carb.; i. alk
7.3
3.91
6.920° cb.;
6.7 hex.
3.91
2.88617°
1.9020°
1.28214.2°
lq. 1.56−33.6°;
2.490° (A)
1.23
2.431
1.97128°
1.78725°
1950
645
5.21
3.012
1.86717°
1.722°
3.7719°
i.
0°
−8H2O, 630
28.5
<−20
−101.6
d. 9.6
60
19.2
−80
15°
2.757
1.835 25°
4
3.8
1400
d.
i.
s. d.
i.
670
d. 40
−34.6
151.5765mm
1200–1500 d.
subl. 83
>1000
d.
−2H2O, 100
36.5
100
1900
d. 100
d.
100
−10H2O, 100
−12H2O, 100
−S, 1350
18.98
250°
d.
v. s.
1.460°;
31010° cc
s.
v. s.
s.
d.
s.
i.§
v. s. d.
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
i.
i.†
s.
s.
12020°
i.
Slowly
oxidized
0.4100°
7.640°
s. H2SO4, HCl
s. dil. H2SO4
s. dil. a.; i. al.
s. a., al., NH3
0.57 ;
17730° cc
30°
v. s.
sl. s.
i.
s.
s.
i.
d. 67°
d.
d.
s. alk.
s. alk.
s. al., et.
d. al.; i. CS2
4.7615° m. al.
i. a., act., CS2
s. al.; i. et.
sl. s. a.; i. al., NH3
s. a., alk.; sl. s. NH3
s. a., alk.
s. a., alk., al., act.
sl. s. a.
i. a.
s. al., H2SO4
sl. s. al.
s. al.
s. h. HNO3
Chromium
trioxide (chromic acid)
Chromous chloride
hydroxide
oxide
sulfate
sulfide (daubrelite)
Chromyl chloride
Cobalt
carbonyl
sulfide, diCobaltic chloride
chloride, dichro
chloride, luteo
chloride, praseo
Cobaltic chloride, purpureo
chloride, roseo
hydroxide
oxide
sulfate
sulfide
Cobalto-cobaltic oxide
Cobaltous acetate
chloride
chloride
nitrate
Cr
52.00
gray, met., cb.
CrO3
CrCl2
Cr(OH)2
CrO
CrSO47H2O
CrS
CrO2Cl2
Co
Co(CO)4
CoS2
CoCl3
Co(NH3)3Cl3H2O
Co(NH3)6Cl3
Co(NH3)4Cl3H2O
Co(NH3)5Cl3
Co(NH3)5Cl3H2O
Co(OH)3
Co2O3
Co2(SO4)3
Co2S3
Co3O4
Co(C2H3O2)24H2O
CoCl2
CoCl26H2O*
Co(NO3)26H2O
99.99
122.90
86.01
68.00
274.17
84.06
154.90
58.93
170.97
123.06
165.29
234.40
267.48
251.43
250.44
268.46
109.96
165.86
406.05
214.06
240.80
249.08
129.84
237.93
291.03
red, rhb.
wh., delq.
yel.-brn.
bk. pd.
blue
bk. pd.
dark red lq.
silv. met., cb.
or. cr.
bk., cb.
red cr.
CoO
CoSO4
CoSO4H2O
74.93
155.00
173.01
281.10
91.00
63.55
181.63
199.65
1013.79
ammonium chloride
CoSO47H2O*
CoS
Cu
Cu(C2H3O2)2
Cu(C2H3O2)2H2O
(CuOAs2O3)3
Cu(C2H3O2)2*
CuCl22NH4Cl2H2O
brn., cb.
red pd.
red pd., mn.(?),
1.639
red, mn., 1.483
brn. nd.
yel.-red met., cb.
ammonium sulfate
carbonate, basic (azurite)
CuSO44NH3H2O
2CuCO3Cu(OH)2
carbonate, basic (malachite)
chloride (eriochalcite)
chloride
chromate, basic
cyanide
dichromate
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
formate
hydroxide
lactate
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (biebeorite)
sulfide (syeporite)
Copper
Cupric acetate
acetate
aceto-arsenite (Paris green)
*Usual commercial form.
†Also a soluble modification.
or., mn.
gn., rhb.
rhb.
brick red
bk.
bk.
blue cr.
bk. cr.
bk., cb.
red-vl., mn., 1.542
blue cr.
red, mn.
red, mn., 1.4
7.1
2.70
2.75
1615
2200
197 d.
1.701620°
1.847
25°
1.819 25
1550
−96.5
1480
51
117.6
2900
d. 52
subl.
5.18
d. 100
−1aH2O, 100
d. 900
4.8
6.07
1.705318.7°
3.356
25°
1.924 25
25°
1.883 25
−4H2O, 140
subl.
86
<100
5.68
3.71025°
3.13
d. 1800
d. 880
d.
25°
1.948 25
5.4518°
8.9220°
1.930 20°
4
1.882
96.8
>1100
1083
−7H2O, 420
115
240 d.
1.98
d. 110
245.75
344.67
blue, tet., 1.670,
1.744
blue, rhb.
blue, mn., 1.758
1.81
3.88
d. 150
d. 220
CuCO3Cu(OH)2
CuCl2
221.12
134.45
dark gn., mn., 1.875
brn.-yel. pd.
3.9
3.054
d.
498
CuCl22H2O
CuCrO42CuO2H2O
Cu(CN)2
CuCr2O72H2O
Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2
Cu2Fe(CN)67H2O
Cu(HCO2)2
Cu(OH)2
Cu(C3H5O3)22H2O
Cu(NO3)23H2O*
Cu(NO3)26H2O
170.48
374.66
115.58
315.56
614.54
465.15
153.58
97.56
277.72
241.60
295.65
gn., rhb., 1.684
yel.-brn.
yel.-gn.
bk., tri.
yel.-gn.
red-brn.
blue, mn.
blue, gelatinous
dark blue, mn.
blue, delq.
blue, rhb.
2.3922.4°
2.28618°
−2H2O, 110
−2H2O, 260
d.
−2H2O, 100
1.831
3.368
−H2O
2.0473.9°
2.074
114.5
−3H2O, 26.4
277.47
dark gn., mn.
gn.
i.
0°
d.
3.97
1.92
8.920°
1.7318°
4.269
2.94
i.
1049
−6H2O, 110
d.
164.9
v. s.
d.
i.
12.350
i.
d.
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
4.260°
v. s.
0.2320°
16.120°
i.
i.
d.
i.
i.
s.
457°
116.50°
84.030°(anh.)
i.
25.60°
s.
2300
−HNO3, 170
206.7
v. s.
i.
i.
d.
s. HCl, dil. H2SO4;
i. HNO3
s. H2SO4, al., et.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
s. conc. a.
i. dil. HNO3
sl. s. al.
v. s. a.
s. et.
s. a.
s. al., et., CS2
s. HNO3, aq. reg.
s.
12.7446.5°
1.03146.5°
24.8716°
i.
i.
i.
s.
10596°
17780°
334.990°
(anh.)
i.
83100°
s.
s. a.; al.
i. al., NH4OH
s. a.; i. al.
i. al.
sl. s. HCl
s. a.; i. al.
s. a.
s. H2SO4
d. a.
s. H2SO4; i. HCl, HNO3
s. a., al.
31 al.; 8.6 act.
v. s. et., act.
10012.5° al.; s. act.;
sl. s. NH3
s. a., NH4OH; i. al.
1.0418° m. al.; i. NH8
3380°
0.0003818°
i.
s.
7.2
i.
s.
20
7 al.; s. et.; gly.
s. a., NH4OH
33.80°
99.380°
s. a.
18.05
i.
d.
d.
i.
70.70°
d.
107.9100°
i. al.
s. NH4OH, h. aq.
NaHCO3
s. KCN; 0.03 aq. CO
5315° al.; 6815° m. al.
110.40°
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
12.5
i.
16.7
38140°
243.70°
192.4100°
21.5°
Forms Cu2Cl2
993
d.
100°
i.
d.
i.
d.
d.
45100°
66680°
∞
2.58° al.
s. a., aq. reg.
s. HNO3, h. H2SO4
s. al.; et., NH4Cl
s. HNO3, NH4OH
s. KCN, C5H5N
s. a.; NH4OH
s. NH4OH; i. HCl
s. NH4OH; i. a., NH8
0.25 al.
s. a., NH4OH, KCN, al.
sl. s. al.
10012.5° al.
s. al.
2-13
2-14
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
CuO
CuO
CuCl22CuO4H2O
Cu3P2
CuSO4
79.55
79.55
365.60
252.59
159.61
CuSO45H2O*
CuS
249.69
95.61
tartate
Cuprous ammonium iodide
carbonate
chloride (nantokite)
cyanide
CuC4H4O63H2O
CuINH4IH2O
Cu2CO3
Cu2Cl2
Cu2(CN)2
265.66
353.41
187.10
198.00
179.13
bk., cb.
bk., tri., 2.63
blue-gn.
bk.
gn.-wh., rhb.,
1.733
blue, tri., 1.5368
blue, hex. or mn.,
1.45
1 gn. pd.
rhb. pl.
yel.
wh., cb., 1.973
wh., mn.
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
fluoride
hydroxide
oxide (cuprite)
Cuprous phosphide
sulfide (chalcocite)
sulfide
Cyanogen
Cu3Fe(CN)6
Cu4Fe(CN)6
Cu2F2
CuOH
Cu2O
Cu6P2
Cu2S
Cu2S
C2N2
402.59
466.13
165.09
80.55
143.09
443.22
159.16
159.16
52.03
brn.-red
brn.-red
red cr.
yel.
red, cb., 2.705
gray-bk.
bk., rhb.
bk., cb.
poisonous gas
Fe(OH)(C2H3O2)2
190.94
brn., amor.
Name
Cupric acetate (Cont.)
oxide (paramelaconite)
oxide (tenorite)
oxychloride
phosphide
sulfate (hydrocyanite)
sulfate (blue vitriol or
chalcanthite)
sulfide (covellite)
Cyanogen compounds, cf. table
of organic compounds
Ferric acetate, basic
ammonium sulfate, cf. Alum
chloride (molysite)
chloride
ferrocyanide (Prussian blue)
Specific
gravity
6.40
6.45
Melting
point, °C
6.35
3.60615°
d. 1026
d. 1026
−3H2O, 140
d.
d. >600
2.286 15.6°
4
4.6
−4H2O, 110
tr. 103
4.4
3.53
2.9
d.
422
474.5
3.4
6.0
6.4 to 6.8
5.6
5.80
lq. 0.866−17.2°;
1.806 (A)
−O, 1800
1100
1130
−34.4
−20.5
2.804
282
37
d.
Fe(OH)3
Fe(C3H5O3)3
Fe(NO3)36H2O
Fe2O3
106.87
323.06
349.95
159.69
3.4 to 3.9
−1aH2O, 500
Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2(SO4)39H2O
FeCl22FeCl318H2O
Fe′′′
4 Fe′′
3 [Fe(CN)6]6
Fe3O4
399.88
562.02
775.43
1662.61
231.53
red-brn.
brn., amor., delq.
rhb., delq.
red or bk., trig.,
3.042
rhb., 1.814
yel., trig.
yel., delq.
gn.
bk., cb., 2.42
303.59
392.14
chloride (lawrencite)
Fe3O44H2O
FeSO4(NH4)2SO4
6H2O
FeCl2
chloroplatinate
ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue)
ferrocyanide
formate
hydroxide
nitrate
oxide
FePtCl66H2O
Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2
Fe2Fe(CN)6
Fe(HCO2)22H2O
Fe(OH)2
Fe(NO3)26H2O
FeO
571.73
591.43
323.64
181.91
89.86
287.95
71.84
126.75
Hot water
i.
i.
i.
i.
14.30°
i.
i.
75.4100°
s. a.; KCN, NH4Cl
s. a., KCN, NH4Cl
s. a.
s. HNO3; i. HCl
i. al.
24.30°
0.00003318°
205100°
1.18° al.
s. HNO3, KCN
0.0215°
d.
i.
1.5225°
i.
0.1485°
s. a., KOH
s. NH4I
s. a., NH4OH
s. HCl, NH4OH, al.
s. KCN, HCl, NH4OH;
sl. s. NH3
s. NH4OH; i. HCl
s. NH4OH; i. NH4Cl
s. HF, HCl, HNO3; i. al.
s. a., NH4OH
s. HCl, NH4Cl, NH4OH
s. HNO3; i. HCl
s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act.
s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act.
230020° cc al.; 50018° cc et.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.000518°
0.000518°
45020° cc
i.
i.
i.
i.
s. a.; al.
0°
100°
v. s. al.; et. +HCl
s. al., act., gly.
s. HCl, conc. H2SO4;
i. al., et.
s. a.; i. al., et.
i. et.
s. al., act.
s. HCl
535.8
∞
d.
i.
v. s.
1500°
i.
i.
v. s.
∞
d.
d.
s.
5.2
d. 50
d. 180
1538 d.
sl. s.
440
s.
i.
i.
i.
s. d. h. HCl
i. al.
1.864
d.
d.
i.
180°
i.
10075°
s. a.
i. al.
64.410°
105.7100°
100 al.; s. act.; i. et.
v. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
0.00067
2000°
i.
v. s.
20°
1.684
5.12
35
1560 d.
3.09718°
2.1
d. 480
2.7
d.
delq.
2.714
d.
3.4
5.7
315
280
Other reagents
74.4
2460°
i.
d.
lt. gn.
cr.
bk.
subl. 1100
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
i.
11°
bk.-brn., hex. delq.
red-yel., delq.
dark blue
bk.
blue-gn., mn.,
1.4915
gn.-yel., hex.,
1.567
yel., hex.
dark blue
blue-wh., amor.
1366
d.
908
−aH2O, 360
1235
162.20
270.30
859.23
sulfate
sulfate (coquimbite)
Ferroso-ferric chloride
ferricyanide (Prussian green)
oxide (magnetite;
magnetic iron oxide)
oxide, hydrated
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Forms CuO,
650
−5H2O, 250
d. 220
d.
FeCl3
FeCl36H2O*
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
hydroxide
lactate
nitrate
oxide (hematite)
Boiling
point, °C
60.5
1420
i. H2SO4, NH3
s. abs. al.
i. dil. a., al.
30025°
i.
s. a., NH4Cl
s. a.; i. alk.
phosphate (vivianite)
Fe3(PO4)28H2O
501.60
silicate
sulfate (siderotilate)
sulfate (copperas)
sulfide
cf. also under iron
Fluoboric acid
Fluorine
FeSiO3
FeSO45H2O
FeSO47H2O*
FeS
131.93
241.98
278.01
87.91
blue, mn., 1.592,
1.603
mn.
gn., tri., 1.536
blue-gn., mn.
bk., hex.
HBF4
F2
87.81
38.00
col. lq.
gn.-yel. gas
H2SiF6
Gd
GaBr3
144.09
157.25
309.44
yel. met., cb.
blue to vl.
19.3
1063
2600
12.1
0.1368 (A)
1.011 15°
4
>1700
<−272.2
1.4
128
−40
>3200(?)
−268.9
113.5
Fluosilicic acid
Gadolinium
Gallium bromide
Glucinum cf. Beryllium
Gold
Gold, colloidal
Gold salts cf. under Auric
and Aurous
Hafnium
Helium
Hydrazine
formate
hydrate
hydrochloride
hydrochloride, dinitrate
nitrate, disulfate
sulfate
Hydrazoic acid (azoimide)
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Au
Au
196.97
196.97
Hf
He
N2H4
N2H42HCO2H
N2H4H2O
N2H4HCl
N2H42HCl
N2H4HNO3
N2H42HNO3
N2H4aH2SO4
N2H4H2SO4
HN3
HI
HIH2O
HI2H2O
HI3H2O
HI4H2O
HBr
HBrH2O
178.49
4.00
32.05
124.10
50.06
68.51
104.97
95.06
158.07
81.08
130.12
43.03
127.91
145.93
163.94
181.96
199.97
80.91
98.93
hex.
col. gas
col. lq.
cb.
col.
yel. lq.
wh., cb.
cr.
nd.
delq. pl.
rhb.
col. lq.
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. gas; 1.325 (lq.)
col. lq.
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid)
HBr (47.8% in H2O)
HBr2H2O
HCl†
HCl (45.2% in H2O)
HCl2H2O
HCl3H2O
HCN
80.91
118.96
36.46
36.46
72.49
90.51
27.03
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen
HF
HF (35.35% in H2O)
H2
20.01
20.01
2.02
col. lq.
wh. cr.
col. gas; 1.256 (lq.)
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
poisonous gas or
col. lq., 1.254
gas or col. lq.
col. lq.
col. gas or cb.
H2O2‡
H2Se
H2S
NH2OH
NH2OHHCl
NH2OHHNO3
NH2OHaH2SO4
34.01
80.98
34.08
33.03
69.49
96.04
82.07
peroxide
selenide
sulfide
Hydroxylamine
hydrochloride
nitrate
sulfate
2-15
*Usual commercial form.
†Usual commercial form about 31 percent.
‡Usual commercial forms 3 or 30 percent.
2.58
3.5
2.2
1.89914.8°
4.84
lq. 1.51−187°;
1.3115° (A)
1550
col. lq., 1.333
col. gas
col. gas
rhb., delq.
col., mn.
col. cr.
col., mn.
1.0321°
1.42
1.378
4.40° (A)
1.715°
2.710° (A)
1.78
1.486
2.11−15°
1.2680° (A)
1.48
1.46 −18.3°
4
18°
0.697
0.98813.6°
1.15
lq. 0.0709−252.7°
0.06948 (A)
1.438 20°
4
2.12−42°
1.1895 (A)
1.3518°
1.6717°
i.
s. a.; i. ac.
64
1193
−5H2O, 300
−7H2O, 300
d.
s.
32.80°
0.00061618°
s.
14950°
i. al.
i. al.
s. a.; i. NH3
−223
130 d.
−187
∞
d.
∞
s. al.
s.
s.
s.
s.
i.
s.
i.
s. aq. reg., KCN; i. a.
s. aq. reg., KCN; i. a.
0.970° cc
∞
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
174.910°
v. s.
v. s.
3.05522°
∞
4250010° cc
∞
∞
∞
∞
2210°
1.0850° cc
∞
Absorbed by Pt
s. al.
∞
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞ al.; i. et.
sl. s. al.
s. al.
delq. cr.
20°
i.
198
70.7
104
85
254
−80
−50.8
−43
−48
−36.5
−86
−11
−111
−15.35
0
−24.4
−14
−83
−35
−259.1
−0.89
−64
−82.9
34
151
48
170 d.
118.5739.5mm
subl. 140
d.
37
−35.5
127774mm
−67
d.
d.
26
∞
s.
82.30°
∞
∞
∞
∞
19.4
120
−252.7
∞ 0° to 19.4°
v. s.
2.10° cc
126
−85
760mm
151.4
−42
−59.6
56.522mm
d.
d. <100
∞
3774° cc
4370° cc
s.
83.317°
v. s.
32.90°
27.6560°
∞
v. s.
130100°
s.
56.160°
i. al.
v. sl. s. abs. al.
∞ al.
s. al.
∞ al.
s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
Stable at −15.5° and
1 atm., and at −11.3°
and 2.5 atm.
s. al.
s. al., et.
s. al.
s. al.
s. al.
∞ al., et.
v. s.
0.8580° cc
sl. s. Fe, Pd, Pt
27022.5° cc
18640° cc
d.
v. s.
d.
68.590°
s. a., et.; i. petr. et
s. CS2, COCl2
9.5415° cc al.; s. CS2
s. a., al.
s. al.; i. et.
v. s. abs. al.
v. sl. s. al.; i. et., abs. al.
2-16
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Hypobromous acid
Indium
Iodic acid
HBrO
In
HIO3
96.91
114.82
175.91
yel.
soft, tet. met.
col., rhb.
Iodine
oxide, pentaIodoplatinic acid
Iridium
Iron, cast†
pure
steel
white pig
wrought
carbide (cementite)
carbonyl
nitride
I2
I2O5
H2PtI69H2O
Ir
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe
Fe3C
Fe(CO)5
Fe2N
253.81
333.81
1120.66
192.22
55.85
55.85
55.85
55.85
55.85
179.55
195.90
125.70
blue-bk., rhb.
wh., trimetric
brn., delq. mn.
wh. met., cb.
gray
silv. met., cb.
silv. gray
gray
gray
pseudo hex.
pa. yel. lq.
gray
silicide
sulfide, di- (marcasite)
sulfide, di- (pyrite)
sulfide (pyrrhotite)
Cf. also under ferric and
ferrous
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lead
FeSi
FeS2
FeS2
Fe7S8
83.93
119.98
119.98
647.44
Kr
La
Pb
acetate
acetate (sugar of lead)
acetate
acetate, basic
acetate, basic
acetate, basic
arsenate, monobasic
arsenate, dibasic (schultenite)
arsenate, metaarsenate, pyroLead azide
bromide
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
4050mm
1450
s.
i.
2860°
d.
i.
576101°
0.01620°
187.412°
s. d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
d.
0.0956660°
7.320°
4.6290°
155
110 d.
4.9320°
4.799 25°
4
113.5
d. 300
184.35
22.420°
7.03
7.8620°
7.6 to 7.8
7.6 to 7.8
7.86
7.4
1.45721°
6.35
2350
1275
1535
1375
1075
1505
1837
−21
d. >560
>4800
yel.-gray, oct.
yel., rhb.
yel., cb.
hex.
6.1 20°
4
4.87
5.0
4.6 20°
4
d.
d.
i.
0.00049
0.0005
i.
i.
tr. 450
1171
d. >700
83.80
138.91
207.20
col. gas
lead gray
silv. met., cb.
2.818 (A)
6.1520°
20°
11.337 20
−169
826
327.5
−151.8
1800
1620
11.050° cc
d.
i.
3.5760° cc
Pb(C2H3O2)2
Pb(C2H3O2)23H2O†
Pb(C2H3O2)210H2O
Pb2(C2H3O2)3OH
Pb(C2H3O2)2
Pb(OH)2H2O
Pb(C2H3O2)2
2Pb(OH)2
PbH4(AsO4)2
PbHAsO4
Pb(AsO3)2
Pb2As2O7
PbN6
PbBr2
325.29
379.33
505.44
608.54
584.52
wh. cr.
wh., mn.
wh., rhb.
wh.
wh. nd.
3.251 20°
4
2.55
1.689
280
−3H2O, 75
22
807.72
wh. nd.
489.07
347.13
453.04
676.24
291.24
367.01
tri., 1.82
wh., mn., 1.9097
hex.
rhb., 2.03
col. nd.
col., rhb.
4.46
5.94
6.4215°
15°
6.85 15
15°
3000
102.5760mm
d. 140
d. >200
−H2O, 280
6.66
802
expl. 350
373
918
22150°
200100°
s.
5.55
18.2
d.
0.05100°
4.75100°
0.0001120°
d.
i.
3.34100°
i.
i.
18100° d.
i.
267.21
wh., rhb., 2.0763
6.6
d. 315
2PbCO3Pb(OH)2†
PbCl2
PbCrO4
PbCrO4PbO
Pb(HCO2)2
3PbOH2O
Pb(NO3)2
775.63
278.11
323.19
546.39
297.23
687.61
331.21
6.14
5.80
6.12
d. 400
501
844
4.56
7.592
4.53
d. 190
−H2O, 130
d. 470
i.
0.6730°
0.00000720°
i.
1.616°
0.014
38.80°
oxide, suboxide, mono- (litharge)
Pb2O
PbO
430.40
223.20
wh., hex.
wh., rhb., 2.2172
yel., mn., 2.42
or.-yel. nd.
wh., rhb.
cb.
col., cb. or mn.,
1.7815
bk., amor.
yel., tet.
8.34
9.53
d. red heat
888
i.
0.006818°
oxide, mono (massicotite)
PbO
223.20
yel., rhb., 2.61
s. a.
v. s. 87% al.; i. abs. al.
et., chl.
s. al., KI, et.
i. abs. al., et., chl.
sl. s. aq. reg., aq. Cl2
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.
s. al., H2SO4, alk.
s. HCl,
H2SO4
i. aq. reg.
i. dil. a.
i. dil. a.
sl. s. al., bz.
s. a.
s. HNO3; i. c. HCl, H2SO4
s. gly.; v. sl. s. al.
s. gly.; sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. al.
d.
i.
d.
i.
i.
0.45540°
PbCO3
8.0
i.
19.70°
45.6415°
s.
v. s.
v. s.
carbonate (cerussite)
carbonate, basic
(hydrocerussite; white lead)
chloride (cotunnite)
chromate (crocoite)
chromate, basic
formate
hydroxide
nitrate
954760mm
d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
Other reagents
sl. s.
138.8100°
s. al.
s. HNO3
s. HNO3, NaOH
s. HNO3
s. HCl, HNO3; i. sc.
v. s. ac.; i. NH4OH
s. a., KBr.; sl. s. NH3;
i. al.
s. a., alk.; i. NH3, al.
s. ac.; sl. s. aq. CO2
sl. s. dil. HCl, NH3, i. al.
s. a., alk.; i. NH3, ac.
s. a., alk.
i. al.
s. a., alk.
8.822° al.
s. a., alk.
s. alk., PbAc, NH4Cl,
CaCl2
oxide, mono-
PbO
223.20
amor.
9.2 to 9.5
oxide, red (minium)
oxide, sesquioxide, di- (plattnerite)
silicate
sulfate (anglesite)
Pb3O4
Pb2O3
PbO2
PbSiO3
PbSO4
685.60
462.40
239.20
283.28
303.26
9.1
Pb(HSO4)2 H2O
PbSO4PbO
PbS
Pb(CNS)2
Li
LiC7H5O2
LiBr
419.36
526.46
239.27
323.36
6.94
128.05
86.85
LiBr2H2O
Li2CO3
LiCl
122.88
73.89
42.39
citrate
fluoride
formate
hydride
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
oxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, tribasic
salicylate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate, acid
Lutecium
Magnesium
acetate
acetate
aluminate (spinel)
Li3C6H5O74H2O
LiF
LiHCO2H2O
LiH
LiOH
LiOHH2O
LiNO3
LiNO33H2O
Li2O
LiH2PO4
Li3PO4
Li3PO412H2O
LiC7H5O3
Li2SO4
Li2SO4H2O†
LiHSO4
Lu
Mg
Mg(C2H3O2)2
Mg(C2H3O2)24H2O†
MgO·Al2O3
281.98
25.94
69.97
7.95
23.95
41.96
68.95
122.99
29.88
103.93
115.79
331.98
144.05
109.94
127.96
104.01
174.97
24.31
142.39
214.45
142.26
red, amor.
red-yel., amor.
brn., tet., 2.229
col., mn., 1.961
wh., mn. or rhb.,
1.8823
cr.
col., mn.
lead gray, cb., 3.912
col., mn.
silv. met. cb.
wh. leaflets
wh., delq., cb.,
1.784
wh. pr.
col., mn., 1.567
wh., delq., cb.,
1.662
wh. cr.
wh., cb., 1.3915
col., rhb.
wh., cb.
wh. cr.
col., mn.
col., trig., 1.735
col.
col., 1.644
col.
wh., rhb.
wh., trig.
col.
col., mn., 1.465
col., mn., 1.477
pr.
ammonium chloride
ammonium phosphate
(struvite)
ammonium sulfate
(boussingaultite)
benzoate
carbonate (magnesite)
carbonate (nesquehonite)
carbonate, basic
(hydromagnesite)
Magnesium chloride
(chloromagnesite)
chloride (bischofite)
hydroxide (brucite)
nitride
oxide (magnesia; periclase)
perchlorate
MgCl2NH4Cl6H2O
MgNH4PO46H2O
256.79
245.41
MgSO4(NH4)2SO4
6H2O
Mg(C7H5O2)23H2O
MgCO3
MgCO33H2O
3MgCO3Mg(OH)23H2O
360.60
col., mn.
320.58
84.31
138.36
365.31
wh. pd.
wh., trig. 1.700
col., rhb., 1.501
wh., rhb., 1.530
MgCl2
95.21
MgCl26H2O†
Mg(OH)2
Mg3N2
MgO
Mg(ClO4)2†
203.30
58.32
100.93
40.30
223.21
sulfate, acid
sulfate, basic (lanarkite)
sulfide (galena)
thiocyanate
Lithium
benzoate
bromide
bromide
carbonate
chloride
2-17
*See also a table of alloys.
†Usual commercial form.
i.
i.
d. 500
d. 360
d. 290
766
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
1336 5
3.464 25°
4
547
1265
0.00280°
0.000118°
0.004418°
0.0000918°
0.0520°
d.
3325°
1430° (2H2O)
0.005640°
6.92
7.5
3.82
0.5320°
1170
d.
977
1120
d. 190
186
2.110°
2.068 25°
4
44
618
614
d.
1360
24620°
1.540°
670°
9.375
6.49
6.2
2.29521.5°
1.46
0.820
2.54
1.83
2.38
2.013 25°
4
d.
870
−H2O, 94
680
445
261
29.88
1670
925
d.
subl. <1000
61.215°
0.2718°
49.20°
d.
12.70°
22.310°
53.40°
v. s.
forms LiOH
s. alk., PbAc, NH4Cl,
CaCl2
s. ac., h. HCl
s. a., alk.
s. ac., h. alk.; i. al.
s. a.
i.
s.
d.
40100°
266100°
(1H2O)
0.72100°
127.5100°
66.7100°
0.13535°
346.6104°
17.5100°
26.880°
19470°
∞
s. conc. a., NH4 salts; i. al.
sl. s. H2SO4
sl. s. H2SO4
s. a.; i. alk.
s. KCNS, HNO3
s. a., NH3
7.725°, 1078° al.
s. al., act.
s. al.
s. dil. a.; i. al., act., NH3
2.4815° al.; s. et.
sl. s. al., et.
s. HF; i. act.
sl. s. al., et.
i. et.
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
s. al., NH3
2.22
2.06
2.12313°
>100
837
100
d.
860
−H2O, 130
170.5
silv. met., hex.
wh.
wh., mn. pr., 1.491
col. cb., 1.718–23
1.7420°
1.42
1.454
3.6
651
323
80
2135
wh., rhb., delq.
col., rhb., 1.496
1.456
1.715
−4H2O, 195
d. 100
1.72
>120
16.86
130
4.525° (anh.)
0.0106
0.151819°
0.04
s.
3.037
1.852
2.16
−3H2O, 110
d. 350
−H2O, 100
d.
d.
0.011
s. act.
s. a., aq. CO2; i. act., NH3
s. a., aq. CO2
s. a., NH4 salts; i. al.
col., hex., 1.675
2.32525°
712
1412
52.80°
73100°
50 al.
wh., delq., mn., 1.507
wh., trig., 1.5617
gn.-yel., amor.
col., cb., 1.7364
wh., delq.
1.56
2.4
118 d.
d.
d.
2800
d.
d.
2810°
0.000918°
i.
0.00062
99.625°
918100°
50 al.
s. NH4 salts, dil. a.
s. a.; i. al.
s. a., NH4 salts; i. al.
2425 al., 51.825° m. al.;
0.29 et.
2.461
2.53717.5°
1.645
3.65
2.6025°
1110
0.03418°
v. sl. s.
12826°
35.340°
43.60°
d.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
i.
sl. s. d.
v. s.
v. s.
16.7
0.02310°
s.
0.019580°
0°
3600
29.9100°
35100°
s. a., NH4Cl; i. act.
v. s. al.
i. act., 80% al.
i. 80% al.
s. a., NH4 salts
5.2515° m. al.
v. s. al.
v. sl. s. dil. HCl; i. dil.
HNO3
s. a.; i. al.
100°
d.
v. s.
2-18
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Magnesium chloride (Cont.)
peroxide
phosphate, pyrophosphate, pyropotassium chloride (carnallite)
potassium sulfate (picromerite)
silicofluoride
sodium chloride
sulfate
sulfate (epsom salt; epsomite)
Manganese
acetate
acetate
carbonate (rhodocrosite)
MgO2
Mg2P2O7
Mg2P2O73H2O
MgCl2KCl6H2O
MgSO4K2SO46H2O
MgSiF66H2O
MgCl2NaClH2O
MgSO4
MgSO47H2O*
Mn
Mn(C2H3O2)2
Mn(C2H3O2)24H2O*
MnCO3
56.30
222.55
276.60
277.85
402.72
274.47
171.67
120.37
246.47
54.94
173.03
245.09
114.95
wh. pd.
col., mn., 1.604
wh., amor.
delq., rhb., 1.475
mn., 1.4629
col., trig., 1.3439
col.
col.
col., rhb., 1.4554
gray-pink met.
chloride (scacchite)
chloride
MnCl2
MnCl24H2O*
125.84
197.91
chloride, perhydroxide (ous) (pyrochroite)
hydroxide (ic) (manganite)
nitrate
oxide (ous) (manganosite)
oxide (ic)
oxide, di- (pyrolusite;
polianite)
sulfate (ous)
sulfate (ous) (szmikite)
MnCl4
Mn(OH)2
Mn2O3H2O
Mn(NO3)26H2O
MnO
Mn2O3
MnO2*
196.75
88.95
175.89
287.04
70.94
157.87
86.94
rose, delq., cb.
rose red, delq., mn.
1.575
gn.
wh., trig.
brn., rhb., 2.24
rose red, mn.
gray-gn., cb., 2.16
brn.-bk., cb.
bk., rhb.
MnSO4
MnSO4H2O
151.00
169.02
red-wh.
pa. pink, mn., 1.595
sulfate (ous)
MnSO42H2O
187.03
2.52615°
sulfate (ous)
MnSO43H2O
205.05
2.35615°
sulfate (ous)
MnSO44H2O*
223.06
sulfate (ous)
MnSO45H2O
sulfate (ous)
MnSO46H2O
259.09
sulfate (ous)
MnSO47H2O
277.11
pink, mn. or rhb.
2.092
sulfate (ic)
Mn2(SO4)3
398.06
gn., delq. cr.
3.24
Mercuric acetate
bromide
carbonate, basic
chloride (corrosive sublimate)
fulminate
hydroxide
oxide (montroydite)
oxychloride (kleinite)
silicofluoride, basic
sulfate
sulfate, basic (turpeth)
Mercurous acetate
bromide
carbonate
Hg(C2H3O2)2
HgBr2
HgCO32HgO
HgCl2
Hg(CNO)2
Hg(OH)2
HgO
HgCl23HgO
HgSiF6HgO3H2O
HgSO4
HgSO42HgO
HgC2H3O2
HgBr
Hg2CO3
241.08
318.68
360.40
693.78
271.50
284.62
234.60
216.59
921.26
613.30
296.65
729.83
259.63
280.49
461.19
pa. pink, mn.
rose, trig., 1.817
pink, rhb. or mn.,
1.518
pink, tri., 1.508
wh. pl.
wh., rhb.
brn.-red
wh., rhb., 1.859
cb.
yel. or red, rhb., 2.5
yel., hex.
yel. nd.
wh., rhb.
yel., tet.
wh. sc.
wh., tet.
yel. pd.
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
2.59822°
2.56
1.60 19.4°
4
2.15
17.5°
1.788 4
expl. 275
1383
−3H2O, 100
265
d. 72
d.
2.66
1.68
7.220°
1.74 20°
4
1.589
3.125
1185
70 d.
1260
2.977 25°
4
2.01
650
58.0
3.25818°
3.258
1.8221°
5.18
4.81
5.026
d.
d.
25.8
1650
−0, 1080
−0, >230
3.235
2.87
700
Stable 57 to
117
Stable 40 to
57
Stable 30 to
40
Stable 18 to
30
Stable 8 to
18
Stable −5 to
+8
Stable −10 to
−5; 19 d.
d. 160
2.107
15°
2.103
d.
237
5.44
4.42
277
expl.
−H2O, 175
d. 100
d. 260
6.47
6.44
7.307
d.
d.
subl. 345
d. 130
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
i.
i.
i.
64.519° d.
19.260°
64.817.5°
s.
26.90°
72.40°
d.
s.
s.
0.006525°
i.
i.
sl. s.
d.
81.775°
s.
s.
68.3100°
17840°
63.40°
1518°
123.8100°
∞
s. al., m. al.
s. aq. CO2, dil. a.; l.
NH3, al.
s. al.; i. et., NH3
s. al.; i. et.
129.5
s.
0.00220°
i.
4260°
i.
i.
i.
s.
i.
i.
∞
i.
i.
i.
s. al., et.
s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk.
s. h. H2SO4
v. s. al.
s. a., NH4Cl
s. a.; i. act.
s. HCl; i. HNO3, act.
d. 850
530°
98.4748°
7350°
79.77100°
s. al.; i. et.
85.2735°
106.855°
74.225°
99.3157°
13616°
16950°
5°
200
35°
0°
2479°
1760°
25114°
v. s.
d.
1900
d.
3.270
6.053
11.14
7.93
Boiling
point, °C
1190
−H2O, 106;
−4H2O, 200
−4H2O, 450
142
204
−7H2O, 280
10°
322
304
25
0.520°
i.
3.60°
sl. s.
i.
0.005225°
i.
d.
d.
0.005
0.7513°
7 × 10−9
i.
s.
64.550°
100°
100
25100°
61.3100°
i.
0.041100°
d.
0.167100°
d.
i.
d.
Other reagents
s. a.
s. a.; i. alk.
s. a.; i. al.
d. al.
d. HF
s. al.
s. al.
s. dil. a.
i. al.
s. HCl, dil. H2SO4; l.
conc. H2SO4, HNO3
s. al. sl. d.
25.20° al.; v. sl. s. et.
s. aq. CO2, NH4Cl
3325° 99% al.; 33 et.
s. NH4OH, al.
s. a.
s. a.; i. al.
s. HCl
s. a.
s. a.; i. al., act., NH8
s. a.; i. al.
s. H2SO4, HNO3; i. al.
s. a.; i. al., act.
s. NH4Cl
HgCl
236.04
wh., tet., 1.9733
7.150
302
383.7
0.00140°
0.000743°
iodide
nitrate
Mercurous oxide
HgI
HgNO3H2O
Hg2O
327.49
280.61
417.18
yel., tet.
wh. mn.
bk.
7.70
4.7853.9°
9.8
290 d.
70
d. 100
subl. 140; 310d.
expl.
2 × 10−8
v. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
d.
0.0007
sulfate
Mercury†
Molybdenum
Hg2SO4
Hg
Mo
497.24
200.59
95.94
wh., mn.
silv. lq. or hex.(?)
gray, cb.
7.56
13.54620°
10.2
d.
−38.87
2620 10
0.05516.5°
i.
i.
0.092100°
i.
i.
chloride, di-
MoCl2
166.85
yel., amor.
3.714 25°
4
d.
i.
i.
3.578 25°
4
d.
chloride (calomel)
chloride, tri-
MoCl3
202.30
dark red pd.
chloride, tetra-
MoCl4
237.75
brn., delq.
chloride, pentaoxide, tri- (molybdite)
sulfide, di- (molybdenite)
sulfide, trisulfide, tetraMolybdic acid
Molybdic acid
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
MoCl5
MoO3
MoS2
MoS3
MoS4
H2MoO4
H2MoO4H2O
Nd
Ne
239
273.21
143.94
160.07
192.14
224.20
161.95
161.95
144.24
20.18
Np
Ni
239.05
58.69
176.78
291.18
394.99
carbonyl
chloride
chloride
Ni(C2H3O2)2
NiCl2NH4Cl6H2O
NiSO4(NH4)2SO4
6H2O
Ni(BrO3)26H2O
NiBr2
NiBr23H2O
NiBr26NH3
NiPtBr66H2O
NiCO3
2NiCO33Ni(OH)2
4H2O
Ni(CO)4
NiCl2
NiCl26H2O*
chloride, ammonia
cyanide
dimethylglyoxime
NiCl26NH3
Ni(CN)24H2O
NiC8H14O4N4
231.78
182.79
288.91
formate
hydroxide (ic)
hydroxide (ous)
nitrate
nitrate, ammonia
oxide, mono- (bunsenite)
potassium cyanide
sulfate
Ni(HCO2)22H2O
Ni(OH)3
Ni(OH)2dH2O
Ni(NO3)26H2O
Ni(NO3)24NH32H2O
NiO
Ni(CN)22KCNH2O
NiSO4
184.76
109.72
97.21
290.79
286.86
74.69
258.97
154.76
acetate
ammonium chloride
ammonium sulfate
bromate
bromide
bromide
bromide, ammonia
bromoplatinate
carbonate
carbonate, basic
2-19
*Usual commercial form.
†See also Tables 2-28 and 2-280.
422.59
218.50
272.55
320.68
841.29
118.70
587.59
170.73
129.60
237.69
bk. cr.
col., rhb.
bk., hex., 4.7
red-brn.
brn. pd.
yel-wh., hex.
yel., mn.
yellowish
col. gas
2.928 25°
4
19.5°
4.50
4.80114°
3.12415°
6.920°
lq. 1.204−245.9°
0.674 (A)
1.145° cc
s. lq. O2, al., act., bz.
i.
s. dil. HNO3; sl. s. H2SO4,
HCl; i. NH3
i. al.
d.
d.
s.
d.
194
268
s.
795
1185
d.
d.
d. 115
−H2O, 70
840
−248.67
subl.
−2H2O, 200
−245.9
d.
18°
0.107
i.
sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
0.13318°
d.
2.60° cc
238
Produced by Neutron bombardment of U
1452
2900
i.
8.9020
gn. pr.
gn., delq., mn.
blue-gn., mn.,
1.5007
gn., cb.
yel., delq.
gn., delq.
vl. pd.
trig.
lt. gn., rhb.
lt. gn.
1.798
1.645
1.923
d.
2.575
4.64 28°
4
lq.
yel., delq.
gn., delq., mn.,
1.57
1.3117°
3.544
gn. pl.
scarlet red cr.
2.10679°
i.
s.
i.
sl. s.
2.1370°
i.
volt.
silv. met., cb.
1.837
3.715
356.9
3700
s. aq. reg., Hg(NO3)2;
sl. s. HNO3, HCl;
i. al., etc.
s. KI; i. al.
s. HNO3; i. al., et.
s. h. ac.; i. alk., dil. HCl,
NH3
s. H2SO4, HNO3
s. HNO3; i. HCl
s. h. conc. H2SO4; i.
HCl, HF, NH3, dil.
H2SO4, Hg
s. HCl, H2SO4, NH4OH,
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; v. sl. s.
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; sl. s.
al., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. abs.
al., et.
s. a., NH4OH
s. H2SO4, aq. reg.
s. alk. sulfides
s. alk. sulfides; i. NH3
s. NH4OH, H2SO4; i. NH
s. a., NH4OH, NH4, salts
16.6
15025°
2.53.5°
v. s.
39.288°
v. sl. s. (NH4)2SO4
d.
d.
−3H2O, 200
28
112.80°
1999°
v. s.
156100°
316100°
d.
s. NH4OH
s. al., et., NH4OH
s. al., et., NH4OH
i. c. NH4OH
d.
d.
0.009325°
i.
i.
d.
s. a.
s. a., NH4 salts
0.0189.8°
53.80°
180
i.
87.6100°
v. s.
s. aq. reg., HNO3, al., et.
s. NH4OH, al.; i. NH3
v. s. al.
s.
i.
i.
d.
i.
i.
s. NH4OH; i. al.
s. KCN; i. dil. KCl
s. abs. al., a.; i. ac.,
NH4OH
i.
v. sl. s.
∞56.7°
s. a., NH4OH, NH4Cl
s. a., NH4OH; i. alk.
s. NH4OH; i. abs. al.
i. al.
s. a., NH4OH
d. a.
i. al., et., act.
−25
subl.
43751mm
973
−4H2O, 200
subl. 250
d.
gn. cr.
bk.
lt. gn.
gn., mn.
2.154
4.36
2.05
d.
d.
d.
56.7
gn.-bk., cb., 2.37
red yel., mn.
yel., cb.
7.45
1.87511°
3.68
Forms Ni2O3 at 400
−H2O, 100
−SO3, 840
136.7
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
243.00°
v. s.
i.
s.
27.20°
i.
76.7100°
2-20
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Nickel (Cont.)
sulfate
NiSO46H2O*
262.85
2.07
sulfate (morenosite)
Nitric acid
Nitric acid
Nitric acid
Nitro acid sulfite
Nitrogen
NiSO47H2O
HNO3
HNO3H2O
HNO33H2O
NO2HSO3
N2
280.86
63.01
81.03
117.06
127.08
28.01
gn. mn. or blue, tet.,
1.5109
gn., rhb., 1.4893
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col., rhb.
col. gas or cb. cr.
Nitrogen oxide, mono- (ous)
N2O
44.01
col. gas
oxide, di- (ic)
NO or (NO)2
oxide, tri-
N2O3
30.01
60.01
76.01
oxide, tetra- (per- or di-)
NO2 or (NO2)2
Name
col. gas
N2O5
46.01
92.01
108.01
red-brn. gas or blue
lq. or solid
yel. lq., col. solid,
red-brn. gas
wh., rhb.
oxybromide
oxychloride
NOBr
NOCl
109.91
65.46
brn. lq.
red-yel. lq. or gas
Nitroxyl chloride
Osmium
chloride, dichloride, trichloride, tetraOxygen
NO2Cl
Os
OsCl2
OsCl3
OsCl4
O2
81.46
190.23
261.14
296.59
332.04
32.00
yel.-brn. gas
blue, hex.
gn., delq.
brn., cb.
red-yel. nd.
col. gas or hex. solid
Ozone
O3
48.00
col. gas
Palladium
Pd
106.42
silv. met., cb.
PdBr2
PdCl2
PdCl22H2O
Pd(CN)2
266.23
177.33
213.36
158.45
brn.
brn., cb.
brn. pr.
yel.
213.85
211.39
100.46
118.47
136.49
met.
red or yel., tet.
unstable, col. lq
fairly stable nd.
stable lq., col.
Periodic acid
Periodic acid
Permanganic acid
Permolybdic acid
Persulfuric acid
Phosphamic acid
Phosphatomolybdic acid
Phosphine
Pd2H
Pd(NH3)2Cl2
HClO4
HClO4H2O
HClO42H2O*
73.6% anh.
HIO4
HIO42H2O
HMnO4
HMoO42H2O
H2S2O8
PONH2(OH)2
H7P(Mo2O7)628H2O
PH3
191.91
227.94
119.94
196.98
194.14
97.01
2365.71
34.00
wh. cr.
delq., mn.
exists only in solution
wh. cr.
hyg. cr.
cb.
yel. cb.
col. gas
Phosphonium chloride
PH4Cl
oxide, penta-
bromide (ous)
chloride
chloride
cyanide
hydride
Palladous dichlorodiammine
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid
70.46
wh., cb.
1.948
1.502
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
280100°
tr. 53.3
−6H2O, 280
13150°
98–100
−42
−38
−18.5
73 d.
−209.86
−6H2O, 103
86
0°
30°
117.8
∞
∞
∞
−195.8
63.5
∞
∞
263−20°
d.
2.350° cc
−90.7
130.520° cc
−151
0°
7.34 cc
60.8224°
cc
0.0100°
3.5
s.
−9.3
21.3
d.
1.63
30
47
s.
>1.0
1.417−12°
2.31 (A)
lq. 1.3214°
22.4820°
−55.5
−64.5
−2
−5.5
d.
d.
<−30
2700
5
>5300
1.026−252.5°
0.808−195.8°
12.50° (D)
lq. 1.226−89°
−102.3
1.530 (A)
−150.2°
lq. 1.269
−161
1.0367 (A)
1.4472°
−102
1.44820°
18°
1.14
1.426−252.5°
1.1053 (A)
1.71−183°
3.03−80°
1.658 (A)
12.020°
111550°
s. H2SO4, al.
26.6 cc al.; 3.5 cc H2SO4;
s. aq. FeSO4
s. a., et.
s. HNO3, H2SO4, chl.,
CS2
Forms
HNO3
s. fuming H2SO4
−183
−251
−112
0.4940° cc
060° cc
s. oil turp., oil cinn.
1555
2200
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
i.
i.
s.
s.
i.
s. aq. reg., h. H2SO4;
i. NH3
s. HBr
s. HCl, act., al.
s. HCl, act., al.
s. HCN, KCN, NH4OH;
i. dil. a.
d.
lq. 0.746−90°
1.146 (A)
s. al.
expl. with al.
d. al.
d. al.
s. H2SO4
sl. s. al.
−218.4
500 d.
11.06
2.5
1.768 22°
4
1.88
25°
1.71 4
v. s. NH4OH, al.
d
i.
s. d.
sl. s.
s. d.
4.890° cc
d. 560–600
−188°
1.5520° cc
Other reagents
i.
2.630° cc
1.7100° cc
sl. s. aq. reg., HNO3; i. NH3
s. NaCl, al., et.
s. a., alk., al.; sl. s. et.
s. HCl, al.
sl. s. al., s. fused Ag
d.
−112
50
−17.8
1618mm
d.
200
d. 138
d. 110
subl. 110
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
<60
d.
78
−132.5
−25H2O, 140
−85
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
2617° cc
2846atm
subl.
d.
s. a., NH4OH
s. al.
v. s.
d.
v. s.
d.
v. s. d.
i.100°
sl. s. al., et.
d. al.
i. al.
s. HNO8
s. Cu2Cl2, al., et.
Phosphoric acid, hypoPhosphoric acid, meta-
H4P2O6
HPO3
161.98
79.98
cr.
vitreous, delq.
2.2–2.5
55
subl.
d. 70
s.
s.
Phosphoric acid, orthoPhosphoric acid, pyro-
H3PO4†
H4P2O7
98.00
177.98
col., rhb.
wh. nd.
1.834
42.35
61
−aH2O, 213
2340
80028°
Phosphorous acid, hypoPhosphorous acid, orthoPhosphorous acid, pyroPhosphorus, black
Phosphorus, red
Phosphorus, yellow
H3PO2
H3PO3
H4P2O5
P4
P4
P4
66.00
82.00
145.98
123.90
123.90
123.90
syrupy
col.
nd.
rhombohedral
red, cb.
yel., hex., 2.1168
1.49318.8°
1.65121.2°
26.5
74
38
d.
d. 200
d. 130
ign. in air, 400
ign. in air, 725
280
∞
307.30°
d.
i.
i.
0.0003
PCl3
PCl5
137.33
208.24
col., fuming lq.
delq., tet.
75.95760mm
subl. 160
d.
d.
P2O5
POCl3
H3PO412WO3xH2O
Pt
141.94
153.33
2880.05
195.08
wh., delq., amor.
col., fuming lq.
yel.-gn. cr.
silv. met., cb.
−111.8
148 under
pressure
subl. 250
2
1755
4300
PtCl4
336.89
brn.
chloride, trichloride, pentaoxide, pentaoxychloride
Phosphotungstic acid
Platinum
chloride (ic)
chloride (ous)
chloride (ic)
cyanide (ous)
Plutonium
Plutonium
Potassium
acetate
acetate, acid
aluminate
amide
arsenate (monobasic)
auricyanide
aurocyanide
bicarbonate
bisulfate
bromate
bromide
carbonate
carbonate
carbonate
chlorate
chloride (sylvite)
chloroplatinate
chromate (tarapacaite)
cyanate
cyanide
dichromate
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
formate
hydride
hydrosulfide
hydroxide
iodate
iodide
18.2°
2.69
2.2020°
1.8220°; lq.
1.74544.5°
1.574 20.8°
4
solid 1.6;
295°
3.60 (A)
2.387
1.675
21.4520°
lq. 191755°
11°
Forms H3PO4
d.
s.
i.
v. s.
s. H2SO4; i. NH3, act.
d. al.
s. al., et.
s. aq. reg., fused alk.
d. 370
14025°
v. s.
i.
i.
v. s.
i.
v. s.
i.
brn.
5.87
d. 581
PtCl48H2O
Pt(CN)2
Pu
Pu
K
481.01
247.11
238.05
239.05
39.10
red, mn.
yel.-brn.
2.43
−4H2O, 100
98.14
158.19
250.20
55.12
180.03
367.16
288.10
100.12
136.17
167.00
119.00
138.21
174.24
330.46
122.55
74.55
485.99
194.19
81.12
65.12
294.18
329.24
422.39
84.12
40.11
72.17
56.11
214.00
166.00
2-21
*One commercial form 70 to 72 per cent.
†Common commercial form 85 per cent H3PO4 in aqueous solution.
wh. pd.
delq. nd. or pl.
cr.
yel.-grn.
col., tet., 1.5674
pl.
rhb.
mn., 1.482
rhb., or mn., 1.480
trig.
col., cb., 1.5594
wh., delq. pd., 1.531
rhb.
mn.
col., mn., 1.5167
col., cb., 1.4904
yel., cb., 1.825
yel., rhb., 1.7261
wh., tet.
wh., cb., delq., 1.410
red, tri.
red, mn. pr., 1.5689
yel., mn., 1.5772
col., rhb.
cb., 1.453
wh., delq., rhb.
wh., delq., rhb.
col., mn.
wh., cb., 1.6670
107.2760mm
238
Produced by deuteron bombardment on U
Produced by neutron bombardment on U238
0.8620°
62.3
760
lq. 0.8342°
1.8
292
148
d. 200
2.867
2.17
2.35
3.2717.5°
2.7525°
2.29
2.043
2.13
2.32
1.988
3.499
2.73218°
2.048
1.5216°
2.69
1.84
1.85317°
1.91
0.80
2.0
2.044
3.89
3.13
s. al.
v. s. al., et.
i. CS2
s. alk.; i. CS2, NH3, et.
0.4 al.; 100010° CS2; 1.50°,
1081° bs.; s. NH3
s. et., chl., CS2
s. CS2, C6H5COCl
265.98
KC2H3O2
KH(C2H3O2)2
K2(AlO2)23H2O
KNH2
KH2AsO4
KAu(CN)415H2O
KAu(CN)2
KHCO3
KHSO4
KBrO3
KBr
K2CO3
K2CO32H2O
2K2CO33H3O
KClO3
KCl
K2PtCl6
K2CrO4
KCNO
KCN
K2Cr2O7
K3Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)63H2O
KHCO2
KH
KHS
KOH
KIO3
KI
i. lq. CO2
i.
i.
sl. s.
59043atm
44.1; ign. 34
PtCl2
silv. met., cb.
26°
45062°
Forms
H3PO4
v. s.
Forms
H3PO4
∞
73040°
338
288
d. 200
d. 100–200
210
370 d.
730
891
368
790
d. 250
975
634.5
398
d.
−3HO2, 70
167.5
d.
455
380
560
723
subl. 400
d.
1380
d.
d. 400
1500
d.
d.
1320
1330
d.
0°
217
d.
s.
d.
18.876°
s.
14.3
22.40°
36.30°
3.110°
53.50°
105.50°
1830°
129.40°
3.30°
27.60°
0.740°
58.00°
s.
s.
4.90°
334.4°
27.812.2°
33118°
d.
s.
970°
4.730°
127.50°
i.
Forms
KOH
39690°
d.
v. s.
v. s.
200100°
6060°
121.6100°
49.75100°
104100°
156100°
331100°
268100°
57100°
56.7100°
5.2100°
75.6100°
d.
122.2108.8°
80100°
77.5100°
90.696.8°
65790°
s. d.
178100°
32.2100°
208100°
s. al., act.; sl. s. NH2;
i. et.
s. HCl, NH4OH; sl. s.
NH3; i. al., et.
s. al., et.
i. alk.
s. a., al., Hg
33 al.; i. et.
s. ac.
s. alk.; i al.
d. al.; 3.625° NH3
i. al.
s. al.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
i. satd. K2CO3, al.
d. al.
sl. s. al.; i. act.
sl. s. al., et.
i. al.
0.83 al.; s. alk.
s. al., alk.
i. al., et.
i. al.
v. sl. s. al.
s. gly.; 0.919.5° al.; 1.3 h. al.
i. al.
s. act.; sl. s. al.; i. NH3
s. act.; i. NH3, al., et.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
i. et., bz., CS2
s. al.
v. s. al., et.; i. NH3
s. KI; i. al., NH3
420° al.; s. NH3; sl. s. et.
2-22
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Potassium (Cont.)
iodide, triiodoplatinate
manganate
metabisulfite
nitrate (saltpeter)
nitrite
oxalate
oxalate, acid
oxalate, acid
oxide
perchlorate
permanganate
persulfate
phosphate, monobasic
KI3
K2PtI6
K2MnO4
K2S2O5
KNO3
KNO2
K2C2O4H2O
KHC2O4*
KHC2O4aH2O
K2O
KClO4
KMnO4
K2S2O3
KH2PO4
419.81
1034.70
197.13
222.32
101.10
85.10
184.23
128.13
137.13
94.20
138.55
158.03
190.32
136.09
3.498
5.18
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophthalate, acid
platinocyanide
silicate
silicate, tetrasulfate (arcanite)
Potassium sulfate, pyrosulfide, monosulfite
sulfite, acid
tartrate
tartrate, acid
thiocyanate
K2HPO4
K3PO4
KPO3
K4P4O122H2O
K4P2O73H2O
KHC8H4O4
K2Pt(CN)43H2O
K2SiO3
K2Si4O9H2O
K2SO4
K2S2O7
K2S5H2O
K2SO32H2O
KHSO3
K2C4H4O6aH2O
KHC4H4O6*
KCNS
174.18
212.27
118.07
508.31
384.38
204.22
431.39
154.28
352.55
174.26
254.32
200.34
194.29
120.17
235.28
188.18
97.18
thiosulfate
thiosulfate
Praseodymium
Radium
bromide
Radon (Niton)
K2S2O3
3K2S2O3H2O
Pr
Ra
RaBr2
Rn
190.32
588.99
140.91
226.03
385.83
222.02
dark blue, delq., mn.
cb.
gn., rhb.
mn., pl.
col., rhb., 1.5038
pr.
wh., mn.
mn., 1.545
trimetric
wh., cb.
col., rhb., 1.4737
purple, rhb.
wh., tri., 1.4669
col., delq., tet.,
1.5095
wh., delq.
wh., rhb.
wh. pd.
amor.
delq.
wh. cr.
yel., rhb., 1.62
hyg. 1.521
rhb., 1.530
col., rhb., 1.4947
col.
rhb., delq.
wh., rhb.
wh., mn.
col., mn., 1.526
col., rhb.
col., delq., mn.,
1.660
col., cb.
delq., mn.
yel.
wh., met.
wh., mn.
gas
Rhenium
Re
186.21
hex.
Rhodium
chloride
chloride
Rubidium
Rh
RhCl3
RhCl34H2O
Rb
102.91
209.26
281.33
85.47
gray-wh., cb.
red
dark red
silv. wh.
Ruthenium
Ruthenium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenic acid
Selenic acid
Selenium
Selenium
Ru
Ru
Sm (also Sa)
Sc
H2SeO4
H2SeO4H2O
Se8
Se8
101.07
101.07
150.36
44.96
144.97
162.99
631.68
631.68
bk., porous
gray, hex.
Name
hex. pr.
nd.
red pd., amor., 2.92
gray, trig., 3.00; red,
hex.
10.6°
2.11
1.915
2.13
2.0
2.32 20°
4
2.524 11°
4
2.703
2.338
2.56417°
2.25814.5°
2.26414.5°
2.33
1.63
2.4516°
2.417
2.662
2.277
1.98
1.956
1.886
2.23
6.520°
5?
5.79
lq. 5.5; 111
(D)
Melting
point, °C
45
d. 190
d. 150
tr. 129; 333
297
d.
d.
d.
Boiling
point, °C
d. 225
d. 400
d. 350
d. 400
d. <240
d. <100
256
d.
1340
tr. 450; 798
−2H2O, 100
−2H2O, 180
d.
976
d. 400
tr. 588
300
60
d.
d. 190
1320
d.
−3H2O, 300
−3H2O, 150
d.
172.3
d. 400
−H2O, 180
940
960
728
−71
d. 500
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
v. s.
s.
d.
250°
13.30°
2810°
28.70°
14.350°
2.20°
Forms KOH
0.750°
2.830°
1.770°
14.80°
Hot water
s. KI, al.
12094°
246100°
413100°
83.2100°
48.1100°
51.5100°
v. s.
21.8100°
32.3575°
1040°
83.590°
3325°
193.125°
s.
s.
s.
10.225°
sl. s.
s.
s.
7.350°
s.
s.
100
45.515°
12.517.5°
0.370°
1770°
>100
91.575°
278100°
6.1100°
21720°
96.10°
311.290°
v. s.
v. s.
s.
83
v. s.
36
v. s.
s.
s.
24.1100°
d.
d.
1140
subl. 900
−62
lq. 1.47588.5;
1.5320°
8.6
12.220°
7.7
2.5?
2.950 15°
4
2.627 15°
4
4.2625°
4.80; 4.50
1955
d. 450
>2500
subl. 800
38.5
>1950
2450
>1300
1200
58
26
50
220
s. KOH
sl. s. al.; i. et.
0.130° al.; i. et.
v. s. NH3; sl. s. al.
s. al., et.
0.10520° m. al.; i. et.
s. H2SO4; d. al.
i. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al.
i. al.
s. a.
i. al.
s. al., et.
i. al.
i. al.
i. al., act., CS2
s. al., gly.; i. et.
sl. s. al.; i. NH3
i. abs. al.
sl. s. al.
s. a., alk.; i. al., ac.
20.822° act.; s. al.
i. al.
d.
d. +H2
7020°
510° cc
s.
8.560° cc
3440
12.5
Other reagents
d. a.
s. al.
i. HF, HCl; s. H2SO4;
HNO3
sl. s. aq. reg., a.
v. sl. s. alk.; i. aq. reg., a.
s. HCl, al.; i. et.
s. a., al.
i.
i.
700
i.
i.
v. s.
d.
>2700
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s. aq. reg., a.
2400
260
205
688
688
130030°
v. s.
i.
i.
∞60°
s. H2SO4; d. al.; i. NH3
i.
i.
s. CS2, H2SO4, CH2I2
s. CS2, H2SO4
Selenium
Selenous acid
Silicic acid, metaSilicic acid, orthoSilicon, crystalline
steel gray
hex.
amor., 1.41
amor.
gray, cb., 3.736
4.825°
3.004 15°
4
2.1–2.3
17°
1.576
2.420°
28.09
cr.
28.09
40.10
268.89
169.90
brn., amor.
blue-bk., trig., 2.654
lf. or lq.
col., fuming lq.,
1.412
gas
col. gas
iridescent, amor.
col., cb. or tet.,
1.487
Se8
H2SeO3
H2SiO3
H4SiO4
Si
631.68
128.97
78.10
96.11
28.09
Silicon, graphitic
Si
Silicon, amorphous
carbide
chloride, trichloride, tetra-
Si
SiC
Si2Cl6
SiCl4
SiF4
SiH4
SiO2xH2O
SiO2
104.08
32.12
oxide, di- (lechatelierite)
oxide, di- (quartz)
oxide, di- (tridymite)
Silver
bromide (bromyrite)
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
Ag
AgBr
60.08
60.08
60.08
107.87
187.77
carbonate
chloride (cerargyrite)
Ag2CO3
AgCl
cyanide
nitrate (lunar caustic)
Sodium
acetate
acetate
aluminate
amide
Sodium ammonium phosphate
antimonate, metaarsenate
arsenate, acid (monobasic)
arsenate, acid (dibasic)
arsenate, acid (dibasic)
arsenite, acid
benzoate
bicarbonate
bifluoride
bisulfate
bisulfite
borate, tetraborate, tetra
fluoride
hydride (silane)
oxide, di- (opal)
oxide, di- (cristobalite)
borate, tetra- (borax)
2600
i.
900°
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
40090°
i.
sl. s.
i.
2.0–2.5
2600
i.
i.
2
3.17
1.580°
1.50
>2700
−1
−70
2600
subl. 2200
144760mm
57.6
i.
i.
d.
d.
i.
i.
3.57 (A)
lq. 0.68−185°
2.2
2.32
−95.7
−185
1600–1750
1710
−651810mm
−112760mm
subl. 1750
2230
v. s. d.
i.
i.
i.
hex., 1.5442
trig., rhb., 1.469
silv. met., cb.
pa. yel., cb., 2.252
2.20
2.65020°
2.26
10.520°
6.473 25°
4
tr. <1425
tr. 1670
960.5
434
2230
2230
2230
1950
d. 700
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.0000220°
i.
0.00037100°
275.75
143.32
yel. pd.
wh., cb., 2.071
6.077
5.56
218 d.
455
1550
0.00320°
0.00008910°
0.05100°
0.00217100°
AgCN
AgNO3
Na
133.89
169.87
22.99
wh., 1.685
col., rhb., 1.744
silv. met, cb.
3.95
4.352 19°
4
0.9720°
−(CN)2, 320
212
97.5
444 d.
880
NaC2H3O2
NaC2H3O23H2O
NaAlO2
NaNH2
NaNH4HPO44H2O
2NaSbO37H2O
Na3AsO412H2O
NaH2AsO4H2O
Na2HAsO47H2O*
Na2HAsO412H2O
Na2HAsO3
NaC7H5O2
NaHCO3
NaHF2
NaHSO4
NaHSO3
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O75H2O
82.03
136.08
81.97
39.01
209.07
511.60
424.07
181.94
312.01
402.09
169.91
144.10
84.01
61.99
120.06
104.06
201.22
291.30
wh., mn., 1.464
wh., mn.
amor.
olive gn.
col., mn.
cb.
hex., 1.4589
rhb., 1.5535
col., mn., 1.4658
mn., 1.4496
col.
col. cr.
wh., mn., 1.500
col. cr.
col., tri.
col., mn., 1.526
1.528
1.45
324
58
1650
210
79 d.
col., rhb., 1.461
2.742
1.48
2.367
1.815
Na2B4O710H2O*
381.37
wh., mn., 1.4694
1.73
60.08
1.574
217
d.
688
1420
400
1.759
2.535
1.871
1.72
1.87
86.3
d. 100
125
28
2.20
−CO2, 270
d.
>315
d.
741
d., −H2O
75
−10H2O, 200
17.5°
2-23
bromate
bromide
bromide
NaBrO3
NaBr
NaBr2H2O
150.89
102.89
138.92
col., cb.
col., cb., 1.6412
col., mn.
3.339
3.20517.5°
2.176
381
755
50.7
carbonate (soda ash)
carbonate
Na2CO3
Na2CO3H2O
105.99
124.00
2.533
1.55
851
−H2O, 100
carbonate
carbonate (sal soda)
Na2CO37H2O
Na2CO310H2O
232.10
286.14
wh. pd., 1.535
wh., rhb., 1.506–
1.509
rhb. or trig.
wh., mn., 1.425
1.51
1.46
d. 35.1
*Usual commercial form.
−3H2O, 120
−7H2O, 100
−12H2O, 100
0.00002220°
1220°
d., forms
NaOH
46.520°
v. s.
s.
d.
16.7
0.03112.8°
26.717°
s.
6115°
5.590.1°
v. s.
62.525°
6.90°
3.720°
500°
sl. s.
1.30°
2262° (anh.)
i.
i.
i.
i.
952100°
170100°
v. s.
v. s.
100
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HF; i. alk.
s. HNO3, h. H2SO4; i. alk.
0.5118° NH4OH; s. KCN,
Na2S2O3
s. NH4OH, Na2S2O3; i. al.
s. NH4OH, KCN; sl. s.
HCl
s. NH4OH, KCN, HNO3
s. gly.; v. sl. s. al.
i. bz.; d. al.
2.118° al.
7.825° abs. al.
i. al.
d. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al., NH4 salts; i. ac.
1.67 al., 5015° gly.
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
2.325°, 8.378° al.
i. al.
1390
27.5
9020°
79.50° (anh.)
d.
7.10°
s.
s.
21.50°
s.
23830°
0°
s. HNO3, al., et.
i. al., et.; d. KOH
s. HF, h. alk., fused CaCl2
s. HF; i. alk.
v. s.
140.730°
76.9100°
16.460°
s.
100100°
s.
8.7940°
52.3100°
(anh.)
20.380°
(anh.)
90.9100°
121100°
118.380°
(anh.)
48.5104°
s.
1.30.5 (anh).
i. CS2; s. H2SO4
v. s. al.; i. NH3
s. alk.; i. NH4Cl
s. alk.; i. NH4Cl
s. HNO3 + HF, Ag; sl. s.
Pb, Zn; i. HF
s. HNO3 + HF, fused
alk.; i. HF.
s. HF, KOH
s. fused alk.; i. a.
d. alk.
d. conc. H2SO4, al.
d. al.; i. NH3
i. al., act.
i. al.
s. gly.; i. abs. al.
i. al.
sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.
i. al., et.
s. gly.; i. al., et.
i. al.
2-24
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
Name
Sodium ammonium phosphate
(Cont.)
carbonate, sesqui- (trona)
chlorate
Formula
Na3H(CO3)22H2O
NaClO3
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
226.03
106.44
2.112
2.49015°
Melting
point, °C
chloride
chromate
chromate
citrate
cyanide
dichromate
NaCl
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO410H2O
2Na3C6H5O711H2O
NaCN
Na2Cr2O72H2O
58.44
161.97
342.13
714.31
49.01
298.00
wh., mn., 1.5073
wh., cb., or trig.,
1.5151
col., cb., 1.5443
yel., rhb.
yel., delq., mn.
wh., rhb.
wh., cb., 1.452
red, mn., 1.6994
ferricyanide
ferrocyanide
Na3Fe(CN)6H2O
Na4Fe(CN)610H2O
298.93
484.06
red, delq.
yel., mn.
1.458
fluoride (villiaumite)
formate
hydride
NaF
NaHCO2
NaH
41.99
68.01
24.00
tet., 1.3258
wh., mn.
silv. nd., 1.470
2.79
1.919
0.92
992
253
d. 800
hydrosulfide
hydrosulfide
hydrosulfite
hydroxide
hydroxide
hypochlorite
iodide
iodide
lactate
nitrate (soda niter)
nitrite
NaSH2H2O
NaSH3H2O
Na2S2O42H2O
NaOH
NaOH3aH2O
NaOCl
NaI*
NaI2H2O
NaC3H5O3
NaNO3
NaNO2
92.09
110.11
210.14
40.00
103.05
74.44
149.89
185.92
112.06
84.99
69.00
col., delq., nd.
rhb.
col. cr.
wh., delq.
mn.
pa. yel., in soln. only
col., cb., 1.7745
col., mn.
col., amor.
col., trig., 1.5874
pa. yel., rhb.
2.130
d.
22
d.
318.4
15.5
d.
651
1300
2.257
2.1680°
d.
308
271
d. 380
d. 320
oxide
Na2O
61.98
wh., delq.
2.27
subl.
NaBO3H2O
NaClO4
NaClO4H2O
Na2O2*
Na2O28H2O
NaH2PO4H2O*
NaH2PO42H2O
Na2HPO47H2O
Na2HPO412H2O
Na3PO4
Na3PO412H2O*
Na4P4O12
Na4P2O7*
Na4P2O710H2O
Na2H2P2O7
Na2H2P2O76H2O
NaKC4H4O64H2O
Na2SiO3
Na2SiO39H2O
Na4SiO4
Na2SiF6
Na2SnO33H2O
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
99.81
122.44
140.46
77.98
222.10
137.99
156.01
268.07
358.14
163.94
380.12
407.85
265.90
446.06
221.94
330.03
282.22
122.06
284.20
184.04
188.06
266.73
142.04
142.04
wh. pd.
rhb., 1.4617
hex.
yel.-wh. pd.
wh., hex.
col., rhb., 1.4852
col., rhb., 1.4629
col., mn., 1.4424
col., mn., 1.4361
wh.
wh., trig., 1.4458
col.
wh.
mn., 1.4525
col., mn., 1.510
col., mn., 1.4645
rhb., 1.493
col., rhb., 1.520
rhb.
col., hex., 1.530
wh., hex., 1.312
hex. tablets
col., rhb., 1.477
col., mn.
perborate
perchlorate
perchlorate
peroxide
peroxide
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, monobasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, dibasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, tribasic
phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, pyrophosphate (pyrodisodium)
phosphate (pyrodisodium)
potassium tartrate
silicate, metaSodium silicate, metasilicate, orthosilicofluoride
stannate
sulfate (thenardite)
sulfate
2.163
2.723
1.483
1.857 23.5°
4
18°
2.52
3.6670°
2.448
2.02
2.805
2.040
1.91
1.679
1.52
2.53717.5°
1.62
2.476
2.45
1.82
1.862
1.848
1.790
2.679
2.698
d.
248
Boiling
point, °C
800.4
392
19.9
−11H2O, 150
563.7
−2H2O, 84.6;
356 (anh.)
d. 40
482 d.
d. 130
d.
d. 30
−H2O, 100
60
d.
34.6
1340
73.4
616 d.
988
d.
d. 220
70 to 80
1088
47
1018
d.
d. 140
tr. 100 to mn.
tr. 500 to hex.
d.
1413
d.
1496
d. 400
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
130°
790°
42100°
230100°
0°
35.7
320°
v. s.
9125°
4810°
2380°
39.8
126100°
∞
250100°
8235°
50880°
18.90°
17.920° (anh.)
67100°
6398.5°
(anh.)
5100°
160100°
40°
440°
d.
d.
1390
d. 200
−12H2O, 180
−11H2O, 100
−4H2O, 215
−6H2O, 100
100°
s.
s.
2220°
420°
s.
260°
158.70°
v. s.
v. s.
730°
72.10°
s.
s.
d.
347100°
v. s.
15856°
302100°
v. s.
v. s.
180100°
163.2100°
Forms
NaOH
sl. s.
1700°
20915°
s. d.
s. d.
710°
91.10°
18540°
4.30°
4.50°
28.315°
s.
2.260°
5.40°
4.50°
6.90°
260°
s.
v. s.
s.
0.440°
500°
50°
48.840°
d.
320100°
28450°
d.
d.
39083°
30840°
2000100°
76.730°
77100°
∞
s.
4596°
93100°
2140°
3640°
6626°
s. d.
v. s.
s.
2.45100°
6750°
42100°
42.5100°
Other reagents
s. al.
sl. s. al.; i. conc. HCl
sl. s. al.
i. al.
s. NH3; sl. s. al.
i. al.
i. al.
v. sl. s. al.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
i. bz., CS2, CCl4, NH3;
s. molten metal
s. al.; d. a.
s. al.; d. a.
i. al.
v. s. al., et., gly.; i. act.
v. s. al., act.
v. s. NH3
s. al.; i. et.
s. NH3; sl. s. gly., al.
0.320° et.; 0.3 abs. al.;
4.420° m. al.; v. s. NH3
d. al.
s. gly., alk.
s. al.; 51 m. al.; 52 act.; i. et.
s. al.
s. dil. a.
i. al.
i. al.
i. CS2
s. a., alk.
d. a.
i. al., NH3
sl. s. al.
i. Na or K salts, al.
2918°, aN NaOH
i. al.
i. al., act.
i. al.
d. HI; s. H2SO4
Na2SO4
Na2SO47H2O
Na2SO410H2O
Na2S
Na2S4
Na2S5
Na2SO3
Na2SO37H2O
Na2C4H4O62H2O
NaCNS
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O35H2O*
Na2WO4
Na2WO42H2O*
Na6W7O2416H2O
Na2UO4
Na3VO416H2O
Na4V2O7
SnCl4
142.04
268.15
322.19
78.04
174.24
206.30
126.04
252.15
230.08
81.07
158.11
248.18
293.82
329.85
2097.05
348.01
472.15
305.84
260.52
col., hex.
tet.
col., mn., 1.396
pink or wh., amor.
yel., cb.
yel.
hex. pr., 1.565
mn.
rhb.
delq., rhb., 1.625
mn.
mn. pr., 1.5079
wh., rhb.
wh., rhb.
wh., tri.
yel.
col. nd.
hex.
col., fuming lq.
oxide (cassiterite)
SnO2
150.71
wh., tet., 1.9968
sulfate
Sn(SO4)22H2O
346.87
col., delq., hex.
SnBr2
SnCl2
SnCl22H2O*
SnSO4
Sr
278.52
189.62
225.65
214.77
87.62
acetate
carbonate (strontianite)
chloride
chloride
hydroxide
hydroxide
Sr(C2H3O2)2
SrCO3
SrCl2
SrCl26H2O*
Sr(OH)2
Sr(OH)28H2O*
nitrate
nitrate
oxide (strontia)
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (Glauber’s salt)
sulfide, monosulfide, tetrasulfide, pentasulfite
sulfite
tartrate
thiocyanate
thiosulfate
thiosulfate (hypo)
tungstate
tungstate
tungstate, parauranate
vanadate
vanadate, pyroStannic chloride
Stannous bromide
chloride
chloride (tin salt)
sulfate
Strontium
peroxide
peroxide
sulfate (celestite)
sulfate, acid
Sulfamic acid
Sulfur, amorphous
Sulfur, monoclinic
Sulfur, rhombic
Sulfur bromide, monochloride, monochloride, dichloride, tetraoxide, dioxide, tri-(α)
2-25
oxide, tri-(β)
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
*Usual commercial form.
884
1.464
1.856
2.633 15°
4
1.561
1.818
32.4
−10H2O, 100
275
251.8
d.
−7H2O, 150
d.
287
1.667
1.685
4.179
3.245
3.98714°
d. 48.0
692
−2H2O, 100
−16H2O, 300
2.226
866 (anh.)
654
−30.2
7.0
1127
yel., rhb.
wh., rhb.
wh., tri.
wh. cr.
silv. met.
5.1217°
215.5
246.8
37.7
−SO2, 360
800
205.71
147.63
158.53
266.62
121.63
265.76
wh. cr.
wh., rhb., 1.664
wh., cb., 1.6499
wh., rhb., 1.5364
wh., delq.
col., tet., 1.499
2.099
3.70
3.052
1.93317°
3.625
1.90
Sr(NO3)2*
Sr(NO3)24H2O
SrO
211.63
283.69
103.62
col., cb., 1.5878
wh., mn.
col., cb., 1.870
2.986
2.2
4.7
SrO2
SrO28H2O
SrSO4
Sr(HSO4)2
NH2SO3H
S
S8
S8
S2Br2
S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4
SO2
119.62
263.74
183.68
281.76
97.09
32.07
256.52
256.52
223.94
135.04
102.97
173.88
64.06
wh. pd.
wh. cr.
col., rhb., 1.6237
col., granular
wh., rhb.
pa. yel. pd., 2.0–2.9
pa. yel., mn.
pa. yel., rhb.
red, fuming lq.
red-yel. lq.
dark red fuming lq.
yel.-brn. lq.
col. gas
SO3
80.06
col. pr.
(SO3)2
H2SO4*
H2SO4H2O
160.13
98.08
116.09
col., silky, nd.
col., viscous lq.
pr. or lq.
2.7115.5°
2.6
3.96
2.03 12°
4
2.046
1.96
2.07
2.635
1.687
1.621 15°
15
lq., 1.4340°;
2.264 (A)
lq., 1.923;
2.75 (A)
1.9720°
1.834 18°
4
1.842 15°
4
149760atm
873
−4H2O, 61
375
−7H2O in
dry air
570
114.1
620
623
d.
1150
d.
−CO2, 1350
−6H2O, 100
19.420°
44.90°
3615°
15.410°
s.
s.
13.90°
34.72°
296°
11010°
500°
74.70°
57.580°
880°
8
i.
v. s.
s.
s.
45.360°
202.626°
41234°
57.390°
s.
s.
28.384°
67.818°
6643°
225100°
23180°
301.860°
97100°
123.5100°
d.
i.
d.
i.
i.
v. s.
d.
s.
83.90°
118.70°
1919°
d.
d.
269.815°
∞
18100°
Forms
Sr(OH)2
36.497°
0.065100°
100.8100°
19840°
21.83100°
47.7100°
36.90°
0.001118°
43.50°
1040°
0.410°
0.900°
d.
−8H2O, 100
1580 d.
d.
205 d.
120
119.0
112.8
−46
−80
−78
−30
−75.5
444.6
444.6
444.6
540.18mm
138
59
d. > −20
−10.0
400°
62.20°
Forms
Sr(OH)2
0.00820°
0.01820°
0.01130°
d.
200°
i.
i.
i.
d.
d.
d.
d.
22.80°
16.83
44.6
d.
50
10.49
8.62
d. 340
290
Forms H2SO4
∞
∞
2430
d.
d.
i. al.
sl. s. al.; i. et.
s. al.
s. al.
i. al., NH
i. al.
i. al.
v. s. al.
s. NH3; v. sl. s. al.
sl. s. NH3; i. a., al.
s. alk. carb., dil. a.
i. al.
i. al.
s. abs. al., act., NH3;
s. ∞ CS2
s. conc. H2SO4; i. alk.;
NH4OH, NH3
s. dil. H2SO4, HCl; d.
abs. al.
s. C6H5N
s. alk., abs. al., et.
s. tart. a., alk., al.
s. H2SO4
s. al., a.
0.2615° m. al.
s. a., NH4 salts, aq. CO2
v. sl. s. act., abs. al.; i. NH3
s. NH4Cl
s. NH4Cl; i. act.
10089°
12420°
s. NH3; 0.012 abs. al.
i. HNO3
sl. s. al.; i. et.
d.
d.
0.011432°
s. al., NH4Cl; i. act.
s. al.; i. NH4OH
sl. s. a.; i. dil. H2SO4, al.
1470° H2SO4
sl. s. al., act.; i. et.
sl. s. CS2
s. CS2, al.
240°, 18155° CS2
4070°
i.
i.
i.
s. CS2, et., bz.
d. al.
4.550°
s. H2SO4; al., ac.
s. H2SO4
∞
∞
s. H2SO4
d. al.
d. al.
2-26
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
TABLE 2-1
Name
Formula
Formula
weight
Color, crystalline form
and refractive index
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts
Cold water
Hot water
∞
Other reagents
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, pyroSulfuric oxychloride
Sulfurous oxybromide
oxychloride
Tantalum
H2SO42H2O
H2S2O7
SO2Cl2
SOBr2
SOCl2
Ta
134.11
178.14
134.97
207.87
118.97
180.95
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
or.-yel. lq.
col. lq.
bk.-gray, cb.
1.650 40°
1.920°
1.667 20°
4
2.6818°
1.638
16.6
−38.9
35
−54.1
−50
−104.5
2850
167
d.
69.1760mm
6840mm
78.8
>4100
∞
d.
d.
d.
d.
i.
i.
Tellurium
Te
127.60
met., hex.
(α) 6.24;
(β) 6.00
452
1390
i.
i.
Terbium
Thallium
acetate
chloride, monochloride, sesquichloride, trichloride, trisulfate (ic)
sulfate (ous)
sulfate, acid
Thio, cf. sulfo or sulfur
Thorium
Tb
Tl
TlC2H3O2
TlCl
Tl2Cl3
TlCl3
TlCl34H2O
Tl2(SO4)37H2O
Tl2SO4
TlHSO4
158.93
204.38
263.43
239.84
515.13
310.74
382.80
823.06
504.83
301.45
blue-wh., tet.
silky nd.
wh., cb.
yel., hex.
hex. pl.
nd.
lf.
col., rhb., 1.8671
trimorphous
11.85
3.68
7.00
5.9
303.5
110
430
400–500
25
37
−6H2O, 200
632
115 d.
1650
i.
v. s.
0.210°
0.2615°
v. s.
86.217°
d.
2.700°
i.
Th
232.04
cb.
11.2
1845
>3000
i.
i.
oxide, di- (thorianite)
sulfate
sulfate
Thulium
Tin
ThO2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)29H2O
Tm
Sn
264.04
424.16
586.30
168.93
118.71
wh., cb.
>2800
4400
mn. pr.
9.69
4.22517°
2.77
silv. met., tet.
7.31
231.85
2260
i.
0.740°
sl. s.
i.
i.
5.2250°
sl. s.
i.
i.
Tin
Sn
118.71
gray, cb.
5.750
Stable −163
to +18
2260
i.
i.
Tin salts, cf. stannic and stannous
Titanic acid
H2TiO3
97.88
wh. pd.
i.
i.
i.
d.
d.
s.
s.
i.
s.
d.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
s. H2SO4, alk.
s. h. conc. KOH; sl. s.
NH3, HNO3, aq. reg.
s. F2; i. a.
s. h. HNO3; sl. s. HCl,
H2SO4
s. alk.; i. a.
s. HF, alk., NH3
6.77
17.5°
806
d.
d.
−4H2O, 100
d.
d.
d. al.
d. al.
s. ac.; d. al.
s. bz., CS2, CCl4; d. act.
s. bz., chl.
s. fused alk., HF; i. HCl,
HNO3, H2SO4
s. H2SO4, HNO3, KCN,
KOH, aq. reg.; i. CS2
100°
1.8
1.9100°
d.
d.
18.45100°
−9H2O, 400
>3000
47.87
118.77
dark gray, cb.
bk., delq.
chloride, trichloride, tetraoxide, di- (anatase)
TiCl3
TiCl4*
TiO2
154.23
189.68
79.87
oxide, di- (brookite)
TiO2
79.87
oxide, di- (rutile)
TiO2
79.87
Tungsten
W
183.84
vl., delq.
col. lq.
brn. or bk., tet.,
2.534–2.564
brn. or bk., rhb.,
2.586
col. if pure, tet.,
2.615
gray-bk., cb.
19.3
3370
5900
i.
i.
carbide
carbide
WC
W2C
195.85
379.69
gray pd., cb.
iron gray
15.718°
16.0618°
2777
2877
6000
6000
i.
i.
i.
i.
oxide, triTungstic acid (tungstite)
WO3
H2WO4
231.84
249.85
yel., rhb.
yel., rhb. 2.24
7.16
5.5
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
Uranic acid
H2UO4
304.04
yel. pd.
5.92615°
Uranium
carbide
oxide, di- (uraninite)
U
U2C3
UO2
238.03
512.09
270.03
wh. cr.
cr.
bk., rhb.
18.485 13°
4
11.28
10.9
>2130
−aH2O,
100; 1473
−H2O, 250
to 300
1133
2400
2176
4.50
lq., 1.726
3.84
1800
Unstable in
air
d. 440
−30
136.4
4.17
4.26
1640 d.
s. al., et.
s. al., et.
s. dil. H2SO4
v. sl. s. dil. H2SO4
Ti
TiCl2
Titanium
chloride, di-
s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. NH3
v. s. al.
sl. s. HCl; i. al., NH4OH
<3000
3500
s. HCl, H2SO; sl. s.
HNO3; i. HF, alk.
s. h. H2SO4; i. alk.
s. HCl, H2SO4, dil. HNO3
h. aq KOH
s. a., h. alk. solns.
s. alk.; v. sl. s. dil. a.;
i. al.
s. a.
i. CS2, et., chl.
s. dil. HCl
sl. s. alk.
i.
i.
s. a., alk. carb.; i. alk.
i.
d.
i.
i.
s. a.; i. alk.
d. a.
s. HNO3, conc. H2SO4
i.
oxide (pitchblende)
sulfate (ous)
Uranyl acetate
carbonate (rutherfordine)
nitrate
sulfate
Vanadic acid, metaVanadic acid, pyroVanadium
chloride, dichloride, trichloride, tetraoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetraoxide, pentaoxychloride, monoVanadyl chloride
chloride, dichloride, triWater†
U3O8
U(SO4)24H2O
UO2(C2H3O2)22H2O
UO2CO3
UO2(NO3)26H2O
UO2SO43H2O
HVO3
H4V2O7
V
VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
V2O2
V2O3
V2O4
V2O5
VOCl
(VO)2Cl
VOCl2
VOCl3
H2O
842.08
502.22
424.15
330.04
502.13
420.14
99.95
217.91
50.94
121.85
157.30
192.75
133.88
149.88
165.88
181.88
86.39
169.33
137.85
173.30
18.02
Water, heavy
Xenon
D2O
Xe
20.029
131.29
olive gn.
gn., rhb.
yel., rhb.
tet.
yel., rhb., 1.4967
yel. cr.
yel. scales
pa. yel., amor.
lt. gray, cb.
gn., hex., delq.
pink, tabular, delq.
red lq.
lt. gray cr.
bk. cr.
blue cr.
red-yel., rhb.
brn. pd.
yel. cr.
gn., delq.
yel. lq.
col. lq., 1.3330020°;
hex. solid, 1.309
col. lq., 1.3284420°
col. gas
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
acetate
acetate
bromide
carbonate
Yb
Y
Zn
Zn(C2H3O2)2
Zn(C2H3O2)22H2O*
ZnBr2
ZnCO3
173.04
88.91
65.41
183.50
219.53
225.22
125.42
dark gray, hex.
silv. met., hex.
mn.
wh., mn., 1.494
rhb.
wh., trig., 1.818
ZnCl2
136.32
wh., delq., 1.687,
uniaxial
col., rhb.
col., rhb.
cb.
chloride
117.44
99.42
319.22
2-27
cyanide
hydroxide
iodide
Zn(CN)2
Zn(OH)2
ZnI2
nitrate
oxide (zincite)
oxide
peroxide
phosphide
silicate
Zn(NO3)26H2O
ZnO
ZnO
ZnO2
Zn3P2
ZnSiO3
297.51
81.41
81.41
97.41
258.17
141.49
sulfate (zincosite)
ZnSO4
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate (goslarite)
sulfide (α) (wurzite)
sulfide (β) (sphalerite)
ZnSO4H2O
ZnSO46H2O
ZnSO47H2O*
ZnS
ZnS
161.47
179.49
269.56
287.58
97.47
97.47
sulfide (blende)
sulfite
Zirconium
oxide, di- (baddeleyite)
oxide, di- (free from Hf)
ZnS
ZnSO32aH2O
Zr
ZrO2
ZrO2
97.47
190.51
91.22
123.22
123.22
col., tet.
wh., hex., 2.004
wh., amor.
yel.
steel gray, cb.
hex. or rhb.; glass,
1.650
wh., rhb., 1.669
col.
mn.
rhb., 1.4801
wh., hex., 2.356
wh., cb.; glass (?)
2.18–2.25
wh., granular
mn.
cb., pd. ign. easily
yel. or brn., mn., 2.19
wh., mn.
*Usual commercial form.
†Cf. special tables on water and steam, Tables 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-185, 2-186 and 2-351 through 2-357.
NOTE: °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32.
7.31
15°
2.89
5.6
2.807
3.2816.5°
5.96
3.2318°
3.0018°
1.81630°
3.64
4.87 18°
4
4.399
3.357 18°
4
2.824
3.64
2.8813°
1.829
1.004° (lq.);
0.9150° (ice)
1.10720°
lq., 3.06−109.1
2.7−140°
4.53 (A)
d.
−4H2O, 300
−2H2O, 110
60.2
d. 100
118
1710
3000
d.
−109
ign.
1970
1967
800
148.5755mm
d. 1750
d. in air
i.
2311°
9.217°
i.
963°
d.
s. HNO3, H2SO4
s. dil. a.
s. al., act.
170.30°
18.913.2°
i.
i.
i.
s.
s.
s. d.
i.
sl. s.
i.
0.820°
i.
i.
d.
s. d.
∞60°
23025°
v. s. ac., al., et.; i. dil., alk.
4 al.; s. a.
s. a., alk.; i. NH3
s. a., alk., NH4OH
s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. aq., alk.
s. al., et.
s. abs. al., et.
s. abs. al., et., chl., ac.
s. a.
s. HNO3, HF, alk.
s. a., alk.
s. a., alk.; i. abs. al.
v. s. HNO3
s. HNO3
s. abs. al., dil. HNO3
s. al., et., ∞Br2
∞ al.; sl. s. et.
i.
d.
d.
i.
s.
i.
<−15
0
127.19
100
3.82
−140
101.42
−109.1
∞
24.20° cc
∞
7.350° cc
∞ al.; sl. s. et.
5.51
7.140
1.840
1.735
4.2194°
4.42
1490
419.4
242
237
394
−CO2, 300
2500
907
subl. in vac.
−2H2O, 100
650
sl. d.
i.
3025°
4025°
3900°
0.00115°
d.
i.
44.6100°
66.6100°
670100°
2.91 25°
4
283
732
43225°
615100°
v. s. dil. a., h. KOH
s. a., ac., alk.
2.825°, 16679° al.
v. s. al.
v. s. NH4OH, al., et.
s. a., alk., NH4 salts;
i. act., NH3
10012.5° al.; v. s. et.; i.
NH3
s. KCN, NH3, alk.; i. al.
s. a., alk., NH4OH
s. a., al., NH3, aq.
(NH4)2CO3
v. s. al.
s. a., alk., NH4Cl; i. NH3
3.053
4.666 14.2°
4
2.065 14°
4
d. 80
d. 125
446
5.606
5.47
1.571
4.55 13°
4
3.52
36.4
>1800
>1800
expl. 212
>420
1437
3.74 15°
4
3.28 15°
4
2.072 15°
4
1.96616.5°
4.087
4.102 25°
4
d. 740
d. 238
−5H2O, 70
tr. 39
1850150atm
tr. 1020
4.04
6.4
5.49
5.73
−2aH2O, 100
1700
2700
18°
624
−6H2O, 105
1100
−7H2O, 280
subl. 1185
d. 200
>2900
4300
0.0005
0.0005218°
4300°
sl. s.
324.5
0.0004218°
0.0004218°
0.0022
i.
i.
∞36.4°
420°
s.
s.
115.20°
0.0006918°
i.
61100°
89.5100°
s.
653.6100°
i.
i.
sl. s. al.; s. gly.
i.
0.16
i.
i.
i.
i.
d.
i.
i.
i.
v. s. a.; i. ac.
s. H2SO3, NH4OH; i. al.
s. HF, aq. reg.; sl. s. a.
s. H2SO4, HF
s. H2SO4, HF
510100°
i. NH4OH; d. a.
s. dil. a.
sl. s. al.; i. act.; NH3
sl. s. al.; i. act.; NH3
v. s. a.; i. ac.
s. a.
2-28
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds*
Abbreviations Used in the Table
(A), density referred to air
al., ethyl alcohol
amor., amorphous
aq., aqua, water
brn., brown
bz., benzene
c., cubic
cc., cubic centimeter
chl., chloroform
col., colorless
cr., crystalline
d., decomposes
d-, dextrorotatory
dl-, dextro-laevorotatory
et., ethyl ether
expl., explodes
gn., green
h., hot
hex., hexagonal
i-, iso-, containing the group
(CH3)2CHi., insoluble
ign., ignites
l-, laevorotatory
lf., leaflets
lq., liquid
m-, meta
mn., monoclinic
n-, normal
are usually referred to water at 4°C, e.g., 1.02895/4 a density of 1.028 at 95° C referred to water at 4° C, the
4 being omitted when it is not clear whether the reference is to water at 4°C or at the temperature indicated by the upper figure. The melting and boiling points given have been selected from available data as
probably the most accurate. The solubility is given in grams of the substance in 100 of the solvent. In the
case of gases, the solubility is often expressed in some manner as “510 cc.” which indicates that, at 10°C, 5
cc. of the gas are soluble in 100 of the solvent.
This table of the physical properties includes the organic compounds of most general interest. For the
properties of other organic compounds, reference must be made to larger tables in Lange’s Handbook of
Chemistry (Handbook Publishers), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Chemical Rubber Publishing
Co.), Van Nostrand’s Chemical Annual, International Critical Tables (McGraw-Hill), and similar works.
The molecular weights are based on the atomic weight values in “Atomic weights of the Elements
2001,” PURE Appl. Chem., 75, 1107, 2003. The densities are given for the temperature indicated and
Name
Abietic acid
Acenaphthene
Acetal
Acet-aldehyde
-aldehyde, par-aldehyde ammonia
-amide
-anilide
-phenetidide (o-)
(m-)
-toluidide (o-)
(p-)
Acetic acid
anhydride
nitrile
Acetone
Acetonyl urea
Acetophenone benzoyl hydride
Acetyl-chloride
-phenylenediamine (-p)
Acetylene
dichloride (cis)
(trans)
Aconitic acid
Acridine
Acrolein ethylene aldehyde
Acrylic acid
nitrile
Adipic acid
amide
nitrile
Adrenaline (1-) (3,4,1)
Alanine (α) (dl-)
Aldol acetaldol
Alizarin
Allyl alcohol
bromide
chloride
thiocyanate (i)
thiourea
Aluminum ethoxide
Amino-anthraquinone (α)
(β)
-azobenzene
-benzoic acid (m-)
(p-)
Synonym
sylvic acid, abietinic acid
naphthylene ethylene
acetaldehyde diethylacetal
ethanal
paraldehyde
ethanamide
antifebrin
o-ethoxyacetanilide
acetyl-m-phenetidine
N-tolylacetamide
N-tolylacetamide
ethanoic acid, vinegar acid
acetyl oxide, acetic oxide
methyl cyanide
propanone, dimethyl ketone
dimethyl hydantoin
methyl-phenyl ketone
ethanoyl chloride
amino-acetanilide (p)
ethyne; ethine
1,2-dichloroethene
dioform
equisetic acid; citridic acid
acrylic aldehyde, propenal
propenoic acid
vinyl cyanide
hexandioc acid, adipinic acid
tetramethylene
1-suprarenine
2-hydroxybutyraldehyde
Anthraquinoic acid
propen-1-ol-3,propenyl alcohol
3-bromo-propene-1
3-chloro-propene-1
mustard oil
thiosinamide
aminodracylic acid
v. s., very soluble
v. sl. s., very slightly soluble
wh., white
yel., yellow
(+), right rotation
>, greater than
<, less than
∞, infinitely
s-, sec-, secondary
silv., silvery
sl., slightly
subl., sublimes
sym., symmetrical
t-, tertiary
tet., tetragonal
tri., triclinic
uns., unsymmetrical
v., very
nd., needles
o-, ortho
or., orange
p-, para
pd., powder
pet., petroleum ether
pl., plates
pr., prisms
rhb., rhombic
s., soluble
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
C20H30O2
C10H6(CH2)2
CH3CH(OC2H5)2
CH3CHO
(C2H4O)3
CH3CHOHNH2
CH3CONH2
C6H5NHCOCH3
CH3CONHC6H4OC2H5
CH3CONHC6H4OC2H5
CH3C6H4NHCOCH3
CH3C6H4NHCOCH3
CH3CO2H
(CH3CO)2O
CH3CN
CH3COCH3
<NHCONHCOC>(CH3)2
CH3COC6H5
CH3COCl
C2H3ONHC6H4NH2
HC⯗CH
CHCl:CHCl
CHCl:CHCl
C3H3(CO2H)3
C6H4 < (CH)(N) > C6H4
CH2:CHCHO
CH2:CHCO2H
CH2:CHCN
(CH2CH2CO2H)2
(CH2CH2CONH2)2
(CH2CH2CN)2
C6H3(OH)2(CHOHCH2NHCH3)
CH3CH(NH2)CO2H
CH3CH(OH)CH2COH
C6H4(CO)2C6H2(OH)2
CH2:CHCH2OH
CH2:CHCH2Br
CH2:CHCH2Cl
CH2:CHCH2NCS
CH2:CHCH2NHCSNH2
Al(OCH2CH3)3
C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2
C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2
C6H5N:NC6H4NH2
H2NC6H4CO2H
H2NC6H4CO2H
302.45
154.21
118.17
44.05
132.16
61.08
59.07
135.16
179.22
179.22
149.19
149.19
60.05
102.09
41.05
58.08
128.13
120.15
78.50
150.18
26.04
96.94
96.94
174.11
179.22
56.06
72.06
53.06
146.14
144.17
108.14
183.20
89.09
88.11
240.21
58.08
120.98
76.52
99.15
116.18
162.16
223.23
223.23
197.24
137.14
137.14
lf.
rhb./al.
lq.
col. lq.
col. cr.
col. cr.
col. cr.
rhb./al.
lf./al.
lf./al.
rhb.
rhb. or mn.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
tri./al.
lf.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr./aq.
rhb./aq. al.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
mn. pr.
cr. pd.
col. oil
col. pd.
nd./aq.
col. lq.
red rhb.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
col. pr.
pd.
red nd.
red nd.
yel. mn.
nd./aq.
mn. pr.
Specific
gravity
1.06995/95
0.82122/4
0.78318/4
0.99420/4
1.159
1.214
1.16815
1.21215
1.04920/4
1.08220/4
0.78320/4
0.79220/4
1.03315/15
1.10520/4
(A) 0.906
1.29115/4
1.26515/4
0.84120/4
1.06216/4
0.81120
1.36025/4
19/19
0.951
1.10320/4
0.85420/4
1.39820/4
0.93820/4
1.01320/4
1.21920/20
1.14220/0
1.5114°
Melting
point, °C
182
95
−123.5
10.5–12
97
81(69.4)
113–4
79
96–7
110
153
16.7
−73
−41
−94.6
175
20.5
−112.0
162
−81.5891
−80.5
−50
192 d.
110–1
−87.7
12–13
−82
151–3
226–7
1
d. 207–11
295 d.
289–90
−129
−119.4
−136.4
−80
77–8
150–60
256
302
126–7
173–4
187–8
Boiling
point, °C
278–9
102.2
20.2
124.4752
100–10 d.
222
305
>250
296
306–7
118.1
139.6
81.6–2.0
56.5
subl.
202.3749
51–2
−84760
60.3
48.4
346
52.5
141–2
78–9
26510
295
subl. >200
8320
430
96.6
70–1753
44.6
152
200–510
subl.
subl.
225120
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
i.
i.
625
∞
1213
v. s.
s.
0.56
i.
sl. s.
0.8619
0.0922
∞
12 c.
∞
∞
s.
i.
d.
s. h.
100 cc.18
0.3520
0.6320
3315
sl. s. h.
40
∞
s.
1.415
0.412
v. sl. s.
0.0320
2217
∞
0.03100
∞
i.
<0.1
0.2
30
d.
i.
i.
sl. s. h.
v. sl. s.
0.313
v. s.
s. h.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
2120
s.
s.
s.
1025
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
d.
v. s.
600 cc.18
∞
∞
sl. s.
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
s. chl.
∞
∞
∞
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
7 25
v. s.
0.615
s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
i.
s.
s.
s. h.
210
1110
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s.
i.
s.
1.86
8.26
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
s.
s.
Amino-diphenylamine (p-)
-G-acid (2-)(6-,8-), Na2 salt
-mono-potassium salt
-sodium salt
-J-acid (2-)(5-,7-)
-mono-potassium salt
-naphthol sulfonic (1-,2-,4-)(α-)
(1-,8-,4-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-toluene sulfonic acid (1-,2-,3-)
(1-,4-,2-)
(1-,4-,3-)
(1-,2-,5-)
Amyl acetate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
(s-)
(t-)
alcohol (n-) fusel oil,
(s-,n-) methyl-propyl carbinol,
(prim.-,i-) isobutyl carbinol,
(s-,i-)
(t-)
(d-)
-amine (n-)
(s-,n-)
(i-)
(t-)
aniline (i-)
benzoate (i-)
bromide (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
n-butyrate (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
i-butyrate (i-)
chloride (n-)
(s-)
(s-)
(i-)
(s-,i-)
(t-)
i-cyanide (i-)
formate (n-)
(i-)
iodide (n-)
(i-)
(s-,n-)
(t-)
2-29
mercaptan (n-)
(n-)
(i-)
phenol (t-)(p-)
propionate (n-)
(i-)
(act.)
salicylate (n-)
Amyl i-valerate (i)
(t-)
2-aminophenol
3-aminophenol
p-hydroxyaniline
common amyl acetate
α-Me-Bu-acetate
di Et-carbinol acetate
pentanol-1
pentanol-2
2-methyl-butanol-4
2-methyl-butanol-3
2-methyl-butanol-2
active amyl alcohol
1-NH2-2-Me-butane
3-amino pentane
3-NH2-2-Me-butane
1-bromopentane
4-Br-2-Me-butane
2-Br-2-Me-butane
1-chloropentane
2-chloropentane
3-chloropentane
4-Cl-2-Me-butane
3-Cl-2-Me-butane
2-Cl-2-Me-butane
1-Cl-2-Me-butane
iso-caproic iso-nitrile
1-iodopentane
4-I-2-Me-butane
2-iodopentane
2-I-2-Me-butane
pentanthiol-1
pentanthiol-3
2-Me-butanthiol-4
pentaphen
H2NC6H4NHC6H5
C10H5(NH2)(SO3Na)2
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HK
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HNa
C10H5(NH2)(SO3H)2
C10H5(NH2)S2O6HK
C10H5OHNH2SO3HaH2O
NH2(OH)C10H5SO3H
H2NC6H4OH
H2NC6H4OH
H2NC6H4OH
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3H
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3HH2O
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3HaH2O
C6H3(CH3)(NH2)SO3HH2O
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3
CH3CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2CH2CH(CH3)C2H5
CH3CO2CH(CH3)CH2C2H5
CH3CO2CH(C2H5)2
CH3CO2C(CH3)2C2H5
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
C2H5CH2CH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
(C2H5)2CHOH
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2C(OH)C2H5
(CH3)3CCH2OH
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2OH
CH3(CH2)4NH2
(C3H7)(CH3)CHNH2
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2NH2
(C2H5)(CH3)2CNH2
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2NH2
(C2H5)2CHNH2
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)NH2
C6H5NHC5H11
C6H5CO2C5H11
CH3(CH2)3CH2Br
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2Br
(CH3)2C(Br)C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2(CH2)4CH3
C2H5CH2CO2C5H11
C3H7CO2C(CH3)2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2C5H11
CH3(CH2)3CH2Cl
C2H5CH2CHClCH3
(C2H5)2CHCl
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2Cl
(CH3)CHCHClCH3
(CH3)2CClC2H5
(CH3)(C2H5)CHCH2Cl
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2NC
HCO2CH2(CH2)3CH3
HCO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)3CH2I
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2I
C2H5CH2CHICH3
(CH3)2CIC2H5
C2H5CH(CH3)CH2I
CH3(CH2)3CH2SH
(C2H5)2CHSH
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2SH
C5H11C6H4OH
C2H5CO2(CH2)4CH3
C2H5CO2(CH2)2CH(CH3)2
C2H5CO2C5H11
HOC6H4CO2C5H11
C4H9CO2C5H11
C4H9CO2C5H11
184.24
347.28
341.40
325.29
303.31
341.40
248.26
239.25
109.13
109.13
109.13
187.22
205.23
196.22
205.23
130.18
130.18
130.18
130.18
130.18
130.18
88.15
88.15
88.15
88.15
88.15
88.15
88.15
88.15
87.16
87.16
87.16
87.16
87.16
87.16
87.16
163.26
192.25
151.04
151.04
151.04
158.24
158.24
158.24
158.24
106.59
106.59
106.59
106.59
106.59
106.59
106.59
97.16
116.16
116.16
198.05
198.05
198.05
198.05
198.05
104.21
104.21
104.21
164.24
144.21
144.21
144.21
208.25
172.26
172.26
nd./aq. al.
67
354
col. nd.
pr.
lf.
nd.
mn.
nd.
tri./aq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
cr.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
173
122–3
184–6 d.
subl.
subl.
d.
0.87920/20
0.87615/4
0.88013
0.9220
0.87120/4
0.87419
0.817 20/20
0.81020/20
0.81315/4
0.815 25/4
0.81919
0.809 20/4
20/4
0.816
0.76619
0.749 20/4
0.75118/4
0.73125/4
0.75518
0.749 20/4
0.75718
0.92815/4
0.99214/14
1.21820/4
1.22017/15
1.21619/0
0.87115/4
0.86619/15
0.86515/0
0.8760/4
0.878 20/4
0.870 20/4
0.895 21
0.89320/4
0.8830
0.87120/4
0.88117.5
0.9020
0.882 20/4
1.51020/4
1.515 18/4
1.507 17/4
1.47119/15
1.524 20/4
0.857 20
−H2O, 120
−70.8
−78.5
−117.2
−11.9
52–3
−55
−105
−95
−73.2
−99
−72.9
−73.5
−93.5
−86
0.83520/4
0.87615/4
0.870 20/4
0.866 20/4
1.06515
0.85820/15
0.86114/0
93
−73.1
148.4737
142757
141–2
133.5
133
124.5 749
137.9
119.5
132.0
115.6
113–4
102
113–4
128
103–4
91–2
95
77–8
95–6
90–1
83–4
254.5
261746
129.7
120745
108765
186.4
178.6
164
168.8
108.4
96.7
97.3
99.7 758
91753
85.7
98–9
137–9
132
123.5
157.0
147 765
144–5
127 765
148
126767
105
120
265–7
168.7
160.2
5816
265
194
173–4
*By N. A. Lange, Ph.D., Handbook Publishers, Inc., Sandusky, Ohio. Abridged from table of Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
12.820
2.718
10.0 20
3.418
v. s.
v. sl. s.
1.7 0
2.6 0
1.10
0.97 11
0.5 20
0.47
311
v. sl. s.
0.315
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
2.7 22
420
214
5.5 30
2.830
sl. s.
sl. s.
3.630
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
i.
i.
i.
0.0216
i.
0.05 50
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
0.322
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
0.125
v. sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
4.30
s.
40
v. s.
sl. s.
i. bz.
i.
i.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
2-30
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Amylene (n-)(α-)
(i-)
(α-)
(-n)(β-)
(i-)(β-)
Anethole (p-)
Anhydroformald-aniline
Aniline
hydrochloride
nitrate
sulfate
Anisal-acetone (p-)
Anisic acid (p-)
aldehyde (p-)
Anisidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Anisole
Anthracene
Anthramine (α)
(β)
Anthranil
Anthranilic acid (o-)
Anthrapurpurin (1-,2-,7-)
Anthraquinone
disulfonate Na2 (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
sulfonate Na (1-)
(2-)
Anthrarufin (1-,5-)
Antipyrene
Apiole
Arabinose (α)(d- or l-)
(dl-)
Arachidic acid
Arsanilic acid (p-)
Asparagine (l-)
Aspirin (o-)
Atropic acid
Auramine
Aurine, coralline (4-,4′-)
Azo-anisole (2-,2′-)
benzene
Azoxybenzene
Barbituric acid
Benzal acetone
Benzaldehyde
Benzamide
Benzanilide
Benzene
sulfinic acid
sulfonic acid
sulfonic amide
sulfonic chloride
Benzidine (4-,4′-)
disulfonic acid (2-,2′-)
(3-,3′-)
Benzil
Benzoic acid
anhydride
nitrile
Synonym
pentene-1
2-methyl-butene-3
2-methyl-butene-1
pentene-2
2-methyl-butene-2
p-propenyl anisole
methylene aniline
amino benzene, phenyl amine,
cyanol
aniline salt, aniline chloride
MeO-benzalacetone
2-amino-anisole
MeO-aniline(m)
4-amino anisole
methyl phenyl ether
paranaphthalene, anthracin
green oil
α-amino-anthracene
β-amino-anthracene
diphenyleneketone,
dihydrodiketoanthracene
ρ-anthraquinone disulfonate
x-anthraquinone disulfonate
1-ph-2,3-diMepyrazolone-5
1-allyl-2, 5-diMeO-3,4 methylenedioxybenzene
eicosanoic acid
α-phenyl acrylic acid
4,4′-dimethylaminobenzophenomide
diMeO-azobenzene
diphenyldiimide
malonyl urea
Me-cinnamyl ketone
artificial almond oil
benzol, phenyl hydride,
cyclohexatriene
benzene sulfonamide
benzene sulfonyl chloride
dibenzoyl
phenyl cyanide
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
C2H5CH2CH:CH2
(CH3)2CHCH:CH2
(C2H5)(CH3)C:CH2
C2H5CH:CHCH3
(CH3)2C:CHCH3
CH3CH:CHC6H4OCH3
(CH2NC6H5)3
C6H5NH2
70.13
70.13
70.13
70.13
70.13
148.20
315.41
93.13
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lf./al.
pr./al.
col. oil
0.644 20
0.63215
0.667 0/0
0.650 20/4
0.66319/4
0.99120/20
C6H5NH2HCl
C6H5NH2HNO3
(C6H5NH2)2H2SO4
CH3OC6H4CH:CHCOCH3
CH3OC6H4CO2H
CH3OC6H4CHO
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NH2
CH3OC6H5
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H4
129.59
156.14
284.33
176.21
152.15
136.15
123.15
123.15
123.15
108.14
178.23
cr.
rhb.
lf./al.
lf./et.
mn./aq.
col. oil
col. lq.
oil
pl./aq.
col. lq.
col. mn.
1.222 4
1.356 4
1.377 4
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3NH2
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3NH2
C6H4:(NH)CO
H2NC6H4CO2H
C14H5O2(OH)3
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H4
193.24
193.24
119.12
137.14
256.21
208.21
yel./al.
yel./al.
col. oil
col. rhb.
or. nd./al.
yel. rhb.
C14H6O2(SO3Na)25H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)24H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)27H2O
C14H6O2(SO3Na)24H2O
C14H7O2SO3Na
C14H7O2SO3Na
C14H6O2(OH)2
C11H12ON2
C12H14O4
502.38
484.36
538.41
484.36
310.26
310.26
240.21
188.23
222.24
yel. lf.
yel. pr.
col. cr.
cr.
yel. lf.
silv. lf.
yel. lf.
mn./aq.
col. nd.
1.088113/4
1.0220/4
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
CH3(CH2)18CO2H
H2NC6H4.AsO3H2
HO2CC2H3(NH2)CONH2
CH3CO2C6H4CO2H
C6H5C(:CH2)CO2H
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2C:NH
150.13
150.13
312.53
217.05
132.12
180.16
148.16
267.37
rhb. pr.
1.585 20/4
col. lf.
nd./aq.
rhb.
nd./aq.
nd./aq.
col./al.
(HOC6H4)2C:C6H4:O
(CH3OC6H4N:)2
C6H5N:NC6H5
(C6H5)2N2O
CO:(NHCO)2:CH22H2O
C6H5CH:CHCOCH3
C6H5CHO
C6H5CONH2
C6H5CONHC6H5
C6H6
290.31
242.27
182.22
198.22
164.12
146.19
106.12
121.14
197.23
78.11
red
or. pr.
or. mn.
yel. rhb.
col./aq.
pl.
col. lq.
col. pr.
lf./al.
col. lq.
C6H5SO2H
C6H5SO3H
C6H5SO2NH2
C6H5SO2Cl
NH2C6H4C6H4NH2
(C6H3(NH2)SO3H)23H2O
(C6H3(NH2)SO3H)2
C6H5COCOC6H5
C6H5CO2H
(C6H5CO)2O
C6H5CN
142.18
158.18
157.19
176.62
184.24
398.41
344.36
210.23
122.12
226.23
103.12
pr./aq.
col. nd.
mn./aq.
cr.
cr./aq.
pr./aq.
1.38415/15
83–4
65–6
156
14.5
128–9
d. >175
pr.
mn. pr.
rhb./et.
col. lq.
1.2315
1.26615/4
1.19915/4
1.00125/6
95
121.7
42
−12.9
Formula
1.02220/4
1.385 4
1.123 20/4
1.09815/15
1.096 20/4
1.089 55/55
0.990 22/4
1.25 27/4
1.18715/4
1.438 20/4
1.54315/4
1.20320/4
1.248 20/20
1.035 20/20
1.046 20/4
1.341
1.314
0.879 20/4
Melting
point, °C
−135
−139
−124
22.5
143
−6.2
198
d. 190
d.
73–4
184.2
2.5
5.2
<−12
57.2
−37.3
217–8
130
238
<−18
144–5
369
286
280
113(109)
30
159.5
164.5
77
232
227–35
135–6
106–7
136
310 d.
153
68
36
d. 245
41–2
−26
130
163
5.5
Solubility in 100 parts
Boiling
point, °C
Water
Alcohol
Ether
30–1
20.5 771
31–2758
36.4
37–8
235.3
185
184.4
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
3.618
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
245
275–80
247–8
225
251
243
154–5
340–2
1815
s.
514
i.
0.0319
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s. h.
i.
i.
s.
s.
sl. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
1.520
i.
sl. s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
subl.
d. >215
subl.
462
379–81
i.
i.
sl. s. h.
0.35 14
sl. s. h.
i.
s.
sl. s.
s.
1110
v. s. h.
0.0518
sl. s.
s.
167
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
subl.
319174
294
v. s.
sl. s.
3.920
30.5 20
0.5320
0.8425
i.
100 25
i
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
100
s.
i.
i.
i.
s.
sl. s.
s.
460
16.910
i.
v. s. h.
3.128
137
0.1 c.
i.
0.59°
i.
s. h.
v. s. h.
i. c.
s.
s.
720
v. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
s. h.
i.
0.3
1.35 25
i.
0.07 22
s.
s.
4.220
11.415
sl. s.
s.
∞
1725
430
s.
s.
s.
∞
sl. s.
sl. s.
∞
v. s. h.
v. s.
0.4316
i.
1 h.
0.09 25
v. sl. s.
i.
0.217
i.
1100
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
1 h.
i.
v. s.
i.
v. s.
s.
2
i.
v. s.
4615
s.
∞
v. s.
6615
s.
∞
328
d. 235
267 d.
297
d.
260–2
179
290
117–910
80.1
d. > 100
d.
251.5
400740
348 d.
249.2
360
190.7
520
s.
2.320
s.
s.
2-31
Benzoin (dl-)
Benzophenone
Benzotrichloride
Benzoyl-benzoic acid (o-)
-chloride
-peroxide
Benzyl acetate
alcohol
amine
aniline
benzoate
butyrate
chloride
ether
formate
propionate
Berberonic acid (2-,4-,5-)
Biuret
Borneol (dl-)
(d- or l-)
(iso-)
Bornyl acetate (d-)
Bromo-aniline (p-)
-benzene
-camphor (3-)(d-)
-diphenyl (p-)
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-styrene (ω)(1)
(2)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromoform
Butadiene (1-,2-)
(1-,3-)
Butadienyl acetylene
Butane
(i-)
Butyl acetate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(tert-)
alcohol (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(tert-)
amine (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
p-aminophenol (N)(n)
(N)(i-)
aniline (n-)
(i-)
arsonic acid (n-)
benzoate (n-)
(i-)
bromide (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
butyrate (n-)(n-)
(n-)(i-)
(i-)(i-)
caproate
carbamate (i-)
cellosolve (n-)
diphenyl ketone
phenyl chloroform
phenyl carbinol
ω-amino toluene
phenyl-benzylamine
ω-chlorotoluene
dibenzyl ether
allophanamide
phenyl bromide
α-bromocamphor
α-naphthyl bromide
β-naphthyl bromide
o-tolyl bromide
tribromo-methane
methyl-allene
erythrene
diethyl
trimethyl-methane
butanol-1
butanol-2
2-methyl-propanol-1
2-methyl-propanol-2
1-bromo-butane
2-bromo-butane
1-Br-2-Me-propane
2-Br-2-Me-propane
2-BuO-ethanol-1
C6H5COCHOHC6H5
C6H5COC6H5
C6H5CCl3
C6H5COC6H4CO2HH2O
C6H5COCl
(C6H5CO)2O2
CH3CO2CH2C6H5
C6H5CH2OH
C6H5CH2NH2
C6H5CH2NHC6H5
C6H5CO2CH2C6H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH2C6H5
C6H5CH2Cl
(C6H5CH2)2O
HCO2CH2C6H5
C2H5CO2CH2C6H5
C5H2N(CO2H)32H2O
NH(CONH2)2
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
CH3CO2C10H17
BrC6H4NH2
C6H5Br
BrC10H15O
BrC6H4C6H5
C10H7Br
C10H7Br
BrC6H4OH
BrC6H4OH
BrC6H4OH
C6H5CH:CHBr
C6H5CH:CHBr
CH3C6H4Br
CH3C6H4Br
CH3C6H4Br
CHBr3
CH3CH:C:CH2
CH2:CHCH:CH2
CH2:(CH)2:CHC⯗CH
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(CH3)2CHCH3
CH3CO2(CH2)2C2H5
CH3CO2CH(CH3)C2H5
CH3CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2C(CH3)3
C2H5CH2CH2OH
C2H5CH(OH)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
(CH3)3COH
C2H5CH2CH2NH2
C2H5CH(NH2)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2NH2
(CH3)3CNH2
C4H9NHC6H4OH
C4H9NHC6H4OH
C4H9NHC6H5
C4H9NHC6H5
C4H9AsO(OH)2
C6H5CO2C4H9
C6H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2Br
C2H5CH(Br)CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2Br
(CH3)3CBr
C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH2C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCO2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)4CO2C4H9
NH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2
C4H9OCH2CH2OH
212.24
182.22
195.47
244.24
140.57
242.23
150.17
108.14
107.15
183.25
212.24
178.23
126.58
198.26
136.15
164.20
247.16
103.08
154.25
154.25
154.25
196.29
172.02
157.01
231.13
233.10
207.07
207.07
173.01
173.01
173.01
183.05
183.05
171.03
171.03
171.03
252.73
54.09
54.09
78.11
58.12
58.12
116.16
116.16
116.16
116.16
74.12
74.12
74.12
74.12
73.14
73.14
73.14
73.14
165.23
165.23
149.23
149.23
182.05
178.23
178.23
137.02
137.02
137.02
137.02
144.21
144.21
144.21
172.26
117.15
118.17
mn.
col. rhb.
col. lq.
tri./aq.
col. lq.
rhb./et.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
mn. pr.
nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
tri.
nd./al.
col. cr.
col. cr.
col. cr.
rhb./pet.
rhb.
col. lq.
cr.
cr./al.
col. oil
lf./al.
col. lq.
cr.
tet. cr.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr./al.
col. lq.
lq.
col. gas
col. lq.
col. gas
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
oil
col. lf.
col. oil
col. oil
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lf.
col. lq.
1.08354
1.38014
1.21220/4
1.05717
1.04320/4
0.98220/4
1.065 25/25
1.1220/4
1.01616/18
1.100 20/20
1.03616
1.08123
1.03616/17
20/4
1.011
1.01120/4
15
0.991
1.820
1.495 20/4
1.449 20/4
1.48220/4
1.605 0
1.55380
1.588 80
1.42220/4
1.427 20/4
1.42220/4
1.410 20/4
1.390 20/4
2.890 20/4
0.62120/4
0.773 20/4
0.600
0.600
0.882 20
0.865 25/4
0.87120/4
0.866 20/4
0.810 20/4
0.808 20/4
0.80517.5
0.779 26
0.739 25/4
0.724 20/4
0.73220/20
0.69818/4
133–7
48.5
−4.75
93(128)
−0.5
108 d.
−51.5
−15.3
37–8
21
238–40
−39
3.6
243
192–3 d.
210.5
208–9
212
29
63–4
−30.6
77–8
90–1
5–6
59
5.6
32–3
63.5
7
−7.5
−28
−39.8
28.5
8–9
−108.9
−135
−145
−76.3
−98.9
−79.9
−114.7
−108
25.5
−50
−104
−85
−67.5
71
79
0.940 20/4
1.005 25/25
0.997 25/25
1.277 20/4
1.25125/4
1.258 25/4
1.21120/4
0.87220/20
0.86318/4
0.875 0/4
0.8820/0
0.95676/4
0.90320/4
158–9
−22
−112.4
−112
−118.5
−16.2
−80.7
65
344768
305.4
220.7
197.2
expl.
213.5
204.7
184.5
306750
323–4
i.
179.4
295–8
202–3747
220–2
subl.
212–3
226–7
156.2
274
310
281.1
281–2
194–5
236–7
238
221
10826
181.8
183.7
184–5
150.5
18–9
−4.41
83–6
−0.6
−10
125 740
112744
118
95–6760
117
99.5
107–8
82.9
77.8
66772
68–9
45.2
235720
231–2
249–50
241.5
101.6
91.3
91.5
73.3
165.7736
156.9
148–9
204.3
206–7
171.2
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
d.
i.
i.
417
∞
i.
i.
v. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
1.30
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i. c.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
s.
1.415
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.1 c.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.7
i.
0.625
i.
915
12.520
1015
∞
∞
∞
∞
i.
i.
i.
0.0115
s.
i.
i.
0.0616
i.
0.0618
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
∞
s. h.
6.515
s.
sl. s.
1513
s.
d. h.
s. h.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s. h.
s.
∞
s.
∞
sl. s. h.
s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
2026
s.
s.
620
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
v. s.
∞
v. s.
34 25
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞25
s.
∞25
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
i.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
∞
2-32
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
chloride (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
dimethylbenzene (t-)(1-,3-,5-)
formate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
furoate (n-)
iodide (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
(t-)
lactate (n-)
mercaptan (n-)
(i-)
(t-)
methacrylate (n-)
(i-)
phenol (p-)(t-)
propionate (n-)
(s-)
(i-)
stearate (n-)
(i-)
iso-thiocyanate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)(d-)
(t-)
valerate (n-)(n-)
(i-)(n-)
(i-)(s-)
(i-)(i-)
Butylene (α-)
(β-)
Butyraldehyde (n-)
(i-)
Butyric acid (n-)
(i-)
amide (n-)
(i-)
anhydride (n-)
(i-)
anilide (n-)
Caffeic acid (3-,4-)
Caffeine
Camphene (dl-)
(d- or l-)
Camphor (d-)
Camphoric acid (d-)
Cantharidine
Capric acid
Caproic acid (n-)
(i-)
Caprylic acid (n-)
Carbazole
Carbitol
Carbon disulfide
monoxide
suboxide
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Carbonyl sulfide
Carminic acid
Carvacrol (1-,2-,4-)
Synonym
1-chloro-butane
2-chloro-butane
1-Cl2-2-Me-propane
2-Cl2-2-Me-propane
1-iodo-butane
2-iodo-butane
1-iodo-2-Me-propane
2-iodo-2-Me-propane
butanthiol-1
2-Me-propanthiol-1
butyl mustard oil
iso-Bu mustard oil
butene-1
butene-2
2-Me-propanol
butanoic acid
2-Me-propanoic acid
n-butyramide
iso-butyramide
n-butyranilide
decanoic acid
hexanoic acid
2-Me-pentanoic-5 acid
octanoic acid
diphenylenelimine, dibenzopyrrole
diethylene glycol mono-Et ether
tetrabromomethane
tetrachloromethane
tetrafluoromethane
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
C2H5CH2CH2Cl
C2H5CHClCH3
(CH3)2CHCH2Cl
(CH3)3CCl
(CH3)3CC6H3:(CH3)2
HCO2CH2CH2C2H5
HCO2CH(CH3)C2H5
HCO2CH2CH(CH3)2
OC4H3CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2I
C2H5CHICH3
(CH3)2CHCH2I
(CH3)3CI
CH3CH(OH)CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2SH
(CH3)2CHCH2SH
(CH3)3CSH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9
(CH3)3CC6H4OH
C2H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CO2C4H9
C2H5CO2C4H9
CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9
CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9
C2H5CH2CH2N:CS
(CH3)2CHCH2N:CS
C4H9N:CS
(CH3)3CN:CS
CH3(CH2)3CO2(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C4H9
C4H9CO2C4H9
C2H5CH:CH2
CH3CH:CHCH3
CH3CH2CH2CHO
(CH3)2CHCHO
C2H5CH2CO2H
(CH3)2CHCO2H
C2H5CH2CONH2
(CH3)2CHCONH2
(C2H5CH2CO)2O
[(CH3)2CHCO]2O
C3H7CONHC6H5
(HO)2C6H3C2H2CO2H
C8H10O2N4H2O
C10H16
C10H16
C10H16O
C8H14(CO2H)2
C10H12O4
CH3(CH2)8CO2H
CH3(CH2)4CO2H
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CO2H
CH3(CH2)6CO2H
(C6H4)2NH
C2H5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH
CS2
CO
OC:C:CO
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
COS
C22H20O13
CH3C6H3(OH)CH(CH3)2
92.57
92.57
92.57
92.57
162.27
102.13
102.13
102.13
168.19
184.02
184.02
184.02
184.02
146.18
90.19
90.19
90.19
142.20
142.20
150.22
130.18
130.18
130.18
340.58
340.58
115.20
115.20
115.20
115.20
158.24
158.24
158.24
158.24
56.11
56.11
72.11
72.11
88.11
88.11
87.12
87.12
158.19
158.19
163.22
180.16
212.21
136.23
136.23
152.23
200.23
196.20
172.26
116.16
116.16
144.21
167.21
134.17
76.14
28.01
68.03
331.63
153.82
88.00
60.08
492.39
150.22
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
nd./aq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
wax
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. gas
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
rhb.
mn. pl.
col. lq.
col. lq.
mn. pr.
yel./aq.
nd./al.
cr.
cr.
trig.
mn.
cr.
col. nd.
oily lq.
col. oil
col. lf.
lf.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. gas
gas
col. mn.
col. lq.
gas
col. gas
red pd.
col. lq.
0.887 20
0.87120/4
0.88415
0.84715
−123.1
−131
−131.2
−26.5
77.9763
67.8767
68.9
51–2
200–2147
106.9
97
98.2
118–2025
129.9
118–9
120
99
75–66
97–8
88
65–7
155
155
236–8
146
132.5
136.8
220–525
0.9110
0.88220/4
0.885 20/4
1.056 20/4
1.617 20/4
1.595 20
1.606 20/4
1.370 19/15
0.968
0.837 25/4
0.836 20/4
0.889 15.6
0.889 15.6
0.908 112/4
0.88315
0.866 20/4
0.888 0/4
0.855 25/25
0.95611
0.96414/4
0.943 20/4
0.91910
0.87015/4
0.862 25/4
0.848 20/4
0.8740/4
0.69
20/4
0.817
0.79420/4
0.96420/4
0.949 20/4
1.032
1.013
0.968 20/20
0.950 25/4
1.134
1.2319
0.82278
0.845 50/4
0.999 9/9
1.186
0.889 87
0.922 20/4
0.925 20/4
0.910 20/4
0.990 20/20
1.263 20/4
0.81−195/4
1.1140
3.42
1.595 20/4
1.24−87
0.977 20/4
−95.3
−103.5
−104
−90.7
−34
−116
<−79
99
−89.55
−71.4
27.5
25
10.5
−93
−130
−127
−99
−65.9
−4.7
−47
115–6
129–30
−75
−53.5
92
195–213
237
50
42.7
178–9
187
212
31.5
−1.5
−35
16
244.8
−108.6
−207
−107
90.1(48)
−22.6
−138.2
d. 136
0.5
165724
162
159–63
140770
186
168.8
163–4752
168.7
−5758
3746
75.7
64757
163.5757
154.5
216
216–20
199.5
181.5734
18915
d.
subl.
160
159.6
209.1759
268–70
202761
207.7
237.5
354.8
201.9
46.3
−192
7761
189.5
76.8
−128
−50.2760
238
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
0.0718
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
1.122
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
d
d
s.
s.
2
s.
s.
12012
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
sl. s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
s.
sl. s.
0.3
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
0.9214
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
sl. s.
s.
∞
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
0.3 25
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
4
1120
∞
20 20
16.315
v. s.
d.
d.
i.
s. h.
2
i.
i.
0.1
0.612
0.003
0.003
1.120
v. sl. s.
0.0715
i.
∞
0.20
3.50 cc.
d.
0.0230
0.0820
sl. s.
8014 cc.
s.
v. sl. s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
s.
v. sl. s.
∞
2-33
Carvacrylamine (2-,1-,4-)
Carvone (d-)
Cellosolve
acetate
Cellulose
Cetyl acetate
alcohol
Chloral
hydrate
Chloranil
Chloretone
Chloro-acetanilide (p-)
-acetic acid
-acetone
-acetophenone (ω-)
-acetyl chloride
-aniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-anthraquinone (1-)
(2-)
-benzaldehyde (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-benzene
-benzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-buta-1,3-diene (2-)
(1-)
-buta-1,2-diene (4-)
-dimethylhydantoin
-dinitrobenzene (α)(1-,2-)(4-)
(α)(1-,3-)(4-)
-diphenyl (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-hydroquinone
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-nitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-nitrotoluene (2-,4-)
(2-,6-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-propionic acid (α)(dl-)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Chloroform
Chlorophyll (α-)
Chloropicrin
Cholesterol
Chrysene
Chrysoidine (2-,4-)
Chrysophanic acid
Cinchomeronic acid (3-,4-)
Cineole, eucalyptole
Cinnamic acid (cis-)
(trans-)
aldehyde
Cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamate
Citraconic acid (cis-)
Citral (α)
Citric acid
Citronellal (d-)
Citronellol (d-)
Coniine (d-)(2-)
H2NC6H3(CH3)C3H7
C10H14O
C2H5O(CH2)2OH
CH3CO2CH2CH2OC2H5
(C6H10O5)x
CH3CO2(CH2)15CH3
CH3(CH2)14CH2OH
CCl3CHO
CCl3CH(OH)2
OC:(CClCCl)2:CO
Cl3CC(OH)(CH3)2
CH3CONHC6H4CI
ClCH2CO2H
CH3COCH2Cl
C6H5COCH2Cl
ClCH2COCl
ClC6H4NH2
ClC6H4NH2
ClC6H4NH2
C6H4(CO)2C6H3Cl
C6H4(CO)2C6H3Cl
ClC6H4CHO
ClC6H4CHO
ClC6H4CHO
C6H5Cl
ClC6H4CO2H
ClC6H4CO2H
ClC6H4CO2H
CH2:CClCH:CH2
CH2:CHCH:CHCl
CH2:C:CHCH2Cl
C(CH3)2N(Cl)CON(Cl)CO
ClC6H3(NO2)2
ClC6H3(NO2)2
C6H5C6H4Cl
C6H5C6H4Cl
C6H5C6H4Cl
ClC6H3(OH)2
C10H7Cl
C10H7Cl
ClC6H4NO2
ClC6H4NO2
ClC6H4NO2
CH3C6H3(NO2)(Cl)
CH3C6H3(NO2)(Cl)
ClC6H4OH
ClC6H4OH
ClC6H4OH
CH3CHClCO2H
CH3C6H4Cl
CH3C6H4Cl
CH3C6H4Cl
CHCl3
C55H72O5N4Mg
Cl3CNO2
C27H45OHH2O
C18H12
C6H5N:NC6H3(NH2)2
C14H5(OH)2(CH3)O2
C5H3N(CO2H)2
C10H18O
C6H5CH:CHCO2H
C6H5CH:CHCO2H
C6H5CH:CHCHO
C6H5CH:CHCH2OH
C8H7CO2C9H9
CH3C(CO2H):CHCO2H
C9H15CHO
C3H4(OH)(CO2H)3
C9H17CHO
C10H20O
C3H7C5H10N
149.23
150.22
90.12
132.16
162.14
284.48
242.44
147.39
165.40
245.88
177.46
169.61
94.50
92.52
154.59
112.94
127.57
127.57
127.57
242.66
242.66
140.57
140.57
140.57
112.56
156.57
156.57
156.57
88.54
88.54
88.54
197.02
202.55
202.55
188.65
188.65
188.65
144.56
162.62
162.62
157.55
157.55
157.55
171.58
171.58
128.56
128.56
128.56
108.52
126.58
126.58
126.58
119.38
893.49
164.38
404.67
228.29
212.25
254.24
167.12
154.25
148.16
148.16
132.16
134.18
264.32
130.10
152.23
192.12
154.25
156.27
127.23
oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
amor.
nd.
lf.
col. lq.
mn. pr.
yel./bz.
col. cr.
rhb.
col. cr.
col. lq.
rhb.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
rhb.
yel. nd.
nd./al.
nd.
pr.
pr.
col. lq.
mn./aq.
pr.
tri.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr./et.
rhb./et.
cr.
cr.
lf.
mn.
col. lq.
lf./al.
mn. nd.
yel./al.
mn. pr.
cr.
cr.
col. lq.
nd.
nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
rhb./al.
col. rhb.
yel. cr.
yel./al.
cr./HCl
col. oil
mn. pr.
mn. pr.
lq.
nd.
nd. or pr.
nd.
col. oil
cr.
col. oil
col. oil
col. lq.
0.99420
0.96120/4
0.93120/4
0.975 20/4
1.3–1.4
0.858 20
0.818 50/4
1.505 25/4
1.619 50/4
1.385 22
1.58 20/20
1.16216
1.32415
1.498 20/20
1.21320/4
1.216 20/4
1.42719
1.298
1.25015
1.196 61
1.107 20/4
1.544 25/4
1.496 25/4
1.54124
0.958 20/20
0.965 20/20
0.99120/20
1.5 20/20
1.697 22
1.194 20/4
1.26616
1.305 80/4
1.34350/4
1.298 91
1.256 80
1.24118/15
1.268 25
1.306 20/4
1.306 9
1.082 20/4
1.07220/4
1.070 20/4
1.489 20
1.65123/4
1.067
20
0.927
1.2844
1.245
1.110 20/20
1.040 35/35
1.08516.5
1.617
0.89017/4
1.54220/4
0.85517.5
0.84820/4
0.84717
−16
−70
22–3
49–50
−57
51.7
290
97
175–6
61.2
−44.5
58–9
0
−10.4
70–1
162
208–9
11
17–8
47.8
−45.2
141–2
158
242–3
130
39(36)
53(43)
34
89
77.5
106
−20
56–7
32.5
44.4(24)
83–4
38.2
37.5
7(0)
32–3
41–3
<−20
−34
−47.8
7.5
−63.5
d.
−64
149–51
253–4
117.5
195
258–9 d.
1.5
68
133
−7.5
33
44
92–3
153
−2
241
230766
135.1
156.3
i.
20015
189.515
97.6768
d. 98
subl.
167
189.5
121
245–7
105
210.5
230767
230–1
subl.
208748
213–4
213748
132.1
subl.
59.4
69
88
315 d.
315 d.
267–8
284–5
282
263 sl. d.
259.3
264751
245.5753
235.6
242761
240718
238
175–6
214
217
186
159.5
161.6
162.2
61.2
i.
112.3766
subl.
448
subl.
subl. d.
176–7
12519
300
252 sl. d.
257.5
229
d.
204–8
224–5
166–7
v. sl. s.
i.
∞
22
i.
i.
i.
v. s.
47417
i.
0.8 c.
sl. s.
v. s.
∞
0.11
d.
i.
i.
s. h.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s. h.
0.049 20
0.20825
0.04125
0.00825
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
d.
0.2125
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
2.8520
2.6020
2.7120
∞
i.
i.
i.
0.8220
s.
0.1718
0.2620
i.
sl. s. h.
i. c.
v. sl. s.
1.915
s.
∞
∞
∞
i.
v. sl. s. c.
s.
∞
v. s.
i. c.
111
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
d.
0.0418
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
i.
36025
i.
207.725
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
1.1
s.
sl. s. h.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
i. c.
s.
v. s.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s. h.
s. h.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s. h.
v. s. h.
v. s. h.
v. s.
∞
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
1.117
0.116
s.
s. h.
sl. s.
∞
s.
18
v. sl. s.
s.
sl. s.
i.
∞
2420
s.
v. s.
4 c.
s.
∞
7615
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
∞
v. s.
33
s.
∞
215
∞
∞
v. s.
2-34
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Coumaric acid (o-)
(p-)
Coumarin
Coumarone
Creatine
Creatinine
Creosol (3-,1-,4-)
Cresidine (1-,2-,4-)
Cresol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Cresyl benzoate (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Crotonic acid (α-)
acid (β-)(cis-)
aldehyde (α)
Cumene
Cumic acid (p-)
Cumidine (p-)
Cyanamide
Cyanic acid
Cyanoacetic acid
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
Cyanuric acid
Cyclo-butane
-heptane
-hexane
-hexanol
-hexanone
-hexene
-hexyl acetate
amine
bromide
chloride
-pentadiene (1-,3-)
-pentane
-pentanone
-propane
Cymene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Cystine (l-)
Dambose
Decahydronaphthalene (cis-)
(trans-)
Decane (n-)
Decyl alcohol
Dextrin
Diacetone alcohol
Diamino-benzophenone (4-,4′-)
-diphenylamine (4-,4′-)
-diphenylmethane (4-,4′-)
-diphenylurea (4-,4′-)
Diamyl-amine (i-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
Diamyl ketone (i-)
phthalate (n-)
(i-)
tartrate (i-)
Dianisidine (o-)(4-,3-)2
Diazo-aminobenzene
-aminotoluene (2-,2′-)
-methane
Formula
HOC6H4CH:CHCO2H
HOC6H4CH:CHCO2H
C9H6O2
C8H6O
C4H9N3O2H2O
C4H7N3O
CH3OC6H3(CH3)OH
CH3(NH2)C6H3OCH3
CH3C6H4OH
CH3C6H4OH
CH3C6H4OH
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
C6H5CO2C6H4CH3
CH3CH:CHCO2H
CH3CH:CHCO2H
CH3CH:CHCHO
C6H5CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHC6H4CO2H
(CH3)2CHC6H4NH2
H2NCN
HOCN or HNCO
CH2(CN)CO2H
(CN)2
BrCN
ClCN
C3H3O3N32H2O
CH2 < (CH2)2 > CH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2CH2)2 >
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHOH
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CO
(CH2CH2CH:)2
CH3CO2C6H11
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHNH2
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHBr
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCl
CH2 < (CH:CH)2 >
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 >
< (CH2CH2)2 > CO
< CH2CH2CH2 >
CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2
CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2
CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2
[SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2
C6H6(OH)6
C10H18
C10H18
CH3(CH2)8CH3
CH3(CH2)8CH2OH
(C6H10O5)x
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3
H2NC6H4COC6H4NH2
H2NC6H4NHC6H4NH2
H2NC6H4CH2C6H4NH2
(H2NC6H4NH)2CO
[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2NH
(C2H5CH2CH2CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]2O
[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2CO
C6H4(CO2C5H11)2
C6H4(CO2C5H11)2
(HOCHCO2C5H11)2
[NH2(OCH3)C6H3]2
C6H5N:NNHC6H5
C7H7N:NNHC7H7
CH2:N2
Formula
weight
Form and
color
164.16
164.16
146.14
118.13
149.15
113.12
138.16
137.18
108.14
108.14
108.14
212.24
212.24
212.24
86.09
86.09
70.09
120.19
164.20
135.21
42.04
43.02
85.06
52.03
105.92
61.47
165.10
56.11
98.19
84.16
100.16
98.14
82.14
142.20
99.17
163.06
118.60
66.10
70.13
84.12
42.08
134.22
134.22
134.22
240.30
180.16
138.25
138.25
142.28
158.28
162.14
116.16
212.25
199.25
198.26
242.28
157.30
158.28
158.28
170.29
306.40
306.40
290.35
244.29
197.24
225.29
42.04
nd./aq.
cr./aq.
rhb./et.
oil
mn./aq.
mn.
pr.
nd./pet.
cr.
lq.
pr.
lq.
cr.
cr.
col. mn.
nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
tri.
lq.
col. nd.
gas
col. lq.
col. gas
nd.
gas
mn./aq.
col. gas
oil
col. lq.
col. nd.
col. oil
lq.
oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
col. oil
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
pl.
mn./aq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
amor.
lq.
yel. nd.
lf./aq.
nd./aq.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
yel. oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lf.
yel. lf.
or. cr.
gas
Specific
gravity
0.93520/4
1.07815/15
1.09220/20
20/4
1.048
1.03420/4
1.03520/4
0.96479.7
1.03115/4
0.85320/20
0.86220/4
1.1624
0.953
1.07348/4
1.1400
0.86617
2.01520/4
1.2220
1.7680/4
0.7030/4
0.81020/4
0.77920/4
0.96220/4
0.94719/4
0.81020/4
0.9850/4
0.86520/0
1.32420/20
0.97718/4
0.80519/4
0.74520/4
0.94820
0.720−79
0.87520/4
0.86220
0.85720/4
1.752
0.89518/4
0.87220/4
0.7302
0.83020/4
1.038
0.93125
0.76721/4
0.77420/4
0.77720/4
0.82125/4
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
207–8
206–7 d.
70
<−18
295
260 d.
5.5
93–4
30.8
10.9
35–6
subl.
55
71.5
72
15.5
−69
−96.9
116–7
<−20
44–5
−80
65–6
−34.4
52
−6.5
>360
−50
−12
6.5
23.9
−45
−103.7
−43.9
−85
−93.3
−58.2
−126.6
<−25
−73.5
d. 258–61
253
−51
−32
−29.7
7
−47
237–9
158
93–4
subl. 310
−44
−69
14.6
1.03
1.06315/4
131.5
96–8
51
−145
290–1
173–4
221–2765
235
190.8
202.8
202
308
314
316
189
170–1 d.
102.2
152.5
subl.
225761
14019
−640
1080.2
−21
61.3750
12.5–13
d.
11–12726
118–20
80–1
160–1
155–6
83.3
174750
134
165714
142
41–2
49–50
129–30
−34749
177
175–6
176–7
31915
193.3
185.3
174.0
232.9
167.9
d.
249–5315
188–90
190
173.4
228
204–611
22540
19516
expl.
−23
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
sl. s. c.
s. h.
0.3 c.
i.
1.418
8.716
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
2.5
0.5
1.8
i.
i.
i.
8.315
∞25
18
i.
0.0225
i.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
45020 cc.
s.
250020 cc.
0.2717
i.
i.
i.
3.620
s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.0119
212
i.
i.
i.
i.
s.
∞
sl. s. h.
sl. s.
sl. s. c.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
s.
v. s. h.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.05
d.
0.0117
116
∞
s.
∞30
∞
∞36
∞
s.
∞30
∞
∞36
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
v. s.
s.
230020 cc.
s.
v. s.
0.122
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
50020 cc.
s.
500020 cc.
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
i.
i.
s.
s.
∞
s.
i.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
i.
s.
s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s. h.
s.
v. s.
i.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
2-35
Dibenzothiazyl-disulfide (2-,2′-)
Dibensoyl methane
Dibensyl-amine
-aniline
ketone
phthalate (o-)
succinate
Dibromo-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
Dibutyl-adipate (n-)
(i-)
-amine (n-)
(i-)
-p-aminophenol (s-)
-aniline (n-)
carbonate (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
(s-)
ketone (n-)
(i-)
malate (l-)(n-)
oxalate (n-)
phthalate (n-)
tartrate (d-)(n-)
(d-)(i-)
Dichloro-acetic acid
-acetone (αα-)
-aniline (2-,5-)
-anthraquinone (1-,3-)
(1-,4-)
(1-,5-)
(1-,6-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,3-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-butane (n-)(1-,4-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
-ethane (1-,2-)
-naphthalene (β-)(1-,4-)
(γ-)(1-,5-)
-nitrobenzene (2-,5-)
-pentane (1-,5-)
-phenol (2-,4-)
Dichloramine T (p-)
Dicyandiamide
Diethanolamine
Diethyl adipate
-amine
-aminophenol (m-)
-aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
carbonate
diethyl malonate
Diethyl dimethyl malonate
glutarate
ketone
malonate
-malonic acid
-naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
oxalate
phthalate (o-)
sulfate
sulfide
(C6H4NSC)2S2
(C6H5CO)2CH2
(C6H5CH2)2NH
C6H5N(CH2C6H5)2
(C6H5CH2)2CO
C6H4(CO2CH2C6H5)2
(CH2CO2CH2C6H5)2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
BrC6H4C6H4Br
(CH2CH2CO2C4H9)2
(CH2CH2CO2C4H9)2
(C2H5CH2CH2)2NH
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2NH
(C4H9)2NC6H4OH
C6H5N(C4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
CO(OC4H9)2
(C2H5CH2CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2O
[C2H5(CH3)CH]2O
(C2H5CH2CH2)2CO
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2CO
C2H4O(CO2C4H9)2
(CO2C4H9)2
C6H4(CO2C4H9)2
(CHOHCO2C4H9)2
(CHOHCO2C4H9)2
Cl2CHCO2H
Cl2CHCOCH3
Cl2C6H3NH2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H2Cl2
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H3Cl:(CO)2:C6H3Cl
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
ClCH2(CH2)2CH2Cl
ClC6H4C6H4Cl
ClCH2CH2Cl
C10H6Cl2
C10H6Cl2
Cl2C6H3NO2
ClCH2(CH2)3CH2Cl
Cl2C6H3OH
CH3C6H4SO2NCl2
H2NC(:NH)NHCN
HN(CH2CH2OH)2
(CH2CH2CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2NH
(C2H5)2NC6H4OH
(C2H5)2NC6H5
(C2H5)2NC6H4SO3H
OC(OC2H5)2
(C2H5)2C(CO2C2H5)2
(CH3)2C(CO2C2H5)2
CH2(CH2CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2CO
CH2(CO2C2H5)2
(C2H5)2C(CO2H)2
C10H7N(C2H5)2
C10H7N(C2H5)2
(CO2C2H5)2
C6H4(CO2C2H5)2
O2S(OC2H5)2
(C2H5)2S
332.49
224.25
197.28
273.37
210.27
346.38
298.33
235.90
235.90
235.90
312.00
258.35
258.35
129.24
129.24
221.34
205.34
174.24
174.24
174.24
130.23
130.23
130.23
142.24
142.24
246.30
202.25
278.34
262.30
262.30
128.94
126.97
162.02
277.10
277.10
277.10
277.10
277.10
277.10
277.10
277.10
147.00
147.00
147.00
127.01
223.10
98.96
197.06
197.06
192.00
141.04
163.00
240.11
84.08
105.14
202.25
73.14
165.23
149.23
229.30
118.13
216.27
188.22
188.22
86.13
160.17
160.17
199.29
199.29
146.14
222.24
154.18
90.19
cr.
rhb./al.
col. oil
pr./al.
cr.
pr./al.
lf./al.
col. lq.
col. lq.
pl./al.
mn. pr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
oil
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
pr.
cr.
lq.
lq.
nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
yel. nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. mn.
lq.
pr.
col. lq.
nd./al.
lf./al.
tri./al.
col. lq.
nd.
cr.
mn. pl.
pr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
rhb.
oil
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
syrup
col. lq.
col. lq.
pr./aq.
col. oil
col. oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
1.50
1.028
25/25
20/4
1.956
1.952 20/4
2.26118
1.897
0.965 20/4
0.950 25
0.768 20/20
0.74125/4
180
78
−26
70–1
34–5
42–3
45–6
1.8
−6.9
87–8
164–5
−38
−20
−70
0.924 20/4
0.91915
0.769 20/20
0.76215
0.756 21
0.82718/4
0.805 21/4
1.038 20/4
0.986 20/4
1.045 21
1.09815
1.03175/4
1.560 25/25
1.23415
1.305 20/4
1.288 20/4
1.458 21
1.442 0/4
1.256 20/20
1.300 76/4
1.669 22
1.094 25/4
1.383 60/25
1.4014
1.09720/4
1.00920/4
0.712 15/15
0.934 20/4
0.975 20/4
0.985 20/4
0.994 25/25
1.025 21
0.816 19/4
1.055 20/4
1.005
1.026
1.079 20/4
1.121 25/25
1.172 25/4
0.837 20/4
−98
−5.9
−29.6
22–2.5
73–4
9.7(−4)
50
208–9
187.5
251
203–4
202–3
268–70
282
210–11
−17.6
−24.8
53
−38.7
148
−35.3
67–8
107
54.6
45
83
207–8
28
−21
−38.9
78
−34.4
270 d.
−43
−24
−42
−49.8
125
−40.6
−25
−99.5
d.
219–2118
268–71250
>300
330.6
27412
23814
221–2
219755
218.6758
355–60
18314
278–80
159761
139–40
17010
262.8
207740
190
178–80
142.4
122.5
121
187.7
168.1
170–118
245.5
340
200–318
323–5
194.4
120
251
179
172766
174764
161–3
315–9
83.7
286–7 740
subl.
266
180–1
209–10
d.
270 748
239–41761
55.5759
276–80
216
126759
230
196.7
237
101.7
198.9
d. 170–80
285–90
318
186
298–9
210
92–3 754
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
∞
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
4.420
s.
v. s. h.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
1.6
v. sl. s. h.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
7125
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
∞
<0.05
i.
i.
i.
<0.06
v. sl. s.
i.
0.04 25
i.
v. sl. s.
∞
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
s.
v. s.
∞
s.
v. s.
i.
0.90
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.45 20
sl. s.
2.318
∞
0.4380
v. s.
s.
1.412
s.
i.
i.
i.
0.88 20
4.7 20
2.08 20
65 16
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
0.3120
v. sl. s.
∞
v. sl. s.
s.
v. s. h.
s.
v. s.
425
∞
1.318
∞
s.
∞
0.0118
v. sl. s.
s.
∞
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
2-36
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
tartrate (d-)
-toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Diethyleneglycol dinitrate
Difluorodichloromethane
Diglycerol
Dihydroxy-dinaphthyl (α-)
(-2,-2′,-1,-1′)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
-ethyl formal (β-)
-naphthalene (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
Dimethoxy-benzene (p-)
-diphenylamine (4-,4′-)
-ethyl adipate
Dimethyl adipate
-amine
-aminoasobenzene (p-)
-aminoethanol
-aminophenol (m-)
-aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
(p-)
carbonate
ether
-formamide
fumarate
glutarate
glyoxime
-naphthalene (1-,4-)
(2-,3-)
-naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
oxalate
phthalate (o-)
sulfate
sulfide
tartrate (d-)
-vinyl-ethenyl carbinol
Dinaphthyl (αα-)
-methane (αα′-)
(β,β′-)
Dinitro-anisole (1-)(2-,4-)
-benzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
sulfonic acid (2-,4-)(1-)
-benzoic acid (2-,4-)
(3-,5-)
-benzophenone (4-,4′-)
-diphenyl (4-,4′-)
(2-,4′-)
-naphthalene (1-,5-)
(1-,8-)
Dinitro-phenol (2-,3-)
(2-,4-)
(2-,6-)
-salicylic acid (3-,5-)
-stilbene (4-,4′-)
-toluene (2-,4-)
(3-,4-)
(3-,5-)
Dioxane
Dipentene
Formula
(CHOHCO2C2H5)2
CH3C6H4N(C2H5)2
CH3C6H4N(C2H5)2
CH3C6H4N(C2H5)2
O(CH2CH2ONO2)2
F2CCl2
[(HO)2C3H5]2O
(HOC10H6)2
(HOC10H6)2
(HOC6H4)2
CH2(OCH2CH2OH)2
C10H6(OH)2
C10H6(OH)2
(CH3O)2C6H4
HN(C6H4OCH3)2
(CH2)4(CO2C2H4OCH3)2
[(CH2)2CO2CH3]2
(CH3)2NH
C6H5N:NC6H4N(CH3)2
(CH3)2NCH2CH2OH
(CH3)2NC6H4OH
(CH3)2NC6H5
(CH3)2NC6H4SO3H
(CH3)2NC6H4SO3HH2O
OC(OCH3)2
CH3OCH3
HCON(CH3)2
(:CHCO2CH3)2
(CH2)3(CO2CH3)2
(CH3C:NOH)2
C10H6(CH3)2
C10H6(CH3)2
C10H7N(CH3)2
C10H7N(CH3)2
(CO2CH3)2
C6H4(CO2CH3)2
(CH3O)2SO2
(CH3)2S
(CHOHCO2CH3)2
(CH3)2COHC⯗CCH:CH2
C10H7C10H7
(C10H7)2CH2
(C10H7)2CH2
CH3OC6H3(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
C6H4(NO2)2
(NO2)2C6H3SO3H3H2O
(NO2)2C6H3CO2H
(NO2)2C6H3CO2H
(NO2C6H4)2CO
(NO2C6H4)2
(NO2C6H4)2
C10H6(NO2)2
C10H6(NO2)2
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H3OH
(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CO2HH2O
(NO2C6H4CH:)2
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
(NO2)2C6H3CH3
O < (CH2CH2)2 > O
C10H16
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
206.19
163.26
163.26
163.26
196.12
120.91
166.17
286.32
286.32
186.21
136.15
160.17
160.17
138.16
229.27
262.30
174.19
45.08
225.29
89.14
137.18
121.18
201.24
219.26
90.08
46.07
73.09
144.13
160.17
116.12
156.22
156.22
171.24
171.24
118.09
194.18
126.13
62.13
178.14
110.15
254.33
268.35
268.35
198.13
168.11
168.11
168.11
302.22
212.12
212.12
272.21
244.20
244.20
218.17
218.17
184.11
184.11
184.11
246.13
270.24
182.13
182.13
182.13
88.11
136.23
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
gas
lq.
pl./al.
nd./al.
rhb./al.
lq.
pr./aq.
nd.
lf.
cr.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
yel./al.
col. lq.
nd.
yel. lq.
cr.
pr.
col. lq.
gas
lq.
col. tri.
lq.
col. cr.
lq.
lf./al.
col. oil
col. cr.
col. mn.
col. lq.
col. oil
oil
cr.
lq.
lf./al.
pr./al.
nd./al.
col. mn.
col. mn.
col. rhb.
col. mn.
pr.
cr./aq.
mn. pr.
col. nd.
nd./al.
mn.
nd.
rhb.
yel. mn.
yel. rhb.
yel. rhb.
pl./aq.
yel. lf.
nd.
nd.
mn. pr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
1.204 20/4
17
0.924 15.5
1.377 25/4
1.486 −30
−11.3
−155
280
208–9755
231–2
228–9
1.25
1.154 25
1.053 55/55
1.075 15.6
1.063 20/4
0.680 0/4
0.887
20/4
0.956 20/4
1.070 20/4
0.94525
1.08915.6
1.016 20/4
20
1.042
1.03970/70
1.14854
1.18925/25
1.3520/4
0.84621/4
1.32820/4
0.887 20/4
1.341 20
1.5918
1.575 20/4
1.625 18
1.445
1.474
1.681 20
1.683 24
1.321 71
1.259 111
1.277 111
1.033 20/4
0.865 18
300
218
270–2
−5.3
258–60
140
56
103
10–1
−96
116–7
85
2.5
d. 266
257
0.5
−138.5
−58.3
102
−37
240–6
<−18
104
46
54
−26.8
−83.2
61.5
160
109
92
94–5
117–8
89.8
173–4
106–8
179–80
204–5
189
233
93.5
216
170–2
144–5
114–5
63–4
173 d.
210–6
70
60–1
92–3
9.5–10.5
−29.2
220–3010
subl.
subl.
264
d.
212.6
145–502
11518
7.4
d.
135756
265–8
193
89–90
−23.7
152.8
192
13050
264–6
265767
274.5711
304–5
163.3
280734
188.3
37.3
280
150
240–412
>360
319774
300–2
299777
subl.
subl.
d.
subl.
300
subl.
101.1
178
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
5.7 cc.26
s. h.
i.
i.
sl. s.
∞
sl. s.
sl. s. h.
v. sl. s.
i.
5
i.
v. s.
i.
∞
sl. s. h.
i.
s.
s. h.
i.
3700 cc.18
∞
i.
∞
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
0.0620
i.
i.
i.
i.
6
0.43
v. sl. s.
i.
s.
620
i.
i.
i.
sl. s. h.
0.01 c.
0.399
0.18100
s.
1.8525
s h.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
0.5 c.
s. h.
s. c.
i.
0.0322
i.
sl. s.
∞
i.
v. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
v. sl. s.
∞
s.
v. sl. s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
20015
∞
s.
s. h.
0.8 c.
s.
1.520
1.921
320
0.1821
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
20
1.5
v. s. h.
0.2 c.
v. s. h.
420
s. h.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
1.215
v. s.
v. s. h.
s.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
916
s. h.
s.
s.
s.
2-37
Diphenyl
-amine
carbonate
-chloroarsine
-ethane
ether
guanidine
-methane
phenylenediamine (p-)
succinate
sulfide
sulfone
urea (uns.)
Diphenylene oxide
Dipropyl adipate (n-)
-amine (n-)
(i-)
aniline (n-)
carbonate (n-)
ether (n-)
(i-)
ketone (n-)
(i-)
oxalate (n-)
(i-)
Disalicylal ethylenediamine
Ditolyl guanidine (o-)
Divinyl acetylene
Docosane (n-)
Dodecane (n-)
Dulcitol
Durene (1-,2-,4-,5-)
Elaidic acid
Eosine
Ephedrine (l-)
Epichlorhydrin (α-)
Epidichlorohydrin (α-)
Erythritol (dl-)
tetranitrate
Ethane
Ethanol-amine
formamide
Ether
Ethyl abietate
acetate
acetoacetate
alcohol
-amine
hydrochloride
aniline
sulfonic acid (m-)
anisate (p-)
anthranilate (o-)
benzene
benzoate
-benzyl-aniline
bromide
butyrate (n-)
(i-)
caprate (n-)
Ethyl caproate (n-)
caprylate (n-)
chloride
chloroacetate
chlorocarbonate
cinnamate (trans-)
cyanoacetate
formate
furoate (α)
heptoate
hypochlorite
iodide
lactate
C6H5C6H5
C6H5NHC6H5
CO(OC6H5)2
(C6H5)2AsCl
(C6H5CH2)2
C6H5OC6H5
(C6H5NH)2C:NH
(C6H5)2CH2
(C6H5NH)2C6H4
(CH2CO2C6H5)2
(C6H5)2S
(C6H5)2SO2
(C6H5)2NCONH2
< (C6H4)2O
(CH2CH2CO2C3H7)2
(C2H5CH2)2NH
[(CH3)2CH]2NH
C6H5N(C3H7)2
CO(OCH2C2H5)2
(C2H5CH2)2O
[(CH3)2CH]2O
(C2H5CH2)2CO
[(CH3)2CH]2CO
(CO2CH2C2H5)2
[CO2CH(CH3)2]2
[HOC6H4CH:NCH2]2
(C7H7NH)2C:NH
(H2C:CHC⯗)2
CH3(CH2)20CH3
CH3(CH2)10CH3
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
(CH3)4C6H2
C8H17CH:CH(CH2)7CO2H
C20H8O5Br4
C6H5CHOHCH(CH3)NHCH3
C2H3OCH2Cl
CH2:CClCH2Cl
CH2OH(CHOH)2CH2OH
C4H6(ONO2)4
CH3CH3
HOCH2CH2NH2
HCONHCH2CH2OH
(CH3CH2)2O
C19H29CO2C2H5
CH3CO2C2H5
CH3COCH2CO2C2H5
CH3CH2OH
C2H5NH2
C2H5NH2HCl
C6H5NHC2H5
C2H5NHC6H4SO3H
CH3OC6H4CO2C2H5
NH2C6H4CO2C2H5
C6H5C2H5
C6H5CO2C2H5
C6H5N(C2H5)CH2C6H5
C2H5Br
C2H5CH2CO2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)8CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)4CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)6CO2C2H5
CH3CH2Cl
ClCH2CO2C2H5
ClCO2CH2CH3
C6H5CH:CHCO2C2H5
CH2(CN)CO2C2H5
HCO2CH2CH3
OC4H3CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)5CO2C2H5
ClOCH2CH3
CH3CH2I
CH3CH(OH)CO2C2H5
154.21
169.22
214.22
264.58
182.26
170.21
211.26
168.23
260.33
270.28
186.27
218.27
212.25
168.19
230.30
101.19
101.19
177.29
146.18
102.17
102.17
114.19
114.19
174.19
174.19
268.31
239.32
78.11
310.60
170.33
182.17
134.22
282.46
647.89
165.23
92.52
110.97
122.12
302.11
30.07
61.08
89.09
74.12
330.50
88.11
130.14
46.07
45.08
81.54
121.18
201.24
180.20
165.19
106.17
150.17
211.30
108.97
116.16
116.16
200.32
144.21
172.26
64.51
122.55
108.52
176.21
113.11
74.08
140.14
158.24
80.51
155.97
118.13
col. mn.
col. mn.
nd./al.
rhb.
col. pr.
col. rhb.
mn./al.
col. pr.
cr.
lf./al.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
rhb.
lf./al.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
yel. oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
cr.
lq.
cr.
lq.
mn.
mn.
lf./al.
col. cr.
cr./et.
lq.
col. lq.
tet. pr.
lf./al.
col. gas
col. oil
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
mn.
lq.
nd./aq.
lq.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
yel. oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lf.
col. lq.
yel. lq.
col. lq.
oil
0.992 73/4
1.160 20/20
1.272 14
1.583 40
0.978 50/50
1.073 20
1.001 26/4
1.119 15/15
1.248 25/4
1.276
0.979 20/4
0.739 20/4
0.722 22
0.910 20
0.968 22
0.744 21/0
0.725 21/0
0.822 20/4
0.806 20/4
1.038 0/0
1.34
1.1020/4
0.776 20/4
0.778 44/4
0.751 20/4
1.466 15
0.838 81/4
0.851 79/4
1.183 25/25
1.204 25
1.451 20/4
0.546 −88
1.022 20
1.169 25
0.708 25/4
1.020 20/20
0.901 20/4
1.025 20/4
0.789 20/4
0.689 15/15
1.216
0.963 20/4
1.103 25/25
1.117 20/4
0.867 20/4
1.052 15/15
1.034 18.5
1.431 20/4
0.879 20/4
0.871 20/4
0.859 28
0.873 20/20
0.878 17
0.917 6/6
1.159 20/4
1.138 20/4
1.049 20/4
1.062 20/4
0.923 20/4
1.117 21/4
0.872 20/20
1.013 −6/4
1.933 20/4
1.030 25/4
69–70
52.9
80
43–4
52–3
27
147–8
26–7
152
122–3
<−40
128–9
189
86–7
−20.3
−39.6
−61
−122
−60
−32.6
−51.7
254.9
302
302–6
d. 327
284
259
d. > 170
265
330
296–7
379
287–8
143–510
110–1
83.5743
245.4
168.2
91
69
144.2
123.7
213.5
190
125–6
178–9
44.5
−9.6
189
79–80
51–2
40
−25.6
126
61
−172
10.5
<−40
−116.3
−82.4
−45
−112
−80.6
108–9
−63.5
d. 294
7–8
13
−94.4
−34.6
−117.8
−93.3
−88.2
−20
−67.5
−45
−139
−26
−80.6
12
−22.5
−79
34
−66.1
expl.
−105
85
224.515
214.5
290–53
193–5
288100
255
117756
94
329–31
expl.
−88.6
171757
d.
34.6
2004
77.1
180755
78.4
16.6
204
269–70
266–8
136.2
211–2
28510
38.4
120–1
110–1
244.6758
165–6736
207–8753
13
144
94–5
271
208753
54760
195766
187–8
36752
72.4
155
i.
0.0325
i.
0.2 d.
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s. h.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
s.
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
0.2
0.43
v. sl. s.
d. h.
0.0328
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
3.215
i.
i.
i.
5
<5
i.
60
i. c.
4.7 cc.20
∞
∞
7.520
i.
8.515
1317
∞
∞
24017
i.
2.1515
i.
v. sl. s.
0.0115
0.0820
i.
1.060
0.6825
sl. s.
0.00220
i.
i.
0.450
i.
d.
i.
225
1118
i.
0.02920
0.420
∞
1020
5619.5
v. s.
20
s.
s.
920
v. s.
6.620
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
sl. s.
v. s.
s.
∞
s. h.
s. h.
s.
s. h.
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s. h.
s.
4 h.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
500
∞
∞
sl. s. c.
s.
150 cc.
∞
v. s.
v. s.
i.
s.
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
i.
s.
1
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
18
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
i.
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
2-38
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
laurate
mercaptan
methacrylate
naphthylamine (α-)
naphthyl ether (α-)
nitrate
nitrite
oleate
palmitate
pelargonate
propionate
salicylate (o-)
stearate
toluate (o-)
(m-)
toluene sulfonate (p-)
toluidine (o-)
(p-)
urea
valerate (n-)
(i-)
Ethylal
Ethylene
bromide
bromohydrin
chlorobromide
chlorohydrin
diamine
oxide
Ethylidene diacetate
Eugenol (1-,4-,3-)
(i-)(1-,3-,4-)
Fenchyl alcohol (dl-)
(d-)(α-)
(i-)(l-)
Ferric dimethyl-dithiocarbamate
Fluorene
Fluorescein
Fluoro-dichloromethane
-trichloromethane
Formaldehyde
(m-)
(p-)
Formamide
Formanilide
Formic acid
Fructose
Fuchsin
Fulminic acid
Fumaric acid (trans-)
Furfural
Furfuran
Furfuryl acetate
alcohol
butyrate
propionate
Furoic acid
G-acid, K salt (2-)(6-,8-)
Na salt (2-)(6-,8-)
Galactose (d-)(α-)
Gallic acid (3-,4-,5-)
Gamma acid (2-,8-,6-)
Geraniol
Glucose (d-)(α-)
(d-)(β-)
Glucuronic acid
Glutam(in)ic acid (dl-)
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
CH3(CH2)10CO2C2H5
CH3CH2SH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2C2H5
C10H7NHC2H5
C10H7OC2H5
C2H5ONO2
C2H5ONO
C17H33CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)14CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)7CO2C2H5
CH3CH2CO2C2H5
HOC6H4CO2C2H5
CH3(CH2)16CO2C2H5
CH3C6H4CO2C2H5
CH3C6H4CO2C2H5
CH3C6H4SO3C2H5
CH3C6H4NHC2H5
CH3C6H4NHC2H5
C2H5NHCONH2
CH3(CH2)3CO2C2H5
(CH3)2CH(CH2)CO2C2H5
CH2(OC2H5)2
H2C:CH2
BrCH2CH2Br
BrCH2CH2OH
ClCH2CH2Br
ClCH2CH2OH
H2NCH2CH2NH2
< (CH2)2 > O
CH3CH(O2CCH3)2
C3H5C6H3(OH)OCH3
C3H5C6H3(OCH3)OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
C10H17OH
Fe[SSCN(CH3)2]3
(C6H4)2 > CH2
C20H12O5
FCHCl2
Cl3CF
HCHO
(CH2O)3
(CH2O)xxH2O
HCONH2
HCONHC6H5
HCO2H
CH2OH(CHOH)3COCH2OH
C20H19N3HCl
C:NOH
HO2CCH:CHCO2H
C4H3OCHO
C4H4O
CH3CO2CH2C4H3O
C4H3OCH2OH
C3H7CO2CH2C4H3O
C2H5CO2CH2C4H3O
C4H3OCO2H
HOC10H5(SO3K)2
HOC10H5(SO3Na)2
C5H11O5CHO
(HO)3C6H2CO2HH2O
C10H5(NH2)(OH)SO3H
C9H15CH2OH
C5H11O5CHO
C6H12O6H2O
CHO(CHOH)4CO2H
[CHNH2(CH2)2](CO2H)2
228.37
62.13
114.14
171.24
172.22
91.07
75.07
310.51
284.48
186.29
102.13
166.17
312.53
164.20
164.20
200.25
135.21
135.21
88.11
130.18
130.18
104.15
28.05
187.86
124.96
143.41
80.51
60.10
44.05
146.14
164.20
164.20
154.25
154.25
154.25
416.49
166.22
332.31
102.92
137.37
30.03
90.08
(30.03)
45.04
121.14
46.03
180.16
337.85
43.02
116.07
96.08
68.07
140.14
98.10
168.19
154.16
112.08
380.48
348.26
180.16
188.13
239.25
154.25
180.16
198.17
194.14
147.13
oil
lq.
col. lq.
oil
cr.
col. lq.
lq.
oil
col. nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. cr.
lq.
lq.
pr./al.
lq.
lq.
nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
oil
oil
col. cr.
col. pr.
col. cr.
cr.
cr./al.
yel. red
gas
col. lq.
gas
wh.
amor.
lq.
mn.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
red
0.868 13/4
0.839 20/4
0.913 15.6
1.060 20/4
1.061 20/20
1.100 25/4
0.900 15.5
0.867 25
0.858 25/4
0.866 17.5
0.891 20/4
1.136 15/4
0.848 36.3
1.032 25/25
1.030 20/20
1.166 48/4
0.948 25/4
0.942 25/4
1.213 18
0.877 20
0.867 20/4
0.824 25/4
0.57−102/4
2.180 20/4
1.772 20/4
1.689 19
1.213 20/4
0.900 20/20
0.887 7/4
1.061 12
1.070 15/15
1.091 15/15
0.935 40
0.964 20/4
0.961
−10.7
−121
269
36–7
118
303723
276.4
87–8
17
216–815
19110
227–8757
99.1
233–4
20110
227
231750
221.3
215–6
217
col. pr.
lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
mn. pr.
cr.
cr.
pr.
mn./aq.
cr.
col. lq.
rhb.
cr.
cr.
cr./aq.
1.203 0/4
1.4260
1.494 17.2
0.815 −20
1.1765
1.139 20/4
1.147 15/15
1.220 20/4
1.669 17.5
1.22
1.635 20/4
1.159 20/4
0.937 20/4
1.118 20/4
1.129 25/4
1.053 20/4
1.109 20/4
5.5
−102
<−15
24–5
−44.5
−72.6
1.3
33.4(31)
<−10
33–4
<−15
92
−91.2
−99.3
−66.5
−169
10
−16.6
−69
8.5
−111.3
18.85
10.3
−10
35
45–7
61–2
d. 100–30
115–6
d. > 290
−127
−92
64
150–60
2
47
8.6
95–105
d. >200
286–7
−38.7
133–4
1.694 4/4
0.883 15
1.544 25
1.562 18/4
1.460
145.5
135
89
−103.9
131.5
150.3
106.7
128.8
117.2
13.5747
168740
253.5
267.5
201
201–2
201–2
ign. >150
293–5
14.5
24.9
−21
114.5759
subl.
193
216120
100.8
290
161.7760
31–2756
175–7
169.5752
212–3
195–6
230–2
165.5
d. 220
<−15
146
150
154
199 d.
230
d.
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
i.
1.5
i.
i.
i.
1.355
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
2.420
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. s.
0.2425
0.1720
918
26 cc.0
0.4380
sl. s.
0.6980
∞
∞
∞
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s. h.
i.
i.
v. s.
2125
20–3018
∞
sl. s.
∞
v. s.
0.3
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
80
∞
∞
∞
360 cc.
∞
s.
i.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
0.3
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
0.717
9.113
i.
i.
∞
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
3.615
825
3420
10.30
113
5.830
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
0.725
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
s.
0.640
2815
2.515
i.
8217.5
15415
v. s.
1.5 20
∞
sl. s.
∞
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s. h.
s. h.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
i.
∞
v. s.
∞
818
s.
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
s.
i.
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
acetate (mono-)
(di-)
nitrate (mono-) (α-)
(β-)
dinitrate (1-,3-)
Glyceryl triacetate
tribenzoate
tributyrate
tricaprate
tricaproate
tricaprylate
trilaurate
trimyristate
trinitrate
trinitrite
trioleate
tripalmitate
tristearate
Glycide
Glycine, Glycocoll
Glycol
diacetate
dibenzoate
dibutyrate
dicaprylate
diformate
dilaurate
dinitrate
dinitrite
dipalmitate
dipropionate
ether
formal
formate (mono-)
Glycolic acid
Guaiacol (o-)
Guanidine
H-acid, Na salt (1-,8-,3-,6-)
Heptacosane (n-)
Heptane (n-)
(i-)
Heptoic acid
aldehyde
Heptyl acetate (n-)
alcohol (n-)
mercaptan
Hexachloro-benzene
-ethane
Hexacosane (n-)
Hexadecane (n-)
Hexaethylbenzene
Hexamethylbenzene
Hexamethylene-diamine
-diisocyanate
-glycol
tetramine
Hexane (n-)
(i-)
(neo-)
2-39
CH2(CH2CO2H)2
CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
C5H10O4
(CH3CO2)2C3H5OH
CH2OHCHOHCH2NO3
CH2OHCHNO3CH2OH
CHOH(CH2ONO2)2
(CH3CO2)3C3H5
(C6H5CO2)3C3H5
(C2H5CH2CO2)3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)8CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)4CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)6CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)10CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)12CO2]3C3H5
CH2NO3CHNO3CH2NO3
CH2NO2CHNO2CH2NO2
(C17H33CO2)3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)14CO2]3C3H5
[CH3(CH2)16CO2]3C3H5
C2H3OCH2OH
NH2CH2CO2H
CH2OHCH2OH
(CH3CO2CH2)2
(C6H5CO2CH2)2
(C3H7CO2CH2)2
(C7H15CO2CH2)2
(HCO2CH2)2
(C11H23CO2CH2)2
(O2NOCH2)2
(ONOCH2)2
(C15H31CO2CH2)2
(C2H5CO2CH2)2
(HOCH2CH2)2O
< OCH2CH2OCH2 >
HCO2CH2CH2OH
HOCH2CO2H
CH3OC6H4OH
NH:C(NH2)2
C10H8O7NS2Na1aH2O
CH3(CH2)25CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)3CH3
C3H7CH(CH3)C2H5
(CH3)3CCH2C2H5
[(CH3)2CH]2CH2
(CH3)2C(C2H5)2
(C2H5)3CH
(CH3)3CCH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)5CO2H
CH3(CH2)5CHO
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH2OH
[(CH3)2CH]2CHOH
(C2H5CH2)2CHOH
CH3CH(SH)C5H11
C6Cl6
CCl3CCl3
CH3(CH2)24CH3
CH3(CH2)14CH3
C6(C2H5)6
C6(CH3)6
NH2(CH2)6NH2
OCN(CH2)6NCO
HO(CH2)6OH
(CH2)6N4
CH3(CH2)4CH3
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CH3
(CH3)3CC2H5
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2
(C2H5)2CHCH3
132.11
92.09
134.13
176.17
137.09
137.09
182.09
218.20
404.41
302.36
554.84
386.52
470.68
639.00
723.16
227.09
179.09
885.43
807.32
891.48
74.08
75.07
62.07
146.14
270.28
202.25
314.46
118.09
426.67
152.06
120.06
538.89
174.19
106.12
74.08
90.08
76.05
124.14
59.07
368.32
380.73
100.20
100.20
100.20
100.20
100.20
100.20
100.20
100.20
130.18
114.19
158.24
116.20
116.20
116.20
132.27
284.78
236.74
366.71
226.44
246.43
162.27
116.20
168.19
118.17
140.19
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
col. cr.
col. lq.
col. oil
col. lq.
col. pr.
lf.
oil
col. lq.
nd.
col. lq.
col. cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. nd.
lf.
yel. oil
yel. lq.
col. oil
col. nd.
col. pr.
col. lq.
mn.
col. lq.
col. lq.
rhb./et.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
amor.
yel. lq.
lq.
nd.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
nd./aq.
pr.
col. cr.
cr.
col. cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
mn.
rhb.
cr.
lf.
pr./al.
pl./al.
lf.
lq.
nd./aq.
col. rhb.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
1.429 15
1.260 50/4
1.20 20/4
1.178 15/15
1.4015
1.4015
1.4715
1.16117/4
1.228 12
1.032 20/4
0.921 40/4
0.987 20/4
0.954 20/4
0.894 60/4
0.885 60/6
1.601 15
1.291 10/16
0.915 15
0.866 80/4
0.862 80/4
1.114 16/16
1.161
1.113 19/4
1.109 14/4
1.024 0
97.5
17.9
40
58–9
54
<−30
−78
75–6
<−75
31(25)
−25
8.3(−21)
45–6
56.5
13.3(2)
−4
65.1
70.8(55)
20020
290
158165
175–640
155–60
155–60
146–815
258–9
d.
305–9
16015
150 sl. d.
24018
310–200.1
166 sl. d.
232–6 d.
−15.6
−31
73–4
197.4
190.5
>360
240
22
1.482 21/2
1.216 0
1.045 25
1.118 20/20
1.060 20/4
1.199 15/4
1.140 15/15
0.780 60/4
0.684 20/4
0.679 20/4
0.687 20/4
0.674 20/4
0.675 20/4
0.693 20/4
0.698 20/4
0.690 20/4
0.918 20
0.850 20/ᐉ
0.874 16/16
0.824 20/4
0.829 20/4
0.820 20/4
0.835 20
2.044 24
2.091 20/4
0.779 57/4
0.774 20/4
0.831 130/4
1.0428
20/4
0.659
0.654 20/4
0.649 20/20
0.662 20/4
0.664 20/4
52–4
−20
<−15
71–2
−10.5
79(63)
28.3
50
59.5
−90.6
−118.2
−119.4
−125
−119.4
−135.0
−118.7
−25
−10
−42
−34
−37
228–31
186–7
56.6
18.5
130
166
42
42
subl.
−94
−153.7
−98.2
−129.8
−118
174
18820
expl. 114
96–8
2600.1
211–2
244.8
75–6
180
d.
205
27015
98.4760
90.0
91.8
79.1
80.8
86.0
93.5
80.8
221–2
155
191.5 759
175 756
140
156
174–5 765
309742
186777
26215
287.5
298.3
265
204–5
143–420
250
69
60.2
49.7
58.0760
63.2
63.920
∞
v. s.
s.
7015
7.1715
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.1820
d.
i.
i.
i.
∞
23 c.
∞
14.322
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
0.9225
i.
i.
sl. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
1.715
v. s.
0.1720
i.
0.00515
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.2515
0.0220
i.
0.18 25
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
0.00522
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. s.
d.
s.
8112
0.01415
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. s.
∞
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
s. h.
s.
s. h.
s.
s.
sl. s. c.
s.
5020
d.
sl. s.
0.00421
s. h.
∞
0.1 c.
∞
∞
v. s.
i.
sl. s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s. h.
∞
i.
1.0
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s. d.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
i.
9025
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
s.
v. sl. s. h.
v. s.
v. sl. s.
∞
0.7525
0.20
s.
d.
s.
3
5033
s. h.
v. s.
∞
825
v. s.
sl. s. h.
v. sl. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
2-40
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Hexyl acetate (n-)
alcohol (n-)
formate (n-)
resorcinol (2-,4-)
Hippuric acid
Histidine (l-)
Homophthalic acid (o-)
Hydracrylic acid
Hydro-cyanic acid
-quinone (p-)
Hydroxy-benzaldehyde (p-)
-benzanilide (o-)
-quinoline (2-)(α-)
(8-)(o-)
Indigo
White
Indole
Indoxyl
Iodo-benzene
-phenol (p-)
Iodoform
Ionone (α-)
(β-)
Irone (β-)
Isatin
Isoprene
Ketene
Koch acid (1-)(3-,6-,8-)
Lactic acid (dl-)
anhydride
Lactide (dl-)
Lactose
Lauric acid
Laurone
Lauryl alcohol
Lead tetraethyl
tetramethyl
Lepidine (py-4)
Leucine (l-)
Levulinic acid
Limonene (d- or l-)
Linalool (d- or l-)
Linalyl acetate
Linoleic acid
Maleic acid
anhydride
Malic acid (dl-)
(d- or l-)
Malonic acid
Maltose
Mandelic acid (dl-)
Mannitol (d-)
Mannose (d-)
Margaric acid
Mellitic acid
Menthol (l-)(α-)
Mercapto-benzothiazole (2-)
-thiazoline (2-)
Mercuric cyanide
fulminate
Mesityl oxide
Mesitylene (1-,3-,5-)
Metanilic acid (m-)
Methane
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
CH3CO2(CH2)5CH3
CH3(CH2)4CH2OH
(CH3)2CHC(CH3)2OH
(CH3)2COHCH2C2H5
HCO2CH2(CH2)4CH3
CH3(CH2)5C6H3(OH)2
C6H5CONHCH2CO2H
C6H9O2N3
HO2CC6H4CH2CO2H
HOCH2CH2CO2H
HCN
C6H4(OH)2
HOC6H4CHO
HOC6H4CONHC6H5
C9H6NOH
C9H6NOH
[C6H4(CO)(NH)C:]2
C16H12O2N2
C8H7N
C8H6NOH
C6H5I
IC6H4OH
HCI3
C10H16:CHCOCH3
C10H16:CHCOCH3
C14H22O
C6H4 < (CO)(N) > COH
CH2:CHC(CH3):CH2
H2C:CO
C10H4(NH2)S3O9HNa2
CH3CH(OH)CO2H
C6H10O5
C6H8O4
C12H22O11H2O
CH3(CH2)10CO2H
[CH3(CH2)10]2CO
CH3(CH2)10CH2OH
Pb(CH2CH3)4
Pb(CH3)4
C9H6NCH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)CO2H
CH3CO(CH2)2CO2H
C10H16
C10H17OH
CH3CO2C10H17
C17H31CO2H
HO2CCH:CHCO2H
< (CHCO)2 > O
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
H2C(CO2H)2
C12H22O11H2O
C6H5CH(OH)CO2H
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
CH3(CH2)15CO2H
C6(CO2H)6
C10H19OH
< C6H4N:C(SH)S >
< CH2N:C(SH)SCH2 >
Hg(CN)2
Hg(ONC)2aH2O
(CH3)2C:CHCOCH3
C6H3(CH3)3
H2NC6H4SO3H
CH4
144.21
102.17
102.17
102.17
130.18
194.27
179.17
155.15
180.16
90.08
27.03
110.11
122.12
213.23
145.16
145.16
262.26
264.28
117.15
133.15
204.01
220.01
393.73
192.30
192.30
206.32
147.13
68.12
42.04
427.34
90.08
162.14
144.13
360.31
200.32
338.61
186.33
323.44
267.34
143.19
131.17
116.12
136.23
154.25
196.29
280.45
116.07
98.06
134.09
134.09
104.06
360.31
152.15
182.17
180.16
270.45
342.17
156.27
167.25
119.21
252.62
293.63
98.14
120.19
173.19
16.04
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. nd.
rhb.
lf./aq.
cr./aq.
syrup
lq.
cr.
nd./aq.
pr./al.
pr./al.
pr.
cr.
gray
lf./aq.
yel. pr.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
yel. hex.
col. oil
col. oil
col. oil
yel. red
col. lq.
col. gas
cr.
hyg.
yel. oil
tri./al.
col. rhb.
col. nd.
pl.
lf.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
cr.
lf.
lq.
col. oil
col. lq.
yel. oil
mn.
cr.
col. cr.
col. cr.
col. tri.
col. nd.
rhb./aq.
col. rhb.
rhb.
col. pl.
nd./al.
col. cr.
nd.
cr.
cr.
cr./aq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. nd.
gas
0.890 0/0
0.820 20/20
0.821 20/0
0.809 20/4
0.898 0
1.371 20/4
0.697 18
1.332 15
1.129 130
1.35
Melting
point, °C
−51.6
−14
−107
68–70
187–8
d. 287
175–80
−12
170.3
116–7
135
199–200
75–6
390–2
25/4
52
85
−28.5
93–4
119
0.681 20/4
200–1
−120
−151
1.249 15/4
16.8
0.862 10/4
1.525 20
0.869 50/4
0.809 69/4
0.831 24/4
1.659 18/4
1.995 20/4
1.086 20
1.29318
1.140 20/20
0.842 20/4
0.868 20
0.895 20
0.903 18/4
1.609
1.5
1.601 20/4
1.595 20/4
1.631 15
1.540 17
1.300 20/4
1.489 20/4
1.539 20/4
0.853 60
124.5
202
48(44)
69–70
24
−136
−27.5
9–10
295
33.5
−96.9
1.824
1.857 112
4.008 17
0.930 20
0.944 20
0.939 20
15/15
0.890
1.4220/4
1.50
4.003 22
4.4
0.858 20/4
0.865 20/4
0.415 −164
−9.5
130.5
57–60
128–9
99–100
130–5 d.
d.
118.1
166
132
60–1
286–8
42–3
179
106
d. 320
expl.
−59
−45(−52)
d.
−182.6
Boiling
point, °C
169.2
157.2
120–1
123762
153.6
1797
d.
d.
25–6
285730
subl.
d.
subl.
266.6752
subl.
253–4
110
188.6
d.
subl.
136.117
14018
14416
subl.
34
−56
12214
d. 250
255757
d.
225100
255–9
152291
110760
261–3
subl.
245–6
177
198–200
220762 d.
229–3016
135 d.
202
150 d.
140 d.
d.
290–53
227100
d.
212
d.
130750
164.8
−161.4
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
i.
0.620
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s. h.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
0.2518
i.
sl. s.
∞
v. s.
∞
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
i.
s.
s. h.
s.
s.
v. s.
1.517
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s. h.
∞
d.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
i.
s.
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
13.625
∞
∞
v. s.
sl. s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
v. sl. s. c.
i.
s.
i. c.
s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
∞
∞
7030
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
825
v. s.
v. s.
4225
v. sl. s. c.
s.
0.0114
v. sl. s.
3228
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
8.415
815
i.
s.
i.
i.
v. s.
0.05
0.420
s.
s. h.
∞
615
1.3831
v. sl. s. h.
s. h.
v. sl. s. c.
i.
i.
s. h.
s.
0.03420
sl. s.
0.0125
sl. s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s. h.
i.
d.
7.220
∞
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
1710
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
2.218
v. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
7925
16.380
14426
v. s.
13816
10825
1620
1314
24817
i.
v. s.
0.04 c.
i.
1.660
12.515
0.0712
320
i.
215
0.420 cc.
s.
∞
s.
v. sl. s.
4720 cc.
i.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
10410 cc.
2-41
Methoxy-methoxyethanol
Methyl acetate
acrylic acid (α-)
alcohol
-amine
-amine hydrochloride
aniline
anthracene (α-)
(β-)
anthranilate (o-)
anthraquinone (2-)
benzoate
benzylaniline
bromide
butyrate (n-)
(i-)
caprate
caproate (n-)
caprylate
cellosolve
chloride
chloroacetate
chloroformate
cinnamate
cyclohexane
ethyl carbonate
ethyl ketone
ethyl oxalate
formate
furoate
glucamine
glycolate
heptoate
hypochlorite
iodide
lactate
laurate
mercaptan
methacrylate
myristate
naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
nitrate
nitrite
nonyl ketone (n-)
oleate
orange
palmitate
phosphine
propionate
propyl ketone (n-)
salicylate (o-)
stearate
toluate (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Methyl toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
valerate (n-)
(i-)
vinyl ketone
Methylal
Methylene-bis-(phenyl-4-isocyanate)
bromide
chloride
dianiline
iodide
Michler’s hydrol (p-,p′-)
ketone
Morphine
Mucic acid
CH3(OCH2)2CH2OH
CH3CO2CH3
CH2:C(CH3)CO2H
CH3OH
CH3NH2
CH3NH2HCl
C6H5NHCH3
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3
C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3
NH2C6H4CO2CH3
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H3CH3
C6H5CO2CH3
C6H5N(CH3)CH2C6H5
CH3Br
CH3(CH2)2CO2CH3
(CH3)2CHCO2CH3
CH3(CH2)8CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)4CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)6CO2CH3
CH3OCH2CH2OH
CH3Cl
ClCH2CO2CH3
ClCO2CH3
C6H5CH:CHCO2CH3
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCH3
CH3OCOOC2H5
CH3.COC2H5
CH3OCOCO2C2H5
HCO2CH3
C4H3OCO2CH3
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2NHCH3
HOCH2CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)5CO2CH3
ClOCH3
CH3I
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)10CO2CH3
CH3SH
CH2:C(CH3)CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)12CO2CH3
C10H7CH3
C10H7CH3
CH3ONO2
CH3ONO
CH3(CH2)8COCH3
C17H33CO2CH3
(CH3)2NC6H4N2C6H4SO3Na
CH3(CH2)14CO2CH3
CH3PH2
CH3CH2CO2CH3
CH3COCH2CH2CH3
HOC6H4CO2CH3
CH3(CH2)16CO2CH3
CH3C6H4CO2CH3
CH3C6H4CO2CH3
CH3C6H4CO2CH3
CH3C6H4NHCH3
CH3C6H4NHCH3
CH3C6H4NHCH3
CH3(CH2)3CO2CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2CH3
CH3COCH:CH2
HCH(OCH3)2
(OCNC6H4)2CH2
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
(C6H5NH)2CH2
CH2I2
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2CHOH
[(CH3)2NC6H4]2CO
C17H19O3NH2O
(CHOHCHOHCO2H)2
106.12
74.08
86.09
32.04
31.06
67.52
107.15
192.26
192.26
151.16
222.24
136.15
197.28
94.94
102.13
102.13
186.29
130.18
158.24
76.09
50.49
108.52
94.50
162.19
98.19
104.10
72.11
132.11
60.05
126.11
195.21
90.08
144.21
66.49
141.94
104.10
214.34
48.11
100.12
242.40
142.20
142.20
77.04
61.04
170.29
296.49
327.33
270.45
48.02
88.11
86.13
152.15
298.50
150.17
150.17
150.17
121.18
121.18
121.18
116.16
116.16
70.09
76.09
250.25
173.83
84.93
198.26
267.84
270.37
268.35
303.35
210.14
lq.
col. lq.
pr.
col. lq.
col. gas
pl./al.
lq.
lf./al.
col. lf.
col. lq.
col. nd.
col. lq.
lq.
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
gas
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
gas
lq.
cr./al.
oil
mn.
lq.
gas
col. oil
oil
red pd.
col. cr.
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
lq.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
gn.
lf./al.
pr./al.
pd.
1.038 25
0.924 20/4
1.015 20/4
0.792 20/4
0.699 −11
1.23
0.989 20/4
1.047 99.4
1.181 0/4
1.168 19/4
1.087 25/25
1.732 0/0
0.898 20/4
0.891 20/4
0.904 0/0
0.887 18
0.965 20/4
0.952 0
1.236 20/4
1.236 15
1.042 36/0
0.769 20/4
1.002 27
0.805 20/4
1.156 0/0
0.974 20/4
1.179 21/4
<−70
−98.7
15–16
−97–8
−92.5
226–8
−57
86
207
24
176–7
−12.5
9.2
−93
<−95
−84.7
−18
−40
−97.7
−32.7
33.4
−126.3
−14.5
−85.9
−99.8
18
1.168
0.881 15/4
20/4
2.279
1.090 19
0.896 0
0.950 15.6
1.025 14/4
0.994 40/4
1.203 25
0.991 15
0.828 20/20
0.879 18
−64.4
5
−121
−48
18–9
−19
35–6
expl.
13.5
30–1
20/4
0.915
0.812 15/15
1.182 25/25
1.073 15
1.066 15
0.973 15
0.935 55/4
0.895 15/4
0.881 20/4
0.836 20/4
0.866 15/4
1.222 30
2.495 20/4
1.336 20/4
3.325 20/4
1.317
−87.5
−77.8
−8.3
38–9
<−50
33–4
−91
−104.8
−52.8
−96.7
65
5.7
96–7
174
254 d.
206–14
167.5
57.1
161–3
64.7
−6.7 758
23015
195.5
135.5 15
subl.
198–9
305–6
4.5 758
102.3
92.6
223–4
149.5
192–4
124–5
−24
130740
71–2
263
101
109.2
79.6
173.7
32
181.3
151.2
172–3
12726
42.4
144.8
14818
5.8752
100.3
295715
244.6
241–2
65
−12
228
190–110
19615
−14759
79.7
102
222.2
21515
213
215
217
206–7
206–7
211761
127.3
116.7764
81
42–3
210–213
98.5756
40–1
208–9 d.
180 d.
>360 d.
∞
3322
s. h.
∞
v. s.
v. s.
0.0125
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
0.0230
i.
v. sl. s.
1.7
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
∞
28016 cc.
v. sl. s.
d.
i.
i.
i.
3510
i.
3020
i.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
23 h.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
d.
∞
∞
s.
∞
s. h.
sl. s.
sl. s.
i.
∞
i.
∞
∞
i.
1.815
∞
i.
s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
sl. s.
i.
i.
0.2 c.
i.
i.
0.520
v. sl. s.
0.0730
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
>85
33
d.
1.170
220
i.
1.420
i.
i.
0.0220
0.3314
s.
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
v. sl. s.
s.
i.
2-42
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Mustard gas
Myricyl alcohol
Myristic acid
Myristyl alcohol
Naphthalene
disulfonic acid (1-,5-)
(1-,6-)
sulfonic acid (α-)
(β-)
Naphthasultam (1-,8-)
disulfonate Na (1-,8-)
(2-,4-)
Naphthoic acid (α-)
(β-)
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
sulfonic acid (α-)(1-,2-)
(β-)(2-,6-)
Naphthyl acetate (α-)
(β-)
amine (α-)
(β-)
amine hydrochloride (α-)
(β-)
amine sulfonic acid (1-,4-)
(1-,5-)
(1-,7-)
(1-,8-)
(2-,5-)
(2-,6-)
(2-,7-)
isocyanate (α-)
Nicotine
Nicotinic acid (3-)
(i-)(4-)
Nitro-acetanilide (p-)
-acetophenone (m-)
-aminoanisole (4-,1-,2-)
(5-,1-,2-)
(3-,1-,4-)
-aminophenol (4-,2-,1-)
-aniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-anisole (o-)
(p-)
-anthraquinone (α-)
-anthraquinone sulfonic acid (1-,5-)
-benzal chloride (m-)
-benzaldehyde (m-)
Nitro-benzene
-benzidine (2-)
-benzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-benzyl alcohol (m-)
-benzyl bromide (p-)
-chlorotoluene (1-,2-,6-)
-cresol (1-,3-,4-)
-cymene (1-,2-,4-)
-dimethylaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-diphenyl (o-)
(p-)
-diphenylamine (o-)
-guanidine
Formula
(ClCH2CH2)2S
C31H63OH(?)
CH3(CH2)12CO2H
CH3(CH2)12CH2OH
C10H8
C10H6(SO3H)2
C10H6(SO3H)2
C10H7SO3H2H2O
C10H7SO3HH2O
C10H7O2NS
C10H5O8NS3Na22H2O
C10H4O8NS3Na38aH2O
C10H7CO2H
C10H7CO2H
C10H7OH
C10H7OH
HOC10H6SO3H
HOC10H6SO3H
CH3CO2C10H7
CH3CO2C10H7
C10H7NH2
C10H7NH2
C10H7NH2HCl
C10H7NH2HCl
NH2C10H6SO3H
NH2C10H6SO3HH2O
NH2C10H6SO3HH2O
NH2C10H6SO3HH2O
NH2C10H6SO3H
NH2C10H6.SO3HH2O
NH2C10H6SO3HH2O
C10H7N:CO
C10H14N2
C5H4NCO2H
C5H4NCO2H
CH3CONHC6H4NO2
CH3COC6H4NO2
NO2C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2C6H3(OCH3)NH2
NO2C6H3(NH2)OH
NO2C6H4NH2
NO2C6H4NH2
NO2C6H4NH2
CH3OC6H4NO2
CH3OC6H4NO2
C6H4:(CO)2:C6H3NO2
NO2C14H6O2SO3H
NO2C6H4CHCl2
NO2C6H4CHO
C6H5NO2
NH2C6H4C6H3(NH2)NO2
NO2C6H4CO2H
NO2C6H4CO2H
NO2C6H4CO2H
NO2C6H4CH2OH
NO2C6H4CH2Br
CH3C6H3(NO2)Cl
CH3C6H3(NO2)OH
CH3C6H3(NO2)CH(CH3)2
NO2C6N4N(CH3)2
NO2C6H4N(CH3)2
NO2C6H4N(CH3)2
C6H5C6H4NO2
C6H5C6H4NO2
C6H5NHC6H4NO2
H2NC(NH)NHNO2
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
159.08
452.84
228.37
214.39
128.17
288.30
288.30
244.26
226.25
205.23
445.35
584.43
172.18
172.18
144.17
144.17
224.23
224.23
186.21
186.21
143.19
143.19
179.65
179.65
223.25
241.26
241.26
241.26
223.25
241.26
241.26
169.18
162.23
123.11
123.11
180.16
165.15
168.15
168.15
168.15
154.12
138.12
138.12
138.12
153.14
153.14
253.21
333.27
206.03
151.12
123.11
229.23
167.12
167.12
167.12
153.14
216.03
171.58
153.14
179.22
166.18
166.18
166.18
199.21
199.21
214.22
104.07
oil
cr.
col. lf.
cr.
pl./al.
lf.
cr.
cr.
cr.
nd.
cr.
lf.
nd.
mn.
mn.
mn.
pl./aq.
lf.
nd./al.
nd./al.
rhb.
lf./aq.
nd.
lf.
nd.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr.
col. lq.
oil
nd./al.
nd./aq.
rhb.
nd.
red nd.
yel. nd.
red
or. pr.
yel. rhb.
yel. rhb.
yel. mn.
col. cr.
pr./al.
nd.
yel. cr.
mn.
nd./aq.
yel. lq.
red nd.
tri./aq.
mn.
yel. mn.
cr.
nd./al.
cr.
yel.
oil
yel. oil
red mn.
yel. nd.
rhb.
nd./al.
or. cr.
nd./aq.
1.275 20/4
0.777 95
0.853 70/4
0.824 38/4
1.145 20/4
13–4
88
57–8
38
80.2
d.
d. 125
90
125
177–8
217
160–1
184
96
122–3
>250
125
46–9
69–70
50
111–2
300
>300
278–80
285–6
1.077 100/4
1.224 4
1.217 4
1.123 25/25
1.061 98/4
250.5100
16715
217.9
300.8
306.1
subl.
d.
1.18
1.009 20/4
1.207 156
1.211 156
1.442 15
1.43
1.437 14
1.254 20/4
1.233 20
1.205 18/4
1.575 4/4
1.494 4/4
1.550 22/4
89/4
1.240
1.067 20/4
1.179 20/4
1.313 17
1.44
<−80
235.2
317
215–6
80–1
118
139–40
123
142–3
71.5
114
146–7
9.4
54
230
65
58
5.7
143
147.5
140–1
240–2
27
99–100
37.5
32
60–1
163–4
37
113–4
75–6
246–7
269–70
246730
subl.
d.
202
284.1
306.4
331.7
272–3
274
2707
16423
210.9
subl.
175–803
238
12522
15215
151–380
280–5
320
340
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
0.0725
i.
i.
<0.02
0.00325
10220
16420
v. s.
7730
s. h.
v. s.
v. s.
v. sl. s. h.
0.00725
sl. s. h.
0.07425
v. s. h.
v. s.
sl. s. h.
i.
0.17 c.
v. s. h.
3.820
v. s.
0.2100
sl. s.
0.4625
0.42100
0.08
0.38100
0.28100
d.
s.
s. h.
s. h.
s. h.
i.
i.
s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
9.520
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
i.
i.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
∞
s. h.
sl. s. h.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
s.
sl. s.
sl. s. c.
s. h.
0.1120
0.0819
0.1730
0.0630
i.
s.
i.
1.95112
0.1920
sl. s. h.
0.6520
0.24165
0.0215
s.
v. s.
v. s.
7.120
5.820
∞
v. s.
sl. s.
i.
v. s. h.
v. s. h.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
7.920
6.120
∞
v. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
2811
3112
0.910
2211
2510
2.218
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
i.
219
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s. h.
s.
sl. s. c.
v. s.
s.
9100
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
s. h.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
i.
s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
i.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
2-43
-naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
-phenol (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-phenol sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
(1-,2-,4-)
-phthalic acid (3-)
(4-)
-toluene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
-toluene sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
-toluidine (4-,1-,2-)
(3-,1-,4-)
Nitron
Nitroso-dimethylaniline (p-)
-naphthol (β-)(1-)
Nonadecane (n-)
Nonane (n-)
Octadecane (n-)
Octane (n-)
(iso-)
Octyl acetate (n-)
(sec-)
alcohol (n-)
(sec-)
Octylene (n-)
Oleic acid
Orcinol (1-,3-,5-)
Oxalic acid
Palmitic acid
Pelargonic acid
Penta-chloroethane
-decane (n-)
-erythritol
Pentandiol
Pentane (n-)
(i-)
(neo-)
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenetidine (o-)
(p-)
Phenetole
Phenol
-phthalein
-sulfonic acid (o-)
Phenyl acetaldehyde
acetic acid
-acetylene
aniline (o-)
(p-)
Phenyl-ethyl alcohol
-glycine
-hydrazine
-hydrazine sulfonic acid (p-)
isocyanate
-methylpyrazolone (3-)(N-)
-mustard oil
naphthalene (α-)
(β-)
naphthylamine (α-)
(β-)
phenol (o-)
(p-)
propyl alcohol (γ-)
quinoline (2-)(α-)
(8-)(0-)
salicylate, salol
stearate
urethane
C10H7NO2
C10H7NO2
NO2C6H4OH
NO2C6H4OH
NO2C6H4OH
HOC6H3(NO2)SO3H3H2O
HOC6H3(NO2)SO3H3H2O
NO2C6H3(CO2H)2
NO2C6H3(CO2H)2
CH3C6H4NO2
CH3C6H4NO2
CH3C6H4NO2
CH3C6H3(NO2)SO3H2H2O
NO2C6H3(CH3)NH2
NO2C6H3(CH3)NH2
C20H16N4
ONC6H4N(CH3)2
ONC10H6OH
CH3(CH2)17CH3
CH3(CH2)7CH3
CH3(CH2)16CH3
CH3(CH2)6CH3
(CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2
CH3CO2CH2(CH2)6CH3
CH3CO2CH(CH3)C6H13
CH3(CH2)6CH2OH
CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH3
CH3(CH2)5CH:CH2
C8H17CH:CH(CH2)7CO2H
(HO)2C6H3CH3
HO2CCO2H2H2O
CH3(CH2)14CO2H
CH3(CH2)7CO2H
CHCl2CCl3
CH3(CH2)13CH3
C(CH2OH)4
HOCH2(CH2)3CH2OH
CH3(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3
(CH3)2C(CH3)2
C2H5OC6H4NHCOCH3
< (C6H4CH)2 >
C2H5OC6H4NH2
C2H5OC6H4NH2
C2H5OC6H5
C6H5OH
C20H14O4
HOC6H4SO3HeH2O
C6H5CH2CHO
C6H5CH2CO2H
C6H5C:CH
C6H5C6H4NH2
C6H5C6H4NH2
C6H5CH2CH2OH
C6H5NHCH2CO2H
C6H5NHNH2
H2NNHC6H4SO3H
C6H5N:CO
C4H5ON2C6H5
C6H5N:CS
C10H7C6H5
C10H7C6H5
C10H7NHC6H5
C10H7NHC6H5
C6H5C6H4OH
C6H5C6H4OH
C6H5(CH2)3OH
C6H5C9H6N
C6H5C9H6N
HOC6H4CO2C6H5
CH3(CH2)16CO2C6H5
C6H5NHCO2C2H5
173.17
173.17
139.11
139.11
139.11
273.22
273.22
211.13
211.13
137.14
137.14
137.14
253.23
152.15
152.15
312.37
150.18
173.17
268.52
128.26
254.49
114.23
114.23
172.26
172.26
130.23
130.23
112.21
282.46
124.14
126.07
256.42
158.24
202.29
212.41
136.15
104.15
72.15
72.15
72.15
179.22
178.23
137.18
137.18
122.16
94.11
318.32
187.69
120.15
136.15
102.13
169.22
169.22
122.16
151.16
108.14
188.20
119.12
174.20
135.19
204.27
204.27
219.28
219.28
170.21
170.21
136.19
205.25
205.25
214.22
360.57
165.19
yel./al.
col./al.
yel. mn.
col. mn.
yel. pr.
nd.
nd./aq.
yel./aq.
yel. cr.
yel. lq.
lq.
rhb.
pl./aq.
yel. mn.
red mn.
yel. lf.
gn. tri.
brn. pr.
cr.
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. nd.
pr./bz.
col. mn.
col. pl.
col. oil
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. mn.
pl./al.
oil
lq.
col. lq.
col. nd.
col. rhb.
cr.
lq.
lf.
col. lq.
cr.
lf.
col. oil
cr.
yel. oil
cr./al.
lq.
pr./aq.
col. lq.
waxy
lf./al.
pr./al.
rhb.
nd.
nd.
oil
nd.
lq.
rhb./al.
cr.
pl./al.
1.223 62
1.295 45
1.485 20
1.479 20
1.163 20/4
1.160 18/4
1.139 55/55
1.365 15
1.312 17
0.777 32/4
0.718 20/4
0.775 28/4
0.703 20/4
0.692 20/4
0.885 0/4
0.863 14/4
0.827 20/4
0.822 20/4
0.721 18/4
0.854 78/4
1.290 4
1.653 19/4
0.849 70/4
0.906 20/4
1.671 25/4
0.770 20/4
0.994 20/4
0.630 18/4
0.621 19
0.613 20/4
1.179 25
1.061 15
0.967 20/4
1.071 25/4
1.299 25/4
1.025 20
1.081 80/4
0.930 20/4
1.023 18/4
1.097 23/4
1.096 20/4
1.138 15/15
1.17
1.18
1.008 20/4
1.250 20/4
1.106
30/4
59–60
79
44–5
96–7
113–4
d. 110
51.5
222
164–5
−4.1
15–16
51.9
130
105–7
116–7
189–90 d.
86–7
109.5
32
−53.7
28
−56.5
−107.4
−38.5
−16
−38.6
14
107–8
101.5
63–4
12.5
−22
10
262
−129.7
−160.0
−20
134–5
99–100
<−21
3–4
−30.2
42–3
261–2
50 d.
304
16515
214.5
19470
subl.
222.3
230–1
237.7
330
150.5759
317
125.7
99.3760
210
195
194–5
179–80
126
285–6100
287–90
subl.
271.5100
253–4
162
270.5
27630
239.4
36.3
27.95
9.5
d.
340
228–9
254–5
172
181.4
76–7
−43
45–6
50–2
193–4
265.5
142–3
299760
302
219–21750
127
19.6
286
243.5
128
−21
45
102.5
62
107–8
56–7
164–5
<−18
86
42–3
52
52–3
166769
19117
219–20
336–7
345–6
335258
399.5
275
305–8
235–7
363
283187
172–312
26715
237–8
i.
i.
1.08100
1.3520
1.625
v. s.
v. s.
2.0525
v. s.
0.0780
0.0580
0.0480
47.728
v. sl. s.
sl. s. h.
i.
i.
0.120
i.
i.
i.
0.00216
i.
i.
i.
0.05425
0.09625
i.
i.
v. s.
s.
i.
v. sl. s.
0.0520
i.
5.615
∞
0.03616
i.
i.
0.720
i.
i.
i.
i.
8.215
0.220
v. s.
v. sl. s.
1.6620
i.
v. sl. s.
s. h.
1.620
s.
sl. s. h.
0.612
d.
120
i.
i.
i.
0.0860
0.460
i.
i.
sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
0.01525
i.
i. c.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s. h.
v. s.
∞
∞
8.615
v. s.
s.
s.
s. h.
s.
2.418
sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
920
s.
∞
v. s.
v. sl. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
sl. s.
s.
∞
∞
80.815
v. s.
s.
v. sl. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
1.3
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
i.
∞
∞
s.
40 h.
10 h.
s.
s.
∞
∞
1025
v. s.
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
sl. s.
d.
v. s. h.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
v. s. h.
s.
s.
∞
s. h.
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
1.625
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
5.9 c.
s.
s.
∞
v. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
sl. s.
∞
v. s.
v. sl. s.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
v. s. h.
s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
2-44
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name
Phenylene-diamine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Phloroglucinol (1-,3-,5-)
Phorone
Phosgene
Phthalic acid (o-)
(m-)(iso-)
anhydride (o-)
nitrile (o-)
Phthalide
Phthalimide (o-)
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
(γ-)
Picramic acid (1-,2-,4-,6-)
Picric acid (2-,4-,6-)
Picryl chloride (2-,4-,6-)
Pinacol
Pinacoline
Pinene (α-)(dl-)
hydrochloride
Pinol (dl-)
Piperidine
carboxylic acid (α-)(dl-)
Piperidinium pentamethylene dithiocarbamate
Propane
Propionic acid
aldehyde
anhydride
Propyl acetate (n-)
(i-)
alcohol (n-)
(i-)
amine (n-)
(i-)
aniline (n-)
benzoate (n-)
(i-)
bromide (n-)
(i-)
n-butyrate (n-)
i-butyrate (n-)
n-butyrate (i-)
i-butyrate (i-)
chloride (n-)
(i-)
Propyl formate (n-)
(i-)
furoate (n-)
lactate (n-)
(i-)
mercaptan (n-)
(i-)
propionate (n-)
(i-)
thiocyanate (i-)
n-valerate (n-)
i-valerate (n-)
i-valerate (i-)
Propylene
bromide
chlorohydrin
chloride
glycol
oxide
Protocatechuic acid (3-,4-)
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H4(NH2)2
C6H3(OH)32H2O
[(CH3)2C:CH]2CO
OCCl2
C6H4(CO2H)2
C6H4(CO2H)2
C6H4 < (CO)2 > O
C6H4(CN)2
C6H4(CH2)(CO) > O
C6H4 < (CO)2 > NH
C5H4NCH3
C5H4NCH3
C5H4NCH3
HOC6H2(NH2)(NO2)2
HOC6H2(NO2)3
ClC6H2(NO2)3
[(CH3)2COH]2
CH3COC(CH3)3
C10H16
C10H17Cl
C10H16O
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > NH
HO2CCH < (CH2CH2)2 > NH
(CH2)5CS2HHN(CH2)5
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CO2H
CH3CH2CHO
(CH3CH2CO)2O
CH3CO2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHOH
CH3CH2CH2NH2
(CH3)2CHNH2
C6H5NHCH2CH2CH3
C6H5CO2CH2CH2CH3
C6H5CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2Br
(CH3)2CHBr
C2H5CH2CO2CH2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCO2CH2C2H5
C2H5CH2CO2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2Cl
(CH3)2CHCl
HCO2CH2CH2CH3
HCO2CH(CH3)2
C4H3OCO2C3H7
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2C2H5
CH3CH(OH)CO2CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2SH
(CH3)2CHSH
C2H5CO2CH2C2H5
C2H5CO2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCNS
CH3(CH2)3CO2CH2C2H5
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7
CH3CH:CH2
CH3CHBrCH2Br
CH3CHClCH2OH
CH3CHClCH2Cl
CH3CH(OH)CH2OH
CH3(CHCH2)O
(HO)2C6H3CO2HH2O
108.14
108.14
108.14
162.14
138.21
98.92
166.13
166.13
148.12
128.13
134.13
147.13
93.13
93.13
93.13
199.12
229.10
247.55
118.17
100.16
136.23
172.69
152.23
85.15
129.16
232.43
44.10
74.08
58.08
130.14
102.13
102.13
60.10
60.10
59.11
59.11
135.21
164.20
164.20
122.99
122.99
130.18
130.18
130.18
130.18
78.54
78.54
88.11
88.11
154.16
132.16
132.16
76.16
76.16
116.16
116.16
101.17
144.21
144.21
144.21
42.08
201.89
94.54
112.99
76.09
58.08
172.14
lf./aq.
rhb.
mn.
rhb.
yel. pr.
gas
mn./aq.
nd./aq.
rhb.
cr.
nd./aq.
cr./et.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
red nd.
yel. rhb.
yel. mn.
col. nd.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lf.
lq.
lq.
cr.
cr.
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
col. lq.
nd./aq.
Specific
gravity
1.139 15/15
0.885 20/4
1.392 19/4
1.593 20/4
1.527
4
1.164 99/4
0.950 15/4
0.961 15/4
0.957 15/4
1.763 20/4
1.797 20
0.967 15
0.800 16
0.878 20/4
0.953 20/20
0.860 20/4
1.13
0.585 −45/4
0.992 20/4
0.807 20/4
1.012 20/4
0.886 20/4
0.874 20/20
0.804 20/4
0.78920/4
0.718 20/20
0.694 15/4
0.949 18
1.021 25/25
1.010 25/25
1.353 20/4
1.310 20/4
0.879 15
0.884 0/4
0.865 18
0.869 0/4
0.890 20/4
0.859 20
0.901 20/4
0.873 20/4
1.075 26/4
0.836 25/4
0.809 25/4
0.883 20/4
0.893 0
0.963 20
0.874 15
0.863 20/4
0.854 17
0.609 −47/4
1.933 20/4
1.103 20
1.159 20/20
1.040 19.4
0.831 20/20
1.542 4/4
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
103–4
62.8
140
117
28
−104
208
330
130.8
141
73(65)
238
−70
256–8
284–7
267
subl.
197.2743
8.2756
d.
subl.
284.5
169
121.8
83
43(38)
−52.5
−55
131–2
−9
264
175
−187.1
−22
−81
−45
−92.5
−73.4
−127
−85.8
−83
−101
−51.6
−109.9
−89
−95.2
−122.8
−117
−92.9
−112
−130.7
−76
−70.7
−185
−55.5
<−70
199 d.
290
subl.
128.8
143.5
143.1
expl.
d.
171–2789
106.2
154–6
207–8
183–4
106
−42.2
141.1
49.5740
168.8780
101.6
88.4
97.8
82.5
49–50761
33–4
222
231
218.5
70.8
60
142.7
134–5
128
120.8
46.4
36.5
81.3
68-71751
211
122-3150
167.5
67-8
58-60
122-3
109-11750
152-3754
67.5
155.9
142756
−48749
141.6
133-4
96.8
188-9
35
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
Alcohol
Ether
73381
35.125
669107
1.1325
0.150
v. sl. s.
0.7025
0.2100
v. sl. s.
sl. s. c.
v. sl. s.
0.0425
v. s.
∞
∞
0.1422
1.2320
0.01815
sl. s. c.
2.515
v. sl. s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
1218
s.
s.
0.6815
∞
s.
628
6.518 cc.
∞
2020
d.
1.616
320
∞
∞
∞
∞
i.
i.
i.
0.2520
0.3220
0.1717
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
0.2720
0.3120
12.222
2.122
v. sl. s.
s.
s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
0.5625
0.625
i.
i.
i.
44.6 cc.
0.2520
s.
0.2720
∞
3320
1.8214
s.
5
∞
∞
∞
s.
620
4.817
v. s.
s.
s.
33
s.
∞
sl. s.
s. h.
∞
∞
∞
sl. s.
113
717
v. s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
d.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
1200 cc.
s.
s.
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
8
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
2-45
Pulegol (iso-)(d-)
Pulegone
Pyrazole
Pyrazoline
Pyrazolone
Pyrene
Pyridazine
Pyridine
Pyrocatechol (o-)
Pyrogallol (1-,2-,3-)
Pyrone
Pyrrole
Pyrrolidine
Pyrroline
Pyruvic acid
Quercitrin
Quinaldine (py-2)
Quinoline
(iso-)
-diol (1-,3-)
Quinone (p-)
R-acid Ca salt (2-)(3-,6-)
K salt
Na salt
Raffinose
Resorcinol (m-)
Retene
Rhamnose (β-)
Ricinoleic acid
Rosaniline
Rosolic acid
Saccharin
Safrole (1-,3-,4-)
(iso-)(1-,3-,4-)
Salicylic acid (o-)
aldehyde (o-)
Saligenin
Schaeffer’s salt, Ca
K
Na
Semicarbazide
hydrochloride
Skatole (3-)
Sodium methylate
Sorbitol
Sorbose (d- or l-)
Starch
Stearic acid
amide
Styrene
Suberic acid
Succinic acid
Sucrose
Sulfanilic acid (p-)
Sylvestrene (d-)
Tartaric acid (meso-)
(racemic)
(d- or l-)
Tartronic acid
Terephthalic acid (p-)
Terpin hydrate (cis-)
Terpineol (α-)(d- or l-)
(dl-)
Terpinyl acetate (α-)(dl-)
Tetrabromo-ethane (sym)
(uns)
Tetrachloro-ethane (sym)
(uns)
-ethylene
Tetracosane (n-)
Tetradecane (n-)
Tetraethyl-thiuram disulfide
C10H17OH
C10H16O
NHN:CHCH:CH
NHN:CHCH2CH2
NHCOCH2CH:N
C16H10
N2 < (CHCH)2 >
CH < (CHCH)2 > N
C6H4(OH)2
C6H3(OH)3
CO < (CHCH)2 > O
< (CH:CH)2 > NH
< (CH2CH2)2 > NH
< (CHCH2)2 > NH
CH3COCO2H
C21H20O112H2O
CH3C9H6N
C9H7N
C9H7N
C6H4CH:C(OH)N:C(OH)
CO < (CHCH)2 > CO
HOC10H5(SO3)2Ca
HOC10H5(SO3K)2
HOC10H5(SO3Na)2
C18H32O165H2O
C6H4(OH)2
C18H18
CH3(CHOH)4CHOH2O
C17H32(OH)CO2H
C20H21ON3
C20H16O3
C6H4(CO)(SO2) > NH
CH2:CHCH2C6H3:O2CH2
CH3CH:CHC6H3:O2CH2
HOC6H4CO2H
HOC6H4CHO
HOC6H4CH2OH
(HOC10H6SO3)2Ca5H2O
HOC10H6SO3K
HOC10H6SO3Na
NH2CONHNH2
NH2CONHNH3Cl
CH3C8H6N
CH3ONa
[CH2OH(CHOH)2]2
C6H12O6
(C6H10O5)x
CH3(CH2)16CO2H
CH3(CH2)16CONH2
C6H5CH:CH2
HO2C(CH2)6CO2H
HO2C(CH2)2CO2H
C12H22O11
H2NC6H4SO3H
C10H16
(CHOHCO2H)2
(CHOHCO2H)2H2O
(CHOHCO2H)2
CH(OH)(CO2H)2aH2O
C6H4(CO2H)2
C10H20O2H2O
C10H18O
C10H18O
CH3CO2C10H17
Br2CHCHBr2
Br3CCH2Br
Cl2CHCHCl2
Cl3CCH2Cl
Cl2C:CCl2
CH3(CH2)22CH3
CH3(CH2)12CH3
[(C2H5)2NCS]2S2
154.25
152.23
68.08
70.09
84.08
202.25
80.09
79.10
110.11
126.11
96.08
67.09
71.12
69.11
88.06
484.41
143.19
129.16
129.16
161.16
108.09
342.36
380.48
348.26
594.51
110.11
234.34
182.17
298.46
319.40
304.34
183.18
162.19
162.19
138.12
122.12
124.14
576.60
262.32
246.21
75.07
111.53
131.17
54.02
182.17
180.16
162.14
284.48
283.49
104.15
174.19
118.09
342.30
173.19
136.23
150.09
168.10
150.09
129.07
166.13
190.28
154.25
154.25
196.29
345.65
345.65
167.85
167.85
165.83
338.65
198.39
296.54
col. lq.
col. lq.
nd./et.
lq.
nd.
yel. pr.
lq.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
nd.
cr.
lq.
lq.
lq.
col. lq.
yel. nd.
lq.
lq.
pl.
cr.
yel. mn.
cr.
cr.
cr.
cr./aq.
col. rhb.
lf./al.
col. mn.
lq.
col. nd.
red lf.
mn.
col. mn.
col. lq.
mn.
col. oil
rhb./aq.
cr.
cr.
cr.
pr./al.
pr.
lf.
pd.
cr.
rhb.
amor.
mn.
col. cr.
col. lq.
nd./aq.
col. mn.
col. mn.
col. cr.
lq.
cr.
tri.
mn.
pr./aq.
cr.
rhb.
col. cr.
col. cr.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
cr.
col. lq.
cr.
0.911 20/4
0.932 20/20
70
1.277 0/4
1.107 20/4
0.982 20/4
1.344 4
1.453 4
1.190 40.3
0.948 20/4
0.852 22.5
0.910 20/4
1.267 20/4
1.059 20/4
1.095 20
1.099 21/4
1.318 20/4
1.465 0
1.272 15
1.1316
1.47120/4
0.954 16
1.100 20/4
1.122 20/4
1.443 20/4
1.153 25/4
1.161 25
1.654 15
1.5021
0.847 69.3
0.903 20/4
1.266 25/4
1.572 25/4
1.588 15
0.863 20/4
1.737
1.697 20/4
1.760 20/4
1.510
0.935 15
0.935 20/20
0.966 20/4
2.964 20/4
2.875 20/4
1.600 20/4
1.588 20/4
1.624 15/4
0.779 51/4
0.765 20/4
1.17
165
149-50
−8
−42
104-5
133-4
32.5
13.6
182-5
−1
−15
24.6
237
115.7
119
110.7
98-9
126
4-5
186 d.
308-10 d.
225-8
11.2
6-7
159
-7
86-7
96
173 d.
95
d. 300
110-2
165
d.
70-1
108-9
−31
140-4
189-90
170-86 d.
d. > 280
159-60
205-6
168-70
d. 155-8
subl.
117
38-40
35
< −50
−1.0
0
−36
−19
51.1
5.5
70
86-9 10
224754
186-8
144
subl. d.
>360
208
115-6
240-5
309
215-7
131
87-8
90-1
165
244-5750
237.1747
240.5763
subl.
d. 130
276.5
390-4
226-810
subl.
233-4
252-3
21120
196.5
subl.
265-6755
291110
25112
145-6
279100
235 d.
176-7
d.
subl.
d.
219-21
218-9752
220 d.
15154
10413
146.3
129-30
120.8
324
252.5
v. sl. s.
i.
s.
∞
s.
i.
∞
∞
45.120
40 13
v. sl. s.
i.
∞
v. s.
∞
0.04 20
v. sl. s.
6
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s. h.
30.6 25
29.5 25
25.2 25
14.3 20
14712
i.
60.8 21
i.
v. sl. s.
0.1225
0.4 25
i.
i.
0.223
1.7 86
6.615
4.7620
3.4625
6.2925
v. s.
v. s.
0.05 c.
d.
v. s.
5517
i.
0.0325
i.
v. sl. s.
0.1416
6.820
1790
0.810
12015
20.620
13920
v. s.
0.001 c.
0.415
i.
i.
i.
i.
0.2920
i.
0.0220
i.
i.
∞
s.
∞
v. s.
3 h.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
s.
∞
s.
0.120
v. s.
69 h.
∞
s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
sl. s.
s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
sl. s.
v. s. h.
3.1 c.
s.
∞
4915
∞
v. s.
v. s.
v. s. h.
i.
∞
i.
sl. s.
1.05 c.
∞
∞
5115
∞
v. s.
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
i.
i.
s.
v. s. h.
sl. s.
i.
220
s. h.
∞
s.
9.915
0.9
v. sl. s.
i.
6g
s. h:
∞
0.815
1.215
i.
v. sl. s.
20
2515
v. s.
sl. s. h.
1015
v. s.
v. s.
20
∞
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
0.09
0.415
i.
i.
115
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
∞
∞
s.
v. s.
2-46
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Concluded)
Name
Tetrafluoro-ethylene
Tetrahydro-furan
-furfuryl alcohol
-pyran
Tetralin
Tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide
Tetryl (2-,4-,6-)
Theobromine
Thio-acetic acid
-aniline (4-, 4′-)
-carbanilide
-naphthol (β-)
-phenol
-salicylic acid (o-)
-urea
Thiophene
Thymol (5-,2-,1-)
Tolidine (0-)(3-,3′-,4-,4′-)
Toluene
sulfonic acid (o-)
(p-)
sulfonic amide (p-)
sulfonic chloride (p-)
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
hydrochloride (o-)
sulfonic acid (1-,2-,3-)
Toluylenediamine (1-,2-,4-)
Tolylene diisocyanate (1-,2-,4-)
Trehalose
Triamylamine (n-)
(i-)
Tributyl-amine (n-)
phosphite
Trichloro-acetic acid
-benzene (s-)(1-,3-,5-)
-ethane (1-,1-,1-)
-ethylene
-phenol
Tricosane (n-)
Tricresyl phosphate (o-)
Tridecane (n-)
Triethanol amine
Triethyl-amine
-benzene (1-,3-,5-)
(1-,2-,4-)
borate
citrate
Triethylene glycol
Trifluoro-chloromethane
-chloroethylene
-trichloroethane
Trimethoxybutane (1-,3-,3-)
Trimethylamine
Trimethylene bromide
chloride
glycol
Trinitro-benzene (1-,3-,5-)
-benzoic acid (2-,4-,6-)
-tert-butylxylene
-naphthalene (α-)(1-,3-,5-)
(β-)(1-,3-,8-)
(γ-)(1-,4-,5-)
Formula
Formula
weight
Form and
color
Specific
gravity
Melting
point, °C
Boiling
point, °C
F2C:CF2
CH2(CH2)2CH2O
C4H7OCH2OH
CH2(CH2)3CH2O
C6H4CH2(CH2)2CH2
[(CH3)2NCS]2S2
(NO2)3C6H2N(CH3)NO2
C7H8O2N4
CH3COSH
(NH2C6H4)2S
(C6H5NH)2CS
C10H7SH
C6H5SH
HSC6H4CO2H
NH2CSNH2
< (CH:CH)2 > S
(CH3)(C3H7)C6H3OH
[CH3(NH2)C6H3]2
C6H5CH3
CH3C6H4SO3H2H2O
CH3C6H4SO3HH2O
CH3C6H4SO2NH2
CH3C6H4SO2Cl
CH3C6H4CO2H
CH3C6H4CO2H
CH3C6H4CO2H
CH3C6H4NH2
CH3C6H4NH2
CH3C6H4NH2
CH3C6H4NH3Cl
CH3(NH2)C6H3SO3H
CH3C6H3(NH2)2
CH3C6H3(NCO)2
C12H22O112H2O
[CH3(CH2)3CH2]3N
[(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]3N
[CH3(CH2)2CH2]3N
[CH3(CH2)3O]3P
Cl3CCO2H
C6H3Cl3
Cl3CCH3
Cl2C:CHCl
Cl3C6H2OH
CH3(CH2)21CH3
OP(OC6H4CH3)3
CH3(CH2)11CH3
(HOCH2CH2)3N
(CH3CH2)3N
(C2H5)3C6H3
(C2H5)3C6H3
B(OCH2CH3)3
HOC3H4(CO2C2H5)3
(CH2OCH2CH2OH)2
CF3Cl
F2C:CFCl
Cl2CFCClF2
CH2(OCH3)CH2C(OCH3)2CH3
(CH3)3N
BrCH2CH2CH2Br
ClCH2CH2CH2Cl
HOCH2CH2CH2OH
C6H3(NO2)3
(NO2)3C6H2CO2H
(NO2)3C6(CH3)2C4H9
C10H5(NO2)3
C10H5(NO2)3
C10H5(NO2)3
100.02
72.11
102.13
86.13
132.20
240.43
287.14
180.16
76.12
216.30
228.31
160.24
110.18
154.19
76.12
84.14
150.22
212.29
92.14
208.23
190.22
171.22
190.65
136.15
136.15
136.15
107.15
107.15
107.15
143.61
187.22
122.17
174.16
378.33
227.43
227.43
185.35
250.31
163.39
181.45
133.40
131.39
197.45
324.63
368.36
184.36
149.19
101.19
162.27
162.27
145.99
276.28
150.17
104.46
116.47
187.38
148.20
59.11
201.89
112.99
76.09
213.10
257.11
297.26
263.16
263.16
263.16
gas
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
cr.
yel. mn.
rhb.
yel. lq.
nd./aq.
rhb./al.
cr./al.
col. lq.
yel. nd.
rhb./al.
col. lq.
cr.
lf.
col. lq.
cr.
mn.
mn.
tri.
cr./aq.
pr./aq.
cr./aq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
cr.
mn. pr.
cr.
rhb.
lq.
rhb./al.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
cr.
nd.
lq.
col. lq.
nd.
lf.
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. oil
lq.
lq.
lq.
oil
col. lq.
gas
gas
lq.
lq.
gas
lq.
lq.
oil
col. rhb.
rhb./aq.
nd./al.
rhb.
cr./al.
yel. cr.
1.58−78
0.88821/4
1.05020/4
0.88120/4
0.97318/4
1.29
1.5719
−142.5
−65
−76.3
65-6
177-8743
88
206764
10
1.074
1.324
1.07423/4
1.40520/4
1.07015/4
0.97225/25
0.86620/4
1.062115/4
1.054112/4
0.99920/4
0.98920/4
1.04620/4
1.2328
−31
155-6
130.5
330
< −17
108
154
81
164
180-2
−30
51.5
128-9
−95
d.
104-5
137
69
104-5
110-1
179-80
−16.3
−31.5
44-5
218-20
99
expl.
93
d.
286-8
168-9
subl.
d.
84
232752
110.8
128.80
146-70
134.510
259751
263
274-5
199.7
203.3
200.3
242
283-5
134.520
97
20/4
0.786
0.77820/20
0.92520/4
1.61746/15
26/4
1.325
1.46620/20
1.49075/4
0.77948/4
0.75720/4
1.12620/20
0.72920/20
0.86120/4
0.88217/4
0.86420/20
1.13720/4
1.12520/20
1.726−130
1.57620/4
0.932
0.662 −5
1.987 15/4
1.201 15
1.060 20/4
1.688 20/4
58
63.5
−73
68-9
47.7
−6.2
20-1
−114.8
−5
−182
−157.5
−35
−124
−34.4
121
210-20 d.
110
122-3
218-9
148-9
240-5
235
216.5761
122-312
195.5754
208.5764
74.1
87.2
246
23415
234
277-9150
89.4
215
217-8755
120
294
290
−80
−27.9
47.6
63-525
3.5
167.5
123-5
214
d.
Solubility in 100 parts
Water
0.0130
s.
∞
s.
i.
i.
i.
0.0615
s.
sl. s. h.
i.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
sl. s. h.
9.213
i.
0.0919
v. sl. s.
0.0516
v. s.
v. s.
0.29
i.
2.17100
1.6100
1.3100
1.525
sl. s.
0.7421
s.
0.9711
s. h.
d.
s. h.
i.
i.
i.
i.
12025
i.
i.
0.125
0.0925
i.
i.
i.
∞
∞ > 190
i.
i.
d.
i.
∞
d.
i.
d.
4119
0.1730
0.2725
∞
0.0315
2.0524
i.
i.
0.02100
i.
Alcohol
Ether
s.
∞
s.
∞
s.
s.
s. h.
0.06 c.
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
7.45
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
sl. s.
s.
0.03 h.
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
sl. s.
v. s.
s.
∞
s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
d.
sl. s. h.
s.
i.
s.
∞
s.
sl. s.
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
sl. s.
∞
s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. sl. s.
∞
∞
s.
s.
s.
∞
1.918
s.
s.
s.
1.518
sl. s.
s.
0.0523
0.1119
0.1315
0.419
s.
-phenol (2-,3-,6-)
-toluene (β-)(2-,3-,4-)
(γ-)(2-,4-,5-)
(α-)(2-,4-,6-)
Trional
Triphenyl-arsine
carbinol
guanidine (α-)
methane
methyl
phosphate
Tripropylamine (n-)
Undecane (n-)
Urea
nitrate
Uric acid
Valeric acid (n-)
(i-)
aldehyde (n-)
(i-)
amide (n-)
(i-)
Vanillic acid (3-,4-,1-)
alcohol (3-,4-,1-)
hyl-thiuram disulfide
Vanillin (3-,4-,1-)
Veratrole (o-)
Vinyl acetate
(poly-)
acetic acid
acetylene
alcohol
(poly-)
chloride
propionate
Xylene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-)
Xylidine (1:2)(3-)
(1:2)(4-)
(1:3)(2-)
(1:3)(4-)
(1:3)(5-)
(1:4)(2-)
Xylose (l-)(+)
Xylylene dichloride (p-)
Zinc diethyl
dimethyl
dimethyl-dithiocarbamate
NOTE: °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
(NO2)3C6H2OH
CH3C6H2(NO2)3
CH3C6H2(NO2)3
CH3C6H3(NO2)3
(C2H5SO2C2H4)2
(C6H5)3As
(C6H5)3COH
C6H5N:C(NHC6H5)2
(C6H5)3CH
(C6H5)3C . . .
OP(OC6H5)3
(CH3CH2CH2)3N
CH3(CH2)9CH3
H2NCONH2
CO(NH2)2HNO3
C5H4O3N4
C2H5CH2CH2CO2H
(CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
C2H5CH2CH2CHO
(CH3)2CHCH2CHO
C2H5CH2CH2CONH2
(CH3)2CHCH2CONH2
CH3O(OH)C6H3CO2H
CH3O(OH)C6H3CH2OH
[(C2H5)2NCS]2S2
CH3O(OH)C6H3CHO
C6H4(OCH3)2
CH3CO2CH:CH2
(CH3CO2CH:CH2)x
CH2:CHCH2CO2H
CH2:CHC:CH
CH2:CHOH
(CH2:CHOH)x
CH2:CHCl
C2H5CO2CH:CH2
C6H4(CH3)2
C6H4(CH3)2
C6H4(CH3)2
(CH3)2C6H3SO3H2H2O
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
(CH3)2C6H3NH2
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO
C6H4(CH2Cl)2
Zn(CH2CH3)2
Zn(CH3)2
Zn[S2CN(CH3)2]2
229.10
227.13
227.13
227.13
242.36
306.23
260.33
287.36
244.33
243.32
326.28
143.27
156.31
60.06
123.07
168.11
102.13
102.13
86.13
86.13
101.15
101.15
168.15
154.16
296.54
152.15
138.16
86.09
(86.09)
86.09
52.07
44.05
(44.05)
62.50
100.12
106.17
106.17
106.17
222.26
121.18
121.18
121.18
121.18
121.18
121.18
150.13
175.06
123.53
95.48
305.84
nd.
cr.
yel. pl.
cr./al.
pl./al.
pl.
cr.
rhb./al.
cr.
col. cr.
pr./al.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. pr.
col. mn.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
lq.
col. lq.
mn. pl.
mn.
nd./aq.
mn./aq.
cr.
mn.
cr.
col. lq.
col. lq.
gas
gas
lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lq.
col. lf.
lq.
pr.
lq.
lq.
oil
oil
nd.
mn.
col. lq.
col. lq.
1.620 20/4
1.620 20/4
1.654
1.199 85/4
1.306
1.188 20/4
1.13
1.014 99/4
1.206 58/4
0.757 20/4
0.741 20/4
1.335 20/4
1.893 20
0.939 20/4
0.931 20/20
0.819 11
0.803 17
1.023
0.965 20/4
1.17
1.056
1.091 15/15
0.932 20/4
1.1920
1.013 15/15
0.705 1.5
117-8
112
104
80.8
76
59-60
162.5
144-5
93.4
145-7
49-50
−93.5
−25.6
132.7
152 d.
d.
−34.5
−37.6
−92
−51
106
135-7
207
115
70
81-2
22.5
< −60
100-25
−39
1.320
0.908 25/25
d. >200
−160
0.881 20/4
0.867 17/4
0.861 20/4
−25
−47.4
13.2
86
< −15
49-50
0.991 15
1.076 17.5
0.980 15
0.978 20/4
0.972 20/4
0.979 21/4
1.535 0
1.417 0
1.182 18
1.386 11
2.0040/4
15.5
153-4
100.5
−28
−40
248-50
expl.
expl.
expl.
d.
>360
>360
d.
359754
d.
24511
156.5
194.5
d.
187
176
103.4
92.5
232
subl.
d.
285
207.1
72-3
163
5.5
−12
93-5
144
139.3
138.5
1490.1
223
224-6
216-7
213-4
221-2
215789
240-5 d.
118
46
s. h.
i.
i.
0.0120
0.315
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
v. sl. s.
i.
10017
v. s. h.
0.06 h.
3.316
4.220
v. sl. s.
sl. s.
v. s.
s.
0.1214
v. s. h.
i.
114
v. sl. s.
220
i.
s.
0.670.6
s.
sl. s.
v. sl. s.
i.
i.
i.
s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
v. sl. s.
11720
i.
d.
d.
i.
v. s.
sl. s. c.
s. h.
1.522
50
s.
v. s.
40
v. s. h.
sl. s. h.
15525
∞
∞
2020
s.
i.
∞
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
533
6.615
v. s.
v. s.
v. s.
∞
∞
sl. s.
v. s.
s.
∞
v. s.
s.
∞
∞
∞
v. s.
i.
∞
∞
s.
s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
v. s.
s.
v. s.
s.
s.
s.
∞
∞
v. s.
s.
s.
v. sl. s.
s.
d.
d.
i.
v. sl. s.
2-47
2-48
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-3
Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to −40 ⬚C
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
UNITS CONVERSIONS
Vapor pressure
t, ºC mmHg
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
0
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
−2.0
−2.5
−3.0
−3.5
−4.0
−4.5
−5.0
−5.5
−6.0
−6.5
−7.0
−7.5
−8.0
−8.5
−9.0
−9.5
−10.0
−10.5
−11.0
−11.5
−12.0
−12.5
−13.0
0.6112
0.5865
0.5627
0.5398
0.5177
0.4965
0.4761
0.4564
0.4375
0.4193
0.4018
0.3849
0.3687
0.3532
0.3382
0.3238
0.3100
0.2967
0.2839
0.2717
0.2599
0.2486
0.2377
0.2273
0.2173
0.2077
0.1985
−13.5
−14.0
−14.5
−15.0
−15.5
−16.0
−16.5
−17.0
−17.5
−18.0
−18.5
−19.0
−19.5
−20.0
−20.5
−21.0
−21.5
−22.0
−22.5
−23.0
−23.5
−24.0
−24.5
−25.0
−25.5
−26.0
−26.5
1.423
1.359
1.298
1.240
1.184
1.130
1.079
1.029
0.9822
0.9370
0.8937
0.8522
0.8125
0.7745
0.7381
0.7034
0.6701
0.6383
0.6078
0.5787
0.5509
0.5243
0.4989
0.4747
0.4515
0.4294
0.4083
0.1897
0.1812
0.1731
0.1653
0.1578
0.1507
0.1438
0.1372
0.1310
0.1249
0.1191
0.1136
0.1083
0.1033
0.09841
0.09377
0.08934
0.08510
0.08104
0.07716
0.07345
0.06991
0.06652
0.06329
0.06020
0.05725
0.05443
−27.0
−27.5
−28.0
−28.5
−29.0
−29.5
−30.0
−30.5
−31.0
−31.5
−32.0
−32.5
−33.0
−33.5
−34.0
−34.5
−35.0
−35.5
−36.0
−36.5
−37.0
−37.5
−38.0
−38.5
−39.0
−39.5
−40.0
0.3881
0.3688
0.3505
0.3330
0.3162
0.3003
0.2851
0.2706
0.2568
0.2437
0.2311
0.2192
0.2078
0.1970
0.1867
0.1769
0.1676
0.1587
0.1503
0.1423
0.1347
0.1274
0.1206
0.1140
0.1078
0.1019
0.0963
0.05174
0.04918
0.04673
0.04439
0.04216
0.04004
0.03801
0.03608
0.03424
0.03249
0.03082
0.02923
0.02771
0.02627
0.02490
0.02359
0.02235
0.02116
0.02004
0.01897
0.01796
0.01699
0.01607
0.01520
0.01437
0.01359
0.01284
4.584
4.399
4.220
4.049
3.883
3.724
3.571
3.423
3.281
3.145
3.013
2.887
2.766
2.649
2.537
2.429
2.325
2.225
2.130
2.038
1.949
1.865
1.783
1.705
1.630
1.558
1.489
SOURCE: Formulation of Wagner, Saul, and Pruss, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,
23, 515 (1994), implemented in Harvey, Peskin, and Klein, NIST/ASME Steam
Properties, NIST Standard Reference Database 10, Version 2.2, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., 2000. This source provides
data down to 190 K (−83.15 ºC). A formula extending to 110 K may be found in
Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1539 (2005).
TABLE 2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water
from 0 to −40 ⬚C*
Vapor pressure
t, ºC mmHg
0
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
−2.0
−2.5
−3.0
−3.5
−4.0
−4.5
−5.0
−5.5
−6.0
−6.5
−7.0
−7.5
−8.0
−8.5
−9.0
−9.5
−10.0
−10.5
−11.0
−11.5
−12.0
−12.5
−13.0
4.584
4.421
4.262
4.108
3.959
3.816
3.676
3.542
3.411
3.285
3.163
3.046
2.932
2.822
2.715
2.612
2.513
2.417
2.324
2.235
2.149
2.065
1.985
1.907
1.832
1.760
1.690
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
0.6112
0.5894
0.5682
0.5477
0.5279
0.5087
0.4901
0.4722
0.4548
0.4380
0.4218
0.4061
0.3909
0.3762
0.3620
0.3483
0.3351
0.3223
0.3099
0.2980
0.2865
0.2753
0.2646
0.2542
0.2442
0.2346
0.2253
−13.5
−14.0
−14.5
−15.0
−15.5
−16.0
−16.5
−17.0
−17.5
−18.0
−18.5
−19.0
−19.5
−20.0
−20.5
−21.0
−21.5
−22.0
−22.5
−23.0
−23.5
−24.0
−24.5
−25.0
−25.5
−26.0
−26.5
1.623
1.558
1.495
1.435
1.377
1.321
1.267
1.215
1.165
1.117
1.070
1.026
0.9827
0.9414
0.9016
0.8633
0.8265
0.7911
0.7571
0.7244
0.6930
0.6628
0.6337
0.6059
0.5791
0.5534
0.5288
0.2163
0.2077
0.1993
0.1913
0.1836
0.1761
0.1689
0.1620
0.1553
0.1489
0.1427
0.1367
0.1310
0.1255
0.1202
0.1151
0.1102
0.1055
0.1009
0.0965
0.0923
0.08836
0.08449
0.08078
0.07721
0.07379
0.07050
−27.0
−27.5
−28.0
−28.5
−29.0
−29.5
−30.0
−30.5
−31.0
−31.5
−32.0
−32.5
−33.0
−33.5
−34.0
−34.5
−35.0
−35.5
−36.0
−36.5
−37.0
−37.5
−38.0
−38.5
−39.0
−39.5
−40.0
0.5051
0.4824
0.4606
0.4397
0.4197
0.4005
0.3820
0.3644
0.3475
0.3313
0.3158
0.3009
0.2867
0.2731
0.2600
0.2476
0.2356
0.2242
0.2133
0.2029
0.1929
0.1834
0.1743
0.1656
0.1573
0.1494
0.1419
0.06734
0.06431
0.06141
0.05862
0.05595
0.05339
0.05094
0.04858
0.04633
0.04417
0.04210
0.04012
0.03822
0.03640
0.03467
0.03300
0.03141
0.02989
0.02844
0.02705
0.02572
0.02445
0.02324
0.02208
0.02098
0.01992
0.01891
*SOURCE: Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1539 (2005). The
formula in the reference extends down to 123 K (-150.15 ºC), although in practice pure liquid water cannot be supercooled below about 235 K.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch,
multiply by 0.01934.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Additional vapor-pressure data may be found in major thermodynamic property
databases, such as those produced by the AIChE’s DIPPER program
(www.aiche.org/dippr/), NIST’s Thermodynamics Research Center (trc.nist.gov),
the Dortmund Databank (www.ddbst.de), and the Physical Property Data Service (www.ppds.co.uk). Additional sources include the NIST Chemistry Webbook (webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/); Boublik, Fried, and Hala, The Vapor
Pressures of Pure Substances, 2d ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984; Poling, Prausnitz, and O’Connell, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGrawHill, New York, 2001; Vapor Pressure of Chemicals (Subvolumes A, B, and C),
vol. IV/20 in Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical Data nad Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology—New Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999–2001.
The most recent work on water may be found at The International Association
for the Properties of Water and Steam website http://iapws.org.
TABLE 2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water
from 0 to 100°C
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
0.01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
0.00061165
0.00065709
0.00070599
0.00075808
0.00081355
0.00087258
0.00093536
0.0010021
0.0010730
0.0011483
0.0012282
0.0013130
0.0014028
0.0014981
0.0015990
0.0017058
0.0018188
0.0019384
0.0020647
0.0021983
0.0023393
0.0024882
0.0026453
0.0028111
0.0029858
0.0031699
0.0033639
0.0035681
0.0037831
0.0040092
0.0042470
0.0044969
0.0047596
0.0050354
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
0.0053251
0.0056290
0.0059479
0.0062823
0.0066328
0.0070002
0.0073849
0.0077878
0.0082096
0.0086508
0.0091124
0.0095950
0.010099
0.010627
0.011177
0.011752
0.012352
0.012978
0.013631
0.014312
0.015022
0.015762
0.016533
0.017336
0.018171
0.019041
0.019946
0.020888
0.021867
0.022885
0.023943
0.025042
0.026183
0.027368
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
0.028599
0.029876
0.031201
0.032575
0.034000
0.035478
0.037009
0.038595
0.040239
0.041941
0.043703
0.045527
0.047414
0.049367
0.051387
0.053476
0.055635
0.057867
0.060173
0.062556
0.065017
0.067558
0.070182
0.072890
0.075684
0.078568
0.081541
0.084608
0.087771
0.091030
0.094390
0.097852
0.10142
From E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical
Properties of Fluid Systems” in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov) and Wagner, W., and A., Pruss, “The IAPWS Formulation 1995
for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General
and Scientific Use,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387–535, 2002.
The website mentioned above allows users to generate their own tables of
thermodynamic properties. The user can select the units as well as the temperatures and/or pressures for which properties are to be generated. The results
can be then be copied into spreadsheets or other files.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-49
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted
by Chemical Family
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Paraffins
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Undecane
Dodecane
Tridecane
Tetradecane
Pentadecane
Hexadecane
Heptadecane
Octadecane
Nonadecane
Eicosane
2-Methylpropane
2-Methylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
2-Methylpentane
2,3-Dimethylpentane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Methylcyclopentane
Ethylcyclopentane
Methylcyclohexane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclohexane
Formula
273
262
79
197
339
105
207
210
C8H14
C9H16
C10H18
C3H4
C4H4
C4H6
C5H6
C5H8
16
325
312
129
343
344
345
243
62
304
330
331
246
321
40
24
290
318
C6H6
C7H8
C8H8
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C9H10
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C10H8
C10H12
C10H14
C12H10
C14H10
C18H14
153
1
299
44
278
170
159
264
255
73
CH2O
C2H4O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
C6H12O
C7H14O
C8H16O
C9H18O
C10H20O
8
5
222
229
283
284
310
67
144
175
176
226
102
164
165
269
270
20
C3H4O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C6H4O2
C6H10O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C13H10O
156
324
320
322
C4H4O
C4H4S
C4H8O
C4H8S
14
25
52
80
149
Ar
Br2
Cl2
D2
F2
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
C11H24
C12H26
C13H28
C14H30
C15H32
C16H34
C17H36
C18H38
C19H40
C20H42
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
C6H12
C7H14
C7H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
1-Octyne
1-Nonyne
1-Decyne
Methyl acetylene
Vinyl acetylene
Dimethyl acetylene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
3-Methyl-1-butyne
135
305
36
37
38
70
285
68
177
166
271
260
77
238
205
206
218
219
298
294
29
30
201
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C5H8
C5H10
C6H10
C6H12
C7H14
C8H16
C9H18
C10H20
C4H8
C5H10
C5H10
C6H10
C6H10
C9H14
C3H4
C4H6
C4H6
C5H8
Ketones
7
43
288
289
178
180
181
168
C2H2
C4H6
C5H8
C5H8
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C7H12
Acetylenes
Acetylene
1-Butyne
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
3-Hexyne
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
1-Heptyne
Cmpd. No.
193
125
295
31
279
171
160
265
256
74
336
123
327
319
277
169
158
263
254
124
236
202
107
234
114
323
332
333
71
64
69
65
217
134
213
108
109
110
133
Olefins
Ethylene
Propylene
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Cyclopentene
1-Pentene
Cyclohexene
1-Hexene
1-Heptene
1-Octene
1-Nonene
1-Decene
2-Methyl propene
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Propenylcyclohexene
Propadiene
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
Name
Acetylenes
Aromatics
Benzene
Toluene
Styrene
Ethylbenzene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
alpha-Methyl styrene
Cumene
Propylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Naphthalene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Butylbenzene
Biphenyl
Phenanthrene
o-Terphenyl
Aldehydes
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Butyraldehyde
Pentanal
Hexanal
Heptanal
Octanal
Nonanal
Decanal
Acrolein
Acetone
Methylethyl ketone
Methylisopropyl ketone
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
Quinone
Cyclohexanone
Ethylisopropyl ketone
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
Methylisobutyl ketone
Diisopropyl ketone
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
Benzophenone
Heterocyclics
Furan
Thiophene
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrothiophene
Elements
Argon
Bromine
Chlorine
Deuterium
Fluorine
2-50
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted
by Chemical Family (Continued)
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Elements
Hydrogen
Helium-4
Nitrogen
Neon
Oxygen
183
157
249
247
275
H2
He
N2
Ne
O2
194
126
296
297
34
35
281
282
66
173
174
162
163
267
268
258
259
76
337
237
204
21
214
215
216
137
309
32
33
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O
C3H8O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C7H16O
C7H16O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C9H20O
C9H20O
C10H22O
C11H24O
C4H10O
C5H12O
C7H8O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C2H6O2
C3H8O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
291
59
60
61
C6H6O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
112
245
221
120
95
240
228
103
208
225
244
147
143
104
101
235
13
84
142
22
121
C2H6O
C3H6O
C3H8O
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C7H8O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C9H12O
C12H10O
155
274
3
9
191
300
CH2O2
C2H2O4
C2H4O2
C3H4O2
C3H4O4
C3H6O2
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
Cyclohexanol
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Decanol
1-Undecanol
2-Methyl-2-propanol
3-Methyl-1-butanol
Benzyl alcohol
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Ethylene glycol
1,2-Propylene glycol
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
Phenols
Phenol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Ethers
Dimethyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Methylethyl ether
1,4-Dioxane
Diethyl ether
Methylpropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ether
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
Methylbutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ether
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Di-isopropyl ether
Methyl pentyl ether
Anisole
Dibutyl ether
Ethylhexyl ether
Benzyl ethyl ether
Diphenyl ether
Acids
Formic acid
Oxalic acid
Acetic acid
Acrylic acid
Malonic acid
Propionic acid
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Methacrylic acid
Acetic anhydride
Succinic acid
Butyric acid
Isobutyric acid
2-Methylbutanoic acid
Pentanoic acid
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Hexanoic acid
Benzoic acid
Heptanoic acid
Phthalic anhydride
Terephthalic acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Octanoic acid
2-Methyloctanoic acid
Nonanoic acid
Decanoic acid
192
4
313
45
189
203
280
131
172
18
161
293
317
141
266
233
257
75
C4H6O2
C4H6O3
C4H6O4
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C7H6O2
C7H14O2
C8H4O3
C8H6O4
C8H16O2
C8H16O2
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C10H20O2
224
140
196
198
338
127
239
306
232
146
211
302
39
132
200
130
115
119
C2H4O2
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C5H8O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H8O2
C9H10O2
C10H10O4
C10H10O4
199
138
106
128
136
190
303
329
94
93
100
122
328
CH5N
C2H5N
C2H7N
C2H7N
C2H8N2
C3H9N
C3H9N
C3H9N
C4H11N
C4H11NO2
C6H15N
C6H15N
C6H15N
154
2
113
195
15
CH3NO
C2H5NO
C3H7NO
C3H7NO
C7H7NO
6
63
10
301
46
19
C2H3N
C2N2
C3H3N
C3H5N
C4H7N
C7H5N
251
248
CH3NO2
C2H5NO2
Acids
Esters
Methyl formate
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Methyl acrylate
Vinyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Methyl propionate
Propyl formate
Methyl methacrylate
Ethyl propionate
Methyl butyrate
Propyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Ethyl butyrate
Methyl benzoate
Ethyl benzoate
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
Amines
Methyl amine
Ethyleneimine
Dimethyl amine
Ethyl amine
Ethylenediamine
Isopropyl amine
Propyl amine
Trimethyl amine
Diethyl amine
Diethanol amine
Di-isopropyl amine
Dipropyl amine
Triethyl amine
Amides
Formamide
Acetamide
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
N-Methyl acetamide
Benzamide
Nitriles
Acetonitrile
Cyanogen
Acrylonitrile
Propionitrile
Butyronitrile
Benzonitrile
Nitro Compounds
Nitromethane
Nitroethane
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-51
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted
by Chemical Family (Concluded)
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
334
335
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
227
292
C2H3NO
C7H5NO
231
145
308
307
41
42
287
286
17
72
179
23
167
272
261
78
CH4S
C2H6S
C3H8S
C3H8S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C5H12S
C5H12S
C6H6S
C6H12S
C6H14S
C7H8S
C7H16S
C8H18S
C9H20S
C10H22S
117
111
223
96
230
241
209
C2H6S
C2H6S2
C3H8S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C5H12S
50
51
55
83
90
99
28
56
152
340
326
81
82
88
CCl4
CF4
CHCl3
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
CH2F2
CH3Br
CH3Cl
CH3F
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
Isocyanates
Methyl isocyanate
Phenyl isocyanate
Mercaptans
Methyl mercaptan
Ethyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
2-Propyl mercaptan
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Benzenethiol
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Hexyl mercaptan
Benzyl mercaptan
Heptyl mercaptan
Octyl mercaptan
Nonyl mercaptan
Decyl mercaptan
Sulfides
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl disulfide
Methylethyl sulfide
Diethyl sulfide
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylbutyl sulfide
Cmpd. No.
Formula
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Bromoethane
Chloroethane
Fluoroethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Bromobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Fluorobenzene
89
97
98
27
54
151
91
92
57
58
85
86
87
26
53
150
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
C2H5Br
C2H5Cl
C2H5F
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H5Br
C6H5Cl
C6H5F
242
212
220
341
148
116
311
CH6Si
CH5ClSi
CH4Cl2Si
C2H3Cl3Si
C2H5Cl3Si
C2H8Si
F4Si
186
49
47
48
250
315
184
185
187
188
12
182
253
252
314
276
316
CHN
CO
CO2
CS2
F3N
F6S
HBr
HCl
HF
H2S
H3N
H4N2
NO
N2O
O2S
O3
O3S
11
139
118
342
Mixture
C2H4O
C2H6OS
H2O
Silanes
Methylsilane
Methylchlorosilane
Methyldichlorosilane
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Dimethylsilane
Silicon tetrafluoride
Light Gases
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chloroform
Dibromomethane
Dichloromethane
Difluoromethane
Bromomethane
Chloromethane
Fluoromethane
Vinyl chloride
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Name
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Nitro Compounds
Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Nitrogen trifluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Ammonia
Hydrazine
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
Sulfur trioxide
Others
Air
Ethylene oxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Water
2-52
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314,
and 2-315
Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
Ar
Br2
CCl4
CF4
CHCl3
CHN
CH2Br2
CH2Cl2
CH2F2
CH2O
CH2O2
CH3Br
CH3Cl
CH3F
CH3NO
CH3NO2
CH4
CH4Cl2Si
CH4O
CH4S
CH5ClSi
CH5N
CH6Si
CO
CO2
CS2
C2H2
C2H2O4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3
C2H3Cl3Si
C2H3N
C2H3NO
C2H4
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
C2H4O
C2H4O
C2H4O2
C2H4O2
C2H5Br
C2H5Cl
C2H5Cl3Si
C2H5F
C2H5N
C2H5NO
C2H5NO2
C2H6
C2H6O
C2H6O
C2H6O2
C2H6OS
C2H6S
C2H6S
C2H6S2
C2H7N
C2H7N
C2H8N2
C2H8Si
C2N2
C3H3N
C3H4
C3H4
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H4O4
C3H5N
C3H6
C3H6
C3H6Cl2
11
14
25
50
51
55
186
83
90
99
153
155
28
56
152
154
251
193
220
194
231
212
199
242
49
47
48
7
274
340
326
341
6
227
135
81
82
88
89
97
98
1
139
3
224
27
54
148
151
138
2
248
125
112
126
137
118
117
145
111
106
128
136
116
63
10
197
294
8
9
191
301
71
305
91
Air
Argon
Bromine
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chloroform
Hydrogen cyanide
Dibromomethane
Dichloromethane
Difluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Bromomethane
Chloromethane
Fluoromethane
Formamide
Nitromethane
Methane
Methyldichlorosilane
Methanol
Methyl mercaptan
Methylchlorosilane
Methyl amine
Methylsilane
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Acetylene
Oxalic acid
Vinyl chloride
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Acetonitrile
Methyl Isocyanate
Ethylene
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Acetic acid
Methyl formate
Bromoethane
Chloroethane
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluoroethane
Ethyleneimine
Acetamide
Nitroethane
Ethane
Dimethyl ether
Ethanol
Ethylene glycol
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfide
Ethyl mercaptan
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl amine
Ethyl amine
Ethylenediamine
Dimethylsilane
Cyanogen
Acrylonitrile
Methyl acetylene
Propadiene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Malonic acid
Propionitrile
Cyclopropane
Propylene
1,1-Dichloropropane
C3H6Cl2
C3H6O
C3H6O
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C3H6O2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7NO
C3H7NO
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H9N
C3H9N
C3H9N
C4H4
C4H4O
C4H4S
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H6O3
C4H6O4
C4H7N
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8O
C4H8O
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H8S
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H11N
C4H11NO2
C5H6
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8
C5H8O2
92
5
245
299
140
196
300
57
58
113
195
295
221
296
297
309
223
308
307
190
303
329
339
156
324
29
30
43
105
192
198
338
4
313
46
36
37
38
64
238
44
222
320
45
120
127
189
239
306
322
31
236
34
35
95
237
240
228
32
33
103
41
42
96
230
241
94
93
207
70
201
210
288
289
232
1,2-Dichloropropane
Acetone
Methyl vinyl ether
Propionaldehyde
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Propionic acid
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
N-Methyl acetamide
Propane
Methylethyl ether
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
1,2-Propylene glycol
Methylethyl sulfide
Propyl mercaptan
2-Propyl mercaptan
Isopropyl amine
Propyl amine
Trimethyl amine
Vinyl acetylene
Furan
Thiophene
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
1-Butyne
Dimethyl acetylene
Methacrylic acid
Methyl acrylate
Vinyl acetate
Acetic anhydride
Succinic acid
Butyronitrile
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Cyclobutane
2-Methyl propene
Butyraldehyde
Methylethyl ketone
Tetrahydrofuran
Butyric acid
1,4-Dioxane
Ethyl acetate
Isobutyric acid
Methyl propionate
Propyl formate
Tetrahydrothiophene
Butane
2-Methylpropane
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
Diethyl ether
2-Methyl-2-propanol
Methylpropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ether
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
Diethyl sulfide
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methylpropyl sulfide
Diethyl amine
Diethanol amine
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Cyclopentene
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
3-Methyl-1-butyne
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Methyl methacrylate
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-53
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314,
and 2-315 (Continued)
Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O2
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H12S
C6H3N3O6
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4O2
C6H5Br
C6H5Cl
C6H5F
C6H6
C6H6O
C6H6S
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10
C6H10O
C6H12
C6H12
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H12S
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14S
C6H15N
C6H15N
C6H15N
C7H5N
C7H5N3O6
C7H5NO
C7H6O2
C7H7NO
69
205
206
285
229
278
283
284
146
203
211
280
302
202
279
143
147
204
208
225
244
281
282
104
209
286
287
334
85
86
87
310
26
53
150
16
291
17
218
68
178
180
181
219
67
65
177
217
66
144
170
175
176
226
39
131
132
172
72
107
171
234
101
173
174
235
179
100
122
328
19
335
292
18
15
Cyclopentane
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
1-Pentene
Methylisopropyl ketone
Pentanal
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
Ethyl propionate
2-Methylbutanoic acid
Methyl butyrate
Pentanoic acid
Propyl acetate
2-Methylbutane
Pentane
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylpropyl ether
3-Methyl-1-butanol
Methylbutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ether
Methyl tert-butyl ether
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Methylbutyl sulfide
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Quinone
Bromobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Fluorobenzene
Benzene
Phenol
Benzenethiol
1-Methylcyclopentene
Cyclohexene
3-Hexyne
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
3-Methylcyclopentene
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexane
1-Hexene
Methylcyclopentane
Cyclohexanol
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Hexanal
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
Methylisobutyl ketone
Butyl acetate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Hexanoic acid
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
2,3-Dimethylbutane
Hexane
2-Methylpentane
Di-isopropyl ether
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
Methyl pentyl ether
Hexyl mercaptan
Di-isopropyl amine
Dipropyl amine
Triethyl amine
Benzonitrile
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Phenyl isocyanate
Benzoic acid
Benzamide
C7H8
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8S
C7H12
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O2
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H16S
C8H4O3
C8H6O4
C8H8
C8H8O2
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16O2
C8H16O2
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H18S
C9H10
C9H10O2
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12O
C9H14
C9H16
C9H18
C9H18O
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C9H20
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H20S
C10H8
C10H10O4
C10H10O4
C10H12
C10H14
C10H18
325
13
21
59
60
61
23
168
134
166
213
102
159
164
165
214
215
216
161
114
160
162
163
167
293
317
312
200
129
343
344
345
273
108
109
110
133
271
264
269
270
141
266
265
323
332
333
84
142
267
268
272
243
130
62
304
330
331
22
298
262
260
255
233
257
256
258
259
261
246
115
119
321
40
79
Toluene
Anisole
Benzyl alcohol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Benzyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Ethylcyclopentane
1-Heptene
Methylcyclohexane
Di-isopropyl ketone
Heptanal
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Heptanoic acid
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Heptane
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
Heptyl mercaptan
Phthalic anhydride
Terephthalic acid
Styrene
Methyl benzoate
Ethylbenzene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
1-Octyne
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclohexane
1-Octene
Octanal
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Octanoic acid
Octane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
Dibutyl ether
Ethylhexyl ether
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
Octyl mercaptan
alpha-Methyl styrene
Ethyl benzoate
Cumene
Propylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Benzyl ethyl ether
Propenylcyclohexene
1-Nonyne
1-Nonene
Nonanal
2-Methyloctanoic acid
Nonanoic acid
Nonane
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
Nonyl mercaptan
Naphthalene
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Butylbenzene
1-Decyne
2-54
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314,
and 2-315 (Concluded)
Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
C10H20
C10H20O
C10H20O2
C10H22
C10H22O
C10H22S
C11H24
C11H24O
C12H10
C12H10O
C12H26
C13H10O
C13H28
C14H10
C14H30
C15H32
C16H34
C17H36
C18H14
C18H38
C19H40
C20H42
Cl2
77
73
75
74
76
78
336
337
24
121
123
20
327
290
319
277
169
158
318
263
254
124
52
1-Decene
Decanal
Decanoic acid
Decane
1-Decanol
Decyl mercaptan
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Biphenyl
Diphenyl ether
Dodecane
Benzophenone
Tridecane
Phenanthrene
Tetradecane
Pentadecane
Hexadecane
Heptadecane
o-Terphenyl
Octadecane
Nonadecane
Eicosane
Chlorine
D2
F2
F3N
F4Si
F6S
HBr
HCl
HF
H2
H2O
H2S
H3N
H4N2
He
NO
N2
N2O
Ne
O2
O2S
O3
O3S
80
149
250
311
315
184
185
187
183
342
188
12
182
157
253
249
252
247
275
314
276
316
Deuterium
Fluorine
Nitrogen trifluoride
Silicon tetrafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen
Water
Hydrogen sulfide
Ammonia
Hydrazine
Helium-4
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Neon
Oxygen
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
Sulfur trioxide
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa
2-55
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
C2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
193.69
125.81
53.27
100.95
69.006
58.302
39.63
138.4
46.745
87.604
21.662
90.483
128.06
42.127
85.474
83.107
77.765
88.513
138.5
88.404
100.68
68.541
118.02
77.314
108.26
63.749
62.217
72.586
39.714
75.572
66.343
103.28
123.22
106.295
114.68
51.836
72.541
71.704
122.82
101.22
65.382
60.649
77.004
99.33
93.815
66.32
140.54
67.114
45.698
78.441
61.89
71.334
54.144
65.988
146.43
64.697
79.24
46.854
95.403
210.88
−8,036.7
−12,376
−6,304.5
−8,873.2
−5,599.6
−5,385.6
−2,552.2
−7,122.7
−6,587.1
−6,392.7
−692.39
−4,669.7
−9,307.7
−1,093.1
−11,932
−6,486.2
−8,455.1
−11,829
−11,195
−11,769
−11,059
−7,886.2
−10,527
−9,910.4
−6,592
−7,130.2
−5,113.3
−4,698.6
−3,769.9
−4,621.9
−4,363.2
−11,548
−12,620
−9,866.4
−9,850.2
−4,019.2
−4,691.2
−4,563.1
−9,253.2
−9,255.4
−6,262.4
−5,785.9
−5,054.5
−7,083.6
−9,942.2
−6,714.9
−4,735
−4,820.4
−1,076.6
−6,128.1
−2,296.3
−3,855
−6,244.4
−4,661.3
−7,792.3
−4,048.1
−5,718.8
−4,445.5
−10,581
−13,928
C3
−29.502
−14.589
−4.2985
−11.451
−7.0985
−5.4954
−2.78
−19.638
−3.2208
−10.101
−0.392
−11.607
−16.693
−4.1425
−8.3348
−9.2194
−7.7404
−8.6826
−17.085
−8.9014
−10.709
−6.5804
−13.91
−7.5079
−14.16
−5.879
−5.9761
−7.9966
−2.6407
−8.5323
−7.046
−10.925
−13.986
−11.655
−12.963
−4.5229
−7.9776
−7.9053
−14.99
−11.538
−6.2585
−5.6113
−8.5665
−11.733
−9.8019
−6.3087
−21.268
−7.5303
−4.8814
−8.5766
−7.086
−8.5171
−4.5343
−6.8586
−20.614
−6.8066
−8.789
−3.6533
−10.004
−29.483
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
4.3678E-02
5.0824E-06
8.8865E-18
6.1316E-06
6.2237E-06
5.3634E-06
2.3930E-16
2.6447E-02
5.2253E-07
1.0891E-05
4.7574E-03
1.7194E-02
1.4919E-02
5.7254E-05
1.2850E-18
6.9844E-06
4.3089E-18
2.3248E-19
9.5641E-06
1.9334E-18
3.0582E-18
2.4285E-06
6.4794E-06
2.2385E-18
1.6043E-02
5.2136E-18
4.7174E-17
1.1553E-05
6.9379E-18
1.2269E-05
9.4509E-06
4.2560E-18
3.9260E-06
1.0832E-17
1.8738E-17
4.8833E-17
1.0368E-05
1.1319E-05
1.0470E-05
5.9208E-06
1.4943E-17
1.5877E-17
1.0161E-05
1.0027E-05
9.3124E-18
1.3516E-17
4.0909E-02
9.1695E-03
7.5673E-05
6.8465E-06
3.4687E-05
1.2378E-02
4.7030E-18
7.9404E-06
2.4578E-02
1.0371E-05
8.4486E-06
1.3260E-17
4.3032E-18
2.5182E-02
1
2
6
2
2
2
6
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
2
2
6
1
6
6
2
6
2
2
6
2
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
6
6
1
1
2
2
2
1
6
2
1
2
2
6
6
1
150.15
353.33
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.4
185.45
286.15
189.63
59.15
195.41
235.65
83.78
403
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.4
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.2
265.85
242.43
154.55
179.47
136.95
164.25
134.86
220
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.8
134.26
167.62
199.65
185.3
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.75
267.95
161.25
216.58
161.11
68.15
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
134.8
207.15
175.43
150.35
155.97
285.39
304.19
3.23E−01
3.36E+02
1.28E+03
2.20E−02
2.79E+00
1.87E+02
1.27E+05
1.03E+01
2.57E+02
3.68E+00
5.64E+03
6.11E+03
2.45E+00
6.87E+04
3.55E+02
4.76E+03
7.68E+00
7.96E+02
3.08E+00
1.49E+00
1.88E−01
2.31E+01
2.98E−01
9.42E+01
5.85E+03
7.84E+00
3.72E−01
1.95E+02
4.47E−01
6.92E+01
6.74E−01
2.93E−04
3.74E−07
2.90E−04
1.95E−06
6.94E−07
2.72E−01
7.45E+01
8.17E−02
1.54E−04
2.35E−03
3.40E−05
1.18E+00
3.17E−01
6.78E+00
6.18E−04
5.19E+05
1.49E+00
1.54E+04
1.12E+03
1.08E+02
1.37E+03
8.45E+00
1.25E−01
5.25E+01
8.71E+02
6.96E−02
9.08E−01
5.86E+00
6.53E+01
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
535
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
699.35
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
467
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
582.25
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
697.55
5.565E+06
6.569E+06
5.739E+06
3.970E+06
4.709E+06
4.852E+06
6.106E+06
5.020E+06
5.661E+06
4.480E+06
3.793E+06
1.130E+07
4.273E+06
4.896E+06
5.047E+06
4.875E+06
4.728E+06
4.469E+06
4.243E+06
3.357E+06
4.372E+06
3.113E+06
4.074E+06
3.407E+06
1.028E+07
4.520E+06
6.290E+06
7.997E+06
4.361E+06
4.303E+06
3.770E+06
5.202E+06
4.033E+06
4.401E+06
4.182E+06
4.021E+06
4.238E+06
4.100E+06
3.087E+06
2.882E+06
3.973E+06
4.060E+06
4.599E+06
4.323E+06
4.071E+06
3.787E+06
7.390E+06
8.041E+06
3.494E+06
4.544E+06
3.742E+06
7.793E+06
4.529E+06
5.327E+06
5.554E+06
6.691E+06
4.581E+06
4.510E+06
4.522E+06
5.058E+06
2-56
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Continued)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
118.53
102.81
81.565
85.899
51.087
189.19
85.424
88.184
66.341
67.952
40.608
85.146
201.64
112.73
123.36
156.239
68.401
91.91
142.94
18.947
62.711
43.751
86.295
72.227
53.187
77.105
88.31
66.611
92.355
101.6
83.495
65.955
106.38
49.314
136.9
46.705
73.491
84.625
69.132
462.84
41.631
50.868
53.637
62.097
66.592
71.738
77.161
81.184
78.952
78.429
81.045
44.704
82.762
78.335
72.517
63.08
84.39
56.273
43.541
44.494
−11,957
−8,674.6
−4,808.9
−4,884.4
−5,226.4
−14,337
−7,944.4
−6,624.9
−5,198.5
−5,187.5
−3,179.6
−7,843.7
−15,133
−9,749.6
−14,680
−15,212
−7,776.9
−10,565
−11,119
−154.47
−6,503.5
−5,587.7
−7,010.3
−7,537.6
−6,827.5
−8,111.1
−8,463.4
−5,493.1
−6,920.4
−6,541.6
−6,661.4
−6,015.6
−13,714
−4,949
−6,954.3
−5,177.4
−4,385.9
−5,217.4
−3,847.7
−18,227
−4,668.7
−6,036.5
−5,251.2
−6,174.9
−4,999.8
−5,302
−5,691.1
−6,927
−7,075.4
−6,882.1
−6,941.3
−3,525.6
−7,955.5
−6,348.7
−10,415
−4,062.3
−5,740.6
−7,620.6
−8,204.8
−5,406.7
−13.293
−11.922
−9.3748
−10.883
−4.2278
−24.148
−9.2862
−10.059
−6.8103
−7.0785
−2.8937
−9.2982
−26.264
−13.245
−13.474
−18.424
−6.4637
−9.5957
−17.818
−0.5723
−5.7669
−3.0891
−9.5972
−7.0596
−4.3233
−7.8886
−9.6308
−6.7301
−10.651
−12.247
−9.2386
−6.5509
−11.06
−3.9256
−19.254
−3.5985
−8.1851
−9.871
−7.5868
−73.734
−2.8551
−4.066
−4.5649
−5.715
−6.8387
−7.3324
−8.501
−8.8498
−8.4344
−8.4129
−8.777
−3.4444
−8.8038
−8.5105
−6.755
−6.425
−9.6454
−4.6279
−2.7519
−3.1287
8.6988E-18
7.0048E-06
1.3901E-05
1.4934E-02
9.7554E-18
1.0740E-05
4.9957E-06
8.2566E-06
6.1930E-06
6.8165E-06
5.6131E-17
5.1788E-06
1.4625E-05
7.1266E-06
1.9491E-18
8.5006E-18
6.3750E-18
5.7028E-18
1.1020E-05
3.8899E-02
1.0427E-06
8.2664E-07
6.7794E-06
9.1442E-18
2.3112E-18
2.7267E-06
4.5833E-06
5.3579E-06
9.1426E-06
1.2311E-05
6.7652E-06
4.3172E-06
3.2645E-18
9.1978E-18
2.4508E-02
1.7147E-06
1.2978E-05
1.3050E-05
1.5065E-05
9.2794E-02
6.3693E-04
1.1326E-06
1.6754E-17
1.2323E-17
6.6793E-06
6.4200E-17
8.0325E-06
5.4580E-06
4.5035E-06
4.9831E-06
5.5501E-06
5.4574E-17
4.2431E-06
6.4311E-06
1.3269E-06
1.5115E-16
1.0073E-05
4.3819E-07
1.0466E-18
2.8913E-18
6
2
2
1
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
2
1
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
6
6
2
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
2
2
6
6
307.93
177.14
245.25
182.48
279.69
296.6
242
169.67
179.28
138.13
145.59
189.64
267.15
243.51
304.55
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
18.73
210.15
282.85
220.6
175.3
248.39
256.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
178.01
200
172.71
301.15
223.35
156.85
169.20
154.56
215
136.95
176.85
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.1
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
212.72
160
274.18
122.93
174.88
291.67
413.8
284.95
3.45E+01
4.71E−04
7.39E+04
1.80E+02
5.36E+03
7.65E+01
6.80E+00
1.04E−01
9.07E+00
1.28E−02
7.80E+01
8.24E−03
4.86E−01
1.39E+00
1.50E−01
1.51E−01
2.59E−02
2.59E−02
1.60E−01
1.72E+04
2.64E+00
7.53E+02
2.13E+01
7.14E−04
6.41E+00
6.49E+00
1.23E+03
2.21E+00
2.37E+02
5.93E+00
4.52E+00
8.25E−02
1.02E−01
3.74E+02
3.95E−01
9.93E−02
6.45E+01
2.83E+03
5.43E+01
4.47E−03
6.86E+00
8.21E−01
9.45E−02
4.50E+01
6.12E+03
7.56E+01
1.52E−02
6.06E+01
6.41E+00
8.04E−02
2.07E−01
3.05E+00
1.95E−01
1.26E−02
3.72E−02
4.15E−01
7.86E+00
5.02E+01
1.26E+03
2.53E+03
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674.2
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.255
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
473.2
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
772
587
5.151E+06
3.226E+06
5.961E+06
4.991E+06
4.094E+06
4.265E+06
3.989E+06
4.392E+06
4.513E+06
4.799E+06
5.494E+06
3.970E+06
2.599E+06
2.091E+06
2.233E+06
2.309E+06
2.223E+06
2.130E+06
2.363E+06
1.663E+06
6.034E+06
5.375E+06
7.170E+06
2.459E+06
4.070E+06
4.074E+06
4.070E+06
5.106E+06
5.318E+06
6.093E+06
4.239E+06
4.232E+06
4.260E+06
3.674E+06
3.641E+06
3.961E+06
4.507E+06
4.372E+06
5.760E+06
3.199E+06
2.869E+06
3.017E+06
3.773E+06
3.447E+06
4.870E+06
5.258E+06
3.130E+06
2.939E+06
2.939E+06
2.938E+06
5.363E+06
5.274E+06
4.365E+06
2.882E+06
2.780E+06
3.561E+06
5.533E+06
5.648E+06
2.778E+06
5.158E+06
2-57
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
59.969
54
137.47
203.66
51.857
73.304
66.824
81.56
89.063
52.923
90.464
57.661
80.208
88.671
53.963
73.51
84.09
66.51
91.944
73.833
117.52
77.523
57.723
57.459
65.551
105.64
86.898
62.614
42.393
51.915
56.639
59.123
101.51
100.3
50.323
74.738
11.533
156.95
92.252
87.829
120.47
147.41
124.23
78.463
75.494
65.922
79.858
59.083
156.06
81.507
104.65
114.05
135.421
109.42
107.44
73.155
51.024
47.091
68.467
133.2
123.71
76.858
12.69
−8,585.5
−6,018.5
−11,976
−19,441
−2,598.7
−7,122.3
−6,227.6
−5,596.9
−7,733.7
−7,531.7
−10,243
−6,346.5
−7,203.2
−7,012.7
−2,443
−7,572.7
−10,411
−6,019.2
−5,293.4
−5,817
−12,991
−7,978.8
−5,236.9
−6,356.8
−5,027.4
−8,007
−6,646.4
−6,148.2
−1,103.3
−5,439
−3,576.5
−3,043.7
−4,917.2
−10,763
−5,378.2
−5,417
−8.99
−15,557
−8,349
−6,996.4
−13,106
−13,466
−11,637
−8,077.2
−7,896.5
−6,189
−8,501.8
−6,031.8
−15,015
−7,776.8
−6,995.5
−12,332
−12,288
−10,449
−8,528.6
−7,242.9
−4,986.4
−5,104
−7,390.5
−7,492.9
−7,639
−7,245.2
−94.896
−5.1538
−4.4981
−16.698
−25.525
−5.1283
−7.1424
−6.41
−9.0779
−9.917
−4.2347
−9.2836
−5.032
−8.6023
−10.045
−5.5643
−7.1435
−8.1976
−6.3332
−11.682
−7.809
−12.895
−7.7757
−5.2136
−4.9545
−6.6853
−12.477
−9.5758
−5.84
−4.1203
−4.2896
−5.5801
−6.1845
−13.765
−10.946
−4.203
−8.0636
0.6724
−18.966
−10.274
−9.8802
−13.31
−17.353
−14.148
−7.9062
−7.5047
−6.3629
−8.1043
−5.3072
−18.941
−8.4516
−12.702
−12.45
−15.732
−12.051
−12.679
−7.2569
−4.2463
−3.6371
−6.5456
−18.405
−16.451
−8.22
1.1125
1.9983E-18
9.9684E-18
8.0906E-06
8.8382E-06
1.4913E-05
2.8853E-06
1.7914E-17
8.7920E-06
5.9860E-06
1.1835E-06
5.2573E-18
8.2534E-18
4.5901E-06
7.4578E-06
1.9079E-05
1.2124E-17
1.6536E-18
1.0394E-17
1.4902E-02
6.3200E-06
6.1306E-18
1.0076E-17
2.2998E-17
5.2015E-18
6.3208E-06
9.0000E-06
5.9615E-17
1.0900E-17
5.7815E-05
8.7527E-18
9.8969E-06
1.6637E-05
2.2031E-02
3.8503E-06
3.4697E-06
7.4700E-06
2.7430E-01
6.4559E-06
5.9252E-06
7.2099E-06
5.8384E-18
1.1284E-17
6.9486E-17
8.0521E-18
8.9130E-18
2.0091E-17
8.1501E-18
1.4357E-17
6.8172E-06
1.5143E-17
1.2381E-05
5.6253E-18
1.2701E-17
2.6122E-46
8.4606E-06
1.2741E-17
1.6768E-17
5.1621E-04
7.7611E-18
2.2062E-02
1.6495E-02
6.1557E-03
3.2915E-04
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
2
6
6
6
1
2
6
6
6
6
2
2
6
6
2
6
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
6
6
5.7
6
6
6
6
6
2
6
2
6
6
16
2
6
6
1
6
1
1
1
2
300.03
210.15
263.57
309.58
90.35
159.05
189.6
192.15
178.2
238.45
258.15
175.15
161.84
134.71
104
284.29
260.15
195.2
160.65
193.55
235
180
140
204.15
125.26
199.25
145.65
167.55
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
181.15
275.6
281.45
187.55
1.76
295.13
229.8
182.57
265.83
239.15
230
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
192.22
291.31
217.15
177.83
269.25
228.55
223
217.35
217.5
133.39
170.05
192.62
141.25
183.65
274.69
13.95
7.09E+00
3.69E+00
6.15E−01
9.26E−03
1.13E+00
4.96E−04
1.43E+00
1.52E+02
3.91E−03
1.69E−01
4.63E−01
1.04E−02
3.57E−04
3.71E−06
1.26E+02
6.78E+02
2.19E−01
9.71E+00
7.79E+00
1.81E+01
2.86E−04
7.60E−04
4.31E−03
9.70E−01
1.14E−03
7.80E−01
1.61E−03
1.85E−02
2.53E+02
1.51E+02
8.37E+00
4.33E+02
8.87E+02
1.04E+00
2.40E+03
5.00E+01
1.46E+03
4.65E−02
1.45E+00
1.83E−01
4.34E−02
1.95E−02
3.68E−02
2.30E+00
3.54E+00
1.86E−03
3.05E−01
8.15E−01
9.23E−02
1.25E+00
9.02E−01
2.43E−01
2.25E−02
7.44E−02
1.45E+00
2.22E+00
7.96E−04
2.20E−01
1.31E−02
3.92E−04
5.40E−01
4.08E+02
7.21E+03
766.8
550
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
408
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
616.8
540.2
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
591
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
653.15
33.19
3.097E+06
3.111E+06
1.822E+06
1.175E+06
4.852E+06
6.109E+06
3.850E+06
5.594E+06
3.590E+06
3.203E+06
3.403E+06
2.935E+06
3.041E+06
3.412E+06
5.032E+06
6.290E+06
8.257E+06
6.850E+06
7.255E+06
4.708E+06
2.788E+06
2.460E+06
3.415E+06
3.293E+06
5.492E+06
3.337E+06
3.372E+06
3.320E+06
5.167E+06
4.544E+06
5.006E+06
5.875E+06
6.594E+06
7.751E+06
5.807E+06
5.550E+06
2.285E+05
1.344E+06
3.155E+06
2.719E+06
3.039E+06
3.013E+06
2.995E+06
2.919E+06
2.946E+06
2.921E+06
2.772E+06
3.209E+06
1.411E+06
3.461E+06
3.045E+06
3.284E+06
3.441E+06
3.298E+06
3.286E+06
3.322E+06
3.212E+06
3.540E+06
3.079E+06
3.635E+06
3.530E+06
1.473E+07
1.315E+06
2-58
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Continued)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
29.315
104.27
36.75
59.544
85.584
110.38
136.66
122.92
109.53
39.205
82.718
79.128
61.267
50.242
107.69
75.206
84.828
66.575
71.308
85.383
121.85
93.131
83.927
95.453
60.164
96.344
69.459
71.87
95.984
92.684
134.63
125.1
54.179
55.368
52.732
52.601
79.788
78.586
72.698
79.07
77.184
57.984
80.503
57.612
53.867
45.242
52.82
54.15
107.36
105.7
53.579
61.907
108.43
172.27
78.01
70.717
67.942
83.711
37.205
−2,424.5
−3,731.2
−3,927.1
−4,143.8
−3,839.9
−10,540
−7,201.5
−16,258
−10,410
−1,324.4
−6,904.5
−9,523.9
−5,618.6
−3,811.9
−7,027.2
−5,082.8
−9,334.7
−5,213.4
−4,976
−9,575.4
−10,976
−5,525.4
−5,640.5
−5,448.8
−5,621.7
−7,856.3
−5,250
−6,885.7
−5,401.7
−7,080.8
−10,682
−10,288
−7,477.2
−5,149.8
−5,286.9
−5,120.3
−5,420
−5,176.3
−6,143.6
−6,114.1
−5,606.1
−5,339.6
−7,421.8
−5,197.9
−4,701
−5,324.4
−5,437.7
−4,337.7
−8,085.3
−12,458
−5,041.2
−6,188.9
−5,039.9
−11,589
−4,634.1
−6,439.7
−5,419.1
−6,786.9
−2,590.3
−1.1354
−15.047
−2.1245
−6.1764
−11.199
−12.262
−18.934
−13.113
−12.289
−3.4366
−8.8622
−7.7355
−5.6473
−4.2526
−13.916
−8.0919
−8.7063
−6.7693
−7.7169
−8.6164
−13.869
−11.852
−9.6453
−12.384
−5.53
−11.058
−7.1125
−7.0944
−11.829
−10.695
−16.511
−15.157
−4.22
−5.0136
−4.4509
−4.4554
−9.0702
−8.7501
−7.5779
−8.631
−8.392
−5.2362
−8.379
−5.1269
−4.7052
−3.2551
−4.442
−4.8127
−12.72
−11.234
−4.6404
−5.706
−15.012
−22.113
−8.9575
−6.9845
−6.8067
−9.2526
−2.5993
2.3806E-18
3.1340E-02
3.8948E-17
1.4161E-05
1.8848E-02
1.4310E-17
2.2255E-02
2.0609E-18
3.1990E-06
3.1019E-05
7.4664E-06
3.1616E-18
2.1080E-17
6.5326E-17
1.5185E-02
8.1130E-06
6.1723E-18
4.8106E-06
8.7271E-06
5.6124E-18
1.4283E-17
1.4205E-02
1.1121E-05
1.5643E-02
1.8629E-17
7.3080E-06
7.9289E-17
1.4903E-17
1.8092E-05
8.1366E-06
8.4427E-06
1.0918E-05
3.5225E-18
3.2220E-06
1.0883E-17
1.3288E-17
1.1489E-05
9.1727E-06
5.6476E-06
6.5333E-06
7.8468E-06
2.0767E-17
1.8114E-17
2.1702E-17
2.8791E-17
3.0363E-18
9.5103E-18
4.5000E-17
8.3307E-06
4.4629E-18
1.9443E-17
1.1767E-17
2.2725E-02
1.3703E-05
1.3413E-05
2.0129E-17
4.7778E-17
6.6666E-06
6.0508E-06
6
1
6
2
1
6
1
6
2
2
2
6
6
6
1
2
6
2
2
6
6
1
2
1
6
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
6
6
6
1
2
2
6
6
2
2
185.15
158.97
259.83
189.79
187.68
227.15
177.95
407.95
288.15
90.69
175.47
301.15
175.15
170.45
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
193
155.95
135.58
139.39
160.15
157.48
175.3
183.45
187.35
139.05
146.58
299.15
280.15
269.15
130.73
146.62
115
182.55
160
186.48
167.23
174.15
150
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240
119.55
176
113.54
298.97
132.81
185.65
133.97
160.17
116.34
2.95E+04
1.35E+04
1.87E+04
3.37E+02
2.29E+04
7.82E−02
7.73E+00
7.03E+01
5.86E+01
1.17E+04
1.11E−01
2.86E+01
1.02E+00
4.15E+02
4.07E+00
1.77E+02
1.81E+00
7.28E−01
1.21E−04
6.94E−05
8.67E−09
2.05E−02
1.94E−02
2.92E+00
2.99E−02
4.61E−03
4.36E+01
1.34E−01
4.12E−01
1.52E−04
2.57E+02
4.56E+01
1.62E+01
2.25E−04
3.98E−03
2.12E−06
2.58E+01
7.85E+00
1.39E+00
2.25E−01
6.88E+00
2.13E−02
6.99E−02
7.28E+03
3.32E−03
2.95E−01
1.80E−01
3.15E+00
1.91E+01
4.19E−04
2.07E−05
6.33E−02
1.21E−02
5.88E+03
6.45E−01
6.34E−01
2.90E−03
4.26E−03
1.43E+01
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
805
662
190.56
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
442
572.1
686
614
617
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
8.463E+06
8.356E+06
5.353E+06
6.487E+06
8.999E+06
3.683E+06
4.540E+06
5.652E+06
4.812E+06
4.590E+06
8.146E+06
4.997E+06
4.695E+06
5.619E+06
4.277E+06
7.414E+06
3.590E+06
3.831E+06
3.366E+06
3.887E+06
3.916E+06
3.465E+06
3.394E+06
4.469E+06
3.377E+06
3.464E+06
4.199E+06
3.480E+06
4.170E+06
3.486E+06
3.994E+06
3.808E+06
3.767E+06
3.759E+06
4.130E+06
4.129E+06
3.964E+06
4.433E+06
4.120E+06
4.261E+06
5.983E+06
3.416E+06
3.272E+06
5.480E+06
3.764E+06
3.792E+06
4.022E+06
7.231E+06
3.674E+06
2.545E+06
3.044E+06
3.041E+06
3.630E+06
3.957E+06
4.004E+06
4.028E+06
3.802E+06
3.972E+06
4.702E+06
2-59
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
56.485
57.1511
51.085
62.964
29.755
75.632
58.282
68.149
57.278
96.512
72.974
182.54
337.71
109.35
137.6
162.854
146.46
63.313
106.2
114.77
157.68
83.601
96.084
140.16
144.111
133.41
63.775
72.382
74.936
78.368
64.612
122.04
51.245
40.067
135.57
149.58
78.741
101.7
114.748
122.26
84.635
44.286
46.994
58.985
67.309
82.805
137.29
72.958
95.444
86.779
126.5
57.069
59.078
84.6642
96.094
64.268
80.581
54.552
82.699
115.16
58.398
91.379
43.905
−6,954.2
−5,201.7
−4,271
−8,137.5
−271.06
−7,202.3
−1,084.1
−2,257.9
−6,089
−4,045
−2,650
−17,897
−18,506
−9,030.4
−14,948
−15,205
−13,813
−7,040.4
−10,982
−9,430.8
−16,093
−8,865.8
−7,900.2
−14,813
−13,667
−12,630
−7,711.3
−8,054.8
−7,155.9
−8,855.4
−6,802.5
−16,050
−1,200.2
−2,204.8
−13,478
−8,890
−5,420.3
−10,955
−10,643
−10,774
−7,078.4
−5,415.1
−4,289.5
−6,193.1
−6,880.8
−5,683.8
−7,447.1
−10,943
−10,113
−8,101.8
−12,551
−3,682.7
−3,492.6
−8,307.2
−8,575.4
−7,298.9
−5,896.1
−7,149.4
−6,703.5
−8,433.9
−5,312.7
−8,276.8
−3,097.8
−4.7889
−5.1429
−4.307
−5.6317
−2.6081
−7.6464
−8.3144
−8.9118
−4.9821
−12.277
−8.261
−22.498
−50.224
−12.882
−15.618
−19.424
−17.158
−5.8055
−11.696
−13.631
−18.954
−8.5711
−11.003
−16.004
−16.826
−15.369
−5.7359
−7.0002
−7.5843
−7.8202
−6.0261
−12.986
−6.4361
−2.9351
−16.022
−20.697
−8.8253
−10.829
−12.858
−13.943
−9.3
−3.0913
−3.7345
−5.2746
−6.4449
−9.4301
−19.01
−6.7902
−10.09
−9.5303
−15.002
−5.5662
−6.0669
−8.5767
−10.292
−5.9109
−8.9301
−4.2769
−9.1506
−13.934
−5.2876
−10.176
−3.4425
2.7753E-18
1.6529E-17
3.0530E-17
2.2675E-18
5.2700E-04
1.8250E-17
4.4127E-02
2.3233E-02
1.2154E-17
2.8860E-05
9.7000E-15
7.4008E-06
4.7345E-02
7.8544E-06
5.5660E-18
1.0722E-17
8.6279E-40
7.5753E-18
8.8955E-18
8.1918E-06
5.9272E-06
7.9446E-18
7.1802E-06
6.4239E-18
9.3666E-18
2.9939E-41
3.0902E-18
5.8276E-18
1.7106E-17
5.6629E-18
1.1013E-17
2.0871E-18
2.8405E-02
7.7520E-16
5.6136E-06
2.2101E-02
9.6171E-06
7.1880E-18
1.2491E-17
1.0700E-42
6.2702E-06
1.8580E-18
2.5424E-17
7.3986E-18
1.0148E-17
1.0767E-05
2.1415E-02
1.0850E-18
6.7603E-18
6.1367E-06
7.7521E-06
6.5133E-06
1.0919E-05
7.5091E-18
1.6665E-17
4.8482E-18
8.2236E-06
1.1843E-18
7.5424E-06
1.0346E-05
1.9913E-06
5.6240E-06
9.9989E-17
6
6
6
6
2
6
1
1
6
2
6
2
1
2
6
6
14
6
6
2
2
6
2
6
6
14
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
6
2
1
2
6
6
15
2
6
6
6
6
2
1
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
2
6
2
2
2
2
6
249.95
164.55
151.15
353.43
24.56
183.63
63.15
66.46
244.6
182.3
109.5
305.04
255.15
219.66
285.55
268.15
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
246
216.38
289.65
257.65
241.55
252.85
255.55
171.45
223.95
193.55
462.65
54.36
80.15
283.07
182
143.42
239.15
195.56
200
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
167.45
163.83
372.38
314.06
243.15
404.15
136.87
85.47
146.95
185.26
199
170
252.45
180.26
178.15
188.36
173.55
87.89
9.23E+00
4.93E−01
3.37E+00
9.91E+02
4.38E+04
3.18E-02
1.25E+04
1.86E−01
1.47E+02
8.69E+04
2.20E+04
1.59E−02
3.42E−01
4.31E−01
4.71E−02
8.55E−02
4.32E−03
2.04E−02
1.47E−01
4.50E−01
3.39E−02
1.46E+00
2.11E+00
1.83E−01
9.60E−02
4.04E−02
4.68E+00
7.84E+00
2.98E−03
3.05E−02
1.04E−01
2.15E+03
1.48E+02
7.35E−01
1.29E−01
5.23E−02
6.86E−02
3.28E−02
5.48E−04
4.15E−03
7.52E−01
7.34E+01
3.70E−05
1.77E−03
2.01E−01
2.40E+00
2.05E−01
2.93E+01
1.88E+02
4.33E+00
7.90E+02
1.83E+01
1.68E−04
4.28E−07
1.95E−02
2.48E−02
1.31E+00
1.31E+01
1.69E−01
1.71E−02
1.30E+01
1.81E−04
1.17E−03
654
497.1
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
652.3
629.8
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
804
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
504.4
600.81
564.4
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
3.341E+06
3.285E+06
4.583E+06
4.069E+06
2.665E+06
5.159E+06
3.391E+06
4.500E+06
6.309E+06
7.278E+06
6.516E+06
1.208E+06
2.743E+06
2.305E+06
2.502E+06
2.522E+06
2.551E+06
2.427E+06
2.330E+06
2.620E+06
1.256E+06
2.951E+06
2.467E+06
2.761E+06
2.782E+06
2.754E+06
2.647E+06
2.705E+06
2.663E+06
2.523E+06
2.880E+06
7.060E+06
5.021E+06
5.566E+06
1.474E+06
3.969E+06
3.364E+06
3.589E+06
3.896E+06
3.709E+06
3.706E+06
3.699E+06
3.562E+06
3.537E+06
3.474E+06
4.170E+06
4.020E+06
2.902E+06
6.059E+06
4.063E+06
4.734E+06
5.218E+06
4.214E+06
5.170E+06
4.783E+06
3.130E+06
4.919E+06
4.608E+06
4.191E+06
3.366E+06
4.738E+06
3.202E+06
4.599E+06
2-60
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Concluded)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
104.08
60.43
62.165
212.8
48.651
272.85
105.93
128.65
47.365
29.16
180.99
248.72
110.52
140.47
54.898
137.23
75.881
57.963
93.193
76.945
54.153
137.45
56.55
134.68
78.341
85.301
84.912
83.105
506.33
302
131
182.571
57.406
55.682
91.432
54.571
73.649
85.099
90.405
88.72
−7,535.9
−5,276.9
−5,624
−15,420
−7,289.5
−9,548.9
−8,685.9
−16,958
−4,084.5
−2,383.6
−12,060
−32,238
−14,045
−13,231
−5,305.4
−10,620
−6,910.6
−5,901.5
−7,001.5
−6,729.8
−6,041.8
−12,549
−5,681.9
−6,055.8
−8,019.8
−8,215.9
−6,722.2
−6,903.7
−37,483
−24,324
−11,143
−17,112
−5,702.8
−4,439.3
−5,141.7
−5,561.5
−7,258.2
−7,615.9
−7,955.2
−7,741.2
−12.348
−5.6572
−5.8595
−28.109
−3.4453
−40.089
−12.42
−13.872
−3.6469
−1.1342
−22.839
−30.009
−11.861
−16.859
−4.7627
−17.908
−7.9499
−5.2048
−10.738
−8.179
−4.5383
−16.543
−4.9815
−19.415
−8.1458
−9.2166
−9.5157
−9.1858
−69.22
−40.13
−15.855
−22.125
−5.0307
−5.0136
−10.981
−4.712
−7.3037
−9.3072
−10.086
−9.8693
9.6020E−06
2.6039E−17
2.0597E−17
2.1564E−05
1.0068E−18
6.3699E−15
7.5583E−06
2.1559E−18
1.7990E−17
2
6
6
2
6
6
2
6
6
7.2350E−17
4.7950E−06
2.2121E−18
6.5877E−06
1.4291E−17
1.4506E−02
4.4315E−06
9.1301E−18
8.2308E−06
5.3017E−06
4.9833E−18
7.1275E−06
1.2363E−17
2.8619E−02
3.8971E−06
4.7979E−06
7.2244E−06
6.4703E−06
2.7381E−05
1.7403E−05
8.1871E−06
1.12835E−17
1.1042E−17
1.9650E−17
1.4318E−05
1.0702E−17
4.1653E−06
5.5643E−06
5.9594E−06
6.0770E−06
6
2
6
2
6
1
2
6
2
2
6
2
6
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
2
6
2
2
2
2
180.25
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.65
197.67
223.15
289.95
700.15
329.35
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.99
373.96
234.94
178.18
236.5
267.76
158.45
156.08
247.79
229.33
165.78
172.22
398.4
354
247.57
288.45
180.35
173.15
119.36
178.35
273.16
225.3
247.98
286.41
2.11E−01
9.73E−03
6.51E−02
9.29E−05
1.17E+04
2.21E+05
1.06E+01
8.85E+02
1.67E+03
2.30E+05
2.09E+04
4.57E+03
4.14E−01
2.53E−01
1.96E−01
1.33E−01
1.54E−02
8.69E+04
1.86E+02
4.75E−02
4.47E+01
2.51E−01
1.06E−02
9.92E+00
3.71E+00
6.93E−01
1.71E−02
1.68E−02
8.50E+00
9.36E−01
4.08E−01
1.26E−01
7.06E−01
6.69E+01
1.92E−02
3.54E−01
6.11E+02
3.18E+00
2.18E+01
5.76E+02
538
517
536.6
626
683
259
636
806
430.75
318.69
490.85
1113
857
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
647.096
617
630.3
616.2
4.031E+06
4.752E+06
4.627E+06
6.041E+06
5.925E+06
3.748E+06
3.823E+06
4.727E+06
7.860E+06
3.771E+06
8.192E+06
3.943E+06
2.974E+06
1.569E+06
5.203E+06
3.624E+06
5.117E+06
2.871E+06
5.702E+06
4.080E+06
4.447E+06
1.679E+06
3.037E+06
4.102E+06
3.447E+06
3.212E+06
2.550E+06
2.812E+06
3.410E+06
3.019E+06
1.949E+06
2.120E+06
3.930E+06
4.887E+06
5.750E+06
3.058E+06
2.193E+07
3.528E+06
3.741E+06
3.501E+06
Vapor pressure Ps is calculated by
Ps = exp(C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4T C5)
where Ps is in Pa and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of
AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner,
DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-9
2-61
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm*
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Aluminum
borohydride
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
Ammonia
heavy
Ammonium bromide
carbamate
chloride
cyanide
hydrogen sulfide
iodide
Antimony
tribromide
trichloride
pentachloride
triiodide
trioxide
Argon
Arsenic
Arsenic tribromide
trichloride
trifluoride
pentafluoride
trioxide
Arsine
Barium
Beryllium borohydride
bromide
chloride
iodide
Bismuth
tribromide
trichloride
Diborane hydrobromide
Borine carbonyl
triamine
Boron hydrides
dihydrodecaborane
dihydrodiborane
dihydropentaborane
tetrahydropentaborane
tetrahydrotetraborane
Boron tribromide
trichloride
trifluoride
Bromine
pentafluoride
Cadmium
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
Calcium
Carbon (graphite)
dioxide
disulfide
monoxide
oxyselenide
oxysulfide
selenosulfide
subsulfide
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Cesium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
5
10
20
Al
Al(BH4)3
AlBr3
Al2Cl6
AlF3
AlI3
Al2O3
NH3
ND3
NH4Br
N2H6CO2
NH4Cl
NH4CN
NH4HS
NH4I
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
SbCl5
SbI3
Sb4O6
A
As
AsBr3
AsCl3
AsF3
AsF5
As2O3
AsH3
Ba
Be(BH4)2
BeBr2
BeCl2
BeI2
Bi
BiBr3
BiCl3
B2H5Br
BH3CO
B3N3H6
B10H14
B2H6
B5H9
B5H11
B4H10
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
Br2
BrF5
Cd
CdCl2
CdF2
CdI2
CdO
Ca
C
CO2
CS2
CO
COSe
COS
CSeS
C3S2
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
1749
−3.9
176.1
152.0
1422
294.5
2665
−68.4
−67.4
320.0
26.7
271.5
−0.5
0.0
331.8
1223
203.5
143.3
114.1
303.5
957
−200.5
518
145.2
70.9
13.2
−84.3
332.5
−98.0
1301
58.6
405
411
411
1271
360
343
−29.0
−95.3
+4.0
1844
+11.2
199.8
161.8
1457
322.0
2766
−57.0
−57.0
345.3
37.2
293.2
+9.6
+10.5
355.8
1288
225.7
165.9
1947
28.1
227.0
171.6
1496
354.0
2874
−45.4
−45.4
370.8
48.0
316.5
20.5
21.8
381.0
1364
250.2
192.2
2056
45.9
256.3
180.2
1537
385.5
2977
−33.6
−33.4
396.0
58.3
337.8
31.7
33.3
404.9
1440
275.0
219.0
660
−64.
97.
192.4
1040
333.8
1085
−195.6
548
167.7
89.2
26.7
−75.5
370.0
−87.2
1403
69.0
427
435
435
1319
392
372
−15.4
−85.5
18.5
368.5
1242
−190.6
579
193.6
109.7
41.4
−64.0
412.2
−75.2
1518
79.7
451
461
461
1370
425
405
0.0
−74.8
34.3
401.0
1425
−185.6
610
220.0
130.4
56.3
−52.8
457.2
−62.1
1638
90.0
474
487
487
1420
461
441
+16.3
−64.0
50.6
142.3
−120.9
+9.6
20.1
−28.1
33.5
−32.4
−123.0
+9.3
−4.5
611
797
1486
640
1341
1207
4373
−100.2
−5.1
−205.7
−61.7
−85.9
28.3
109.9
119.7
23.0
−150.7
509
1072
1069
1025
1055
163.8
−111.2
24.6
34.8
−14.0
50.3
−18.9
−115.9
24.3
+9.9
658
847
1561
688
1409
1288
4516
−93.0
+10.4
−201.3
−49.8
−75.0
45.7
130.8
139.7
38.3
−143.6
561
1140
1139
1092
1124
−99.6
40.8
51.2
+0.8
70.0
−3.6
−108.3
41.0
25.7
711
908
1651
742
1484
1388
4660
−85.7
28.0
−196.3
−35.6
−62.7
65.2
−86.5
58.1
67.0
16.1
91.7
+12.7
−100.7
58.2
40.4
765
967
1751
796
1559
1487
4827
−78.2
46.5
−191.3
−21.9
−49.9
85.6
163.5
57.8
−135.5
624
1221
1217
1170
1200
189.5
76.7
−127.7
690
1300
1300
1251
1280
Temperature, °C
Formula
1284
81.3
100.0
1238
178.0
2148
−109.1
1421
−52.2
103.8
116.4
1298
207.7
2306
−97.5
1487
−42.9
118.0
123.8
1324
225.8
2385
−91.9
1555
−32.5
134.0
131.8
1350
244.2
2465
−85.8
1635
−20.9
150.6
139.9
1378
265.0
2549
−79.2
198.3
−26.1
160.4
−50.6
−51.1
210.9
886
93.9
49.2
22.7
163.6
574
−218.2
372
41.8
−11.4
234.5
−10.4
193.8
−35.7
−36.0
247.0
984
126.0
71.4
48.6
203.8
626
−213.9
416
70.6
+11.7
252.0
−2.9
209.8
−28.6
−28.7
263.5
1033
142.7
85.2
61.8
223.5
666
−210.9
437
85.2
+23.5
270.6
+5.3
226.1
−20.9
−20.8
282.8
1084
158.3
100.6
75.8
244.8
729
−207.9
459
101.3
36.0
−117.9
212.5
−142.6
−108.0
242.6
−130.8
984
19.8
325
328
322
1099
261
242
−75.3
−127.3
−45.0
−103.1
259.7
−124.7
1049
28.1
342
346
341
1136
282
264
−66.3
−121.1
−35.3
−98.0
279.2
−117.7
1120
36.8
361
365
361
1177
305
287
−56.4
−114.1
−25.0
290.0
14.0
245.0
−12.6
−12.3
302.8
1141
177.4
117.8
91.0
267.8
812
−204.9
483
118.7
50.0
−2.5
−92.4
299.2
−110.2
1195
46.2
379
384
382
1217
327
311
−45.4
−106.6
−13.2
1684
−13.4
161.7
145.4
1398
277.8
2599
−74.3
−74.0
303.8
19.6
256.2
−7.4
−7.0
316.0
1176
188.1
128.3
101.0
282.5
873
−202.9
498
130.0
58.7
+4.2
−88.5
310.3
−104.8
1240
51.7
390
395
394
1240
340
324
−38.2
−101.9
−5.8
3586
−134.3
−73.8
−222.0
−117.1
−132.4
−47.3
14.0
80.8
−149.5
−40.4
−29.9
−73.1
−20.4
−75.2
−145.4
−32.8
−51.0
455
618
1231
481
1100
926
3828
−124.4
−54.3
−217.2
−102.3
−119.8
−26.5
41.2
90.2
−144.3
−30.7
−19.9
−64.3
−10.1
−66.9
−141.3
−25.0
−41.9
484
656
1286
512
1149
983
3946
−119.5
−44.7
−215.0
−95.0
−113.3
−16.0
54.9
100.0
−138.5
−20.0
−9.2
−54.8
+1.5
−57.9
−136.4
−16.8
−32.0
516
695
1344
546
1200
1046
4069
−114.4
−34.3
−212.8
−86.3
−106.0
−4.4
69.3
−50.0
−184.6
279
748
744
712
738
−30.0
−174.1
341
838
837
798
828
−19.6
−169.3
375
887
884
844
873
−8.2
−164.3
409
938
934
893
923
117.4
−131.6
−8.0
+2.7
−44.3
14.0
−47.8
−131.0
−8.0
−21.0
553
736
1400
584
1257
1111
4196
−108.6
−22.5
−210.0
−76.4
−98.3
+8.6
85.6
96.3
+4.3
−158.8
449
993
989
947
976
127.8
−127.2
−0.4
10.2
−37.4
22.1
−41.2
−127.6
−0.6
−14.0
578
762
1436
608
1295
1152
4273
−104.8
−15.3
−208.1
−70.2
−93.0
17.0
96.0
106.3
12.3
−155.4
474
1026
1023
980
1009
+1.0
289
291
283
1021
−93.3
−139.2
−63.0
60.0
−159.7
−50.2
−90.9
−41.4
−91.5
−154.6
−48.7
−69.3
394
1112
416
1000
*Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947).
2050
−77.7
−74.0
520
36
630.5
96.6
73.4
2.8
167
656
−189.2
814
−18
−5.9
−79.8
312.8
−116.3
850
123
490
405
488
271
218
230
−104.2
−137.0
−58.2
99.6
−169
−47.0
−119.9
−45
−107
−126.8
−7.3
−61.4
320.9
568
520
385
851
−57.5
−110.8
−205.0
−138.8
−75.2
+0.4
90.1
−22.6
−183.7
28.5
636
646
683
621
2-62
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Chlorine
fluoride
trifluoride
monoxide
dioxide
heptoxide
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chromium
carbonyl
oxychloride
Cobalt chloride
nitrosyl tricarbonyl
Columbium fluoride
Copper
Cuprous bromide
chloride
iodide
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
fluoride
Deuterium cyanide
Fluorine
oxide
Germanium bromide
chloride
hydride
Trichlorogermane
Tetramethylgermane
Digermane
Trigermane
Gold
Helium
para-Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
chloride
cyanide
fluoride
iodide
oxide (water)
sulfide
disulfide
selenide
telluride
Iodine
heptafluoride
Iron
pentacarbonyl
Ferric chloride
Ferrous chloride
Krypton
Lead
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
oxide
sulfide
Lithium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
Magnesium
chloride
Manganese
chloride
Mercury
Mercuric bromide
chloride
iodide
Molybdenum
hexafluoride
oxide
5
10
20
Cl2
ClF
ClF3
Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7
HSO3Cl
Cr
Cr(CO)6
CrO2Cl2
CoCl2
Co(CO)3NO
CbF5
Cu
Cu2Br2
Cu2Cl2
Cu2I2
C2N2
CNBr
CNCl
CNF
DCN
F2
F2O
GeBr4
GeCl4
GeH4
GeHCl3
Ge(CH3)4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
Au
He
H2
HBr
HCl
HCN
H2F2
HI
H2O
H2S
HSSH
H2Se
H2Te
I2
IF7
Fe
Fe(CO)5
Fe2Cl6
FeCl2
Kr
Pb
PbBr2
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
PbO
PbS
Li
LiBr
LiCl
LiF
LiI
Mg
MgCl2
Mn
MnCl2
Hg
HgBr2
HgCl2
HgI2
Mo
MoF6
MoO3
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−71.7
−120.8
−34.7
−39.4
−29.4
29.1
105.3
2139
108.0
58.0
843
29.0
148.5
2207
951
960
907
−51.8
22.6
−24.9
−97.0
−17.5
−202.7
−165.8
113.2
27.5
−120.3
26.5
−6.3
−20.3
47.9
2521
−270.3
−257.9
−97.7
−114.0
−17.8
−28.2
−72.1
51.6
−91.6
22.0
−74.2
−45.7
116.5
−31.9
2360
50.3
272.5
842
−171.8
1421
745
784
1080
701
1265
1108
1097
1076
1129
1425
993
909
1142
1792
960
261.7
237.8
237.0
261.8
4109
−8.0
955
−60.2
−114.4
−20.7
−26.5
−17.8
44.6
120.0
2243
121.8
75.2
904
44.4
172.2
2325
1052
1077
1018
−42.6
33.8
−14.1
−89.2
−5.4
−198.3
−159.0
135.4
44.4
−111.2
41.6
+8.8
−4.7
67.0
2657
−269.8
−256.3
−88.1
−105.2
−5.3
−13.2
−60.3
66.5
−82.3
35.3
−65.2
−32.4
137.3
−20.7
2475
68.0
285.0
897
−165.9
1519
796
833
1144
750
1330
1160
1178
1147
1203
1503
1049
967
1223
1900
1028
290.7
262.7
256.5
291.0
4322
+4.1
1014
−47.3
−107.0
−4.9
−12.5
−4.0
62.2
136.1
2361
137.2
95.2
974
62.0
198.0
2465
1189
1249
1158
−33.0
46.0
−2.3
−80.5
+10.0
−193.2
−151.9
161.6
63.8
−100.2
58.3
26.0
+13.3
88.6
2807
−269.3
−254.5
−78.0
−95.3
+10.2
+2.5
−48.3
83.0
−71.8
49.6
−53.6
−17.2
159.8
−8.3
2605
86.1
298.0
961
−159.0
1630
856
893
1219
807
1402
1221
1273
1226
1290
1591
1110
1034
1316
2029
1108
323.0
290.0
275.5
324.2
4553
17.2
1082
−33.8
−100.5
+11.5
+2.2
+11.1
78.8
151.0
2482
151.0
117.1
1050
80.0
225.0
2595
1355
1490
1336
−21.0
61.5
+13.1
−72.6
26.2
−187.9
−144.6
189.0
84.0
−88.9
75.0
44.0
31.5
110.8
2966
−268.6
−252.5
−66.5
−84.8
25.9
19.7
−35.1
100.0
−60.4
64.0
−41.1
−2.0
183.0
+4.0
2735
105.0
319.0
1026
−152.0
1744
914
954
1293
872
1472
1281
1372
1310
1382
1681
1171
1107
1418
2151
1190
357.0
319.0
304.0
354.0
4804
36.0
1151
−100.7
−145
−83
−116
−59
−91
−80
1615
Temperature, °C
Formula
−118.0
−98.5
−106.7
−143.4
−80.4
−81.6
−45.3
32.0
1616
36.0
−18.4
−23.8
53.5
1768
58.0
+3.2
1628
572
546
−95.8
−35.7
−76.7
−134.4
−68.9
−223.0
−196.1
−45.0
−163.0
−41.3
−73.2
−88.7
−36.9
1869
−271.7
−263.3
−138.8
−150.8
−71.0
−123.3
−17.3
−134.3
−43.2
−115.3
−96.4
38.7
−87.0
1787
194.0
−199.3
973
513
547
479
943
852
723
748
783
1047
723
621
778
1292
126.2
136.5
136.2
157.5
3102
−65.5
734
1795
666
645
610
−83.2
−18.3
−61.4
−123.8
−54.0
−216.9
−186.6
43.3
−24.9
−151.0
−22.3
−54.6
−69.8
−12.8
2059
−271.5
−261.9
−127.4
−140.7
−55.3
−74.7
−109.6
+1.2
−122.4
−24.4
−103.4
−82.4
62.2
−70.7
1957
−6.5
221.8
−191.3
1099
578
615
861
540
1039
928
838
840
880
1156
802
702
877
1434
736
164.8
165.3
166.0
189.2
3393
−49.0
785
−101.6
−139.0
−71.8
−73.1
−59.0
−13.2
64.0
1845
68.3
13.8
−93.3
−134.3
−62.3
−64.3
−51.2
−2.1
75.3
1928
79.5
25.7
86.3
1879
718
702
656
−76.8
−10.0
−53.8
−118.5
−46.7
−214.1
−182.3
56.8
−15.0
−145.3
−13.0
−45.2
−60.1
−0.9
2154
−271.3
−261.3
−121.8
−135.6
−47.7
−65.8
−102.3
11.2
−116.3
−15.2
−97.9
−75.4
73.2
−63.0
2039
+4.6
235.5
700
−187.2
1162
610
648
904
571
1085
975
881
888
932
1211
841
743
930
1505
778
184.0
179.8
180.2
204.5
3535
−40.8
814
−1.3
103.0
1970
777
766
716
−70.1
−1.0
−46.1
−112.8
−38.8
−211.0
−177.8
71.8
−4.1
−139.2
−3.0
−35.0
−49.9
+11.8
2256
−271.1
−260.4
−115.4
−130.0
−39.7
−56.0
−94.5
22.1
−109.7
−5.1
−91.8
−67.8
84.7
−54.5
2128
16.7
246.0
737
−182.9
1234
646
684
950
605
1134
1005
940
939
987
1270
883
789
988
1583
825
204.6
194.3
195.8
220.0
3690
−32.0
851
−84.5
−128.8
−51.3
−54.3
−42.8
+10.3
87.6
2013
91.2
38.5
770
+11.0
121.5
2067
844
838
786
−62.7
+8.6
−37.5
−106.4
−30.1
−207.7
−173.0
88.1
+8.0
−131.6
+8.8
−23.4
−38.2
26.3
2363
−270.7
−259.6
−108.3
−123.8
−30.9
−45.0
−85.6
34.0
−102.3
+6.0
−84.7
−59.1
97.5
−45.3
2224
30.3
256.8
779
−178.4
1309
686
725
1003
644
1189
1048
1003
994
1045
1333
927
838
1050
1666
879
228.8
211.5
212.5
238.2
3859
−22.1
892
−79.0
−125.3
−44.1
−48.0
−37.2
+18.2
95.2
2067
98.3
46.7
801
18.5
133.2
2127
887
886
836
−57.9
14.7
−32.1
−102.3
−24.7
−205.6
−170.0
98.8
16.2
−126.7
16.2
−16.2
−30.7
35.5
2431
−270.6
−258.9
−103.8
−119.6
−25.1
−37.9
−79.8
41.5
−97.9
12.8
−80.2
−53.7
105.4
−39.4
2283
39.1
263.7
805
−175.7
1358
711
750
1036
668
1222
1074
1042
1028
1081
1372
955
868
1088
1720
913
242.0
221.0
222.2
249.0
3964
−16.2
917
735
−11
75.5
1083
504
422
605
−34.4
58
−6.5
−12
−223
−223.9
26.1
−49.5
−165
−71.1
−88
−109
−105.6
1063
−259.1
−87.0
−114.3
−13.2
−83.7
−50.9
0.0
−85.5
−89.7
−64
−49.0
112.9
5.5
1535
−21
304
−156.7
327.5
373
501
855
402
890
1114
186
547
614
870
446
651
712
1260
650
−38.9
237
277
259
2622
17
795
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-9
2-63
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Neon
Nickel
carbonyl
chloride
Nitrogen
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen pentoxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitrosyl chloride
fluoride
Osmium tetroxide (yellow)
(white)
Oxygen
Ozone
Phosgene
Phosphorus (yellow)
(violet)
tribromide
trichloride
pentachloride
Phosphine
Phosphonium bromide
chloride
iodide
Phosphorus trioxide
pentoxide
oxychloride
thiobromide
thiochloride
Platinum
Potassium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
iodide
Radon
Rhenium heptoxide
Rubidium
bromide
chloride
fluoride
iodide
Selenium
dioxide
hexafluoride
oxychloride
tetrachloride
Silicon
dioxide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Trichlorofluorosilane
Iodosilane
Diiodosilane
Disiloxan
Trisilane
Trisilazane
Tetrasilane
Octachlorotrisilane
Hexachlorodisiloxane
Hexachlorodisilane
Tribromosilane
Trichlorosilane
Trifluorosilane
Dibromosilane
Difluorosilane
Monobromosilane
Monochlorosilane
Monofluorosilane
Tribromofluorosilane
Dichlorodifluorosilane
Trifluorobromosilane
5
10
20
Ne
Ni
Ni(CO)4
NiCl2
N2
NO
NO2
N2O5
N2O
NOCl
NOF
OsO4
OsO4
O2
O3
COCl2
P
P
PBr3
PCl3
PCl5
PH3
PH4Br
PH4Cl
PH4I
P4O6
P4O10
POCl3
PSBr3
PSCl3
Pt
K
KBr
KCl
KF
KOH
KI
Rn
Re2O7
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
RbF
RbI
Se
SeO2
SeF6
SeOCl2
SeCl4
Si
SiO2
SiCl4
SiF4
SiFCl3
SiH3I
SiH2I2
(SiH3)2O
Si3H8
(SiH3)3N
Si4H10
Si3Cl3
(SiCl3)2O
Si2Cl6
SiHBr3
SiHCl3
SiHF3
SiH2Br2
SiH2F2
SiH3Br
SiH3Cl
SiH3F
SiFBr3
SiF2Cl2
SiF3Br
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−251.0
2364
−6.0
866
−209.7
−166.0
−14.7
7.4
−110.3
−46.3
−88.8
71.5
71.5
−198.8
−141.0
−35.6
197.3
349
103.6
21.0
117.0
−118.8
7.4
−52.0
29.3
108.3
510
47.4
126.3
63.8
3714
586
1137
1164
1245
1064
1080
−99.0
289.0
514
1114
1133
1168
1072
554
258.0
−73.9
118.0
147.5
2083
1969
+5.4
−113.3
−33.2
−4.4
79.4
−55.9
+1.6
−1.1
47.4
146.0
75.4
85.4
51.6
−16.4
−118.7
14.1
−107.3
−42.3
−68.5
−122.4
28.6
−70.3
−249.7
2473
+8.8
904
−205.6
−162.3
−5.0
15.6
−103.6
−34.0
−79.2
89.5
89.5
−194.0
−132.6
−22.3
222.7
370
125.2
37.6
131.3
−109.4
17.6
−44.0
39.9
129.0
532
65.0
141.8
82.0
3923
643
1212
1239
1323
1142
1152
−87.7
307.0
563
1186
1207
1239
1141
594
277.0
−64.8
134.6
161.0
2151
2053
21.0
−170.2
−19.3
+10.7
101.8
−43.5
17.8
+14.0
63.6
166.2
92.5
102.2
70.2
−1.8
−111.3
31.6
−98.3
−28.6
−57.0
−115.2
45.7
−58.0
−69.8
−248.1
2603
25.8
945
−200.9
−156.8
+8.0
24.4
−96.2
−20.3
−68.2
109.3
109.3
−188.8
−122.5
−7.6
251.0
391
149.7
56.9
147.2
−98.3
28.0
−35.4
51.6
150.3
556
84.3
157.8
102.3
4169
708
1297
1322
1411
1233
1238
−75.0
336.0
620
1267
1294
1322
1223
637
297.7
−55.2
151.7
176.4
2220
2141
38.4
−100.7
−4.0
27.9
125.5
−29.3
35.5
31.0
81.7
189.5
113.6
120.6
90.2
+14.5
−102.8
50.7
−87.6
−13.3
−44.5
−106.8
64.6
−45.0
−55.9
−246.0
2732
42.5
987
−195.8
−151.7
21.0
32.4
−85.5
−6.4
−56.0
130.0
130.0
−183.1
−111.1
+8.3
280.0
417
175.3
74.2
162.0
−87.5
38.3
−27.0
62.3
173.1
591
105.1
175.0
124.0
4407
774
1383
1407
1502
1327
1324
−61.8
362.4
679
1352
1381
1408
1304
680
317.0
−45.8
168.0
191.5
2287
2227
56.8
−94.8
+12.2
45.4
149.5
−15.4
53.1
48.7
100.0
211.4
135.6
139.0
111.8
31.8
−95.0
70.5
−77.8
+2.4
−30.4
−98.0
83.8
−31.8
−41.7
−248.7
1452
−25
1001
−210.0
−161
−9.3
30
−90.9
−64.5
−134
56
42
−218.7
−251
−104
44.1
590
−40
−111.8
Temperature, °C
Formula
−257.3
1810
−255.5
1979
−254.6
2057
−253.7
2143
671
−226.1
−184.5
−55.6
−36.8
−143.4
731
−221.3
−180.6
−42.7
−23.0
−133.4
759
−219.1
−178.2
−36.7
−16.7
−128.7
789
−216.8
−175.3
−30.4
−10.0
−124.0
−132.0
3.2
−5.6
−219.1
−180.4
−92.9
76.6
237
7.8
−51.6
55.5
−120.3
22.0
+15.6
−213.4
−168.6
−77.0
111.2
271
34.4
−31.5
74.0
−114.3
31.3
26.0
−210.6
−163.2
−69.3
128.0
287
47.8
−21.3
83.2
−107.8
41.0
37.4
−207.5
−157.2
−60.3
146.2
306
62.4
−10.2
92.5
−43.7
−91.0
−25.2
384
−28.5
−79.6
−9.0
39.7
424
50.0
−18.3
2730
341
795
821
885
719
745
−144.2
212.5
297
781
792
921
748
356
157.0
−118.6
34.8
74.0
1724
72.4
+4.6
3007
408
892
919
988
814
840
−132.4
237.5
358
876
887
982
839
413
187.7
−105.2
59.8
96.3
1835
−63.4
−144.0
−92.6
−44.1
−134.8
−76.4
−53.0
3.8
−95.8
−49.7
−49.9
−6.2
74.7
17.8
27.4
−8.0
−62.6
−142.7
−40.0
−136.0
−85.7
−104.3
−145.5
−25.4
−110.5
−21.2
−74.0
−1.1
53.0
442
2.0
83.6
16.1
3146
443
940
968
1039
863
887
−126.3
248.0
389
923
937
1016
884
442
202.5
−98.9
71.9
107.4
1888
1732
−34.4
−130.4
−68.3
−47.7
18.0
−88.2
−40.0
−40.4
+4.3
89.3
29.4
38.8
+3.4
−53.4
−138.2
−29.4
−130.4
−77.3
−97.7
−141.2
−15.1
−102.9
−13.3
−68.0
+7.3
67.8
462
13.6
95.5
29.0
3302
483
994
1020
1096
918
938
−119.2
261.0
422
975
990
1052
935
473
217.5
−92.3
84.2
118.1
1942
1798
−24.0
−125.9
−59.0
−33.4
34.1
−79.8
−29.0
−30.0
15.8
104.2
41.5
51.5
16.0
−43.8
−132.9
−18.0
−124.3
−68.3
−90.1
−136.3
−3.7
−94.5
−112.5
−68.9
−68.7
−27.7
46.3
−5.0
+4.0
−30.5
−80.7
−152.0
−60.9
−146.7
−117.8
−153.0
−46.1
−124.7
−252.6
2234
−23.0
821
−214.0
−171.7
−23.9
−2.9
−118.3
−60.2
−100.3
51.7
50.5
−204.1
−150.7
−50.3
166.7
323
79.0
+2.3
102.5
−129.4
−5.0
−61.5
16.1
84.0
481
27.3
108.0
42.7
3469
524
1050
1078
1156
976
995
−111.3
272.0
459
1031
1047
1096
991
506
234.1
−84.7
98.0
130.1
2000
1867
−12.1
−120.8
−48.8
−21.8
52.6
−70.4
−16.9
−18.5
28.4
121.5
55.2
65.3
30.0
−32.9
−127.3
−5.2
−117.6
−57.8
−81.8
−130.8
+9.2
−85.0
−251.9
2289
−15.9
840
−212.3
−168.9
−19.9
+1.8
−114.9
−54.2
−95.7
59.4
59.4
−201.9
−146.7
−44.0
179.8
334
89.8
10.2
108.3
−125.0
+0.3
−57.3
21.9
94.2
493
35.8
116.0
51.8
3574
550
1087
1115
1193
1013
1030
−106.2
280.0
482
1066
1084
1123
1026
527
244.6
−80.0
106.5
137.8
2036
1911
−4.8
−117.5
−42.2
−14.3
64.0
−64.2
−9.0
−11.0
36.6
132.0
63.8
73.9
39.2
−25.8
−123.7
+3.2
−113.3
−51.1
−76.0
−127.2
17.4
−78.6
−132.5
−28.5
22.5
569
2
38
−36.2
1755
62.3
730
790
880
380
723
−71
296
38.5
682
715
760
642
217
340
−34.7
8.5
1420
1710
−68.8
−90
−120.8
−57.0
−1.0
−144.2
−117.2
−105.7
−93.6
−33.2
−1.2
−73.5
−126.6
−131.4
−70.2
−93.9
−82.5
−139.7
−70.5
2-64
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Concluded)
Compound
Pressure, mmHg
1
Name
Trifluorochlorosilane
Hexafluorodisilane
Dichlorofluorobromosilane
Dibromochlorofluorosilane
Silane
Disilane
Silver
chloride
iodide
Sodium
bromide
chloride
cyanide
fluoride
hydroxide
iodide
Strontium
Strontium oxide
Sulfur
monochloride
hexafluoride
Sulfuryl chloride
Sulfur dioxide
trioxide (α)
trioxide (β)
trioxide (γ)
Tellurium
chloride
fluoride
Thallium
Thallous bromide
chloride
iodide
Thionyl bromide
Thionyl chloride
Tin
Stannic bromide
Stannous chloride
Stannic chloride
iodide
hydride
Tin tetramethyl
trimethyl-ethyl
trimethyl-propyl
Titanium chloride
Tungsten
Tungsten hexafluoride
Uranium hexafluoride
Vanadyl trichloride
Xenon
Zinc
chloride
fluoride
diethyl
Zirconium bromide
chloride
iodide
5
10
20
SiF3Cl
Si2F6
SiFCl2Br
SiFClBr2
SiH4
Si2H6
Ag
AgCl
AgI
Na
NaBr
NaCl
NaCN
NaF
NaOH
NaI
Sr
SrO
S
S2Cl2
SF6
SO2Cl2
SO2
SO3
SO3
SO3
Te
TeCl4
TeF6
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
TlI
SOBr2
SOCl2
Sn
SnBr4
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnI4
SnH4
Sn(CH3)4
Sn(CH3)3·C2H5
Sn(CH3)3·C3H7
TiCl4
W
WF6
UF6
VOCl3
Xe
Zn
ZnCl2
ZnF2
Zn(C2H5)2
ZrBr4
ZrCl4
ZrI4
40
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
−108.2
−46.7
−29.0
−4.7
−146.3
−66.4
1795
1242
1152
662
1099
1169
1156
1403
1057
1039
1057
−101.7
−41.7
−19.5
+6.3
−140.5
−57.5
1865
1297
1210
701
1148
1220
1214
1455
1111
1083
1111
−91.7
−34.2
−3.2
23.0
−131.6
−44.6
1971
1379
1297
758
1220
1296
1302
1531
1192
1150
1192
−81.0
−26.4
+15.4
43.0
−122.0
−29.0
2090
1467
1400
823
1304
1379
1401
1617
1286
1225
1285
−70.0
−18.9
35.4
59.5
−111.5
−14.3
2212
1564
1506
892
1392
1465
1497
1704
1378
1304
1384
305.5
63.2
−96.8
+7.2
−54.6
+4.0
8.0
21.4
789
287
−73.8
1143
621
612
631
68.3
10.4
1903
116.2
467
43.5
234.2
−96.6
11.7
38.4
57.5
58.0
5007
−27.5
10.4
49.8
−137.7
700
584
1207
47.2
289
268
355
327.2
75.3
−90.9
17.8
−46.9
10.5
14.3
28.0
838
304
−67.9
1196
653
645
663
80.6
21.4
1968
131.0
493
54.7
254.2
−89.2
22.8
50.0
69.8
71.0
5168
−20.3
18.2
62.5
−132.8
736
610
1254
59.1
301
279
369
359.7
93.5
−82.3
33.7
−35.4
20.5
23.7
35.8
910
330
−57.3
1274
703
694
712
99.0
37.9
2063
152.8
533
72.0
283.5
−78.0
39.8
67.3
88.0
90.5
5403
−10.0
30.0
82.0
−125.4
788
648
1329
77.0
318
295
389
399.6
115.4
−72.6
51.3
−23.0
32.6
32.6
44.0
997
360
−48.2
1364
759
748
763
119.2
56.5
2169
177.7
577
92.1
315.5
−65.2
58.5
87.6
109.6
112.7
5666
+1.2
42.7
103.5
−117.1
844
689
1417
97.3
337
312
409
444.6
138.0
−63.5
69.2
−10.0
44.8
44.8
51.6
1087
392
−38.6
1457
819
807
823
139.5
75.4
2270
204.7
623
113.0
348.0
−52.3
78.0
108.8
131.7
136.0
5927
17.3
55.7
127.2
−108.0
907
732
1497
118.0
357
331
431
−142
−18.6
−112.3
−99.3
−185
−132.6
960.5
455
552
97.5
755
800
564
992
318
651
800
2430
112.8
−80
−50.2
−54.1
−73.2
16.8
32.3
62.1
452
224
−37.8
3035
460
430
440
−52.2
−104.5
231.9
31.0
246.8
−30.2
144.5
−149.9
60
Temperature, °C
Formula
−144.0
−81.0
−86.5
−65.2
−179.3
−114.8
1357
912
820
439
806
865
817
1077
739
767
2068
183.8
−7.4
−132.7
−95.5
−39.0
−34.0
−15.3
520
−111.3
825
440
−6.7
−52.9
1492
316
−22.7
−140.0
−51.3
−30.0
−12.0
−13.9
3990
−71.4
−38.8
−23.2
−168.5
487
428
970
−22.4
207
190
264
−133.0
−68.8
−68.4
−45.5
−168.6
−99.3
1500
1019
927
511
903
967
928
1186
843
857
847
2198
223.0
+15.7
−120.6
−35.1
−83.0
−23.7
−19.2
−2.0
605
−98.8
931
490
487
502
+18.4
−32.4
1634
58.3
366
−1.0
156.0
−125.8
−31.0
−7.6
+10.7
+9.4
4337
−56.5
−22.0
+0.2
−158.2
558
481
1055
0.0
237
217
297
−127.0
−63.1
−59.0
−35.6
−163.0
−91.4
1575
1074
983
549
952
1017
983
1240
897
903
898
2262
243.8
27.5
−114.7
−24.8
−76.8
−16.5
−12.3
+4.3
650
233
−92.4
983
522
517
531
31.0
−21.9
1703
72.7
391
+10.0
175.8
−118.5
−20.6
+3.8
21.8
21.3
4507
−49.2
−13.8
12.2
−152.8
593
508
1086
+11.7
250
230
311
−120.5
−57.0
−48.8
−24.5
−156.9
−82.7
1658
1134
1045
589
1005
1072
1046
1300
953
952
953
2333
264.7
40.0
−108.4
−13.4
−69.7
−9.1
−4.9
11.1
697
253
−86.0
1040
559
550
567
44.1
−10.5
1777
88.1
420
22.0
196.2
−111.2
−9.3
16.1
34.0
34.2
4690
−41.5
−5.2
26.6
−147.1
632
536
1129
24.2
266
243
329
−112.8
−50.6
−37.0
−12.0
−150.3
−72.8
1743
1200
1111
633
1063
1131
1115
1363
1017
1005
1018
2410
288.3
54.1
−101.5
−1.0
−60.5
−1.0
+3.2
17.9
753
273
−78.4
1103
598
589
607
58.8
+2.2
1855
105.5
450
35.2
218.8
−102.3
+3.5
30.0
48.5
48.4
4886
−33.0
+4.4
40.0
−141.2
673
566
1175
38.0
281
259
344
−30
3370
−0.5
69.2
−111.6
419.4
365
872
−28
450
437
499
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-65
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm*
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
1
Name
Formula
Acenaphthalene
Acetal
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetanilide
Acetic acid
anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetyl chloride
Acetylene
Acridine
Acrolein (2-propenal)
Acrylic acid
Adipic acid
Allene (propadiene)
Allyl alcohol (propen-1-ol-3)
chloride (3-chloropropene)
isopropyl ether
isothiocyanate
n-propyl ether
4-Allylveratrole
iso-Amyl acetate
n-Amyl alcohol
iso-Amyl alcohol
sec-Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol)
tert-Amyl alcohol
sec-Amylbenzene
iso-Amyl benzoate
bromide (1-bromo-3-methylbutane)
n-butyrate
formate
iodide (1-iodo-3-methylbutane)
isobutyrate
Amyl isopropionate
iso-Amyl isovalerate
n-Amyl levulinate
iso-Amyl levulinate
nitrate
4-tert-Amylphenol
Anethole
Angelonitrile
Aniline
2-Anilinoethanol
Anisaldehyde
o-Anisidine (2-methoxyaniline)
Anthracene
Anthraquinone
Azelaic acid
Azelaldehyde
Azobenzene
Benzal chloride (α,α-Dichlorotoluene)
Benzaldehyde
Benzanthrone
Benzene
Benzenesulfonylchloride
Benzil
Benzoic acid
anhydride
Benzoin
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzotrichloride (α,α,α-Trichlorotoluene)
Benzotrifluoride (α,α,α-Trifluorotoluene)
Benzoyl bromide
chloride
nitrile
Benzyl acetate
alcohol
C12H10
C6H14O2
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C8H9NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C8H8O
C2H3OCl
C2H2
C13H9N
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C6H10O4
C3H4
C3H6O
C3H5Cl
C6H12O
C4H5NS
C6H12O
C11H14O2
C7H14O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H12O
C11H16
C12H16O2
C5H11Br
C9H18O2
C6H12O2
C5H11I
C9H18O2
C8H16O2
C10H20O2
C10H18O3
C10H18O3
C5H11NO3
C11H16O
C10H12O
C5H7N
C6H7N
C8H11NO
C8H8O2
C7H9NO
C14H10
C14H8O2
C9H16O4
C9H18O
C12H10N2
C7H6Cl2
C7H6O
C17H10O
C6H6
C6H5ClO2S
C14H10O2
C7H6O2
C14H10O3
C14H12O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H5Cl3
C7H5F3
C7H5BrO
C7H5ClO
C8H5NO
C9H10O2
C7H8O
5
10
20
114.8
−2.3
−65.1
92.0
146.6
+6.3
24.8
−40.5
−26.6
64.0
−35.0
−133.0
165.8
−46.0
27.3
191.0
−108.0
+0.2
−52.0
−23.1
+25.3
−18.2
113.9
+23.7
34.7
30.9
22.1
+7.2
55.8
104.5
+2.1
47.1
+5.4
+21.9
40.1
33.7
54.4
110.0
104.0
28.8
109.8
91.6
+15.0
57.9
134.3
102.6
88.0
173.5
219.4
210.4
58.4
135.7
64.0
50.1
274.5
−19.6
96.5
165.2
119.5
180.0
170.2
55.3
141.7
73.7
−10.3
75.4
59.1
71.7
73.4
80.8
131.2
+8.0
−56.8
105.0
162.0
17.5
36.0
−31.1
−16.3
78.0
−27.6
−128.2
184.0
−36.7
39.0
205.5
−101.0
10.5
−42.9
−12.9
38.3
−7.9
127.0
35.2
44.9
40.8
32.2
17.2
69.2
121.6
13.6
59.9
17.1
34.1
52.8
46.3
68.6
124.0
118.8
40.3
125.5
106.0
28.0
69.4
149.6
117.8
101.7
187.2
234.2
225.5
71.6
151.5
78.7
62.0
297.2
−11.5
112.0
183.0
132.1
198.0
188.1
69.2
157.6
87.6
−0.4
89.8
73.0
85.5
87.6
92.6
148.7
19.6
−47.8
120.0
180.0
29.9
48.3
−20.8
−5.0
92.4
−19.6
−122.8
203.5
−26.3
52.0
222.0
−93.4
21.7
−32.8
−1.8
52.1
+3.7
142.8
47.8
55.8
51.7
42.6
27.9
83.8
139.7
26.1
74.0
30.0
47.6
66.6
60.0
83.8
139.7
134.4
53.5
142.3
121.8
41.0
82.0
165.7
133.5
116.1
201.9
248.3
242.4
85.0
168.3
94.3
75.0
322.5
−2.6
129.0
202.8
146.7
218.0
207.0
83.4
175.8
102.7
12.2
105.4
87.6
100.2
102.3
105.8
40
60
100
200
400
760
197.5
50.1
−22.6
158.0
227.2
63.0
82.2
+7.7
27.0
133.6
+3.2
−107.9
256.0
+2.5
86.1
265.0
−72.5
50.0
−4.5
29.0
89.5
35.8
183.7
83.2
85.8
80.7
70.7
55.3
124.1
186.8
60.4
113.1
65.4
84.4
104.4
97.6
125.1
180.5
177.0
88.6
189.0
164.2
77.5
119.9
209.5
176.7
155.2
250.0
285.0
286.5
123.0
216.0
138.3
112.5
390.0
26.1
174.5
255.8
186.2
270.4
258.0
123.5
224.4
144.3
45.3
147.7
128.0
141.0
144.0
141.7
222.1
66.3
−10.0
178.3
250.5
80.0
100.0
22.7
43.7
154.2
16.1
−100.3
284.0
17.5
103.3
287.8
−61.3
64.5
10.4
44.3
108.0
52.6
204.0
101.3
102.0
95.8
85.7
69.7
145.2
210.2
78.7
133.2
83.2
103.8
124.2
117.3
146.1
203.1
198.1
106.7
213.0
186.1
96.3
140.1
230.6
199.0
175.3
279.0
314.6
309.6
142.1
240.0
160.7
131.7
426.5
42.2
198.0
283.5
205.8
299.1
284.4
144.1
249.8
165.6
62.5
169.2
149.5
161.3
165.5
160.0
250.0
84.0
+4.9
200.0
277.0
99.0
119.8
39.5
62.5
178.0
32.0
−92.0
314.3
34.5
122.0
312.5
−48.5
80.2
27.5
61.7
129.8
71.4
226.2
121.5
119.8
113.7
102.3
85.7
168.0
235.8
99.4
155.3
102.7
125.8
146.0
138.4
169.5
227.4
222.7
126.5
239.5
210.5
117.7
161.9
254.5
223.0
197.3
310.2
346.2
332.8
163.4
266.1
187.0
154.1
277.5
102.2
20.2
222.0
303.8
118.1
139.6
56.5
81.8
202.4
50.8
−84.0
346.0
52.5
141.0
337.5
−35.0
96.6
44.6
79.5
150.7
90.5
248.0
142.0
137.8
130.6
119.7
101.7
193.0
262.0
120.4
178.6
123.3
148.2
168.8
160.2
194.0
253.2
247.9
147.5
266.0
235.3
140.0
184.4
279.6
248.0
218.5
342.0
379.9
356.5
185.0
293.0
214.0
179.0
60.6
224.0
314.3
227.0
328.8
313.5
166.7
276.8
189.2
82.0
193.7
172.8
185.0
189.0
183.0
80.1
251.5
347.0
249.2
360.0
343.0
190.6
305.4
213.5
102.2
218.5
197.2
208.0
213.5
204.7
Temperature, °C
−23.0
−81.5
65.0
114.0
−17.2
1.7
−59.4
−47.0
37.1
−50.0
−142.9
129.4
−64.5
+3.5
159.5
−120.6
−20.0
−70.0
−43.7
−2.0
−39.0
85.0
0.0
+13.6
+10.0
+1.5
−12.9
29.0
72.0
−20.4
21.2
−17.5
−2.5
14.8
+8.5
27.0
81.3
75.6
+5.2
62.6
−8.0
34.8
104.0
73.2
61.0
145.0
190.0
178.3
33.3
103.5
35.4
26.2
225.0
−36.7
65.9
128.4
96.0
143.8
135.6
28.2
108.2
45.8
−32.0
47.0
32.1
44.5
45.0
58.0
168.2
31.9
−37.8
135.8
199.6
43.0
62.1
−9.4
+7.7
109.4
−10.4
−116.7
224.2
−15.0
66.2
240.5
−85.2
33.4
−21.2
+10.9
67.4
16.4
158.3
62.1
68.0
63.4
54.1
38.8
100.0
158.3
39.8
90.0
44.0
62.3
81.8
75.5
100.6
155.8
151.7
67.6
160.3
139.3
55.8
96.7
183.7
150.5
132.0
217.5
264.3
260.0
100.2
187.9
112.1
90.1
350.0
+7.6
147.7
224.5
162.6
239.8
227.6
99.6
195.7
119.8
25.7
122.6
103.8
116.6
119.6
119.8
181.2
39.8
−31.4
145.8
211.8
51.7
70.8
−2.0
15.9
119.8
−4.5
−112.8
238.7
−7.5
75.0
251.0
−78.8
40.3
−14.1
18.7
76.2
25.0
169.6
71.0
75.5
71.0
61.5
46.0
110.4
171.4
48.7
99.8
53.3
71.9
91.7
85.2
110.3
165.2
162.6
76.3
172.6
149.8
65.2
106.0
194.0
161.7
142.1
231.8
273.3
271.8
110.0
199.8
123.4
99.6
368.8
15.4
158.2
238.2
172.8
252.7
241.7
109.8
208.2
130.0
34.0
133.4
114.7
127.0
129.8
129.3
Melting
point,
°C
95
−123.5
81
113.5
16.7
−73
−94.6
−41
20.5
−112.0
−81.5
110.5
−87.7
14
152
−136
−129
−136.4
−80
−117.2
−11.9
93
22.5
−6.2
2.5
5.2
217.5
286
106.5
68
−16.1
−26
174
+5.5
14.5
95
121.7
42
132
−12.9
48.5
−21.2
−29.3
0
−0.5
33.5
−51.5
−15.3
*Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947). For information on fuels see Hibbard, N.A.C.A. Research Mem.
E56I21, 1956. For methane see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
2-66
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Benzylamine
Benzyl bromide (α-bromotoluene)
chloride (α-chlorotoluene)
cinnamate
Benzyldichlorosilane
Benzyl ethyl ether
phenyl ether
isothiocyanate
Biphenyl
1-Biphenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane
d-Bornyl acetate
Bornyl n-butyrate
formate
isobutyrate
propionate
Brassidic acid
Bromoacetic acid
4-Bromoanisole
Bromobenzene
4-Bromobiphenyl
1-Bromo-2-butanol
1-Bromo-2-butanone
cis-1-Bromo-1-butene
trans-1-Bromo-1-butene
2-Bromo-1-butene
cis-2-Bromo-2-butene
trans-2-Bromo-2-butene
1,4-Bromochlorobenzene
1-Bromo-1-chloroethane
1-Bromo-2-chloroethane
2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorophenol
1-Bromo-4-ethyl benzene
(2-Bromoethyl)-benzene
2-Bromoethyl 2-chloroethyl ether
(2-Bromoethyl)-cyclohexane
1-Bromoethylene
Bromoform (tribromomethane)
1-Bromonaphthalene
2-Bromo-4-phenylphenol
3-Bromopyridine
2-Bromotoluene
3-Bromotoluene
4-Bromotoluene
3-Bromo-2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2-Bromo-1,4-xylene
1,2-Butadiene (methyl allene)
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
1,3-Butanediol
1,2,3-Butanetriol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
3-Butenenitrile
iso-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl acrylate
alcohol
iso-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
iso-Butyl amine
n-Butylbenzene
iso-Butylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
iso-Butyl benzoate
n-Butyl bromide (1-bromobutane)
iso-Butyl n-butyrate
carbamate
Butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol
butyl ether)
n-Butyl chloride (1-chlorobutane)
iso-Butyl chloride
1
5
10
20
C7H9N
29.0
C7H7Br
32.2
C7H7Cl
22.0
C16H14O2
173.8
C7H8Cl2Si
45.3
C9H12O
26.0
C13H12O
95.4
C8H7NS
79.5
C12H10
70.6
C15H14O2
135.3
C12H20O2
46.9
C14H24O2
74.0
C11H18O2
47.0
C14H24O2
70.0
C13H22O2
64.6
C22H42O2
209.6
C2H3BrO2
54.7
C7H7BrO
48.8
C6H5Br
+2.9
C12H9Br
98.0
C4H9BrO
23.7
C4H7BrO
+6.2
C4H7Br
−44.0
C4H7Br
−38.4
C4H7Br
−47.3
C4H7Br
−39.0
C4H7Br
−45.0
C6H4BrCl
32.0
C2H4BrCl
−36.0
C2H4BrCl
−28.8
C6H3BrCl2O
84.0
C8H9Br
30.4
C8H9Br
48.0
C4H8BrClO
36.5
C8H15Br
38.7
C2H3Br
−95.4
CHBr3
C10H7Br
84.2
C12H9BrO
100.0
C5H4BrN
16.8
C7H7Br
24.4
C7H7Br
14.8
C7H7Br
10.3
C6H2BrCl3O 112.4
C8H9Br
37.5
C4H6
−89.0
C4H6
−102.8
C4H10
−101.5
C4H10
−109.2
C4H10O2
22.2
C4H10O3
102.0
C4H8
−104.8
C4H8
−96.4
C4H8
−99.4
C4H5N
−19.6
C6H12O2
−21.2
C7H12O2
−0.5
C4H10O
−1.2
C4H10O
−9.0
C4H10O
−12.2
C4H10O
−20.4
C4H11N
−50.0
C10H14
22.7
C10H14
14.1
C10H14
18.6
C10H14
13.0
C11H14O2
64.0
C4H9Br
−33.0
C8H16O2
+4.6
C5H11NO2
C8H18O3
70.0
54.8
59.6
47.8
206.3
70.2
52.0
127.7
107.8
101.8
169.9
75.7
103.4
74.8
99.8
93.7
241.7
81.6
77.8
27.8
133.7
45.4
30.0
−23.2
−17.0
−27.0
−17.9
−24.1
59.5
−18.0
−7.0
115.6
42.5
76.2
63.2
66.6
−77.8
22.0
117.5
135.4
42.0
49.7
50.8
47.5
146.2
65.0
−72.7
−87.6
−85.7
−94.1
67.5
132.0
−89.4
−81.1
−84.0
+2.9
+1.4
+23.5
+20.0
+11.6
+7.2
−3.0
−31.0
48.8
40.5
44.2
39.0
93.6
−11.2
30.0
83.7
95.7
67.7
73.4
60.8
221.5
83.2
65.0
144.0
121.8
117.0
187.2
90.2
118.0
89.3
114.0
108.0
256.0
94.1
91.9
40.0
150.6
55.8
41.8
−12.8
−6.4
−16.8
−7.2
−13.8
72.7
−9.4
+4.1
130.8
74.0
90.5
76.3
80.5
−68.8
34.0
133.6
152.3
55.2
62.3
64.0
61.1
163.2
78.8
−64.2
−79.7
−77.8
−86.4
85.3
146.0
−81.6
−73.4
−76.3
14.1
12.8
35.5
30.2
21.7
16.9
+5.5
−21.0
62.0
53.7
57.0
51.7
108.6
−0.3
42.2
96.4
107.8
81.8
88.3
75.0
239.3
96.7
79.6
160.7
137.0
134.2
205.8
106.0
133.8
104.0
130.0
123.7
272.9
108.2
107.8
53.8
169.8
67.2
54.2
−1.4
+5.4
−5.3
+4.6
−2.4
87.8
0.0
16.0
147.7
90.2
105.8
90.8
95.8
−58.8
48.0
150.2
171.8
69.1
76.0
78.1
75.2
181.8
94.0
−54.9
−71.0
−68.9
−77.9
100.0
161.0
−73.0
−64.6
−67.5
26.6
25.5
48.6
41.5
32.4
27.3
14.3
−10.3
76.3
67.8
70.6
65.6
124.2
+11.6
56.1
110.1
120.5
97.3
104.8
90.7
255.8
111.8
95.4
180.1
153.0
152.5
226.3
123.7
150.7
121.2
147.2
140.4
290.0
124.0
125.0
68.6
190.8
79.5
68.2
+11.5
18.4
+7.2
17.7
+10.5
103.8
+10.4
29.7
165.8
108.5
123.2
106.6
113.0
−48.1
63.6
170.2
193.8
84.1
91.0
93.9
91.8
200.5
110.6
−44.3
−61.3
−59.1
−68.4
117.4
178.0
−63.4
−54.7
−57.6
40.0
39.2
63.4
53.4
44.1
38.1
24.5
+1.3
92.4
83.3
86.2
80.8
141.8
24.8
71.7
125.3
135.5
−49.0
−53.8
−28.9
−34.3
−18.6
−24.5
−7.4
−13.8
+5.0
−1.9
60
100
200
400
760
107.3
115.6
100.5
267.0
121.3
105.5
192.6
163.8
165.2
239.7
135.7
161.8
131.7
157.6
151.2
301.5
133.8
136.0
78.1
204.5
87.0
77.3
19.8
27.2
15.4
26.2
18.7
114.8
17.0
38.0
177.6
121.0
133.8
116.4
123.7
−41.2
73.4
183.5
207.0
94.1
100.0
104.1
102.3
213.0
121.6
−37.5
−55.1
−52.8
−62.4
127.5
188.0
−57.2
−48.4
−51.3
48.8
48.0
72.6
60.3
51.7
45.2
31.0
8.8
102.6
93.3
96.0
90.6
152.0
33.4
81.3
134.6
146.0
120.0
129.8
114.2
281.5
133.5
118.9
209.2
177.7
180.7
255.0
149.8
176.4
145.8
172.2
165.7
316.2
146.3
150.1
90.8
221.8
97.6
89.2
30.8
38.1
26.3
37.5
29.9
128.0
28.0
49.5
193.2
135.5
148.2
129.8
138.0
−31.9
85.9
198.8
224.5
107.8
112.0
117.8
116.4
229.3
135.7
−28.3
−46.8
−44.2
−54.1
141.2
202.5
−48.9
−39.8
−42.7
60.2
59.7
85.1
70.1
61.5
54.1
39.8
18.8
116.2
107.0
109.5
103.8
166.4
44.7
94.0
147.2
159.8
140.0
150.8
134.0
303.8
152.0
139.6
233.2
198.0
204.2
280.4
172.0
198.0
166.4
194.2
187.5
336.8
165.8
172.7
110.1
248.2
112.1
107.0
47.8
55.7
42.8
54.5
46.5
149.5
44.7
66.8
216.5
156.5
169.8
150.0
160.0
−17.2
106.1
224.2
251.0
127.7
133.6
138.0
137.4
253.0
156.4
−14.2
−33.9
−31.2
−41.5
161.0
222.0
−36.2
−26.8
−29.7
78.0
77.6
104.0
84.3
75.9
67.9
52.7
32.0
136.9
127.2
128.8
123.7
188.2
62.0
113.9
165.7
181.2
161.3
175.2
155.8
326.7
173.0
161.5
259.8
220.4
229.4
309.8
197.5
222.2
190.2
218.2
211.2
359.6
186.7
197.5
132.3
277.7
128.3
126.3
66.8
75.0
61.9
74.0
66.0
172.6
63.4
86.0
242.0
182.0
194.0
172.3
186.2
−1.1
127.9
252.0
280.2
150.0
157.3
160.0
160.2
278.0
181.0
+1.8
−19.3
−16.3
−27.1
183.8
243.5
−21.7
−12.0
−14.8
98.0
97.5
125.2
100.8
91.4
83.9
68.0
50.7
159.2
149.6
150.3
145.8
212.8
81.7
135.7
186.0
205.0
184.5
198.5
179.4
350.0
194.3
185.0
287.0
243.0
254.9
340.0
223.0
247.0
214.0
243.0
235.0
382.5
208.0
223.0
156.2
310.0
145.0
147.0
86.2
94.7
81.0
93.9
85.5
196.9
82.7
106.7
268.0
206.0
219.0
195.8
213.0
+15.8
150.5
281.1
311.0
173.4
181.8
183.7
184.5
305.8
206.7
18.5
−4.5
−0.5
−11.7
206.5
264.0
−6.3
+3.7
+0.9
119.0
118.0
147.4
117.5
108.0
99.5
82.9
68.6
183.1
172.8
173.5
168.5
237.0
101.6
156.9
206.5
231.2
13.0
+5.9
24.0
16.0
40.0
32.0
58.8
50.0
77.8
68.9
Temperature, °C
Formula
C4H9Cl
C4H9Cl
40
Melting
point,
°C
−4
−39
39
69.5
29
61.5
49.5
12.5
−30.7
90.5
−100.3
−133.4
−111.2
−114.6
16.6
−16.6
68
−45.0
−138
8.5
5.5
95
−28
39.8
28.5
+9.5
−108.9
−135
−145
77
−130
−138.9
−105.4
−98.9
−64.6
−79.9
−108
−114.7
25.3
−85.0
−88.0
−51.5
−75.5
−58
−112.4
65
−123.1
−131.2
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-67
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
sec-Butyl chloride (2-Chlorobutane)
tert-Butyl chloride
sec-Butyl chloroacetate
2-tert-Butyl-4-cresol
4-tert-Butyl-2-cresol
iso-Butyl dichloroacetate
2,3-Butylene glycol (2,3-butanediol)
2-Butyl-2-ethylbutane-1,3-diol
2-tert-Butyl-4-ethylphenol
n-Butyl formate
iso-Butyl formate
sec-Butyl formate
sec-Butyl glycolate
iso-Butyl iodide (1-iodo-2-methylpropane)
isobutyrate
isovalerate
levulinate
naphthylketone (1-isovaleronaphthone)
2-sec-Butylphenol
2-tert-Butylphenol
4-iso-Butylphenol
4-sec-Butylphenol
4-tert-Butylphenol
2-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)ethyl acetate
4-tert-Butylphenyl dichlorophosphate
C4H9Cl
C4H9Cl
C6H11ClO2
C11H16O
C11H16O
C6H10Cl2O2
C4H10O2
C10H22O2
C12H15O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C6H12O3
C4H9I
C8H16O2
C9H18O2
C9H16O3
C15H16O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H14O
C14H20O3
C10H13Cl2
O2P
C11H14O
C7H14O2
C12H18O
C12H18O
C12H18O
C12H18O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C4H7N
C11H14O
C10H16
C10H16O2
C10H16O
C10H19N
C10H20O
C10H20O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C6H10O2
C6H11N
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O2
C8H15N
C12H9N
CO2
CS2
CO
COSe
COS
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
C10H14O
C10H14O
C10H12O2
C2HCl3O
C2H3Cl3O2
tert-Butyl phenyl ketone (pivalophenone)
iso-Butyl propionate
4-tert-Butyl-2,5-xylenol
4-tert-Butyl-2,6-xylenol
6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol
6-tert-Butyl-3,4-xylenol
Butyric acid
iso-Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
iso-Valerophenone
Camphene
Campholenic acid
d-Camphor
Camphylamine
Capraldehyde
Capric acid
n-Caproic acid
iso-Caproic acid
iso-Caprolactone
Capronitrile
Capryl alcohol (2-octanol)
Caprylaldehyde
Caprylic acid (octanoic acid)
Caprylonitrile
Carbazole
Carbon dioxide
disulfide
monoxide
oxyselenide (carbonyl selenide)
oxysulfide (carbonyl sulfide)
tetrabromide
tetrachloride
tetrafluoride
Carvacrol
Carvone
Chavibetol
Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde)
hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde
hydrate)
Chloranil
Chloroacetic acid
anhydride
2-Chloroaniline
3-Chloroaniline
4-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
2-Chlorobenzotrichloride
(2-α,α,α-tetrachlorotoluene)
1
5
10
20
−60.2
−39.8
−29.2
−17.7
17.0
70.0
74.3
28.6
44.0
94.1
76.3
−26.4
−32.7
−34.4
28.3
−17.0
+4.1
16.0
65.0
136.0
57.4
56.6
72.1
71.4
70.0
118.0
96.0
41.8
98.0
103.7
54.3
68.4
122.6
106.2
−4.7
−11.4
−13.3
53.6
+5.8
28.0
41.2
92.1
167.9
86.0
84.2
100.9
100.5
99.2
150.0
129.6
54.6
112.0
118.0
67.5
80.3
136.8
121.0
+6.1
−0.8
−3.1
66.0
17.0
39.9
53.8
105.9
184.0
100.8
98.1
115.5
114.8
114.0
165.8
146.0
57.8
−2.3
88.2
74.0
70.3
83.9
25.5
14.7
−20.0
58.3
85.7
+20.9
119.8
103.9
100.2
113.6
49.8
39.3
+2.1
87.0
97.6
41.5
45.3
51.9
125.0
71.4
66.2
38.3
9.2
32.8
73.4
92.3
43.0
40
60
100
200
400
760
50.0
32.6
146.0
210.0
221.8
160.0
164.0
233.5
223.8
86.2
79.0
75.2
155.6
100.3
126.3
146.4
205.5
294.0
203.8
196.3
214.7
217.6
214.0
277.6
268.2
68.0
51.0
167.8
232.6
247.0
183.0
182.0
255.0
247.8
106.0
98.2
93.6
177.5
120.4
147.5
168.7
229.9
320.0
228.0
219.5
237.0
242.1
238.0
304.4
299.0
Temperature, °C
Melting
point,
°C
68.2
127.2
134.0
81.4
93.4
151.2
137.0
18.0
+11.0
+8.4
79.8
29.8
52.4
67.7
120.2
201.6
116.1
113.0
130.3
130.3
129.5
183.3
164.0
−5.0
−19.0
83.6
143.9
150.8
96.7
107.8
167.8
154.0
31.6
24.1
21.3
94.2
42.8
67.2
82.7
136.2
219.7
133.4
129.2
147.2
147.8
146.0
201.5
184.3
+3.4
−11.4
93.0
153.7
161.7
106.6
116.3
178.0
165.4
39.8
32.4
29.6
104.0
51.8
75.9
92.4
147.0
231.5
143.9
140.0
157.0
157.9
156.0
212.8
197.2
14.2
−1.0
105.5
167.0
176.2
119.8
127.8
191.9
179.0
51.0
43.4
40.2
116.4
63.5
88.0
105.2
160.2
246.7
157.3
153.5
171.2
172.4
170.2
228.0
214.3
31.5
+14.6
124.1
187.8
197.8
139.2
145.6
212.0
200.3
67.9
60.0
56.8
135.5
81.0
106.3
124.8
181.8
269.7
179.7
173.8
192.1
194.3
191.5
250.3
240.0
−131.3
−26.5
125.7
68.6
74.0
78.8
142.0
89.5
83.0
66.4
34.6
57.6
92.0
114.1
67.6
99.0
32.3
135.0
119.0
115.0
127.0
61.5
51.2
13.4
101.4
47.2
139.8
82.3
83.7
92.0
152.2
99.5
94.0
80.3
47.5
70.0
101.2
124.0
80.4
114.3
44.8
151.0
135.0
131.0
143.0
74.0
64.0
25.7
116.8
60.4
153.9
97.5
97.6
106.3
165.0
111.8
107.0
95.7
61.7
83.3
110.2
136.4
94.6
130.4
58.5
169.8
152.2
148.5
159.7
88.0
77.8
38.4
133.8
75.7
170.0
114.0
112.5
122.2
179.9
125.0
120.4
112.3
76.9
98.0
120.0
150.6
110.6
−134.3
−73.8
−222.0
−117.1
−132.4
−124.4
−54.3
−217.2
−102.3
−119.8
−119.5
−44.7
−215.0
−95.0
−113.3
−114.4
−34.3
−212.8
−86.3
−106.0
−50.0
−184.6
70.0
57.4
83.6
−37.8
−9.8
−30.0
−174.1
98.4
86.1
113.3
−16.0
+10.0
−19.6
−169.3
113.2
100.4
127.0
−5.0
19.5
−8.2
−164.3
127.9
116.1
143.2
+7.2
29.2
−108.6
−22.5
−210.0
−76.4
−98.3
96.3
+4.3
−158.8
145.2
133.0
159.8
20.2
39.7
140.8
67.6
180.3
163.6
158.2
170.0
96.5
86.3
47.3
144.6
85.0
180.0
124.0
122.0
132.0
189.8
133.3
129.6
123.2
86.8
107.4
126.0
160.0
121.2
248.2
−104.8
−15.3
−208.1
−70.2
−93.0
106.3
12.3
−155.4
155.3
143.8
170.7
29.1
46.2
154.0
79.5
195.0
176.0
172.0
184.0
108.0
98.0
59.0
158.0
97.9
193.7
138.0
134.6
145.3
200.0
144.0
141.4
137.2
99.8
119.8
133.9
172.2
134.8
265.0
−100.2
−5.1
−205.7
−61.7
−85.9
119.7
23.0
−150.7
169.7
157.3
185.5
40.2
55.0
175.0 197.7 220.0
97.0 116.4 136.8
217.5 241.3 265.3
196.0 217.8 239.8
192.3 214.2 236.5
204.5 226.7 249.5
125.5 144.5 163.5
115.8 134.5 154.5
76.7
96.8 117.5
180.1 204.2 228.0
117.5 138.7 160.5
212.7 234.0 256.0
157.9 182.0 209.2
153.0 173.8 195.0
164.8 186.3 208.5
217.1 240.3 268.4
160.8 181.0 202.0
158.3 181.0 207.7
157.8 182.1 207.0
119.7 141.0 163.7
138.0 157.5 178.5
145.4 156.5 168.5
190.3 213.9 237.5
155.2 179.5 204.5
292.5 323.0 354.8
−93.0 −85.7 −78.2
+10.4
28.0
46.5
−201.3 −196.3 −191.3
−49.8 −35.6 −21.9
−75.0 −62.7 −49.9
139.7 163.5 189.5
38.3
57.8
76.7
−143.6 −135.5 −127.7
191.2 213.8 237.0
179.6 203.5 227.5
206.8 229.8 254.0
57.8
77.5
97.7
68.0
82.1
96.2
C6Cl4O2
C2H3ClO2
C4H4Cl2O3
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H6ClN
C6H5Cl
70.7
43.0
67.2
46.3
63.5
59.3
−13.0
89.3
68.3
94.1
72.3
89.8
87.9
+10.6
97.8
81.0
108.0
84.8
102.0
102.1
22.2
106.4
94.2
122.4
99.2
116.7
117.8
35.3
116.1
109.2
138.2
115.6
133.6
135.0
49.7
122.0
118.3
148.0
125.7
144.1
145.8
58.3
129.5
130.7
159.8
139.5
158.0
159.9
70.7
140.3
149.0
177.8
160.0
179.5
182.3
89.4
151.3
169.0
197.0
183.7
203.5
206.6
110.0
162.6
189.5
217.0
208.8
228.5
230.5
132.2
290
61.2
46
0
−10.4
70.5
−45.2
C7H4Cl4
69.0
101.8
117.9
135.8
155.0
167.8
185.0
208.0
233.0
262.1
28.7
22.5
−95.3
−90.7
−80.7
99
−71
−74
−47
50
178.5
31.5
−1.5
−35
−38.6
16
244.8
−57.5
−110.8
−205.0
−138.8
90.1
−22.6
−183.7
+0.5
−57
51.7
2-68
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
2-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene)
2-Chlorobiphenyl
4-Chlorobiphenyl
α-Chlorocrotonic acid
Chlorodifluoromethane
Chlorodimethylphenylsilane
1-Chloro-2-ethoxybenzene
2-(2-Chloroethoxy) ethanol
bis-2-Chloroethyl acetacetal
1-Chloro-2-ethylbenzene
1-Chloro-3-ethylbenzene
1-Chloro-4-ethylbenzene
2-Chloroethyl chloroacetate
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloroisopropyl ether
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloropropyl ether
2-Chloroethyl α-methylbenzyl ether
Chloroform (trichloromethane)
1-Chloronaphthalene
4-Chlorophenethyl alcohol
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol
2-Chloro-3-phenylphenol
2-Chloro-6-phenylphenol
Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane)
1-Chloropropene
2-Chloropyridine
3-Chlorostyrene
4-Chlorostyrene
1-Chlorotetradecane
2-Chlorotoluene
3-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Chlorotriethylsilane
1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene
Chlorotrifluoromethane
Chlorotrimethylsilane
trans-Cinnamic acid
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamylaldehyde
Citraconic anhydride
cis-α-Citral
d-Citronellal
Citronellic acid
Citronellol
Citronellyl acetate
Coumarin
o-Cresol (2-cresol; 2-methylphenol)
m-Cresol (3-cresol; 3-methylphenol)
p-Cresol (4-cresol; 4-methylphenol)
cis-Crotonic acid
trans-Crotonic acid
cis-Crotononitrile
trans-Crotononitrile
Cumene
4-Cumidene
Cuminal
Cuminyl alcohol
2-Cyano-2-n-butyl acetate
Cyanogen
bromide
chloride
iodide
Cyclobutane
Cyclobutene
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexaneethanol
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Cyclopentane
Cyclopropane
Cymene
1
5
10
20
60
100
200
400
760
88.3
197.0
212.5
155.9
−76.4
124.7
141.8
139.5
150.7
110.0
113.6
116.0
140.0
115.8
125.6
164.8
10.4
180.4
188.1
106.0
143.0
150.0
237.0
237.1
53.8
−15.1
104.6
121.2
122.0
215.5
94.7
96.3
96.6
82.3
−66.7
−111.7
+6.0
232.4
177.8
177.7
145.4
160.0
140.1
195.4
159.8
161.0
216.5
127.4
138.0
140.0
116.3
128.0
50.1
62.8
88.1
158.0
160.0
176.2
133.8
−51.8
22.6
−24.9
97.6
−32.8
−41.2
25.5
142.7
103.7
90.4
229.0
−1.3
−70.0
110.8
108.3
219.6
237.8
173.8
−65.8
145.5
162.0
157.2
169.8
130.2
133.8
137.0
159.8
135.7
146.3
186.3
25.9
204.2
210.0
126.4
164.8
172.0
261.3
261.6
71.8
+1.3
125.0
142.2
143.5
240.3
115.0
116.6
117.1
101.6
−55.0
−102.5
21.9
253.3
199.8
199.3
165.8
181.8
160.0
214.5
179.8
178.8
240.0
146.7
157.3
157.3
133.9
146.0
68.0
81.1
107.3
180.0
182.8
197.9
152.2
−42.6
33.8
−14.1
111.5
−18.9
−27.8
42.0
161.7
121.7
110.3
248.7
+13.8
−59.1
131.4
130.0
243.8
264.5
193.2
−53.6
168.6
185.5
176.5
190.5
152.2
156.7
159.8
182.2
156.5
169.8
210.8
42.7
230.8
234.5
149.8
188.7
196.0
289.4
289.5
91.8
18.0
147.7
165.7
166.0
267.5
137.1
139.7
139.8
123.6
−41.7
−92.7
39.4
276.7
224.6
222.4
189.8
205.0
183.8
236.6
201.0
197.8
264.7
168.4
179.0
179.4
152.2
165.5
88.0
101.5
129.2
203.2
206.7
221.7
173.4
−33.0
46.0
−2.3
126.1
−3.4
−12.2
60.8
183.5
141.4
132.5
269.8
31.0
−46.9
153.5
152.2
267.5
292.9
212.0
−40.8
193.5
208.0
196.0
212.6
177.6
181.1
184.3
205.0
180.0
194.1
235.0
61.3
259.3
259.3
174.5
214.0
220.0
317.5
317.0
111.9
37.0
170.2
190.0
191.0
296.0
159.3
162.3
162.3
146.3
−27.9
−81.2
57.9
300.0
250.0
246.0
213.5
228.0
206.5
257.0
221.5
217.0
291.0
190.8
202.8
201.8
171.9
185.0
108.0
122.8
152.4
227.0
232.0
246.6
195.2
−21.0
61.5
+13.1
141.1
+12.9
+2.4
80.7
205.4
161.0
155.6
291.5
49.3
−33.5
177.2
Temperature, °C
Formula
C7H4ClF3
C12H9Cl
C12H9Cl
C4H5ClO2
CHClF2
C8H11ClSi
C8H9ClO
C4H9ClO2
C6H12Cl2O2
C8H9Cl
C8H9Cl
C8H9Cl
C4H6Cl2O2
C5H10Cl2O
C5H10Cl2O
C10H13ClO
CHCl3
C10H7Cl
C8H9ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C6H5ClO
C12H9ClO
C12H9ClO
CCl3NO2
C3H5Cl
C5H4ClN
C8H7Cl
C8H7Cl
C14H29Cl
C7H7Cl
C7H7Cl
C7H7Cl
C6H15ClSi
C2ClF3
CClF3
C3H9ClSi
C9H8O2
C9H10O
C9H8O
C5H4O3
C10H16O
C10H18O
C10H18O2
C10H20O
C12H22O2
C9H6O2
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
C4H5N
C4H5N
C9H12
C9H13N
C10H12O
C10H14O
C7H11NO2
C2N2
CBrN
CClN
CIN
C4H8
C4H6
C6H12
C8H16O
C6H12O
C6H10O
C12H14N2O5
C5H10
C3H6
C10H14
40
0.0
89.3
96.4
70.0
−122.8
29.8
45.8
53.0
56.2
17.2
18.6
19.2
46.0
24.7
29.8
62.3
−58.0
80.6
84.0
12.1
44.2
49.8
118.0
119.8
−25.5
−81.3
13.3
25.3
28.0
98.5
+5.4
+4.8
+5.5
−4.9
−116.0
−149.5
−62.8
127.5
72.6
76.1
47.1
61.7
44.0
99.5
66.4
74.7
106.0
38.2
52.0
53.0
33.5
24.7
109.8
129.8
95.6
−110.2
56.7
72.8
78.3
83.7
43.0
45.2
46.4
72.1
50.1
56.5
91.4
−39.1
104.8
114.3
38.2
72.0
78.2
152.2
153.7
−3.3
−63.4
38.8
51.3
54.5
131.8
30.6
30.3
31.0
+19.8
−102.5
−139.2
−43.6
157.8
102.5
105.8
74.8
90.0
71.4
127.3
93.6
100.2
137.8
64.0
76.0
76.5
57.4
−29.0
−19.5
+2.9
60.0
58.0
74.2
42.0
−95.8
−35.7
−76.7
25.2
−92.0
−99.1
−45.3
50.4
21.0
+1.4
132.8
−68.0
−116.8
17.3
−7.1
+3.5
26.8
88.2
87.3
103.7
68.7
−83.2
−18.3
−61.4
47.2
−76.0
−83.4
−25.4
77.2
44.0
26.4
161.8
−49.6
−104.2
43.9
37.1
134.7
146.0
108.0
−103.7
70.0
86.5
90.7
97.6
56.1
58.1
60.0
86.0
63.0
70.0
106.0
−29.7
118.6
129.0
51.2
86.1
92.2
169.7
170.7
+7.8
−54.1
51.7
65.2
67.5
148.2
43.2
43.2
43.8
32.0
−95.9
−134.1
−34.0
173.0
117.8
120.0
88.9
103.9
84.8
141.4
107.0
113.0
153.4
76.7
87.8
88.6
69.0
80.0
+4.0
15.0
38.3
102.2
102.0
118.0
82.0
−76.8
−10.0
−53.8
57.7
−67.9
−75.4
−15.9
90.0
56.0
38.7
175.9
−40.4
−97.5
57.0
50.6
151.2
164.0
121.2
−96.5
84.7
101.5
104.1
112.2
70.3
73.0
75.5
100.0
77.2
84.8
121.8
−19.0
134.4
145.0
65.9
101.7
108.1
186.7
189.8
20.0
−44.0
65.8
80.0
82.0
166.2
56.9
57.4
57.8
45.5
−88.2
−128.5
−23.2
189.5
133.7
135.7
103.8
119.4
99.8
155.6
121.5
126.0
170.0
90.5
101.4
102.3
82.0
93.0
16.4
27.8
51.5
117.8
117.9
133.8
96.2
−70.1
−1.0
−46.1
68.6
−58.7
−66.6
−5.0
104.0
68.8
52.5
191.2
−30.1
−90.3
71.1
65.9
169.9
183.8
135.6
−88.6
101.2
117.8
118.4
127.8
86.2
89.2
91.8
116.0
92.4
101.5
139.6
−7.1
153.2
162.0
82.0
118.0
125.0
207.4
208.2
33.8
−32.7
81.7
96.5
98.0
187.0
72.0
73.0
73.5
60.2
−79.7
−121.9
−11.4
207.1
151.0
152.2
120.3
135.9
116.1
171.9
137.2
140.5
189.0
105.8
116.0
117.7
96.0
107.8
30.0
41.8
66.1
134.2
135.2
150.3
111.8
−62.7
+8.6
−37.5
80.3
−48.4
−56.4
+6.7
119.8
83.0
67.8
206.7
−18.6
−82.3
87.0
75.4
182.1
196.0
144.4
−83.4
111.5
127.8
127.5
138.0
96.4
99.6
102.0
126.2
102.2
111.8
150.0
+0.5
165.6
173.5
92.0
129.4
136.1
219.6
220.0
42.3
−25.1
91.6
107.2
108.5
199.8
81.8
83.2
83.3
69.5
−74.1
−117.3
−4.0
217.8
162.0
163.7
131.3
146.3
126.2
182.1
147.2
149.7
200.5
115.5
125.8
127.0
104.5
116.7
38.5
50.9
75.4
145.0
146.0
161.7
121.5
−57.9
14.7
−32.1
88.0
−41.8
−50.0
14.7
129.8
91.8
77.5
216.0
−11.3
−77.0
97.2
Melting
point,
°C
−6.0
34
75.5
−160
−80.2
−53.3
−62.6
−63.5
−20
7
32.5
42
+6
−64
−99.0
−15.0
+0.9
+7.3
−157.5
133
33
−7.5
70
30.8
10.9
35.5
15.5
72
−96.0
−34.4
58
−6.5
−50
+6.6
23.9
−45.0
−93.7
−126.6
−68.2
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-69
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
cis-Decalin
trans-Decalin
Decane
Decan-2-one
1-Decene
Decyl alcohol
Decyltrimethylsilane
Dehydroacetic acid
Desoxybenzoin
Diacetamide
Diacetylene (1,3-butadiyne)
Diallyldichlorosilane
Diallyl sulfide
Diisoamyl ether
oxalate
sulfide
Dibenzylamine
Dibenzyl ketone (1,3-diphenyl2-propanone)
1,4-Dibromobenzene
1,2-Dibromobutane
dl-2,3-Dibromobutane
meso-2,3-Dibromobutane
1,2-Dibromodecane
Di(2-bromoethyl) ether
α,β-Dibromomaleic anhydride
1,2-Dibromo-2-methylpropane
1,3-Dibromo-2-methylpropane
1,2-Dibromopentane
1,2-Dibromopropane
1,3-Dibromopropane
2,3-Dibromopropene
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol
Diisobutylamine
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-cresol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-2-cresol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-cresol
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-ethylphenol
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-ethylphenol
Diisobutyl oxalate
2,4-Ditert-butylphenol
Dibutyl phthalate
sulfide
Diisobutyl d-tartrate
Dicarvacryl-mono-(6-chloro-2-xenyl)
phosphate
Dicarvacryl-2-tolyl phosphate
Dichloroacetic acid
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobutane
2,3-Dichlorobutane
1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorodiphenyl silane
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
Di(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Dichloroethoxymethylsilane
1,2-Dichloro-3-ethylbenzene
1,2-Dichloro-4-ethylbenzene
1,4-Dichloro-2-ethylbenzene
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloro ethylene
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Dichlorofluoromethane
1,5-Dichlorohexamethyltrisiloxane
Dichloromethylphenylsilane
1,1-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
1,2-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
1,3-Dichloro-2-methylpropane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
1
5
10
20
22.5
−0.8
16.5
44.2
14.7
69.5
67.4
91.7
123.3
70.0
−82.5
+9.5
−9.5
18.6
85.4
43.0
118.3
125.5
50.1
+30.6
42.3
71.9
40.3
97.3
96.4
122.0
156.2
95.0
−68.0
34.8
+14.4
44.3
116.0
73.0
149.8
159.8
64.2
47.2
55.7
85.8
53.7
111.3
111.0
137.3
173.5
108.0
−61.2
47.4
26.6
57.0
131.4
87.6
165.6
177.6
79.8
65.3
69.8
100.7
67.8
125.8
126.5
153.0
192.0
122.6
−53.8
61.3
39.7
70.7
147.7
102.7
182.2
195.7
97.2
85.7
85.5
117.1
83.3
142.1
144.0
171.0
212.0
138.2
−45.9
76.4
54.2
86.3
165.7
120.0
200.2
216.6
C6H4Br2
61.0
C4H8Br2
7.5
C4H8Br2
+5.0
C4H8Br2
+1.5
C10H20Br2
95.7
C4H8Br2O
47.7
C4H2Br2O3
50.0
C4H8Br2
−28.8
C4H8Br2
14.0
C5H10Br2
19.8
C3H6Br2
−7.0
C3H6Br2
+9.7
C3H4Br2
−6.0
C3H6Br2O
57.0
C8H19N
−5.1
C15H24O
85.8
C15H24O
86.2
C15H24O
103.7
C16H26O
89.1
C16H26O
111.5
C10H18O4
63.2
C14H22O
84.5
C16H22O4
148.2
C8H18S
+21.7
C12H22O6
117.8
C32H34ClO4P 204.2
79.3
33.2
30.0
26.6
123.6
75.3
78.0
−3.0
40.0
45.4
+17.3
35.4
+17.9
84.5
+18.4
116.2
117.3
135.2
121.4
142.6
91.2
115.4
182.1
51.8
151.8
234.5
87.7
46.1
41.6
39.3
137.3
88.5
92.0
+10.5
53.0
58.0
29.4
48.0
30.0
98.2
30.6
131.0
132.4
150.0
137.0
157.4
105.3
130.0
198.2
66.4
169.0
249.3
103.6
60.0
56.4
53.2
151.0
103.6
106.7
25.7
67.5
72.0
42.3
62.1
43.2
113.5
43.7
147.0
149.0
167.0
154.0
174.0
120.3
146.0
216.2
80.5
188.0
264.5
C27H33O4P
180.2
C2H2Cl2O2
44.0
C6H4Cl2
20.0
C6H4Cl2
12.1
C6H4Cl2
C4H8Cl2
−23.6
C4H8Cl2
−25.2
C2Cl2F2
−82.0
CCl2F2
−118.5
C12H10Cl2Si
109.6
C6H12Cl2O
29.6
C5H10Cl2O2
53.0
C8H8Cl2OSi −33.8
C8H8Cl2
46.0
C8H8Cl2
47.0
C8H8Cl2
38.5
C2H2Cl2
−58.4
C2H2Cl2
−65.4
C4H8Cl2O
23.5
CHCl2F
−91.3
C6H18Cl2
26.0
O2Si3
C7H8Cl2Si
35.7
C4H8Cl2
−31.0
C4H8Cl2
−25.8
C4H8Cl2
−3.0
53.0
C6H4Cl2O
C6H4Cl2O
59.5
209.3
69.8
46.0
39.0
−0.3
−3.0
−65.6
−104.6
142.4
55.2
80.4
−12.1
75.0
77.2
68.0
−39.2
−47.2
49.3
−75.5
52.0
221.8
82.6
59.1
52.0
54.8
+11.5
+8.5
−57.3
−97.8
158.0
68.2
94.0
−1.3
90.0
92.3
83.2
−29.9
−38.0
62.0
−67.5
65.1
63.5
−8.4
−4.2
+20.6
80.0
87.6
77.4
+2.6
+6.7
32.0
92.8
101.0
60
Melting
point,
°C
100
200
400
760
108.0
98.4
95.5
127.8
93.5
152.0
154.3
181.5
224.5
148.0
−41.0
86.3
63.7
96.0
177.0
130.6
212.2
229.4
123.2
114.6
108.6
142.0
106.5
165.8
169.5
197.5
241.3
160.6
−34.0
99.7
75.8
109.6
192.2
145.3
227.3
246.6
145.4
136.2
128.4
163.2
126.7
186.2
191.0
219.5
265.2
180.8
−20.9
119.4
94.8
129.0
215.0
166.4
249.8
272.3
169.9
160.1
150.6
186.7
149.2
208.8
215.5
244.5
293.0
202.0
−6.1
142.0
116.1
150.3
240.0
191.0
274.3
301.7
194.6
186.7
174.1
211.0
172.0
231.0
240.0
269.0
321.0
223.0
+9.7
165.3
138.6
173.4
265.0
216.0
300.0
330.5
−43.3
−30.7
−29.7
+3.5
120.8
76.0
72.0
68.0
167.4
119.8
123.5
42.3
83.5
87.4
57.2
77.8
57.8
129.8
57.8
164.1
167.4
185.3
172.1
192.3
137.5
164.3
235.8
96.0
208.5
280.5
131.6
86.0
82.0
78.0
177.5
130.0
133.8
53.7
93.7
97.4
66.4
87.8
67.0
140.0
67.0
175.2
179.0
196.1
183.9
204.4
147.8
175.8
247.8
105.8
221.6
290.7
146.5
99.8
95.3
91.7
190.2
144.0
147.7
68.8
107.4
110.1
78.7
101.3
79.5
153.0
79.2
190.0
194.0
211.0
198.0
218.0
161.8
190.0
263.7
118.6
239.5
304.9
168.5
120.2
115.7
111.8
209.6
165.0
168.0
92.1
117.8
130.2
97.8
121.7
98.0
173.8
97.6
212.8
217.5
233.0
220.0
241.7
183.5
212.5
287.0
138.0
264.7
323.8
192.5
143.5
138.0
134.2
229.8
188.0
192.0
119.8
150.6
151.8
118.5
144.1
119.5
196.0
118.0
237.6
243.4
257.1
244.0
264.6
205.8
237.0
313.5
159.0
294.0
342.0
218.6
166.3
160.5
157.3
250.4
212.5
215.0
149.0
174.6
175.0
141.6
167.5
141.2
219.0
139.5
262.5
269.3
282.0
268.6
290.0
229.5
260.8
340.0
182.0
324.0
361.0
87.5
−64.5
237.0
96.3
73.4
66.2
69.2
24.5
21.2
−48.3
−90.1
176.0
82.2
109.5
+11.3
105.9
109.6
99.8
−19.4
−28.0
76.0
−58.6
79.0
251.5
111.8
89.4
82.0
84.8
37.7
35.0
−38.2
−81.6
195.5
97.3
125.5
24.4
123.8
127.5
118.0
−7.9
−17.0
91.5
−48.8
94.8
260.3
121.5
99.5
92.2
95.2
47.8
43.9
−31.8
−76.1
207.5
106.9
135.8
32.6
135.0
139.0
129.0
−0.5
−10.0
101.5
−42.6
105.0
272.5
134.0
112.9
105.0
108.4
60.2
56.0
−23.0
−68.6
223.8
119.7
149.6
44.1
149.8
153.3
144.0
+9.5
−0.2
114.5
−33.9
118.2
290.0
152.3
133.4
125.9
128.3
79.7
74.0
−10.0
−57.0
248.0
139.0
170.0
61.0
172.0
176.0
166.2
24.6
+14.3
134.0
−20.9
138.3
309.8
173.7
155.8
149.0
150.2
100.8
94.2
+5.0
−43.9
275.5
159.8
192.0
80.3
197.0
201.7
191.5
41.0
30.8
155.4
−6.2
160.2
330.0
194.4
179.0
173.0
173.9
123.5
116.0
20.9
−29.8
304.0
182.7
215.0
100.6
222.1
226.6
216.3
59.0
47.8
178.5
+8.9
184.0
92.4
14.6
18.7
44.8
107.7
115.5
109.5
28.2
32.0
58.6
123.4
131.6
120.0
37.0
40.2
67.5
133.5
141.8
134.2
48.2
51.7
78.8
146.0
154.6
155.5
65.8
68.9
96.1
165.2
175.5
180.2
85.4
87.8
115.4
187.5
197.7
205.5
106.0
108.0
135.0
210.0
220.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
C10H18
C10H18
C10H22
C10H20O
C10H20
C10H22O
C13H30Si
C8H8O4
C14H12O
C4H7NO2
C4H2
C6H10Cl2Si
C6H10S
C10H22O
C12H22O4
C10H22S
C14H15N
C15H14O
40
+7
60
78.5
−34.9
−83
−26
34.5
−34.5
−70.3
−55.5
−34.4
−70
−79.7
73.5
9.7
−17.6
−24.2
53.0
−80.4
−112
−40.8
−76.4
−61.2
−80.5
−50.0
−135
−53.0
45.0
2-70
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
α,α-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile
Dichlorophenylarsine
1,2-Dichloropropane
2,3-Dichlorostyrene
2,4-Dichlorostyrene
2,5-Dichlorostyrene
2,6-Dichlorostyrene
3,4-Dichlorostyrene
3,5-Dichlorostyrene
1,2-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene
1,4-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
Dichloro-4-tolylsilane
3,4-Dichloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethoxydimethylsilane
Diethoxydiphenylsilane
Diethyl adipate
Diethylamine
N-Diethylaniline
Diethyl arsanilate
1,2-Diethylbenzene
1,3-Diethylbenzene
1,4-Diethylbenzene
Diethyl carbonate
cis-Diethyl citraconate
Diethyl dioxosuccinate
Diethylene glycol
Diethyleneglycol-bis-chloroacetate
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Di(2-methoxyethyl) ether
glycol ethyl ether
Diethyl ether
ethylmalonate
fumarate
glutarate
Diethylhexadecylamine
Diethyl itaconate
ketone (3-pentanone)
malate
maleate
malonate
mesaconate
oxalate
phthalate
sebacate
2,5-Diethylstyrene
Diethyl succinate
isosuccinate
sulfate
sulfide
sulfite
d-Diethyl tartrate
dl-Diethyl tartrate
3,5-Diethyltoluene
Diethylzinc
1-Dihydrocarvone
Dihydrocitronellol
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
Dimethylacetylene (2-butyne)
Dimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl arsanilate
Di(α-methylbenzyl) ether
2,2-Dimethylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
Dimethyl citraconate
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
1
5
10
20
56.0
61.8
−38.5
61.0
53.5
55.5
47.8
57.2
53.5
105.6
91.7
−95.4
46.2
11.0
−19.1
111.5
74.0
84.0
100.0
−17.0
90.1
82.2
83.9
75.7
86.0
82.2
138.7
126.1
−80.0
71.7
38.3
34.1
+2.4
142.8
106.6
49.7
78.0
98.1
116.0
−6.1
104.6
97.4
98.2
90.0
100.4
97.4
155.0
143.8
−72.3
84.2
52.2
47.6
13.3
157.6
123.0
−33.0
91.9
113.8
133.1
+6.0
120.5
111.8
114.0
105.5
116.2
111.8
172.5
162.0
−63.5
97.8
67.3
62.0
25.3
174.3
138.3
−22.6
107.2
130.0
151.0
19.4
137.8
129.2
131.0
122.4
133.7
129.2
192.2
183.2
−53.7
113.2
84.0
77.9
38.0
193.2
154.6
−11.3
123.6
38.0
22.3
20.7
20.7
−10.1
59.8
70.0
91.8
148.3
62.6
48.7
46.8
47.1
+12.3
88.3
98.0
120.0
180.0
74.8
62.0
59.9
60.3
23.8
103.0
112.0
133.8
195.8
88.0
76.4
74.5
74.7
36.0
118.2
126.8
148.0
212.0
C6H14O3
C6H14O3
C4H10O
C9H16O4
C8H12O4
C9H16O4
C20H43N
C9H14O4
C5H10O
C8H14O5
C8H12O4
C7H12O4
C9H14O4
C6H10O4
C12H14O4
C14H26O4
C12H16
C8H14O4
C8H14O4
C4H10O4S
C4H10S
C4H10O3S
C8H14O6
C8H14O6
C11H16
C4H10Zn
C10H16O
C10H22O
C14H8O4
C4H6
C2H7N
C8H11N
C8H12AsNO3
C16H18O
C6H14
C6H14
C7H10O4
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
13.0
45.3
−74.3
50.8
53.2
65.6
139.8
51.3
−12.7
80.7
57.3
40.0
62.8
47.4
108.8
125.3
49.7
54.6
39.8
47.0
−39.6
10.0
102.0
100.0
34.0
−22.4
46.6
68.0
196.7
−73.0
−87.7
29.5
15.0
96.7
−69.3
−63.6
50.8
−24.4
−15.9
−21.1
−19.4
−22.7
−20.0
−24.3
37.6
72.0
−56.9
77.8
81.2
94.7
175.8
80.2
+7.5
110.4
85.6
67.5
91.0
71.8
140.7
156.2
78.4
83.0
66.7
74.0
−18.6
34.2
133.0
131.7
61.5
0.0
75.5
91.7
239.8
−57.9
−72.2
56.3
39.6
128.3
−50.7
−44.5
78.2
−1.4
+7.3
+1.7
+3.4
0.0
+3.2
−1.7
50.0
85.8
−48.1
91.6
95.3
109.7
194.0
95.2
17.2
125.3
100.0
81.3
105.3
83.8
156.0
172.1
92.6
96.6
80.0
87.7
−8.0
46.4
148.0
147.2
75.3
+11.7
90.0
103.0
259.8
−50.5
−64.6
70.0
51.8
144.0
−41.5
−34.9
91.8
+10.3
18.4
13.0
14.9
+11.2
14.5
+10.1
63.0
100.3
−38.5
106.0
110.2
125.4
213.5
111.0
27.9
141.2
115.3
95.9
120.3
96.8
173.6
189.8
108.5
111.7
94.7
102.1
+3.5
59.7
164.2
163.8
90.2
24.2
106.0
115.0
282.0
−42.5
−56.0
84.8
65.0
160.3
−31.1
−24.1
106.5
23.0
31.1
25.6
27.4
23.6
27.1
22.6
60
100
200
400
760
141.0
163.2
28.0
149.0
140.0
142.0
133.3
144.6
140.0
204.8
195.8
−47.5
122.6
95.0
88.0
46.3
205.0
165.8
−4.0
133.8
154.5
178.9
39.4
163.5
153.8
155.8
147.6
158.2
153.8
220.7
212.0
−39.1
135.5
109.2
101.7
57.6
220.0
179.0
+6.0
147.3
176.2
202.8
57.0
185.7
176.0
178.0
169.0
181.5
176.0
245.6
238.5
−26.3
153.5
129.0
121.8
74.2
243.8
198.2
21.0
168.2
199.5
228.8
76.0
210.0
200.0
202.5
193.5
205.7
200.0
272.8
265.8
−12.0
175.2
150.5
144.2
93.2
259.7
219.1
38.0
192.4
223.5
256.5
96.8
235.0
225.0
227.0
217.0
230.0
225.0
302.0
296.5
+3.5
196.3
172.8
166.6
113.5
296.0
240.0
55.5
215.5
102.6
92.5
90.4
91.1
49.5
135.7
143.8
164.3
229.0
111.8
102.6
100.7
101.3
57.9
146.2
153.7
174.0
239.5
123.8
116.2
114.4
115.3
69.7
160.0
167.7
187.5
252.0
141.9
136.7
134.8
136.1
86.5
182.3
188.0
207.0
271.5
161.0
159.0
156.9
159.0
105.8
206.5
210.8
226.5
291.8
181.0
183.5
181.1
183.8
125.8
230.3
233.5
244.8
313.0
77.5
116.7
27.7
122.4
126.7
142.8
235.0
128.2
39.4
157.8
131.8
113.3
137.3
110.6
192.1
207.5
125.8
127.8
111.0
118.0
16.1
74.2
182.3
181.7
107.0
38.0
123.7
127.6
307.4
−33.9
−46.7
101.6
79.7
179.6
−19.5
−12.4
122.6
37.3
45.3
39.7
41.4
37.5
41.1
36.5
86.8
126.8
−21.8
132.4
137.7
153.2
248.5
139.9
46.7
169.0
142.4
123.0
147.9
119.7
204.1
218.4
136.8
138.2
121.4
128.6
24.2
83.8
194.0
193.2
117.7
47.2
134.7
136.7
323.3
−27.8
−40.7
111.9
88.6
191.5
−12.1
−4.9
132.7
45.7
54.4
48.7
50.4
46.4
50.1
45.4
99.5
140.3
−11.5
146.0
151.1
167.8
265.5
154.3
56.2
183.9
156.0
136.2
161.6
130.8
219.5
234.4
151.0
151.1
134.8
142.5
35.0
96.3
208.5
208.0
131.7
59.1
149.7
145.9
344.5
−18.8
−32.6
125.8
101.0
206.8
−2.0
+5.4
145.8
57.9
66.8
61.0
62.5
58.5
62.3
57.6
118.0
159.0
+2.2
166.0
172.2
189.5
292.8
177.5
70.6
205.3
177.8
155.5
183.2
147.9
243.0
255.8
173.2
171.7
155.1
162.5
51.3
115.8
230.4
230.0
152.4
77.0
171.8
160.2
377.8
−5.0
−20.4
146.5
119.8
229.7
+13.4
21.1
165.8
76.2
85.6
79.6
81.0
76.9
80.8
76.0
138.5
180.3
17.9
188.7
195.8
212.8
324.6
203.1
86.3
229.5
201.7
176.8
205.8
166.2
267.5
280.3
198.0
193.8
177.7
185.5
69.7
137.0
254.8
254.3
176.5
97.3
197.0
176.8
413.0
+10.6
−7.1
169.2
140.3
254.8
31.0
39.0
188.0
97.2
107.0
100.9
102.1
97.8
101.9
97.0
159.8
201.9
34.6
211.5
218.5
237.0
355.0
227.9
102.7
253.4
225.0
198.9
229.0
185.7
294.0
305.5
223.0
216.5
201.3
209.5
88.0
159.0
280.0
280.0
200.7
118.0
223.0
193.5
450.0
27.2
+7.4
193.1
160.5
281.0
49.7
58.0
210.5
119.5
129.7
123.4
124.4
120.1
124.3
119.3
Temperature, °C
Formula
C8H5Cl2N
C6H5AsCl2
C3H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C8H6Cl2
C14H20Cl2
C14H20Cl2
C2Cl2F4
C7H8Cl2Si
C7H3Cl2F3
C10H8
C6H16O2Si
C16H20O2Si
C10H18O4
C4H11N
C10H15N
C10H16As
NO3
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C5H10O3
C9H14O4
C8H10O6
C4H10O3
C8H12Cl2O5
40
Melting
point,
°C
−94
−12.1
32.9
−21
−38.9
−34.4
−31.4
−83.9
−43.2
−43
−116.3
+0.6
−42
−49.8
−40.6
1.3
−20.8
−25.0
−99.5
17
−28
194
−32.5
−96
+2.5
−99.8
−128.2
−34
−50.0
−88.0
−92.0
−76.2
−87.4
−36.9
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-71
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Dimethyl ether
2,2-Dimethylhexane
2,3-Dimethylhexane
2,4-Dimethylhexane
2,5-Dimethylhexane
3,3-Dimethylhexane
3,4-Dimethylhexane
Dimethyl itaconate
1-Dimethyl malate
Dimethyl maleate
malonate
trans-Dimethyl mesaconate
2,7-Dimethyloctane
Dimethyl oxalate
2,2-Dimethylpentane
2,3-Dimethylpentane
2,4-Dimethylpentane
3,3-Dimethylpentane
2,3-Dimethylphenol (2,3-xylenol)
2,4-Dimethylphenol (2,4-xylenol)
2,5-Dimethylphenol (2,5-xylenol)
3,4-Dimethylphenol (3,4-xylenol)
3,5-Dimethylphenol (3,5-xylenol)
Dimethylphenylsilane
Dimethyl phthalate
3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-pyrone
4,6-Dimethylresorcinol
Dimethyl sebacate
2,4-Dimethylstyrene
2,5-Dimethylstyrene
α,α-Dimethylsuccinic anhydride
Dimethyl sulfide
d-Dimethyl tartrate
dl-Dimethyl tartrate
N,N-Dimethyl-2-toluidine
N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine
Di(nitrosomethyl) amine
Diosphenol
1,4-Dioxane
Dipentene
Diphenylamine
Diphenyl carbinol (benzhydrol)
chlorophosphate
disulfide
1,2-Diphenylethane (dibenzyl)
Diphenyl ether
1,1-Diphenylethylene
trans-Diphenylethylene
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenylmethane
Diphenyl sulfide
Diphenyl-2-tolyl thiophosphate
1,2-Dipropoxyethane
1,2-Diisopropylbenzene
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene
Dipropylene glycol
Dipropyleneglycol monobutyl ether
isopropyl ether
Di-n-propyl ether
Diisopropyl ether
Di-n-propyl ketone (4-heptanone)
Di-n-propyl oxalate
Diisopropyl oxalate
Di-n-propyl succinate
Di-n-propyl d-tartrate
Diisopropyl d-tartrate
Divinyl acetylene (1,5-hexadiene-3-yne)
1,3-Divinylbenzene
Docosane
n-Dodecane
1-Dodecene
n-Dodecyl alcohol
Dodecylamine
Dodecyltrimethylsilane
Elaidic acid
1
5
10
20
−101.1
−7.9
−1.1
−5.3
−5.5
−4.4
+0.2
94.0
104.0
73.0
59.8
74.0
30.5
44.0
−28.7
−20.8
−27.4
−25.0
83.8
78.0
78.0
93.8
89.2
30.3
131.8
107.6
76.8
139.8
61.9
55.9
88.1
−58.0
133.2
131.8
54.1
74.3
27.8
95.4
−12.8
40.4
141.7
145.0
160.5
164.0
119.8
97.8
119.6
145.8
159.3
107.4
129.0
179.8
−10.3
67.8
62.3
102.1
92.0
72.8
−22.3
−37.4
44.4
80.2
69.0
107.6
147.7
133.7
−24.4
60.0
195.4
75.8
74.0
120.2
111.8
122.1
206.7
−93.3
+3.1
+9.9
+5.2
+5.3
+6.1
11.3
106.6
118.3
86.4
72.0
87.8
42.3
56.0
−18.7
−10.3
−17.1
−14.4
97.6
91.3
91.3
107.7
102.4
42.6
147.6
122.0
90.7
156.2
75.8
69.0
102.0
−49.2
148.2
147.5
66.2
86.7
40.0
109.0
−1.2
53.8
157.0
162.0
182.0
180.0
136.0
114.0
135.0
161.0
176.1
122.8
145.0
201.6
+5.0
81.8
76.0
116.2
106.0
86.2
−11.8
−27.4
55.0
93.9
81.9
122.2
163.5
148.2
−14.0
73.8
213.0
90.0
87.8
134.7
127.8
137.7
223.5
−85.2
15.0
22.1
17.2
17.2
18.2
23.5
119.7
133.8
101.3
85.0
102.1
55.8
69.4
−7.5
+1.1
−5.9
−2.9
112.0
105.0
105.0
122.0
117.0
56.2
164.0
136.4
105.8
175.8
90.8
84.0
116.3
−39.4
164.3
164.0
80.2
100.0
53.7
124.0
+12.0
68.2
175.2
180.9
203.8
197.0
153.7
130.8
151.8
179.8
194.0
139.8
162.0
215.5
22.3
96.8
91.2
131.3
120.4
100.8
0.0
−16.7
66.2
108.6
95.6
138.0
180.4
164.0
−2.8
88.7
233.5
104.6
102.4
150.0
141.6
153.8
242.3
60
100
200
400
760
−62.7
48.2
56.0
50.6
50.5
52.5
57.7
153.7
175.1
140.4
121.9
141.5
93.9
104.8
23.9
33.3
25.4
29.3
152.2
143.0
143.0
161.0
156.0
94.2
210.0
177.5
147.3
222.6
132.3
124.7
155.3
−12.0
208.8
209.5
118.1
140.3
90.3
165.6
45.1
108.3
222.8
227.5
265.0
241.3
202.8
178.8
198.6
227.4
242.5
186.3
211.8
252.5
74.2
138.7
132.3
169.9
159.8
140.3
33.0
13.7
96.0
148.1
132.6
180.3
227.0
207.3
29.5
130.0
286.0
146.2
142.3
192.0
182.1
199.5
288.0
−50.9
65.7
73.8
68.1
68.0
70.0
75.6
171.0
196.3
160.0
140.0
161.0
114.0
123.3
40.3
50.1
41.8
46.2
173.0
161.5
161.5
181.5
176.2
114.2
232.7
198.0
167.8
245.0
153.2
145.6
175.8
+2.6
230.5
232.3
138.3
161.6
110.0
186.2
62.3
128.2
247.5
250.0
299.5
262.6
227.8
203.3
222.8
251.7
267.2
210.7
236.8
270.3
103.8
159.8
153.7
189.9
180.0
160.0
50.3
30.0
111.2
168.0
151.2
202.5
250.1
228.2
46.0
151.4
314.2
167.2
162.2
213.0
203.0
222.0
312.4
−37.8
85.6
94.1
88.2
87.9
90.4
96.0
189.8
219.5
182.2
159.8
183.5
136.0
143.3
59.2
69.4
60.6
65.5
196.0
184.2
184.2
203.6
197.8
136.4
257.8
221.0
192.0
269.6
177.5
168.7
197.5
18.7
255.0
257.4
161.5
185.4
131.3
209.5
81.8
150.5
274.1
275.6
337.2
285.8
255.0
230.7
249.8
278.3
294.0
237.5
263.9
290.0
140.0
184.3
177.6
210.5
203.8
183.1
69.5
48.2
127.3
190.3
171.8
226.5
275.6
251.8
64.4
175.2
343.5
191.0
185.5
235.7
225.0
248.0
337.0
−23.7
106.8
115.6
109.4
109.1
112.0
117.7
208.0
242.6
205.0
180.7
206.0
159.7
163.3
79.2
89.8
80.5
86.1
218.0
211.5
211.5
225.2
219.5
159.3
283.7
245.0
215.0
293.5
202.0
193.0
219.5
36.0
280.0
282.0
184.8
209.5
153.0
232.0
101.1
174.6
302.0
301.0
378.0
310.0
284.0
258.5
277.0
306.5
322.2
264.5
292.5
310.0
180.0
209.0
202.0
231.8
227.0
205.6
89.5
67.5
143.7
213.5
193.5
250.8
303.0
275.0
84.0
199.5
376.0
216.2
208.0
259.0
248.0
273.0
362.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
C2H6O
−115.7
C8H18
−29.7
C8H18
−23.0
C8H18
−26.9
C8H18
−26.7
C8H18
−25.8
C8H18
−22.1
C7H10O4
69.3
C6H10O5
75.4
C6H8O4
45.7
C5H8O4
35.0
C7H10O4
46.8
C10H22
+6.3
C4H6O4
20.0
C7H16
−49.0
C7H16
−42.0
C7H16
−48.0
C7H16
−45.9
C8H10O
56.0
C8H10O
51.8
C8H10O
51.8
C8H10O
66.2
C8H10O
62.0
C8H12Si
+5.3
C10H10O4
100.3
C7H8O2
78.6
C8H10O2
49.0
C12H22O4
104.0
C10H12
34.2
C10H12
29.0
C6H8O3
61.4
C2H6S
−75.6
C6H10O6
102.1
C6H10O6
100.4
C9H13N
28.8
C9H13N
50.1
C2H5N3O2
+3.2
C10H16O2
66.7
C4H8O2
−35.8
C10H16
14.0
C12H11N
108.3
C13H12O
110.0
C12H10ClPO3 121.5
C12H10S2
131.6
C14H14
86.8
C12H10O
66.1
C14H12
87.4
C14H12
113.2
C12H12N2
126.0
C13H12
76.0
C12H10S
96.1
C18H17O3PS 159.7
C8H18O2
−38.8
C12H18
40.0
C12H18
34.7
C6H14O3
73.8
C10H22O3
64.7
C9H20O3
46.0
C6H14O
−43.3
C6H14O
−57.0
C7H14O
23.0
C8H14O4
53.4
C8H14O4
43.2
C10H18O4
77.5
C10H18O6
115.6
C10H18O6
103.7
C6H6
−45.1
C10H10
32.7
C22H46
157.8
C12H26
47.8
C12H24
47.2
C12H26O
91.0
82.8
C12H27N
C15H34Si
91.2
C18H34O2
171.3
40
−76.2
28.2
35.6
30.5
30.4
31.7
37.1
133.7
150.1
117.2
100.0
118.0
71.2
83.6
+5.0
13.9
+6.5
+9.9
129.2
121.5
121.5
138.0
133.3
71.4
182.8
152.7
122.5
196.0
107.7
100.2
132.3
−28.4
182.4
182.4
95.0
116.3
68.2
141.2
25.2
84.3
194.3
200.0
227.9
214.8
173.7
150.0
170.8
199.0
213.5
157.8
182.8
230.6
42.3
114.0
107.9
147.4
136.3
117.0
+13.2
−4.5
78.1
124.6
110.5
154.8
199.7
181.8
+10.0
105.5
254.5
121.7
118.6
167.2
157.4
172.1
260.8
−70.4
36.7
44.2
39.0
38.9
40.4
45.8
142.6
160.4
127.1
109.7
127.8
80.8
92.8
13.0
22.1
14.5
18.1
139.5
131.0
131.0
148.0
143.5
81.3
194.0
163.8
133.2
208.0
118.0
110.7
142.4
−21.4
193.8
193.8
105.2
126.4
77.7
151.3
33.8
94.6
206.9
212.0
244.2
226.2
186.0
162.0
183.4
211.5
225.9
170.2
194.8
240.4
55.8
124.3
118.2
156.5
146.3
126.8
21.6
+3.4
85.8
134.8
120.0
166.0
211.7
192.6
18.1
116.0
268.3
132.1
128.5
177.8
168.0
184.2
273.0
Melting
point,
°C
−138.5
−90.7
38
−62
−52.8
−123.7
−135
−119.5
−135.0
75
25.5
74.5
62.5
68
51.5
38
−83.2
61.5
89
−61
10
52.9
68.5
61
51.5
27
124
44
26.5
−105
−122
−60
−32.6
−66.9
44.5
−9.6
−31.5
24
51.5
2-72
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
1
5
10
20
40
16.6
−40.3
254.5
93.7
−142.9
76.2
−20.7
213.5
−13.5
67.3
−68.7
+2.0
82.0
+5.0
−2.3
−58.3
93.8
80.6
69.0
73.9
73.9
25.9
86.0
150.3
−47.5
48.0
15.3
+8.4
165.0
48.0
77.8
143.7
186.0
−65.8
37.5
29.9
41.9
134.0
68.8
72.0
106.0
20.6
−0.1
46.3
121.7
146.0
−153.2
158.0
30.3
21.5
18.6
−13.6
92.1
+1.6
29.0
−29.5
270.6
108.4
−136.7
91.0
−9.8
230.0
−3.0
81.1
−59.9
13.0
94.4
17.7
+8.0
−48.6
109.0
96.0
83.1
88.5
88.5
38.6
101.4
166.8
−37.8
61.8
27.8
20.6
181.8
61.7
91.0
155.5
205.5
−56.8
50.4
42.0
54.3
150.3
83.6
86.7
119.8
33.4
+11.7
59.5
137.7
162.8
−147.6
173.5
42.5
33.0
32.7
−2.4
105.8
14.7
42.0
−17.3
289.1
124.6
−129.8
107.2
+3.7
247.0
+9.1
96.2
−50.0
26.0
108.1
31.8
19.0
−39.8
125.7
113.2
98.8
104.8
104.7
52.8
118.2
181.8
−26.7
77.0
41.5
33.8
199.8
76.3
105.6
168.8
226.5
−47.0
65.2
56.0
68.2
169.2
99.9
103.3
133.8
47.6
25.0
74.0
154.4
182.0
−141.3
191.0
56.0
45.8
48.0
+10.0
120.0
29.7
60
100
200
400
760
62.0
+1.2
314.4
148.5
−119.3
131.4
22.1
273.5
27.0
118.5
−34.9
44.5
127.5
53.0
34.9
−25.1
149.8
137.3
122.3
129.2
128.4
74.1
143.2
205.0
−10.0
99.8
62.0
53.5
226.6
98.4
126.2
187.9
256.8
−32.0
86.0
76.6
89.3
196.0
124.3
127.2
152.8
69.0
45.0
96.1
180.3
209.8
−131.8
215.0
75.0
62.5
70.4
29.4
141.8
51.8
79.3
98.0 117.9
17.5
36.0
55.5
336.5 358.8 381.5
168.7 192.0 215.0
−110.2 −99.7 −88.6
151.5 175.0 199.5
38.1
56.3
75.7
295.0 319.5 344.0
42.0
59.3
77.1
138.0 158.2 180.8
−21.6
−6.9
+8.7
61.5
80.0
99.5
144.0 160.7 179.2
71.6
92.2 114.0
48.4
63.5
78.4
−12.3
+2.0
16.6
170.6 194.2 217.4
156.9 180.8 204.0
142.1 164.2 187.1
149.7 172.8 196.5
149.2 172.3 196.5
92.7 113.8 136.2
164.8 188.4 213.4
223.8 244.7 265.0
+4.5
21.0
38.4
119.7 141.2 163.6
79.8 100.0 121.0
71.0
90.0 110.0
248.5 272.8 298.0
117.8 139.2 160.4
144.2 164.0 184.0
203.8 220.0 237.0
283.3 313.0 342.0
−18.6
−3.9 +12.3
103.8 123.8 144.2
94.5 114.7 135.0
107.2 126.2 146.5
219.3 245.0 271.0
145.4 168.2 193.0
148.3 171.8 195.8
169.8 187.8 206.0
87.8 109.1 131.8
62.4
82.3 103.4
115.2 135.9 156.5
202.8 226.5 252.0
233.0 258.8 286.0
−123.4 −113.9 −103.7
237.3 259.5 283.5
91.8 110.0 128.8
81.0
99.0 117.2
89.8 110.1 131.5
45.7
64.0
82.4
158.5 178.5 197.3
71.8
94.1 119.5
Temperature, °C
Name
Formula
Epichlorohydrin
1,2-Epoxy-2-methylpropane
Erucic acid
Estragole (p-methoxy allyl benzene)
Ethane
Ethoxydimethylphenylsilane
Ethoxytrimethylsilane
Ethoxytriphenylsilane
Ethyl acetate
acetoacetate
Ethylacetylene (1-butyne)
Ethyl acrylate
α-Ethylacrylic acid
α-Ethylacrylonitrile
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
Ethylamine
4-Ethylaniline
N-Ethylaniline
2-Ethylanisole
3-Ethylanisole
4-Ethylanisole
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
benzoylacetate
bromide
α-bromoisobutyrate
n-butyrate
isobutyrate
Ethylcamphoronic anhydride
Ethyl isocaproate
carbamate
carbanilate
Ethylcetylamine
Ethyl chloride
chloroacetate
chloroglyoxylate
α-chloropropionate
trans-cinnamate
3-Ethylcumene
4-Ethylcumene
Ethyl cyanoacetate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethyl dichloroacetate
N,N-diethyloxamate
N-Ethyldiphenylamine
Ethylene
Ethylene-bis-(chloroacetate)
Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-chloroethanol)
diamine (1,2-ethanediamine)
dibromide (1,2-dibromethane)
dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane)
glycol (1,2-ethanediol)
glycol diethyl ether
(1,2-diethoxyethane)
glycol dimethyl ether
(1,2-dimethoxyethane)
glycol monomethyl ether
(2-methoxyethanol)
oxide
Ethyl α-ethylacetoacetate
fluoride
formate
2-furoate
glycolate
3-Ethylhexane
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
Ethylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethane)
fluoride (1,1-difluoroethane)
Ethyl iodide
Ethyl l-leucinate
Ethyl levulinate
Ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol)
Ethyl methylcarbamate
Ethyl methyl ether
C3H5ClO
C4H8O
C22H42O2
C10H12O
C2H6
C10H16OSi
C5H14OSi
C20H20OSi
C4H8O2
C6H10O3
C4H6
C5H8O2
C5H8O2
C5H7N
C2H6O
C2H7N
C8H11N
C8H11N
C9H12O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C8H10
C9H10O2
C11H12O3
C2H5Br
C6H11BrO2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C11H16O5
C8H16O2
C3H7NO2
C9H11NO2
C18H39N
C2H5Cl
C4H7ClO2
C4H5ClO3
C5H9ClO2
C11H12O2
C11H16
C11H16
C5H7NO2
C8H16
C7H14
C4H6Cl2O2
C8H15NO3
C14H15N
C2H4
C6H8Cl2O4
C2H5ClO
C2H8N2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C2H6O2
C6H14O2
−16.5
−69.0
206.7
52.6
−159.5
36.3
−50.9
167.0
−43.4
28.5
−92.5
−29.5
47.0
−29.0
−31.3
−82.3
52.0
38.5
29.7
33.7
33.5
−9.8
44.0
107.6
−74.3
10.6
−18.4
−24.3
118.2
11.0
107.8
133.2
−89.8
+1.0
−5.1
+6.6
87.6
28.3
31.5
67.8
−14.5
−32.2
9.6
76.0
98.3
−168.3
112.0
−4.0
−11.0
−27.0
−44.5
53.0
−33.5
+5.6
−50.0
239.7
80.0
−148.5
63.1
−31.0
198.2
−23.5
54.0
−76.7
−8.7
70.7
−6.4
−12.0
−66.4
80.0
66.4
55.9
60.3
60.2
+13.9
72.0
136.4
−56.4
35.8
+4.0
−2.4
149.8
35.8
65.8
131.8
168.2
−73.9
25.4
+18.0
30.2
108.5
55.5
58.4
93.5
+9.2
−10.8
34.0
106.3
130.2
−158.3
142.4
+19.0
+10.5
+4.7
−24.0
79.7
−10.2
C4H10O2
−48.0
−26.2
−15.3
−3.0
+10.7
19.7
31.8
50.0
70.8
93.0
C3H8O2
−13.5
+10.2
22.0
34.3
47.8
56.4
68.0
85.3
104.3
124.4
C2H4O
C8H14O3
C2H5F
C3H6O2
C7H8O3
C4H8O3
C8H18
C11H20O2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4F2
C2H5I
C8H17NO2
C7H12O3
C2H6S
C4H9NO2
C3H8O
−89.7
40.5
−117.0
−60.5
37.6
14.3
−20.0
50.0
−60.7
−112.5
−54.4
27.8
47.3
−76.7
26.5
−91.0
−73.8
67.3
−103.8
−42.2
63.8
38.8
+2.1
77.7
−41.9
−98.4
−34.3
57.3
74.0
−59.1
51.0
−75.6
−65.7
80.2
−97.7
−33.0
77.1
50.5
12.8
91.8
−32.3
−91.7
−24.3
72.1
87.3
−50.2
63.2
−67.8
−56.6
94.6
−90.0
−22.7
91.5
63.9
25.0
106.3
−21.9
−84.1
−13.1
88.0
101.8
−40.7
76.1
−59.1
−46.9
110.3
−81.8
−11.5
107.5
78.1
38.5
123.7
−10.2
−75.8
−0.9
106.0
117.7
−29.8
91.0
−49.4
−40.7
120.6
−76.4
−4.3
117.5
87.6
47.1
134.0
−2.9
−70.4
+7.2
117.8
127.6
−22.4
100.0
−43.3
−32.1
133.8
−69.3
−5.4
130.4
99.8
58.9
147.9
+7.2
−63.2
18.0
131.8
141.3
−13.0
112.0
−34.8
−19.5
153.2
−58.0
20.0
150.1
117.8
76.7
168.2
22.4
−52.0
34.1
149.8
160.2
+1.5
130.0
−22.0
−4.9
175.6
−45.5
37.1
172.5
138.0
97.0
192.2
39.8
−39.5
52.3
167.3
183.0
17.7
149.8
−7.8
+10.7
198.0
−32.0
54.3
195.0
158.2
118.5
216.0
57.4
−26.5
72.4
184.0
206.2
35.0
170.0
+7.5
50.6
−9.7
300.2
135.2
−125.4
127.5
11.5
258.3
16.6
106.0
−43.4
33.5
116.7
40.6
26.0
−33.4
136.0
123.6
109.0
115.5
115.4
61.8
129.0
191.9
−19.5
86.7
50.1
42.3
211.5
85.8
114.8
177.3
239.8
−40.6
74.0
65.2
77.3
181.2
110.2
113.8
142.1
56.7
33.4
83.6
166.0
193.7
−137.3
201.8
64.1
53.8
57.9
18.1
129.5
39.0
Melting
point,
°C
−25.6
33.5
−183.2
−82.4
−45
−130
−71.2
−112
−80.6
−4
−63.5
−94.9
−34.6
−117.8
−93.3
−88.2
49
52.5
−139
−26
12
−111.3
−138.6
−169
−69
8.5
10
−35.3
−15.6
−111.3
−79
34
−96.7
−117
−105
−121
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-73
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
1-Ethylnaphthalene
Ethyl α-naphthyl ketone
(1-propionaphthone)
Ethyl 3-nitrobenzoate
3-Ethylpentane
4-Ethylphenetole
2-Ethylphenol
3-Ethylphenol
4-Ethylphenol
Ethyl phenyl ether (phenetole)
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl propyl ether
Ethyl salicylate
3-Ethylstyrene
4-Ethylstyrene
Ethylisothiocyanate
2-Ethyltoluene
3-Ethyltoluene
4-Ethyltoluene
Ethyl trichloroacetate
Ethyltrimethylsilane
Ethyltrimethyltin
Ethyl isovalerate
2-Ethyl-1,4-xylene
4-Ethyl-1,3-xylene
5-Ethyl-1,3-xylene
Eugenol
iso-Eugenol
Eugenyl acetate
Fencholic acid
d-Fenchone
dl-Fenchyl alcohol
Fluorene
Fluorobenzene
2-Fluorotoluene
3-Fluorotoluene
4-Fluorotoluene
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
trans-Fumaryl chloride
Furfural (2-furaldehyde)
Furfuryl alcohol
Geraniol
Geranyl acetate
Geranyl n-butyrate
Geranyl isobutyrate
Geranyl formate
Glutaric acid
Glutaric anhydride
Glutaronitrile
Glutaryl chloride
Glycerol
Glycerol dichlorohydrin
(1,3-dichloro-2-propanol)
Glycol diacetate
Glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,6-dione)
Guaicol (2-methoxyphenol)
Heneicosane
Heptacosane
Heptadecane
Heptaldehyde (enanthaldehyde)
n-Heptane
Heptanoic acid (enanthic acid)
1-Heptanol
Heptanoyl chloride (enanthyl chloride)
2-Heptene
Heptylbenzene
Heptyl cyanide (enanthonitrile)
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloroethane
Hexacosane
Hexadecane
1-Hexadecene
n-Hexadecyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol)
100
200
400
760
Melting
point,
°C
164.1
180.0
204.6
230.8
258.1
−27
206.9
192.6
17.5
119.8
117.9
130.0
131.3
86.6
27.2
−12.0
136.7
99.2
97.3
50.8
76.4
73.3
73.6
85.5
−9.0
30.0
55.2
96.0
97.2
92.6
155.8
167.0
183.0
171.8
99.5
110.8
185.2
+11.5
34.7
37.0
37.8
−70.6
137.5
24.0
79.5
82.1
95.7
141.8
150.0
170.1
164.0
136.2
226.3
185.5
176.4
128.3
198.0
93.0
218.2
205.0
25.7
129.8
127.9
139.8
141.7
95.4
35.1
−4.0
147.6
109.6
107.6
59.8
86.0
82.9
83.2
94.4
−1.2
38.4
64.0
106.2
107.4
103.0
167.3
178.2
194.0
181.5
109.8
120.2
197.8
19.6
43.7
45.8
46.5
−65.0
147.0
32.4
89.0
91.5
104.0
151.5
160.3
180.2
174.0
147.2
235.5
196.2
189.5
139.1
208.0
102.0
233.5
220.3
36.9
143.5
141.8
152.0
154.2
108.4
45.2
+6.8
161.5
123.2
121.5
71.9
99.0
95.9
96.3
107.4
+9.2
50.0
75.9
120.0
121.2
116.5
182.2
194.0
209.7
194.0
123.6
132.3
214.7
30.4
55.3
57.5
58.1
−57.3
157.5
43.8
101.0
103.4
115.9
165.3
175.2
193.8
187.7
160.7
247.0
212.5
205.5
151.8
220.1
114.8
255.5
244.6
53.8
163.2
161.6
171.8
175.0
127.9
61.7
23.3
183.7
144.0
142.0
90.0
119.0
115.5
116.1
125.8
25.0
67.3
93.8
140.2
141.8
137.4
204.7
217.2
232.5
215.0
144.0
150.0
240.3
47.2
73.0
75.4
76.0
−46.0
175.5
61.4
120.0
121.8
133.1
185.6
196.3
214.0
207.6
182.6
265.0
236.5
230.0
172.4
240.0
133.3
280.2
270.6
73.0
185.7
184.5
193.3
197.4
149.8
79.8
41.6
207.0
167.2
165.0
110.1
141.4
137.8
136.4
146.0
42.8
87.6
114.0
163.1
164.4
159.6
228.3
242.3
257.4
237.8
166.8
173.2
268.6
65.7
92.8
95.4
96.1
−33.0
193.5
80.3
140.0
141.8
151.8
207.8
219.8
235.0
228.5
205.8
283.5
261.0
257.3
195.3
263.0
153.5
306.0
298.0
93.5
208.0
207.5
214.0
219.0
172.0
99.1
61.7
231.5
191.5
189.0
131.0
165.1
161.3
162.0
167.0
62.0
108.8
134.3
186.9
188.4
183.7
253.5
267.5
282.0
264.1
191.0
201.0
295.0
84.7
114.0
116.0
117.0
−19.5
210.5
100.6
160.0
161.8
170.0
230.0
243.3
257.4
251.0
230.0
303.0
287.0
286.2
217.0
290.0
174.3
106.1
148.6
121.6
243.4
305.7
195.8
66.3
22.3
139.5
99.8
86.4
21.5
144.0
92.6
206.0
102.3
295.2
181.3
178.8
219.8
115.8
158.2
131.0
255.3
318.3
207.3
74.0
30.6
148.5
108.0
93.5
30.0
154.8
103.0
219.0
112.0
307.8
193.2
190.8
234.3
128.0
173.2
144.0
272.0
333.5
223.0
84.0
41.8
160.0
119.5
102.7
41.3
170.2
116.8
235.5
124.2
323.2
208.5
205.3
251.7
147.8
194.0
162.7
296.5
359.4
247.8
102.0
58.7
179.5
136.6
116.3
58.6
193.3
137.7
258.5
143.1
348.4
231.7
226.8
280.2
168.3
217.0
184.1
323.8
385.0
274.5
125.5
78.0
199.6
155.6
130.7
78.1
217.8
160.0
283.5
163.8
374.6
258.3
250.0
312.7
190.5
240.0
205.0
350.5
410.6
303.0
155.0
98.4
221.5
175.8
145.0
98.5
244.0
184.6
309.4
185.6
399.8
287.5
274.0
344.0
1
5
10
20
40
C12H12
70.0
101.4
116.8
133.8
152.0
C13H12O
C9H9NO4
C7H16
C10H14O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C8H10O
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C9H10O3
C10H12
C10H12
C3H5NS
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C4H5Cl3O2
C5H14Si
C5H14Sn
C7H14O2
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H12O2
C10H12O2
C12H14O3
C10H16O2
C10H16O
C10H18O
C13H10
C6H5F
C7H7F
C7H7F
C7H7F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H2Cl2O2
C5H4O2
C5H6O2
C10H18O
C12H20O2
C14H24O2
C14H24O2
C11H18O2
C5H8O4
C5H6O3
C5H6N2
C5H6Cl2O2
C3H8O3
C3H6Cl2O
124.0
108.1
−37.8
48.5
46.2
60.0
59.3
18.1
−28.0
−64.3
61.2
28.3
26.0
−13.2
9.4
7.2
7.6
20.7
−60.6
−30.0
−6.1
25.7
26.3
22.1
78.4
86.3
101.6
101.7
28.0
45.8
−43.4
−24.2
−22.4
−21.8
155.5
140.2
−17.0
75.7
73.4
86.8
86.5
43.7
−7.2
−45.0
90.0
55.0
52.7
+10.6
34.8
32.3
32.7
45.5
−41.4
−7.6
+17.0
52.0
53.0
48.8
108.1
117.0
132.3
128.7
54.7
70.3
129.3
−22.8
−2.2
−0.3
+0.3
70.5
−20.0
+15.0
18.5
31.8
69.2
73.5
96.8
90.9
61.8
155.5
100.8
91.3
56.1
125.5
28.0
96.3
−5.0
38.5
42.6
56.0
96.8
102.7
125.2
119.6
90.3
183.8
133.3
123.7
84.0
153.8
52.2
171.0
155.0
−6.8
89.5
87.0
100.2
100.2
56.4
+3.4
−35.0
104.2
68.3
66.3
22.8
47.6
44.7
44.9
57.7
−31.8
+3.8
28.7
65.6
66.4
62.1
123.0
132.4
148.0
142.3
68.3
82.1
146.0
−12.4
+8.9
+11.0
11.8
−88.0
109.5
+2.1
51.8
54.8
68.0
110.0
117.9
139.0
133.0
104.3
196.0
149.5
140.0
97.8
167.2
64.7
188.1
173.6
+4.7
103.8
101.5
114.5
115.0
70.3
14.3
−24.0
119.3
82.8
80.8
36.1
61.2
58.2
58.5
70.6
−21.0
16.1
41.3
79.8
80.6
76.5
138.7
149.0
164.2
155.8
83.0
95.6
164.2
−1.2
21.4
23.4
24.0
−79.6
122.5
10.3
65.0
67.8
81.0
125.6
133.0
153.8
147.9
119.8
210.5
166.0
156.5
112.3
182.2
78.0
C6H10O4
C4H4O4
C7H8O2
C21H44
C27H56
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H13ClO
C7H14
C13H20
C7H13N
C6Cl6
C2Cl6
C26H54
C16H34
C16H32
C16H34O
38.3
64.1
103.0
79.1
188.0
248.6
145.2
32.7
−12.7
101.3
64.3
54.6
−14.1
94.6
47.8
149.3
49.8
240.0
135.2
131.7
158.3
77.1
116.6
92.0
205.4
266.8
160.0
43.0
−2.1
113.2
74.7
64.6
−3.5
110.0
61.6
166.4
73.5
257.4
149.8
146.2
177.8
90.8
132.0
106.0
223.2
284.6
177.7
54.0
+9.5
125.6
85.8
75.0
+8.3
126.0
76.3
185.7
87.6
275.8
164.7
162.0
197.8
60
Temperature, °C
Formula
52.4
152.6
211.7
115.0
12.0
−34.0
78.0
42.4
34.2
−35.8
64.0
21.0
114.4
32.7
204.0
105.3
101.6
122.7
47
−118.6
−45
−4
46.5
−30.2
−72.6
1.3
−5.9
−95.5
−99.3
−10
295
19
5
35
113
−42.1
−80
−110.8
−92
8.2
97.5
17.9
−31
97
28.3
40.4
59.5
22.5
−42
−90.6
−10
34.6
230
186.6
56.6
18.5
4
49.3
2-74
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
n-Hexadecylamine (cetylamine)
Hexaethylbenzene
n-Hexane
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
3-Hexanol
1-Hexene
n-Hexyl levulinate
n-Hexyl phenyl ketone (enanthophenone)
Hydrocinnamic acid
Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid)
Hydroquinone
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
α-Hydroxybutyronitrile
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
3-Hydroxypropionitrile
Indene
Iodobenzene
Iodononane
2-Iodotoluene
α-Ionone
Isoprene
Lauraldehyde
Lauric acid
Levulinaldehyde
Levulinic acid
d-Limonene
Linalyl acetate
Maleic anhydride
Menthane
1-Menthol
Menthyl acetate
benzoate
formate
Mesityl oxide
Methacrylic acid
Methacrylonitrile
Methane
Methanethiol
Methoxyacetic acid
N-Methylacetanilide
Methyl acetate
acetylene (propyne)
acrylate
alcohol (methanol)
Methylamine
N-Methylaniline
Methyl anthranilate
benzoate
2-Methylbenzothiazole
α-Methylbenzyl alcohol
Methyl bromide
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
Methyl isobutyl carbinol (2-methyl4-pentanol)
n-butyl ketone (2-hexanone)
isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone)
n-butyrate
isobutyrate
caprate
caproate
caprylate
chloride
chloroacetate
cinnamate
α-Methylcinnamic acid
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclopentane
Methylcyclopropane
Methyl n-decyl ketone (n-dodecan-2-one)
dichloroacetate
N-Methyldiphenylamine
C16H35N
C18H30
C6H14
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12
C11H20O3
C13H18O
C9H10O2
CHN
C6H6O2
C7H6O2
C4H8O3
C5H9NO
C5H10O2
C6H12O2
C3H5NO
C9H8
C6H5I
C9H19I
C7H7I
C13H20O
C5H8
C12H24O
C12H24O2
C5H8O2
C5H8O3
C10H16
C12H20O2
C4H2O3
C10H20
C10H20O
C12H22O2
C17H24O2
C11H20O2
C6H10O
C4H6O2
C4H5N
CH4
CH4S
C3H6O3
C9H11NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH4O
CH5N
C7H9N
C8H9NO2
C8H8O2
C8H7NS
C8H10O
CH3Br
C5H10
C5H10
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C11H22O2
C7H14O2
C9H18O2
CH3Cl
C3H5ClO2
C10H10O2
C10H10O2
C7H14
C6H12
C4H8
C12H24O
C3H4Cl2O2
C13H13N
1
5
10
20
40
123.6
157.8
134.3
−34.5
47.2
34.8
25.7
−38.0
120.0
130.3
133.5
−55.3
153.3
153.2
98.5
65.8
69.3
46.7
87.8
44.3
50.6
96.2
65.9
108.8
−62.3
108.4
150.6
54.9
128.1
40.4
82.5
63.4
35.7
83.2
85.8
154.2
75.8
+14.1
48.5
−23.3
−199.0
−75.3
79.3
103.8
−38.6
−97.5
−23.6
−25.3
−81.3
62.8
109.0
64.4
97.5
75.2
−80.6
−72.8
−57.0
176.0
150.3
−25.0
58.2
45.0
36.7
−28.1
134.7
145.5
148.7
−47.7
163.5
169.7
110.5
77.8
81.0
58.8
102.0
58.5
64.0
109.0
79.8
123.0
−53.3
123.7
166.0
68.0
141.8
53.8
96.0
78.7
48.3
96.0
100.0
170.0
90.0
26.0
60.0
−12.5
−195.5
−67.5
92.0
118.6
−29.3
−90.5
−13.5
−16.2
−73.8
76.2
124.2
77.3
111.2
88.0
−72.8
−64.3
−47.9
195.7
168.0
−14.1
70.3
55.9
49.0
−17.2
150.2
161.0
165.0
−39.7
174.6
186.8
123.8
90.7
94.0
72.0
117.9
73.9
78.3
123.0
95.6
139.0
−43.5
140.2
183.6
82.7
154.1
68.2
111.4
95.0
62.7
110.3
115.4
186.3
105.8
37.9
72.7
−0.6
−191.8
−58.8
106.5
135.1
−19.1
−82.9
−2.7
−6.0
−65.9
90.5
141.5
91.8
125.5
102.1
−64.0
−54.8
−37.9
215.7
187.7
−2.3
83.7
67.9
62.2
−5.0
167.8
178.9
183.3
−30.9
192.0
206.0
138.0
104.8
108.2
86.7
134.1
90.7
94.4
138.1
112.4
155.6
−32.6
157.8
201.4
98.3
169.5
84.3
127.7
111.8
78.3
126.1
132.1
204.3
123.0
51.7
86.4
+12.8
−187.7
−49.2
122.0
152.2
−7.9
−74.3
+9.2
+5.0
−56.9
106.0
159.7
107.8
141.2
117.8
−54.2
−44.1
−26.7
+22.1
28.8
+19.7
−5.5
−13.0
93.5
30.0
61.7
−99.5
19.0
108.1
155.0
−14.0
−33.8
−80.6
106.0
26.7
134.0
33.3
38.8
30.0
+5.0
−2.9
108.0
42.0
74.9
−92.4
30.0
123.0
169.8
−3.2
−23.7
−72.8
120.4
38.1
149.7
45.4
50.0
40.8
16.7
+8.4
123.0
55.4
89.0
−84.8
41.5
140.0
185.2
+8.7
−12.8
−64.0
136.0
50.7
165.8
58.2
62.0
52.8
29.6
21.0
139.0
70.0
105.3
−76.0
54.5
157.9
201.8
22.0
−0.6
−54.2
152.4
64.7
184.0
60
100
200
400
760
228.8
199.7
+5.4
92.0
76.0
70.7
+2.8
179.0
189.8
194.0
−25.1
203.0
217.5
146.4
113.9
117.4
96.0
144.7
100.8
105.0
147.7
123.8
166.3
−25.4
168.7
212.7
108.4
178.0
94.6
138.1
122.0
88.6
136.1
143.2
215.8
133.8
60.4
95.3
21.5
−185.1
−43.1
131.8
164.2
−0.5
−68.8
17.3
12.1
−51.3
115.8
172.0
117.4
150.4
127.4
−48.0
−37.3
−19.4
245.8
216.0
15.8
102.8
87.3
81.8
13.0
193.6
204.2
209.0
−17.8
216.5
233.5
157.7
125.0
129.0
108.2
157.7
114.7
118.3
159.8
138.1
181.2
−16.0
184.5
227.5
121.8
190.2
108.3
151.8
135.8
102.1
149.4
156.7
230.4
148.0
72.1
106.6
32.8
−181.4
−34.8
144.5
179.8
+9.4
−61.3
28.0
21.2
−43.7
129.8
187.8
130.8
163.9
140.3
−39.4
−28.0
−9.9
272.2 300.4 330.0
241.7 268.5 298.3
31.6
49.6
68.7
119.6 138.0 157.0
103.7 121.8 139.9
98.3 117.0 135.5
29.0
46.8
66.0
215.7 241.0 266.8
225.0 248.3 271.3
230.8 255.0 279.8
−5.3 +10.2
25.9
238.0 262.5 286.2
256.8 282.6 310.0
175.2 193.8 212.0
142.0 159.8 178.8
146.5 165.5 185.0
126.8 147.5 167.9
178.0 200.0 221.0
135.6 157.8 181.6
139.8 163.9 188.6
179.0 199.3 219.5
160.0 185.7 211.0
202.5 225.2 250.0
−1.2 +15.4
32.6
207.8 231.8 257.0
249.8 273.8 299.2
142.0 164.0 187.0
208.3 227.4 245.8
128.5 151.4 175.0
173.3 196.2 220.0
155.9 179.5 202.0
122.7 146.0 169.5
168.3 190.2 212.0
178.8 202.8 227.0
253.2 277.1 301.0
169.8 194.2 219.0
90.0 109.8 130.0
123.9 142.5 161.0
50.0
70.3
90.3
−175.5 −168.8 −161.5
−22.1
−7.9
+6.8
163.5 184.2 204.0
202.3 227.4 253.0
24.0
40.0
57.8
−49.8 −37.2 −23.3
43.9
61.8
80.2
34.8
49.9
64.7
−32.4 −19.7
−6.3
149.3 172.0 195.5
212.4 238.5 266.5
151.4 174.7 199.5
183.2 204.5 225.5
159.0 180.7 204.0
−26.5 −11.9
+3.6
−13.8
+2.5
20.2
+4.9
21.6
38.5
67.0
69.8
60.4
37.4
28.9
148.6
79.7
115.3
−70.4
63.0
170.0
212.0
30.5
+7.2
−48.0
163.8
73.6
195.4
78.0
79.8
70.4
48.0
39.6
161.5
91.4
128.0
−63.0
73.5
185.8
224.8
42.1
17.9
−39.3
177.5
85.4
210.1
94.9
94.3
85.6
64.3
55.7
181.6
109.8
148.1
−51.2
90.5
209.6
245.0
59.6
34.0
−26.0
199.0
103.2
232.8
Temperature, °C
−53.9
24.4
14.6
+2.5
−57.5
90.0
100.0
102.2
−71.0
132.4
121.2
73.5
41.0
44.6
22.0
58.7
16.4
24.1
70.0
37.2
79.5
−79.8
77.7
121.0
28.1
102.0
14.0
55.4
44.0
+9.7
56.0
57.4
123.2
47.3
−8.7
25.5
−44.5
−205.9
−90.7
52.5
−57.2
−111.0
−43.7
−44.0
−95.8
36.0
77.6
39.0
70.0
49.0
−96.3
−89.1
−75.4
−0.3
+7.7
−1.4
−26.8
−34.1
63.7
+5.0
34.2
−2.9
77.4
125.7
−35.9
−53.7
−96.0
77.1
3.2
103.5
113.5
111.0
102.0
83.1
73.6
202.9
129.8
170.0
−38.0
109.5
235.0
266.8
79.6
52.3
−11.3
222.5
122.6
257.0
131.7
127.5
119.0
102.3
92.6
224.0
150
193.0
−24.0
130.3
263.0
288.0
100.9
71.8
+4.5
246.5
143.0
282.0
Melting
point,
°C
130
−95.3
−51.6
−98.5
48.5
−13.2
170.3
115.5
79
−47
−2
−28.5
−146.7
44.5
48
33.5
−96.9
58
42.5
54.5
−59
15
−182.5
−121
102
−98.7
−102.7
−97.8
−93.5
−57
24
−12.5
15.4
−93
−135
−133
−56.9
−84.7
−84.7
−18
−40
−97.7
−31.9
33.4
−126.4
−142.4
−7.6
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-75
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm* (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
1
5
10
20
99.3
−35.1
−70.0
−48.3
−24.0
−23.9
−147.3
−74.2
93.8
+9.6
119.8
−21.0
−19.8
−20.4
−16.1
41.6
41.9
−40.4
−39.0
130.0
−13.2
−52.1
−28.0
−1.8
−1.4
−137.0
−57.0
125.4
33.7
152.0
+1.3
+2.6
+1.5
+6.7
65.0
66.0
−19.5
−18.1
−55.0
117.9
66.4
−10.0
145.7
146.3
152.3
95.5
166.8
161.6
−41.7
−39.8
38.0
+16.8
43.6
30.0
−96.5
−21.5
89.3
38.4
−54.3
+8.0
−1.0
104.0
81.6
34.0
42.0
145.5
−2.4
−43.3
−17.7
+9.5
+9.9
−131.6
−48.6
141.8
45.3
168.7
12.3
13.3
12.4
17.8
76.7
77.8
−9.1
−7.8
−45.8
133.2
79.7
+1.0
160.8
161.5
168.5
108.9
184.3
178.0
−32.1
−30.1
49.6
27.6
55.5
42.2
−81.9
−11.8
103.8
50.6
−45.4
17.9
+8.3
119.0
95.3
47.1
55.1
161.3
+9.7
−33.4
−6.5
21.7
22.3
−125.9
−39.2
157.7
58.1
186.0
24.4
25.4
24.5
30.4
89.3
90.4
+2.3
+3.6
−35.6
149.0
93.7
11.0
177.8
178.4
185.7
123.1
202.0
196.4
−21.4
−19.4
61.6
38.8
67.7
55.8
−73.4
−1.0
120.2
64.1
−35.4
28.5
18.3
134.0
110.0
61.8
69.2
179.8
23.3
−22.3
+6.0
35.2
36.2
−119.1
−28.7
177.5
72.3
204.8
37.9
38.9
38.0
44.0
102.7
104.0
14.9
16.4
−24.2
166.0
109.5
25.5
195.8
196.8
203.8
139.0
151.5
+9.8
−8.3
117.0
+2.9
−77.7
40.0
132.0
174.1
74.2
184.0
189.7
125.5
128.6
137.7
141.6
91.8
135.7
151.5
177.6
117.7
127.4
71.6
+1.5
167
−7.9
76.8
128.0
167.3
21.6
+5.4
131.8
14.0
−70.0
53.2
148.3
190.8
85.8
196.8
202.8
142.0
145.5
153.8
157.6
107.2
150.4
167.8
194.4
133.4
142.8
84.9
12.5
188
+2.8
90.4
142.0
184.6
34.5
20.4
147.8
26.4
−61.3
67.0
166.2
207.6
101.7
211.2
216.9
158.0
161.8
171.6
175.8
123.7
167.7
185.5
213.2
150.0
159.0
99.3
24.8
210
14.1
105.8
155.8
60
100
200
400
760
191.4
31.6
−15.7
14.0
43.9
45.0
−115.0
−21.9
189.9
81.8
216.3
46.6
47.6
46.6
52.8
111.5
112.8
23.0
24.5
−16.9
176.8
119.3
34.5
207.5
208.6
214.7
148.6
206.0
42.3
−6.3
25.0
55.7
57.1
−109.0
−12.9
205.0
93.7
231.5
58.3
59.4
58.3
64.6
122.6
123.8
34.1
35.6
−7.0
190.8
133.0
47.0
222.6
223.8
229.8
161.0
228.2
58.5
+8.0
41.6
73.6
75.3
−99.9
+0.8
229.1
111.8
254.5
76.0
77.1
76.1
82.3
139.5
140.0
50.8
52.4
+8.0
253.3
79.0
24.1
60.0
94.0
96.2
−89.5
16.0
255.5
131.7
279.8
96.2
97.4
96.3
102.2
156.6
156.6
69.8
71.6
25.3
278.0
98.6
40.7
79.6
115.6
118.3
−78.2
32.0
282.5
151.5
306.5
117.6
118.9
117.7
122.5
175.5
174.3
90.0
91.9
42.4
153.4
63.0
245.3
246.7
251.6
181.2
175.8
82.0
269.8
270.5
275.8
202.3
197.7
101.0
295.8
295.5
301.0
224.0
214.3
−9.7
−7.3
74.7
51.3
81.2
70.7
−63.8
+11.0
138.0
79.4
−24.3
39.8
29.6
150.8
126.2
77.8
85.0
226.7
−1.9
+0.1
83.4
58.8
89.8
80.1
−57.7
18.7
149.3
88.8
−17.4
47.3
36.2
161.7
136.7
88.3
95.0
242.0
+8.1
10.5
94.2
69.2
100.0
93.0
−49.3
29.0
164.2
101.6
−8.1
56.8
45.5
176.2
150.0
102.2
108.6
265.8
24.1
26.5
111.3
85.0
116.1
112.3
−36.7
44.2
187.4
120.5
+6.0
71.0
59.0
197.8
172.6
121.8
128.7
291.7
41.6
44.2
129.8
102.6
133.2
133.8
−22.2
61.8
212.7
141.7
22.5
86.8
73.8
211.7
197.5
143.0
151.2
319.5
60.3
63.3
147.9
121.2
150.2
155.5
−6.9
79.8
238.5
163.0
39.1
103.3
88.9
246.5
223.2
165.4
175.0
203.7
49.0
38.2
165.7
39.8
−51.7
82.6
186.0
223.5
119.3
225.0
231.5
177.8
181.7
191.5
195.7
142.1
186.0
204.2
234.2
168.8
177.7
115.4
38.0
235
27.5
122.1
172.8
215.0
58.1
47.5
176.6
48.2
−45.3
92.6
198.3
237.2
130.2
234.5
241.3
190.0
193.7
203.8
208.1
154.7
197.8
216.5
245.9
180.7
189.5
125.8
46.5
251
35.5
132.6
181.7
230.5
70.4
59.3
191.5
59.8
−37.1
106.0
214.5
250.5
145.5
245.8
252.7
206.0
209.8
220.0
224.3
169.5
213.0
232.1
261.8
196.2
204.3
139.9
57.8
254.4
89.8
77.5
214.0
77.3
−24.1
126.0
240.4
272.3
167.7
263.5
270.3
229.6
234.0
244.9
249.7
193.8
236.3
255.3
284.5
220.0
227.4
161.2
74.8
279.8
110.8
97.8
238.3
96.7
−10.1
148.3
267.9
294.6
193.2
281.4
289.5
255.8
260.6
272.2
277.4
219.8
260.0
280.2
310.2
246.8
252.1
185.8
94.0
307.0
132.9
119.0
262.5
116.7
+5.3
171.5
297.8
318.0
217.9
300.0
308.5
282.5
288.0
300.8
306.1
247.3
284.5
305.7
336.0
273.5
278.3
210.6
114.0
46.6
146.4
194.1
63.5
167.6
213.0
82.0
191.0
233.5
101.2
214.5
253.0
Temperature, °C
Formula
Methyl n-dodecyl ketone (2-tetradecanone) C14H28O
Methylene bromide (dibromomethane)
CH2Br2
chloride (dichloromethane)
CH2Cl2
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone)
C4H8O
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
C8H18
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
C8H18
Methyl fluoride
CH3F
formate
C2H4O2
α-Methylglutaric anhydride
C6H8O3
Methyl glycolate
C3H6O3
2-Methylheptadecane
C18H38
2-Methylheptane
C8H18
3-Methylheptane
C8H18
4-Methylheptane
C8H18
2-Methyl-2-heptene
C8H16
6-Methyl-3-hepten-2-ol
C8H16O
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol
C8H16O
2-Methylhexane
C7H16
3-Methylhexane
C7H16
Methyl iodide
CH3I
laurate
C13H26O2
levulinate
C6H10O3
methacrylate
C5H8O2
myristate
C15H30O2
α-naphthyl ketone (1-acetonaphthone)
C12H10O
β-naphthyl ketone (2-acetonaphthone)
C12H10O
n-nonyl ketone (undecan-2-one)
C11H22O
palmitate
C17H34O2
n-pentadecyl ketone (2-heptdecanone)
C17H34O
2-Methylpentane
C6H14
3-Methylpentane
C6H14
2-Methyl-1-pentanol
C6H14O
2-Methyl-2-pentanol
C6H14O
Methyl n-pentyl ketone (2-heptanone)
C7H14O
phenyl ether (anisole)
C7H8O
2-Methylpropene
C4H8
Methyl propionate
C4H8O2
4-Methylpropiophenone
C10H12O
2-Methylpropionyl bromide
C4H7BrO
Methyl propyl ether
C4H10O
n-propyl ketone (2-pentanone)
C5H10O
isopropyl ketone (3-Methyl-2-butanone) C5H10O
2-Methylquinoline
C10H9N
Methyl salicylate
C8H8O3
α-Methyl styrene
C9H10
4-Methyl styrene
C9H10
Methyl n-tetradecyl ketone
(2-hexadecanone)
C16H32O
thiocyanate
C2H3NS
isothiocyanate
C2H3NS
undecyl ketone (2-tridecanone)
C13H26O
isovalerate
C6H12O2
Monovinylacetylene (butenyne)
C4H4
Myrcene
C10H16
Myristaldehyde
C14H28O
Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid)
C14H28O2
Naphthalene
C10H8
1-Naphthoic acid
C11H8O2
2-Naphthoic acid
C11H8O2
1-Naphthol
C10H8O
2-Naphthol
C10H8O
1-Naphthylamine
C10H9N
2-Naphthylamine
C10H9N
Nicotine
C10H14N2
2-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
3-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
4-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
C7H5NO3
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
C7H5NO3
Nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2
Nitroethane
C2H5NO2
Nitroglycerin
C3H5N3O9
Nitromethane
CH3NO2
2-Nitrophenol
C6H5NO3
2-Nitrophenyl acetate
C8H7NO4
40
87.8
39.8
−30.5
115.0
115.6
120.2
68.2
134.3
129.6
−60.9
−59.0
15.4
−4.5
19.3
+5.4
−105.1
−42.0
59.6
13.5
−72.2
−12.0
−19.9
75.3
54.0
7.4
16.0
109.8
−14.0
−34.7
86.8
−19.2
−93.2
14.5
99.0
142.0
52.6
156.0
160.8
94.0
104.3
108.0
61.8
104.0
119.3
142.4
85.8
96.2
44.4
−21.0
127
−29.0
49.3
100.0
Melting
point,
°C
−52.8
−96.7
−85.9
−114.5
−90
−99.8
−109.5
−120.8
−121.1
−118.2
−64.4
5
18.5
55.5
15
30
−154
−118
−103
−37.3
−140.3
−87.5
−77.8
−92
−1
−8.3
−23.2
−51
35.5
28.5
23.5
57.5
80.2
160.5
184
96
122.5
50
111.5
71.5
114
146.5
40.9
58
+5.7
−90
11
−29
45
2-76
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
1-Nitropropane
2-Nitropropane
2-Nitrotoluene
3-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitro-1,3-xylene (4-nitro-m-xylene)
Nonacosane
Nonadecane
n-Nonane
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanone
Octacosane
Octadecane
n-Octane
n-Octanol (1-octanol)
2-Octanone
n-Octyl acrylate
iodide (1-Iodooctane)
Oleic acid
Palmitaldehyde
Palmitic acid
Palmitonitrile
Pelargonic acid
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloroethylbenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Pentacosane
Pentadecane
1,3-Pentadiene
1,4-Pentadiene
Pentaethylbenzene
Pentaethylchlorobenzene
n-Pentane
iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane)
neo-Pentane (2,2-dimethylpropane)
2,3,4-Pentanetriol
1-Pentene
α-Phellandrene
Phenanthrene
Phenethyl alcohol (phenyl cellosolve)
2-Phenetidine
Phenol
2-Phenoxyethanol
2-Phenoxyethyl acetate
Phenyl acetate
Phenylacetic acid
Phenylacetonitrile
Phenylacetyl chloride
Phenyl benzoate
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one
Phenyl isocyanate
isocyanide
Phenylcyclohexane
Phenyl dichlorophosphate
m-Phenylene diamine
(1,3-phenylenediamine)
Phenylglyoxal
Phenylhydrazine
N-Phenyliminodiethanol
1-Phenyl-1,3-pentanedione
2-Phenylphenol
4-Phenylphenol
3-Phenyl-1-propanol
Phenyl isothiocyanate
Phorone
iso-Phorone
Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)
Phthalic anhydride
Phthalide
Phthaloyl chloride
2-Picoline
Pimelic acid
α-Pinene
β-Pinene
1
5
10
20
40
C3H7NO2
−9.6
C3H7NO2
−18.8
C7H7NO2
50.0
C7H7NO2
50.2
C7H7NO2
53.7
C8H9NO2
65.6
C29H60
234.2
C19H40
133.2
C9H20
+1.4
C9H20O
59.5
C9H18O
32.1
C28H58
226.5
C18H38
119.6
C8H18
−14.0
C8H18O
54.0
C8H16O
23.6
C11H20O2
58.5
C8H17I
45.8
C18H34O2
176.5
C16H32O
121.6
C16H32O2
153.6
C16H31N
134.3
C9H18O2
108.2
C6HCl5
98.6
C2HCl5
+1.0
C8H5Cl5
96.2
C6HCl5O
C25H52
194.2
C15H32
91.6
C5H8
−71.8
C5H8
−83.5
C16H26
86.0
C16H25Cl
90.0
C5H12
−76.6
C5H12
−82.9
C5H12
−102.0
C5H12O3
155.0
C5H10
−80.4
C10H16
20.0
C14H10
118.2
C8H10O2
58.2
C8H11NO
67.0
C6H6O
40.1
C8H10O2
78.0
C10H12O3
82.6
C8H8O2
38.2
C8H8O2
97.0
C8H7N
60.0
C8H7ClO
48.0
C13H10O2
106.8
C10H10O
81.7
C7H5NO
10.6
C7H5N
12.0
C12H16
67.5
C6H5Cl2O2P
66.7
+13.5
+4.1
79.1
81.0
85.0
95.0
269.8
166.3
25.8
86.1
59.0
260.3
152.1
+8.3
76.5
48.4
87.7
74.8
208.5
154.6
188.1
168.3
126.0
129.7
27.2
130.0
25.3
15.8
93.8
96.0
100.5
109.8
286.4
183.5
38.0
99.7
72.3
277.4
169.6
19.2
88.3
60.9
102.0
90.0
223.0
171.8
205.8
185.8
137.4
144.3
39.8
148.0
230.0
121.0
−53.8
−66.2
120.0
123.8
−62.5
−65.8
−85.4
189.3
−63.3
45.7
154.3
85.9
94.7
62.5
106.6
113.5
64.8
127.0
89.0
75.3
141.5
112.2
36.0
37.0
96.5
95.9
248.2
135.4
−45.0
−57.1
135.8
140.7
−50.1
−57.0
−76.7
204.5
−54.5
58.0
173.0
100.0
108.6
73.8
121.2
128.0
78.0
141.3
103.5
89.0
157.8
127.4
48.5
49.7
111.3
110.0
37.9
28.2
109.6
112.8
117.7
125.8
303.6
200.8
51.2
113.8
87.2
295.4
187.5
31.5
101.0
74.3
117.8
105.9
240.0
190.0
223.8
204.2
149.8
160.0
53.9
166.0
192.2
266.1
150.2
−34.8
−47.7
152.4
158.1
−40.2
−47.3
−67.2
220.5
−46.0
72.1
193.7
114.8
123.7
86.0
136.0
144.5
92.3
156.0
119.4
103.6
177.0
143.8
62.5
63.4
126.4
125.9
51.8
41.8
126.3
130.7
136.0
143.3
323.2
220.0
66.0
129.0
103.4
314.2
207.4
45.1
115.2
89.8
135.6
123.8
257.2
210.0
244.4
223.8
163.7
178.5
69.9
186.2
211.2
285.6
167.7
−23.4
−37.0
171.9
178.2
−29.2
−36.5
−56.1
239.6
−34.1
87.8
215.8
130.5
139.9
100.1
152.2
162.3
108.1
173.6
136.3
119.8
197.6
161.3
77.7
78.3
144.0
143.4
C6H8N2
C8H6O2
C6H8N2
C10H15NO2
C11H12O2
C12H10O
C12H10O
C9H12O
C7H5NS
C9H14O
C9H14O
CCl2O
C8H4O3
C8H6O2
C8H4Cl2O2
C6H7N
C7H12O4
C10H16
C10H16
71.8
145.0
98.0
100.0
131.2
75.0
101.6
179.2
128.5
131.6
74.7
47.2
42.0
38.0
−92.9
96.5
95.5
86.3
−11.1
163.4
−1.0
+4.2
102.4
75.6
68.3
66.7
−77.0
121.3
127.7
118.3
+12.6
196.2
+24.6
30.0
147.0
87.8
115.8
195.8
144.0
146.2
176.2
116.0
89.8
81.5
81.2
−69.3
134.0
144.0
134.2
24.4
212.0
37.3
42.3
163.8
100.7
131.5
213.4
159.9
163.3
193.8
131.2
115.5
95.6
96.8
−60.3
151.7
161.3
151.0
37.4
229.3
51.4
58.1
182.5
115.5
148.2
233.0
178.0
180.3
213.0
147.4
122.5
111.3
114.5
−50.3
172.0
181.0
170.0
51.2
247.0
66.8
71.5
60
200
400
760
60.5
50.3
137.6
142.5
147.9
153.8
334.8
232.8
75.5
139.0
113.8
326.8
219.7
53.8
123.8
99.0
145.6
135.4
269.8
222.6
256.0
236.6
172.3
190.1
80.0
199.0
223.4
298.4
178.4
−16.5
−30.0
184.2
191.0
−22.2
−29.6
−49.0
249.8
−27.1
97.6
229.9
141.2
149.8
108.4
163.2
174.0
118.1
184.5
147.7
129.8
210.8
172.6
87.7
88.0
154.2
153.6
72.3
62.0
151.5
156.9
163.0
168.5
350.0
248.0
88.1
151.3
127.4
341.8
236.0
65.7
135.2
111.7
159.1
150.0
286.0
239.5
271.5
251.5
184.4
205.5
93.5
216.0
239.6
314.0
194.0
−6.7
−20.6
200.0
208.0
−12.6
−20.2
−39.1
263.5
−17.7
110.6
249.0
154.0
163.5
121.4
176.5
189.2
131.6
198.2
161.8
143.5
227.8
187.8
100.6
101.0
169.3
168.0
90.2
80.0
173.7
180.3
186.7
191.7
373.2
271.8
107.5
170.5
148.2
364.8
260.6
83.6
152.0
130.4
180.2
173.3
309.8
264.1
298.7
277.1
203.1
227.0
114.0
241.8
261.8
339.0
216.1
+8.0
−6.7
224.1
230.3
+1.9
−5.9
−23.7
284.5
−3.4
130.6
277.1
175.0
184.0
139.0
197.6
211.3
151.2
219.5
184.2
163.8
254.0
211.0
120.8
120.8
191.3
189.8
110.6
99.8
197.7
206.8
212.5
217.5
397.2
299.8
128.2
192.1
171.2
388.9
288.0
104.0
173.8
151.0
204.0
199.3
334.7
292.3
326.0
304.5
227.5
251.6
137.2
269.3
285.0
365.4
242.8
24.7
+8.3
250.2
257.2
18.5
+10.5
−7.1
307.0
+12.8
152.0
308.0
197.5
207.0
160.0
221.0
235.0
173.5
243.0
208.5
186.0
283.5
235.4
142.7
142.3
214.6
213.0
131.6
120.3
222.3
231.9
238.3
244.0
421.8
330.0
150.8
213.5
195.0
412.5
317.0
125.6
195.2
172.9
227.0
225.5
360.0
321.0
353.8
332.0
253.5
276.0
160.5
299.0
309.3
390.3
270.5
42.1
26.1
277.0
285.0
36.1
27.8
+9.5
327.2
30.1
175.0
340.2
219.5
228.0
181.9
245.3
259.7
195.9
265.5
233.5
210.0
314.0
261.0
165.6
165.0
240.0
239.5
−108
−93
−4.1
15.5
51.9
+2
63.8
32
−53.7
−5
−19
61.6
28
−56.8
−15.4
−16
194.0
124.2
158.7
245.3
189.8
192.2
225.3
156.8
133.3
121.4
125.6
−44.0
185.3
193.5
182.2
59.9
258.2
76.8
81.2
209.9
136.2
173.5
260.6
204.5
205.9
240.9
170.3
147.7
134.0
140.6
−35.6
202.3
210.0
197.8
71.4
272.0
90.1
94.0
233.0
153.8
195.4
284.5
226.7
227.9
263.2
191.2
169.6
153.5
163.3
−22.3
228.0
234.5
222.0
89.0
294.5
110.2
114.1
259.0
173.5
218.2
311.3
251.2
251.8
285.5
212.8
194.0
175.3
188.7
−7.6
256.8
261.8
248.3
108.4
318.5
132.3
136.1
285.5
193.5
243.5
337.8
276.5
275.0
308.0
235.0
218.5
197.2
215.2
+8.3
284.5
290.0
275.8
128.8
342.1
155.0
158.3
62.8
73
19.5
Temperature, °C
Formula
99.8
Melting
point,
°C
100
−45.9
14
34
64.0
31
12.5
85.5
−22
188.5
53.3
10
−129.7
−159.7
−16.6
99.5
40.6
11.6
−6.7
76.5
−23.8
70.5
41.5
+7.5
56.5
164.5
−21.0
28
−104
130.8
73
88.5
−70
103
−55
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-77
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
Piperidine
Piperonal
Propane
Propenylbenzene
Propionamide
Propionic acid
anhydride
Propionitrile
Propiophenone
n-Propyl acetate
iso-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl alcohol (1-propanol)
iso-Propyl alcohol (2-propanol)
n-Propylamine
Propylbenzene
Propyl benzoate
n-Propyl bromide (1-bromopropane)
iso-Propyl bromide (2-bromopropane)
n-Propyl n-butyrate
isobutyrate
iso-Propyl isobutyrate
Propyl carbamate
n-Propyl chloride (1-chloropropane)
iso-Propyl chloride (2-chloropropane)
iso-Propyl chloroacetate
Propyl chloroglyoxylate
Propylene
Propylene glycol (1,2-Propanediol)
Propylene oxide
n-Propyl formate
iso-Propyl formate
4,4′-iso-Propylidenebisphenol
n-Propyl iodide (1-iodopropane)
iso-Propyl iodide (2-iodopropane)
n-Propyl levulinate
iso-Propyl levulinate
Propyl mercaptan (1-propanethiol)
2-iso-Propylnaphthalene
iso-Propyl β-naphthyl ketone
(2-isobutyronaphthone)
2-iso-Propylphenol
3-iso-Propylphenol
4-iso-Propylphenol
Propyl propionate
4-iso-Propylstyrene
Propyl isovalerate
Pulegone
Pyridine
Pyrocatechol
Pyrocaltechol diacetate
(1,2-phenylene diacetate)
Pyrogallol
Pyrotartaric anhydride
Pyruvic acid
Quinoline
iso-Quinoline
Resorcinol
Safrole
Salicylaldehyde
Salicylic acid
Sebacic acid
Selenophene
Skatole
Stearaldehyde
Stearic acid
Stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol)
Styrene
Styrene dibromide [(1,2-dibromoethyl)
benzene]
Suberic acid
Succinic anhydride
Succinimide
Succinyl chloride
α-Terpineol
Terpenoline
C5H11N
C8H6O3
C3H8
C9H10
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C6H10O3
C3H5N
C9H10O
C5H10O2
C5H10O2
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H9N
C9H12
C10H12O2
C3H7Br
C3H7Br
C7H14O2
C7H14O2
C7H14O2
C4H9NO2
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C5H9ClO2
C5H7ClO3
C3H6
C3H8O2
C3H6O
C4H8O2
C4H8O2
C15H16O2
C3H7I
C3H7I
C8H14O3
C8H14O3
C3H8S
C13H14
1
5
10
20
40
87.0
−128.9
17.5
65.0
4.6
20.6
−35.0
50.0
−26.7
−38.3
−15.0
−26.1
−64.4
6.3
54.6
−53.0
−61.8
−1.6
−6.2
−16.3
52.4
−68.3
−78.8
+3.8
9.7
−131.9
45.5
−75.0
−43.0
−52.0
193.0
−36.0
−43.3
59.7
48.0
−56.0
76.0
−7.0
117.4
−115.4
43.8
91.0
28.0
45.3
−13.6
77.9
−5.4
−17.4
+5.0
−7.0
−46.3
31.3
83.8
−33.4
−42.5
+22.1
+16.8
+5.8
77.6
−50.0
−61.1
28.1
32.3
−120.7
70.8
−57.8
−22.7
−32.7
224.2
−13.5
−22.1
86.3
74.5
−36.3
107.9
+3.9
132.0
−108.5
57.0
105.0
39.7
57.7
−3.0
92.2
+5.0
−7.2
14.7
+2.4
−37.2
43.4
98.0
−23.3
−32.8
34.0
28.3
17.0
90.0
−41.0
−52.0
40.2
43.5
−112.1
83.2
−49.0
−12.6
−22.7
240.8
−2.4
−11.7
99.9
88.0
−26.3
123.4
15.8
148.0
−100.9
71.5
119.0
52.0
70.4
+8.8
107.6
16.0
+4.2
25.3
12.7
−27.1
56.8
114.3
−12.4
−22.0
47.0
40.6
29.0
103.2
−31.0
−42.0
53.9
55.6
−104.7
96.4
−39.3
−1.7
−12.1
255.5
+10.0
0.0
114.0
102.4
−15.4
140.3
29.2
165.7
−92.4
87.7
134.8
65.8
85.6
22.0
124.3
28.8
17.0
36.4
23.8
−16.0
71.6
131.8
−0.3
−10.1
61.5
54.3
42.4
117.7
−19.5
−31.0
68.7
68.8
−96.5
111.2
−28.4
+10.8
−0.2
273.0
23.6
+13.2
130.1
118.1
−3.2
159.0
60
100
200
400
760
37.7
177.0
−87.0
97.8
144.3
74.1
94.5
30.1
135.0
37.0
25.1
43.5
30.5
−9.0
81.1
143.3
+7.5
−2.5
70.3
63.0
51.4
126.5
−12.1
−23.5
78.0
77.2
−91.3
119.9
−21.3
18.8
+7.5
282.9
32.1
21.6
140.6
127.8
+4.6
171.4
49.0
191.7
−79.6
111.7
156.0
85.8
107.2
41.4
149.3
47.8
35.7
52.8
39.5
+0.5
94.0
157.4
18.0
+8.0
82.6
73.9
62.3
138.3
−2.5
−13.7
90.3
88.0
−84.1
132.0
−12.0
29.5
17.8
297.0
43.8
32.8
154.0
141.8
15.3
187.6
66.2
214.3
−68.4
132.0
174.2
102.5
127.8
58.2
170.2
64.0
51.7
66.8
53.0
15.0
113.5
180.1
34.0
23.8
101.0
91.8
80.2
155.8
+12.2
+1.3
108.8
104.7
−73.3
149.7
+2.1
45.3
33.6
317.5
61.8
50.0
175.6
161.6
31.5
211.8
85.7
238.5
−55.6
154.7
194.0
122.0
146.0
77.7
194.2
82.0
69.8
82.0
67.8
31.5
135.7
205.2
52.0
41.5
121.7
112.0
100.0
175.8
29.4
18.1
128.0
123.0
−60.9
168.1
17.8
62.6
50.5
339.0
81.8
69.5
198.0
185.2
49.2
238.5
106.0
263.0
−42.1
179.0
213.0
141.1
167.0
97.1
218.0
101.8
89.0
97.8
82.5
48.5
159.2
231.0
71.0
60.0
142.7
133.9
120.5
195.0
46.4
36.5
148.6
150.0
−47.7
188.2
34.5
81.3
68.3
360.5
102.5
89.5
221.2
208.2
67.4
266.0
Temperature, °C
C14H14O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C9H12O
C6H12O2
C11H14
C8H16O2
C10H16O
C5H5N
C6H6O2
133.2
56.6
62.0
67.0
−14.2
34.7
+8.0
58.3
−18.9
165.4
83.8
90.3
94.7
+8.0
62.3
32.8
82.5
+2.5
104.0
181.0
97.0
104.1
108.0
19.4
76.0
45.1
94.0
13.2
118.3
197.7
111.7
119.8
123.4
31.6
91.2
58.0
106.8
24.8
134.0
215.6
127.5
136.2
139.8
45.0
108.0
72.8
121.7
38.0
150.6
227.0
137.7
146.6
149.7
53.8
118.4
82.3
130.2
46.8
161.7
242.3
150.3
160.2
163.3
65.2
132.8
95.0
143.1
57.8
176.0
264.0
170.1
182.0
184.0
82.7
153.9
113.9
162.5
75.0
197.7
288.2
192.6
205.0
206.1
102.0
178.0
135.0
189.8
95.6
221.5
313.0
214.5
228.0
228.2
122.4
202.5
155.9
221.0
115.4
245.5
C10H10O4
C6H6O3
C5H6O3
C3H4O3
C9H7N
C9H7N
C6H6O2
C10H10O2
C7H6O2
C7H6O3
C10H18O4
C4H4Se
C9H9N
C18H36O
C18H36O2
C18H36O
C8H8
98.0
69.7
21.4
59.7
63.5
108.4
63.8
33.0
113.7
183.0
−39.0
95.0
140.0
173.7
150.3
−7.0
129.8
151.7
99.7
45.8
89.6
92.7
138.0
93.0
60.1
136.0
215.7
−16.0
124.2
174.6
209.0
185.6
+18.0
145.7
167.7
114.2
57.9
103.8
107.8
152.1
107.6
73.8
146.2
232.0
−4.0
139.6
192.1
225.0
202.0
30.8
161.8
185.3
130.0
70.8
119.8
123.7
168.0
123.0
88.7
156.8
250.0
+9.1
154.3
210.6
243.4
220.0
44.6
179.8
204.2
147.8
85.3
136.7
141.6
185.3
140.1
105.2
172.2
268.2
24.1
171.9
230.8
263.3
240.4
59.8
191.6
216.3
158.6
94.1
148.1
152.0
195.8
150.3
115.7
182.0
279.8
33.8
183.6
244.2
275.5
252.7
69.5
206.5
232.0
173.8
106.5
163.2
167.6
209.8
165.1
129.4
193.4
294.5
47.0
197.4
260.0
291.0
269.4
82.0
228.7
255.3
196.1
124.7
186.2
190.0
230.8
186.2
150.0
210.0
313.2
66.7
218.8
285.0
316.5
293.5
101.3
253.3
281.5
221.0
144.7
212.3
214.5
253.4
210.0
173.7
230.5
332.8
89.8
242.5
313.8
343.0
320.3
122.5
278.0
309.0
247.4
165.0
237.7
240.5
276.5
233.0
196.5
256.0
352.3
114.3
266.2
342.5
370.0
349.5
145.2
C8H8Br2
C8H14O4
C4H4O3
C4H5NO2
C4H4Cl2O2
C10H18O
C10H16
86.0
172.8
92.0
115.0
39.0
52.8
32.3
115.6
205.5
115.0
143.2
65.0
80.4
58.0
129.8
219.5
128.2
157.0
78.0
94.3
70.6
145.2
238.2
145.3
174.0
91.8
109.8
84.8
161.8
254.6
163.0
192.0
107.5
126.0
100.0
172.2
265.4
174.0
203.0
117.2
136.3
109.8
186.3
279.8
189.0
217.4
130.0
150.1
122.7
207.8
300.5
212.0
240.0
149.3
171.2
142.0
230.0
322.8
237.0
263.5
170.0
194.3
163.5
254.0
345.5
261.0
287.5
192.5
217.5
185.0
Melting
point,
°C
−9
37
−187.1
−30.1
79
−22
−45
−91.9
21
−92.5
−127
−85.8
−83
−99.5
−51.6
−109.9
−89.0
−95.2
−122.8
−117
−185
−112.1
−92.9
−98.8
−90
−112
15.5
26
61
−76
−42
105
133
13.6
−15
24.6
110.7
11.2
−7
159
134.5
95
63.5
69.3
58.5
−30.6
142
119.6
125.5
17
35
2-78
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Formula
1,1,1,2-Tetrabromoethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
Tetraisobutylene
Tetracosane
1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4-ethylbenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-xylene
Tetradecane
Tetradecylamine
Tetradecyltrimethylsilane
Tetraethoxysilane
1,2,3,4-Tetraethylbenzene
Tetraethylene glycol
Tetraethylene glycol chlorohydrin
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethylsilane
Tetralin
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Tetramethylene dibromide
(1,4-dibromobutane)
Tetramethyllead
Tetramethyltin
Tetrapropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether
Thioacetic acid (mercaptoacetic acid)
Thiodiglycol (2,2′-thiodiethanol)
Thiophene
Thiophenol (benzenethiol)
α-Thujone
Thymol
Tiglaldehyde
Tiglic acid
Tiglonitrile
Toluene
Toluene-2,4-diamine
2-Toluic nitrile (2-tolunitrile)
4-Toluic nitrile (4-tolunitrile)
2-Toluidine
3-Toluidine
4-Toluidine
2-Tolyl isocyanide
4-Tolylhydrazine
Tribromoacetaldehyde
1,1,2-Tribromobutane
1,2,2-Tribromobutane
2,2,3-Tribromobutane
1,1,2-Tribromoethane
1,2,3-Tribromopropane
Triisobutylamine
Triisobutylene
2,4,6-Tritertbutylphenol
Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic anhydride
Trichloroacetyl bromide
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-Trichlorobutane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
C2H2Br4
C2H2Br4
C16H32
C24H50
C6H2Cl4
C6H2Cl4
C6H2Cl4
C2Cl4F2
C2H2Cl4
C2H2Cl4
C8H6Cl4
C2Cl4
C6H2Cl4O
C8H6Cl4
C14H30
C14H31N
C17H38Si
C8H20O4Si
C14H22
C8H18O5
C8H17ClO4
C8H20Pb
C8H20Si
C10H12
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C8H18
C4H8Br2
C4H12Pb
C4H12Sn
C15H32O5
C2H4O2S
C4H10O2S
C4H4S
C6H6S
C10H16O
C10H14O
C5H8O
C5H8O2
C5H7N
C7H8
C7H10N2
C8H7N
C8H7N
C7H9N
C7H9N
C7H9N
C8H7N
C7H10N2
C2HBr3O
C4H7Br3
C4H7Br3
C4H7Br3
C2H3Br3
C3H5Br3
C12H27N
C12H24
C18H30O
C2HCl3O2
C4Cl6O3
C2BrCl3O
C6H4Cl3N
C6H3Cl3
C6H3Cl3
C6H3Cl3
C4H7Cl3
C2H3Cl3
C2H3Cl3
C2HCl3
CCl3F
C6H3Cl3O
C6H3Cl3O
1
5
10
20
58.0
65.0
63.8
183.8
68.5
58.2
83.3
95.5
93.7
219.6
99.6
89.0
95.7
110.0
108.5
237.6
114.7
104.1
108.5
126.0
124.5
255.3
131.2
121.6
−37.5
−16.3
−3.8
77.0
−20.6
100.0
94.4
76.4
102.6
120.0
16.0
65.7
153.9
110.1
38.4
−1.0
38.0
42.6
40.6
45.0
−17.4
−16.0
+7.4
+20.7
110.0
+2.4
130.3
125.0
106.0
135.8
150.7
40.3
96.2
183.7
141.8
63.6
+23.9
65.3
68.7
65.8
65.0
+3.2
−5.0
19.3
33.0
126.0
13.8
145.3
140.3
120.7
152.0
166.2
52.6
111.6
197.1
156.1
74.8
36.3
79.0
81.8
77.8
74.6
13.5
32.0
−29.0
−51.3
116.6
60.0
42.0
−40.7
18.6
38.3
64.3
−25.0
52.0
−25.5
−26.7
106.5
36.7
42.5
44.0
41.0
42.0
25.2
82.4
18.5
45.0
41.0
38.2
32.6
47.5
32.3
18.0
95.2
51.0
56.2
−7.4
134.0
40.0
38.4
58.8
−6.8
−31.0
147.8
87.7
96.0
−20.8
43.7
65.7
92.8
−1.6
77.8
−2.4
−4.4
137.2
64.0
71.3
69.3
68.0
68.2
51.0
110.0
45.0
73.5
69.0
66.0
58.0
75.8
57.4
44.0
126.1
76.0
85.3
+16.7
157.8
70.0
67.3
63.8
27.2
−32.0
−2.0
−22.8
−67.6
102.1
105.9
72.4
+4.4
−20.6
163.0
101.5
128.0
−10.9
56.0
79.3
107.4
+10.0
90.2
+9.2
+6.4
151.7
77.9
85.8
81.4
82.0
81.8
64.0
123.8
58.0
87.8
83.2
79.8
70.6
90.0
69.8
56.5
142.0
88.2
99.6
29.3
170.0
85.6
81.7
78.0
40.0
−21.9
+8.3
−12.4
−59.0
117.3
120.2
40
60
100
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
+0.5
−52.0
−24.0
−43.8
−84.3
72.0
76.5
+6.7
32.1
46.2
143.7
26.3
161.0
156.0
135.6
170.0
183.5
65.8
127.7
212.3
172.6
88.0
50.0
93.8
95.8
91.0
88.0
24.6
123.2
144.0
142.2
276.3
149.2
140.0
146.0
19.8
46.7
60.8
162.1
40.1
179.1
174.2
152.7
189.0
201.5
81.1
145.8
228.0
190.0
102.4
65.3
110.4
111.5
105.8
104.2
36.8
132.0
155.1
152.6
288.4
160.0
152.0
157.7
28.1
56.0
70.0
175.0
49.2
190.0
185.8
164.0
200.2
213.3
90.7
156.7
237.8
200.5
111.7
74.8
121.3
121.8
115.4
114.8
44.5
144.0
170.0
167.5
305.2
175.7
168.0
173.5
38.6
68.0
83.2
191.6
61.3
205.2
200.5
178.5
215.7
227.8
103.6
172.4
250.0
214.7
123.8
88.0
135.3
135.7
128.3
128.1
54.8
161.5
192.5
190.0
330.5
198.0
193.7
196.0
55.0
87.2
102.2
215.3
79.8
227.2
223.0
201.8
239.8
250.0
123.5
196.0
268.4
236.5
142.0
108.0
157.2
155.7
149.9
149.5
70.2
181.0
217.5
214.6
358.0
225.5
220.0
220.5
73.1
108.2
124.0
243.0
100.0
250.4
248.3
226.8
264.6
275.0
146.2
221.4
288.0
258.2
161.8
130.2
181.8
180.0
173.7
172.1
87.4
200.0
243.5
240.0
386.4
254.0
246.0
245.0
92.0
130.5
145.9
270.0
120.8
275.0
273.5
252.5
291.2
300.0
168.5
248.0
307.8
281.5
183.0
153.0
207.2
204.4
197.9
195.9
106.3
87.6
16.6
−9.3
179.8
115.8
165.0
0.0
69.7
93.7
122.6
23.2
103.8
22.1
18.4
167.9
93.0
101.7
95.1
96.7
95.8
78.2
138.6
72.1
103.2
98.6
94.6
84.2
105.8
83.0
70.0
158.0
101.8
114.3
42.1
182.6
101.8
97.2
93.7
55.0
−10.8
21.6
−1.0
−49.7
134.0
135.8
104.0
30.3
+3.5
197.7
131.8
210.0
+12.5
84.2
110.0
139.8
37.0
119.0
36.7
31.8
185.7
110.0
109.5
110.0
113.5
111.5
94.0
154.1
87.8
120.2
116.0
111.8
100.0
122.8
97.8
86.7
177.4
116.3
131.2
57.2
195.8
119.8
114.8
110.8
71.5
+1.6
35.2
+11.9
−39.0
151.5
152.2
115.1
39.2
11.7
209.0
142.0
240.5
20.1
93.9
120.2
149.8
45.8
127.8
46.0
40.3
196.2
120.8
130.0
119.8
123.8
121.5
104.0
165.0
97.5
131.6
127.0
122.2
110.0
134.0
107.3
96.7
188.0
125.9
141.8
66.7
204.5
131.5
125.7
121.8
82.0
9.5
44.0
20.0
−32.3
162.5
163.5
128.7
50.8
22.8
223.3
154.0
285
30.5
106.6
134.0
164.1
57.7
140.5
58.2
51.9
211.5
135.0
145.2
133.0
136.7
133.7
117.7
178.0
110.2
146.0
141.8
136.3
123.5
148.0
119.7
110.0
203.0
137.8
155.2
79.5
214.6
146.0
140.0
136.0
96.2
20.0
55.7
31.4
−23.0
178.0
177.8
149.8
68.8
39.8
245.0
173.8
89.0
58.5
268.3
197.5
110.0
78.0
292.7
46.5
125.8
154.2
185.5
75.4
158.0
77.8
69.5
232.8
156.0
167.3
153.0
157.6
154.0
137.8
198.0
130.0
167.8
163.5
157.8
143.5
170.0
138.0
130.2
226.2
155.4
176.2
98.4
229.8
168.2
162.0
157.7
118.0
36.2
73.3
48.0
−9.1
201.5
199.0
64.7
146.7
177.8
209.2
95.5
179.2
99.7
89.5
256.0
180.0
193.0
176.2
180.6
176.9
159.9
219.5
151.6
192.0
188.0
182.2
165.4
195.0
157.8
153.0
250.6
175.2
199.8
120.2
246.4
193.5
187.7
183.0
143.0
54.6
93.0
67.0
+6.8
226.5
222.5
84.4
168.0
201.0
231.8
116.4
198.5
122.0
110.6
280.0
205.2
217.6
199.7
203.3
200.4
183.5
242.0
174.0
216.2
213.8
206.5
188.4
220.0
179.0
179.0
276.3
195.6
223.0
143.0
262.0
218.5
213.0
208.4
169.0
74.1
113.9
86.7
23.7
251.8
246.0
Melting
point,
°C
51.1
46.5
54.5
139
26.5
−68.7
−36
−19.0
69.5
5.5
11.6
−136
−31.0
−6.2
−24.0
79.5
−102.2
−20
−27.5
−16.5
−38.3
51.5
64.5
−95.0
99
−13
29.5
−16.3
−31.5
44.5
65.5
−26
16.5
−22
57
78
52.5
17
63.5
−30.6
−36.7
−73
62
68.5
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-10
2-79
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Concluded)
Pressure, mmHg
Compound
Name
Tri-2-chlorophenylthiophosphate
1,1,1-Trichloropropane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Tricosane
Tridecane
Tridecanoic acid
Triethoxymethylsilane
Triethoxyphenylsilane
1,2,4-Triethylbenzene
1,3,4-Triethylbenzene
Triethylborine
Triethyl camphoronate
citrate
Triethyleneglycol
Triethylheptylsilane
Triethyloctylsilane
Triethyl orthoformate
phosphate
Triethylthallium
Trifluorophenylsilane
Trimethallyl phosphate
2,3,5-Trimethylacetophenone
Trimethylamine
2,4,5-Trimethylaniline
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
Trimethyl citrate
Trimethyleneglycol (1,3-propanediol)
1,2,4-Trimethyl-5-ethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone
Trimethyl phosphate
2,4,5-Trimethylstyrene
2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene
Trimethylsuccinic anhydride
Triphenylmethane
Triphenylphosphate
Tripropyleneglycol
Tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Tripropyleneglycol monoisopropyl ether
Tritolyl phosphate
Undecane
Undecanoic acid
10-Undecenoic acid
Undecan-2-ol
n-Valeric acid
iso-Valeric acid
γ-Valerolactone
Valeronitrile
Vanillin
Vinyl acetate
2-Vinylanisole
3-Vinylanisole
4-Vinylanisole
Vinyl chloride (1-chloroethylene)
cyanide (acrylonitrile)
fluoride (1-fluoroethylene)
Vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethene)
4-Vinylphenetole
2-Xenyl dichlorophosphate
2,4-Xyaldehyde
2-Xylene (2-xylene)
3-Xylene (3-xylene)
4-Xylene (4-xylene)
2,4-Xylidine
2,6-Xylidine
1
5
10
20
217.2
231.2
246.7
261.7
−7.0
33.7
−49.4
206.3
98.3
166.3
+22.8
98.8
74.2
76.0
+4.2
46.0
−40.3
223.0
104.0
181.0
34.6
112.6
88.5
90.2
−148.0
166.0
144.0
158.1
114.6
120.6
40.5
82.1
51.7
+0.8
149.8
122.3
−73.8
109.0
55.9
50.7
47.4
−18.8
160.4
100.6
84.6
80.5
+3.9
−4.3
+6.9
+7.1
46.4
67.8
91.6
79.7
97.4
197.0
249.8
140.5
147.0
127.3
198.0
73.9
149.0
156.3
112.8
79.8
71.3
79.8
30.0
154.0
−18.0
81.0
83.0
85.7
−83.7
−20.3
−132.2
−51.2
105.6
187.0
99.0
32.1
28.3
27.3
93.0
87.0
16.2
59.3
−30.0
242.0
120.2
195.8
47.2
127.2
104.0
105.8
−140.6
183.6
171.1
174.0
130.3
137.7
53.4
97.8
67.7
12.3
169.8
137.5
−65.0
123.7
69.9
64.5
61.0
−7.5
177.2
115.5
99.7
96.0
16.0
+7.5
19.2
19.3
57.6
83.0
107.1
94.8
113.8
206.8
269.7
155.8
161.8
143.7
213.2
85.6
166.0
172.0
127.5
93.1
84.0
95.2
43.3
170.5
−7.0
94.7
97.2
100.0
−75.7
−9.0
−125.4
−41.7
120.3
205.0
114.0
45.1
41.1
40.1
107.6
102.7
29.9
74.0
−18.5
261.3
137.7
212.4
61.7
143.5
121.7
122.6
−131.4
201.8
190.4
191.3
148.0
155.7
67.5
115.7
85.4
25.4
192.0
154.2
−55.2
139.8
85.4
79.8
76.1
+5.2
194.2
131.0
106.0
113.2
29.5
20.7
33.0
32.9
69.8
100.0
124.2
111.8
131.0
215.5
290.3
173.7
179.8
161.4
229.7
104.4
185.6
188.7
143.7
107.8
98.0
101.9
57.8
188.7
+5.3
110.0
112.5
116.0
−66.8
+3.8
−118.0
−31.1
136.3
223.8
129.7
59.5
55.3
54.4
123.8
120.2
60
100
200
400
760
271.5
283.8
302.8
322.0
341.3
38.3
83.6
−11.2
273.8
148.2
222.0
70.4
153.2
132.2
133.4
−125.2
213.5
202.5
201.5
158.2
168.0
76.0
126.3
95.7
33.2
207.0
165.7
−48.8
149.5
95.3
89.5
85.8
13.3
205.5
141.1
126.3
123.8
38.1
29.1
41.8
41.6
77.3
110.0
135.5
122.3
142.2
221.2
305.2
184.6
190.2
173.2
239.8
115.2
197.2
199.5
153.7
116.6
107.3
122.4
66.9
199.8
13.0
119.8
122.3
126.1
−61.1
11.8
−113.0
−24.0
146.4
236.0
139.8
68.8
64.4
63.5
133.7
131.5
50.0
96.1
−1.7
289.8
162.5
236.0
82.7
167.5
146.8
147.7
−116.0
228.6
217.8
214.6
174.0
184.3
88.0
141.6
112.1
44.2
225.7
179.7
−40.3
162.0
108.8
102.8
98.9
24.4
219.6
153.4
140.3
137.9
49.9
40.7
53.8
53.4
87.6
124.0
149.8
136.8
156.5
228.4
322.5
199.0
204.4
187.8
252.2
128.1
212.5
213.5
167.2
128.3
118.9
136.5
78.6
214.5
23.3
132.3
135.3
139.7
−53.2
22.8
−106.2
−15.0
159.8
251.5
152.2
81.3
76.8
75.9
146.8
146.0
67.7
115.6
+13.5
313.5
185.0
255.2
101.0
188.0
168.3
168.3
−101.0
250.8
242.2
235.2
196.0
208.0
106.0
163.7
136.0
60.1
255.0
201.3
−27.0
182.3
129.0
122.7
118.6
41.2
241.3
172.8
160.3
158.4
67.8
58.1
72.0
71.3
102.2
145.0
171.8
157.8
179.8
239.7
349.8
220.2
224.4
209.7
271.8
149.3
237.8
232.8
187.7
146.0
136.2
157.7
97.7
237.3
38.4
151.0
154.0
159.0
−41.3
38.7
−95.4
−1.0
180.0
275.3
172.3
100.2
95.5
94.6
166.4
168.0
87.5
137.0
30.2
339.8
209.4
276.5
121.8
210.5
193.7
193.2
−81.0
276.0
267.5
256.6
221.0
235.0
125.7
187.0
163.5
78.7
288.5
224.3
−12.5
203.7
152.0
145.4
141.0
60.4
264.2
193.8
184.5
183.5
88.2
78.0
92.7
91.8
118.4
167.8
196.1
182.3
205.5
249.8
379.2
244.3
247.0
232.8
292.7
171.9
262.8
254.0
209.8
165.0
155.2
182.3
118.7
260.0
55.5
172.1
175.8
182.0
−28.0
58.3
−84.0
+14.8
202.8
301.5
194.1
121.7
116.7
115.9
188.3
193.7
108.2
158.0
47.6
366.5
234.0
299.0
143.5
233.5
218.0
217.5
−56.2
301.0
294.0
278.3
247.0
262.0
146.0
211.0
192.1
98.3
324.0
247.5
+2.9
234.5
176.1
169.2
164.7
80.9
287.0
214.2
208.1
208.0
109.8
99.2
114.8
113.5
135.0
192.7
221.2
207.0
231.0
259.2
413.5
267.2
269.5
256.6
313.0
195.8
290.0
275.0
232.0
184.4
175.1
207.5
140.8
285.0
72.5
194.0
197.5
204.5
−13.8
78.5
−72.2
31.7
225.0
328.5
215.5
144.4
139.1
138.3
211.5
217.9
Temperature, °C
Formula
C18H12Cl3O3 188.2
PS
C3H5Cl3
−28.8
C3H5Cl3
+9.0
C2Cl3F3
−68.0
C23H48
170.0
C13H28
59.4
C13H26O2
137.8
C7H18O3Si
−1.5
C12H20O3Si
71.0
C12H18
46.0
C12H18
47.9
C6H15B
C15H26O6
C12H20O7
107.0
C6H14O4
114.0
C13H30Si
70.0
C14H32Si
73.7
C7H16O3
+5.5
C6H15O4P
39.6
C6H15Tl
+9.3
C6H5F3Si
−31.0
C12H21PO4
93.7
C11H14O
79.0
C3H9N
−97.1
C9H13N
68.4
C9H12
16.8
C9H12
13.6
C9H12
9.6
C7H16
C9H14O7
106.2
C3H8O2
59.4
C11H16
43.7
C11H16
38.8
C8H18
−29.0
C8H18
−36.5
C8H18
−25.8
C8H18
−26.3
C8H16O
14.7
C3H9O4P
26.0
C11H14
48.1
C11H14
37.5
C7H10O3
53.5
C19H16
169.7
C18H15O4P
193.5
C9H20O4
96.0
C13H28O4
101.5
C12H26O4
82.4
C21H21O4P
154.6
C11H24
32.7
C11H22O2
101.4
C11H20O2
114.0
C11H24O
71.1
C5H10O2
42.2
C5H10O2
34.5
C5H8O2
37.5
C5H9N
−6.0
C8H8O3
107.0
C4H6O2
−48.0
C9H10O
41.9
C9H10O
43.4
C9H10O
45.2
C2H3Cl
−105.6
C3H3N
−51.0
C2H3F
−149.3
C2H2Cl2
−77.2
C10H12O
64.0
C12H9Cl2PO 138.2
C9H10O
59.0
C8H10
−3.8
C8H10
−6.9
C8H10
−8.1
52.6
C8H11N
C8H11N
44.0
40
150.2
138.7
144.0
99.8
104.8
29.2
67.8
37.6
−9.7
131.0
108.0
−81.7
95.9
42.9
38.3
34.7
146.2
87.2
71.2
67.0
−7.1
−15.0
−3.9
−4.1
36.0
53.7
77.0
65.7
82.6
188.4
230.4
125.7
131.6
112.4
184.2
59.7
133.1
142.8
99.0
67.7
59.6
65.8
+18.1
138.4
−28.0
68.0
69.9
72.0
−90.8
−30.7
−138.0
−60.0
91.7
171.1
85.9
+20.2
+16.8
+15.5
79.8
72.6
Melting
point,
°C
−77.7
−14.7
−35
47.7
−6.2
41
135
−63.0
−117.1
67
−25.5
−44.1
−44.8
−25.0
78.5
−112.3
−107.3
−101.5
−109.2
93.4
49.4
−25.6
29.5
24.5
−34.5
−37.6
81.5
−153.7
−82
−160.5
−122.5
75
−25.2
−47.9
+13.3
2-80
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
UNITS CONVERSIONS
To convert cubic feet to cubic meters, multiply by 0.02832.
To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by
14.504.
To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄5°C + 32
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch,
multiply by 0.01934.
TABLE 2-11
Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl*
log10 pmm = A − B/T, (T in K), which, however, agrees only approximately with the table. The table is more nearly correct.
Partial pressure of H2O, mmHg, °C
% HCl
A
B
0°
5°
10°
15°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100° 110°
6
10
14
18
20
8.99156
8.99864
8.97075
8.98014
8.97877
2282
2295
2300
2323
2334
4.18
3.84
3.39
2.87
2.62
6.04
5.52
4.91
4.21
3.83
8.45
7.70
6.95
5.92
5.40
11.7
10.7
9.65
8.26
7.50
15.9
14.6
13.1
11.3
10.3
21.8
20.0
18.0
15.4
14.1
29.1
26.8
24.1
20.6
19.0
39.4
35.5
31.9
27.5
25.1
50.6
47.0
42.1
36.4
33.3
66.2
61.5
55.3
47.9
43.6
86.0
80.0
72.0
62.5
57.0
139
130
116
102
93.5
220
204
185
162
150
333
310
273
248
230
492
463
425
374
345
715
677
625
550
510
960
892
783
729
22
24
26
28
30
9.02708
8.96022
9.01511
8.97611
9.00117
2363
2356
2390
2395
2422
2.33
2.05
1.76
1.50
1.26
3.40
3.04
2.60
2.24
1.90
4.82
4.31
3.71
3.21
2.73
6.75
6.03
5.21
4.54
3.88
9.30
8.30
7.21
6.32
5.41
12.6
11.4
9.95
8.75
7.52
17.1
15.4
13.5
11.8
10.2
22.8
20.4
18.0
15.8
13.7
30.2
27.1
24.0
21.1
18.4
39.8
35.7
31.7
27.9
24.3
52.0
46.7
41.5
36.5
32.0
85.6
77.0
69.0
60.7
53.5
138
124
112
99.0
87.5
211
194
173
154
136
317
290
261
234
207
467
426
387
349
310
670
611
555
499
444
32
34
36
38
40
42
9.03317
9.07143
9.11815
9.20783
9.33923
9.44953
2453
2487
2526
2579
2647
2709
1.04
0.85
0.68
0.53
0.41
0.31
1.57
1.29
1.03
0.81
0.63
0.48
2.27
1.87
1.50
1.20
0.94
0.72
3.25
2.70
2.19
1.75
1.37
1.06
4.55
3.81
3.10
2.51
2.00
1.56
6.37
5.35
4.41
3.60
2.88
2.30
8.70
7.32
6.08
5.03
4.09
3.28
11.7
9.95
8.33
6.92
5.68
4.60
15.7
13.5
11.4
9.52
7.85
6.45
21.0
18.1
15.4
13.0
10.7
8.90
27.7
24.0
20.4
17.4
14.5
12.1
46.5
40.5
34.8
29.6
25.0
21.2
76.5
66.5
57.0
49.1
42.1
35.8
120
104
90.0
77.5
67.3
57.2
184
161
140
120
105
89.2
275
243
212
182
158
135
396
355
311
266
230
195
*Uncertainty, ca. 2 percent for solutions of 15 to 30 percent HCl between 0 and 100°; for solutions of > 30 percent HCl the accuracy is ca. 5 percent at the lower
temperatures and ca. 15 percent at the higher temperatures. Below 15 percent HCl, the uncertainty is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and higher strengths to
ca. 15 to 20 percent at the lower strengths and perhaps 15 to 20 percent at the higher temperatures and lower strengths.
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 301.
TABLE 2-12
Partial Pressures of HCl over Aqueous Solutions of HCl*
%
HCl
B
A
log10 pmm = A − B/T, (T in K), which, however, agrees only approximately with the table. The table is more nearly correct. mmHg, °C
0°
5°
10°
15°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
110°
2
4
6
8
10
11.8037 4736
0.0000117 0.000023 0.000044 0.000084 0.000151 0.000275 0.00047 0.00083 0.00140 0.00380 0.0100 0.0245 0.058 0.132 0.280
11.6400 4471 0.000018 0.000036 .000069
.000131 .00024
.00044
.00077
.00134
.0023
.00385 .0064
.0165
.0405 .095
.21
.46
.93
11.2144 4202 .000066 .000125 .000234
.000425 .00076
.00131
.00225
.0038
.0062
.0102
.0163
.040
.094
.206
.44
.92 1.78
11.0406 4042 .000118 .000323 .000583
.00104
.00178
.0031
.00515
.0085
.0136
.022
.0344
.081
.183
.39
.82 1.64 3.10
10.9311 3908 .00042
.00075
.00134
.00232
.00395
.0067
.0111
.0178
.0282
.045
.069
.157
.35
.73
1.48 2.9
5.4
12
14
16
18
20
10.7900 3765
10.6954 3636
10.6261 3516
10.4957 3376
10.3833 3245
22
24
26
28
30
.00099
.0024
.0056
.0135
.0316
.00175
.00415
.0095
.0225
.052
.00305
.0071
.016
.037
.084
.0052
.0118
.0265
.060
.132
.0088
.0196
.0428
.095
.205
.0145
.0316
.0685
.148
.32
.0234
.050
.106
.228
.48
.037
.078
.163
.345
.72
.058
.121
.247
.515
1.06
.091
.185
.375
.77
1.55
.136
.275
.55
1.11
2.21
.305
.60
1.17
2.3
4.4
.66
1.25
2.40
4.55
8.5
1.34
2.50
4.66
8.6
15.6
2.65
4.8
8.8
15.7
28.1
5.1
9.0
16.1
28
49
9.3
16.0
28
48
83
10.3172 3125 .0734
10.2185 2995 .175
10.1303 2870 .41
10.0115 2732 1.0
9.8763 2593 2.4
.119
.277
.64
1.52
3.57
.187
.43
.98
2.27
5.23
.294
.66
1.47
3.36
7.60
.45
1.00
2.17
4.90
10.6
.68
1.49
3.20
7.05
15.1
1.02
2.17
4.56
9.90
21.0
1.50
3.14
6.50
13.8
28.6
2.18
4.5
9.2
19.1
39.4
3.14
6.4
12.7
26.4
53
4.42
8.9
17.5
35.7
71
8.6
16.9
32.5
64
124
16.3
31.0
58.5
112
208
29.3
54.5
100
188
340
52
94
169
309
542
90
157
276
493
845
146
253
436
760
32
34
36
38
40
9.7523 2457 5.7
9.6061 2316 13.1
9.5262 2229 29.0
9.4670 2094 63.0
9.2156 1939 130
8.3
18.8
41.0
87.0
176
11.8
26.4
56.4
117
233
16.8
36.8
78
158
307
23.5
50.5
105.5
210
399
32.5
68.5
142
277
515
44.5
92
188
360
627
60.0
122
246
465
830
81
161
322
598
107
211
416
758
141
273
535
955
238
450
860
390
720
623
970
42
44
46
8.9925 1800 253
8.8621 1681 510
940
332
655
430
840
560
709
900
*Uncertainty, ca. 2 percent for solutions of 15 to 30 percent HCl between 0 and 100°; for solutions of > 30 percent HCl the accuracy is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and ca.
15 percent at the higher temperatures. Below 15 percent HCl, the uncertainty is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and higher strengths to ca. 15 to 20 percent at the lower strengths
and perhaps 15 to 20 percent at the higher temperatures and lower strengths.
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 301.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
FIG. 2-1 Vapor pressures of H3PO4 aqueous: partial pressure of H2O vapor.
(Courtesy of Victor Chemical Works, Stauffer Chemical Company; measurements by W. H. Woodstock.)
TABLE 2-13
2-81
Vapor pressures of H3PO4 aqueous: weight of H2O in saturated air.
(Courtesy of Victor Chemical Works, Stauffer Chemical Company; measurements by W. H. Woodstock.)
FIG. 2-2
Partial Pressures of H2O and SO2 over Aqueous Solutions of Sulfur Dioxide*
Partial pressures of H2O and SO2, mmHg, °C
Temperature, °C
g SO2 /
100 g H2O
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
120
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.02
0.38
1.15
2.10
3.17
0.04
0.66
1.91
3.44
5.13
0.07
1.07
3.03
5.37
7.93
0.12
1.68
4.62
8.07
11.8
0.19
2.53
6.80
11.7
17.0
0.29
3.69
9.71
16.5
23.8
0.43
5.24
13.5
22.7
32.6
1.21
12.9
31.7
52.2
73.7
2.82
27.0
63.9
104
145
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50
1.00
4.34
5.57
8.17
10.9
25.8
6.93
8.84
12.8
17.0
39.5
10.6
13.5
19.4
25.6
58.4
15.7
19.8
28.3
37.1
83.7
22.5
28.2
40.1
52.3
117
31.4
39.2
55.3
72.0
159
42.8
53.3
74.7
96.8
212
95.8
118
164
211
454
186
229
316
404
856
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
58.6
93.2
129
165
202
88.5
139
192
245
299
129
202
277
353
430
183
285
389
496
602
253
393
535
679
824
342
530
720
453
700
955
8.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
275
351
542
735
407
517
796
585
741
818
*Extracted with permission from J. Chem Eng. Data 8, 1963: 333–336. Copyright 1963 American Chemical Society.
2-82
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-14
Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions*
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.582E−02
.117E−01
.223E−01
.404E−01
.703E−01
.117
.189
.296
.449
.664
.534E−02
.107E−01
.205E−01
.373E−01
.649E−01
.109
.175
.275
.417
.617
.448E−02
.909E−02
.174E−01
.319E−01
.558E−01
.939E−01
.152
.239
.365
.542
.326E−02
.670E−02
.130E−01
.241E−01
.427E−01
.725E−01
.119
.188
.290
.434
.193E−02
.405E−02
.802E−02
.151E−01
.272E−01
.470E−01
.782E−01
.126
.196
.298
.836E−03
.180E−02
.367E−02
.710E−02
.131E−01
.232E−01
.395E−01
.651E−01
.104
.161
.207E−03
.467E−03
.995E−03
.201E−02
.387E−02
.715E−02
.127E−01
.217E−01
.360E−01
.578E−01
.747E−04
.175E−03
.388E−03
.811E−03
.162E−02
.309E−02
.565E−02
.997E−02
.170E−01
.281E−01
.197E−04
.490E−04
.115E−04
.253E−03
.531E−03
.106E−02
.204E−02
.376E−02
.668E−02
.115E−01
.343E−05
.952E−05
.245E−04
.589E−04
.133E−03
.286E−03
.584E−03
.114E−02
.213E−02
.383E−02
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.957
1.349
1.863
2.524
3.361
4.404
5.685
7.236
9.093
11.289
.891
1.258
1.740
2.361
3.149
4.132
5.342
6.810
8.571
10.658
.786
1.113
1.544
2.101
2.810
3.697
4.793
6.127
7.731
9.640
.634
.904
1.264
1.732
2.333
3.090
4.031
5.185
6.584
8.259
.441
.638
.903
1.253
1.708
2.289
3.021
3.930
5.045
6.397
.244
.360
.519
.734
1.020
1.392
1.870
2.475
3.233
4.169
.905E−01
.138
.206
.301
.481
.605
.837
1.138
1.525
2.017
.452E−01
.708E−01
.108
.162
.236
.339
.478
.662
.902
1.212
.192E−01
.312E−01
.493E−01
.760E−01
.115
.170
.246
.350
.489
.673
.666E−02
.112E−01
.183E−01
.291E−01
.451E−01
.682E−01
.101
.147
.208
.291
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
13.861
16.841
20.264
24.160
28.561
33.494
38.984
45.055
51.726
59.015
13.107
15.951
19.225
22.960
27.188
31.939
37.240
43.116
49.590
56.681
11.887
14.505
17.529
20.992
24.927
29.364
34.334
39.865
45.984
52.715
10.245
12.576
15.287
18.414
21.992
26.056
30.642
35.784
41.514
47.865
8.020
9.948
12.217
14.864
17.929
21.452
25.472
30.030
35.168
40.926
5.312
6.696
8.354
10.322
12.641
15.351
18.496
22.121
26.274
31.003
2.632
3.395
4.331
5.466
6.831
8.458
10.382
12.640
15.269
18.311
1.606
2.101
2.714
3.467
4.381
5.480
6.788
8.333
10.142
12.242
.913
1.220
1.609
2.096
2.699
3.435
4.326
5.395
6.663
8.155
.401
.542
.724
.952
1.237
1.587
2.012
2.525
3.136
3.857
300 66.934
310 75.495
320 84.705
330 94.567
340 105.083
350 116.251
64.407
72.781
81.816
91.518
101.894
112.946
60.081
68.100
76.792
86.172
96.252
107.043
54.868
62.553
70.947
80.077
89.969
100.646
47.346
54.470
62.337
70.988
80.463
90.802
36.360
42.395
49.164
56.721
65.123
74.426
21.808
25.804
30.343
35.473
41.240
47.692
14.665
17.438
20.591
24.153
28.154
32.622
9.897
11.912
14.227
16.867
19.855
23.217
4.701
5.680
6.806
8.093
9.551
11.193
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-14
2-83
Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions (Concluded )
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.518E−06
.159E−05
.448E−05
.117E−04
.285E−04
.652E−04
.141E−03
.290E−03
.569E−03
.107E−02
.242E−06
.762E−06
.220E−05
.587E−05
.146E−04
.341E−04
.754E−04
.158E−03
.316E−03
.606E−03
.107E−06
.344E−06
.101E−05
.275E−05
.696E−05
.166E−04
.372E−04
.795E−04
.162E−03
.315E−03
.401E−07
.130E−06
.390E−06
.108E−05
.278E−05
.672E−05
.154E−04
.334E−04
.691E−04
.137E−03
.218E−07
.713E−07
.215E−06
.598E−06
.155E−05
.379E−05
.875E−05
.192E−04
.400E−04
.801E−04
.980E−08
.323E−07
.978E−07
.275E−06
.720E−06
.177E−05
.413E−05
.912E−05
.192E−04
.388E−04
.569E−08
.188E−07
.572E−07
.161E−06
.424E−06
.105E−05
.245E−05
.544E−05
.115E−04
.234E−04
.268E−08
.888E−08
.271E−07
.766E−07
.202E−06
.503E−06
.118E−05
.263E−05
.559E−05
.114E−04
.775E−09
.258E−08
.789E−08
.224E−07
.595E−07
.149E−06
.350E−06
.784E−06
.168E−05
.343E−05
.196E−09
.655E−09
.201E−08
.575E−08
.153E−07
.384E−07
.910E−07
.205E−06
.439E−06
.903E−06
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.194E−02
.338E−02
.571E−02
.938E−02
.150E−01
.233E−01
.354E−01
.526E−01
.766E−01
.110
.112E−02
.198E−02
.341E−02
.569E−02
.923E−02
.146E−01
.225E−01
.340E−01
.502E−01
.729E−01
.590E−03
.107E−02
.186E−02
.315E−02
.519E−02
.832E−02
.130E−01
.199E−01
.298E−01
.438E−01
.261E−03
.479E−03
.851E−03
.146E−02
.245E−02
.399E−02
.633E−02
.983E−02
.149E−01
.222E−01
.154E−03
.285E−03
.511E−03
.886E−03
.149E−02
.245E−02
.393E−02
.614E−02
.941E−02
.141E−01
.752E−04
.141E−03
.254E−03
.445E−03
.757E−03
.125E−02
.202E−02
.319E−02
.492E−02
.744E−02
.455E−04
.855E−04
.155E−03
.278E−03
.467E−03
.776E−03
.126E−02
.199E−02
.309E−02
.469E−02
.223E−04
.420E−04
.766E−04
.135E−03
.232E−03
.387E−03
.629E−03
.999E−03
.155E−02
.236E−02
.674E−05
.128E−04
.233E−04
.414E−04
.711E−04
.119E−03
.194E−03
.309E−03
.482E−03
.735E−03
.178E−05
.339E−05
.623E−05
.111E−04
.191E−04
.321E−04
.526E−04
.840E−04
.131E−03
.201E−03
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.154
.213
.290
.389
.514
.673
.870
1.112
1.407
1.763
.104
.146
.201
.273
.366
.485
.635
.822
1.052
1.335
.631E−01
.894E−01
.125
.171
.232
.310
.409
.534
.689
.880
.325E−01
.467E−01
.660E−01
.918E−01
.126
.170
.227
.300
.391
.505
.208E−01
.300E−01
.427E−01
.598E−01
.825E−01
.112
.151
.200
.263
.341
.110E−01
.161E−01
.230E−01
.325E−01
.451E−01
.618E−01
.835E−01
.111
.147
.192
.698E−02
.102E−01
.147E−01
.208E−01
.290E−01
.398E−01
.540E−01
.723E−01
.957E−01
.125
.352E−02
.516E−02
.743E−02
.105E−01
.147E−01
.202E−01
.274E−01
.366E−01
.485E−01
.634E−01
.110E−02
.161E−02
.232E−02
.329E−02
.460E−02
.633E−02
.858E−02
.115E−01
.152E−01
.199E−01
.300E−03
.442E−03
.638E−03
.906E−03
.127E−02
.174E−02
.237E−02
.317E−02
.420E−02
.548E−02
300
310
320
330
340
350
2.190
2.696
3.292
3.990
4.801
5.738
1.676
2.088
2.578
3.159
3.843
4.641
1.112
1.394
1.732
2.133
2.608
3.164
.646
.817
1.025
1.274
1.571
1.922
.437
.556
.701
.875
1.083
1.331
.248
.316
.400
.502
.624
.770
.162
.208
.264
.331
.413
.511
.820E−01
.105
.133
.167
.208
.256
.257E−01
.328E−01
.415E−01
.520E−01
.646E−01
.795E−01
.708E−02
.905E−02
.114E−01
.143E−01
.178E−01
.218E−01
2-84
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-15
Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions*
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.644E−29
.149E−27
.278E−26
.426E−25
.549E−24
.602E−23
.573E−22
.477E−21
.352E−20
.233E−19
.103E−27
.223E−26
.394E−25
.577E−24
.714E−23
.757E−22
.699E−21
.567E−20
.410E−19
.266E−18
.205E−26
.395E−25
.626E−24
.832E−23
.941E−22
.921E−21
.789E−20
.599E−19
.408E−18
.250E−17
.688E−25
.113E−23
.156E−22
.181E−21
.181E−20
.158E−19
.122E−18
.843E−18
.524E−17
.296E−16
.368E−23
.522E−22
.621E−21
.630E−20
.555E−19
.429E−18
.294E−17
.181E−16
.101E−15
.516E−15
.341E−21
.415E−20
.426E−19
.376E−18
.288E−17
.195E−16
.118E−15
.643E−15
.319E−14
.145E−13
.784E−19
.796E−18
.685E−17
.509E−16
.331E−15
.191E−14
.985E−14
.461E−13
.197E−12
.775E−12
.174E−17
.158E−16
.121E−15
.808E−15
.473E−14
.246E−13
.116E−12
.492E−12
.192E−11
.693E−11
.531E−16
.417E−15
.280E−14
.164E−13
.851E−13
.395E−12
.165E−11
.634E−11
.223E−10
.731E−10
.229E−14
.141E−13
.767E−13
.371E−12
.162E−11
.643E−11
.234E−10
.791E−10
.249E−09
.734E−09
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.139E−18
.756E−18
.377E−17
.174E−16
.743E−16
.297E−15
.111E−14
.393E−14
.131E−13
.415E−13
.157E−17
.844E−17
.418E−16
.191E−15
.815E−15
.325E−14
.122E−13
.430E−13
.144E−12
.458E−12
.140E−16
.719E−16
.340E−15
.150E−14
.615E−14
.237E−13
.862E−13
.296E−12
.967E−12
.301E−11
.153E−15
.730E−15
.323E−14
.133E−13
.517E−13
.188E−12
.649E−12
.212E−11
.622E−11
.197E−10
.242E−14
.105E−13
.424E−13
.160E−12
.569E−12
.191E−11
.608E−11
.184E−10
.532E−10
.147E−09
.606E−13
.236E−12
.858E−12
.293E−11
.943E−11
.287E−10
.833E−10
.231E−09
.610E−09
.155E−08
.283E−11
.961E−11
.307E−10
.922E−10
.262E−09
.710E−09
.183E−08
.453E−08
.107E−07
.246E−07
.232E−10
.729E−10
.215E−09
.601E−09
.159E−08
.403E−08
.974E−08
.226E−07
.505E−07
.109E−06
.223E−09
.641E−09
.174E−08
.446E−08
.109E−07
.256E−07
.575E−07
.125E−06
.260E−06
.527E−06
.204E−08
.538E−08
.135E−07
.324E−07
.745E−07
.165E−06
.351E−06
.725E−06
.145E−05
.282E−05
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.125E−12
.362E−12
.100E−11
.265E−11
.678E−11
.167E−10
.399E−10
.920E−10
.206E−09
.449E−09
.139E−11
.404E−11
.112E−10
.301E−10
.777E−10
.193E−09
.466E−09
.109E−08
.247E−08
.545E−08
.893E−11
.254E−10
.695E−10
.183E−09
.465E−09
.114E−08
.272E−08
.628E−08
.141E−07
.308E−07
.561E−10
.154E−09
.405E−09
.103E−08
.253E−08
.602E−08
.139E−07
.312E−07
.683E−07
.145E−06
.391E−09
.100E−08
.246E−08
.587E−08
.135E−07
.303E−07
.660E−07
.140E−06
.288E−06
.580E−06
.379E−08
.894E−08
.204E−07
.450E−07
.965E−07
.201E−06
.408E−06
.807E−06
.156E−05
.295E−05
.542E−07
.116E−06
.240E−06
.482E−06
.944E−06
.180E−05
.336E−05
.612E−05
.109E−04
.191E−04
.228E−06
.462E−06
.911E−06
.175E−05
.328E−05
.600E−05
.108E−04
.189E−04
.326E−04
.553E−04
.103E−05
.198E−05
.368E−05
.668E−05
.119E−04
.206E−04
.352E−04
.590E−04
.973E−04
.158E−03
.534E−05
.986E−05
.178E−04
.314E−04
.543E−04
.923E−04
.154E−03
.253E−03
.408E−03
.649E−03
300
310
320
330
340
350
.953E−09
.197E−08
.397E−08
.782E−08
.151E−07
.285E−07
.117E−07
.245E−07
.502E−07
.100E−06
.196E−06
.376E−06
.657E−07
.136E−06
.277E−06
.551E−06
.107E−05
.204E−05
.302E−06
.614E−06
.122E−05
.237E−05
.452E−05
.846E−05
.114E−05
.220E−05
.414E−05
.766E−05
.139E−04
.246E−04
.546E−05
.990E−05
.176E−04
.308E−04
.529E−04
.893E−04
.329E−04
.556E−04
.923E−04
.151E−03
.243E−03
.387E−03
.921E−04
.151E−03
.245E−03
.391E−03
.617E−03
.963E−03
.253E−03
.398E−03
.621E−03
.956E−03
.145E−02
.219E−02
.102E−02
.158E−02
.242E−02
.367E−02
.550E−02
.815E−02
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-15
2-85
Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions (Concluded)
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.671E−13
.345E−12
.159E−11
.664E−11
.254E−10
.897E−10
.294E−09
.904E−09
.261E−08
.712E−08
.216E−12
.107E−11
.475E−11
.192E−10
.709E−10
.242E−09
.771E−09
.230E−08
.643E−08
.171E−07
.677E−12
.326E−11
.141E−10
.557E−10
.201E−09
.669E−09
.207E−08
.602E−08
.165E−07
.426E−07
.240E−11
.114E−10
.482E−10
.186E−09
.655E−09
.214E−08
.647E−08
.184E−07
.492E−07
.124E−06
.500E−11
.234E−10
.986E−10
.376E−09
.131E−08
.424E−08
.127E−07
.357E−07
.946E−07
.237E−06
.124E−10
.578E−10
.241E−09
.911E−09
.315E−08
.101E−07
.299E−07
.833E−07
.218E−06
.541E−06
.224E−10
.104E−09
.433E−09
.163E−08
.562E−08
.179E−07
.528E−07
.146E−06
.381E−06
.940E−06
.502E−10
.232E−09
.961E−09
.360E−08
.123E−07
.391E−07
.115E−06
.316E−06
.820E−06
.201E−05
.182E−09
.839E−09
.346E−08
.129E−07
.440E−07
.139E−06
.405E−06
.111E−05
.286E−05
.698E−05
.755E−09
.347E−08
.142E−07
.528E−07
.179E−06
.560E−06
.163E−05
.444E−05
.114E−04
.276E−04
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.184E−07
.456E−07
.108E−06
.244E−06
.533E−06
.112E−05
.229E−05
.453E−05
.870E−05
.163E−04
.430E−07
.103E−06
.238E−06
.526E−06
.112E−05
.230E−05
.459E−05
.886E−05
.166E−04
.304E−04
.105E−06
.247E−06
.555E−06
.120E−05
.250E−05
.504E−05
.983E−05
.186E−04
.343E−04
.615E−04
.300E−06
.689E−06
.152E−05
.321E−05
.656E−05
.129E−04
.247E−04
.459E−04
.829E−04
.146E−03
.565E−06
.128E−05
.280E−05
.586E−05
.118E−04
.231E−04
.438E−04
.806E−04
.144E−03
.252E−03
.127E−05
.287E−05
.619E−05
.128E−04
.257E−04
.497E−04
.932E−04
.170E−03
.301E−03
.520E−03
.220E−05
.494E−05
.106E−04
.219E−04
.435E−04
.837E−04
.156E−03
.283E−03
.499E−03
.859E−03
.470E−05
.105E−04
.224E−04
.459E−04
.910E−04
.174E−03
.324E−03
.586E−03
.103E−02
.177E−02
.162E−04
.359E−04
.764E−04
.156E−03
.308E−03
.588E−03
.109E−02
.196E−02
.343E−02
.587E−02
.638E−04
.141E−03
.298E−03
.606E−03
.119E−02
.226E−02
.416E−02
.746E−02
.130E−01
.222E−01
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.297E−04
.528E−04
.919E−04
.157E−03
.261E−03
.428E−03
.690E−03
.109E−02
.170E−02
.261E−02
.543E−04
.946E−04
.161E−03
.269E−03
.441E−03
.708E−03
.112E−02
.174E−02
.266E−02
.401E−02
.108E−03
.185E−03
.309E−03
.508E−03
.819E−03
.130E−02
.202E−02
.309E−02
.466E−02
.694E−02
.251E−03
.422E−03
.694E−03
.112E−02
.178E−02
.276E−02
.423E−02
.638E−02
.948E−02
.139E−01
.429E−03
.714E−03
.117E−02
.187E−02
.293E−02
.453E−02
.688E−02
.103E−01
.152E−01
.221E−01
.878E−03
.145E−02
.235E−02
.373E−02
.582E−02
.891E−02
.134E−01
.200E−01
.293E−01
.423E−01
.144E−02
.237E−02
.383E−02
.605E−02
.939E−02
.143E−01
.215E−01
.319E−01
.465E−01
.670E−01
.296E−02
.486E−02
.781E−02
.123E−01
.191E−01
.291E−01
.437E−01
.646E−01
.943E−01
.136
.981E−02
.161E−01
.258E−01
.405E−01
.627E−01
.955E−01
.143
.212
.309
.444
.370E−01
.603E−01
.965E−01
.152
.234
.356
.532
.786
1.144
1.646
300
310
320
330
340
350
.395E−02
.589E−02
.868E−02
.126E−01
.181E−01
.258E−01
.595E−02
.873E−02
.126E−01
.181E−01
.255E−01
.357E−01
.102E−01
.148E−01
.211E−01
.299E−01
.418E−01
.578E−01
.201E−01
.287E−01
.405E−01
.565E−01
.780E−01
.107
.318E−01
.451E−01
.632E−01
.877E−01
.120
.164
.604E−01
.852E−01
.119
.164
.224
.303
.953E−01
.134
.186
.256
.348
.470
.193
.272
.378
.520
.708
.956
.632
.889
1.236
1.703
2.323
3.142
2.339
3.289
4.575
6.303
8.603
11.640
2-86
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-16
Sulfuric Acid Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid*
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.576E−21
.634E−20
.588E−19
.468E−18
.324E−17
.197E−16
.107E−15
.526E−15
.235E−14
.960E−14
.843E−20
.874E−19
.769E−18
.584E−17
.389E−16
.229E−15
.121E−14
.581E−14
.254E−13
.102E−12
.141E−18
.131E−17
.104E−16
.721E−16
.441E−15
.241E−14
.119E−13
.535E−13
.221E−12
.844E−12
.344E−17
.276E−16
.193E−15
.119E−14
.649E−14
.320E−13
.144E−12
.592E−12
.225E−11
.798E−11
.109E−15
.769E−15
.474E−14
.259E−13
.127E−12
.562E−12
.228E−11
.851E−11
.295E−10
.956E−10
.438E−14
.273E−13
.149E−12
.725E−12
.317E−11
.126E−10
.462E−10
.156E−09
.492E−09
.145E−08
.249E−12
.135E−11
.649E−11
.278E−10
.108E−09
.380E−09
.124E−08
.373E−08
.105E−07
.279E−07
.200E−11
.101E−10
.447E−10
.178E−09
.643E−09
.212E−08
.646E−08
.183E−07
.485E−07
.121E−06
.161E−10
.743E−10
.305E−09
.113E−08
.379E−08
.117E−07
.334E−07
.888E−07
.222E−06
.522E−06
.121E−09
.490E−09
.179E−08
.594E−08
.181E−07
.513E−07
.135E−06
.336E−06
.786E−06
.175E−05
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.353E−13
.127E−12
.418E−12
.129E−11
.375E−11
.103E−10
.272E−10
.682E−10
.164E−09
.378E−09
.381E−12
.132E−11
.432E−11
.132E−10
.385E−10
.106E−09
.279E−09
.702E−09
.170E−08
.394E−08
.300E−11
.997E−11
.312E−10
.924E−10
.259E−09
.694E−09
.178E−08
.436E−08
.103E−07
.234E−07
.264E−10
.824E−10
.243E−09
.678E−09
.181E−08
.460E−08
.112E−07
.264E−07
.599E−07
.131E−06
.291E−09
.835E−09
.227E−08
.589E−08
.146E−07
.346E−07
.789E−07
.174E−06
.369E−06
.760E−06
.402E−08
.106E−07
.264E−07
.631E−07
.144E−06
.316E−06
.670E−06
.137E−05
.271E−05
.521E−05
.698E−07
.166E−06
.375E−06
.814E−06
.169E−05
.340E−05
.659E−05
.124E−04
.225E−04
.400E−04
.287E−06
.644E−06
.138E−05
.285E−05
.565E−05
.108E−04
.200E−04
.359E−04
.627E−04
.107E−03
.117E−05
.249E−05
.508E−05
.995E−05
.188E−04
.343E−04
.608E−04
.104E−03
.175E−03
.286E−03
.371E−05
.752E−05
.147E−04
.277E−04
.503E−04
.889E−04
.152E−03
.255E−03
.416E−03
.663E−03
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.842E−09
.181E−08
.376E−08
.758E−08
.148E−07
.283E−07
.526E−07
.954E−07
.169E−06
.294E−06
.883E−08
.191E−07
.401E−07
.817E−07
.162E−06
.312E−06
.588E−06
.108E−05
.194E−05
.342E−05
.514E−07
.109E−06
.226E−06
.455E−06
.889E−06
.170E−05
.316E−05
.577E−05
.103E−04
.180E−04
.278E−06
.573E−06
.115E−05
.224E−05
.427E−05
.793E−05
.144E−04
.257E−04
.450E−04
.771E−04
.152E−05
.295E−05
.559E−05
.103E−04
.186E−04
.329E−04
.569E−04
.965E−04
.161E−03
.263E−03
.975E−05
.178E−04
.316E−04
.549E−04
.935E−04
.156E−03
.255E−03
.411E−03
.650E−03
.101E−02
.691E−04
.117E−03
.193E−03
.311E−03
.494E−03
.770E−03
.118E−02
.178E−02
.265E−02
.389E−02
.177E−03
.288E−03
.459E−03
.717E−03
.110E−02
.166E−02
.247E−02
.362E−02
.524E−02
.750E−02
.457E−03
.715E−03
.110E−02
.166E−02
.245E−02
.358E−02
.516E−02
.733E−02
.103E−01
.143E−01
.104E−02
.159E−02
.239E−02
.354E−02
.515E−02
.740E−02
.105E−01
.147E−01
.203E−01
.278E−01
300
310
320
330
340
350
.500E−06
.834E−06
.137E−05
.220E−05
.349E−05
.544E−05
.591E−05
.100E−04
.167E−04
.273E−04
.440E−04
.698E−04
.309E−04
.522E−04
.865E−04
.141E−03
.227E−03
.360E−03
.130E−03
.215E−03
.352E−03
.565E−03
.895E−03
.140E−02
.424E−03
.672E−03
.105E−02
.162E−02
.246E−02
.369E−02
.156E−02
.236E−02
.352E−02
.519E−02
.757E−02
.109E−01
.563E−02
.805E−02
.114E−01
.159E−01
.221E−01
.303E−01
.106E−01
.148E−01
.205E−01
.281E−01
.382E−01
.516E−01
.196E−01
.266E−01
.359E−01
.480E−01
.636E−01
.836E−01
.376E−01
.504E−01
.670E−01
.883E−01
.116
.150
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.534E−09
.200E−08
.677E−08
.211E−07
.607E−07
.163E−06
.411E−06
.976E−06
.220E−05
.473E−05
.803E−09
.296E−08
.993E−08
.306E−07
.870E−07
.231E−06
.575E−06
.135E−05
.302E−05
.642E−05
.112E−08
.409E−08
.136E−07
.415E−07
.117E−06
.309E−06
.765E−06
.179E−05
.396E−05
.835E−05
.148E−08
.540E−08
.179E−07
.543E−07
.153E−06
.400E−06
.985E−06
.229E−05
.504E−05
.106E−04
.167E−08
.609E−08
.201E−07
.611E−07
.171E−06
.449E−06
.110E−05
.256E−05
.562E−05
.118E−04
.187E−08
.679E−08
.224E−07
.680E−07
.191E−06
.498E−06
.122E−05
.283E−05
.622E−05
.130E−04
.196E−08
.714E−08
.236E−07
.714E−07
.200E−06
.523E−06
.128E−05
.297E−05
.652E−05
.136E−04
.206E−08
.750E−08
.247E−07
.749E−07
.210E−06
.548E−06
.134E−05
.310E−05
.681E−05
.143E−04
.217E−08
.788E−08
.260E−07
.786E−07
.220E−06
.574E−06
.140E−05
.325E−05
.712E−05
.149E−04
.228E−08
.827E−08
.273E−07
.824E−07
.230E−06
.600E−06
.147E−05
.339E−05
.743E−05
.155E−04
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.973E−05
.192E−04
.366E−04
.672E−04
.120E−03
.207E−03
.348E−03
.572E−03
.917E−03
.144E−02
.131E−04
.256E−04
.482E−04
.879E−04
.155E−03
.266E−03
.444E−03
.723E−03
.115E−02
.179E−02
.169E−04
.328E−04
.614E−04
.111E−03
.195E−03
.332E−03
.550E−03
.889E−03
.140E−02
.217E−02
.213E−04
.412E−04
.767E−04
.138E−03
.241E−03
.408E−03
.673E−03
.108E−02
.170E−02
.262E−02
.237E−04
.457E−04
.849E−04
.153E−03
.266E−03
.449E−03
.740E−03
.119E−02
.186E−02
.286E−02
.261E−04
.503E−04
.935E−04
.168E−03
.292E−03
.493E−03
.810E−03
.130E−02
.204E−02
.312E−02
.274E−04
.527E−04
.977E−04
.175E−03
.304E−03
.514E−03
.844E−03
.135E−02
.212E−02
.325E−02
.285E−04
.549E−04
.102E−03
.182E−03
.316E−03
.534E−03
.876E−03
.140E−02
.220E−02
.336E−02
.298E−04
.572E−04
.106E−03
.190E−03
.329E−03
.554E−03
.909E−03
.145E−02
.227E−02
.348E−02
.310E−04
.595E−04
.110E−03
.197E−03
.341E−03
.574E−03
.941E−03
.150E−02
.235E−02
.359E−02
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.221E−02
.333E−02
.494E−02
.719E−02
.103E−01
.146E−01
.203E−01
.279E−01
.380E−01
.510E−01
.273E−02
.408E−02
.601E−02
.869E−02
.124E−01
.174E−01
.240E−01
.329E−01
.444E−01
.592E−01
.329E−02
.490E−02
.715E−02
.103E−01
.146E−01
.203E−01
.279E−01
.380E−01
.510E−01
.676E−01
.395E−02
.585E−02
.850E−02
.122E−01
.171E−01
.238E−01
.326E−01
.441E−01
.589E−01
.778E−01
.431E−02
.637E−02
.924E−02
.132E−01
.186E−01
.257E−01
.352E−01
.475E−01
.633E−01
.835E−01
.470E−02
.693E−02
.100E−01
.143E−01
.201E−01
.278E−01
.380E−01
.513E−01
.683E−01
.900E−01
.488E−02
.720E−02
.104E−01
.149E−01
.209E−01
.289E−01
.394E−01
.531E−01
.706E−01
.930E−01
.505E−02
.744E−02
.108E−01
.153E−01
.215E−01
.297E−01
.405E−01
.545E−01
.725E−01
.954E−01
.522E−02
.768E−02
.111E−01
.158E−01
.221E−01
.305E−01
.416E−01
.560E−01
.744E−01
.978E−01
.538E−02
.791E−02
.114E−01
.162E−01
.227E−01
.314E−01
.427E−01
.574E−01
.762E−01
.100
300
310
320
330
340
350
.678E−01
.892E−01
.116
.150
.192
.243
.782E−01
.102
.132
.170
.216
.272
.888E−01
.115
.149
.190
.240
.301
.102
.132
.169
.214
.270
.337
.109
.141
.180
.228
.287
.358
.117
.151
.193
.245
.307
.383
.121
.156
.199
.252
.317
.394
.124
.160
.204
.258
.328
.402
.127
.164
.209
.263
.330
.410
.130
.167
.213
.269
.386
.417
Weight percent, H2SO4
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical
Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-17
2-87
Total Pressure, bar, of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions*
Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.582E−02
.117E−01
.223E−01
.404E−01
.703E−01
.117
.189
.296
.449
.664
.534E−02
.107E−01
.205E−01
.373E−01
.649E−01
.109
.175
.275
.417
.617
.448E−02
.909E−02
.174E−01
.319E−01
.558E−01
.939E−01
.152
.239
.365
.542
.326E−02
.670E−02
.130E−01
.241E−01
.427E−01
.725E−01
.119
.188
.290
.434
.193E−02
.405E−02
.802E−02
.151E−01
.272E−01
.470E−01
.782E−01
.126
.196
.298
.836E−03
.180E−02
.367E−02
.710E−02
.131E−01
.232E−01
.395E−01
.651E−01
.104
.161
.207E−03
.467E−03
.995E−03
.201E−02
.387E−02
.715E−02
.127E−01
.217E−01
.360E−01
.578E−01
.747E−04
.175E−03
.388E−03
.811E−03
.162E−02
.309E−02
.565E−02
.997E−01
.170E−01
.281E−01
.197E−04
.490E−04
.115E−03
.253E−03
.531E−03
.106E−02
.204E−02
.376E−02
.668E−02
.115E−01
.343E−05
.952E−05
.245E−04
.589E−04
.134E−03
.286E−03
.584E−03
.114E−02
.213E−02
.383E−02
.666E−02
.112E−01
.183E−01
.291E−01
.451E−01
.683E−01
.101
.147
.209
.292
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.957
1.349
1.863
2.524
3.361
4.404
5.685
7.236
9.093
11.289
.891
1.258
1.740
2.361
3.149
4.132
5.342
6.810
8.571
10.658
.786
1.113
1.544
2.101
2.810
3.697
4.793
6.127
7.731
9.640
.634
.904
1.264
1.732
2.333
3.090
4.031
5.185
6.584
8.259
.441
.638
.903
1.253
1.708
2.289
3.021
3.930
5.045
6.397
.244
.360
.519
.734
1.020
1.392
1.870
2.475
3.233
4.169
.905E−01
.138
.206
.301
.431
.605
.837
1.138
1.525
2.017
.452E−01
.708E−01
.108
.162
.236
.339
.478
.662
.902
1.212
.192E−01
.312E−01
.493E−01
.760E−01
.115
.170
.246
.350
.489
.673
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
13.861
16.841
20.264
24.160
28.561
33.494
38.984
45.055
51.726
59.015
13.107
15.951
19.225
22.960
27.188
31.939
37.240
43.116
49.590
56.681
11.887
14.505
17.529
20.992
24.927
29.364
34.334
39.865
45.984
52.715
10.245
12.576
15.287
18.414
21.992
26.056
30.642
35.784
41.514
47.866
8.020
9.948
12.217
14.864
17.929
21.452
25.472
30.030
35.168
40.926
5.312
6.696
8.354
10.322
12.641
15.351
18.496
22.122
26.275
31.004
2.633
3.396
4.331
5.466
6.832
8.459
10.384
12.642
15.272
18.315
1.606
2.101
2.715
3.468
4.382
5.481
6.791
8.337
10.147
12.250
.913
1.221
1.610
2.098
2.701
3.439
4.332
5.402
6.673
8.170
.402
.544
.726
.956
1.242
1.594
2.023
2.540
3.157
3.886
300
310
320
330
340
350
66.934
75.495
84.705
94.567
105.083
116.251
64.407
72.781
81.816
91.518
101.894
112.947
60.081
68.101
76.792
86.172
96.252
107.043
54.869
62.553
70.947
80.078
89.970
100.647
47.347
54.470
62.338
70.990
80.466
90.806
36.361
42.398
49.168
56.727
65.130
74.437
21.814
25.812
30.355
35.489
41.262
47.723
14.675
17.453
20.611
24.182
28.193
32.674
9.916
11.939
14.264
16.916
19.920
23.303
4.740
5.732
6.876
8.185
9.672
11.351
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
.518E−06
.159E−05
.449E−05
.117E−04
.385E−04
.653E−04
.141E−03
.291E−03
.571E−03
.107E−02
.243E−06
.765E−06
.221E−05
.590E−05
.147E−04
.344E−04
.759E−04
.159E−03
.319E−03
.612E−03
.109E−06
.348E−06
.102E−05
.279E−05
.708E−05
.169E−04
.380E−04
.813E−04
.166E−03
.324E−03
.416E−07
.136E−06
.407E−06
.113E−05
.293E−05
.712E−05
.164E−04
.357E−04
.742E−04
.148E−03
.235E−07
.774E−07
.235E−06
.659E−06
.173E−05
.425E−05
.987E−05
.218E−04
.458E−04
.921E−04
.117E−07
.391E−07
.121E−06
.344E−06
.914E−06
.228E−05
.538E−05
.120E−04
.257E−04
.524E−04
.768E−08
.261E−07
.812E−07
.234E−06
.630E−06
.159E−05
.379E−05
.856E−05
.184E−04
.390E−04
.479E−08
.166E−07
.528E−07
.155E−06
.425E−06
.109E−05
.264E−05
.605E−05
.132E−04
.277E−04
.313E−08
.113E−07
.373E−07
.114E−06
.323E−06
.861E−06
.216E−05
.514E−05
.117E−04
.253E−04
.323E−08
.124E−07
.435E−07
.141E−06
.425E−06
.120E−05
.319E−05
.804E−05
.193E−04
.441E−04
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
.195E−02
.340E−02
.575E−02
.944E−02
.151E−01
.235E−01
.357E−01
.532E−01
.775E−01
.111
.113E−02
.201E−02
.346E−02
.578E−02
.939E−02
.149E−01
.230E−01
.347E−01
.514E−01
.747E−01
.607E−03
.110E−02
.192E−02
.327E−02
.539E−02
.866E−02
.136E−01
.208E−01
.312E−01
.460E−01
.283E−03
.521E−03
.929E−03
.161E−02
.270E−02
.441E−02
.703E−02
.110E−01
.167E−01
.250E−01
.178E−03
.332E−03
.598E−03
.104E−02
.177E−02
.293E−02
.471E−02
.741E−02
.114E−01
.172E−01
.103E−03
.194E−03
.354E−03
.626E−03
.107E−02
.180E−02
.293E−02
.466E−02
.726E−02
.111E−01
.751E−04
.143E−03
.263E−03
.470E−03
.815E−03
.137E−02
.226E−02
.363E−02
.571E−02
.880E−02
.555E−04
.107E−03
.201E−03
.363E−03
.639E−03
.109E−02
.183E−02
.299E−02
.478E−02
.749E−02
.527E−04
.106E−03
.206E−03
.387E−03
.708E−03
.126E−02
.219E−02
.372E−02
.619E−02
.101E−01
.966E−04
.204E−03
.414E−03
.314E−03
.155E−02
.287E−02
.516E−02
.905E−02
.155E−01
.260E−01
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
.156
.216
.295
.396
.525
.688
.881
1.141
1.447
1.817
.107
.150
.207
.282
.379
.503
.660
.856
1.099
1.398
.665E−01
.944E−01
.132
.182
.247
.331
.439
.575
.744
.954
.367E−01
.530E−01
.752E−01
.105
.145
.197
.264
.351
.460
.597
.255E−01
.371E−01
.531E−01
.749E−01
.104
.143
.193
.258
.341
.446
.166E−01
.245E−01
.354E−01
.505E−01
.710E−01
.985E−01
.135
.153
.245
.324
.133E−01
.198E−01
.289E−01
.417E−01
.592E−01
.830E−01
.115
.157
.213
.285
.115E−01
.175E−01
.260E−01
.382E−01
.553E−01
.790E−01
.112
.156
.215
.295
.161E−01
.253E−01
.392E−01
.596E−01
.895E−01
.132
.193
.279
.398
.562
.427E−01
.687E−01
.109
.169
.258
.389
.577
.846
1.225
1.751
300
310
320
330
340
350
2.261
2.791
3.417
4.153
5.011
6.006
1.761
2.199
2.723
3.347
4.084
4.949
1.211
1.524
1.901
2.353
2.889
3.523
.767
.977
1.234
1.545
1.919
2.366
.578
.742
.944
1.191
1.491
1.852
.425
.553
.713
.911
1.156
1.456
.379
.498
.649
.840
1.078
1.374
.399
.536
.714
.944
1.239
1.614
.785
1.085
1.486
2.018
2.718
3.631
Weight percent, H2SO4
2.476
3.465
4.800
6.586
8.957
12.079
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
2-88
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-18
Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HNO3*
mmHg
Percentages are weight % HNO3 in solution.
20%
°C
25%
H2O
HNO3
HNO3
30%
H2O
HNO3
35%
H2O
40%
HNO3
H2O
45%
HNO3
H2O
3.3
4.6
6.5
8.9
12.0
50%
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
3.0
4.2
5.8
8.0
10.8
H2O
0.10
.15
2.6
3.6
5.0
6.9
9.4
0.12
.18
.27
2.1
3.0
4.2
5.8
7.9
0
5
10
15
20
4.1
5.7
8.0
10.9
15.2
3.8
5.4
7.6
10.3
14.2
3.6
5.0
7.1
9.7
13.2
25
30
35
40
45
20.6
27.6
36.5
47.5
62
0.09
19.2
25.7
33.8
44
57.5
0.11
.17
17.8
23.8
31.1
41
53
0.09
.13
.20
.28
16.2
21.7
28.3
37.7
48
0.12
.17
.25
.36
.52
14.6
19.5
25.5
33.5
43
.23
.33
.48
.68
.96
12.7
16.9
22.3
29.3
38.0
.39
.56
.80
1.13
1.57
10.7
14.4
19.0
25.0
32.5
50
55
60
65
70
0.09
.13
.19
.27
80
100
128
162
200
.13
.18
.28
.40
.54
75
94
121
151
187
.25
.35
.51
.71
1.00
69
87
113
140
174
.42
.59
.85
1.18
1.63
63
79
102
127
159
.75
1.04
1.48
2.05
2.80
56
71
90
114
143
1.35
1.83
2.54
3.47
4.65
49.5
62.5
80
100
126
2.18
2.95
4.05
5.46
7.25
42.5
54
70
88
110
75
80
85
90
95
.38
.53
.74
1.01
1.37
250
307
378
458
555
.77
1.05
1.44
1.95
2.62
234
287
352
426
517
1.38
1.87
2.53
3.38
4.53
217
267
325
393
478
2.26
3.07
4.15
5.50
7.32
198
243
297
359
436
3.80
5.10
6.83
9.0
11.7
178
218
268
325
394
6.20
8.15
10.7
13.7
17.8
158
195
240
292
355
9.6
12.5
16.3
20.9
26.8
138
170
211
258
315
100
105
110
115
120
1.87
2.50
675
800
3.50
4.65
628
745
6.05
7.90
580
690
9.7
12.7
16.5
530
631
755
15.5
20.0
25.7
32.5
480
573
688
810
23.0
29.2
37.0
46
430
520
625
740
34.2
43.0
54.5
67
84
383
463
560
665
785
°C
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
0
5
10
15
20
0.14
.21
.31
.45
1.8
2.5
3.5
4.9
6.7
0.19
.28
.41
.59
.84
1.5
2.1
3.0
4.1
5.6
0.41
.60
.86
1.21
1.68
1.3
1.8
2.6
3.5
4.9
0.79
1.12
1.58
2.18
3.00
1.1
1.6
2.2
3.0
4.1
25
30
35
40
45
.66
.93
1.30
1.82
2.50
9.1
12.2
16.1
21.3
28.0
1.21
1.66
2.28
3.10
4.20
7.7
10.3
13.6
18.1
23.7
2.32
3.17
4.26
5.70
7.55
6.6
8.8
11.6
15.5
20.0
4.10
5.50
7.30
9.65
12.6
50
55
60
65
70
3.41
4.54
6.15
8.18
10.7
36.3
46
60
76
95
5.68
7.45
9.9
13.0
16.8
31
39
51
64
81
10.0
12.8
16.8
21.7
27.5
26.0
33.0
43.0
54.5
68
75
80
85
90
95
13.9
18.0
23.0
29.4
37.3
120
148
182
223
272
21.8
27.5
34.8
43.7
55.0
102
126
156
192
233
35.0
43.5
54.5
67.5
83.5
100
105
110
115
120
125
47
58.5
73
90
110
331
400
485
575
685
69.5
84.5
103
126
156
187
285
345
417
495
590
700
103
124
152
181
218
260
55%
60%
65%
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 304–305.
70%
80%
90%
100%
H2O
HNO3
2
3
4
6
8
1.2
1.7
2.4
5.5
8
11
15
20
5.5
7.4
9.8
12.8
16.7
10.5
14
18.5
24.5
32
3.2
4
5.5
7
9.5
27
36
47
62
80
1
1.3
1.8
2.4
3
57
77
102
133
170
16.5
21.0
27.1
34.5
43.3
21.8
27.3
35.3
44.5
56
41
52
67
85
106
12
15
20
25
31
103
127
157
192
232
4
5
6.5
8
10
215
262
320
385
460
86
106
131
160
195
54.5
67.5
83
103
125
70
86
107
130
158
130
158
192
230
278
38
48
60
73
89
282
338
405
480
570
13
16
20
24
29
540
625
720
820
238
288
345
410
490
580
152
183
221
262
312
372
192
231
278
330
393
469
330
392
465
545
640
108
129
155
185
219
675
790
35
42
11
15
22
30
42
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O and HBr over Aqueous
Solutions of HBr at 20 to 55°C*
mmHg
%
HBr
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
20 °C
HBr
0.09
0.23
0.71
2.2
6.8
21
25 °C
H2O
6.2
4.5
3.3
2.4
1.7
1.3
HBr
50 °C
H2O
0.0016
0.0022
0.0033
0.0061
0.011
0.023
0.048
0.10
0.13
0.37
1.1
3.2
9.3
27
HBr
8.2
6.1
4.5
3.3
2.4
1.9
1.3
3.2
7.2
17
40
91
H2O
30.2
24.3
19.3
16.0
13.3
10.4
55 °C
HBr
2.0
4.6
10.2
23.0
51
115
260
H2O
38
31
25
21
18
14
11.4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
2-89
TABLE 2-22 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions
of CH3COOH*
Percentages of weight % acetic acid in the solution
mmHg
°C
25%
50%
75%
20
25
30
35
40
16.3
22.1
29.6
39.4
51.7
15.7
21.4
28.8
38.3
50.2
15.3
20.8
27.8
36.6
48.1
45
50
55
60
65
67.0
87.2
110
141
178
65.0
85.0
107
138
172
62.0
80.1
102
130
162
70
75
80
85
90
223
277
342
419
510
216
269
331
407
497
203
251
310
376
458
95
100
618
743
602
725
550
666
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
TABLE 2-20 Partial Pressures of HI over Aqueous Solutions
of HI at 25°C*
mmHg
%HI
pHI
44
0.00064
46
0.0010
48
0.0022
50
0.0050
52
0.013
54
0.035
56
0.10
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
TABLE 2-21 Vapor Pressures of the System: Water-Sulfuric
Acid-Nitric Acid
For these data reference must be made to the graphs of International Critical
Tables, vol. 3, pp. 306–308.
Vapor pressure of aqueous diethylene glycol solutions. (Courtesy of
Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.)
FIG. 2-3
2-90
TABLE 2-23
Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia)
Liquid mole percent NH3
(liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
t, °F
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
(19.1)
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
32
40
50
60
70
0.089
0.122
0.178
0.256
0.363
0.083
0.115
0.168
0.242
0.343
0.077
0.106
0.156
0.225
0.320
0.071
0.097
0.143
0.207
0.294
0.063
0.087
0.129
0.186
0.266
0.055
0.077
0.113
0.164
0.235
0.047
0.065
0.097
0.142
0.204
0.039
0.054
0.081
0.119
0.172
0.031
0.044
0.066
0.098
0.143
0.025
0.035
0.053
0.079
0.116
0.019
0.027
0.041
0.062
0.093
0.014
0.021
0.032
0.049
0.073
0.011
0.016
0.025
0.038
0.058
0.008
0.012
0.019
0.030
0.045
0.006
0.009
0.014
0.023
0.036
0.004
0.007
0.011
0.018
0.028
0.003
0.005
0.008
0.014
0.022
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.010
0.016
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.007
0.011
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004
0.006
80
90
100
110
120
0.507
0.699
0.951
1.277
1.695
0.479
0.661
0.899
1.209
1.607
0.448
0.618
0.843
1.135
1.510
0.413
0.571
0.780
1.052
1.402
0.374
0.518
0.710
0.960
1.283
0.332
0.462
0.634
0.861
1.154
0.289
0.403
0.556
0.758
1.021
0.245
0.345
0.479
0.656
0.889
0.205
0.290
0.405
0.559
0.763
0.168
0.240
0.338
0.470
0.647
0.136
0.196
0.279
0.392
0.544
0.109
0.159
0.228
0.324
0.455
0.087
0.128
0.186
0.268
0.380
0.069
0.103
0.152
0.220
0.316
0.055
0.083
0.123
0.181
0.263
0.043
0.066
0.100
0.148
0.217
0.034
0.052
0.079
0.119
0.176
0.025
0.040
0.061
0.092
0.137
0.018
0.028
0.043
0.065
0.099
0.010
0.015
0.024
0.036
0.056
130
140
150
160
170
2.226
2.893
3.723
4.747
6.000
2.112
2.748
3.540
4.519
5.717
1.988
2.591
3.343
4.273
5.416
1.850
2.415
3.122
4.000
5.079
1.696
2.221
2.879
3.698
4.709
1.532
2.012
2.618
3.374
4.312
1.361
1.796
2.347
3.039
3.902
1.192
1.582
2.078
2.706
3.493
1.030
1.376
1.821
2.387
3.101
0.881
1.186
1.582
2.090
2.736
0.747
1.016
1.367
1.821
2.405
0.632
0.867
1.177
1.584
2.110
0.532
0.738
1.013
1.376
1.851
0.448
0.628
0.870
1.194
1.622
0.376
0.532
0.746
1.033
1.418
0.313
0.448
0.634
0.887
1.229
0.257
0.371
0.529
0.748
1.047
0.202
0.295
0.425
0.607
0.858
0.147
0.216
0.314
0.453
0.647
0.083
0.124
0.183
0.267
0.386
180
190
200
210
220
7.520
9.350
11.538
14.136
17.201
7.174
8.931
11.035
13.538
16.496
6.807
8.488
10.504
12.910
15.758
6.397
7.994
9.916
12.213
14.941
5.947
7.452
9.270
11.449
14.047
5.465
6.873
8.580
10.635
13.095
4.968
6.275
7.869
9.796
12.115
4.472
5.680
7.160
8.962
11.141
3.995
5.107
6.479
8.160
10.205
3.551
4.573
5.842
7.410
9.331
3.148
4.086
5.262
6.725
8.534
2.787
3.650
4.740
6.110
7.817
2.468
3.262
4.275
5.559
7.175
2.184
2.914
3.856
5.061
6.592
1.928
2.598
3.470
4.598
6.045
1.688
2.297
3.098
4.146
5.504
1.451
1.994
2.718
3.675
4.932
1.201
1.669
2.300
3.147
4.277
0.917
1.290
1.802
2.502
3.455
0.555
0.793
1.129
1.600
2.262
230
240
250
20.796
24.986
29.844
19.971
24.029
28.744
19.111
23.037
27.607
18.162
21.943
26.358
17.124
20.748
24.996
16.020
19.479
23.549
14.886
18.179
22.070
13.760
16.889
20.608
12.679
15.654
19.212
11.672
14.506
17.917
10.754
13.463
16.748
9.930
12.530
15.708
9.192
11.696
14.783
8.522
10.938
13.946
7.889
10.221
13.153
7.255
9.496
12.346
6.573
8.703
11.452
5.777
7.759
10.369
4.751
6.508
8.891
3.196
4.520
6.413
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
27:63–96 (1998).
TABLE 2-24
Mole Percentages of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3
Liquid mole percent NH3
(liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
t, °F
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
(19.1)
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
32
40
50
60
70
100
100
100
100
100
32.046
33.233
34.709
36.172
37.619
14.173
15.064
16.192
17.334
18.489
7.263
7.842
8.588
9.359
10.154
3.959
4.321
4.797
5.299
5.828
2.202
2.427
2.727
3.050
3.396
1.226
1.365
1.554
1.760
1.985
0.679
0.765
0.883
1.015
1.162
0.375
0.428
0.502
0.587
0.683
0.207
0.240
0.287
0.342
0.405
0.116
0.137
0.167
0.203
0.245
0.067
0.080
0.100
0.123
0.152
0.039
0.048
0.061
0.077
0.097
0.024
0.030
0.039
0.050
0.064
0.015
0.019
0.026
0.034
0.044
0.010
0.013
0.017
0.023
0.030
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.016
0.021
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.011
0.015
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
80
90
100
110
120
100
100
100
100
100
39.047
40.455
41.840
43.201
44.537
19.653
20.827
22.007
23.194
24.385
10.974
11.816
12.681
13.567
14.475
6.382
6.963
7.571
8.205
8.867
3.765
4.160
4.580
5.027
5.501
2.231
2.497
2.786
3.098
3.434
1.325
1.505
1.703
1.920
2.158
0.791
0.913
1.049
1.201
1.370
0.478
0.561
0.655
0.763
0.884
0.294
0.351
0.418
0.494
0.582
0.186
0.226
0.273
0.328
0.393
0.121
0.149
0.184
0.224
0.273
0.081
0.102
0.127
0.158
0.195
0.056
0.072
0.091
0.114
0.142
0.040
0.051
0.066
0.084
0.106
0.028
0.037
0.048
0.062
0.079
0.020
0.026
0.034
0.044
0.057
0.013
0.017
0.023
0.030
0.039
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.016
0.021
130
140
150
160
170
100
100
100
100
100
45.849
47.136
48.398
49.636
50.849
25.580
26.779
27.979
29.182
30.385
15.404
16.353
17.322
18.310
19.317
9.557
10.273
11.017
11.789
12.587
6.002
6.532
7.091
7.680
8.298
3.796
4.184
4.600
5.044
5.517
2.419
2.702
3.010
3.344
3.705
1.558
1.766
1.994
2.246
2.521
1.020
1.173
1.344
1.534
1.746
0.682
0.796
0.925
1.071
1.236
0.467
0.554
0.653
0.767
0.897
0.329
0.396
0.473
0.563
0.668
0.238
0.290
0.352
0.425
0.509
0.177
0.218
0.268
0.327
0.396
0.133
0.166
0.206
0.254
0.312
0.100
0.126
0.158
0.197
0.245
0.073
0.094
0.118
0.149
0.187
0.050
0.064
0.082
0.104
0.132
0.027
0.035
0.045
0.058
0.074
180
190
200
210
220
100
100
100
100
100
52.038
53.204
54.347
55.468
56.567
31.588
32.792
33.994
35.196
36.395
20.341
21.383
22.442
23.517
24.607
13.413
14.266
15.146
16.052
16.985
8.948
9.628
10.340
11.083
11.858
6.021
6.557
7.124
7.725
8.359
4.094
4.513
4.963
5.445
5.961
2.822
3.151
3.508
3.896
4.316
1.981
2.240
2.526
2.840
3.184
1.421
1.628
1.859
2.116
2.401
1.045
1.212
1.402
1.615
1.854
0.788
0.926
1.083
1.263
1.468
0.609
0.724
0.857
1.011
1.187
0.479
0.576
0.690
0.823
0.977
0.381
0.463
0.561
0.676
0.811
0.302
0.371
0.453
0.552
0.669
0.233
0.288
0.357
0.439
0.539
0.166
0.209
0.261
0.326
0.406
0.094
0.120
0.153
0.195
0.248
230
240
250
100
100
100
57.645
58.702
59.740
37.592
38.787
39.978
25.711
26.830
27.962
17.943
18.927
19.936
12.665
13.503
14.374
9.028
9.732
10.471
6.512
7.098
7.722
4.769
5.258
5.784
3.560
3.970
4.416
2.716
3.064
3.447
2.122
2.421
2.754
1.699
1.960
2.254
1.390
1.621
1.884
1.156
1.363
1.601
0.969
1.155
1.371
0.809
0.975
1.171
0.660
0.806
0.982
0.506
0.629
0.783
0.317
0.406
0.524
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
27:63–96 (1998).
2-91
2-92
TABLE 2-25
Partial Pressures of NH3 over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia)
Liquid mole percent NH3
(liquid weight percent NH3)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
t, °F (0) (4.74)
0
5
(9.5)
(14.29)
(19.1)
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
(100)
32
40
50
60
70
0
0
0
0
0
0.177
0.230
0.316
0.426
0.568
0.468
0.600
0.808
1.074
1.410
0.901
1.143
1.522
2.002
2.603
1.533
1.932
2.552
3.330
4.296
2.456
3.078
4.036
5.228
6.696
3.797
4.730
6.154
7.912
10.056
5.710
7.066
9.117
11.625
14.656
8.358
10.267
13.129
16.593
20.742
11.868
14.467
18.328
22.959
28.456
16.279
19.691
24.721
30.702
37.744
21.480
25.798
32.120
39.581
48.307
27.206
32.478
40.150
49.149
59.615
33.087
39.307
48.315
58.831
71.008
38.745
45.860
56.128
68.074
81.861
43.900 48.431
51.828 57.082
63.243 69.520
76.489 83.933
91.745 100.51
52.368
61.665
75.020
90.486
108.26
55.846
65.731
79.931
96.376
115.29
59.055
69.506
84.523
101.93
121.94
62.277
73.322
89.205
107.63
128.85
80
90
100
110
120
0
0
0
0
0
0.748
0.973
1.250
1.590
2.001
1.831
2.351
2.987
3.758
4.683
3.348
4.261
5.368
6.700
8.285
5.483
6.926
8.663
10.735
13.184
8.483
10.639
13.213
16.258
19.832
12.645
15.741
19.406
23.709
28.718
18.283
22.582
27.630
33.509
40.300
25.664
31.447
38.185
45.971
54.899
34.922
42.460
51.177
61.177
72.569
45.966 58.428 71.689
55.485 70.073 85.514
66.416 83.375 101.23
78.881 98.461 118.98
92.996 115.45 138.90
84.998
100.96
119.04
139.39
162.15
97.654
115.62
135.93
158.73
184.19
109.19
128.99
151.34
176.40
204.35
119.45
140.93
165.15
192.30
222.57
128.56
151.60
177.57
206.69
239.16
136.88
161.39
189.05
220.07
254.71
144.83
170.82
200.19
233.16
270.03
153.13
180.76
212.01
247.19
286.60
130
140
150
160
170
0
0
0
0
0
2.494 5.784
3.082 7.084
3.774 8.604
4.585 10.371
5.527 12.408
10.158
12.352
14.902
17.844
21.216
16.055
19.395
23.250
27.669
32.700
23.989
28.791
34.295
40.562
47.649
34.503
41.135
48.685
57.222
66.816
48.086 65.064 85.455
56.949 76.558 99.944
66.972 89.472 116.12
78.230 103.89 134.09
90.803 119.90 153.93
108.87
126.62
146.35
168.16
192.14
134.49
155.67
179.11
204.93
233.19
161.13
185.77
212.96
242.79
275.37
187.48
215.50
246.33
280.08
316.87
212.44
243.66
277.95
315.46
356.26
235.36
269.56
307.13
348.18
392.85
256.14
293.19
333.87
378.36
426.79
275.20
314.99
358.75
406.62
458.82
293.18
335.72
382.56
433.89
489.95
311.05
356.48
406.60
461.65
521.92
330.54
379.36
433.38
492.95
558.45
180
190
200
210
220
0
0
0
0
0
6.612
7.856
9.270
10.869
12.666
25.053
29.393
34.270
39.721
45.779
38.390
44.786
51.933
59.876
68.655
55.614 77.532
64.514 89.432
74.401 102.58
85.326 117.02
97.335 132.82
104.77
120.18
137.11
155.62
175.75
137.57
156.99
178.21
201.28
226.25
175.73
199.56
225.47
253.53
283.77
218.35
246.89
277.81
311.15
346.95
263.99
297.40
333.47
372.25
413.74
310.76
349.06
390.30
434.50
481.70
356.75
399.82
446.12
495.68
548.49
400.47
448.16
499.38
554.15
612.50
441.24
493.43
549.49
609.47
673.37
479.30
535.98
596.94
662.22
731.88
515.48
576.75
642.74
713.55
789.23
550.92
616.99
688.31
765.01
847.19
587.67
659.12
736.52
820.08
909.98
630.24
708.74
794.38
887.64
989.03
230
240
250
0
0
0
14.673 31.727
16.905 36.356
19.371 41.449
197.54
221.04
246.26
253.17
282.06
312.93
316.23
350.91
387.82
385.23
425.98
469.20
457.98
504.92
554.55
531.89
585.01
641.05
604.55
663.80
726.18
674.39
739.77
808.55
741.21
812.89
888.35
805.90
884.22
966.78
869.79
955.18
1045.3
934.86
1028.0
1126.5
1006.3
1109.2
1218.3
1099.1
1218.7
1348.5
14.741
17.395
20.397
23.769
27.538
52.477 78.310 110.47
59.843 88.872 124.78
67.906 100.38 140.28
150.00
168.62
188.70
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
27:63–96 (1998).
TABLE 2-26
Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia)
Liquid mole percent NH3
(liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
t, °F
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
(19.1)
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
(100)
32
40
50
60
70
0.089
0.122
0.178
0.256
0.363
0.260
0.345
0.483
0.668
0.911
0.545
0.706
0.964
1.299
1.730
0.971
1.240
1.665
2.209
2.898
1.596
2.020
2.680
3.516
4.562
2.512
3.155
4.149
5.392
6.931
3.844
4.795
6.251
8.053
10.260
5.749
7.120
9.198
11.744
14.828
8.389
10.311
13.195
16.691
20.885
11.893
14.502
18.381
23.038
28.572
16.298
19.718
24.762
30.764
37.837
21.494
25.819
32.152
39.630
48.381
27.217
32.494
40.175
49.187
59.673
33.095
39.319
48.334
58.860
71.053
38.751
45.869
56.143
68.097
81.897
43.904 48.434
51.835 57.087
63.254 69.528
76.507 83.946
91.773 100.53
52.371
61.669
75.026
90.496
108.28
55.848
65.734
79.935
96.383
115.30
59.056
69.507
84.526
101.93
121.95
62.277
73.322
89.205
107.63
128.85
80
90
100
110
120
0.507
0.699
0.951
1.277
1.695
1.227
1.633
2.149
2.799
3.608
2.279
2.969
3.830
4.893
6.194
3.761
4.832
6.148
7.751
9.688
5.857
7.445
9.373
11.694
14.467
8.815
11.101
13.847
17.119
20.986
12.934
16.144
19.962
24.467
29.739
18.528
22.927
28.109
34.165
41.189
25.869
31.737
38.590
46.530
55.662
35.090
42.700
51.514
61.647
73.216
46.102 58.537 71.776
55.680 70.232 85.642
66.695 83.603 101.42
79.273 98.785 119.25
93.540 115.91 139.28
85.067
101.06
119.19
139.61
162.47
97.709
115.70
136.05
158.91
184.45
109.23
129.06
151.44
176.55
204.57
119.48
140.98
165.23
192.42
222.75
128.59
151.64
177.63
206.78
239.30
136.90
161.42
189.09
220.14
254.81
144.84
170.84
200.21
233.20
270.09
153.13
180.76
212.01
247.19
286.60
130
140
150
160
170
2.226 4.607 7.773
2.893 5.830 9.674
3.723 7.315 11.947
4.747 9.104 14.644
6.000 11.244 17.824
12.008
14.767
18.024
21.844
26.295
17.752
21.616
26.129
31.367
37.409
25.521
30.803
36.913
43.936
51.961
35.864
42.931
51.032
60.262
70.718
49.278 66.094
58.531 77.934
69.050 91.292
80.937 106.28
94.297 123.00
86.336
101.13
117.70
136.18
156.67
109.62
127.64
147.72
169.98
194.54
135.12
156.54
180.29
206.51
235.30
161.66
186.51
213.97
244.16
277.22
187.93
216.13
247.20
281.28
318.49
212.82
244.19
278.70
316.49
357.68
235.67
270.01
307.76
349.07
394.08
256.40
293.56
334.40
379.11
427.84
275.40
315.29
359.17
407.23
459.68
293.33
335.94
382.87
434.34
490.60
311.13
356.60
406.78
461.92
522.31
330.54
379.36
433.38
492.95
558.45
180
190
200
210
220
7.520
9.350
11.538
14.136
17.201
31.450
37.387
44.186
51.934
60.720
44.337 61.079 82.499
52.238 71.387 95.708
61.203 82.981 110.45
71.325 95.961 126.82
82.702 110.43 144.93
109.24
125.86
144.27
164.58
186.89
141.57
162.10
184.69
209.44
236.46
179.28
204.13
231.31
260.94
293.10
221.50
250.98
283.07
317.88
355.49
266.78
301.05
338.21
378.36
421.56
313.23
352.32
394.57
440.06
488.88
358.94
402.74
449.98
500.74
555.08
402.40
450.76
502.85
558.75
618.54
442.93
495.73
552.59
613.62
678.88
480.75
537.98
599.66
665.90
736.81
516.68
578.42
645.04
716.70
793.51
551.84
618.28
690.11
767.51
850.64
588.22
659.91
737.65
821.68
912.24
630.24
708.74
794.38
887.64
989.03
230
240
250
20.796 34.644 50.838
24.986 40.934 59.393
29.844 48.115 69.056
211.30
237.93
266.87
265.85
297.71
332.14
327.90
365.42
405.74
395.98
439.44
485.95
467.91
517.45
570.25
541.08
596.71
655.83
613.07
674.74
740.12
682.28
749.99
821.71
748.46
822.39
900.70
812.47
892.93
978.24
875.57
962.94
1055.7
939.61
1034.5
1135.4
1009.5
1113.7
1224.7
1099.1
1218.7
1348.5
13.786
16.787
20.305
24.407
29.162
21.548
25.883
30.901
36.679
43.296
70.639 95.434 126.49
81.786 109.62 144.26
94.264 125.38 163.83
164.89
186.80
210.77
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
27:63–96 (1998).
2-93
2-94
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-27 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions
of Sodium Carbonate*
mmHg
%Na2CO3
t, °C
0
5
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
4.5
9.2
17.5
31.8
55.3
92.5
149.5
239.8
355.5
526.0
760.0
4.5
9.0
17.2
31.2
54.2
90.7
146.5
235
348
516
746
8.8
16.8
30.4
53.0
88.7
143.5
230.5
342
506
731
15
16.3
29.6
57.6
86.5
139.9
225
334
494
715
20
28.8
50.2
84.1
136.1
219
325
482
697
25
27.8
48.4
81.2
131.6
211.5
315
467
676
30
26.4
46.1
77.5
125.7
202.5
301
447
648
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 372.
TABLE 2-28 Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over
Aqueous Solutions of Methyl Alcohol*
39.9 °C
Mole
fraction
CH3OH
PH2O,
mmHg
PCH3OH ,
mmHg
0
14.99
17.85
21.07
27.31
31.06
40.1
47.0
55.8
68.9
86.0
100.0
54.7
39.2
38.5
37.2
35.8
34.9
32.8
31.5
27.3
20.7
10.1
0
0
66.1
75.5
85.2
100.6
108.8
127.7
141.6
158.4
186.6
225.2
260.7
59.4 °C
Mole
fraction
CH3OH
PH2O,
mmHg
PCH3OH ,
mmHg
0
22.17
27.40
33.24
39.80
47.08
55.5
69.2
78.5
85.9
100.0
145.4
106.9
102.2
96.6
91.7
84.8
76.9
57.8
43.8
30.1
0
0
210.1
240.2
272.1
301.9
335.6
373.7
439.4
486.6
526.9
609.3
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 290.
TABLE 2-29
Conc.
g NaOH/
100 g H2O
0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
500
700
1000
2000
4000
8000
Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Hydroxide*
mmHg
Temperature, °C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
200
250
300
350
4.6
4.4
4.2
3.6
2.9
2.2
17.5
16.9
16.0
13.9
11.3
8.7
6.3
4.4
3.0
2.0
1.3
0.9
55.3
53.2
50.6
44.2
36.6
28.7
20.7
15.5
10.9
7.6
5.2
3.6
1.7
149.5
143.5
137.0
120.5
101.0
81.0
62.5
47.0
34.5
24.5
17.5
12.5
6.3
3.0
1.5
355.5
341.5
325.5
288.5
246.0
202.0
160.5
124.0
94.0
70.5
53.0
38.5
20.5
11.0
6.0
3.5
2.0
0.5
0.1
760.0
730.0
697.0
621.0
537.0
450.0
368.0
294.0
231.0
179.0
138.0
105.0
61.0
35.5
20.5
12.0
7.0
2.0
0.5
1,489
1,430
1,365
1,225
1,070
920
770
635
515
415
330
262
164
102
63
40
25
8
2.7
0.9
4,633
4,450
4,260
3,860
3,460
3,090
2,690
2,340
2,030
1,740
1,490
1,300
915
765
470
340
245
110
50
23
11
11,647
11,200
10,750
9,800
8,950
8,150
7,400
6,750
6,100
5,500
5,000
4,500
3,650
2,980
2,430
1,980
1,620
985
610
380
240
100
29,771
28,600
27,500
25,300
23,300
21,500
19,900
18,400
17,100
15,800
14,700
13,650
11,800
10,300
8,960
7,830
6,870
5,000
3,690
2,750
2,080
1,210
440
64,200
61,800
59,300
54,700
50,800
47,200
44,100
41,200
38,700
36,300
34,200
32,200
28,800
25,900
23,300
21,200
19,200
15,400
12,500
10,300
8,600
6,100
3,300
1,470
150
123,600
118,900
114,100
105,400
98,000
91,600
85,800
80,700
76,000
71,900
68,100
64,600
58,600
53,400
49,000
45,100
41,800
35,000
29,800
25,700
22,400
17,500
11,500
6,800
1,760
120
7
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 370.
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES
2-95
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES
CHART FOR GASES AT HIGH PRESSURES
The accompanying figure is useful in determining the water-vapor
content of air at high pressure in contact with liquid water.
Water content of air, °C = (°F − 32) × 5⁄ 9. (Landsbaum, Dadds, and Stutzman. Reprinted from vol. 47, January 1955 issue of Ind. Eng. Chem. [p. 192].
Copyright 1955 by the American Chemical Society and reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.)
FIG. 2-4
2-96
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-30 Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from the Triple Point to the Critical Point
T, K
273.160*
274
276
278
280
282
284
286
288
290
292
294
296
298
300
302
304
306
308
310
312
314
316
318
320
322
324
326
328
330
332
334
336
338
340
342
344
346
348
350
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
999.793
999.843
999.914
999.919
999.862
999.746
999.575
999.352
999.079
998.758
998.392
997.983
997.532
997.042
996.513
995.948
995.346
994.711
994.042
993.342
992.610
991.848
991.056
990.235
989.387
988.512
987.610
986.682
985.728
984.750
983.747
982.721
981.671
980.599
979.503
978.386
977.247
976.086
974.904
973.702
352
354
356
358
360
362
364
366
368
370
372
374
376
378
380
382
384
386
388
390
392
394
396
398
400
402
404
406
408
410
412
414
416
418
420
422
424
426
428
430
972.479
971.235
969.972
968.689
967.386
966.064
964.723
963.363
961.984
960.587
959.171
957.737
956.285
954.815
953.327
951.822
950.298
948.758
947.199
945.624
944.030
942.420
940.793
939.148
937.486
935.807
934.111
932.398
930.668
928.921
927.157
925.375
923.577
921.761
919.929
918.079
916.212
914.328
912.426
910.507
432
434
436
438
440
442
444
446
448
450
452
454
456
458
460
462
464
466
468
470
472
474
476
478
480
482
484
486
488
490
492
494
496
498
500
502
504
506
508
510
908.571
906.617
904.645
902.656
900.649
898.624
896.580
894.519
892.439
890.341
888.225
886.089
883.935
881.761
879.569
877.357
875.125
872.873
870.601
868.310
865.997
863.664
861.310
858.934
856.537
854.118
851.678
849.214
846.728
844.219
841.686
839.130
836.549
833.944
831.313
828.658
825.976
823.269
820.534
817.772
512
514
516
518
520
522
524
526
528
530
532
534
536
538
540
542
544
546
548
550
552
554
556
558
560
562
564
566
568
570
572
574
576
578
580
582
584
586
588
590
814.982
812.164
809.318
806.441
803.535
800.597
797.629
794.628
791.594
788.527
785.425
782.288
779.115
775.905
772.657
769.369
766.042
762.674
759.263
755.808
752.308
748.762
745.169
741.525
737.831
734.084
730.283
726.425
722.508
718.530
714.489
710.382
706.206
701.959
697.638
693.238
688.757
684.190
679.533
674.781
592
594
596
598
600
602
604
606
608
610
612
614
616
618
620
622
624
626
628
630
632
634
636
638
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
647.096†
669.930
664.974
659.907
654.722
649.411
643.97
638.38
632.64
626.74
620.65
614.37
607.88
601.15
594.16
586.88
579.26
571.25
562.81
553.84
544.25
533.92
522.71
510.42
496.82
481.53
473.01
463.67
453.14
440.73
425.05
402.96
357.34
322
*Triple point
†Critical point
From Wagner, W., and Pruss, A., “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,”
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387–535, 2002.
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-97
TABLE 2-31
Density (kg/m3) of Mercury from 0 to 350°C*
t, °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
10
20
30
40
13595.08
13570.44
13545.87
13521.36
13496.92
13592.61
13567.98
13543.41
13518.91
13494.48
13590.14
13565.52
13540.96
13516.47
13492.04
13587.68
13563.06
13538.51
13514.02
13489.60
13585.21
13560.60
13536.06
13511.58
13487.16
13582.75
13558.14
13533.61
13509.13
13484.72
13580.29
13555.69
13531.16
13506.69
13482.29
13577.82
13553.23
13528.71
13504.25
13479.85
13575.36
13550.78
13526.26
13501.80
13477.41
13572.90
13548.32
13523.81
13499.36
13474.98
50
60
70
80
90
13472.54
13448.22
13423.96
13399.75
13375.59
13470.11
13445.80
13421.54
13397.34
13373.18
13467.67
13443.37
13419.12
13394.92
13370.77
13465.24
13440.94
13416.69
13392.50
13368.36
13462.81
13438.51
13414.27
13390.08
13365.94
13460.38
13436.09
13411.85
13387.67
13363.53
13457.94
13433.66
13409.43
13385.25
13361.12
13455.51
13431.23
13407.01
13382.84
13358.71
13453.08
13428.81
13404.59
13380.42
13356.30
13450.65
13426.39
13402.17
13378.01
13353.89
100
110
120
130
140
13351.5
13327.4
13303.4
13279.4
13255.4
13349.1
13325.0
13301.0
13277.0
13253.0
13346.7
13322.6
13298.6
13274.6
13250.6
13344.3
13320.2
13296.2
13272.2
13248.2
13341.9
13317.8
13293.8
13269.8
13245.8
13339.4
13315.4
13291.4
13267.4
13243.4
13337.0
13313.0
13288.9
13265.0
13241.0
13334.6
13310.6
13286.6
13262.6
13238.7
13332.2
13308.2
13284.2
13260.2
13236.3
13329.8
13305.8
13281.8
13257.8
13233.9
150
160
170
180
190
13231.5
13207.6
13183.7
13159.8
13136.0
13229.1
13205.2
13181.3
13157.4
13133.6
13226.7
13202.8
13178.9
13155.0
13131.2
13224.3
13200.4
13176.5
13152.6
13128.3
13221.9
13198.0
13174.1
13150.3
13126.4
13219.5
13195.6
13171.7
13147.9
13124.0
13217.1
13193.2
13169.4
13145.5
13121.7
13214.7
13190.8
13167.0
13143.1
13119.3
13212.4
13188.5
13164.6
13140.7
13116.9
13210.0
13186.1
13162.2
13138.3
13114.5
200
210
220
230
240
13112.1
13088.3
13064.5
13040.6
13016.8
13109.7
13085.9
13062.1
13038.3
13014.5
13107.4
13083.5
13059.7
13035.9
13012.1
13105.0
13081.1
13057.3
13033.5
13009.7
13102.6
13078.8
13054.9
13031.1
13007.3
13100.2
13076.4
13052.6
13028.7
13004.9
13097.8
13074.0
13050.2
13026.4
13002.5
13095.4
13071.6
13047.8
13024.0
13000.2
13093.1
13069.2
13045.4
13021.6
12997.8
13090.7
13066.8
13043.0
13019.2
12995.4
250
260
270
280
290
12993.0
12969.2
12945.4
12921.5
12897.7
12990.6
12966.8
12943.0
12919.1
12895.3
12988.3
12964.4
12940.6
12916.7
12892.9
12985.9
12962.0
12938.2
12914.4
12890.5
12983.5
12959.7
12935.8
12912.0
12888.1
12981.1
12957.3
12933.4
12909.6
12885.7
12978.7
12954.9
12931.1
12907.2
12883.3
12976.3
12952.5
12928.7
12904.8
12880.9
12974.0
12950.1
12926.3
12902.4
12878.5
12971.6
12947.7
12923.9
12900.0
12876.2
300
310
320
330
340
12873.8
12849.9
12825.9
12801.9
12777.8
12871.4
12847.5
12823.5
12799.5
12775.4
12869.0
12845.1
12821.1
12797.1
12773.0
12866.6
12842.7
12818.7
12794.7
12770.6
12864.2
12840.3
12816.3
12792.3
12768.2
12861.8
12837.9
12813.9
12789.9
12765.8
12859.4
12835.5
12811.5
12787.5
12763.4
12857.0
12833.1
12809.1
12785.1
12761.0
12854.6
12830.7
12806.7
12782.7
12758.6
12852.2
12828.3
12804.3
12780.2
12756.1
350
12753.7
Density, kg /m3
*From “Mercury—Density and Thermal Expansion at Atmospheric Pressure and Temperatures from 0 to 350 °C,” Tables of Standard Handbook Data, Standartov,
Moscow, 1978. The density values obtainable from those cited for the specific volume of the saturated liquid in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection show
minor differences. No attempt was made to adjust either set.
2-98
TABLE 2-32
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3)
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
39.948
121.137
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
108.138
1.6994
1.016
1.4486
0.86852
1.2332
1.3064
2.4507
1.3261
1.2414
1.0816
2.8963
3.5383
0.77488
3.8469
0.7371
1.0259
0.83573
0.71587
0.8552
0.43743
0.59867
0.60917
0.70797
0.52257
2.1872
0.8226
1.1908
1.6762
1.187
1.2346
1.0677
0.81696
0.81856
0.98279
0.9682
1.0877
1.1591
1.1448
0.67794
0.50812
0.89458
0.89137
1.3409
1.0361
0.88443
0.87533
2.768
1.7968
2.897
0.99835
1.955
2.23
0.8711
1.3
1.0841
1.817
1.087
1.1202
0.9061
0.26167
0.21845
0.25892
0.25187
0.25886
0.22597
0.27448
0.26124
0.25822
0.2293
0.26733
0.25443
0.26114
0.2881
0.25487
0.26666
0.26326
0.24812
0.26785
0.24833
0.22849
0.26925
0.25982
0.25833
0.29527
0.26632
0.25595
0.26141
0.26114
0.27216
0.27188
0.24755
0.24967
0.26830
0.26244
0.26454
0.27085
0.27154
0.2637
0.25238
0.27463
0.27365
0.27892
0.26731
0.25828
0.24331
0.26212
0.28749
0.27532
0.274
0.27884
0.27645
0.26805
0.26019
0.2581
0.25877
0.26832
0.27669
0.28268
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
535
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
699.35
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
467
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
582.25
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
C4
Tmin, K
Density
at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density
at Tmax
0.2913
0.26116
0.2529
0.31172
0.2913
0.28678
0.28752
0.2489
0.30701
0.28939
0.27341
0.2888
0.28234
0.29783
0.28571
0.28394
0.30798
0.2857
0.30523
0.27555
0.23567
0.2632
0.32144
0.27026
0.3295
0.2821
0.29152
0.28402
0.3065
0.28707
0.28688
0.24535
0.22023
0.25488
0.26749
0.2843
0.28116
0.28419
0.29318
0.29373
0.28512
0.2953
0.29661
0.28397
0.248
0.28586
0.2908
0.3226
0.2813
0.287
0.28571
0.2926
0.2799
0.27155
0.2741
0.2833
0.28055
0.27646
0.2707
150.15
353.33
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.40
185.45
286.15
189.63
59.15
195.41
235.65
83.78
403.00
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.40
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.20
265.85
242.43
154.55
179.47
136.95
164.25
134.86
220.00
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.80
134.26
167.62
199.65
185.30
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.75
267.95
161.25
216.58
161.11
68.15
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
134.80
209.63
175.43
150.35
155.97
285.39
21.499
16.936
17.492
11.643
15.683
20.628
23.692
16.822
14.693
17.265
33.279
43.141
9.668
35.491
8.938
11.422
10.074
8.894
10.011
5.950
9.905
7.065
8.862
6.425
20.109
9.909
15.833
20.640
15.123
14.058
12.620
11.734
11.872
12.035
12.471
14.264
13.894
13.080
8.337
7.026
10.585
10.761
14.901
12.589
11.087
13.047
26.828
19.064
30.180
10.843
21.211
24.242
10.385
17.016
13.702
22.347
13.328
12.855
9.612
466.00
761.00
591.95
606.00
508.20
545.50
308.30
506.00
615.00
535.00
132.45
405.65
645.60
150.86
824.00
562.05
689.00
751.00
699.35
830.00
720.15
662.00
718.00
773.00
584.15
670.15
503.80
467.00
452.00
425.00
425.12
680.00
676.00
563.10
535.90
419.50
435.50
428.60
575.40
660.50
570.10
554.00
440.00
537.20
615.70
582.25
304.21
552.00
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.40
416.25
503.15
489.00
705.85
6.4944
4.6509
5.5948
3.4483
4.7640
5.7813
8.9285
5.0762
4.8075
4.7170
10.8340
13.9070
2.9673
13.3530
2.8921
3.8472
3.1745
2.8852
3.1928
1.7615
2.6201
2.2625
2.7248
2.0229
7.4075
3.0888
4.6525
6.4121
4.5455
4.5363
3.9271
3.3002
3.2786
3.6630
3.6892
4.1117
4.2795
4.2160
2.5709
2.0133
3.2574
3.2573
4.8075
3.8760
3.4243
3.5976
10.5600
6.2500
10.5220
3.6436
7.0112
8.0666
3.2498
4.9963
4.2003
7.0217
4.0511
4.0486
3.2054
2-99
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
108.138
108.138
120.192
52.035
56.106
84.159
100.159
98.143
82.144
70.133
68.117
42.080
116.224
156.265
142.282
172.265
158.281
140.266
174.347
138.250
4.032
187.861
187.861
173.835
130.228
147.002
147.002
147.002
98.959
98.959
84.933
112.986
112.986
105.136
73.137
74.122
90.187
66.050
66.050
52.023
101.190
102.175
114.185
90.121
104.148
54.090
45.084
86.175
112.213
112.213
112.213
94.199
46.068
73.094
100.202
194.184
60.170
62.134
78.133
194.184
88.105
170.207
101.190
1.0861
1.1503
0.58711
1.0743
1.3931
0.88998
0.8243
0.86464
0.92997
1.0897
1.1035
1.7411
0.78578
0.46802
0.41084
0.39348
0.38208
0.43981
0.44289
0.46877
5.2115
0.95523
1.0132
1.1136
0.55941
0.74495
0.74404
0.74858
1.1055
1.2591
1.3897
0.9551
0.89833
0.68184
0.85379
0.9554
0.82227
1.4345
1.173
1.9973
0.6181
0.69213
0.64619
0.89368
0.76327
1.1717
1.5436
0.7565
0.55873
0.52953
0.54405
1.1058
1.5693
0.89615
0.72352
0.47977
1.0214
1.4029
1.1096
0.50824
1.1819
0.52133
0.659
0.30624
0.31861
0.25583
0.20948
0.29255
0.27376
0.26545
0.26888
0.27056
0.28356
0.27035
0.28205
0.27882
0.27146
0.25175
0.2492
0.24645
0.25661
0.27636
0.25875
0.315
0.26364
0.26634
0.24834
0.27243
0.26147
0.26112
0.26276
0.26533
0.27698
0.25678
0.27794
0.26142
0.23796
0.25675
0.26847
0.26314
0.25774
0.22856
0.24653
0.25786
0.26974
0.26881
0.26599
0.26742
0.25895
0.27784
0.27305
0.25143
0.24358
0.25026
0.27866
0.2679
0.23478
0.28629
0.25428
0.26351
0.27991
0.25189
0.26885
0.2813
0.26218
0.26428
697.55
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674.2
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.26
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
473.2
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
772
587
766.8
550
0.30587
0.30104
0.28498
0.20724
0.24913
0.28571
0.28495
0.29943
0.28943
0.25142
0.28699
0.29598
0.31067
0.26869
0.28571
0.28571
0.26125
0.29148
0.27668
0.29479
0.28571
0.29825
0.28571
0.27583
0.29932
0.31526
0.30815
0.30788
0.287
0.30492
0.2902
0.24132
0.2868
0.2062
0.27027
0.2814
0.27369
0.28178
0.28571
0.28153
0.271
0.28571
0.28036
0.28571
0.28571
0.27289
0.2572
0.27408
0.27758
0.26809
0.2658
0.31082
0.2882
0.28091
0.27121
0.30722
0.28421
0.2741
0.3311
0.2612
0.3047
0.31033
0.2766
304.19
307.93
177.14
245.25
182.48
279.69
296.60
242.00
169.67
179.28
138.13
145.59
189.64
267.15
243.51
304.55
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
18.73
210.15
282.85
220.60
175.30
248.39
256.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
178.01
200.00
172.71
301.15
223.35
156.85
169.20
154.56
215.00
136.95
176.85
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.10
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
212.72
160.00
274.18
122.93
174.88
291.67
413.80
284.95
300.03
210.15
9.575
9.449
7.939
18.520
14.074
9.380
9.469
10.090
11.160
11.906
13.470
18.658
8.905
5.383
5.393
5.181
5.261
5.733
5.005
5.895
42.945
11.799
11.704
15.358
6.607
9.121
9.166
8.518
13.549
13.462
17.974
10.862
11.526
10.390
10.575
11.487
10.470
18.006
17.424
27.399
8.054
8.067
7.680
11.029
8.843
13.767
16.964
9.031
7.342
7.578
7.626
12.413
18.950
13.954
7.874
6.233
12.898
15.556
14.111
5.538
11.838
6.265
7.993
697.55
704.65
631.00
400.15
459.93
553.80
650.10
653.00
560.40
511.70
507.00
398.00
664.00
674.20
617.70
722.10
688.00
616.60
696.00
619.85
38.35
628.00
650.15
611.00
584.10
683.95
705.00
684.75
523.00
561.60
510.00
560.00
572.00
736.60
496.60
466.70
557.15
386.44
445.00
351.26
523.10
500.05
576.00
507.80
543.00
473.20
437.20
500.00
591.15
606.15
596.15
615.00
400.10
649.60
537.30
766.00
402.00
503.04
729.00
772.00
587.00
766.80
550.00
3.5466
3.6104
2.2949
5.1284
4.7619
3.2509
3.1053
3.2157
3.4372
3.8429
4.0817
6.1730
2.8182
1.7241
1.6320
1.5790
1.5503
1.7139
1.6026
1.8117
16.5440
3.6232
3.8042
4.4842
2.0534
2.8491
2.8494
2.8489
4.1665
4.5458
5.4120
3.4364
3.4363
2.8654
3.3254
3.5587
3.1248
5.5657
5.1321
8.6070
2.3970
2.5659
2.4039
3.3598
2.8542
4.5248
5.5557
2.7706
2.2222
2.1739
2.1739
3.9683
5.8578
3.8170
2.5272
1.8868
3.8761
5.0120
4.4051
1.8904
4.2016
1.9884
2.4936
2-100
TABLE 2-32
Cmpd.
no.
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Continued)
Name
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
C4
Tmin, K
Density
at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density
at Tmax
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
170.335
282.547
30.069
46.068
88.105
45.084
106.165
150.175
116.158
116.158
112.213
98.186
28.053
60.098
62.068
43.068
44.053
74.079
144.211
130.228
88.148
100.159
62.134
102.132
88.148
163.506
37.997
96.102
48.060
34.033
30.026
45.041
46.026
68.074
4.003
240.468
114.185
100.202
130.185
116.201
116.201
114.185
114.185
98.186
132.267
96.170
226.441
100.159
86.175
116.158
102.175
102.175
100.159
100.159
84.159
82.144
118.240
82.144
82.144
0.33267
0.18166
1.9122
1.6288
0.8996
1.0936
0.70041
0.48864
0.66085
0.63566
0.61587
0.71751
2.0961
0.7842
1.315
1.3462
1.836
1.1343
0.47428
0.55729
0.8185
0.68162
1.3047
0.7405
0.7908
0.58579
4.2895
1.0146
1.6525
2.1854
1.9415
1.2486
1.938
1.1339
7.2475
0.21897
0.59006
0.61259
0.53066
0.55687
0.57114
0.59268
0.58247
0.66016
0.58622
0.67304
0.23289
0.71899
0.70824
0.62833
0.70093
0.67393
0.67816
0.67666
0.76925
0.78045
0.66372
0.84427
0.76277
0.24664
0.23351
0.27937
0.27469
0.25856
0.22636
0.26162
0.23894
0.25707
0.25613
0.26477
0.26903
0.27657
0.20702
0.25125
0.23289
0.26024
0.26168
0.25028
0.2714
0.26929
0.25152
0.2694
0.25563
0.266
0.24246
0.28587
0.27277
0.27099
0.24725
0.22309
0.20352
0.24225
0.24741
0.41865
0.23642
0.25609
0.26211
0.24729
0.24725
0.25534
0.25663
0.25279
0.26657
0.2726
0.26045
0.23659
0.26531
0.26411
0.25598
0.26776
0.25948
0.25634
0.25578
0.26809
0.26065
0.27345
0.27185
0.25248
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
408
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
616.8
540.2
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
591
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
0.28571
0.28571
0.29187
0.23178
0.278
0.25522
0.28454
0.28421
0.31103
0.27829
0.28054
0.27733
0.29147
0.20254
0.21868
0.23357
0.2696
0.2791
0.25442
0.29538
0.30621
0.3182
0.27866
0.2795
0.292
0.29509
0.28776
0.28291
0.2442
0.27558
0.28571
0.25178
0.24435
0.2612
0.24096
0.28571
0.28384
0.28141
0.28289
0.31471
0.26487
0.27766
0.29818
0.28571
0.29644
0.28388
0.28571
0.27628
0.27537
0.25304
0.24919
0.26552
0.28365
0.27746
0.28571
0.28571
0.29185
0.2771
0.31611
263.57
309.58
90.35
159.05
189.60
192.15
178.20
238.45
258.15
175.15
161.84
134.71
104.00
284.29
260.15
195.20
160.65
193.55
235.00
180.00
140.00
204.15
125.26
199.25
145.65
167.55
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
181.15
275.60
281.45
187.55
2.20
295.13
229.80
182.57
265.83
239.15
230.00
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
192.22
291.31
217.15
177.83
269.25
228.55
223.00
217.35
217.50
133.39
170.05
192.62
141.25
183.65
4.521
2.729
21.640
19.410
11.478
17.588
9.041
7.291
8.220
8.491
7.868
9.018
23.326
15.055
18.310
21.450
23.477
14.006
6.563
6.612
9.924
8.975
16.242
9.632
9.847
8.653
44.888
11.374
19.785
29.526
30.945
25.488
26.806
15.702
37.115
3.219
7.600
7.700
7.221
7.502
7.454
7.575
7.551
8.226
6.728
8.492
3.415
8.724
8.747
8.096
8.456
8.518
8.732
8.763
9.581
10.021
7.773
10.230
10.133
658.00
768.00
305.32
514.00
523.30
456.15
617.15
698.00
655.00
571.00
609.15
569.50
282.34
593.00
720.00
537.00
469.15
508.40
674.60
583.00
489.00
567.00
499.15
546.00
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
408.00
771.00
588.00
490.15
5.20
736.00
616.80
540.20
677.30
632.30
608.30
606.60
611.40
537.40
645.00
547.00
723.00
591.00
507.60
660.20
611.30
585.30
587.61
582.82
504.00
544.00
623.00
516.20
549.00
1.3490
0.7780
6.8447
5.9296
3.4793
4.8312
2.6772
2.0450
2.5707
2.4818
2.3261
2.6670
7.5789
3.7880
5.2338
5.7804
7.0550
4.3347
1.8950
2.0534
3.0395
2.7100
4.8430
2.8968
2.9729
2.4160
15.0050
3.7196
6.0980
8.8388
8.7028
6.1350
8.0000
4.5831
17.3120
0.9262
2.3041
2.3371
2.1459
2.2523
2.2368
2.3095
2.3042
2.4765
2.1505
2.5841
0.9844
2.7100
2.6816
2.4546
2.6178
2.5972
2.6455
2.6455
2.8694
2.9942
2.4272
3.1056
3.0211
2-101
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
H4N2
H2
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
32.045
2.016
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
74.122
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
1.0516
5.414
2.832
3.342
1.3413
2.5635
2.7672
0.88575
1.2801
0.84266
0.87025
2.9214
2.3267
0.88268
1.13
1.6085
0.97286
1.39
0.53382
0.84623
0.91991
0.72762
0.80828
0.91619
0.93391
1.1157
0.8363
0.75509
0.94575
0.76983
1.0674
0.73109
0.7013
0.70973
0.72836
0.84758
0.88824
0.9109
0.97608
1.2635
0.93767
1.067
1.525
0.84005
0.71687
1.0228
0.97887
0.86567
0.78912
1.9323
0.7761
0.4416
0.72701
0.71004
1.0631
0.92128
1.1446
0.9147
0.96145
0.87496
1.3052
0.64856
0.928
0.16613
0.34893
0.2832
0.2729
0.18589
0.1766
0.27369
0.25736
0.2828
0.217
0.24383
0.28976
0.27073
0.23568
0.2593
0.26436
0.26267
0.21405
0.23274
0.24625
0.27815
0.25244
0.26783
0.26752
0.27275
0.27671
0.27514
0.27183
0.26008
0.26173
0.26257
0.26971
0.266
0.26544
0.27241
0.27037
0.26914
0.276
0.28209
0.27878
0.25035
0.27102
0.2634
0.27638
0.26453
0.20692
0.27017
0.26836
0.25915
0.28018
0.25068
0.2521
0.26754
0.26981
0.27506
0.25442
0.2724
0.2594
0.26536
0.26862
0.26757
0.25877
0.289
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
805
662
190.56
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
442
572.1
686
614
617
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
654
497.1
0.1898
0.2706
0.28571
0.3217
0.28206
0.3733
0.29015
0.26265
0.2972
0.28571
0.28571
0.28881
0.24713
0.27379
0.2764
0.27987
0.2508
0.2275
0.28147
0.29041
0.28667
0.28571
0.23588
0.28164
0.2578
0.30821
0.27553
0.29127
0.30807
0.26879
0.26569
0.29185
0.28571
0.26016
0.2478
0.28258
0.27874
0.26756
0.22529
0.2744
0.29964
0.29364
0.2806
0.27645
0.28918
0.28571
0.28998
0.28364
0.26512
0.28523
0.29773
0.28532
0.28268
0.29974
0.2758
0.27586
0.28172
0.2774
0.30088
0.30259
0.28799
0.31444
0.286
274.69
13.95
185.15
158.97
259.83
189.79
187.68
227.15
177.95
407.95
288.15
90.69
175.47
301.15
175.15
170.45
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
193.00
155.95
135.58
139.39
160.15
157.48
175.30
183.45
187.35
139.05
146.58
285.15
280.15
269.15
130.73
146.62
115.00
182.55
160.00
186.48
167.23
174.15
150.00
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240.00
119.55
176.00
113.54
298.97
132.81
185.65
133.97
160.17
116.34
249.95
164.55
31.934
38.487
27.985
34.854
27.202
60.203
29.130
11.420
13.561
13.533
11.834
28.180
27.915
13.012
14.475
19.031
12.203
25.378
8.220
11.994
10.764
9.992
10.254
11.332
11.216
12.581
9.758
9.006
11.519
9.764
13.626
9.017
8.209
8.293
8.263
10.491
10.980
11.014
10.789
13.995
12.663
12.671
18.811
9.738
8.862
17.666
11.933
10.460
10.352
21.564
10.176
5.938
9.204
8.445
12.574
10.556
13.507
11.678
12.043
10.689
15.791
8.010
9.710
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605.00
471.85
805.00
662.00
190.56
512.50
718.00
506.55
402.40
536.00
430.05
693.00
490.00
460.40
643.00
577.20
465.00
470.00
492.00
512.74
593.00
463.20
554.50
442.00
572.10
686.00
614.00
617.00
532.70
542.00
526.00
483.00
437.80
535.50
533.00
487.20
497.00
574.60
488.00
464.48
553.40
553.10
469.95
566.00
694.00
497.70
546.49
407.80
506.20
417.90
530.60
476.25
565.00
352.50
654.00
497.10
6.3300
15.5160
10.0000
12.2460
7.2156
14.5160
10.1110
3.4417
4.5265
3.8832
3.5691
10.0820
8.5942
3.7452
4.3579
6.0845
3.7037
6.4938
2.2936
3.4365
3.3072
2.8823
3.0179
3.4248
3.4241
4.0320
3.0395
2.7778
3.6364
2.9413
4.0652
2.7107
2.6365
2.6738
2.6738
3.1349
3.3003
3.3004
3.4602
4.5322
3.7454
3.9370
5.7897
3.0395
2.7100
4.9430
3.6232
3.2258
3.0450
6.8966
3.0960
1.7517
2.7174
2.6316
3.8650
3.6211
4.2019
3.5262
3.6232
3.2572
4.8780
2.5063
3.2111
2-102
TABLE 2-32
Cmpd.
no.
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Concluded)
Name
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
C4
Tmin, K
Density
at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density
at Tmax
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
58.079
128.171
20.180
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
30.006
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
74.079
55.079
102.132
59.110
1.2587
0.6348
7.3718
1.0024
3.2091
2.3736
1.3728
2.781
5.246
0.19199
0.49587
0.46321
0.41582
0.43682
0.41687
0.48661
0.47377
0.52152
0.20448
0.53636
0.5266
0.48251
0.48979
0.50726
0.50006
0.5108
0.55449
0.52577
0.58945
1.0501
3.9143
3.3592
0.25142
0.83871
0.84947
0.73455
0.81754
0.79324
0.90411
0.71811
0.89816
0.65858
0.75345
0.8491
0.92099
0.45554
1.3798
0.63163
0.5393
1.6087
1.3757
1.2457
1.1799
0.61255
1.296
1.0969
1.0224
0.73041
0.9195
0.26433
0.25838
0.3067
0.23655
0.2861
0.2817
0.23793
0.27244
0.3044
0.23337
0.26135
0.25444
0.24284
0.25161
0.24056
0.25722
0.27052
0.25918
0.23474
0.26174
0.25693
0.25196
0.24931
0.25972
0.24851
0.25386
0.25952
0.27234
0.26052
0.215
0.28772
0.29884
0.23837
0.26252
0.26726
0.25636
0.26732
0.25806
0.27207
0.24129
0.26608
0.25367
0.27047
0.2352
0.25419
0.2523
0.31598
0.23373
0.22704
0.26543
0.27453
0.27281
0.2644
0.26769
0.26439
0.25568
0.23452
0.25456
0.23878
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
652.3
629.8
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
804
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
504.4
600.81
564.4
549.73
496.95
0.25819
0.27727
0.2786
0.278
0.2966
0.29529
0.29601
0.2882
0.242
0.28571
0.30736
0.28571
0.30036
0.2498
0.2916
0.28571
0.30284
0.29177
0.28571
0.26348
0.28571
0.26842
0.27824
0.22
0.29942
0.26735
0.28571
0.30063
0.28532
0.28571
0.2924
0.28523
0.28571
0.29444
0.27789
0.25522
0.25348
0.28571
0.30669
0.27996
0.28571
0.28571
0.30583
0.353
0.31077
0.24841
0.32768
0.28571
0.248
0.29895
0.29359
0.23994
0.24653
0.28571
0.29471
0.26857
0.2804
0.27666
0.2461
151.15
333.15
24.56
183.63
63.15
66.46
244.60
182.30
109.50
305.04
255.15
219.66
285.55
268.15
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
246.00
216.38
289.65
257.65
241.55
252.85
255.55
171.45
223.95
193.55
462.65
54.35
80.15
283.07
182.00
143.42
239.15
195.56
200.00
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
167.45
163.83
372.38
314.06
243.15
404.15
136.87
85.47
146.95
185.26
199.00
170.00
252.45
180.26
178.15
188.36
15.691
7.755
61.796
15.556
31.063
26.555
19.632
27.928
44.487
2.889
6.017
6.043
5.759
5.850
6.031
6.372
5.453
6.537
3.042
6.664
6.705
6.311
6.574
6.563
6.648
6.628
7.216
6.099
7.483
16.271
40.770
33.361
3.642
10.534
10.474
9.587
10.061
10.147
10.398
10.102
11.521
9.073
8.858
12.532
12.240
5.985
11.244
9.647
8.222
19.479
16.583
15.206
14.663
7.476
15.929
13.935
16.027
9.794
13.764
437.00
748.40
44.40
593.00
126.20
234.00
588.15
309.57
180.15
758.00
658.00
594.60
710.70
670.90
649.50
593.10
681.00
598.05
747.00
638.90
568.70
694.26
652.30
629.80
632.70
627.70
566.90
667.30
574.00
804.00
154.58
261.00
708.00
566.10
469.70
639.16
588.10
561.00
561.08
560.95
464.80
584.30
598.00
481.20
519.00
869.00
694.25
653.00
791.00
394.00
369.83
536.80
508.30
636.00
504.40
600.81
564.40
549.73
496.95
4.7619
2.4568
24.0360
4.2376
11.2170
8.4260
5.7698
10.2080
17.2340
0.8227
1.8973
1.8210
1.7123
1.7361
1.7329
1.8918
1.7513
2.0122
0.8711
2.0492
2.0500
1.9150
1.9646
1.9531
2.0122
2.0121
2.1366
1.9306
2.2626
4.8842
13.6050
11.2410
1.0550
3.1948
3.1784
2.8653
3.0583
3.0739
3.3231
2.9761
3.3755
2.5962
2.7857
3.6101
3.6232
1.8055
4.3667
2.7024
2.3754
6.0607
5.0111
4.5662
4.4626
2.2883
4.9018
4.2901
4.3595
2.8693
3.8508
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
344
345
346
347
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
o-Terphenyl [use Eq. (2)]
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water [use Eq. (2)]
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
0.57233
1.4403
0.915
1.093
1.0714
1.0923
0.83228
1.1945
0.7397
0.70284
2.106
1.3587
1.4969
0.42685
0.3448
5.7136
0.27248
1.2543
0.67717
1.1628
0.58988
1.2874
0.8792
0.9062
0.29934
0.7035
1.0116
0.6531
0.60394
0.59059
0.6028
0.48195
0.37378
0.36703
0.33113
0.9591
1.2703
1.5115
0.59595
−13.851
0.68902
0.69962
0.67752
0.25171
0.26852
0.26134
0.27762
0.27214
0.26106
0.25385
0.24128
0.2603
0.22268
0.25842
0.2701
0.19013
0.181
0.25116
−0.003474
0.24007
0.28084
0.27772
0.28954
0.27201
0.28194
0.27136
0.25475
0.2433
0.27386
0.25683
0.27002
0.25956
0.27424
0.27446
0.23093
0.21379
0.24876
0.23676
0.2593
0.26041
0.2707
0.24314
0.64038
0.26086
0.26143
0.25887
638.35
364.85
538
517
536.6
626
683
259
636
806
430.75
318.69
490.85
1113
857
0.29616
0.28775
0.28
0.29781
0.29481
0.20459
0.23658
0.16693
0.3009
0.28571
0.2895
0.2921
0.4359
0.28571
0.29268
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
−0.00191
617
630.3
616.2
0.28571
0.2912
0.2878
0.28674
0.27341
0.30781
0.29241
0.31
0.28571
0.2872
0.2696
0.26268
0.27713
0.2847
0.2741
0.28571
0.29905
0.28571
0.2762
0.27448
0.297
0.2716
0.24856
1.8211E-06
0.27479
0.27365
0.27596
173.55
87.89
180.25
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.65
197.67
223.15
289.95
700.15
329.35
288.15
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.99
373.96
234.94
178.18
236.50
267.76
158.45
156.08
243.15
229.33
165.78
172.22
398.40
354.00
247.57
288.45
180.35
173.15
119.36
178.35
273.16
225.30
247.98
286.41
7.982
18.070
11.590
12.610
12.716
14.363
10.082
15.635
9.109
10.261
25.298
12.631
24.241
8.546
4.553
4.713
3.889
13.998
7.638
12.408
5.724
13.430
10.487
11.478
4.182
8.284
13.144
7.728
7.689
6.915
7.093
7.083
6.452
4.945
4.859
12.287
15.664
18.481
8.824
55.497
8.648
8.623
8.161
638.35
364.85
538.00
517.00
536.60
626.00
683.00
259.00
636.00
806.00
430.75
318.69
490.85
1113.00
857.00
313.19
693.00
540.15
720.00
631.95
568.00
579.35
591.75
602.00
675.00
535.15
433.25
664.50
649.10
543.80
573.50
846.00
828.00
639.00
703.90
519.13
454.00
432.00
543.15
353.15
617.00
630.30
616.20
2.2738
5.3638
3.5012
3.9370
3.9369
4.1841
3.2786
4.9507
2.8417
3.1563
8.1495
5.0304
7.8730
2.3583
1.3728
4.6256
1.1350
4.4662
2.4383
4.0160
2.1686
4.5662
3.2400
3.5572
1.2300
2.5688
3.9388
2.4187
2.3268
2.1536
2.1963
2.0870
1.7484
1.4750
1.3986
3.6988
4.8781
5.5837
2.4511
54.0012
2.6413
2.6761
2.6172
Except for o-terphenyl and water, liquid density ρ is calculated by
C4]
= C1/C2[1 + (1−T/C3)
where ρ is in mol/dm and T is in K. The pressure is equal to the vapor pressure for pressures greater than 1 atm and equal to 1 atm when the vapor pressure is less than 1 atm.
Equation (2), used for the limited temperature ranges as noted for o-terphenyl and water, is
3
= C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3
For water over the entire temperature range of 273.16 to 647.096 K, use
= 17.863 + 58.606τ0.35 − 95.396τ2/3 + 213.89τ − 141.26τ4/3
where τ = 1 − T/647.096.
2-103
All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission
of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert,
R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-104
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
UNITS AND UNITS CONVERSIONS
Most densities are given in grams per cubic centimeter. To convert to
pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32. Compositions are weight percent unless otherwise stated.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
For more detailed data on densities see International Critical Tables:
tabular index, vol. 3, p. 1; abrasives, vol. 2, p. 87; air, moist, vol. 1, p. 71;
building stones, vol. 2, p. 52; clays, vol. 2, p. 56; coals, vol. 2, p. 135; compounds, vol. 1, pp. 106, 176, 313, 341; elements, vol. 1, pp. 102, 340;
fibers, vol. 2, p. 237; gases and vapors, vol. 3, pp. 3, 345; glass, vol. 2, p.
93; liquids and vitreous solids, vol. 3, p. 22; vol. 1, pp. 102, 340; vol. 2,
TABLE 2-33
pp. 456, 463; vol. 3, pp. 20, 35; liquid coolants and saturated vapors are
available from WADC-TR-59-598, 1959; plastics are collected in the
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.;
solid helium, neon, argon, fluorine, and methane data are given by
Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960; temperatures of maximum solubility, vol. 3, p. 107; metals, vol. 2, p. 463; oils, fats, and waxes, vol. 2, p.
201; orthobaric, vol. 3, pp. 202, 228, 237, 244; petroleums, vol. 2, pp.
137, 144; plastics, vol. 2, p. 296; porcelains, vol. 2, pp. 68, 75; refrigerating brines, vol. 2, p. 327; rubber, vol. 2, pp. 255, 259; soaps, vol. 5, p. 447;
metallic solid solutions, vol. 2, p. 358; solids, vol. 3, pp. 43, 45; vol. 2, p.
456; vol. 3, p. 21; solutions and mixtures, vol. 3, pp. 17, 51, 95, 104, 107,
111, 125, 130; woods, vol. 2, p. 1. Also see the Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., 86th ed., etc.
Aluminum Sulfate [Al2(SO4)3]*
%
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
1
2
4
8
12
1.0093
1.0195
1.0404
1.0837
1.1293
16
20
24
26
1.1770
1.2272
1.2803
1.3079
TABLE 2-38 Ammonium
Chromate [(NH4)2CrO4]*
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 70.
TABLE 2-34
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
20 °C 25 °C %
d 15
4
0.9943 0.9954 0.9959 0.9958 0.9955 0.9939 0.993 32 0.889
.9906 .9915 .9919 .9917 .9913 .9895 .988 36 .877
.9834 .9840 .9842 .9837 .9832 .9811 .980 40 .865
0.970 .9701 .9701 .9695 .9686 .9677 .9651 .964 45 .849
.958 .9576 .9571 .9561 .9548 .9534 .9501 .948 50 .832
.947 .9461 .9450 .9435 .9420 .9402 .9362 .934 60 .796
.9353 .9335 .9316 .9296 .9275 .9229
70 .755
.9249 .9226 .9202 .9179 .9155 .9101
80 .711
.9150 .9122 .9094 .9067 .9040 .8980
90 .665
.9101 .9070 .9040 .9012 .8983 .8920
100 .618
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 59.
TABLE 2-35 Ammonium
Acetate* (CH3COONH4)
TABLE 2-36 Ammonium
Bichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7]*
d 4t
3.80
10.52
19.75
28.04
20
13
13.7
19.6
1.0219
1.0627
1.1189
1.1707
TABLE 2-39
Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
24.0
28.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
1.0043
1.0088
1.0178
1.0358
1.0539
1.0721
1.0905
1.1090
1.1277
1.1371
1.1862
1.2380
1.0039
1.0082
1.0168
1.0340
1.0515
1.0691
1.0870
1.1051
1.1234
1.1327
1.1810
1.2320
1.0011
1.0051
1.0132
1.0297
1.0464
1.0633
1.0806
1.0982
1.1161
1.1252
1.1727
1.2229
0.9961
1.0000
1.0079
1.0238
1.0400
1.0565
1.0734
1.0907
1.1082
1.1171
1.1640
1.2136
0.9870
.9908
.9985
1.0142
1.0301
1.0462
1.0627
1.0796
1.0968
1.1055
1.1515
1.2006
0.9755
.9793
.9869
1.0024
1.0181
1.0342
1.0506
1.0673
1.0844
1.0931
1.1385
1.1868
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 59.
%
d425
%
d412
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
0.9992
1.0013
1.0055
1.0136
1.0216
1.0294
1.0368
1.0439
1.0507
1.0540
1.0618
1.0691
1.0760
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
1.0051
1.0108
1.0223
1.0463
1.0715
1.0981
1.1263
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 70.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 62.
For data at 16 °C for 3(1)52
percent see Atack, Handbook of
Chemical Data, p. 33, Reinhold,
New York, 1957.
TABLE 2-37
°C
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 70.
Ammonia (NH3)*
% −15 °C −10 °C −5 °C
%
TABLE 2-40
Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
35
40
50
1.0061
1.0124
1.0248
1.0495
1.0740
1.0980
1.1215
1.1448
1.1677
1.2072
1.2350
1.2899
1.0041
1.0101
1.0220
1.0456
1.0691
1.0924
1.1154
1.1383
1.1609
1.2800
1.2277
1.2825
0.9980
1.0039
1.0155
1.0387
1.0619
1.0849
1.1077
1.1304
1.1529
1.1919
1.2196
1.2745
0.9777
.9836
.9953
1.0187
1.0421
1.0653
1.0883
1.1111
1.1338
1.1731
1.2011
1.2568
0.9644
.9705
.9826
1.0066
1.0303
1.0539
1.0772
1.1003
1.1232
1.1629
1.1910
1.2466
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 60.
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
50 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
1.0033
1.0067
1.0135
1.0266
1.0391
1.0510
1.0625
1.0736
1.0029
1.0062
1.0126
1.0251
1.0370
1.0485
1.0596
1.0705
1.0013
1.0045
1.0107
1.0227
1.0344
1.0457
1.0567
1.0674
0.9987
1.0018
1.0077
1.0195
1.0310
1.0422
1.0532
1.0641
0.9910
.9940
.9999
1.0116
1.0231
1.0343
1.0454
1.0564
0.9749
.9780
.9842
.9963
1.0081
1.0198
1.0312
1.0426
0.9617
.9651
.9718
.9849
.9975
1.0096
1.0213
1.0327
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 60.
TABLE 2-41
Arsenic Acid (H3AsO4)*
%
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
1
2
6
10
16
1.0057
1.0124
1.0398
1.0681
1.1128
20
30
40
50
60
70
1.1447
1.2331
1.3370
1.4602
1.6070
1.7811
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-42
Barium Chloride (BaCl2)*
TABLE 2-48
2-105
Chromic Acid (CrO3)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
%
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
1.0181
1.0368
1.0760
1.1178
1.1627
1.2105
1.0159
1.0341
1.0721
1.1128
1.1564
1.2031
1.2531
1.2793
1.0096
1.0275
1.0648
1.1047
1.1478
1.1938
1.2430
1.2688
1.0004
1.0181
1.0551
1.0948
1.1373
1.1828
1.2316
1.2571
0.9890
1.0066
1.0434
1.0827
1.1249
1.1702
1.2186
1.2440
0.9755
.9931
1.0299
1.0692
1.1113
1.1563
1.2045
1.2298
1
2
6
10
16
1.006
1.014
1.045
1.076
1.127
20
26
30
40
50
60
1.163
1.220
1.260
1.371
1.505
1.663
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 75.
TABLE 2-43
Cadmium Nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]*
TABLE 2-49
%
d 18
4
%
d 18
4
2
4
8
12
16
1.0154
1.0326
1.0683
1.1061
1.1468
20
25
30
40
50
1.1904
1.2488
1.3124
1.4590
1.6356
d 18
4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 66.
TABLE 2-44
% −5 °C
%
Violet
Green
Equilibrium mixture of
violet and green
1
2
4
8
12
14
1.0076
1.0166
1.0349
1.0724
1.1114
1.1316
1.0071
1.0157
1.0332
1.0691
1.1065
1.0075
1.0165
1.0347
1.0722
1.1111
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)*
0 °C
Chromium Chloride (CrCl3)*
20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 60 °C 80 °C 100 °C 120 °C† 140°C
2
1.0171 1.0148 1.0120 1.0084 0.9994 0.9881 0.9748 0.9596 0.9428
4
1.0346 1.0316 1.0286 1.0249 1.0158 1.0046 0.9915 0.9765 0.9601
8 1.0708 1.0703 1.0659 1.0626 1.0586 1.0492 1.0382 1.0257 1.0111 0.9954
12 1.1083 1.1072 1.1015 1.0978 1.0937 1.0840 1.0730 1.0610 1.0466 1.0317
16 1.1471 1.1454 1.1386 1.1345 1.1301 1.1202 1.1092 1.0973 1.0835 1.0691
20 1.1874 1.1853 1.1775 1.1730 1.1684 1.1581 1.1471 1.1352 1.1219 1.1080
25
1.2376 1.2284 1.2236 1.2186 1.2079 1.1965 1.1846
30
1.2922 1.2816 1.2764 1.2709 1.2597 1.2478 1.2359
35
1.3373 1.3316 1.3255 1.3137 1.3013 1.2893
40
1.3957 1.3895 1.3826 1.3700 1.3571 1.3450
TABLE 2-50
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 72–73.
†Corrected to atmospheric pressure.
TABLE 2-45 Calcium
Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]*
Copper Nitrate [Cu(NO3)2]*
%
d 20
4
%
d 20
4
1
2
4
8
1.007
1.015
1.032
1.069
12
16
20
25
1.107
1.147
1.189
1.248
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 67.
TABLE 2-46 Calcium
Hypochlorite* (CaOCl2)
TABLE 2-51
(CuSO4)*
Copper Sulfate
TABLE 2-52 Cuprous
Chloride (CuCl2)*
%
d 15
4
d 425
% total salt
d 15
4
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
0.05
.10
.15
0.99979
1.00044
1.00110
0.99773
.99838
.99904
2
4
6
8
10
12
1.0169
1.0345
1.0520
1.0697
1.0876
1.1060
1
4
8
12
16
18
1.0104
1.0429
1.0887
1.1379
1.0086
1.0401
1.084
1.1308
1.180
1.206
1.0024
1.0332
1.0764
1.1222
1
4
8
12
16
20
1.0095
1.0387
1.0788
1.1208
1.1653
1.2121
1.0072
1.036
1.0754
1.1165
1.1595
1.2052
1.002
1.0305
1.0682
1.107
1.151
1.1953
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 72.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 73.
CaOCl2 = 89.15%
CaCl2 = 7.31%
Ca(ClO3)2 = 0.26%
Ca(OH)2 = 2.92%
TABLE 2-47
Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]*
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 67.
TABLE 2-53
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 66.
Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)*
%
6 °C
18 °C
25 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
2*
4
8
12
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
68†
1.0157
1.0316
1.0641
1.0979
1.1330
1.1694
1.2168
1.0137
1.0291
1.0608
1.0937
1.1279
1.1636
1.2106
1.260
1.311
1.365
1.422
1.747
1.0120
1.0272
1.0585
1.0911
1.1250
1.1602
1.2065
1.0105
1.0256
1.0565
1.0887
1.1224
1.1575
1.2032
1.741
1.736
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1.0086
1.0174
1.0347
1.0703
1.1088
1.1475
1.1870
1.2400
1.2970
1.3605
1.4280
1.0084
1.0168
1.0341
1.0692
1.1071
1.1449
1.1847
1.2380
1.2950
1.3580
1.4235
1.4920
1.5610
1.0068
1.0152
1.0324
1.0669
1.1040
1.1418
1.1820
1.2340
1.2910
1.3530
1.4175
1.4850
1.5510
1.0040
1.0122
1.0292
1.0636
1.1006
1.1386
1.1786
1.2290
1.2850
1.3475
1.4115
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 73–74.
†Supercooled tetrahydrate (m.p. 41.4°C).
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
2-106
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-54 Ferric Sulfate
[Fe2(SO4)3]*
TABLE 2-55
[Fe(NO3)3]*
Ferric Nitrate
d4
17.5
%
d4
18
%
d4
0
d4
20
%
d4
18
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
30
40
50
60
1.0072
1.0157
1.0327
1.0670
1.1028
1.1409
1.1811
1.3073
1.4487
1.6127
1.7983
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
1.0065
1.0144
1.0304
1.0636
1.0989
1.1359
1.1748
1.2281
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
95
100
1.020
1.040
1.080
1.119
1.159
1.198
1.235
1.258
1.259
1.178
1.089
1.0005
1.017
1.035
1.070
1.101
1.130
1.155
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
1.0022
1.0058
1.0131
1.0204
1.0277
1.0351
1.0425
1.0499
1.0574
1.0649
1.0725
1.0802
1.0880
26
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
90
100
1.0959
1.1040
1.1122
1.1327
1.1536
1.1749
1.1966
1.2188
1.2416
1.2897
1.3406
1.3931
1.4465
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 68.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 54.
TABLE 2-56 Ferrous
Sulfate (FeSO4)*
0.2
0.4
0.8
1.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
TABLE 2-61 Hydrogen
Peroxide (H2O2)*
%
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 68.
%
TABLE 2-60 Hydrogen
Fluoride (HF)*
TABLE 2-57 Hydrogen
Bromide (HBr)*
TABLE 2-62
18
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 54.
Hydrofluosilic Acid (H2SiF6)*
15 °C
18 °C
20 °C
%
d4
4
d4
10
d4
%
d4
17.5
%
d4
1.0090
1.0380
1.0790
1.1235
1.1690
1.2150
1.00068
1.00275
1.00645
1.0085
1.0375
1.0785
1.1220
1.1675
1.2135
1.0002
1.0022
1.0062
1.0082
1.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
28.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
65.0
1.0073
1.0146
1.0295
1.0448
1.0604
1.0764
1.0928
1.1097
1.1272
1.1453
1.1640
1.1832
1.2030
1.2235
1.2446
1.2663
1.3877
1.5305
1.6950
1.7854
1.0068
1.0139
1.0285
1.0435
1.0589
1.0747
1.0910
1.1078
1.1251
1.1430
1.1615
1.1806
1.2003
1.2206
1.2415
1.2630
1.3838
1.5257
1.6892
1.7792
1.0041
1.0111
1.0255
1.0402
1.0552
1.0707
1.0867
1.1032
1.1202
1.1377
1.1557
1.1743
1.1935
1.2134
1.2340
1.2552
1.3736
1.5127
1.6731
1.7613
1
2
4
8
12
1.0080
1.0161
1.0324
1.0661
1.1011
16
20
25
30
34
1.1373
1.1748
1.2235
1.2742
1.3162
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 68.
TABLE 2-58 Hydrogen
Cyanide (HCN)*
15
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
82
90
100
0.998
0.996
0.993
0.984
0.971
0.956
0.752
0.724
0.691
25
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 55.
TABLE 2-59
*O. Söhnel and P. Novotny, Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Substances, Elsevier, 1985.
TABLE 2-63
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
2
4
8
12
16
20
25
30
1.0168
1.0338
1.0683
1.1035
1.1395
1.1764
1.2246
1.2754
1.0146
1.0311
1.0646
1.0989
1.1342
1.1706
1.2184
1.2688
1.0084
1.0248
1.0580
1.0921
1.1272
1.1635
1.2111
1.2614
0.9995
1.0159
1.0493
1.0836
1.1188
1.1552
1.2031
1.2535
0.9883
1.0050
1.0388
1.0735
1.1092
1.1460
1.1942
1.2451
0.9753
0.9923
1.0269
1.0622
1.0984
1.1359
1.1847
1.2360
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 71.
TABLE 2-64
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 61.
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
%
−5 °C
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
1.0048
1.0104
1.0213
1.0321
1.0428
1.0536
1.0645
1.0754
1.0864
1.0975
1.1087
1.1200
1.1314
1.1426
1.1537
1.1648
1.0052
1.0106
1.0213
1.0319
1.0423
1.0528
1.0634
1.0741
1.0849
1.0958
1.1067
1.1177
1.1287
1.1396
1.1505
1.1613
1.0048
1.0100
1.0202
1.0303
1.0403
1.0504
1.0607
1.0711
1.0815
1.0920
1.1025
1.1131
1.1238
1.1344
1.1449
1.1553
1.0032
1.0082
1.0181
1.0279
1.0376
1.0474
1.0574
1.0675
1.0776
1.0878
1.0980
1.1083
1.1187
1.1290
1.1392
1.1493
1.1593
1.1691
1.1789
1.1885
1.1980
0.9970
1.0019
1.0116
1.0211
1.0305
1.0400
1.0497
1.0594
1.0692
1.0790
1.0888
1.0986
1.1085
1.1183
1.1280
1.1376
0.9881
0.9930
1.0026
1.0121
1.0215
1.0310
1.0406
1.0502
1.0598
1.0694
1.0790
1.0886
1.0982
1.1076
1.1169
1.1260
0.9768
0.9819
0.9919
1.0016
1.0111
1.0206
1.0302
1.0398
1.0494
1.0590
1.0685
1.0780
1.0874
1.0967
1.1058
1.1149
0.9636
0.9688
0.9791
0.9892
0.9992
1.0090
1.0188
1.0286
1.0383
1.0479
1.0574
1.0668
1.0761
1.0853
1.0942
1.1030
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
17.5
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
2
4
8
12
16
20
26
1.0210
1.0423
1.0858
1.1309
1.1777
1.2264
1.3032
1.0186
1.0392
1.0816
1.1256
1.1717
1.2198
1.2961
1.0158
1.0362
1.0782
1.1220
1.1679
1.2159
1.2922
1.0123
1.0326
1.0743
1.1179
1.1637
1.2117
1.2879
1.0081
1.0283
1.0700
1.1135
1.1592
1.2072
1.2836
1.0032
1.0234
1.0650
1.1083
0.9916
1.0118
1.0534
1.0968
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 72.
TABLE 2-65
Nickel Chloride
(NiCl2)*
TABLE 2-66
Nickel Nitrate
[Ni(NO3)2]*
TABLE 2-67
Nickel Sulfate
(NiSO4 )*
%
d4
18
%
d4
20
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
30
1.0082
1.0179
1.0375
1.0785
1.1217
1.1674
1.2163
1.353
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
30
35
1.0065
1.0150
1.0325
1.0688
1.1070
1.1480
1.191
1.311
1.377
1
2
4
8
12
16
18
1.0091
1.0198
1.0415
1.0852
1.1325
1.1825
1.2090
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
18
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-68
2-107
Nitric Acid (HNO3)*
%
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1
2
3
4
1.0058
1.0117
1.0176
1.0236
1.00572
1.01149
1.01730
1.02315
1.00534
1.01099
1.01668
1.02240
1.00464
1.01018
1.01576
1.02137
1.00364
1.00909
1.01457
1.02008
1.00241
1.00778
1.01318
1.01861
1.0009
1.0061
1.0114
1.0168
0.9973
1.0025
1.0077
1.0129
0.9931
0.9982
1.0033
1.0084
0.9882
0.9932
0.9982
1.0033
0.9767
0.9816
0.9865
0.9915
0.9632
0.9681
0.9730
0.9779
5
6
7
8
9
1.0296
1.0357
1.0418
1.0480
1.0543
1.02904
1.03497
1.0410
1.0471
1.0532
1.02816
1.03397
1.0399
1.0458
1.0518
1.02702
1.03272
1.0385
1.0443
1.0502
1.02563
1.03122
1.0369
1.0427
1.0485
1.02408
1.02958
1.0352
1.0409
1.0466
1.0222
1.0277
1.0333
1.0389
1.0446
1.0182
1.0235
1.0289
1.0344
1.0399
1.0136
1.0188
1.0241
1.0295
1.0349
1.0084
1.0136
1.0188
1.0241
1.0294
0.9965
1.0015
1.0066
1.0117
1.0169
0.9829
0.9879
0.9929
0.9980
1.0032
10
11
12
13
14
1.0606
1.0669
1.0733
1.0797
1.0862
1.0594
1.0656
1.0718
1.0781
1.0845
1.0578
1.0639
1.0700
1.0762
1.0824
1.0561
1.0621
1.0681
1.0742
1.0803
1.0543
1.0602
1.0661
1.0721
1.0781
1.0523
1.0581
1.0640
1.0699
1.0758
1.0503
1.0560
1.0618
1.0676
1.0735
1.0455
1.0511
1.0567
1.0624
1.0681
1.0403
1.0458
1.0513
1.0568
1.0624
1.0347
1.0401
1.0455
1.0509
1.0564
1.0221
1.0273
1.0326
1.0379
1.0432
1.0083
1.0134
1.0186
1.0238
1.0289
15
16
17
18
19
1.0927
1.0992
1.1057
1.1123
1.1189
1.0909
1.0973
1.1038
1.1103
1.1168
1.0887
1.0950
1.1014
1.1078
1.1142
1.0865
1.0927
1.0989
1.1052
1.1115
1.0842
1.0903
1.0964
1.1026
1.1088
1.0818
1.0879
1.0940
1.1001
1.1062
1.0794
1.0854
1.0914
1.0974
1.1034
1.0739
1.0797
1.0855
1.0913
1.0972
1.0680
1.0737
1.0794
1.0851
1.0908
1.0619
1.0675
1.0731
1.0787
1.0843
1.0485
1.0538
1.0592
1.0646
1.0700
1.0341
1.0393
1.0444
1.0496
1.0547
20
21
22
23
24
1.1255
1.1322
1.1389
1.1457
1.1525
1.1234
1.1300
1.1366
1.1433
1.1501
1.1206
1.1271
1.1336
1.1402
1.1469
1.1178
1.1242
1.1306
1.1371
1.1437
1.1150
1.1213
1.1276
1.1340
1.1404
1.1123
1.1185
1.1247
1.1310
1.1374
1.1094
1.1155
1.1217
1.1280
1.1343
1.1031
1.1090
1.1150
1.1210
1.1271
1.0966
1.1024
1.1083
1.1142
1.1201
1.0899
1.0956
1.1013
1.1070
1.1127
1.0754
1.0808
1.0862
1.0917
1.0972
1.0598
1.0650
1.0701
1.0753
1.0805
25
26
27
28
29
1.1594
1.1663
1.1733
1.1803
1.1874
1.1569
1.1638
1.1707
1.1777
1.1847
1.1536
1.1603
1.1670
1.1738
1.1807
1.1503
1.1569
1.1635
1.1702
1.1770
1.1469
1.1534
1.1600
1.1666
1.1733
1.1438
1.1502
1.1566
1.1631
1.1697
1.1406
1.1469
1.1533
1.1597
1.1662
1.1332
1.1394
1.1456
1.1519
1.1582
1.1260
1.1320
1.1381
1.1442
1.1503
1.1185
1.1244
1.1303
1.1362
1.1422
1.1027
1.1083
1.1139
1.1195
1.1251
1.0857
1.0910
1.0963
1.1016
1.1069
30
31
32
33
34
1.1945
1.2016
1.2088
1.2160
1.2233
1.1917
1.1988
1.2059
1.2131
1.2203
1.1876
1.1945
1.2014
1.2084
1.2155
1.1838
1.1906
1.1974
1.2043
1.2113
1.1800
1.1867
1.1934
1.2002
1.2071
1.1763
1.1829
1.1896
1.1963
1.2030
1.1727
1.1792
1.1857
1.1922
1.1988
1.1645
1.1708
1.1772
1.1836
1.1901
1.1564
1.1625
1.1687
1.1749
1.1812
1.1482
1.1542
1.1602
1.1662
1.1723
1.1307
1.1363
1.1419
1.1476
1.1533
1.1122
1.1175
1.1228
1.1281
1.1335
35
36
37
38
39
1.2306
1.2375
1.2444
1.2513
1.2581
1.2275
1.2344
1.2412
1.2479
1.2546
1.2227
1.2294
1.2361
1.2428
1.2494
1.2183
1.2249
1.2315
1.2381
1.2446
1.2140
1.2205
1.2270
1.2335
1.2399
1.2098
1.2163
1.2227
1.2291
1.2354
1.2055
1.2119
1.2182
1.2245
1.2308
1.1966
1.2028
1.2089
1.2150
1.2210
1.1876
1.1936
1.1995
1.2054
1.2112
1.1784
1.1842
1.1899
1.1956
1.2013
1.1591
1.1645
1.1699
1.1752
1.1805
1.1390
1.1440
1.1490
1.1540
1.1589
40
41
42
43
44
1.2649
1.2717
1.2786
1.2854
1.2922
1.2613
1.2680
1.2747
1.2814
1.2880
1.2560
1.2626
1.2692
1.2758
1.2824
1.2511
1.2576
1.2641
1.2706
1.2771
1.2463
1.2527
1.2591
1.2655
1.2719
1.2417
1.2480
1.2543
1.2606
1.2669
1.2370
1.2432
1.2494
1.2556
1.2618
1.2270
1.2330
1.2390
1.2450
1.2510
1.2170
1.2229
1.2287
1.2345
1.2403
1.2069
1.2126
1.2182
1.2238
1.2294
1.1858
1.1911
1.1963
1.2015
1.2067
1.1638
1.1687
1.1735
1.1783
1.1831
45
46
47
48
49
1.2990
1.3058
1.3126
1.3194
1.3263
1.2947
1.3014
1.3080
1.3147
1.3214
1.2890
1.2955
1.3021
1.3087
1.3153
1.2836
1.2901
1.2966
1.3031
1.3096
1.2783
1.2847
1.2911
1.2975
1.3040
1.2732
1.2795
1.2858
1.2921
1.2984
1.2680
1.2742
1.2804
1.2867
1.2929
1.2570
1.2630
1.2690
1.2750
1.2811
1.2461
1.2519
1.2577
1.2635
1.2693
1.2350
1.2406
1.2462
1.2518
1.2575
1.2119
1.2171
1.2223
1.2275
1.2328
1.1879
1.1927
1.1976
1.2024
1.2073
50
51
52
53
54
1.3327
1.3391
1.3454
1.3517
1.3579
1.3277
1.3339
1.3401
1.3462
1.3523
1.3215
1.3277
1.3338
1.3399
1.3459
1.3157
1.3218
1.3278
1.3338
1.3397
1.3100
1.3160
1.3219
1.3278
1.3336
1.3043
1.3102
1.3160
1.3218
1.3275
1.2987
1.3045
1.3102
1.3159
1.3215
1.2867
1.2923
1.2978
1.3033
1.3087
1.2748
1.2802
1.2856
1.2909
1.2961
1.2628
1.2680
1.2731
1.2782
1.2833
1.2377
1.2425
1.2473
1.2521
1.2568
1.2118
1.2163
1.2208
1.2252
1.2296
55
56
57
58
59
1.3640
1.3700
1.3759
1.3818
1.3875
1.3583
1.3642
1.3700
1.3757
1.3813
1.3518
1.3576
1.3634
1.3691
1.3747
1.3455
1.3512
1.3569
1.3625
1.3680
1.3393
1.3449
1.3505
1.3560
1.3614
1.3331
1.3386
1.3441
1.3495
1.3548
1.3270
1.3324
1.3377
1.3430
1.3482
1.3141
1.3194
1.3246
1.3298
1.3348
1.3013
1.3064
1.3114
1.3164
1.3213
1.2883
1.2932
1.2981
1.3029
1.3077
1.2615
1.2661
1.2706
1.2751
1.2795
1.2339
1.2382
1.2424
1.2466
1.2507
60
61
62
63
64
1.3931
1.3986
1.4039
1.4091
1.3868
1.3922
1.3975
1.4027
1.4078
1.3801
1.3855
1.3907
1.3958
1.4007
1.3734
1.3787
1.3838
1.3888
1.3936
1.3667
1.3719
1.3769
1.3818
1.3866
1.3600
1.3651
1.3700
1.3748
1.3795
1.3533
1.3583
1.3632
1.3679
1.3725
1.3398
1.3447
1.3494
1.3540
1.3261
1.3308
1.3354
1.3398
1.3124
1.3169
1.3213
1.3255
1.2839
1.2881
1.2922
1.2962
1.2547
1.2587
1.2625
1.2661
2-108
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
Nitric Acid (HNO3) (Concluded)
TABLE 2-68
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
65
66
67
68
69
1.4128
1.4177
1.4224
1.4271
1.4317
1.4055
1.4103
1.4150
1.4196
1.4241
1.3984
1.4031
1.4077
1.4122
1.4166
1.3913
1.3959
1.4004
1.4048
1.4091
1.3841
1.3887
1.3932
1.3976
1.4019
1.3770
1.3814
1.3857
1.3900
1.3942
70
71
72
73
74
1.4362
1.4406
1.4449
1.4491
1.4532
1.4285
1.4328
1.4371
1.4413
1.4454
1.4210
1.4252
1.4294
1.4335
1.4376
1.4134
1.4176
1.4218
1.4258
1.4298
1.4061
1.4102
1.4142
1.4182
1.4221
1.3983
1.4023
1.4063
1.4103
1.4142
75
76
77
78
79
1.4573
1.4613
1.4652
1.4690
1.4727
1.4494
1.4533
1.4572
1.4610
1.4647
1.4415
1.4454
1.4492
1.4529
1.4565
1.4337
1.4375
1.4413
1.4450
1.4486
1.4259
1.4296
1.4333
1.4369
1.4404
1.4180
1.4217
1.4253
1.4288
1.4323
80
81
82
83
84
1.4764
1.4800
1.4835
1.4869
1.4903
1.4683
1.4718
1.4753
1.4787
1.4820
1.4601
1.4636
1.4670
1.4704
1.4737
1.4521
1.4555
1.4589
1.4622
1.4655
1.4439
1.4473
1.4507
1.4540
1.4572
1.4357
1.4391
1.4424
1.4456
1.4487
85
86
87
88
89
1.4936
1.4968
1.4999
1.5029
1.5058
1.4852
1.4883
1.4913
1.4942
1.4970
1.4769
1.4799
1.4829
1.4858
1.4885
1.4686
1.4716
1.4745
1.4773
1.4800
1.4603
1.4633
1.4662
1.4690
1.4716
1.4518
1.4548
1.4577
1.4605
1.4631
90
91
92
93
94
1.5085
1.5111
1.5136
1.5156
1.5177
1.4997
1.5023
1.5048
1.5068
1.5088
1.4911
1.4936
1.4960
1.4979
1.4999
1.4826
1.4850
1.4873
1.4892
1.4912
1.4741
1.4766
1.4789
1.4807
1.4826
1.4656
1.4681
1.4704
1.4722
1.4741
95
96
97
98
99
100
1.5198
1.5220
1.5244
1.5278
1.5327
1.5402
1.5109
1.5130
1.5152
1.5187
1.5235
1.5310
1.5019
1.5040
1.5062
1.5096
1.5144
1.5217
1.4932
1.4952
1.4974
1.5008
1.5056
1.5129
1.4846
1.4867
1.4889
1.4922
1.4969
1.5040
1.4761
1.4781
1.4802
1.4835
1.4881
1.4952
%
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
6%
8%
10%
1.0396
1.0534
1.0674
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 58–59.
TABLE 2-69
15
%
d4
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1.0050
1.0109
1.0228
1.0348
1.0471
1.0597
1.0726
1.0589
1.0995
1.1135
1.1279
1.1428
1.1581
1.1738
Perchloric Acid (HClO4)*
20
d4
TABLE 2-71
Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3)*
d4
25
d4
50
%
d4
15
d4
20
d4
50
°C
1%
2%
4%
1.0020
1.0070
1.0169
1.0270
1.0372
1.0475
0.9933
0.9986
0.9906
1.0205
1.0320
1.0440
1.0560
1.0680
1.0810
1.0940
1.1070
1.1205
1.1345
1.1490
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1.1900
1.2067
1.2239
1.2418
1.2603
1.2794
1.2991
1.3521
1.4103
1.4733
1.5389
1.6059
1.6736
1.1851
1.2013
1.2183
1.2359
1.2542
1.2732
1.2927
1.3450
1.4018
1.4636
1.5298
1.5986
1.6680
1.1645
1.1800
1.1960
1.2130
1.2310
1.2490
1.2680
1.3180
1.3730
1.4320
1.4950
1.5620
1.6290
0
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
1.0066
1.0064
1.0058
1.0049
1.0024
0.9990
0.9949
0.9901
0.9786
0.9653
1.0134
1.0132
1.0125
1.0117
1.0092
1.0058
1.0017
0.9969
0.9855
0.9722
1.0270
1.0268
1.0260
1.0252
1.0228
1.0195
1.0154
1.0106
0.9993
0.9860
1.1697
TABLE 2-72 Potassium
Bromide (KBr)*
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
TABLE 2-70
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)*
°C
2%
6%
14%
20%
0
10
20
30
40
1.0113
1.0109
1.0092
1.0065
1.0029
1.0339
1.0330
1.0309
1.0279
1.0241
1.0811
1.0792
1.0764
1.0728
1.0685
1.1192
1.1167 1.1567 1.221 1.341
1.1134 1.1529 1.216 1.335 1.579
1.1094 1.1484 1.211 1.329 1.572
1.1048
26%
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90.
35%
50%
75%
100%
1.870
1.862
%
d 20
4
1
2
6
12
20
30
40
1.0054
1.0127
1.0426
1.0903
1.1601
1.2593
1.3746
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 87.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-73
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3)*
TABLE 2-79
2-109
Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
50
1.0094
1.0189
1.0381
1.0768
1.1160
1.1562
1.1977
1.2405
1.2846
1.3071
1.3646
1.4244
1.4867
1.5517
1.0089
1.0182
1.0369
1.0746
1.1131
1.1530
1.1941
1.2366
1.2804
1.3028
1.3600
1.4195
1.4815
1.5462
1.0072
1.0163
1.0345
1.0715
1.1096
1.1490
1.1898
1.2320
1.2756
1.2979
1.3548
1.4141
1.4759
1.5404
1.0010
1.0098
1.0276
1.0640
1.1013
1.1399
1.1801
1.2219
1.2652
1.2873
1.3440
1.4029
1.4644
1.5285
0.9919
1.0005
1.0180
1.0538
1.0906
1.1290
1.1690
1.2106
1.2538
1.2759
1.3324
1.3913
1.4528
1.5169
0.9803
0.9889
1.0063
1.0418
1.0786
1.1170
1.1570
1.1986
1.2418
1.2640
1.3206
1.3795
1.4408
1.5048
0.9670
0.9756
0.9951
1.0291
1.0663
1.1049
1.1451
1.1869
1.2301
1.2522
1.3089
1.3678
1.4290
1.4928
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
1.00654
1.01326
1.02677
1.05419
1.08221
1.00615
1.01262
1.02566
1.05226
1.07963
1.00447
1.01075
1.02344
1.04940
1.07620
1.10392
1.13261
1.16233
0.99825
1.00430
1.01652
1.04152
1.06740
1.09432
1.12240
1.15175
0.9890
0.9949
1.0068
1.0313
1.0567
1.0831
1.1106
1.1391
0.9776
0.9834
0.9951
1.0192
1.0442
1.0703
1.0974
1.1256
0.9641
0.9699
0.9816
1.0056
1.0304
1.0562
1.0831
1.1110
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90.
TABLE 2-74 Potassium
Chromate (K2CrO4)*
TABLE 2-75
(KClO3)*
Potassium Chlorate
%
d4
15
d4
18
°C
1%
2%
3%
4%
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
1.0073
1.0155
1.0321
1.0659
1.1009
1.0066
1.0147
1.0311
1.0647
1.0999
1.1366
1.1748
1.2147
1.2566
1.2784
0
10
20
30
40
60
80
100
1.0061
1.0059
1.0045
1.0020
0.9986
0.9895
0.9781
0.9646
1.0124
1.0122
1.0109
1.0085
1.0051
0.9959
0.9845
0.9709
1.0189
1.0187
1.0174
1.0151
1.0116
1.0024
0.9910
0.9774
1.0256
1.0254
1.0241
1.0218
1.0183
1.0091
0.9977
0.9840
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
p. 86.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 92.
TABLE 2-76
Potassium Chloride (KCl)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
24.0
28.0
1.00661
1.01335
1.02690
1.05431
1.08222
1.11068
1.13973
1.00462
1.01103
1.02391
1.05003
1.07679
1.10434
1.13280
1.16226
1.00342
1.00977
1.02255
1.04847
1.07506
1.10245
1.13072
1.15995
0.99847
1.00471
1.01727
1.04278
1.06897
1.09600
1.12399
1.15299
1.18304
0.9894
0.9956
1.0080
1.0333
1.0592
1.0861
1.1138
1.1425
1.1723
0.9780
0.9842
0.9966
1.0219
1.0478
1.0746
1.1024
1.1311
1.1609
0.9646
0.9708
0.9634
1.0888
1.0350
1.0619
1.0897
1.1185
1.1483
%
110 °C
120 °C
130 °C
140°C
3.79
7.45
13.62
0.9733
0.9978
1.0388
0.9663
0.9899
1.0313
0.9583
0.9827
1.0238
0.9502
0.9745
1.0159
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 87.
TABLE 2-77 Potassium
Chrome Alum [K2Cr2(SO4)4]*
TABLE 2-80 Potassium
Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)*
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
1
2
6
10
14
20
30
40
50
1.007
1.016
1.052
1.089
1.129
1.193
1.315
1.456
1.615
1.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
51.7
1.0083
1.0175
1.0359
1.0544
1.0730
1.0918
1.1396
1.1884
1.2387
1.2905
1.3440
1.3991
1.4558
1.5143
1.5355 (sat’d. soln.)
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 86.
TABLE 2-81
(K2SO4)*
Potassium Sulfate
%
d4
20
%
d4
1
2
4
6
8
10
1.0052
1.0122
1.0264
1.0408
1.0554
1.0703
1
2
4
6
8
10
1.0063
1.0145
1.0310
1.0477
1.0646
1.0817
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 92.
TABLE 2-82 Potassium
Sulfite (K2SO3)*
20
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 88.
TABLE 2-83 Sodium Acetate
(NaC2H3O2)*
%
d4
15
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
1.0073
1.0155
1.0322
1.0667
1.1026
1.1402
1.1793
1.2197
1.2404
1
2
4
8
12
18
20
26
28
1.0033
1.0084
1.0186
1.0392
1.0598
1.0807
1.1021
1.1351
1.1462
20
*International Critical Tables,
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3,
vol. 3, p. 87.
p. 83.
TABLE 2-84 Sodium
Arsenate (Na3AsO4)*
TABLE 2-85 Sodium Bichromate
(Na2Cr2O7)*
%
d4
17
%
d4
1
2
4
8
10
12
1.0097
1.0207
1.0431
1.0892
1.1130
1.1373
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
50
1.006
1.013
1.027
1.056
1.084
1.112
1.140
1.166
1.193
1.207
1.244
1.279
1.312
1.342
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 82.
TABLE 2-78 Potassium
Hydroxide (KOH)*
%
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 92.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 89.
15
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 86.
TABLE 2-86 Sodium
Bromide (NaBr)*
TABLE 2-87 Sodium Formate
(HCOONa)*
%
d4
20
%
d4
1
2
4
8
10
12
20
30
40
1.0060
1.0139
1.0298
1.0631
1.0803
1.0981
1.1745
1.2841
1.4138
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
1.003
1.009
1.022
1.048
1.074
1.100
1.127
1.155
1.184
1.199
1.236
1.274
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 80.
25
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 83.
2-110
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-88
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)*
TABLE 2-92
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
8
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
30
1.0109
1.0219
1.0439
1.0878
1.1319
1.1543
1.0103
1.0210
1.0423
1.0850
1.1284
1.1506
1.0086
1.0190
1.0398
1.0816
1.1244
1.1463
1.0058
1.0159
1.0363
1.0775
1.1200
1.1417
1.1636
1.1859
1.2086
1.2552
1.3031
1.3274
1.0022
1.0122
1.0323
1.0732
1.1150
1.1365
0.9929
1.0027
1.0223
1.0625
1.1039
1.1251
0.9814
0.9910
1.0105
1.0503
1.0914
1.1125
0.9683
0.9782
0.9980
1.0380
1.0787
1.0996
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
50
1.0124
1.0244
1.0482
1.0943
1.1399
1.1849
1.2296
1.2741
1.3182
1.3614
1.4030
1.4435
1.4825
1.5210
1.5400
1.01065
1.02198
1.04441
1.08887
1.13327
1.17761
1.22183
1.26582
1.3094
1.3520
1.3933
1.4334
1.4720
1.5102
1.5290
1.0095
1.0207
1.0428
1.0869
1.1309
1.1751
1.2191
1.2629
1.3064
1.3490
1.3900
1.4300
1.4685
1.5065
1.5253
1.0033
1.0139
1.0352
1.0780
1.1210
1.1645
1.2079
1.2512
1.2942
1.3362
1.3768
1.4164
1.4545
1.4922
1.5109
0.9941
1.0045
1.0254
1.0676
1.1101
1.1531
1.1960
1.2388
1.2814
1.3232
1.3634
1.4027
1.4405
1.4781
1.4967
0.9824
0.9929
1.0139
1.0560
1.0983
1.1408
1.1833
1.2259
1.2682
1.3097
1.3498
1.3889
1.4266
1.4641
1.4827
0.9693
0.9797
1.0009
1.0432
1.0855
1.1277
1.1700
1.2124
1.2546
1.2960
1.3360
1.3750
1.4127
1.4503
1.4690
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 82–83.
TABLE 2-89
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79.
Sodium Chlorate (NaClO3)*
%
d4
18
%
d4
18
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.0053
1.0121
1.0258
1.0397
1.0538
1.0681
1.0827
1.0977
1.1131
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
1.1288
1.1449
1.1614
1.1782
1.1953
1.2128
1.2307
1.2491
1.2680
TABLE 2-93
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 80.
TABLE 2-90
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
1.00747
1.01509
1.03038
1.06121
1.09244
1.12419
1.15663
1.18999
1.20709
1.00707
1.01442
1.02920
1.05907
1.08946
1.12056
1.15254
1.18557
1.20254
1.00409
1.01112
1.02530
1.05412
1.08365
1.11401
1.14533
1.17776
1.19443
0.99908
1.00593
1.01977
1.04798
1.07699
1.10688
1.13774
1.16971
1.18614
0.9900
0.9967
1.0103
1.0381
1.0667
1.0962
1.1268
1.1584
1.1747
0.9785
0.9852
0.9988
1.0264
1.0549
1.0842
1.1146
1.1463
1.1626
0.9651
0.9719
0.9855
1.0134
1.0420
1.0713
1.1017
1.1331
1.1492
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
1.0071
1.0144
1.0290
1.0587
1.0891
1.1203
1.1526
1.1860
1.2204
1.2380
1.2834
1.3316
1.0049
1.0117
1.0254
1.0532
1.0819
1.1118
1.1429
1.1752
1.2085
1.2256
1.2701
1.3175
1.3683
0.9986
1.0050
1.0180
1.0447
1.0724
1.1013
1.1314
1.1629
1.1955
1.2122
1.2560
1.3027
1.3528
0.9894
0.9956
1.0082
1.0340
1.0609
1.0892
1.1187
1.1496
1.1816
1.1980
1.2413
1.2875
1.3371
0.9779
0.9840
0.9964
1.0218
1.0481
1.0757
1.1048
1.1351
1.1667
1.1830
1.2258
1.2715
1.3206
0.9644
0.9704
0.9826
1.0078
1.0340
1.0614
1.0901
1.1200
1.1513
1.1674
1.2100
1.2555
1.3044
40
45
50
1.445
1.450
1.520
1.594
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 82.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79.
TABLE 2-91 Sodium
Chromate (Na2CrO4)*
TABLE 2-94 Sodium
Nitrite (NaNO2)*
18
%
d4
%
d4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
1.0074
1.0164
1.0344
1.0718
1.1110
1.1518
1.1942
1.2383
1.2611
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
1.0058
1.0125
1.0260
1.0535
1.0816
1.1103
1.1394
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 82.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 86.
TABLE 2-95
15
Sodium Silicates*
Concentration, %
1
2
4
8
10
14
Na2O/3.9SiO2
Na2O/3.36SiO2
Na2O/2.40SiO2
Na2O/2.44SiO2
Na2O/2.06SiO2
Na2O/1.69SiO2
20
24
30
36
20
Formula
d4
1.006
1.006
1.007
1.014
1.014
1.016
1.030
1.030
1.034
1.063
1.065
1.071
1.080
1.083
1.090
1.116
1.120
1.130
1.172
1.179
1.211
1.222
1.275
1.290
1.365
1.007
1.007
1.016
1.017
1.035
1.036
1.073
1.077
1.093
1.098
1.134
1.141
1.200
1.210
1.247
1.259
1.309
1.321
1.337
1.387
1.397
1.424
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 85.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-96
Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
1.0094
1.0189
1.0381
1.0773
1.1174
1.1585
1.2008
1.2443
1.0073
1.0164
1.0348
1.0724
1.1109
1.1586
1.1915
1.2336
1.0046
1.0135
1.0315
1.0682
1.1062
1.1456
1.1865
1.2292
1.0010
1.0098
1.0276
1.0639
1.1015
1.1406
1.1813
1.2237
0.9919
1.0007
1.0184
1.0544
1.0915
1.1299
1.1696
0.9805
0.9892
1.0068
1.0426
1.0795
1.1176
1.1569
0.9671
0.9758
0.9934
1.0292
1.0661
1.1042
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 81.
TABLE 2-97 Sodium
Sulfide (Na2S)*
TABLE 2-98 Sodium
Sulfite (Na2SO3)*
TABLE 2-99 Sodium
Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)*
%
d 18
4
%
d 19
4
%
d 20
4
1
2
4
8
12
16
18
1.0098
1.0211
1.0440
1.0907
1.1388
1.1885
1.2140
1
2
4
8
12
16
18
1.0078
1.0172
1.0363
1.0751
1.1146
1.1549
1.1755
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
1.0065
1.0148
1.0315
1.0654
1.1003
1.1365
1.1740
1.2128
1.2532
1.2739
1.3273
1.3827
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 81.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 81.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 81.
TABLE 2-100
Sodium Thiosulfate
Pentahydrate
(Na2S2O3⋅5H2O)
%
d 19
4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
40
50
1.0052
1.0105
1.0211
1.0423
1.0639
1.0863
1.1087
1.1322
1.1558
1.1676
1.2297
1.2954
TABLE 2-101 Stannic
Chloride (SnCl4)*
TABLE 2-102 Stannous
Chloride (SnCl2)*
%
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1.007
1.015
1.031
1.064
1.099
1.135
1.173
1.212
1.255
1.278
1.337
1.403
1.475
1.555
1.644
1.742
1.851
1.971
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1.0068
1.0146
1.0306
1.0638
1.0986
1.1353
1.1743
1.2159
1.2603
1.2837
1.3461
1.4145
1.4897
1.5729
1.6656
1.7695
1.8865
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 63.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 63.
2-111
2-112
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-103
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1
2
3
4
1.0074
1.0147
1.0219
1.0291
1.0068
1.0138
1.0206
1.0275
1.0060
1.0129
1.0197
1.0264
1.0051
1.0118
1.0184
1.0250
1.0038
1.0104
1.0169
1.0234
1.0022
1.0087
1.0152
1.0216
0.9986
1.0050
1.0113
1.0176
0.9944
1.0006
1.0067
1.0129
0.9895
0.9956
1.0017
1.0078
0.9779
0.9839
0.9900
0.9961
0.9645
0.9705
0.9766
0.9827
5
6
7
8
9
1.0364
1.0437
1.0511
1.0585
1.0660
1.0344
1.0414
1.0485
1.0556
1.0628
1.0332
1.0400
1.0469
1.0539
1.0610
1.0317
1.0385
1.0453
1.0522
1.0591
1.0300
1.0367
1.0434
1.0502
1.0571
1.0281
1.0347
1.0414
1.0481
1.0549
1.0240
1.0305
1.0371
1.0437
1.0503
1.0192
1.0256
1.0321
1.0386
1.0451
1.0140
1.0203
1.0266
1.0330
1.0395
1.0022
1.0084
1.0146
1.0209
1.0273
0.9888
0.9950
1.0013
1.0076
1.0140
10
11
12
13
14
1.0735
1.0810
1.0886
1.0962
1.1039
1.0700
1.0773
1.0846
1.0920
1.0994
1.0681
1.0753
1.0825
1.0898
1.0971
1.0661
1.0731
1.0802
1.0874
1.0947
1.0640
1.0710
1.0780
1.0851
1.0922
1.0617
1.0686
1.0756
1.0826
1.0897
1.0570
1.0637
1.0705
1.0774
1.0844
1.0517
1.0584
1.0651
1.0719
1.0788
1.0460
1.0526
1.0593
1.0661
1.0729
1.0338
1.0403
1.0469
1.0536
1.0603
1.0204
1.0269
1.0335
1.0402
1.0469
15
16
17
18
19
1.1116
1.1194
1.1272
1.1351
1.1430
1.1069
1.1145
1.1221
1.1298
1.1375
1.1045
1.1120
1.1195
1.1271
1.1347
1.1020
1.1094
1.1168
1.1243
1.1318
1.0994
1.1067
1.1141
1.1215
1.1290
1.0968
1.1040
1.1113
1.1187
1.1261
1.0914
1.0985
1.1057
1.1129
1.1202
1.0857
1.0927
1.0998
1.1070
1.1142
1.0798
1.0868
1.0938
1.1009
1.1081
1.0671
1.0740
1.0809
1.0879
1.0950
1.0537
1.0605
1.0674
1.0744
1.0814
20
21
22
23
24
1.1510
1.1590
1.1670
1.1751
1.1832
1.1453
1.1531
1.1609
1.1688
1.1768
1.1424
1.1501
1.1579
1.1657
1.1736
1.1394
1.1471
1.1548
1.1626
1.1704
1.1365
1.1441
1.1517
1.1594
1.1672
1.1335
1.1410
1.1486
1.1563
1.1640
1.1275
1.1349
1.1424
1.1500
1.1576
1.1215
1.1288
1.1362
1.1437
1.1512
1.1153
1.1226
1.1299
1.1373
1.1448
1.1021
1.1093
1.1166
1.1239
1.1313
1.0885
1.0957
1.1029
1.1102
1.1176
25
26
27
28
29
1.1914
1.1996
1.2078
1.2160
1.2243
1.1848
1.1929
1.2010
1.2091
1.2173
1.1816
1.1896
1.1976
1.2057
1.2138
1.1783
1.1862
1.1942
1.2023
1.2104
1.1750
1.1829
1.1909
1.1989
1.2069
1.1718
1.1796
1.1875
1.1955
1.2035
1.1653
1.1730
1.1808
1.1887
1.1966
1.1588
1.1665
1.1742
1.1820
1.1898
1.1523
1.1599
1.1676
1.1753
1.1831
1.1388
1.1463
1.1539
1.1616
1.1693
1.1250
1.1325
1.1400
1.1476
1.1553
30
31
32
33
34
1.2326
1.2409
1.2493
1.2577
1.2661
1.2255
1.2338
1.2421
1.2504
1.2588
1.2220
1.2302
1.2385
1.2468
1.2552
1.2185
1.2267
1.2349
1.2432
1.2515
1.2150
1.2232
1.2314
1.2396
1.2479
1.2115
1.2196
1.2278
1.2360
1.2443
1.2046
1.2126
1.2207
1.2289
1.2371
1.1977
1.2057
1.2137
1.2218
1.2300
1.1909
1.1988
1.2068
1.2148
1.2229
1.1771
1.1849
1.1928
1.2008
1.2088
1.1630
1.1708
1.1787
1.1866
1.1946
35
36
37
38
39
1.2746
1.2831
1.2917
1.3004
1.3091
1.2672
1.2757
1.2843
1.2929
1.3016
1.2636
1.2720
1.2805
1.2891
1.2978
1.2599
1.2684
1.2769
1.2855
1.2941
1.2563
1.2647
1.2732
1.2818
1.2904
1.2526
1.2610
1.2695
1.2780
1.2866
1.2454
1.2538
1.2622
1.2707
1.2793
1.2383
1.2466
1.2550
1.2635
1.2720
1.2311
1.2394
1.2477
1.2561
1.2646
1.2169
1.2251
1.2334
1.2418
1.2503
1.2027
1.2109
1.2192
1.2276
1.2361
40
41
42
43
44
1.3179
1.3268
1.3357
1.3447
1.3538
1.3103
1.3191
1.3280
1.3370
1.3461
1.3065
1.3153
1.3242
1.3332
1.3423
1.3028
1.3116
1.3205
1.3294
1.3384
1.2991
1.3079
1.3167
1.3256
1.3346
1.2953
1.3041
1.3129
1.3218
1.3308
1.2880
1.2967
1.3055
1.3144
1.3234
1.2806
1.2893
1.2981
1.3070
1.3160
1.2732
1.2819
1.2907
1.2996
1.3086
1.2589
1.2675
1.2762
1.2850
1.2939
1.2446
1.2532
1.2619
1.2707
1.2796
45
46
47
48
49
1.3630
1.3724
1.3819
1.3915
1.4012
1.3553
1.3646
1.3740
1.3835
1.3931
1.3515
1.3608
1.3702
1.3797
1.3893
1.3476
1.3569
1.3663
1.3758
1.3854
1.3437
1.3530
1.3624
1.3719
1.3814
1.3399
1.3492
1.3586
1.3680
1.3775
1.3325
1.3417
1.3510
1.3604
1.3699
1.3251
1.3343
1.3435
1.3528
1.3623
1.3177
1.3269
1.3362
1.3455
1.3549
1.3029
1.3120
1.3212
1.3305
1.3399
1.2886
1.2976
1.3067
1.3159
1.3253
50
51
52
53
54
1.4110
1.4209
1.4310
1.4412
1.4515
1.4029
1.4128
1.4228
1.4329
1.4431
1.3990
1.4088
1.4188
1.4289
1.4391
1.3951
1.4049
1.4148
1.4248
1.4350
1.3911
1.4009
1.4109
1.4209
1.4310
1.3872
1.3970
1.4069
1.4169
1.4270
1.3795
1.3893
1.3991
1.4091
1.4191
1.3719
1.3816
1.3914
1.4013
1.4113
1.3644
1.3740
1.3837
1.3936
1.4036
1.3494
1.3590
1.3687
1.3785
1.3884
1.3348
1.3444
1.3540
1.3637
1.3735
55
56
57
58
59
1.4619
1.4724
1.4830
1.4937
1.5045
1.4535
1.4640
1.4746
1.4852
1.4959
1.4494
1.4598
1.4703
1.4809
1.4916
1.4453
1.4557
1.4662
1.4768
1.4875
1.4412
1.4516
1.4621
1.4726
1.4832
1.4372
1.4475
1.4580
1.4685
1.4791
1.4293
1.4396
1.4500
1.4604
1.4709
1.4214
1.4317
1.4420
1.4524
1.4629
1.4137
1.4239
1.4342
1.4446
1.4551
1.3984
1.4085
1.4187
1.4290
1.4393
1.3834
1.3934
1.4035
1.4137
1.4240
60
61
62
63
64
1.5154
1.5264
1.5375
1.5487
1.5600
1.5067
1.5177
1.5287
1.5398
1.5510
1.5024
1.5133
1.5243
1.5354
1.5465
1.4983
1.5091
1.5200
1.5310
1.5421
1.4940
1.5048
1.5157
1.5267
1.5378
1.4898
1.5006
1.5115
1.5225
1.5335
1.4816
1.4923
1.5031
1.5140
1.5250
1.4735
1.4842
1.4950
1.5058
1.5167
1.4656
1.4762
1.4869
1.4977
1.5086
1.4497
1.4602
1.4708
1.4815
1.4923
1.4344
1.4449
1.4554
1.4660
1.4766
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM
TABLE 2-103
2-113
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) (Concluded)
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
65
66
67
68
69
1.5714
1.5828
1.5943
1.6059
1.6176
1.5623
1.5736
1.5850
1.5965
1.6081
1.5578
1.5691
1.5805
1.5920
1.6035
1.5533
1.5646
1.5760
1.5874
1.5989
1.5490
1.5602
1.5715
1.5829
1.5944
1.5446
1.5558
1.5671
1.5785
1.5899
1.5361
1.5472
1.5584
1.5697
1.5811
1.5277
1.5388
1.5499
1.5611
1.5724
1.5195
1.5305
1.5416
1.5528
1.5640
1.5031
1.5140
1.5249
1.5359
1.5470
1.4873
1.4981
1.5089
1.5198
1.5307
70
71
72
73
74
1.6293
1.6411
1.6529
1.6648
1.6768
1.6198
1.6315
1.6433
1.6551
1.6670
1.6151
1.6268
1.6385
1.6503
1.6622
1.6105
1.6221
1.6338
1.6456
1.6574
1.6059
1.6175
1.6292
1.6409
1.6526
1.6014
1.6130
1.6246
1.6363
1.6480
1.5925
1.6040
1.6155
1.6271
1.6387
1.5838
1.5952
1.6067
1.6182
1.6297
1.5753
1.5867
1.5981
1.6095
1.6209
1.5582
1.5694
1.5806
1.5919
1.6031
1.5417
1.5527
1.5637
1.5747
1.5857
75
76
77
78
79
1.6888
1.7008
1.7128
1.7247
1.7365
1.6789
1.6908
1.7026
1.7144
1.7261
1.6740
1.6858
1.6976
1.7093
1.7209
1.6692
1.6810
1.6927
1.7043
1.7158
1.6644
1.6761
1.6878
1.6994
1.7108
1.6597
1.6713
1.6829
1.6944
1.7058
1.6503
1.6619
1.6734
1.6847
1.6959
1.6412
1.6526
1.6640
1.6751
1.6862
1.6322
1.6435
1.6547
1.6657
1.6766
1.6142
1.6252
1.6361
1.6469
1.6575
1.5966
1.6074
1.6181
1.6286
1.6390
80
81
82
83
84
1.7482
1.7597
1.7709
1.7815
1.7916
1.7376
1.7489
1.7599
1.7704
1.7804
1.7323
1.7435
1.7544
1.7649
1.7748
1.7272
1.7383
1.7491
1.7594
1.7693
1.7221
1.7331
1.7437
1.7540
1.7639
1.7170
1.7279
1.7385
1.7487
1.7585
1.7069
1.7177
1.7281
1.7382
1.7479
1.6971
1.7077
1.7180
1.7279
1.7375
1.6873
1.6978
1.7080
1.7179
1.7274
1.6680
1.6782
1.6882
1.6979
1.7072
1.6493
1.6594
1.6692
1.6787
1.6878
85
86
87
88
89
1.8009
1.8095
1.8173
1.8243
1.8306
1.7897
1.7983
1.8061
1.8132
1.8195
1.7841
1.7927
1.8006
1.8077
1.8141
1.7786
1.7872
1.7951
1.8022
1.8087
1.7732
1.7818
1.7897
1.7968
1.8033
1.7678
1.7763
1.7842
1.7914
1.7979
1.7571
1.7657
1.7736
1.7809
1.7874
1.7466
1.7552
1.7632
1.7705
1.7770
1.7364
1.7449
1.7529
1.7602
1.7669
1.7161
1.7245
1.7324
1.7397
1.7464
1.6966
1.7050
1.7129
1.7202
1.7269
90
91
92
93
94
1.8361
1.8410
1.8453
1.8490
1.8520
1.8252
1.8302
1.8346
1.8384
1.8415
1.8198
1.8248
1.8293
1.8331
1.8363
1.8144
1.8195
1.8240
1.8279
1.8312
1.8091
1.8142
1.8188
1.8227
1.8260
1.8038
1.8090
1.8136
1.8176
1.8210
1.7933
1.7986
1.8033
1.8074
1.8109
1.7829
1.7883
1.7932
1.7974
1.8011
1.7729
1.7783
1.7832
1.7876
1.7914
1.7525
1.7581
1.7633
1.7681
1.7331
1.7388
1.7439
1.7485
95
96
97
98
99
100
1.8544
1.8560
1.8569
1.8567
1.8551
1.8517
1.8439
1.8457
1.8466
1.8463
1.8445
1.8409
1.8388
1.8406
1.8414
1.8411
1.8393
1.8357
1.8337
1.8355
1.8364
1.8361
1.8342
1.8305
1.8286
1.8305
1.8314
1.8310
1.8292
1.8255
1.8236
1.8255
1.8264
1.8261
1.8242
1.8205
1.8137
1.8157
1.8166
1.8163
1.8145
1.8107
1.8040
1.8060
1.8071
1.8068
1.8050
1.8013
1.7944
1.7965
1.7977
1.7976
1.7958
1.7922
%
d 5.96
4
%
d 13.00
4
d 18.00
4
0.005
.01
.02
.03
.04
1.000 0140
1.000 0576
1.000 1434
1.000 2276
1.000 3104
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.999 810
1.000 185
1.000 912
1.001 623
1.002 326
0.999 028
0.999 400
1.000 119
1.000 820
1.001 512
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
1.000 3920
1.000 4726
1.000 5523
1.000 6313
1.000 7098
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.003 023
1.003 716
1.005 090
1.006 452
1.007 807
1.002 197
1.002 877
1.004 227
1.005 570
1.006 909
.10
.15
.20
.25
.30
1.000 7880
1.001 1732
1.001 5514
1.001 9254
1.002 2961
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.009 159
1.010 510
1.011 860
1.013 209
1.014 557
1.008 247
1.009 583
1.010 918
1.012 252
1.013 586
.35
.40
.45
.50
1.002 6639
1.003 0292
1.003 3923
1.003 7534
2.4
1.015 904
1.014 919
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 56–57.
2-114
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-104
Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
2
4
8
12
16
1.0188
1.0381
1.0777
1.1186
1.1609
1.0167
1.0354
1.0738
1.1135
1.1544
1.0102
1.0285
1.0660
1.1046
1.1445
1.0008
1.0187
1.0554
1.0932
1.1320
0.9890
1.0065
1.0422
1.0789
1.1169
0.9751
0.9921
1.0270
1.0629
1.1000
20
30
40
50
60
65
1.2043
1.3288
1.477
1.661
1.891
2.026
1.1965
1.3170
1.462
1.643
1.869
2.002
1.1855
1.3030
1.445
1.623
1.845
1.976
1.1720
1.2868
1.427
1.602
1.822
1.951
1.1560
1.2688
1.406
1.579
1.797
1.924
1.1382
1.2489
1.385
1.555
1.771
1.898
TABLE 2-106
[Zn(NO3)2]*
Zinc Nitrate
TABLE 2-107
(ZnSO4)*
Zinc Sulfate
%
18 °C
%
18 °C
%
20 °C
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.0154
1.0322
1.0496
1.0675
1.0859
1.1048
1.1244
1.1445
18
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1.1652
1.1865
1.2427
1.3029
1.3678
1.4378
1.5134
1.5944
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.019
1.0403
1.0620
1.0842
1.1071
1.1308
1.1553
1.1806
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 65.
*International Critical Tables,
vol. 3, p. 65.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 64.
TABLE 2-105
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
2
4
8
12
16
1.0192
1.0384
1.0769
1.1159
1.1558
1.0167
1.0350
1.0715
1.1085
1.1468
1.0099
1.0274
1.0624
1.0980
1.1350
1.0003
1.0172
1.0508
1.0853
1.1212
0.9882
1.0044
1.0369
1.0704
1.1055
0.9739
0.9894
1.0211
1.0541
1.0888
20
30
40
50
60
70
1.1970
1.3062
1.4329
1.5860
1.1866
1.2928
1.4173
1.5681
1.749
1.962
1.1736
1.2778
1.4003
1.5495
1.1590
1.2614
1.3824
1.5300
1.1428
1.2438
1.3637
1.5097
1.1255
1.2252
1.3441
1.4892
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 64.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS*
From International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 115–129 unless
otherwise stated. All compositions are in weight percent in vacuo. All
density values are d4t = g /mL in vacuo.
UNITS AND UNITS CONVERSIONS
Unless otherwise noted, densities are given in grams per cubic centimeter. To convert to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43.
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32
TABLE 2-108
*For gasoline and aircraft fuels see Hibbard, NACA Res. Mem. E56I21
(declassified 1958).
Formic Acid (HCOOH)
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
1.0028
1.0059
1.0090
1.0120
0.9991
1.0019
1.0045
1.0072
1.0100
0.9982
1.0019
1.0044
1.0070
1.0093
0.9957
0.9980
1.0004
1.0028
1.0053
25
26
27
28
29
1.0706
1.0733
1.0760
1.0787
1.0813
1.0627
1.0652
1.0678
1.0702
1.0726
1.0609
1.0633
1.0656
1.0681
1.0705
1.0540
1.0564
1.0587
1.0609
1.0632
50
51
52
53
54
1.1349
1.1374
1.1399
1.1424
1.1448
1.1225
1.1248
1.1271
1.1294
1.1318
1.1207
1.1223
1.1244
1.1269
1.1295
1.1098
1.1120
1.1142
1.1164
1.1186
75
76
77
78
79
1.1953
1.1976
1.1999
1.2021
1.2043
1.1794
1.1816
1.1837
1.1859
1.1881
1.1769
1.1785
1.1801
1.1818
1.1837
1.1636
1.1656
1.1676
1.1697
1.1717
5
6
7
8
9
1.0150
1.0179
1.0207
1.0237
1.0266
1.0124
1.0151
1.0177
1.0204
1.0230
1.0115
1.0141
1.0170
1.0196
1.0221
1.0075
1.0101
1.0125
1.0149
1.0173
30
31
32
33
34
1.0839
1.0866
1.0891
1.0916
1.0941
1.0750
1.0774
1.0798
1.0821
1.0844
1.0729
1.0753
1.0777
1.0800
1.0823
1.0654
1.0676
1.0699
1.0721
1.0743
55
56
57
58
59
1.1472
1.1497
1.1523
1.1548
1.1573
1.1341
1.1365
1.1388
1.1411
1.1434
1.1320
1.1342
1.1361
1.1381
1.1401
1.1208
1.1230
1.1253
1.1274
1.1295
80
81
82
83
84
1.2065
1.2088
1.2110
1.2132
1.2154
1.1902
1.1924
1.1944
1.1965
1.1985
1.1806
1.1876
1.1896
1.1914
1.1929
1.1737
1.1758
1.1778
1.1798
1.1817
10
11
12
13
14
1.0295
1.0324
1.0351
1.0379
1.0407
1.0256
1.0281
1.0306
1.0330
1.0355
1.0246
1.0271
1.0296
1.0321
1.0345
1.0197
1.0221
1.0244
1.0267
1.0290
35
36
37
38
39
1.0966
1.0993
1.1018
1.1043
1.1069
1.0867
1.0892
1.0916
1.0940
1.0964
1.0847
1.0871
1.0895
1.0919
1.0940
1.0766
1.0788
1.0810
1.0832
1.0854
60
61
62
63
64
1.1597
1.1621
1.1645
1.1669
1.1694
1.1458
1.1481
1.1504
1.1526
1.1549
1.1424
1.1448
1.1473
1.1493
1.1517
1.1317
1.1338
1.1360
1.1382
1.1403
85
86
87
88
89
1.2176
1.2196
1.2217
1.2237
1.2258
1.2005
1.2025
1.2045
1.2064
1.2084
1.1953
1.1976
1.1994
1.2012
1.2028
1.1837
1.1856
1.1875
1.1893
1.1910
15
16
17
18
19
1.0435
1.0463
1.0491
1.0518
1.0545
1.0380
1.0405
1.0430
1.0455
1.0480
1.0370
1.0393
1.0417
1.0441
1.0464
1.0313
1.0336
1.0358
1.0381
1.0404
40
41
42
43
44
1.1095
1.1122
1.1148
1.1174
1.1199
1.0988
1.1012
1.1036
1.1060
1.1084
1.0963
1.0990
1.1015
1.1038
1.1062
1.0876
1.0898
1.0920
1.0943
1.0965
65
66
67
68
69
1.1718
1.1742
1.1766
1.1790
1.1813
1.1572
1.1595
1.1618
1.1640
1.1663
1.1543
1.1565
1.1584
1.1604
1.1628
1.1425
1.1446
1.1467
1.1489
1.1510
90
91
92
93
94
1.2278
1.2297
1.2316
1.2335
1.2354
1.2102
1.2121
1.2139
1.2157
1.2174
1.2044
1.2059
1.2078
1.2099
1.2117
1.1927
1.1945
1.1961
1.1978
1.1994
20
21
22
23
24
1.0571
1.0598
1.0625
1.0652
1.0679
1.0505
1.0532
1.0556
1.0580
1.0604
1.0488
1.0512
1.0537
1.0561
1.0585
1.0427
1.0451
1.0473
1.0496
1.0518
45
46
47
48
49
1.1224
1.1249
1.1274
1.1299
1.1324
1.1109
1.1133
1.1156
1.1179
1.1202
1.1085
1.1108
1.1130
1.1157
1.1185
1.0987
1.1009
1.1031
1.1053
1.1076
70
71
72
73
74
1.1835
1.1858
1.1882
1.1906
1.1929
1.1685
1.1707
1.1729
1.1751
1.1773
1.1655
1.1677
1.1702
1.1728
1.1752
1.1531
1.1552
1.1573
1.1595
1.1615
95
96
97
98
99
1.2372
1.2390
1.2408
1.2425
1.2441
1.2191
1.2208
1.2224
1.2240
1.2257
1.2140
1.2158
1.2170
1.2183
1.2202
1.2008
1.2022
1.2036
1.2048
1.2061
100
1.2456
1.2273
1.2212
1.2073
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-109
2-115
Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
1.0016
1.0033
1.0051
1.0070
0.9997
1.0013
1.0029
1.0044
1.0060
0.9991
1.0006
1.0021
1.0036
1.0051
0.9982
0.9996
1.0012
1.0025
1.0040
0.9971
0.9987
1.0000
1.0013
1.0027
0.9957
0.9971
0.9984
0.9997
1.0011
0.9922
0.9934
0.9946
0.9958
0.9970
50
51
52
53
54
1.0729
1.0738
1.0748
1.0757
1.0765
1.0654
1.0663
1.0671
1.0679
1.0687
1.0613
1.0622
1.0629
1.0637
1.0644
1.0575
1.0582
1.0590
1.0597
1.0604
1.0534
1.0542
1.0549
1.0555
1.0562
1.0492
1.0499
1.0506
1.0512
1.0518
1.0408
1.0414
1.0421
1.0427
1.0432
5
6
7
8
9
1.0088
1.0106
1.0124
1.0142
1.0159
1.0076
1.0092
1.0108
1.0124
1.0140
1.0066
1.0081
1.0096
1.0111
1.0126
1.0055
1.0069
1.0083
1.0097
1.0111
1.0041
1.0055
1.0068
1.0081
1.0094
1.0024
1.0037
1.0050
1.0063
1.0076
0.9982
0.9994
1.0006
1.0018
1.0030
55
56
57
58
59
1.0774
1.0782
1.0790
1.0798
1.0805
1.0694
1.0701
1.0708
1.0715
1.0722
1.0651
1.0658
1.0665
1.0672
1.0678
1.0611
1.0618
1.0624
1.0631
1.0637
1.0568
1.0574
1.0580
1.0586
1.0592
1.0525
1.0531
1.0536
1.0542
1.0547
1.0438
1.0443
1.0448
1.0453
1.0458
10
11
12
13
14
1.0177
1.0194
1.0211
1.0228
1.0245
1.0156
1.0171
1.0187
1.0202
1.0217
1.0141
1.0155
1.0170
1.0184
1.0199
1.0125
1.0139
1.0154
1.0168
1.0182
1.0107
1.0120
1.0133
1.0146
1.0159
1.0089
1.0102
1.0115
1.0127
1.0139
1.0042
1.0054
1.0065
1.0077
1.0088
60
61
62
63
64
1.0813
1.0820
1.0826
1.0833
1.0838
1.0728
1.0734
1.0740
1.0746
1.0752
1.0684
1.0690
1.0696
1.0701
1.0706
1.0642
1.0648
1.0653
1.0658
1.0662
1.0597
1.0602
1.0607
1.0612
1.0616
1.0552
1.0557
1.0562
1.0566
1.0571
1.0462
1.0466
1.0470
1.0473
1.0477
15
16
17
18
19
1.0262
1.0278
1.0295
1.0311
1.0327
1.0232
1.0247
1.0262
1.0276
1.0291
1.0213
1.0227
1.0241
1.0255
1.0269
1.0195
1.0209
1.0223
1.0236
1.0250
1.0172
1.0185
1.0198
1.0210
1.0223
1.0151
1.0163
1.0175
1.0187
1.0198
1.0099
1.0110
1.0121
1.0132
1.0142
65
66
67
68
69
1.0844
1.0850
1.0856
1.0860
1.0865
1.0757
1.0762
1.0767
1.0771
1.0775
1.0711
1.0716
1.0720
1.0725
1.0729
1.0666
1.0671
1.0675
1.0678
1.0682
1.0621
1.0624
1.0628
1.0631
1.0634
1.0575
1.0578
1.0582
1.0585
1.0588
1.0480
1.0483
1.0486
1.0489
1.0491
20
21
22
23
24
1.0343
1.0358
1.0374
1.0389
1.0404
1.0305
1.0319
1.0333
1.0347
1.0361
1.0283
1.0297
1.0310
1.0323
1.0336
1.0263
1.0276
1.0288
1.0301
1.0313
1.0235
1.0248
1.0260
1.0272
1.0283
1.0210
1.0222
1.0233
1.0244
1.0256
1.0153
1.0164
1.0174
1.0185
1.0195
70
71
72
73
74
1.0869
1.0874
1.0877
1.0881
1.0884
1.0779
1.0783
1.0786
1.0789
1.0792
1.0732
1.0736
1.0738
1.0741
1.0743
1.0685
1.0687
1.0690
1.0693
1.0694
1.0637
1.0640
1.0642
1.0644
1.0645
1.0590
1.0592
1.0594
1.0595
1.0596
1.0493
1.0495
1.0496
1.0497
1.0498
25
26
27
28
29
1.0419
1.0434
1.0449
1.0463
1.0477
1.0375
1.0388
1.0401
1.0414
1.0427
1.0349
1.0362
1.0374
1.0386
1.0399
1.0326
1.0338
1.0349
1.0361
1.0372
1.0295
1.0307
1.0318
1.0329
1.0340
1.0267
1.0278
1.0289
1.0299
1.0310
1.0205
1.0215
1.0225
1.0234
1.0244
75
76
77
78
79
1.0887
1.0889
1.0891
1.0893
1.0894
1.0794
1.0796
1.0797
1.0798
1.0798
1.0745
1.0746
1.0747
1.0747
1.0747
1.0696
1.0698
1.0699
1.0700
1.0700
1.0647
1.0648
1.0648
1.0648
1.0648
1.0597
1.0598
1.0598
1.0598
1.0597
1.0499
1.0499
1.0499
1.0498
1.0497
30
31
32
33
34
1.0491
1.0505
1.0519
1.0532
1.0545
1.0440
1.0453
1.0465
1.0477
1.0489
1.0411
1.0423
1.0435
1.0446
1.0458
1.0384
1.0395
1.0406
1.0417
1.0428
1.0350
1.0361
1.0372
1.0382
1.0392
1.0320
1.0330
1.0341
1.0351
1.0361
1.0253
1.0262
1.0272
1.0281
1.0289
80
81
82
83
84
1.0895
1.0895
1.0895
1.0895
1.0893
1.0798
1.0797
1.0796
1.0795
1.0793
1.0747
1.0745
1.0743
1.0741
1.0738
1.0700
1.0699
1.0698
1.0696
1.0693
1.0647
1.0646
1.0644
1.0642
1.0638
1.0596
1.0594
1.0592
1.0589
1.0585
1.0495
1.0493
1.0490
1.0487
1.0483
35
36
37
38
39
1.0558
1.0571
1.0584
1.0596
1.0608
1.0501
1.0513
1.0524
1.0535
1.0546
1.0469
1.0480
1.0491
1.0501
1.0512
1.0438
1.0449
1.0459
1.0469
1.0479
1.0402
1.0412
1.0422
1.0432
1.0441
1.0371
1.0380
1.0390
1.0399
1.0408
1.0298
1.0306
1.0314
1.0322
1.0330
85
86
87
88
89
1.0891
1.0887
1.0883
1.0877
1.0872
1.0790
1.0787
1.0783
1.0778
1.0773
1.0735
1.0731
1.0726
1.0721
1.0715
1.0689
1.0685
1.0680
1.0675
1.0668
1.0635
1.0630
1.0626
1.0620
1.0613
1.0582
1.0576
1.0571
1.0564
1.0557
1.0479
1.0473
1.0467
1.0460
1.0453
40
41
42
43
44
1.0621
1.0633
1.0644
1.0656
1.0667
1.0557
1.0568
1.0578
1.0588
1.0598
1.0522
1.0532
1.0542
1.0551
1.0561
1.0488
1.0498
1.0507
1.0516
1.0525
1.0450
1.0460
1.0469
1.0477
1.0486
1.0416
1.0425
1.0433
1.0441
1.0449
1.0338
1.0346
1.0353
1.0361
1.0368
90
91
92
93
94
1.0865
1.0857
1.0848
1.0838
1.0826
1.0766
1.0758
1.0749
1.0739
1.0727
1.0708
1.0700
1.0690
1.0680
1.0667
1.0661
1.0652
1.0643
1.0632
1.0619
1.0605
1.0597
1.0587
1.0577
1.0564
1.0549
1.0541
1.0530
1.0518
1.0506
1.0445
1.0436
1.0426
1.0414
1.0401
45
46
47
48
49
1.0679
1.0689
1.0699
1.0709
1.0720
1.0608
1.0618
1.0627
1.0636
1.0645
1.0570
1.0579
1.0588
1.0597
1.0605
1.0534
1.0542
1.0551
1.0559
1.0567
1.0495
1.0503
1.0511
1.0518
1.0526
1.0456
1.0464
1.0471
1.0479
1.0486
1.0375
1.0382
1.0389
1.0395
1.0402
95
96
97
98
99
1.0813
1.0798
1.0780
1.0759
1.0730
1.0714
1.0652
1.0632
1.0611
1.0590
1.0567
1.0605
1.0588
1.0570
1.0549
1.0524
1.0551
1.0535
1.0516
1.0495
1.0468
1.0491
1.0473
1.0454
1.0431
1.0407
1.0386
1.0368
1.0348
1.0325
1.0299
100
1.0697
1.0545
1.0498
1.0440
1.0380
1.0271
2-116
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-110
TABLE 2-111
Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4)
%
d 17.5
4
%
d 17.5
4
1
2
4
1.0035
1.0070
1.0140
8
10
12
1.0280
1.0350
1.0420
Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9981
0.9963
0.9946
0.9930
0.9997
0.9980
0.9962
0.9945
0.9929
0.9990
0.9973
0.9955
0.9938
0.9921
0.9982
0.9965
0.9948
0.9931
0.9914
0.99913
0.99727
0.99543
0.99370
0.99198
35
36
37
38
39
0.9534
0.9520
0.9505
0.9490
0.9475
0.9484
0.9469
0.9453
0.9437
0.9420
0.9456
0.9440
0.9422
0.9405
0.9387
0.9433
0.9416
0.9398
0.9381
0.9363
0.94570
0.94404
0.94237
0.94067
0.93894
70
71
72
73
74
0.8869
0.8847
0.8824
0.8801
0.8778
0.8794
0.8770
0.8747
0.8724
0.8699
0.8748
0.8726
0.8702
0.8678
0.8653
0.8715
0.8690
0.8665
0.8641
0.8616
0.87507
0.87271
0.87033
0.86792
0.86546
5
6
7
8
9
0.9914
0.9899
0.9884
0.9870
0.9856
0.9912
0.9896
0.9881
0.9865
0.9849
0.9904
0.9889
0.9872
0.9857
0.9841
0.9896
0.9880
0.9863
0.9847
0.9831
0.99029
0.98864
0.98701
0.98547
0.98394
40
41
42
43
44
0.9459
0.9443
0.9427
0.9411
0.9395
0.9403
0.9387
0.9370
0.9352
0.9334
0.9369
0.9351
0.9333
0.9315
0.9297
0.9345
0.9327
0.9309
0.9290
0.9272
0.93720
0.93543
0.93365
0.93185
0.93001
75
76
77
78
79
0.8754
0.8729
0.8705
0.8680
0.8657
0.8676
0.8651
0.8626
0.8602
0.8577
0.8629
0.8604
0.8579
0.8554
0.8529
0.8592
0.8567
0.8542
0.8518
0.8494
0.86300
0.86051
0.85801
0.85551
0.85300
10
11
12
13
14
0.9842
0.9829
0.9816
0.9804
0.9792
0.9834
0.9820
0.9805
0.9791
0.9778
0.9826
0.9811
0.9796
0.9781
0.9766
0.9815
0.9799
0.9784
0.9768
0.9754
0.98241
0.98093
0.97945
0.97802
0.97660
45
46
47
48
49
0.9377
0.9360
0.9342
0.9324
0.9306
0.9316
0.9298
0.9279
0.9260
0.9240
0.9279
0.9261
0.9242
0.9223
0.9204
0.9252
0.9234
0.9214
0.9196
0.9176
0.92815
0.92627
0.92436
0.92242
0.92048
80
81
82
83
84
0.8634
0.8610
0.8585
0.8560
0.8535
0.8551
0.8527
0.8501
0.8475
0.8449
0.8503
0.8478
0.8452
0.8426
0.8400
0.8469
0.8446
0.8420
0.8394
0.8366
0.85048
0.84794
0.84536
0.84274
0.84009
15
16
17
18
19
0.9780
0.9769
0.9758
0.9747
0.9736
0.9764
0.9751
0.9739
0.9726
0.9713
0.9752
0.9738
0.9723
0.9709
0.9695
0.9740
0.9725
0.9710
0.9696
0.9681
0.97518
0.97377
0.97237
0.97096
0.96955
50
51
52
53
54
0.9287
0.9269
0.9250
0.9230
0.9211
0.9221
0.9202
0.9182
0.9162
0.9142
0.9185
0.9166
0.9146
0.9126
0.9106
0.9156
0.9135
0.9114
0.9094
0.9073
0.91852
0.91653
0.91451
0.91248
0.91044
85
86
87
88
89
0.8510
0.8483
0.8456
0.8428
0.8400
0.8422
0.8394
0.8367
0.8340
0.8314
0.8374
0.8347
0.8320
0.8294
0.8267
0.8340
0.8314
0.8286
0.8258
0.8230
0.83742
0.83475
0.83207
0.82937
0.82667
20
21
22
23
24
0.9725
0.9714
0.9702
0.9690
0.9678
0.9700
0.9687
0.9673
0.9660
0.9646
0.9680
0.9666
0.9652
0.9638
0.9624
0.9666
0.9651
0.9636
0.9622
0.9607
0.96814
0.96673
0.96533
0.96392
0.96251
55
56
57
58
59
0.9191
0.9172
0.9151
0.9131
0.9111
0.9122
0.9101
0.9080
0.9060
0.9039
0.9086
0.9065
0.9045
0.9024
0.9002
0.9052
0.9032
0.9010
0.8988
0.8968
0.90839
0.90631
0.90421
0.90210
0.89996
90
91
92
93
94
0.8374
0.8347
0.8320
0.8293
0.8266
0.8287
0.8261
0.8234
0.8208
0.8180
0.8239
0.8212
0.8185
0.8157
0.8129
0.8202
0.8174
0.8146
0.8118
0.8090
0.82396
0.82124
0.81849
0.81568
0.81285
25
26
27
28
29
0.9666
0.9654
0.9642
0.9629
0.9616
0.9632
0.9618
0.9604
0.9590
0.9575
0.9609
0.9595
0.9580
0.9565
0.9550
0.9592
0.9576
0.9562
0.9546
0.9531
0.96108
0.95963
0.95817
0.95668
0.95518
60
61
62
63
64
0.9090
0.9068
0.9046
0.9024
0.9002
0.9018
0.8998
0.8977
0.8955
0.8933
0.8980
0.8958
0.8936
0.8913
0.8890
0.8946
0.8924
0.8902
0.8879
0.8856
0.89781
0.89563
0.89341
0.89117
0.88890
95
96
97
98
99
0.8240
0.8212
0.8186
0.8158
0.8130
0.8152
0.8124
0.8096
0.8068
0.8040
0.8101
0.8073
0.8045
0.8016
0.7987
0.8062
0.8034
0.8005
0.7976
0.7948
0.80999
0.80713
0.80428
0.80143
0.79859
30
31
32
33
34
0.9604
0.9590
0.9576
0.9563
0.9549
0.9560
0.9546
0.9531
0.9516
0.9500
0.9535
0.9521
0.9505
0.9489
0.9473
0.9515
0.9499
0.9483
0.9466
0.9450
0.95366
0.95213
0.95056
0.94896
0.94734
65
66
67
68
69
0.8980
0.8958
0.8935
0.8913
0.8891
0.8911
0.8888
0.8865
0.8842
0.8818
0.8867
0.8844
0.8820
0.8797
0.8771
0.8834
0.8811
0.8787
0.8763
0.8738
0.88662
0.88433
0.88203
0.87971
0.87739
100
0.8102
0.8009
0.7959
0.7917
0.79577
*It should be noted that the values for 100 percent do not agree with some data available elsewhere, e.g., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1957. Also, see Atack, Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957. Also, see Tables 2-234 and 2-305 for pure component densities.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-112
2-117
Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH)*
%
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
35 °C
40 °C
%
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
35 °C
40 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.99973
785
602
426
258
0.99913
725
542
365
195
0.99823
636
453
275
103
0.99708
520
336
157
0.98984
0.99568
379
194
014
0.98839
0.99406
217
031
0.98849
672
0.99225
034
0.98846
663
485
50
51
52
53
54
0.92126
0.91943
723
502
279
0.91776
555
333
110
0.90885
0.91384
160
0.90936
711
485
0.90985
760
534
307
079
0.90580
353
125
0.89896
667
0.90168
0.89940
710
479
248
0.89750
519
288
056
0.88823
5
6
7
8
9
098
0.98946
801
660
524
032
0.98877
729
584
442
0.98938
780
627
478
331
817
656
500
346
193
670
507
347
189
031
501
335
172
009
0.97846
311
142
0.97975
808
641
55
56
57
58
59
055
0.90831
607
381
154
659
433
207
0.89980
752
258
031
0.89803
574
344
0.89850
621
392
162
0.88931
437
206
0.88975
744
512
016
0.88784
552
319
085
589
356
122
0.87888
653
10
11
12
13
14
393
267
145
026
0.97911
304
171
041
0.97914
790
187
047
0.97910
775
643
043
0.97897
753
611
472
0.97875
723
573
424
278
685
527
371
216
063
475
312
150
0.96989
829
60
61
62
63
64
0.89927
698
468
237
006
523
293
062
0.88830
597
113
0.88882
650
417
183
699
446
233
0.87998
763
278
044
0.87809
574
337
0.87851
615
379
142
0.86905
417
180
0.86943
705
466
15
16
17
18
19
800
692
583
473
363
669
552
433
313
191
514
387
259
129
0.96997
334
199
062
0.96923
782
133
0.96990
844
697
547
0.96911
760
607
452
294
670
512
352
189
023
65
66
67
68
69
0.88774
541
308
074
0.87839
364
130
0.87895
660
424
0.87948
713
477
241
004
527
291
054
0.86817
579
100
0.86863
625
387
148
667
429
190
0.85950
710
227
0.85987
747
407
266
20
21
22
23
24
252
139
024
0.96907
787
068
0.96944
818
689
558
864
729
592
453
312
639
495
348
199
048
395
242
087
0.95929
769
134
0.95973
809
643
476
0.95856
687
516
343
168
70
71
72
73
74
602
365
127
0.86888
648
187
0.86949
710
470
229
0.86766
527
287
047
0.85806
340
100
0.85859
618
376
0.85908
667
426
184
0.84941
470
228
0.84986
743
500
025
0.84783
540
297
053
25
26
27
28
29
665
539
406
268
125
424
287
144
0.95996
844
168
020
0.95867
710
548
0.95895
738
576
410
241
607
442
272
098
0.94922
306
133
0.94955
774
590
0.94991
810
625
438
248
75
76
77
78
79
408
168
0.85927
685
442
0.85988
747
505
262
018
564
322
079
0.84835
590
134
0.84891
647
403
158
698
455
211
0.83966
720
257
013
0.83768
523
277
0.83809
564
319
074
0.82827
30
31
32
33
34
0.95977
823
665
502
334
686
524
357
186
011
382
212
038
0.94860
679
067
0.94890
709
525
337
741
557
370
180
0.93986
403
214
021
0.93825
626
055
0.93860
662
461
257
80
81
82
83
84
197
0.84950
702
453
203
0.84772
525
277
028
0.83777
344
096
0.83848
599
348
0.83911
664
415
164
0.82913
473
224
0.82974
724
473
029
0.82780
530
279
027
578
329
079
0.81828
576
35
36
37
38
39
162
0.94986
805
620
431
0.94832
650
464
273
079
494
306
114
0.93919
720
146
0.93952
756
556
353
790
591
390
186
0.92979
425
221
016
0.92808
597
051
0.92843
634
422
208
85
86
87
88
89
0.83951
697
441
181
0.82919
525
271
014
0.82754
492
095
0.82840
583
323
062
660
405
148
0.81888
626
220
0.81965
708
448
186
0.81774
519
262
003
0.80742
322
067
0.80811
552
291
40
41
42
43
44
238
042
0.93842
639
433
0.93882
682
478
271
062
518
314
107
0.92897
685
148
0.92940
729
516
301
770
558
344
128
0.91910
385
170
0.91952
733
513
0.91992
774
554
332
108
90
91
92
93
94
654
386
114
0.81839
561
227
0.81959
688
413
134
0.81797
529
257
0.80983
705
362
094
0.80823
549
272
0.80922
655
384
111
0.79835
478
211
0.79941
669
393
028
0.79761
491
220
0.78947
45
46
47
48
49
226
017
0.92806
593
379
0.92852
640
426
211
0.91995
472
257
041
0.91823
604
085
0.91868
649
429
208
692
472
250
028
0.90805
291
069
0.90845
621
396
0.90884
660
434
207
0.89979
95
96
97
98
99
278
0.80991
698
399
094
0.80852
566
274
0.79975
670
424
138
0.79846
547
243
0.79991
706
415
117
0.78814
555
271
0.78981
684
382
114
0.78831
542
247
0.77946
670
388
100
0.77806
507
100
0.79784
360
0.78934
506
075
641
203
*For data from −78° to 78°C, see p. 2-142, Table 2N-5, American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957. See Tables 2-214 and 2-305 for
pure component densities.
2-118
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-113
Densities of Mixtures of C2H5OH and H2O at 20 °C
g/mL
%
alcohol
by
weight
%
alcohol
by
weight
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
0.99823
636
453
275
103
804
618
435
257
087
785
599
417
240
070
766
581
399
222
053
748
562
381
205
037
729
544
363
188
020
710
525
345
171
003
692
507
327
154
*987
4
5
6
7
673 655
489 471
310 292
137 120
*971 *954
50
51
52
53
54
0.91384
160
0.90936
711
485
361
138
914
689
463
339
116
891
666
440
317
093
869
644
417
295
071
846
621
395
272
049
824
598
372
250
026
801
576
349
228 206 183
004 *981 *959
779 756 734
553 531 508
327 304 281
5
6
7
8
9
0.98938
780
627
478
331
922
765
612
463
316
906
749
597
449
301
890
734
582
434
287
874
718
567
419
273
859
703
553
404
258
843
688
538
389
244
827
673
523
374
229
811
658
508
360
215
796
642
493
345
201
55
56
57
58
59
258
031
0.89803
574
344
236
008
780
551
321
213
*985
757
528
298
190
*962
734
505
275
167
*939
711
482
252
145
*917
688
459
229
122
*894
665
436
206
099 076 054
*871 *848 *825
643 620 597
413 390 367
183 160 137
10
11
12
13
14
187
047
0.97910
775
643
172
033
896
761
630
158
019
883
748
617
144
006
869
735
604
130
*992
855
722
591
117
*978
842
709
578
103
*964
828
696
565
089
*951
815
683
552
075 061
*937 *923
801 788
670 657
539 526
60
61
62
63
64
113
0.88882
650
417
183
090
859
626
393
160
067
836
603
370
136
044
812
580
347
113
021 *998 *975 *951 *928 *905
789 766 743 720 696 673
557 533 510 487 463 440
323 300 277 253 230 206
089 066 042 019 *995 *972
15
16
17
18
19
514
387
259
129
0.96997
501
374
246
116
984
488
361
233
103
971
475
349
220
089
957
462
336
207
076
944
450
323
194
063
931
438
310
181
050
917
425
297
168
037
904
412
284
155
024
891
400
272
142
010
877
65
66
67
68
69
0.87948
713
477
241
004
925
689
454
218
*981
901
666
430
194
*957
878
642
406
170
*933
854
619
383
147
*909
831
595
359
123
*885
807
572
336
099
*862
784 760 737
548 524 501
312 288 265
075 052 028
*838 *814 *790
20
21
22
23
24
864
729
592
453
312
850
716
578
439
297
837
702
564
425
283
823
688
551
411
269
810
675
537
396
254
796
661
523
382
240
783
647
509
368
225
769
634
495
354
211
756
620
481
340
196
742
606
467
326
182
70
71
72
73
74
0.86766
527
287
047
0.85806
742
503
263
022
781
718
479
239
*998
757
694
455
215
*974
733
671
431
191
*950
709
647
407
167
*926
685
623
383
143
*902
661
599 575 551
339 335 311
119 095 071
*878 *854 *830
636 612 588
25
26
27
28
29
168
020
0.95867
710
548
153
005
851
694
532
139
*990
836
678
516
124
*975
820
662
499
109
*959
805
646
483
094
*944
789
630
466
080
*929
773
613
450
065
*914
757
597
433
050 035
*898 *883
742 726
581 565
416 400
75
76
77
78
79
564
322
079
0.84835
590
540
297
055
811
566
515
273
031
787
541
491 467 443 419 394 370 346
249 225 200 176 152 128 103
006 *982 *958 *933 *909 *884 *860
762 738 713 689 664 640 615
517 492 467 443 418 393 369
30
31
32
33
34
382
212
038
0.94860
679
365
195
020
842
660
349
178
003
824
642
332
161
*985
806
624
315
143
*967
788
605
298
126
*950
770
587
281
108
*932
752
568
264
091
*914
734
550
247 230
074 056
*896 *878
715 697
531 512
80
81
82
83
84
344
096
0.83848
599
348
319
072
823
574
323
294
047
798
549
297
270 245 220 196 171 146 121
022 *997 *972 *947 *923 *898 *873
773 748 723 698 674 649 624
523 498 473 448 423 398 373
272 247 222 196 171 146 120
35
36
37
38
39
494
306
114
0.93919
720
475
287
095
899
700
456
268
075
879
680
438
249
056
859
660
419
230
036
840
640
400
211
017
820
620
382
192
*997
800
599
363
172
*978
780
579
344 325
153 134
*958 *939
760 740
559 539
85
86
87
88
89
095
0.82840
583
323
062
070
815
557
297
035
044 019 *994 *968 *943 *917 *892 *866
789 763 738 712 686 660 635 609
531 505 479 453 427 401 375 349
271 245 219 193 167 140 114 088
009 *983 *956 *930 *903 *877 *850 *824
40
41
42
43
44
518
314
107
0.92897
685
498
294
086
876
664
478
273
065
855
642
458
253
044
834
621
437
232
023
812
600
417
212
002
791
579
396
191
*981
770
557
376
170
*960
749
536
356 335
149 129
*939 *918
728 707
515 493
90
91
92
93
94
0.81797
529
257
0.80983
705
770
502
230
955
677
744
475
203
928
649
717
448
175
900
621
690
421
148
872
593
45
46
47
48
49
472
257
041
0.91823
604
450
236
019
801
582
429
214
*997
780
560
408
193
*976
758
538
386
171
*954
736
516
365
150
*932
714
494
343
128
*910
692
472
322
106
*889
670
450
300 279
085 063
*867 *845
648 626
428 406
95
96
97
98
99
424
138
0.79846
547
243
395
109
816
517
213
367
080
787
487
182
338
051
757
456
151
310 281 253 224 195 166
022 *993 *963 *934 *905 *875
727 698 668 638 608 578
426 396 365 335 305 274
120 089 059 028 *997 *966
100
0.78934
Tenths of %
*Indicates change in the first two decimal places.
8
9
Tenths of %
664
394
120
844
565
637
366
093
817
537
610
339
066
789
509
8
583
312
038
761
480
9
556
285
010
733
452
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-114
%
alcohol
by
volume
at 60°F
Specific Gravity {60°/60 °F [(15.56°/15.56 °C)]} of Mixtures by Volume of C2H5OH and H2O
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
%
alcohol
by
volume
at 60°F
Tenths of %
0
2-119
1
Tenths of %
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
1.00000 *985
0.99850 835
703 688
559 545
419 405
*970
820
674
531
391
*955
806
659
516
378
*940
791
645
502
364
*925
776
630
488
350
*910
761
616
474
336
*895
747
602
460
323
*880
732
587
446
309
865
717
573
432
296
50
51
52
53
54
0.93426
230
031
0.92830
626
407 387 368 348 328 309 289 270 250
210 190 171 151 131 111 091 071 051
011 *991 *971 *951 *931 *911 *890 *870 *850
810 789 769 749 728 708 688 667 647
605 585 564 544 523 502 482 461 440
5
6
7
8
9
282
150
022
0.98899
779
269
137
009
887
767
255
124
*997
875
755
242
111
*984
863
743
228
098
*972
851
731
215
085
*960
838
720
202
073
*947
826
708
189
060
*935
814
696
176 163
047 035
*923 *911
803 791
684 672
55
56
57
58
59
419
210
0.91999
784
565
398
189
978
762
543
377
168
956
741
521
357
147
935
719
499
336
126
914
697
477
315
105
892
675
455
294
084
871
653
433
273
062
849
631
410
10
11
12
13
14
661
544
430
319
210
649
532
419
308
200
637
521
408
297
190
625
509
396
286
179
614
498
385
275
168
602
487
374
264
157
590
475
363
254
147
579
464
352
243
136
567
452
341
232
125
556
441
330
221
115
60
61
62
63
64
344
120
0.90893
664
434
322
097
870
641
411
299
075
847
618
388
277
052
825
595
365
255
030
802
572
341
232
007
779
549
318
210
*984
756
526
295
188 165 143
*962 *939 *916
733 710 687
503 480 457
272 249 225
15
16
17
18
19
104
0.97998
895
794
694
093
988
885
784
684
083
977
875
774
674
072
967
864
764
664
062
956
854
754
654
051
946
844
744
645
040
936
834
734
635
030
925
824
724
625
019
915
814
714
615
009
905
804
704
605
65
66
67
68
69
202
0.89967
729
489
245
179
943
705
465
220
155
920
681
441
196
132
896
657
416
171
108
872
633
392
147
085
848
609
368
122
061
825
585
343
098
038
801
561
319
073
014 *991
777 753
537 513
295 270
048 024
20
21
22
23
24
596
496
395
293
189
586
486
385
283
179
576
476
375
272
168
566
466
365
262
158
556
456
354
252
147
546
446
344
241
137
536
436
334
231
126
526
425
324
221
116
516
415
313
210
105
506
405
303
200
095
70
71
72
73
74
0.88999
751
499
244
0.87987
974
725
474
218
961
950
700
448
193
935
925
675
423
167
910
900
650
397
141
884
875
625
372
116
858
850
600
346
090
832
825
574
321
064
806
801
549
296
039
780
25
26
27
28
29
084
0.96978
870
760
648
073
967
859
749
637
063
957
848
738
625
052
946
837
727
614
042
935
826
715
603
031
924
815
704
591
020
914
804
693
580
010
903
793
682
568
*999 *988
892 881
782 771
671 659
557 546
75
76
77
78
79
728
465
199
0.86929
656
702
439
172
902
629
676
412
145
875
601
650
386
118
847
574
623
359
092
820
546
597
332
065
793
518
571
306
038
766
491
545 518 492
279 252 226
011 *984 *957
738 711 684
463 435 408
30
31
32
33
34
534
418
296
170
041
522
406
284
157
028
511
394
271
144
015
499
382
259
132
002
488
370
246
119
*988
476
358
234
106
*975
464
346
221
093
*962
453
334
209
080
*948
441 429
321 309
196 183
067 054
*935 *921
80
81
82
83
84
380
100
0.85817
531
240
352
072
789
502
211
324
044
760
473
181
296 269 241 213 185 157 129
015 *987 *959 *931 *902 *874 *846
732 703 674 646 617 588 560
444 415 386 357 328 299 270
152 122 093 063 033 004 *974
35
36
37
38
39
0.95908
770
628
482
332
894
756
614
467
317
881
742
599
452
302
867
728
585
437
286
854
714
570
423
271
840
700
556
408
256
826
685
541
393
240
812
671
526
378
225
798
657
512
362
209
784
643
497
347
194
85
86
87
88
89
0.84944
642
336
025
0.83707
914
612
305
*994
675
884
581
274
*962
643
854
551
243
*930
610
824
520
212
*899
578
794
490
181
*867
545
764
459
150
*835
513
734 703 673
428 398 367
119 088 056
*803 *771 *739
480 447 415
40
41
42
43
44
178
020
0.94858
693
524
162
004
842
676
507
147
*988
825
660
490
131
*972
809
643
473
115
*956
792
626
455
100
*940
776
609
438
084
*923
759
592
421
068
*907
743
575
403
052 036
*891 *875
726 710
558 541
386 369
90
91
92
93
94
382
049
0.82705
351
0.81984
349
015
670
315
947
315
*981
635
279
909
282
*947
600
243
871
249
*913
565
206
834
216
*879
529
170
796
183
*845
494
133
757
150 116 083
*810 *776 *741
458 423 387
096 059 022
719 681 642
45
46
47
48
49
351
174
0.93993
808
619
334
156
975
789
600
316
138
956
771
581
298
120
938
752
562
281
102
920
733
543
263
084
901
714
523
245
066
883
695
504
228
048
864
676
485
210
030
845
657
465
95
96
97
98
99
603
206
0.80792
356
0.79889
564
165
750
311
841
525
125
707
265
792
486
084
664
219
743
446
042
620
173
693
407
001
577
127
643
367
*960
533
080
593
327 287 247
*918 *876 *834
489 445 401
033 *985 *937
543 492 441
100
389
*Indicates change in first two decimal places.
192
011
827
638
446
252
041
827
610
388
231
020
806
588
366
776
524
270
013
754
2-120
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-115 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH)
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9982
0.9967
0.9952
0.9939
0.9991
0.9974
0.9960
0.9944
0.9929
0.9957
0.9940
0.9924
0.9908
0.9893
20
21
22
23
24
0.9789
0.9776
0.9763
0.9748
0.9733
0.9723
0.9705
0.9688
0.9670
0.9651
0.9643
0.9622
0.9602
0.9583
0.9563
40
41
42
43
44
0.9430
0.9411
0.9391
0.9371
0.9352
0.9331
0.9310
0.9290
0.9269
0.9248
0.9226
0.9205
0.9184
0.9164
0.9143
60
61
62
63
64
0.9033
0.9013
0.8994
0.8974
0.8954
0.8922
0.8902
0.8882
0.8861
0.8841
0.8807
0.8786
0.8766
0.8745
0.8724
80
81
82
83
84
0.8634
0.8614
0.8594
0.8574
0.8554
0.8516
0.8496
0.8475
0.8454
0.8434
0.8394
0.8373
0.8352
0.8332
0.8311
5
6
7
8
9
0.9926
0.9914
0.9904
0.9894
0.9883
0.9915
0.9902
0.9890
0.9877
0.9864
0.9877
0.9862
0.9848
0.9834
0.9819
25
26
27
28
29
0.9717
0.9700
0.9682
0.9664
0.9646
0.9633
0.9614
0.9594
0.9576
0.9556
0.9543
0.9522
0.9501
0.9481
0.9460
45
46
47
48
49
0.9332
0.9311
0.9291
0.9272
0.9252
0.9228
0.9207
0.9186
0.9165
0.9145
0.9122
0.9100
0.9079
0.9057
0.9036
65
66
67
68
69
0.8934
0.8913
0.8894
0.8874
0.8854
0.8820
0.8800
0.8779
0.8759
0.8739
0.8703
0.8682
0.8662
0.8641
0.8620
85
86
87
88
89
0.8534
0.8513
0.8492
0.8471
0.8450
0.8413
0.8393
0.8372
0.8351
0.8330
0.8290
0.8269
0.8248
0.8227
0.8206
10
11
12
13
14
0.9874
0.9865
0.9857
0.9849
0.9841
0.9852
0.9840
0.9828
0.9817
0.9806
0.9804
0.9790
0.9775
0.9760
0.9746
30
31
32
33
34
0.9627
0.9608
0.9589
0.9570
0.9550
0.9535
0.9516
0.9495
0.9474
0.9454
0.9439
0.9418
0.9396
0.9375
0.9354
50
51
52
53
54
0.9232
0.9213
0.9192
0.9173
0.9153
0.9124
0.9104
0.9084
0.9064
0.9044
0.9015
0.8994
0.8973
0.8952
0.8931
70
71
72
73
74
0.8835
0.8815
0.8795
0.8776
0.8756
0.8719
0.8700
0.8680
0.8659
0.8639
0.8600
0.8580
0.8559
0.8539
0.8518
90
91
92
93
94
0.8429
0.8408
0.8387
0.8364
0.8342
0.8308
0.8287
0.8266
0.8244
0.8221
0.8185
0.8164
0.8142
0.8120
0.8098
15
16
17
18
19
0.9833
0.9825
0.9817
0.9808
0.9800
0.9793
0.9780
0.9768
0.9752
0.9739
0.9730
0.9714
0.9698
0.9680
0.9661
35
36
37
38
39
0.9530
0.9511
0.9491
0.9471
0.9450
0.9434
0.9413
0.9392
0.9372
0.9351
0.9333
0.9312
0.9289
0.9269
0.9247
55
56
57
58
59
0.9132
0.9112
0.9093
0.9073
0.9053
0.9023
0.9003
0.8983
0.8963
0.8942
0.8911
0.8890
0.8869
0.8849
0.8828
75
76
77
78
79
0.8736
0.8716
0.8695
0.8675
0.8655
0.8618
0.8598
0.8577
0.8556
0.8536
0.8497
0.8477
0.8456
0.8435
0.8414
95
96
97
98
99
0.8320
0.8296
0.8272
0.8248
0.8222
0.8199
0.8176
0.8153
0.8128
0.8104
0.8077
0.8054
0.8031
0.8008
0.7984
100
0.8194
0.8077
0.7958
TABLE 2-116
Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH)
%
0 °C
15 °C*
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C*
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
0
1
2
3
4
0.9999
0.9980
0.9962
0.9946
0.9930
0.9991
0.9973
0.9956
0.9938
0.9922
0.99913
0.9972
0.9954
0.9936
0.9920
0.9982
0.9962
0.9944
0.9926
0.9909
0.9957
0.9939
0.9921
0.9904
0.9887
35
36
37
38
39
0.9557
0.9536
0.9514
0.9493
0.9472
15 °C*
0.9446
0.9424
0.9401
0.9379
0.9356
0.9419
0.9399
0.9377
0.9355
0.9333
0.9338
0.9315
0.9292
0.9269
0.9246
70
71
72
73
74
0.8761
0.8738
0.8714
0.8691
0.8668
0.8639
0.8615
0.8592
0.8568
0.8545
0.86346
0.8611
0.8588
0.8564
0.8541
0.8584
0.8560
0.8537
0.8513
0.8489
0.8511
0.8487
0.8464
0.8440
0.8416
5
6
7
8
9
0.9916
0.9902
0.9890
0.9878
0.9866
0.9906
0.9892
0.9878
0.9864
0.9851
0.9904
0.9890
0.9875
0.9862
0.9849
0.9893
0.9877
0.9862
0.9847
0.9833
0.9871
0.9855
0.9839
0.9824
0.9809
40
41
42
43
44
0.9450
0.9428
0.9406
0.9384
0.9361
0.93333
0.9311
0.9288
0.9266
0.9243
0.9310
0.9287
0.9264
0.9239
0.9215
0.9224
0.9201
0.9177
0.9154
0.9130
75
76
77
78
79
0.8644
0.8621
0.8598
0.8575
0.8551
0.8521
0.8497
0.8474
0.8450
0.8426
0.8517
0.8493
0.8470
0.8446
0.8422
0.8464
0.8439
0.8415
0.8391
0.8366
0.8392
0.8368
0.8344
0.8321
0.8297
10
11
12
13
14
0.9856
0.9846
0.9838
0.9829
0.9821
0.9838
0.9826
0.9813
0.9802
0.9790
0.98362
0.9824
0.9812
0.9800
0.9788
0.9820
0.9808
0.9797
0.9876
0.9776
0.9794
0.9778
0.9764
0.9750
0.9735
45
46
47
48
49
0.9338
0.9315
0.9292
0.9270
0.9247
0.9220
0.9197
0.9174
0.9150
0.9127
0.9191
0.9165
0.9141
0.9117
0.9093
0.9106
0.9082
0.9059
0.9036
0.9013
80
81
82
83
84
0.8528
0.8503
0.8479
0.8456
0.8432
0.8403
0.8379
0.8355
0.8331
0.8307
0.83979
0.8374
0.8350
0.8326
0.8302
0.8342
0.8317
0.8292
0.8268
0.8243
0.8273
0.8248
0.8224
0.8200
0.8175
15
16
17
18
19
0.9814
0.9806
0.9799
0.9792
0.9784
0.9779
0.9768
0.9756
0.9745
0.9730
0.9777
0.9765
0.9753
0.9741
0.9728
0.9765
0.9754
0.9743
0.9731
0.9717
0.9720
0.9705
0.9690
0.9675
0.9658
50
51
52
53
54
0.9224
0.9201
0.9178
0.9155
0.9132
0.91043
0.9081
0.9058
0.9035
0.9011
0.9069
0.9044
0.9020
0.8996
0.8971
0.8990
0.8966
0.8943
0.8919
0.8895
85
86
87
88
89
0.8408
0.8384
0.8360
0.8336
0.8311
0.8282
0.8259
0.8234
0.8209
0.8184
0.8278
0.8254
0.8229
0.8205
0.8180
0.8219
0.8194
0.8169
0.8145
0.8120
0.8151
0.8127
0.8201
0.8078
0.8053
20
21
22
23
24
0.9777
0.9768
0.9759
0.9749
0.9739
0.9719
0.9704
0.9690
0.9675
0.9660
0.97158
0.9703
0.9689
0.9674
0.9659
0.9703
0.9688
0.9669
0.9651
0.9634
0.9642
0.9624
0.9606
0.9587
0.9569
55
56
57
58
59
0.9109
0.9086
0.9063
0.9040
0.9017
0.8988
0.8964
0.8940
0.8917
0.8893
0.8946
0.8921
0.8896
0.8874
0.8850
0.8871
0.8847
0.8823
0.8800
0.8777
90
91
92
93
94
0.8287
0.8262
0.8237
0.8212
0.8186
0.8161
0.8136
0.8110
0.8085
0.8060
0.81553
0.8130
0.8104
0.8079
0.8052
0.8096
0.8072
0.8047
0.8023
0.7998
0.8029
0.8004
0.7979
0.7954
0.7929
25
26
27
28
29
0.9727
0.9714
0.9699
0.9684
0.9669
0.9643
0.9626
0.9608
0.9590
0.9570
0.9642
0.9624
0.9605
0.9586
0.9568
0.9615
0.9597
0.9577
0.9558
0.9540
0.9549
0.9529
0.9509
0.9488
0.9467
60
61
62
63
64
0.8994
0.8970
0.8947
0.8924
0.8901
0.8829
0.8805
0.8781
0.88690
0.8845
0.8821
0.8798
0.8775
0.8825
0.8800
0.8776
0.8751
0.8727
0.8752
0.8728
0.8704
0.8680
0.8656
95
96
97
98
99
0.8160
0.8133
0.8106
0.8078
0.8048
0.8034
0.8008
0.7981
0.7954
0.7926
0.8026
0.7999
0.7972
0.7945
0.7918
0.7973
0.7949
0.7925
0.7901
0.7877
0.7904
0.7878
0.7852
0.7826
0.7799
30
31
32
33
34
0.9652
0.9634
0.9615
0.9596
0.9577
0.9551
0.95493
0.9530
0.9510
0.9489
0.9468
0.9520
0.9500
0.9481
0.9460
0.9440
0.9446
0.9426
0.9405
0.9383
0.9361
65
66
67
68
69
0.8878
0.8854
0.8831
0.8807
0.8784
0.8757
0.8733
0.8710
0.8686
0.8662
0.8752
0.8728
0.8705
0.8682
0.8658
0.8702
0.8679
0.8656
0.8632
0.8609
0.8631
0.8607
0.8583
0.8559
0.8535
100
0.8016
0.7896
0.78913
0.7854
0.7770
*Two different observers; see International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 120.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-117
Glycerol*
Glycerol,
%
15 °C
15.5 °C
Density
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
Glycerol,
%
15 °C
Density
15.5 °C
20 °C
25 °C
Glycerol,
%
15 °C
30 °C
2-121
Density
15.5 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
100
99
98
97
96
1.26415 1.26381 1.26108 1.15802 1.25495
1.26160 1.26125 1.25850 1.25545 1.25235
1.25900 1.25865 1.25590 1.25290 1.24975
1.25645 1.25610 1.25335 1.25030 1.24710
1.25385 1.25350 1.25080 1.24770 1.24450
65
64
63
62
61
1.17030 1.17000 1.16750 1.16475 1.16195
1.16755 1.16725 1.16475 1.16200 1.15925
1.16480 1.16445 1.16205 1.15925 1.15650
1.16200 1.16170 1.15930 1.15655 1.15375
1.15925 1.15895 1.15655 1.15380 1.15100
30
29
28
27
26
1.07455 1.07435 1.07270 1.07070 1.06855
1.07195 1.07175 1.07010 1.06815 1.06605
1.06935 1.06915 1.06755 1.06560 1.06355
1.06670 1.06655 1.06495 1.06305 1.06105
1.06410 1.06390 1.06240 1.06055 1.05855
95
94
93
92
91
1.25130 1.25095 1.24825 1.24515 1.24190
1.24865 1.24830 1.24560 1.24250 1.23930
1.24600 1.24565 1.24300 1.23985 1.23670
1.24340 1.24305 1.24035 1.23725 1.23410
1.24075 1.24040 1.23770 1.23460 1.23150
60
59
58
57
56
1.15650 1.15615 1.15380 1.15105 1.14830
1.15370 1.15340 1.15105 1.14835 1.14555
1.15095 1.15065 1.14830 1.14560 1.14285
1.14815 1.14785 1.14555 1.14285 1.14010
1.14535 1.14510 1.14280 1.14015 1.13740
25
24
23
22
21
1.06150 1.06130 1.05980 1.05800 1.05605
1.05885 1.05870 1.05720 1.05545 1.05350
1.05625 1.05610 1.05465 1.05290 1.05100
1.05365 1.05350 1.05205 1.05035 1.04850
1.05100 1.05090 1.04950 1.04780 1.04600
90
89
88
87
86
1.23810 1.23775 1.23510 1.23200 1.22890
1.23545 1.23510 1.23245 1.22935 1.22625
1.23280 1.23245 1.22975 1.22665 1.22360
1.23015 1.22980 1.22710 1.22400 1.22095
1.22750 1.22710 1.22445 1.22135 1.21830
55
54
53
52
51
1.14260 1.14230 1.14005 1.13740 1.13470
1.13980 1.13955 1.13730 1.13465 1.13195
1.13705 1.13680 1.13455 1.13195 1.12925
1.13425 1.13400 1.13180 1.12920 1.12650
1.13150 1.13125 1.12905 1.12650 1.12380
20
19
18
17
16
1.04840 1.04825 1.04690 1.04525 1.04350
1.04590 1.04575 1.04440 1.04280 1.04105
1.04335 1.04325 1.04195 1.04035 1.03860
1.04085 1.04075 1.03945 1.03790 1.03615
1.03835 1.03825 1.03695 1.03545 1.03370
85
84
83
82
81
1.22485 1.22445 1.22180 1.21870 1.21565
1.22220 1.22180 1.21915 1.21605 1.21300
1.21955 1.21915 1.21650 1.21340 1.21035
1.21690 1.21650 1.21380 1.21075 1.20770
1.21425 1.21385 1.21115 1.20810 1.20505
50
49
48
47
46
1.12870 1.12845 1.12630 1.12375 1.12110
1.12600 1.12575 1.12360 1.12110 1.11845
1.12325 1.12305 1.12090 1.11840 1.11580
1.12055 1.12030 1.11820 1.11575 1.11320
1.11780 1.11760 1.11550 1.11310 1.11055
15
14
13
12
11
1.03580 1.03570 1.03450 1.03300 1.03130
1.03330 1.03320 1.03200 1.03055 1.02885
1.03080 1.03070 1.02955 1.02805 1.02640
1.02830 1.02820 1.02705 1.02560 1.02395
1.02575 1.02565 1.02455 1.02315 1.02150
80
79
78
77
76
1.21160 1.21120 1.20850 1.20545 1.20240
1.20885 1.20845 1.20575 1.20275 1.19970
1.20610 1.20570 1.20305 1.20005 1.19705
1.20335 1.20300 1.20030 1.19735 1.19435
1.20060 1.20025 1.19760 1.19465 1.19170
45
44
43
42
41
1.11510 1.11490 1.11280 1.11040 1.10795
1.11235 1.11215 1.11010 1.10775 1.10530
1.10960 1.10945 1.10740 1.10510 1.10265
1.10690 1.10670 1.10470 1.10240 1.10005
1.10415 1.10400 1.10200 1.09975 1.09740
10
9
8
7
6
1.02325 1.02315 1.02210 1.02070 1.01905
1.02085 1.02075 1.01970 1.01835 1.01670
1.01840 1.01835 1.01730 1.01600 1.01440
1.01600 1.01590 1.01495 1.01360 1.01205
1.01360 1.01350 1.01255 1.01125 1.00970
75
74
73
72
71
1.19785 1.19750 1.19485 1.19195 1.18900
1.19510 1.19480 1.19215 1.18925 1.18635
1.19235 1.19205 1.18940 1.18650 1.18365
1.18965 1.18930 1.18670 1.18380 1.18100
1.18690 1.18655 1.18395 1.18110 1.17830
40
39
38
37
36
1.10145 1.10130 1.09930 1.09710 1.09475
1.09875 1.09860 1.09665 1.09445 1.09215
1.09605 1.09590 1.09400 1.09180 1.08955
1.09340 1.09320 1.09135 1.08915 1.08690
1.09070 1.09050 1.08865 1.08655 1.08430
5
4
3
2
1
1.01120 1.01110 1.01015 1.00890 1.00735
1.00875 1.00870 1.00780 1.00655 1.00505
1.00635 1.00630 1.00540 1.00415 1.00270
1.00395 1.00385 1.00300 1.00180 1.00035
1.00155 1.00145 1.00060 0.99945 0.99800
70
69
68
67
66
1.18415 1.18385 1.18125 1.17840 1.17565
1.18135 1.18105 1.17850 1.17565 1.17290
1.17860 1.17830 1.17575 1.17295 1.17020
1.17585 1.17555 1.17300 1.17020 1.16745
1.17305 1.17275 1.17025 1.16745 1.16470
35
34
33
32
31
1.08800 1.08780 1.08600 1.08390 1.08165
1.08530 1.08515 1.08335 1.08125 1.07905
1.08265 1.08245 1.08070 1.07860 1.07645
1.07995 1.07975 1.07800 1.07600 1.07380
1.07725 1.07705 1.07535 1.07335 1.07120
0
0.99913 0.99905 0.99823 0.99708 0.99568
*Bosart and Snoddy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, (1928): 1378.
TABLE 2-118
Hydrazine (N2H4)*
%
d 15
4
%
d 15
4
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
1.0002
1.0013
1.0034
1.0077
1.0121
1.0164
1.0207
1.0248
1.0286
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.0305
1.038
1.044
1.047
1.046
1.040
1.030
1.011
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 55.
2-122
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-119
Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds*
d, dw, and ds are the density of the solution, pure water, and pure liquid solute, respectively, all in g/mL. ps is the wt % solute. 0.03255 means 2.55 × 10−4.
Section A
Name
Formula
Range, ps
A
B
18
15
0
4
15
20
25
15
0
25
20
18
25
0
15
30
20
25
18
20
25
21
21
0
15
20
25
15
15
25
20
25
20
15
20
15
18
25
25
25
25
20
25
20
20
0
30
20
15
0
15
17.5
20
25
15
80
25
25
25
18
25
25
18
25
15
17.5
20
30
40
50
60
0– 30
0– 6
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–100
0–100
0– 16
0– 89
0– 0.6
0– 7.9
0– 10
0– 62
0– 70
0– 78
0– 90
0– 32
0– 86
0– 50
0– 30
0– 97
0– 36
0– 65
0–100
0– 6
0– 5
0– 4.5
0– 95
0– 40
22– 96
0– 8
0– 8
0– 2.5
0– 8
0– 8
0– 9
0– 9
0– 12
0– 5
0– 9
0– 40
0– 40
0– 40
0– 40
0– 20
26– 51
26– 51
0– 60
0– 1.5
0– 4
0– 4
0– 9
0– 4
0– 4
0– 5
0– 65
0– 11
0– 70
0– 60
0– 10
0– 40
0– 60
0– 52
0– 5.5
0– 15
0– 50
0– 50
0– 50
0– 50
0– 50
0– 50
+0.03255
+0.03639
−0.03856
−0.027648
−0.021009
−0.021233
−0.021171
−0.021175
−0.033729
+0.025615
−0.021651
+0.03414
+0.035135
+0.024489
+0.024455
+0.024401
+0.023648
+0.023602
+0.023824
+0.024427
+0.024427
+0.0334
+0.021193
+0.021483
+0.02133
−0.02221
−0.02221
+0.022367
+0.022518
+0.021217
+0.021827
+0.021664
+0.02155
−0.02146
−0.02169
+0.0352
+0.0345
+0.0337
+0.03253
+0.02231
+0.0234
+0.023933
+0.023736
+0.02389
+0.0340
+0.023336
+0.023151
+0.03642
+0.023216
+0.025898
+0.02494
+0.02494
+0.025264
+0.025108
+0.02111
+0.03462
+0.02207
−0.04386
−0.04683
+0.0395
+0.039245
+0.03229
+0.02201
+0.02304
+0.024482
+0.024455
+0.024432
+0.024335
+0.024265
+0.024205
+0.024155
−0.0516
+0.04171
−0.05449
−0.041193
−0.059682
−0.053529
−0.05904
−0.042024
−0.041232
−0.02117
+0.04285
+0.04131
−0.04166
+0.042802
+0.042198
+0.041887
+0.05302
+0.05552
+0.041141
+0.05537
+0.05537
+0.0676
−0.05307
+0.052992
−0.05108
+0.0448
+0.0435
+0.05358
−0.05658
+0.053199
+0.05366
+0.0421
+0.043
+0.056
+0.0438
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
C2H4O
C2H5NO
Acetone
C3H6O
Acetonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Benzenepentacarboxylic acid
Butyl alcohol (n-)
C2H3N
C3H6O
C11H6O10
C4H10O
Butyric acid (n-)
C4H8O2
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Chloroacetic acid
C2H3ClO2
Citric acid (hydrate)
C6H3O7 + H2O
Dichloroacetic acid
C2H2Cl2O2
Diethylamine hydrochloride
Ethylamine hydrochloride
C4H12ClN
C2H8ClN
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Ethyl ether
tartrate
Formaldehyde
Formamide
C4H10O
C8H14O6
CH2O
CH3NO
Furfural
Isoamyl alcohol
C5H4O2
C5H12O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid
C4H8O2
Isovaleric acid
Lactic acid
Maleic acid
C5H10O2
C3H6O
C4H4O4
Malic acid
C4H6O5
Malonic acid
Methyl acetate
C3H4O4
C3H6O2
glucoside (α-)
C7H14O6
Nicotine
Nitrophenol (p-)
C10H14N2
C6H5NO3
Oxalic acid
C2H2O4
Phenol
C6H6O
Phenylglycolic acid
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
C8H8O3
C6H7N
C6H7N
Propionic acid
C3H6O2
Pyridine
Resorcinol
Succinic acid
C5H5N
C6H6O2
C4H6O4
Tartaric acid (d, l, or dl)
C4H6O6
*From International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 111–114.
d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cp3s
t, °C
−0.04282
+0.05186
+0.0575
+0.05957
+0.04175
+0.041066
−0.0574
+0.05996
+0.05975
+0.05454
−0.0455
−0.033185
−0.058
−0.058
−0.031996
−0.031607
−0.04283
−0.0686
+0.0423
−0.051405
−0.0513
−0.04172
−0.0599
−0.05204
+0.05519
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.041837
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.04185
+0.04185
C
−0.07588
+0.08272
−0.08624
−0.075327
−0.0856
+0.072984
+0.0611
−0.071291
+0.074366
+0.076549
+0.0722
+0.0717
+0.077534
+0.077534
−0.0747
−0.075248
−0.076005
+0.06542
−0.072529
+0.01544
+0.08978
−0.07687
+0.0441
+0.04254
+0.04208
−0.074167
+0.07361
−0.0828
−0.0819
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
TABLE 2-119
2-123
Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds (Concluded)
d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cp3s (Cont.)
Section A
Formula
t, °C
Range, ps
A
B
C
Tetraethyl ammonium chloride
Thiourea
C8H20ClN
CH4N2S
C2HCl3O2
Triethylamine hydrochloride
C6H16ClN
Trimethyl carbinol
C4H10O
Urea
CH4N2O
Urethane
Valeric acid (n-)
C3H7NO2
C5H10O2
0–63
0–7
0–61
10–30
0–94
0–54
0–100
0–100
0–12
0–51
0–35
0–10
0–56
0–3
+0.031884
+0.022995
+0.02499
+0.025053
+0.025051
+0.046
−0.02117
−0.021286
+0.023213
+0.022718
+0.022702
+0.022728
+0.021278
+0.0334
+0.056
+0.05374
+0.04153
+0.041387
+0.056119
+0.05558
−0.041908
−0.04176
−0.044802
+0.051552
+0.053712
−0.041817
−0.05245
−0.0427
+0.07122
Trichloroacetic acid
21
15
12.5
20
25
21
20
25
14.8
18
20
25
20
25
Name
Section B
d = ds + Apw + Bp 2w + Cp 3w
Name
Formula
ds
t, °C
Range, pw
A
B
Butyl alcohol (n-)
Butyric acid (n-)
Ethyl ether
C4H10O
C4H8O2
C4H10O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid
Nicotine
Picoline (α-)
(β-)
Pyridine
Trimethyl carbinol
C4H8O2
C10H14N2
C6H7N
C6H7N
C5H5N
C4H10O
0.8097
0.9534
0.7077
0.8170
0.8055
0.9425
1.0093
0.9404
0.9515
0.9776
0.7856
20
25
25
0
15
26
20
25
25
25
20
0–20
0–38
0– 1.1
0–14
0–16
0–80
0–40
0–30
0–40
0–40
0–20
+0.022103
+0.021854
+0.0234
+0.022437
+0.02224
+0.021808
+0.02199
+0.022715
+0.021925
+0.021157
+0.022287
−0.04113
−0.042314
+0.0336
−0.04285
−0.04129
−0.042358
−0.04331
−0.04393
−0.04352
−0.05536
+0.05275
Section C
+0.061038
−0.0869
+0.07957
+0.07887
+0.051216
+0.072573
−0.072285
+0.051379
−0.073437
C
+0.061253
+0.07315
+0.0625
−0.062
dt = do + At + Bt2
Formula
ps
do
Range, °C
A
B
Allyl alcohol
Butyl alcohol (n-)
C3H6O
C4H10O
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Ethyl tartrate
C7H14O6
Furfural
C5H4O2
Pyridine
C5H5N
76.60
80.95
2.00
10.00
5.00
10.00
25.00
4.62
5.69
6.56
9.34
21.20
29.50
40.40
0.9122
0.8614
1.0094
1.0476
1.0150
1.0270
1.0665
1.0125
1.0140
1.0155
1.0055
1.0115
1.0145
1.0182
0–45
0–43
7–80
7–80
15–80
15–80
15–80
22–74
22–74
22–74
11–73
14–73
12–72
9–74
−0.038
−0.037292
−0.042597
−0.047955
−0.032103
−0.032116
−0.03401
−0.03232
−0.03221
−0.03211
−0.03171
−0.03378
−0.03463
−0.03605
−0.0527
−0.0675
−0.054313
−0.054253
−0.052544
−0.062929
−0.0523
−0.05254
−0.05268
−0.05290
−0.053615
−0.05248
−0.05235
−0.05167
Name
2-124
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
TABLE 2-120
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids*
Water at 4 °C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Metals, Alloys, Ores
Aluminum, cast-hammered
bronze
Brass, cast-rolled
Bronze, 7.9 to 14% Sn
phosphor
2.55–2.80
7.7
8.4–8.7
7.4–8.9
8.88
165
481
534
509
554
Timber, Air-dry
Apple
Ash, black
white
Birch, sweet, yellow
Cedar, white, red
0.66–0.74
0.55
0.64–0.71
0.71–0.72
0.35
44
34
42
44
22
Copper, cast-rolled
ore, pyrites
German silver
Gold, cast-hammered
coin (U.S.)
8.8–8.95
4.1–4.3
8.58
19.25–19.35
17.18–17.2
556
262
536
1205
1073
Cherry, wild red
Chestnut
Cypress
Elm, white
Fir, Douglas
0.43
0.48
0.45–0.48
0.56
0.48–0.55
27
30
29
35
32
Iridium
Iron, gray cast
cast, pig
wrought
spiegeleisen
21.78–22.42
7.03–7.13
7.2
7.6–7.9
7.5
1383
442
450
485
468
balsam
Hemlock
Hickory
Locust
Mahogany
0.40
0.45–0.50
0.74–0.80
0.67–0.77
0.56–0.85
25
29
48
45
44
ferro-silicon
ore, hematite
ore, limonite
ore, magnetite
slag
6.7–7.3
5.2
3.6–4.0
4.9–5.2
2.5–3.0
437
325
237
315
172
Maple, sugar
white
Oak, chestnut
live
red, black
0.68
0.53
0.74
0.87
0.64–0.71
43
33
46
54
42
Lead
ore, galena
Manganese
ore, pyrolusite
Mercury
11.34
7.3–7.6
7.42
3.7–4.6
13.6
710
465
475
259
849
white
Pine, Norway
Oregon
red
Southern
white
0.77
0.55
0.51
0.48
0.61–0.67
0.43
48
34
32
30
38–42
27
Monel metal, rolled
Nickel
Platinum, cast-hammered
Silver, cast-hammered
Steel, cold-drawn
machine
tool
Tin, cast-hammered
cassiterite
Tungsten
8.97
8.9
21.5
10.4–10.6
7.83
7.80
7.70–7.73
7.2–7.5
6.4–7.0
19.22
555
537
1330
656
489
487
481
459
418
1200
Poplar
Redwood, California
Spruce, white, red
Teak, African
Indian
Walnut, black
Willow
0.43
0.42
0.45
0.99
0.66–0.88
0.59
0.42–0.50
27
26
28
62
48
37
28
Zinc, cast-rolled
blende
6.9–7.2
3.9–4.2
440
253
Various Solids
Cereals, oats, bulk
barley, bulk
corn, rye, bulk
wheat, bulk
Cork
Various Liquids
Alcohol, ethyl (100%)
methyl (100%)
Acid, muriatic, 40%
nitric, 91%
sulfuric, 87%
0.789
0.796
1.20
1.50
1.80
49
50
75
94
112
0.51
0.62
0.73
0.77
0.22–0.26
26
39
45
48
15
Chloroform
Ether
Lye, soda, 66%
Oils, vegetable
mineral, lubricants
1.500
0.736
1.70
0.91–0.94
0.88–0.94
95
46
106
58
57
Cotton, flax, hemp
Fats
Flour, loose
pressed
Glass, common
1.47–1.50
0.90–0.97
0.40–0.50
0.70–0.80
2.40–2.80
93
58
28
47
162
Turpentine
Water, 4°C max. density
100°C
ice
snow, fresh fallen
0.861–0.867
1.0
0.9584
0.88–0.92
0.125
54
62.428
59.830
56
8
plate or crown
crystal
dint
Hay and straw, bales
Leather
2.45–2.72
2.90–3.00
3.2–4.7
0.32
0.86–1.02
161
184
247
20
59
Paper
Potatoes, piled
Rubber, caoutchouc
goods
Salt, granulated, piled
0.70–1.15
0.67
0.92–0.96
1.0–2.0
0.77
58
44
59
94
48
Saltpeter
Starch
Sulfur
Wool
1.07
1.53
1.93–2.07
1.32
67
96
125
82
Substance
sea water
1.02–1.03
64
Ashlar Masonry
Bluestone
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone
Marble
Sandstone
2.3–2.6
2.4–2.7
2.1–2.8
2.4–2.8
2.0–2.6
153
159
153
162
143
Rubble Masonry
Bluestone
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone
Marble
Sandstone
2.2–2.5
2.3–2.6
2.0–2.7
2.3–2.7
1.9–2.5
147
153
147
156
137
*From Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Dry Rubble Masonry
Granite, syenite, gneiss
Limestone, marble
Sandstone, bluestone
1.9–2.3
1.9–2.1
1.8–1.9
130
125
110
Brick Masonry
Hard brick
Medium brick
Soft brick
Sand-lime brick
1.8–2.3
1.6–2.0
1.4–1.9
1.4–2.2
128
112
103
112
Concrete Masonry
Cement, stone, sand
slag, etc.
cinder, etc.
2.2–2.4
1.9–2.3
1.5–1.7
144
130
100
Various Building Materials
Ashes, cinders
Cement, Portland, loose
Lime, gypsum, loose
Mortar, lime, set
Portland cement
0.64–0.72
1.5
0.85–1.00
1.4–1.9
2.08–2.25
40–45
94
53–64
103
94–135
Portland cement
Slags, bank slag
bank screenings
machine slag
slag sand
3.1–3.2
1.1–1.2
1.5–1.9
1.5
0.8–0.9
196
67–72
98–117
96
49–55
Earth, etc., Excavated
Clay, dry
damp plastic
and gravel, dry
Earth, dry, loose
dry, packed
moist, loose
moist, packed
mud, flowing
mud, packed
Riprap, limestone
1.0
1.76
1.6
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.3–1.4
63
110
100
76
95
78
96
108
115
80–85
Riprap, sandstone
Riprap, shale
Sand, gravel, dry, loose
gravel, dry, packed
gravel, wet
1.4
1.7
1.4–1.7
1.6–1.9
1.89–2.16
90
105
90–105
100–120
126
Excavations in Water
Clay
River mud
Sand or gravel
and clay
Soil
Stone riprap
1.28
1.44
0.96
1.00
1.12
1.00
80
90
60
65
70
65
Asbestos
Barytes
Basait
Bauxite
Bluestone
2.1–2.8
4.50
2.7–3.2
2.55
2.5–2.6
153
281
184
159
159
Borax
Chalk
Clay, marl
Dolomite
Feldspar, orthoclase
1.7–1.8
1.8–2.8
1.8–2.6
2.9
2.5–2.7
109
143
137
181
162
Gneiss
Granite
Greenstone, trap
Gypsum, alabaster
Hornblende
Limestone
Marble
Magnesite
Phosphate rock, apatite
Porphyry
2.7–2.9
2.6–2.7
2.8–3.2
2.3–2.8
3.0
2.1–2.86
2.6–2.86
3.0
3.2
2.6–2.9
175
165
187
159
187
155
170
187
200
172
Substance
Minerals
SOLUBILITIES
TABLE 2-120
2-125
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids (Concluded)
Water at 4°C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft3
Substance
Bituminous Substances
Asphaltum
Coal, anthracite
bituminous
lignite
peat, turf, dry
1.1–1.5
1.4–1.8
1.2–1.5
1.1–1.4
0.65–0.85
81
97
84
78
47
charcoal, pine
charcoal, oak
coke
Graphite
Paraffin
0.28–0.44
0.47–0.57
1.0–1.4
1.64–2.7
0.87–0.91
23
33
75
135
56
Minerals (Cont.)
Pumice, natural
Quartz, flint
Sandstone
Serpentine
Shale, slate
0.37–0.90
2.5–2.8
2.0–2.6
2.7–2.8
2.6–2.9
40
165
143
171
172
Soapstone, talc
Syenite
2.6–2.8
2.6–2.7
169
165
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
96
107
95
82
92
Stone, Quarried, Piled
Basalt, granite, gneiss
Greenstone, hornblende
Limestone, marble, quartz
Sandstone
Shale
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft 3
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver.
density
lb/ft3
Bituminous Substances (Cont.)
Petroleum
refined (kerosene)
benzine
gasoline
Pitch
Tar, bituminous
0.87
0.78–0.82
0.73–0.75
0.70–0.75
1.07–1.15
1.20
54
50
46
45
69
75
Coal and Coke, Piled
Coal, anthracite
bituminous, lignite
peat, turf
charcoal
coke
0.75–0.93
0.64–0.87
0.32–0.42
0.16–0.23
0.37–0.51
47–58
40–54
20–26
10–14
23–32
NOTE: To convert pounds per cubic foot to kilograms per cubic meter, multiply by 16.02. °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
TABLE 2-121
Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of Temperature
Element symbol
Temperature,
K*
Al
Be†
Cr
Cu
Au
Ir
Fe
Pb
Mo
Ni
Pt
Ag
Zn†
50
100
150
200
250
2736
2732
2726
2719
2710
3650
3640
3630
3620
3610
7160
7155
7150
7145
7140
9019
9009
8992
8973
8951
19,490
19,460
19,420
19,380
19,340
22,600
22,580
22,560
22,540
22,520
7910
7900
7890
7880
7870
11,570
11,520
11,470
11,430
11,380
10,260
10,260
10,250
10,250
10,250
8960
8950
8940
8930
8910
21,570
21,550
21,530
21,500
21,470
10,620
10,600
10,575
10,550
10,520
7280
7260
7230
7200
7170
300
400
500
600
800
2701
2681
2661
2639
2591
3600
3580
3555
3530
7135
7120
7110
7080
7040
8930
8885
8837
8787
8686
19,300
19,210
19,130
19,040
18,860
22,500
22,450
22,410
22,360
22,250
7860
7830
7800
7760
7690
11,330
11,230
11,130
11,010
10,430
10,240
10,220
10,210
10,190
10,160
8900
8860
8820
8780
8690
21,450
21,380
21,330
21,270
21,140
10,490
10,430
10,360
10,300
10,160
7135
7070
7000
6935
6430
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2365
2305
2255
7000
6945
6890
6760
6700
8568
8458
7920
7750
7600
18,660
18,440
17,230
16,950
22,140
22,030
21,920
21,790
21,660
7650
7620
7520
7420
7320
10,190
9,940
10,120
10,080
10,040
10,000
9,950
8610
8510
8410
8320
7690
21,010
20,870
20,720
20,570
20,400
10,010
9,850
9,170
8,980
6260
21,510
7030
9,900
7450
20,220
2000
7460
NOTE: Above the horizontal line the condensed phase is solid; below the line, it is liquid.
*°R = 9⁄ 5 K.
†Polycrystalline form tabulated. Similar tables for an additional 45 elements appear in the Handbook of Heat Transfer, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984.
SOLUBILITIES
UNITS CONVERSIONS
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
To convert cubic centimeters to cubic feet, multiply by 3.532 × 10−5.
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch,
multiply by 0.01934.
To convert grams per liter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by
6.243 × 10−2.
A database containing solubilities originally published in the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)-National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Solubility Data Series
is now available at no cost online at http://srdata.nist.gov/solubility.
2-126
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures*
This table shows the grams of anhydrous substance that are soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100 cm3 of saturated solution. Solid
phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution.
Solid
phase
Substance
Formula
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Aluminum chloride
sulfate
Ammonium aluminum sulfate
bicarbonate
bromide
chloride
chloroplatinate
chromate
chromium sulfate
dichromate
dihydrogen phosphite
hydrogen phosphate
iodide
magnesium phosphate
manganese phosphate
nitrate
oxalate
perchlorate†
persulfate
sulfate
thiocyanate
vanadate (meta)
Antimonious fluoride
sulfide
Arsenic oxide
Arsenious sulfide
AlCl3
Al2(SO4)3
(NH4)2Al2(SO4)4
NH4HCO3
NH4Br
NH4Cl
(NH4)2PtCl6
(NH4)2CrO4
(NH4)2Cr2(SO4)4
(NH4)2Cr2O7
NH4H2PO3
(NH4)2HPO4
NH4I
NH4MgPO4
NH4MnPO4
NH4NO3
(NH4)2C2O4
NH4ClO4†
(NH4)2S2O8
(NH4)2SO4
NH4CNS
NH4VO3
SbF3
Sb2S3
As2O5
As2S3
6H2O
18H2O
24H2O
27
28
29
Barium acetate
acetate
carbonate
Ba(C2H3O2)2
Ba(C2H3O2)2
BaCO3
3H2O
1H2O
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
chlorate
chloride
chromate
hydroxide
iodide
iodide
nitrate
nitrite
oxalate
Ba(ClO3)2
BaCl2
BaCrO4
Ba(OH)2
BaI2
BaI2
Ba(NO3)2
Ba(NO2)2
BaC2O4
1H2O
2H2O
3H2O
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
perchlorate
sulfate
Beryllium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Boric acid
Boron oxide
Bromine
Cadmium chloride
chloride
chloride
cyanide
hydroxide
Ba(ClO4)2
BaSO4
BeSO4
BeSO4
BeSO4
H3BO3
B2O3
Br2
CdCl2
CdCl2
CdCl2
Cd(CN)2
Cd(OH)2
52
53
54
sulfate
Calcium acetate
acetate
CdSO4
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Ca(C2H3O2)2
0 °C
31.2
2.1
11.9
60.6
29.4
10 °C
33.5
4.99
15.8
68
33.3
0.7
171
1H2O
154.2
0.023
118.3
2.2
11.56
58.2
70.6
119.8
163.2
3.1
73.0
144
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
100 °C
40.4
10.94
27
83.2
41.4
46.1
14.88
52.2
20.10
59.2
26.70
66.1
73.0
80.8
89.0
109.796°
91.1
45.8
99.2
50.4
107.8
55.2
116.8
60.2
126
65.6
135.6
71.3
145.6
77.3
1.25
190.5
0.036
0
297.0
8.0
30.58
199.6
0.030
208.9
0.040
0
421.0
218.7
0.016
0.005
499.0
228.8
0.019
0.007
580.0
59.5
5.17 × 10−5
at 18°
59
20.34
31.6
0.0002
1.67
170.2
5.0
1H2O
205.8
1.15 × 10−4
19014.5°
13115
172.3
0.052
0
192
4.4
20.85
62.1
75.4
170
0.48
444.7
0.00017518°
65.8
63
71
0.00168°
0.002218°
26.95
33.3
0.00028
2.48
185.7
33.80
35.7
0.00037
3.89
203.1
384.7
8H2O
6H2O
2H2O
30 °C
10.7825°
24II2O
6H2O
7H2O
20 °C
69.8615°
36.4
7.74
21
75.5
37.2
7.0
0.00168°
9.2
67.5
0.002218°
2.0 × 10−4
289.1
2.4 × 10−4
6H2O
4H2O
2H2O
4H2O
2aH2O
1H2O
2H2O
1H2O
2.66
1.1
4.22
97.59
90.01
76.48
37.4
3.57
1.5
3.4
125.1
5.04
2.2
3.20
135.1
134.5
1.715°
40.4
47.17
26031°
181.4
241.8
5.9
344.0
10.3
39.05
78.0
207.7
0.84
563.6
81.0
69.5
71.2
75
0.0024
at 24.2°
41.70
38.2
0.00046
5.59
219.6
79
77
74
74
49.61
40.7
43.6
66.81
46.4
49.4
8.22
11.6
1.32
88.0
1.78
250.3
740.0
871.0
48.19
57.01
95.3
103.3
75.1
76.7
3.05
73.0
75
84.84
52.4
13.12
20.94
101.4
231.9
14.2
17.1
247.3
20.3
261.0
27.0
205.8
358.7
426.3
104.9
58.8
271.7
34.2
300
0.0024
at 24.2°
2.85 × 10−4
52
43.78
6.60
495.2
562.3
60.67
46.74
8.72
4.0
62
11.54
14.81
6.2
16.73
84.76
23.75
9.5
83
98
30.38
100
110
40.25
15.7
3.13
132.1
76.00
36.0
76.60
34.7
135.3
136.5
140.4
78.54
33.2
83.68
32.7
33.5
147.0
2.6 × 10−4
at 25°
33.8
63.13
60.77
31.1
29.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Calcium bicarbonate
chloride
chloride
fluoride
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrate
nitrate
nitrite
nitrite
oxalate
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCl2
CaCl2
CaF2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO2)2
Ca(NO2)2
CaC2O4
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
sulfate
Carbon dioxide, 760 mm ‡
monoxide, 760 mm ‡
Cesium chloride
nitrate
sulfate
Chlorine, 760 mm ‡
Chromic anhydride
Cuprio chloride
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfide
CaSO4
CO2
CO
CsCl
CsNO3
Cs2SO4
Cl2
CrO3
CuCl2
Cu(NO3)2
Cu(NO3)2
CuSO4
CuS
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Cuprous chloride
Ferric chloride
Ferrous chloride
chloride
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
Hydrobromic acid, 760 mm
Hydrochloric acid, 760 mm
Iodine
Lead acetate
bromide
carbonate
chloride
chromate
fluoride
nitrate
sulfate
Magnesium bromide
chloride
hydroxide
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Manganous sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Mercurous chloride
Molybdic oxide
Nickel chloride
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
Nitric oxide, 760 mm
Nitrous oxide
CuCl
FeCl3
FeCl2
FeCl2
Fe(NO3)2
FeSO4
FeSO4
HBr
HCl
I2
Pb(C2H3O2)2
PbBr2
PbCO3
PbCl2
PbCrO4
PbF2
Pb(NO3)2
PbSO4
MgBr2
MgCl2
Mg(OH)2
Mg(NO3)2
MgSO4
MgSO4
MgSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
MnSO4
HgCl
MoO3
NiCl2
Ni(NO3)2
Ni(NO3)2
NiSO4
NiSO4
NO
N2O
6H2O
2H2O
4H2O
3H2O
16.15
59.5
0.185
102.0
65.0
0.176
115.3
16.60
74.5
0.001618°
0.165
129.3
17.05
17.50
17.95
18.40
102
0.001726°
0.153
152.6
136.8
0.141
195.9
237.5
0.128
0.116
141.7
0.106
147.0
0.094
152.7
0.085
62.07
2H2O
0.1759
0.3346
0.0044
161.4
9.33
167.1
1.46
164.9
70.7
81.8
2H2O
6H2O
3H2O
5H2O
363.6
76.68
6.7 × 10−4
at 13°
0.1928
0.2318
0.0035
174.7
14.9
173.1
0.980
0.1688
0.0028
186.5
23.0
178.7
0.716
73.76
95.28
77.0
125.1
14.3
17.4
74.4
81.9
64.5
4H2O
6.8 × 10−4
at 25°
20.7
3.3 × 10−5
at 18°
1.5225°
91.8
9.5 × 10−4
at 50°
0.2090
0.1257
0.0024
197.3
33.9
184.1
0.562
132.6
80.34
14 × 10−4
at 95°
0.2097
0.0973
0.0021
208.0
47.2
189.9
0.451
174.0
83.8
25
159.8
28.5
33.3
77.3
315.1
82.5
73.0
0.0761
0.0018
218.5
64.4
194.9
0.386
182.1
87.44
0.2047
0.0576
0.0015
229.7
83.8
199.9
0.324
151.9
244.8
0.1966
91.2
99.2
0.1619
0
0
270.5
197.0
220.3
0
206.8
107.9
178.8
40
207.8
55
75.4
88.7
525.8
100
0.0013
239.5
107.0
205.0
0.274
0.0010
250.0
134.0
210.3
0.219
0.0006
260.1
163.0
214.9
0.125
217.5
535.7
105.3
6H2O
7H2O
1H2O
71.02
15.65
20.51
83.8
26.5
210.3
198
0.029
3H2O
0.4554
0.6728
6H2O
6H2O
6H2O
7H2O
6H2O
1H2O
7H2O
5H2O
4H2O
1H2O
38.8
0.0028
91.0
52.8
0.060
48.3
0.0035
94.5
53.5
32.9
40.2
48.6
67.3
0.04
55.0425°
1.15
63.3
0.056
171.5
59.6
0.078
56.1
1.53
1.94
2.36
3.34
4.75
1.20
1.45
1.70
1.98
2.62
3.34
85
95
115
38.8
104.1
107.5
61.0
113.7
66.0
120.2
73.0
0.068
66
0.0049
99.2
66.55
40.8
53.23
30.9
42.2
60.01
59.5
0.00014
2H2O
6H2O
6H2O
3H2O
7H2O
6H2O
0.85
0.00011
0.99
7 × 10−6
0.064
56.5
0.0041
96.5
54.5
0.000918°
53.9
79.58
59.5
27.22
32
0.00984
0.00757
0.1705
35.5
44.5
40.8
45.3
62.9
64.5
67.76
66.44
0.0002
0.138
64.2
96.31
105.8
165.6
50.9
221.2
82.3
0.077
281.5
358.7
4H2O
2H2O
159
0.264
68.9
75
0.0056
101.6
57.5
43.6
130
84.74
45.6
68.8
0.0007
0.476
73.3
122.2
37.3
137.0
50.4
53.5
59.5
64.2
62.9
69.0
74.0
68.3
72.6
58.17
55.0
52.0
48.0
42.5
34.0
0.687
78.3
1.206
82.2
2.055
85.2
2.106
163.1
169.1
54.80
0.00324
59.44
0.00267
87.6
235.1
42.46
0.00618
0.1211
0.00517
0.00440
50.15
0.00376
63.17
0.00199
0.00114
76.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
2-127
*By N. A. Lange; abridged from “Table of Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures” in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961 (except for NaCl, which is from CRC Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, 2005). For tables of the solubility of gases in water at various temperatures, Atack (Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957) gives values at closer temperature intervals, usually 1 or 5 °C, than are tabulated
here. For materials marked by ‡, additional data are given in tables subsequent to this one. For the solubility of various hydrocarbons in water at high pressures see J. Chem. Eng. Data, 4, 212 (1959).
2-128
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures (Continued)
Substance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Potassium acetate
acetate
alum
bicarbonate
bisulfate
bitartrate
carbonate
chlorate
chloride
chromate
dichromate
ferricyanide
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
perchlorate
permanganate
persulfate†
sulfate
thiocyanate
Silver cyanide
nitrate
sulfate
Sodium acetate
acetate
bicarbonate
carbonate
carbonate
chlorate
chloride
chromate
chromate
chromate
dichromate
dichromate
dihydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
hydrogen arsenate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
hydroxide
hydroxide
hydroxide
hydroxide
nitrate
nitrite
oxalate
phosphate, tripyrophosphate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfide
sulfide
sulfide
sulfite
sulfite
tetraborate
tetraborate
vanadate (meta)
Formula
KC2H3O2
KC2H3O2
K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3
KHCO3
KHSO4
KHC4H4O6
K2CO3
KClO3
KCl
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
K3Fe(CN)6
KOH
KOH
KNO3
KNO2
KClO4
KMnO4
K2S2O8†
K2SO4
KCNS
AgCN
AgNO3
Ag2SO4
NaC2H3O2
NaC2H3O2
NaHCO3
Na2CO3
Na2CO3
NaClO8
NaCl
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4
Na2CrO4
Na2Cr2O7
Na2Cr2O7
NaH2PO4
NaH2PO4
NaH2PO4
Na2HAsO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
NaNO3
NaNO2
Na2C2O4
Na3PO4
Na4P2O7
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
Na2SO4
Na2S
Na2S
Na2S
Na2SO3
Na2SO3
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7
NaVO8
Solid
phase
1aH2O
aH2O
24H2O
2H2O
2H2O
1H2O
†
3H2O
10H2O
1H2O
10H2O
4H2O
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
216.7
233.9
255.6
283.8
323.3
3.0
22.4
36.3
0.32
105.5
3.3
27.6
58.2
5
31
97
4.0
27.7
5.9
33.2
51.4
0.53
110.5
7.4
34.0
61.7
12
43
112
8.39
39.1
11.70
45.4
67.3
1.32
116.9
14
40.0
65.2
26
60
0.40
108
5
31.0
60.0
7
36
103
13.3
278.8
0.75
2.83
1.62
7.35
177.0
20.9
122
0.573
36.3
119
6.9
7
170
0.695
40.8
121
8.15
12.5
31.6
298.4
1.80
6.4
4.49
11.11
217.5
2.2 × 10−5
222
0.796
46.5
123.5
9.6
21.5
79
35.65
31.70
89
35.72
50.17
101
35.89
88.7
1.05
4.4
2.60
9.22
0.90
113.7
10.5
37.0
63.4
20
50
126
45.8
2.6
9.0
7.19
12.97
63.9
334.9
4.4
12.56
9.89
14.76
50 °C
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
337.3
17.00
350
24.75
60.0
364.8
40.0
380.1
71.0
396.3
109.0
1.83
121.2
19.3
42.6
66.8
34
2.46
126.8
24.5
45.5
68.6
43
66
138
169
202
6.5
16.89
9
22.2
11.8
14.8
18
178
246
412.8
21.8
16.50
18.17
19.75
21.4
22.8
24.1
1.22
669
1.30
1.36
952
1.41
455
1.08
83
134
14.45
525
1.15
139
139.5
16.4
48.5
126
36.37
140
36.69
46.4
155
37.04
88.7
95.96
104
114.6
177.8
2H2O
1H2O
57.9
69.9
85.2
106.5
138.2
12H2O
12H2O
7H2O
2H2O
7.3
1.67
15.5
3.6
26.5
7.7
37
20.8
47
4H2O
3aH2O
1H2O
42
54.0
73.9
70
121.6
6.95
155.7
57
56.7
75.6
80
82.6104
110.0
376
0.979
65.5
129.5
12.7
163.0
147.5
140
85.5
300
0.888
54.5
126
11.1
38.8
50.5
113
36.09
2H2O
48.3
70.4
52
4.6
139.8
38.5
51.1
72.1
61
133.1
100 °C
244.8
146
153
161
170
172
37.46
45.8
189
37.93
38.47
45.5
230
38.99
123.0
316.7
124.8
376.2
125.9
426.3
158.6
179.3
65
190.3
207.3
85
225.3
82.9
88.1
92.4
102.9
246.6
51.8
80.2
102.2
51.5
109
119
129
145
174
96
91.6
104
98.4
114
104.1
124
148
132.6
20
9.95
40.8
31
13.50
43
17.45
55
21.83
81
30.04
347
180
163.2
6.33
108
40.26
48.8
28.5
46.7
45.3
43.7
42.5
39.82
36.4
42.69
39.1
28.2
10.5
28.8
20.3
313
12H2O
10H2O
10H2O
7H2O
9H2O
5aH2O
6H2O
7H2O
73
72.1
80
78.0
1.5
3.16
5.0
19.5
4.1
3.95
9.0
30
88
84.5
3.7
11
6.23
19.4
44
15.42
18.8
22.5
13.9
20
26.9
36
1.3
1.6
2.7
3.9
28
10H2O
5H2O
2H2O
15.325°
30.2
68.4
45.73
43.31
51.40
49.14
24.4
31.5
59.23
57.28
28.3
41
52.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures (Concluded)
Substance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Sodium vanadate (meta)
Stannous chloride
sulfate
Strontium acetate
acetate
chloride
chloride
nitrate
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
Sulfur dioxide, 760 mm†
Thallium sulfate
Thorium sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Zinc chlorate
chlorate
nitrate
nitrate
sulfate
sulfate
sulfate
Formula
NaVO3
SnCl2
SnSO4
Sr(C2H3O2)2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
SrCl2
SrCl2
Sr(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2
SrSO4
SO2
Tl2SO4
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
Th(SO4)2
ZnClO3
ZnClO3
Zn(NO3)2
Zn(NO3)2
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
Solid
phase
0 °C
10 °C
9H2O
8H2O
6H2O
4H2O
6H2O
4H2O
6H2O
3H2O
7H2O
6H2O
1H2O
36.9
43.5
43.61
42.95
47.7
52.7
40.1
0.0113
22.83
2.70
0.74
1.0
1.50
145.0
30 °C
21.1025°
269.815°
19
83.9
4H2O
aH2O
6H2O
2H2O
1H2O
4H2O
20 °C
41.6
52.9
40 °C
0.0114
11.29
4.87
1.38
1.62
1.90
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
32.97
36.9
38.875°
36.24
36.10
85.9
90.5
90 °C
100 °C
18
39.5
58.7
65.3
64.0
70.5
16.21
3.70
0.98
1.25
50 °C
26.23
88.6
0.0114
7.81
6.16
1.995
37.35
72.4
81.8
83.8
97.2
90.1
5.41
2.998
4.5
9.21
5.22
4.04
2.54
223.2
273.1
2.45
36.4
130.4
100.8
139
93.8
96
98
100
10.92
12.74
14.61
16.53
18.45
6.64
1.63
1.09
86.6
83.7
80.8
152.5
200.3
118.3
94.78
209.2
206.9
41.9
47
54.4
70.1
76.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2-129
2-130
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-123
Solubility as a Function of Temperature and Henry’s Constant at 25°C for Gases in Water
Name
Formula
A
B
C
D
T range, K
H at 25 °C, atm
Acetylene
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
Methane
Nitrogen
Oxygen
C2H2
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
N2
O2
−156.51
−159.854
−171.764
−250.812
−153.027
−105.9768
−125.939
−338.217
−181.587
−171.2542
8,160.2
8,741.68
8,296.9
12,695.6
7,965.2
4,259.62
5,528.45
13,282.1
8,632.13
8,391.24
21.403
21.6694
23.3376
34.7413
20.5248
14.0094
16.8893
51.9144
24.7981
23.24323
0
−1.10261E-03
0
0
0
0
0
−0.0425831
0
0
274–343
273–353
273–353
275–323
287–346
273–348
273–345
273–523
273–350
273–333
1,330
1,635
58,000
29,400
11,726
142,900
70,800
39,200
84,600
43,400
The constants can be used to calculate solubility by the equation ln x = A + B/T + C ln T + DT, where T is in K and x is the mole fraction of the solute dissolved in
water when the solute partial pressure is 1 atm. With the assumption that Henry’s law is valid up to 1 atm, H = 1/x. Values of the constants are from P. G. T. Fogg and
W. Gerrard, Solubility of Gases in Liquids, Wiley, 1991, New York, and Solubility Data Series, vol. 1, Helium and Neon, IUPAC, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. For
higher-temperature behavior and an up-to-date reference list, see R. Fernandez-Prini, J. L. Alvarez, and A. H. Harvey, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 32(2):903, 2003. To
find H at temperatures other than 25 °C, first find the solubility and then take the reciprocal.
TABLE 2-124 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H, atm
Rating
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Octane
Nonane
74828
74840
74986
106978
109660
111659
111842
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C8H18
C9H20
36,600
26,700
37,800
51,100
70,000
274,000
329,000
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
74851
115071
C2H4
C3H6
11,700
11,700
3
4
Olefins
Ethylene
Propylene
Aromatics
Benzene
Toluene
o-Xylene
Cumene
Phenol
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H, atm
Rating
74873
75003
108907
CH3Cl
C2H5Cl
C6H5Cl
556
681
204
?
10
10
67561
64175
71238
71363
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O
C4H10O
0.272
0.272
0.507
0.482
4
4
3
3
107131
75183
624920
74931
75081
110861
C3H3N
C2H6S
C2H6S2
CH4S
C2H6S
C5H5N
5.54
121
68.1
177
161
0.817
3
3
3
3
3
3
Chlorine Containing
Paraffin Hydrocarbons
71432
108883
95476
98828
108952
C6H6
C7H8
C8H10
C9H12
C6H6O
299
354
272
724
0.0394
10
10
10
9
7
Methyl chloride
Chloroethane
Chlorobenzene
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
1-Propanol
1-Butanol
Miscellaneous
Acrylonitrile
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl disulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Ethyl mercaptan
Pyridine
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AIChE, the DIPPR
Acetaldehyde
75,070
C2H4O
5.56
3
Environmental Safety Property Data and Estimations Streering Committee and
Propanal
123,386
C3H6O
4.36
4
of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee.
Their source should be cited as T. N. Rogers, D. A. Zei, R. L. Rowley, W. V.
Ketones
Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner,
Methyl ethyl ketone
78,933
C4H8O
2.59
5
DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for
Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). Flammability limits are from B.
Esters
Lewis and G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1987). Flash point data are from N. I. Sax,
Methyl formate
107313
C2H4O2
13.6
3
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 6th ed, New York: Van Nostrand
Ethyl formate
109944
C3H6O2
13.6
3
Reinhold (1984). Autoignition data are from I. Glassman, Combustion, 3d ed,
Methyl acetate
79209
C3H6O2
5.04
3
New York: Academic Press (1996). The ratings reflect DIPPR® ESP’s effort to
Butyl acetate
123864
C6H12O2
13.6
3
provide a critical evaluation and quality assessment of each data point with 15
being the highest score possible. The rating is not directly correlated with the estimated experimental uncertainty. The ratings reflect DIPPR Project 911’s effort to
provide a critical evaluation and quality assessment of each data point, with 10 being the highest score possible. The rating is not directly correlated with the estimated
experimental uncertainty. Henry’s constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured at one temperature, if used for calculation at a
different temperature, can lead to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of single-point values over the ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are presented in Sec. 22, p. 22–49, under “Estimating Henry’s law constants.” Estimation procedures for the larger range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and
A. H. Harvey, “Avoid Common Pitfalls When Using Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9), 2007. See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam
Stripping for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary Material, which contains the databank of 404 compounds of environmental interest and other useful property data.).
Aldehydes
The H in Tables 2-123 to 2-134 is the proportionality constant in
Henry’s law, p = Hx, where x is the mole fraction of the solute in the
aqueous liquid phase; p is the partial pressure in atm of the solute in
the gas phase; and H is a proportionality constant, generally referred
to as Henry’s constant. Values of H often have considerable uncertainty and are strong functions of temperature. To convert values of H
at 25°C from atm to atm/(mol/m3), divide by the molar density of
water at 25°C, which is 55,342 mol/m3. Henry’s law is valid only for
dilute solutions.
Additional values of Henry’s constant can be found in “Environmental
Simulation Program”: OLI Systems, Inc., Morris Plains, N.J; “Estimated
Henry’s Law Constant,” EPA Online Tools for Site Assessment
Calculation (http://www.epa.gov/athens/learn2model/part-two/onsite/
esthenry.htm); “Compilation of Henry’s Law Constants for Inorganic
and Organic Species of Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry,” Rolf Sander, Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute of
Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; “Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles,”
Rolf Sander, Surv. Geophys. 20:1–31, 1999 (http://www.henrys-law.org).
SOLUBILITIES
TABLE 2-125 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in
Water at 25 °C from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients
TABLE 2-126
∞
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H=
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Benzene
Toluene
o-Xylene
Cumene
Styrene
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Propanal
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl n-propyl ketone
Formic acid
Methyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Chloroethane
1-Chloropropane
Chlorobenzene
Methanol
Ethanol
Pyridine
Diethyl ether
Thiophene
109660
1100543
142825
71432
108883
95476
98,828
100425
50000
75070
123386
67641
78933
107879
64186
79209
141786
123864
75003
74986
108907
67561
64175
110861
60297
110021
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C6H6
C7H8
C8H10
C9H12
C8H8
CH2O
C2H4O
C3H6O
C3H6O
C4H8O
C5H10O
CH2O2
C3H6O2
C4H8O2
C6H12O2
C2H5Cl
C3H7Cl
C6H5Cl
CH4O
C2H6O
C5H5N
C4H10O
C4H4S
63700
84600
120000
309
344
267
613
145
14.3
4.54
5.45
2.13
3.11
4.60
0.0404
6.38
8.01
12.3
626
792
219
0.263
0.293
0.544
48.7
160
Pvp, atm
2-131
Air*
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−4 × H†
4.32
4.88
5.49
6.07
6.64
7.20
7.71
8.23
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−4 × H†
8.70
9.11
9.46
10.1
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.7
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257.
†H is calculated from the absorption coefficients of O2 and N2, taking into
consideration the correction for constant argon content.
TABLE 2-127
Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20 °C*
10 °C
Mass fraction
NH3 in liquid
0.0
0.00467
0.00495
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Henry’s constant H at 25 °C is the vapor pressure at 25 °C times the infinite
dilution activity coefficient, also at 25 °C. Infinite dilution activity coefficients
are from Mitchell and Jurs, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 38: 200 (1998). Henry’s
constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured
at one temperature, if used for calculation at a different temperature, can lead
to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of single-point values over the
ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are presented in Sec. 22, p. 22–49,
under “Estimating Henry’s law constants.” Estimation procedures for the larger
range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and A. H. Harvey, “Avoid
Common Pitfalls When Using Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9), 2007.
See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam Stripping for
Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary
Material, which contains the databank of 404 compounds of environmental
interest and other useful property data.)
20 °C
Mass fraction
NH3 in vapor
P, kPa
1.23
1.37
0.0
0.1
7.07
20.07
47.37
99.84
184.44
292.15
399.03
486.44
554.33
615.05
P, kPa
2.34
0.84164
0.95438
0.98565
0.99544
0.99848
0.99943
0.99975
0.99988
0.99995
1.0
2.60
11.95
32.34
73.85
150.56
269.50
416.63
560.61
678.61
771.87
857.48
Mass fraction
NH3 in vapor
0.0
0.1
0.82096
0.94541
0.98199
0.99393
0.99783
0.99913
0.99960
0.99980
0.99991
1.0
*Selected values from R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, J. Phys. Chem. Ref.
Data 27:63 (1998). This reference lists solubilities for temperatures from −70 to
340°C. Densities, enthalpies, and entropies are listed for both the two-phase
and single-phase regions for pressures up to 40 MPa.
TABLE 2-128 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)*
Liquid mol fraction CO2 × 103
Total pressure, atm
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
35 °C
50 °C
75 °C
100 °C
1
2
10
20
30
36
1.445
2.89
12.71
21.23
25.79
0.985
1.946
8.81
15.38
19.80
21.45
0.802
1.587
7.32
13.13
17.49
19.42
0.692
1.374
6.44
11.84
16.22
18.30
0.608
1.207
5.74
10.75
15.05
17.29
0.473
0.943
4.54
8.64
12.80
14.80
0.342
0.683
3.30
6.34
9.10
10.63
0.248
0.495
2.41
4.65
6.78
7.90
0.187
0.373
1.841
3.62
5.35
6.35
*Values selected from G. Houghton, A. M. McLean, and P. D. Ritchie, Chem. Eng. Sci. 6:132–137, 1957.
TABLE 2-129
Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)*
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10−3 × H
0.92
1.17
1.48
1.82
2.19
2.59
3.04
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 261.
2-132
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-130
Chlorine (Cl2)
Partial
pressure
of Cl2,
mmHg
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
5
10
30
50
100
0.488
0.679
1.221
1.717
2.79
0.451
0.603
1.024
1.354
2.08
0.438
0.575
0.937
1.210
1.773
0.424
0.553
0.873
1.106
1.573
0.412
0.532
0.821
1.025
1.424
0.398
0.512
0.781
0.962
1.313
150
200
250
300
350
3.81
4.78
5.71
2.73
3.35
3.95
4.54
5.13
2.27
2.74
3.19
3.63
4.06
1.966
2.34
2.69
3.03
3.35
1.754
2.05
2.34
2.61
2.86
1.599
1.856
2.09
2.31
2.53
400
450
500
550
600
5.71
6.26
6.85
7.39
7.97
4.48
4.88
5.29
5.71
6.12
3.69
3.98
4.30
4.60
4.91
3.11
3.36
3.61
3.84
4.08
2.74
2.94
3.14
3.33
3.52
650
700
750
800
900
8.52
9.09
9.65
10.21
6.52
6.90
7.29
7.69
8.46
5.21
5.50
5.80
6.08
6.68
4.32
4.54
4.77
4.99
5.44
3.71
3.89
4.07
4.27
4.62
9.27
10.84
13.23
17.07
21.0
7.27
8.42
10.14
13.02
15.84
5.89
6.81
8.05
10.22
12.32
4.97
5.67
6.70
8.38
10.03
18.73
21.7
24.7
27.7
30.8
14.47
16.62
18.84
20.7
23.3
11.70
13.38
15.04
16.75
18.46
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter
Cl2.8H2O2 separates
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Partial
pressure
of Cl2,
mmHg
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
100 °C
110 °C
5
10
30
50
100
0.383
0.492
0.743
0.912
1.228
0.369
0.470
0.704
0.863
1.149
0.351
0.447
0.671
0.815
1.085
0.339
0.431
0.642
0.781
1.034
0.326
0.415
0.627
0.747
0.987
0.316
0.402
0.598
0.722
0.950
150
200
250
300
350
1.482
1.706
1.914
2.10
2.28
1.382
1.580
1.764
1.932
2.10
1.294
1.479
1.642
1.793
1.940
1.227
1.396
1.553
1.700
1.831
1.174
1.333
1.480
1.610
1.736
1.137
1.276
1.413
1.542
1.661
400
450
500
550
600
2.47
2.64
2.80
2.97
3.13
2.25
2.41
2.55
2.69
2.83
2.08
2.22
2.35
2.47
2.59
1.965
2.09
2.21
2.32
2.43
1.854
1.972
2.08
2.19
2.29
1.773
1.880
1.986
2.09
2.19
650
700
750
800
900
3.29
3.44
3.59
3.75
4.04
2.97
3.10
3.23
3.37
3.63
2.72
2.84
2.96
3.08
3.30
2.55
2.66
2.76
2.87
3.08
2.41
2.50
2.60
2.69
2.89
2.28
2.37
2.47
2.56
2.74
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
4.36
4.92
5.76
7.14
8.48
3.88
4.37
5.09
6.26
7.40
3.53
3.95
4.58
5.63
6.61
3.28
3.67
4.23
5.17
6.05
3.07
3.43
3.95
4.78
5.59
2.91
3.25
3.74
4.49
5.25
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
9.83
11.22
12.54
13.88
15.26
8.52
9.65
10.76
11.91
13.01
7.54
8.53
9.52
10.46
11.42
6.92
7.79
8.65
9.49
10.35
6.38
7.16
7.94
8.72
9.48
5.97
6.72
7.42
8.13
8.84
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter
TABLE 2-131
Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
Vol % of ClO2
in gas phase
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
2.00
6.00
10.0
14.0
20.0
1.50
4.7
7.8
10.9
15.5
17.0
18.6
20.3
1.25
3.85
6.30
8.95
12.8
14.0
15.3
16.6
18.0
19.2
20.3
1.00
3.20
5.25
7.35
10.5
11.7
12.8
13.8
14.9
16.0
17.0
0.90
2.70
4.30
6.15
8.80
9.70
10.55
11.5
12.3
13.2
14.2
0.60
1.95
3.20
4.40
6.30
7.00
7.50
8.20
8.80
9.50
10.1
0.46
1.30
2.25
3.20
4.50
5.00
5.45
5.85
6.35
6.80
7.20
1
3
5
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Weight of ClO2, grams per liter of solution
Ishi, Chem. Eng. (Japan), 22:153 (1958).
TABLE 2-132
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Weights of
HCl per 100
weights of H2O
Partial pressure of HCl, mmHg
78.6
66.7
56.3
47.0
38.9
31.6
25.0
19.05
13.64
8.70
4.17
2.04
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
510
130
29.0
5.7
1.0
0.175
0.0316
0.0056
0.00099
0.000118
0.000018
840
233
56.4
11.8
2.27
0.43
0.084
0.016
0.00305
0.000583
0.000069
0.0000117
399
105.5
23.5
4.90
1.00
0.205
0.0428
0.0088
0.00178
0.00024
0.000044
627
188
44.5
9.90
2.17
0.48
0.106
0.0234
0.00515
0.00077
0.000151
Weights of
HCl per 100
weights of H2O
50 °C
80 °C
110 °C
78.6
66.7
56.3
47.0
38.9
31.6
25.0
19.05
13.64
8.70
4.17
2.04
535
141
35.7
8.9
2.21
0.55
0.136
0.0344
0.0064
0.00140
623
188
54.5
15.6
4.66
1.34
0.39
0.095
0.0245
760
253
83
28
9.3
3.10
0.93
0.280
Partial pressure of HCl, mm Hg
Enthalpy and phase-equilibrium data for the binary system HCl-H2O are
given by Van Nuys, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 39, 663 (1943).
TABLE 2-133
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−2 × H
2.68
3.15
3.67
4.23
4.83
5.45
6.09
6.76
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−2 × H
7.45
8.14
8.84
10.3
11.9
13.5
14.4
14.8
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 259.
THERMAL EXPANSION
TABLE 2-134
2-133
Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mmHg
Temperature, °C
g SO2 /
100 g H2O
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
120
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.02
0.38
1.15
2.10
3.17
0.04
0.66
1.91
3.44
5.13
0.07
1.07
3.03
5.37
7.93
0.12
1.68
4.62
8.07
11.8
0.19
2.53
6.80
11.7
17.0
0.29
3.69
9.71
16.5
23.8
0.43
5.24
13.5
22.7
32.6
1.21
12.9
31.7
52.2
73.7
2.82
27.0
63.9
104
145
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50
1.00
4.34
5.57
8.17
10.9
25.8
6.93
8.84
12.8
17.0
39.5
10.6
13.5
19.4
25.6
58.4
15.7
19.8
28.3
37.1
83.7
22.5
28.2
40.1
52.3
117
31.4
39.2
55.3
72.0
159
42.8
53.3
74.7
96.8
212
95.8
118
164
211
454
186
229
316
404
856
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
58.6
93.2
129
165
202
88.5
139
192
245
299
129
202
277
353
430
183
285
389
496
602
253
393
535
679
824
342
530
720
453
700
955
8.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
275
351
542
735
407
517
796
585
741
818
Condensed from Rabe, A. E. and Harris, J. F., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 8 (3), 333–336, 1963. Copyright © American Chemical Society and
reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.
THERMAL EXPANSION
UNITS CONVERSIONS
For this subsection, the following units conversion is applicable:
2, p. 93; metals, vol. 2, p. 459; petroleums, vol. 2, p. 145; porcelains,
vol. 2, pp. 70, 78; refractory materials, vol. 2, p. 83; solid insulators,
vol. 2, p. 310.
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32
THERMAL EXPANSION OF GASES
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
The tables given under this subject are reprinted by permission from
the Smithsonian Tables. For more detailed data on thermal expansion,
see International Critical Tables: tabular index, vol. 3, p. 1; abrasives,
vol. 2, p. 87; alloys, vol. 2, p. 463; building stones, vol. 2, p. 54; carbons,
vol. 2, p. 303; elements, vol. 1, p. 102; enamels, vol. 2, p. 115; glass, vol.
No tables of the coefficients of thermal expansion of gases are given in
this edition. The coefficient at constant pressure, 1/υ(∂υ/∂T)p, for an
ideal gas is merely the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. For
a real gas or liquid, both it and the coefficient at constant volume,
1/p (∂p/∂T)v, should be calculated either from the equation of state or
from tabulated PVT data.
2-134
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-135
Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements*
C is the true expansion coefficient at the given temperature; M is the mean coefficient between given temperatures; where one temperature is given, the true coefficient at that temperature is indicated; α and β are coefficients in formula lt = l0(1 + αt + βt2); l0 is length at 0 °C (unless otherwise indicated, when, if x is the reference
temperature, lt = lx[1 + α(t − tx) + β(t − tx)2]; lt is length at t °C).
Element
Temp., °C
C × 104
Aluminum
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Bismuth
Cadmium
Cadmium
Carbon, diamond
graphite
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Copper
Gold
Gold
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iridium
Iron, soft
cast
wrought
steel
Lead (99.9)
20
300
20
20
20
0
0
50
50
0.224
0.284
0.136
0.05
0.014
0.54
0.20⊥
0.012
0.06
20
20
200
20
0.123
0.162
0.170
0.140
40
0.417
20
0.065
40
20
20
20
0.1210
0.118
0.119
0.114
Magnesium
100
280
20
0.291
0.343
0.254
Manganese
20
0.233
Molybdenum†
20
0.053
Nickel
20
0.126
Osmium
Palladium
40
20
0.066
0.1173
Platinum
20
20
0.0887
0.0893
40
40
0
40
20
20
0.0850
0.0963
0.439
0.0763
0.1846
0.195
Potassium
Rhodium
Ruthenium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Steel, 36.4Ni
Tantalum†
20
0.065
Tellurium
Thallium
Tin
20
40
20
20
27
20‡
20‡
20
0.016
0.302
0.214
0.305
0.0444
0.643
0.125⊥
0.358
Tungsten†
Zinc
Temp. range, °C
M × 104
Temp. range, °C
α × 104
β × 106
100
500
20
0.235
0.311
0.080⊥
0,
500
0.22
0.009
20
−180, −140
−180, −140
0.103⊥
0.59
0.117⊥
20,
20,
100
100
0.526
0.214⊥
20, 100
0.068
100
300
17, 100
−191, 17
0.166
0.175
0.143
0.132
20,
6,
0,
500
121
625
0.086
0.121
0.161
0.0064
0.0040
0,
520
0.142
0.0022
−190,
0.837
0,
80
1070, 1720
0.0636
0.0679
0.0032
0.0011
0,
0,
0,
100,
750
750
750
240
0.1158
0.1170
0.1118
0.269
0.0053
0.0053
0.0053
0.011
+ 20,
500
0.2480
0.0096
20, 300
−142,
19
19, +305
0.216
0.0515
0.0501
0.0121
0.0057
0.0014
−190, + 20
+ 20, +300
500, 1000
0.1308
0.1236
0.1346
0.0166
0.0066
0.0033
−190, +100
0, 1000
−190, −100
0, + 80
0, 1000
0.1152
0.1167
0.0875
0.0890
0.0887
0.00517
0.0022
0.00314
0.00121
0.00132
−75, −112
0.0746
−75, −67
0, 875
20, 500
0,
50
260, 500
340, 500
20, 400
0.0182
0.1827
0.1939
0.72
0.144
0.136
0.0646
17
0, 100
0.11
20, 100
20, 200
0.291
0.300
−100, + 20
20, 100
0, 100
−190,
0
0, 100
25, 100
25, 500
0, 100
0.240
0.260
0.228
0.159
0.052
0.049
0.055
0.130
0,
6,
50
21
0.83
0.0876
0, 100
−3, +18
0, 100
0.660
0.0249
0.197
−190,
20,
20,
−78,
0,
−17
260
340
0
100
20
0.622
0.031
0.055
0.059
0.0655
0.272⊥
20
0, 100
−140, −100
+20, 100
+20, 100
0.154⊥
0.045
0.656
0.639
0.141⊥
8,
0.00479
0.00295
0.0009
95
0.2033
0.0263
−105, +502
+ 0, 400
0.0428
0.354
0.00058
0.010
*Smithsonian Tables. For more complete tabulations see Table 142, Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed.,
pp. 2239–2245. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Goldsmith, and Waterman, WADC-TR-58-476, 1959; Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, etc.
†Molybdenum, 300 to 2500 °C; lt = l300[1 + 5.00 × 10−6(t − 300) + 10.5 × 10−10(t − 300)2]
Tantalum, 300 to 2800 °C; lt = l300[1 + 6.60 × 10−6(t − 300) + 5.2 × 10−10(t − 300)2]
Tungsten, 300 to 2700 °C; lt = l300[1 + 4.44 × 10−6(t − 300) + 4.5 × 10−10(t − 300)2]
Beryllium, 20 to 100 °C; 12.3 × 10−6 per °C.
Columbium, 0 to 100 °C; 7.2 × 10−6 per °C.
Tantalum, 20 to 100 °C; 6.6 × 10−6 per °C.
‡These values for zinc were taken from Grüneisen and Goens, Z. Physik., 29:141 (1924).
THERMAL EXPANSION
TABLE 2-136
2-135
Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances*
The coefficient of cubical expansion may be taken as three times the linear coefficient. In the following table, t is the temperature or range of temperature, and C, the
coefficient of expansion.
Substance
Amber
Bakelite, bleached
Brass:
Cast
Wire
Wire
71.5 Cu + 27.7 Zn +
0.3 Sn + 0.5 Pb
71 Cu + 29 Zn
Bronze:
3 Cu + 1 Sn
3 Cu + 1 Sn
3 Cu + 1 Sn
86.3 Cu + 9.7 Sn + 4 Zn
97.6 Cu + hard
2.2 Sn + soft
0.2 P
Caoutchouc
Caoutchouc
Celluloid
Constantan
Duralumin, 94Al
{
Ebonite
Fluorspar, CaF2
German silver
Gold-platinum, 2 Au + 1 Pt
Gold-copper, 2 Au + 1 Cu
Glass:
Tube
Tube
Plate
Crown (mean)
Crown (mean)
Flint
Jena ther- 16III
mometer normal
}
t, °C
C × 104
Substance
t, °C
C × 104
0−30
0−09
20−60
0.50
0.61
0.22
Jena thermometer 59III
Jena thermometer 59III
Gutta percha
Ice
Iceland spar:
Parallel to axis
Perpendicular to axis
Lead tin (solder) 2 Pb
+ 1 Sn
Limestone
Magnalium
Manganin
Marble
Monel metal
0−100
−191–+16
20
−20–−1
0.058
0.424
1.983
0.51
0−80
0−80
0.2631
0.0544
0−100
25−100
12−39
15−100
25−100
25−600
0−16
16−38
38−49
0.2508
0.09
0.238
0.181
0.117
0.14
0.16
1.0662
1.3030
4.7707
40
0.0884
0−100
0−100
0−100
0.1875
0.1930
0.1783–0.193
40
0−100
0.1859
0.1906
16.6−100
16.6−350
16.6−957
40
0−80
0−80
0.1844
0.2116
0.1737
0.1782
0.1713
0.1708
16.7−25.3
20−70
4−29
20−100
20−300
25.3−35.4
0−100
0−100
0−100
0−100
0.657–0.686
0.770
1.00
0.1523
0.23
0.25
0.842
0.1950
0.1836
0.1523
0.1552
0−100
0−100
0−100
0−100
50−60
50−60
0−100
0.0833
0.0828
0.0891
0.0897
0.0954
0.0788
0.081
Paraffin
Paraffin
Paraffin
Platinum-iridium, 10 Pt
+ 1 Ir
Platinum-silver, 1 Pt +
2 Ag
Porcelain
Porcelain Bayeux
Quartz:
Parallel to axis
Parallel to axis
Perpend. to axis
Quartz glass
Quartz glass
Quartz glass
Rock salt
Rubber, hard
Rubber, hard
Speculum metal
Steel, 0.14 C, 34.5 Ni
0−100
20−790
1000−1400
0.1523
0.0413
0.0553
0−80
−190 to + 16
0−80
−190 to + 16
16 to 500
16 to 1000
40
0
−160
0−100
25−100
25−600
0.0797
0.0521
0.1337
−0.0026
0.0057
0.0058
0.4040
0.691
0.300
0.1933
0.037
0.136
Substance
t, °C
Topas:
Parallel to lesser horizontal axis
0−100
Parallel to greater horizontal axis
0−100
Parallel to vertical axis
0−100
Tourmaline:
Parallel to longitudinal
axis
0−100
Parallel to horizontal
axis
0−100
Type metal
16.6−254
Vulcanite
0−18
Wedgwood ware
0−100
Wood:
Parallel to fiber:
Ash
0−100
Beech
2.34
Chestnut
2.34
Elm
2.34
Mahogany
2.34
Maple
2.34
Oak
2.34
Pine
2.34
Walnut
2.34
Across the fiber:
Beech
2.34
Chestnut
2.34
Elm
2.34
Mahogany
2.34
Maple
2.34
Oak
2.34
Pine
2.34
Walnut
2.34
Wax white
10−26
Wax white
26−31
Wax white
31−43
Wax white
43−57
C × 104
0.0832
0.0836
0.0472
0.0937
0.0773
0.1952
0.6360
0.0890
0.0951
0.0257
0.0649
0.0565
0.0361
0.0638
0.0492
0.0541
0.0658
0.614
0.325
0.443
0.404
0.484
0.544
0.341
0.484
2.300
3.120
4.860
15.227
*Smithsonian Tables. For a more complete tabulation see Tables 143, 144. Smithsonian Physical Tables. 9th ed., 1954, also reprinted in American Institute of Physics
Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed., pp. 2239–2245, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. For data on many solids
prior to 1926, see Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10, pp. 1–52, 1926, translation available as N.A.S.A. RE 2-18-59W, 1959. For eight plastic solids below 300 K,
see Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, p. 331, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, 1959. For 11 other materials to 300 K, see Scott, loc. cit., p. 333. For quartz and silica, see
Cook, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 7, 285 (1956).
2-136
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-137
Volume Expansion of Liquids*
TABLE 2-138
If V0 is the volume at 0°, then at t° the expansion formula is Vt = V0(1 + αt +
βt2 + γt3). The table gives values of α, β, and γ, and of C, the true coefficient of
volume expansion at 20° for some liquids and solutions. The temperature range
of the observation is ∆t. Values for the coefficient of volume expansion of liquids
can be derived from the tables of specific volumes of the saturated liquid given
as a function of temperature later in this section. C = (dV/dt)/V0
C × 103
at 20°
Liquid
Range
α × 103
β × 106
γ × 108
Acetic acid
Acetone
Alcohol:
Amyl
Ethyl, 30% by volume
Ethyl, 50% by volume
Ethyl, 99.3% by volume
Ethyl, 500 atm pressure
Ethyl, 3000 atm pressure
Methyl
Benzene
Bromine
Calcium chloride:
5.8% solution
40.9% solution
Carbon disulfide
500 atm pressure
3000 atm pressure
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Ether
Glycerin
Hydrochloric acid,
33.2% solution
Mercury
Olive oil
Pentane
Potassium chloride,
24.3% solution
Phenol
Petroleum, 0.8467 density
Sodium chloride, 20.6%
solution
Sodium sulfate, 24%
solution
Sulfuric acid:
10.9% solution
100.0%
Turpentine
Water
16−107
0−54
1.0630
1.3240
0.12636
3.8090
1.0876 1.071
−0.87983 1.487
−15–80
18−39
0−39
0.9001
0.2928
0.7450
0.6573
10.790
1.85
1.18458 0.902
−11.87
0.730
27−46
1.012
2.20
0−40
0.866
0−40
0−61
11−81
0−59
0.524
1.1342
1.17626
1.06218
18−25
17−24
−34–60
0−50
0−50
0−76
0−63
−15–38
0.07878
0.42383
1.13980
0.940
0.581
1.18384
1.10715
1.51324
0.4853
0−33
0−100
0−33
0.4460
0.18182
0.6821
1.4646
0.215
0.0078
1.1405
3.09319
−0.539
1.6084
0.455
0.18186
0.721
1.608
16−25
36−157
0.2695
0.8340
2.080
0.10732
0.4446
0.353
1.090
24−120
0.8994
1.396
0.955
0−29
0.3640
1.237
0.414
11−40
0.3599
1.258
0.410
0−30
0.2835
2.580
0−30
0.5758 −0.432
−9−106 0.9003
1.9595
0−33 −0.06427 8.5053
0.387
0.558
−0.44998 0.973
−6.7900 0.207
1.12
1.3635
1.27776
1.87714
0.8741 1.199
0.80648 1.237
−0.30854 1.132
4.2742
0.8571
1.37065
0.250
0.458
1.91225 1.218
0.89881
4.66473
2.35918
0.4895
1.35135 1.236
−1.74328 1.273
4.00512 1.656
0.505
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 269. For a detailed discussion of mercury data,
see Cook, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 7, 285 (1956). For data on nitrogen and argon, see
Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
Bromoform1 7.7 − 50 °C.
Vt = 0.34204[1 + 0.00090411(t − 7.7) + 0.0000006766(t − 7.7)2]
0.34204 is the specific volume of bromoform at 7.7 °C.
Glycerin2 −62 to 0 °C.
Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t − 0.49 × 10−6t2)
0 − 80 °C.
Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t + 0.49 × 10−6t2)
3
Mercury 0 − 300 °C.
Vt − V0[1 + 10−8(18,153.8t + 0.7548t2 + 0.001533t2 + 0.00000536t4)]
1
Sherman and Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 50, 1119 (1928). (An obvious
error in their equation has been corrected.)
2
Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 91 (1928).
3
Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
Volume Expansion of Solids*
If v2 and v1 are the volumes at t2 and t1, respectively, then v2 = v1(1 + C∆t), C
being the coefficient of cubical expansion and ∆t the temperature interval.
Where only a single temperature is stated, C represents the true coefficient of
volume expansion at that temperature.
Substance
t or ∆t
C × 104
Antimony
Beryl
Bismuth
Copper†
Diamond
Emerald
Galena
Glass, common tube
hard
Jena, borosilicate 59 III
pure silica
Gold
Ice
Iron
Lead†
Paraffin
Platinum
Porcelain, Berlin
chloride
nitrate
sulfate
Quartz
Rock salt
Rubber
Silver
Sodium
Stearic acid
Sulfur, native
Tin
Zinc†
0−100
0−100
0−100
0−100
40
40
0−100
0−100
0−100
20−100
0−80
0−100
−20 to −1
0−100
0−100
20
0−100
20
0−100
0−100
20
0−100
50−60
20
0−100
20
33.8−45.4
13.2−50.3
0−100
0−100
0.3167
0.0105
0.3948
0.4998
0.0354
0.0168
0.558
0.276
0.214
0.156
0.0129
0.4411
1.1250
0.3550
0.8399
5.88
0.265
0.0814
1.094
1.967
1.0754
0.3840
1.2120
4.87
0.5831
2.13
8.1
2.23
0.6889
0.8928
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 268.
†See additional data below.
Aluminum1
100 − 530 °C.
V = V0(1 + 2.16 × 10−5t + 0.95 × 10−8t2)
1
Cadmium
130 − 270 °C.
V = V0(1 + 8.04 × 10−5t + 5.9 × 10−8t2)
1
Copper
110 − 300 °C.
V = V0(1 + 1.62 × 10−5t + 0.20 × 10−8t2)
Colophony2
0 − 34 °C.
V = V0(1 + 2.21 × 10−4t + 0.31 × 10−6t2)
34 − 150 °C.
V = V34[1 + 7.40 × 10−4(t − 34) + 5.91 × 10−6(t − 34)2]
1
Lead
100 − 280 °C.
V = V0(1 + 1.60 × 10−5t + 3.2 × 10−8t2)
2
Shellac
0 − 46 °C.
V = V0(1 + 2.73 × 10−4t + 0.39 × 10−6t2)
46 − 100 °C.
V = V46[1 + 13.10 × 10−4(t − 46) + 0.62 × 10−6(t − 46)2]
Silica (vitreous)3
0 − 300 °C.
Vt = V0[1 + 10−8(93.6t + 0.7776t2 − 0.003315t2 + 0.000005244t4)
Sugar (cane, amorphous)2 0 − 67 °C.
Vt = V0(1 + 2.34 × 10−4t + 0.14 × 10−6t2)
67 − 160 °C.
Vt = V67[1 + 5.02 × 10−4(t − 67) + 0.43 × 10−6(t − 67)2]
Zinc1
120 − 360 °C.
Vt = V0(1 + 8.50 × 10−5t + 3.9 × 10−8t2)
1
2
3
Uffelmann, Phil. Mag., (7) 10, 633 (1930).
Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 83 (1928).
Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT
2-137
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT
UNITS CONVERSIONS
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32; °R = 9⁄ 5 K
Joule-Thomson coefficients for substances listed in Table 2-184 are
given in tables in the Thermodynamic Properties section.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
To convert the Joule-Thomson coefficient, µ, in degrees Celsius per
atmosphere to degrees Fahrenheit per atmosphere, multiply by 1.8.
TABLE 2-139
To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by
14.504; to convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
Additional References Available for the Joule-Thomson Coefficient
Temp. range, °C
Pressure range, atm
<0
0–300
15, 19, 35
19, 35
39
31
39
7, 8, 37
7, 8, 37
1,* 22, 24
25
17
1,* 22, 24,
25
12, 15, 16
19, 35
28
39
31
26
7, 8, 9, 10
37
17
Gas
0–10
10–50
50–200
12, 15, 19
35
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Butane
Carbon dioxide
12, 15, 16
19, 35
28
39
31
26
7, 8, 28
37
17
39
31
26
7, 8, 37
Air
Carbon monoxide
Deuterium
Dowtherm A
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
17
22, 24, 25
1*
46
45
46
45
1, 38
24, 30
1, 38
22, 24, 25
30
6
Methane
Mixtures
Natural gas
Nitrogen
13, 28, 40
13, 40
Nitrous oxide
Pentane
Propane
Steam
26, 34, 44
41
28, 29, 42
34
43
29, 42, 47
>200
38
24, 30
46
45
9, 10
38
24
1, 38
22, 24, 25
30
6
33
13, 40
33
13
6
9, 11
33
9, 10, 13
28, 40
9, 10
26, 34, 44
43
28, 29, 42
45
33
13, 40
34
42, 47
>300
Other references
3, 4, 18
2, 3
31
46
48
13
19
29, 42, 47
29, 47
*See also 14 (generalized chart); 18 (review, to 1919); 20–22; 23 (review, to 1948); 27 (review, to 1905); 32, 36, 41, 50.
REFERENCES: 1. Baehr. Z. Elektrochem., 60, 515 (1956). 2. Beattie, J. Math. Phys., 9, 11 (1930). 3. Beattie, Phys. Rev., 35, 643 (1930). 4. Bradley and Hale, Phys.
Rev., 29, 258 (1909). 5. Brown and Dean, Bur. Stand. J. Res., 60, 161 (1958). 6. Budenholzer, Sage, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 7. Burnett, Phys. Rev., 22,
590 (1923). 8. Burnett, Univ. Wisconsin Bull. 9(6), 1926. 9. Charnley, Ph.D. thesis. University of Manchester, 1952. 10. Charnley, Isles, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London),
A217, 133 (1953). 11. Charnley, Rowlinson, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London), A230, 354 (1955). 12. Dalton, Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, no. 109c, 1909. 13. Deming and Deming, Phys. Rev., 48, 448 (1935). 14. Edmister, Pet. Refiner, 28, 128 (1949). 15. Eucken, Clusius, et al., Z. Tech. Phys., 13, 267 (1932). 16. Eumorfopoulos
and Rai, Phil. Mag., 7, 961 (1926). 17. Huang, Lin, et al., Z. Phys., 100, 594 (1936). 18. Hoxton, Phys. Rev., 13, 438 (1919). 19. Ishkin and Kaganev, J. Tech. Phys.
U.S.S.R., 26, 2323 (1956). 20. Isles, Ph.D. thesis, Leeds University. 21. Jenkin and Pye, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), A213, 67 (1914); A215, 353 (1915). 22. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2362 (1946). 23. Johnston, Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 70, 651 (1948). 24. Johnston, Bezman, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2367 (1946).
25. Johnston, Swanson, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2373 (1946). 26. Kennedy, Sage, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 718 (1936). 27. Kester, Phys. Rev., 21, 260 (1905).
28. Keyes and Collins, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 18, 328 (1932). 29. Kleinschmidt, Mech. Eng., 45, 165 (1923); 48, 155 (1926). 30. Koeppe, Kältetechnik, 8, 275 (1956).
31. Lindsay and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 817 (1935). 32. Noell, dissertation, Munich, 1914, Forschungsdienst, 184, p. 1, 1916. 33. Palienko, Tr. Inst. Ispol’ z. Gaza,
Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, no. 4, p. 87, 1956. 34. Pattee and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 511, (1934). 35. Roebuck, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 60, 537 (1925); 64, 287
(1930). 36. Roebuck, see 49 below, 37. Roebuck and Murrell, Phys. Rev., 55, 240 (1939). 38. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 37, 110 (1931); 43, 60 (1933). 39.
Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 46, 785 (1934). 40. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 48, 450 (1935). 41. Roebuck, Murrell, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 64, 400
(1942). 42. Sage, unpublished data, California Institute of Technology, 1959. 43. Sage and Lacy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 1484 (1934). 44. Sage, Kennedy, et al., Ind. Eng.
Chem., 28, 601 (1936). 45. Sage, Webster, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 46. Ullock, Gaffert, et al., Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 32, 73 (1936). 47. Yang, Ind.
Eng. Chem., 45, 786 (1953). 48. Zelmanov, J. Phys. U.S.S.R., 3, 43 (1940). 49. Roebuck, recalculated data. 50. Michels et al., van der Waals laboratory publications.
Gunn, Cheuh, and Prausnitz, Cryogenics, 6, 324 (1966), review equations relating the inversion temperatures and pressures. The ability of various equations of state
to relate these was also discussed by Miller, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970); and Juris and Wenzel, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 18, 684 (1972). Perhaps the most
detailed review is that of Hendricks, Peller, and Baron. NASA Tech. Note D 6807, 1972.
TABLE 2-140 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus
in Reduced Coordinates (Tr = T/Tc; Pr = P/Pc)*
Pr
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
TrL
TrU
0.782
4.984
0.800
4.916
0.818
4.847
0.838
4.777
0.859
4.706
0.880
4.633
0.903
4.550
0.953
4.401
Pr
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11.79
TrL
TrU
1.01
4.23
1.08
4.06
1.16
3.88
1.25
3.68
1.35
3.45
1.50
3.18
1.73
2.86
2.24
2.24
*Calculated from the best three-constant equation recommended by Miller,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970). TrL refers to the lower curve, and TrU,
to the upper curve.
2-138
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
CRITICAL CONSTANTS
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Other data and estimation techniques for the elements are contained
in Gates and Thodos, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 6 (1960):50–54; and
Ohse and von Tippelskirch, High Temperatures—High Pressures, 9
(1977):367–385. For inorganic substances see Mathews, Chem. Rev.,
TABLE 2-141
72 (1972):71–100; for organics see Kudchaker, Alani, and Zwolinski,
Chem. Rev., 68 (1968):659–735; and for fluorocarbons see Advances
in Fluorine Chemistry, App. B, Butterworth. Washington, 1963, pp.
173–175. Pages 6–49 and 6–50 of the 84th edition of the Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics provide an excellent list of references for critical
properties.
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Vc,
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Acentric
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
39.948
121.137
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
108.138
108.138
108.138
120.192
52.035
56.106
466
761
591.95
606
508.2
545.5
308.3
506
615
535
132.45
405.65
645.6
150.86
824
562.05
689
751
699.35
830
720.15
662
718
773
584.15
670.15
503.8
467
452
425
425.12
680
676
563.1
535.9
419.5
435.5
428.6
575.4
660.5
570.1
554
440
537.2
615.7
582.25
304.21
552
132.92
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.4
416.25
503.15
489
705.85
697.55
704.65
631
400.15
459.93
5.55
6.6
5.786
4
4.701
4.83
6.138
5
5.66
4.48
3.774
11.28
4.25
4.898
5.05
4.895
4.74
4.47
4.215
3.352
4.374
3.11
4.06
3.38
10.3
4.519
6.23
8
4.36
4.32
3.796
5.21
4.02
4.414
4.188
4.02
4.21
4.1
3.09
2.89
3.97
4.06
4.6
4.32
4.06
3.79
7.383
7.9
3.499
4.56
3.745
7.71
4.519
5.27
5.472
6.68
4.58
4.54
4.56
5.01
5.15
3.209
5.98
4.98
0.154
0.215
0.177
0.29
0.209
0.173
0.112
0.197
0.208
0.212
0.09147
0.07247
0.337
0.07459
0.346
0.256
0.315
0.344
0.3132
0.5677
0.382
0.442
0.367
0.497
0.135
0.324
0.215
0.156
0.22
0.221
0.255
0.303
0.305
0.273
0.27
0.241
0.234
0.238
0.389
0.497
0.307
0.307
0.208
0.258
0.293
0.278
0.094
0.16
0.0944
0.276
0.143
0.124
0.308
0.2
0.239
0.143
0.247
0.247
0.312
0.282
0.277
0.434
0.195
0.21
0.221
0.224
0.208
0.23
0.233
0.184
0.268
0.234
0.23
0.214
0.313
0.242
0.267
0.291
0.255
0.268
0.261
0.246
0.227
0.276
0.279
0.25
0.25
0.261
0.286
0.263
0.32
0.321
0.255
0.27
0.274
0.279
0.218
0.258
0.254
0.278
0.272
0.274
0.251
0.262
0.257
0.271
0.262
0.25
0.232
0.218
0.274
0.275
0.299
0.272
0.283
0.276
0.265
0.275
0.293
0.276
0.27
0.276
0.242
0.244
0.244
0.265
0.351
0.273
0.2907
0.4210
0.4665
0.4535
0.3065
0.3379
0.1912
0.3198
0.5383
0.3498
0.2526
0.3502
0.0000
0.5585
0.2103
0.2628
0.6028
0.3662
0.5019
0.3631
0.4332
0.3126
0.4029
0.1290
0.2506
0.2548
0.1922
0.1659
0.1950
0.2002
0.6305
0.7043
0.5883
0.5692
0.1845
0.2019
0.2176
0.4394
0.3941
0.2714
0.2506
0.2470
0.2774
0.6805
0.3714
0.2236
0.1107
0.0482
0.1926
0.1790
0.0688
0.2499
0.1902
0.2219
0.1531
0.2277
0.1986
0.4480
0.4339
0.5072
0.3274
0.2790
0.1847
CRITICAL CONSTANTS
TABLE 2-141
2-139
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Vc,
Cmpd.
Acentric
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
84.159
100.159
98.143
82.144
70.133
68.117
42.080
116.224
156.265
142.282
172.265
158.281
140.266
174.347
138.250
4.032
187.861
187.861
173.835
130.228
147.002
147.002
147.002
98.959
98.959
84.933
112.986
112.986
105.136
73.137
74.122
90.187
66.050
66.050
52.023
101.190
102.175
114.185
90.121
104.148
54.090
45.084
86.175
112.213
112.213
112.213
94.199
46.068
73.094
100.202
194.184
60.170
62.134
78.133
194.184
88.105
170.207
101.190
170.335
282.547
30.069
46.068
88.105
45.084
106.165
150.175
116.158
116.158
112.213
98.186
28.053
60.098
62.068
43.068
44.053
74.079
553.8
650.1
653
560.4
511.7
507
398
664
674.2
617.7
722.1
688
616.6
696
619.85
38.35
628
650.15
611
584.1
683.95
705
684.75
523
561.6
510
560
572
736.6
496.6
466.7
557.15
386.44
445
351.255
523.1
500.05
576
507.8
543
473.2
437.2
500
591.15
606.15
596.15
615
400.1
649.6
537.3
766
402
503.04
729
772
587
766.8
550
658
768
305.32
514
523.3
456.15
617.15
698
655
571
609.15
569.5
282.34
593
720
537
469.15
508.4
4.08
4.26
4
4.35
4.51
4.8
5.54
3.97
2.6
2.11
2.28
2.308
2.223
2.13
2.37
1.6617
6.03
5.477
7.17
2.46
4.07
4.07
4.07
5.07
5.37
6.08
4.24
4.24
4.27
3.71
3.64
3.96
4.52
4.34
5.784
3.2
2.88
3.02
3.773
3.446
4.87
5.34
3.15
2.938
2.938
2.938
5.36
5.37
4.42
2.91
2.78
3.56
5.53
5.65
2.78
5.208
3.08
3.14
1.82
1.16
4.872
6.137
3.88
5.62
3.609
3.18
3.41
2.95
3.04
3.4
5.041
6.29
8.2
6.85
7.19
4.74
0.308
0.322
0.311
0.291
0.26
0.245
0.162
0.355
0.58
0.617
0.639
0.645
0.584
0.624
0.552
0.060263
0.276
0.2616
0.223
0.487
0.351
0.351
0.351
0.24
0.22
0.185
0.291
0.291
0.349
0.301
0.28
0.318
0.179
0.195
0.123
0.418
0.386
0.416
0.297
0.35
0.221
0.18
0.361
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.252
0.17
0.26199
0.393
0.53
0.258
0.201
0.227
0.529
0.238
0.503
0.402
0.755
1.34
0.1455
0.168
0.286
0.207
0.374
0.489
0.389
0.403
0.43
0.375
0.131
0.264
0.191
0.173
0.140296
0.229
0.273
0.254
0.229
0.272
0.276
0.279
0.271
0.255
0.269
0.254
0.243
0.26
0.253
0.23
0.254
0.314
0.319
0.265
0.315
0.247
0.251
0.244
0.251
0.28
0.253
0.265
0.265
0.259
0.243
0.27
0.263
0.272
0.252
0.229
0.244
0.308
0.267
0.262
0.265
0.267
0.274
0.264
0.274
0.269
0.268
0.273
0.264
0.2744
0.214
0.256
0.231
0.275
0.266
0.212
0.229
0.254
0.243
0.276
0.251
0.243
0.279
0.241
0.255
0.307
0.263
0.268
0.244
0.25
0.258
0.269
0.281
0.337
0.262
0.265
0.25876
0.257
0.2081
0.3690
0.2990
0.2123
0.1949
0.1961
0.1278
0.2641
0.5820
0.4923
0.8126
0.6070
0.4805
0.5874
0.5178
−0.1449
0.1250
0.2067
0.2095
0.4476
0.2790
0.2192
0.2846
0.2339
0.2866
0.1986
0.2529
0.2564
0.9529
0.3039
0.2811
0.2900
0.2751
0.2224
0.2771
0.3883
0.3387
0.4044
0.3277
0.3522
0.2385
0.2999
0.2493
0.2326
0.2324
0.2379
0.2059
0.2002
0.3177
0.2964
0.6568
0.1300
0.1943
0.2806
0.6371
0.2793
0.4389
0.4497
0.5764
0.9069
0.0995
0.6436
0.3664
0.2848
0.3035
0.4771
0.6326
0.4011
0.2455
0.2701
0.0862
0.4724
0.5068
0.2007
0.1974
0.2847
2-140
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Vc,
Cmpd.
Acentric
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
144.211
130.228
88.148
100.159
62.134
102.132
88.148
163.506
37.997
96.102
48.060
34.033
30.026
45.041
46.026
68.074
4.003
240.468
114.185
100.202
130.185
116.201
116.201
114.185
114.185
98.186
132.267
96.170
226.441
100.159
86.175
116.158
102.175
102.175
100.159
100.159
84.159
82.144
118.240
82.144
82.144
32.045
2.016
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
674.6
583
489
567
499.15
546
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
408
771
588
490.15
5.2
736
616.8
540.2
677.3
632.3
608.3
606.6
611.4
537.4
645
547
723
591
507.6
660.2
611.3
585.3
587.61
582.82
504
544
623
516.2
549
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605
471.85
805
662
190.564
512.5
718
506.55
402.4
536
430.05
693
490
460.4
643
577.2
465
470
492
512.74
593
463.2
554.5
442
572.1
686
614
617
2.778
2.46
3.41
3.32
5.49
3.362
3.37
3.33
5.172
4.551
5.028
5.875
6.59
7.8
5.81
5.5
0.2275
1.34
3.16
2.74
3.043
3.085
3.001
2.92
2.94
2.92
2.77
3.21
1.4
3.46
3.025
3.308
3.446
3.311
3.287
3.32
3.21
3.53
3.08
3.62
3.53
14.7
1.313
8.552
8.31
5.39
6.48
8.963
3.7
4.54
5.64
4.79
4.599
8.084
4.98
4.75
5.63
4.25
7.46
3.59
3.83
3.38
3.89
3.93
3.447
3.42
4.38
3.371
3.47
4.2
3.473
4.17
3.48
4
3.79
3.79
0.528
0.487
0.329
0.369
0.207
0.345
0.339
0.414
0.066547
0.269
0.164
0.113
0.115
0.163
0.125
0.218
0.0573
1.11
0.434
0.428
0.466
0.444
0.447
0.433
0.434
0.402
0.465
0.387
1.04
0.369
0.371
0.408
0.382
0.385
0.378
0.378
0.348
0.331
0.412
0.322
0.331
0.158
0.064147
0.1
0.081
0.139
0.069
0.0985
0.292
0.221
0.258
0.28
0.0986
0.117
0.267
0.228
0.164
0.27
0.154
0.436
0.291
0.306
0.347
0.329
0.292
0.292
0.248
0.329
0.36
0.275
0.34
0.246
0.369
0.374
0.374
0.374
0.262
0.247
0.276
0.26
0.274
0.256
0.275
0.296
0.287
0.263
0.264
0.252
0.223
0.198
0.149
0.294
0.302
0.244
0.267
0.261
0.252
0.261
0.265
0.251
0.251
0.263
0.24
0.273
0.243
0.26
0.266
0.246
0.259
0.262
0.254
0.259
0.267
0.258
0.245
0.272
0.256
0.428
0.305
0.283
0.249
0.197
0.117
0.284
0.215
0.256
0.217
0.244
0.286
0.222
0.223
0.257
0.276
0.258
0.321
0.272
0.274
0.27
0.252
0.269
0.26
0.256
0.266
0.26
0.253
0.3
0.256
0.279
0.27
0.262
0.278
0.276
0.8067
0.4944
0.3056
0.3891
0.1878
0.3944
0.3473
0.2691
0.0530
0.2472
0.2200
0.1980
0.2818
0.4124
0.3173
0.2015
−0.3900
0.7697
0.4279
0.3495
0.7564
0.5621
0.5628
0.4076
0.4190
0.3432
0.4226
0.3778
0.7174
0.3872
0.3013
0.7299
0.5586
0.5574
0.3846
0.3801
0.2888
0.2183
0.3681
0.3327
0.2214
0.3143
−0.2160
0.0734
0.1315
0.4099
0.3823
0.0942
0.6141
0.2759
0.9418
0.3318
0.0115
0.5658
0.4351
0.3313
0.2115
0.3423
0.2814
0.4205
0.1874
0.2279
0.5894
0.5939
0.2341
0.2870
0.1370
0.3130
0.3229
0.3081
0.3775
0.2252
0.2361
0.2213
0.6805
0.6790
CRITICAL CONSTANTS
TABLE 2-141
2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Vc,
Cmpd.
Acentric
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
74.122
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
58.079
128.171
20.180
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
30.006
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
532.7
542
526
483
437.8
535.5
533
487.2
497
574.6
488
464.48
553.4
553.1
469.95
566
694
497.7
546.49
407.8
506.2
417.9
530.6
476.25
565
352.5
654
497.1
437
748.4
44.4
593
126.2
234
588.15
309.57
180.15
758
658
594.6
710.7
670.9
649.5
593.1
681
598.05
747
638.9
568.7
694.26
652.3
629.8
632.7
627.7
566.9
667.3
574
804
154.58
261
708
566.1
469.7
639.16
588.1
561
561.08
560.95
464.8
584.3
598
481.2
519
869
694.25
653
3.79
4.13
4.13
3.95
4.4
4.15
4.26
6
3.41
3.27
5.48
3.762
3.8
4.021
7.23
3.68
2.54
3.04
3.042
3.64
3.972
4
4.004
3.801
3.97
4.7
3.36
3.287
4.67
4.05
2.653
5.16
3.4
4.461
6.31
7.245
6.48
1.21
2.73
2.29
2.514
2.527
2.541
2.428
2.31
2.61
1.27
2.96
2.49
2.779
2.783
2.749
2.64
2.704
2.663
2.52
2.88
7.02
5.043
5.57
1.48
3.97
3.37
3.63
3.897
3.7
3.694
3.74
3.56
3.536
3.47
4.17
4.03
2.9
6.13
4.06
0.319
0.303
0.303
0.289
0.221
0.267
0.254
0.172
0.329
0.369
0.202
0.276
0.31
0.328
0.145
0.323
0.572
0.368
0.38
0.259
0.275
0.239
0.282
0.276
0.307
0.205
0.399
0.314
0.21
0.407
0.0417
0.236
0.08921
0.11875
0.173
0.0974
0.058
1.26
0.527
0.551
0.584
0.576
0.577
0.524
0.571
0.497
1.19
0.488
0.486
0.523
0.509
0.512
0.497
0.497
0.464
0.518
0.442
0.205
0.0734
0.089
0.969
0.313
0.313
0.35
0.326
0.326
0.301
0.336
0.293
0.385
0.359
0.277
0.276
0.554
0.229
0.37
0.273
0.278
0.286
0.284
0.267
0.249
0.244
0.255
0.272
0.253
0.273
0.269
0.256
0.28718
0.268
0.253
0.252
0.27
0.254
0.278
0.26
0.275
0.256
0.265
0.259
0.329
0.247
0.25
0.27
0.265
0.3
0.247
0.289
0.272
0.223
0.274
0.251
0.242
0.263
0.255
0.248
0.261
0.271
0.258
0.233
0.261
0.243
0.272
0.256
0.252
0.261
0.269
0.249
0.257
0.262
0.235
0.267
0.215
0.288
0.228
0.244
0.264
0.27
0.239
0.258
0.259
0.238
0.269
0.27
0.28
0.251
0.289
0.258
0.222
0.243
0.277
0.2288
0.2318
0.2296
0.2758
0.2314
0.3234
0.2091
0.2556
0.3078
0.3557
0.3007
0.2656
0.3208
0.2461
0.1582
0.2802
0.7913
0.2791
0.3442
0.1835
0.6152
0.1948
0.3466
0.2770
0.2737
0.1314
0.3230
0.2466
0.2416
0.3020
−0.0396
0.3803
0.0377
0.1200
0.3480
0.1409
0.5829
0.8522
0.5117
0.4435
0.7724
0.5841
0.5911
0.4367
0.5260
0.4710
0.8114
0.4636
0.3996
0.7706
0.5697
0.5807
0.4549
0.4406
0.3921
0.4497
0.4233
0.9176
0.0222
0.2119
0.6863
0.3472
0.2515
0.7052
0.5748
0.5549
0.3433
0.3448
0.2372
0.2685
0.3207
0.2899
0.1752
0.4707
0.4435
0.4123
2-142
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Concluded)
Vc,
Cmpd.
Acentric
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C3H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
74.079
55.079
102.132
59.110
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
791
394
369.83
536.8
508.3
636
504.4
600.81
564.4
549.73
496.95
638.35
364.85
538
517
536.6
626
683
259
636
806
430.75
318.69
490.85
1113
857
693
540.15
720
631.95
568
579.35
591.75
602
675
535.15
433.25
664.5
649.1
543.8
573.5
846
828
639
703.9
519.13
454
432
543.15
647.096
617
630.3
616.2
4.72
5.25
4.248
5.169
4.765
3.12
4.92
4.668
4.18
3.36
4.74
3.2
4.6
4.02
4.75
4.63
6.1
5.96
3.72
3.84
4.71
7.884
3.76
8.21
3.95
2.99
1.57
5.19
3.65
5.16
2.87
5.69
4.108
4.48
1.68
3.04
4.07
3.454
3.232
2.57
2.82
3.39
3.04
1.95
2.119
3.958
4.86
5.67
3.06
22.064
3.541
3.732
3.511
0.421
0.165
0.2
0.219
0.222
0.437
0.204
0.235
0.229
0.345
0.26
0.44
0.185
0.285
0.254
0.254
0.239
0.291
0.202
0.352
0.317
0.122
0.19852
0.127
0.424
0.731
0.897
0.224
0.408
0.249
0.461
0.219
0.316
0.281
0.826
0.39
0.254
0.414
0.43
0.468
0.455
0.479
0.572
0.685
0.715
0.27
0.205
0.179
0.408
0.0559472
0.375
0.37
0.378
0.302
0.264
0.276
0.254
0.25
0.258
0.239
0.22
0.204
0.254
0.298
0.265
0.281
0.256
0.281
0.264
0.28
0.305
0.349
0.256
0.223
0.269
0.282
0.255
0.181
0.307
0.244
0.259
0.249
0.245
0.28
0.259
0.264
0.252
0.247
0.266
0.287
0.259
0.258
0.266
0.269
0.231
0.253
0.252
0.259
0.248
0.264
0.283
0.276
0.229
0.259
0.264
0.259
0.7025
0.1041
0.1523
0.6209
0.6544
0.3420
0.2559
0.5796
0.3243
0.3889
0.2798
0.3444
0.1376
0.3088
0.2138
0.2318
1.1065
0.4945
0.3858
0.2971
0.9922
0.2454
0.2151
0.4240
1.0591
0.5513
0.6430
0.2254
0.3353
0.1996
0.2450
0.1970
0.2640
0.2591
0.6174
0.3162
0.2062
0.3666
0.3787
0.3035
0.2903
0.8623
0.8972
0.5303
0.6236
0.3513
0.1069
0.1001
0.2815
0.3449
0.3265
0.3101
0.3218
All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007
AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L.
Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for
Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for the acentric factor was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical
quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
COMPRESSIBILITIES
2-143
COMPRESSIBILITIES
physical Properties of Fluid Systems High Accuracy Data. Results
can be pasted into a spreadsheet to facilitate calculation of the compressibility factor.
INTRODUCTION
The compressibility factor Z can be calculated by using the defining
equation Z = PV/(RT), where P is pressure, V is molar volume, R is
the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature. Values of P, V, and
T for substances listed in Table 2-184 are given in tables in the
Thermodynamic Properties section. For the units used in these
tables, R is 0.008314472 MPa·dm3/(mol·K). Values at temperatures
and pressures other than those in the tables can be generated for
many of the substances in Table 2-184 by going to http://webbook.
nist.gov and selecting NIST Chemistry WebBook, then Thermo-
TABLE 2-142
UNITS CONVERSIONS
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°R = 9⁄5 K
To convert bars to pounds-force per cubic inch, multiply by 14.504.
To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
Composition of Selected Refrigerant Mixtures
Composition (mass percent)
TABLE 2-143
Mixture
Tables
R-32
R-125
R-410A
R-404A
R-507A
R-407C (Klea 66)
R-407A (Klea 60)
R-407B (Klea 61)
2-290
2-288
2-296
2-263, 2-264, 2-289
2-143, 2-261
2-144, 2-262
50
50
44
50
25
40
70
23
20
10
R-134a
R-143a
4
52
50
52
40
20
Compressibility Factors for R 407A (Klea 60)
Pressure, bar
T, K
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
Zdew
Pdew
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
0.9691
0.9737
0.9773
0.9803
0.9828
0.9848
0.9866
0.9881
0.9893
0.9904
0.9914
0.9593
234.3
0.0163
0.0161
0.4268
0.8932
0.9080
0.9199
0.9298
0.9380
0.9449
0.9509
0.9560
0.8809
273.3
0.0325
0.0321
0.0318
0.0316
0.0360
0.8253
0.8495
0.8689
0.8847
0.8980
0.9092
0.8107
295.1
0.0487
0.0480
0.0476
0.0473
0.0473
0.0476
0.7518
0.7889
0.8173
0.8401
0.8588
0.7502
309.6
0.0648
0.0640
0.0633
0.0630
0.0629
0.0632
0.0641
0.5737
0.7386
0.7752
0.8038
0.6936
320.9
0.0809
0.0798
0.0790
0.0785
0.0784
0.0787
0.0797
0.0816
0.6279
0.6993
0.7425
0.6381
330.1
0.0970
0.0957
0.0947
0.0940
0.0938
0.0942
0.0952
0.0972
0.1011
0.6016
0.6713
0.5813
337.9
0.9340
0.9136
0.8895
0.8614
0.8290
0.7916
0.7485
0.6983
0.6386
0.5641
0.4564
2.05
3.08
4.46
6.28
8.60
11.53
15.15
19.58
24.96
31.46
39.42
Zdew
Tdew, K
The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program,
Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1).
TABLE 2-144
Compressibility Factors for R 407B (Klea 61)
Pressure, bar
T, K
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
Zdew
Pdew
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
0.9703
0.9745
0.9779
0.9808
0.9831
0.9851
0.9868
0.9883
0.9895
0.9906
0.9915
0.9587
230.6
0.0180
0.0178
0.8785
0.8961
0.9101
0.9215
0.9310
0.9390
0.9457
0.9515
0.9565
0.8774
269.4
0.0359
0.0355
0.0352
0.0351
0.5520
0.8290
0.8522
0.8709
0.8864
0.8993
0.9103
0.8036
291.3
0.0538
0.0532
0.0527
0.0526
0.0527
0.0533
0.7569
0.7924
0.8200
0.8422
0.8606
0.7389
305.9
0.0716
0.0708
0.0702
0.0699
0.0700
0.0707
0.0721
0.6949
0.7428
0.7784
0.8064
0.6776
317.1
0.0894
0.0883
0.0875
0.0872
0.0872
0.0879
0.0895
0.0925
0.6453
0.7042
0.7462
0.6164
326.4
0.1071
0.1058
0.1048
0.1043
0.1043
0.1050
0.1067
0.1098
0.1164
0.6108
0.6770
0.5518
334.3
0.9251
0.9024
0.8757
0.8446
0.8085
0.7666
0.7178
0.6600
0.5890
0.4916
2.40
3.56
5.10
7.10
9.64
12.81
16.71
21.45
27.18
34.12
Zdew
Tdew, K
The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program,
Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1).
2-144
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-145
Compressibilities of Liquids*
At the constant temperature T, the compressibility β = (1/V
0)(dV/dP). In general as P increases, β decreases rapidly at first and then slowly; the change of β with T is
large at low pressures but very small at pressures above 1000 to 2000 megabars. 1 megabar = 0.987 atm = 106 dynes/cm2 based upon the older usage, 1 bar = 1 dyne/cm2.
Substance
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Acetone
Acetone
Acetone
Acetone
Amyl alcohol
alcohol, iso.
alcohol, iso.
alcohol, n
alcohol, n
alcohol, n
alcohol, n
Benzene
Benzene
Benzene
Bromine
Bromine
Butyl alcohol, iso
alcohol, iso
alcohol, iso
alcohol, iso
alcohol, iso
alcohol, iso
Carbon bisulfide
bisulfide
bisulfide
bisulfide
tetrachloride
tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloroform
Dichloroethylsulfide
Dichloroethylsulfide
Ethyl acetate
acetate
14
20
20
40
14
20
20
20
20
20
40
17
20
20
20
20
18
20
20
20
20
20
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
32
32
13
20
23
500
1,000
12,000
23
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
12,000
5
200
400
200
400
8
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
21
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
200
400
1,000
2,000
23
200
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
Substance
111
61
52
9
88
84
70
61
46
8
8
89
77
67
56
51
97
81
64
56
46
8
86
57
48
6
86
73
83
70
34
24
103
90
Ethyl acetate
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
bromide
bromide
bromide
bromide
bromide
chloride
chloride
chloride
chloride
ether
ether
ether
ether
iodide
iodide
iodide
iodide
iodide
Gallium
Glycerol
Hexane
Hexane
Kerosene
Kerosene
Kerosene
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
Substance
20
14
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
400
23
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
23
500
1,000
12,000
23
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
300
5
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
300
500
1,000
12,000
75
100
63
54
8
100
82
70
54
8
151
102
66
8
188
84
61
10
81
69
64
50
8
3.97
22
117
91
55
45
8
3.95
3.97
3.91
2.37
Methyl alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
alcohol
Nitric acid
Oils:
Almond
Castor
Linseed
Olive
Rapeseed
Phosphorus trichloride
trichloride
trichloride
trichloride
Propyl alcohol (n)
alcohol (n)
alcohol (n?)
alcohol (n?)
alcohol (n?)
Toluene
Toluene
Turpentine
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Xylene, meta
meta
Temp.,
°C
Pressure,
megabars
Compressibility per
megabar
β × 106
15
20
20
20
20
20
0
23
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
17
103
95
80
65
54
8
32
15
15
15
15
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
20
20
5
5
5
5
53
46
51
55
59
71
63
47
8
77
67
65
47
7
74
64
74
49
43
41
39
38
33
9
69
60
250
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
13
200
400
500
500
1,000
12,000
200
400
* Smithsonian Tables, Table 106.
Scott (Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959) gives data for liquid nitrogen (p. 283), oxygen (p. 276), and hydrogen (p. 303). For a convenient
index to the high-pressure work of Bridgman, see American Institute of Physics Handbook, p. 2-163, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957.
TABLE 2-146
Compressibilities of Solids
Many data on the compressibility of solids obtained prior to 1926 are contained in Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10,
Springer, Berlin, 1926, pp. 1–52; also available as translation, NASA RE 2-18-59W, 1959. See also Tables 271, 273, 276, 278, and
other material in Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954. For a review of high-pressure work to 1946, see Bridgman, Rev. Mod.
Phys., 18, 1 (1946).
LATENT HEATS
UNITS CONVERSIONS
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32
To convert calories per gram-mole to British thermal units per
pound-mole, multiply by 1.799; to convert calories per gram to British
thermal units per pound, multiply by 1.799.
To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch,
multiply by 1.934 × 10−2.
LATENT HEATS
TABLE 2-147
2-145
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Unless stated otherwise, the values have been taken from the compilations by K. K. Kelley on “Heats of Fusion of Inorganic Compounds,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 393 (1936), and “The
Free Energies of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Substances,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 383 (1935).
Substance
Aluminum
Al
Al2Br6
Al2Cl6
AlF3·3NaF
Al2I6
Al2O3
Antimony
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
SbCl5
Sb4O6
Sb4S6
Argon
A
Arsenic
As
AsBr3
AsCl3
AsF5
As4O6
Barium
Ba
BaBr2
BaCl2
BaF2
Ba(NO3)2
Ba3(PO4)2
BaSO4
Beryllium
Be
Bismuth
Bi
BiBr3
BiCl3
Bi2O3
Bi2S5
Boron
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
B2H6
B3H10
B5H9
B5H11
B10H14
B2H5Br
B3N3H6
Bromine
Br2
BrF5
Cadmium
Cd
CdBr2
CdCl2
CdF2
CdI2
CdO
CdSO4
Calcium
Ca
CaBr2
CaCO3
CaCl2
CaF2
Ca(NO3)2
CaO
CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2
CaO·MgO·2SiO2
CaO·SiO2
CaSO4
Carbon
C (graphite)
CBr4
CCl4
CF4
CH4
C2N2
CNBr
CNCl
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
660.0
97.5
192.5
1000
191.0
2045
2,550
5,420
16,960
16,380
7,960
(26,000)
2057
256.4
180.2c
61,020
10,920
26,750c
385.5
3000
15,360
630.5
97
73.4
4
655
546
4,770
3,510
3,030
2,400
(27,000)
11,200
1440
46,670
219
172d
1425
10,360
11,570
17,820
−189.3
290
−185.8
1,590
814
31
−16
−80.7
313
(6,620)
2,810
2,420
2,800
8,000
610c
31,000c
122
−52.8
457.2
7,570
4,980
14,300
704
847
960
1287
595
1730
1350
(1,400)e
6,000
5,370
3,000
(5,980)
18,600
9,700
1638
35,670
1280
2,500e
271.3
2,505
224
817
747
2,600
6,800
8,900
−128
−165.5
−119.8
−46.9
480
99.7
−104
−58
7,800
−7.2
−61.3
1420
461
441
18,020
17,350
91.3
12.5
−100.9
−92.4
16
58
67
f
16
50.4
7,300
5,680
4,620
3,685
6,470
7,700
8,500
11,600
6,230
7,670
2,580
1,355
58.0
40.4
7,420
7,470
320.9
568
568
1110
387
1,460
(5,000)
5,300
(5,400)
3,660
765
23,870
967
29,860
796
1559c
25,400
53,820c
1000
4,790
851
730
1282
782
1392
561
2707
1550
1392
1512
1297
2,230
4,180
(12,700)
6,100
4,100
5,120
(12,240)
29,400
(18,200)
13,400
6,700
1487
36,580
3600
90
−24.0
11,000e
1,050
644
−182.5
−27.8
52
−5
224
1,938u
77
−127.9
−161.4
−21.1
2,240
13
*See also subsection “Thermodynamic Properties.”
7,280
3,110
2,040
5,576u
11,010c
6,300
Substance
Carbon (Cont.)
CNF
CNI
CO
CO2
COS
COCl2
CS2
Cerium
Ce
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
CsNO3
Chlorine
Cl2
ClF
ClF3
Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7
Chromium
Cr
CrO2Cl2
Cobalt
Co
CoCl2
Copper
Cu
Cu2Br2
Cu2Cl2
CuI
Cu2(CN)2
Cu2O
CuO
Cu2S
Fluorine
F2
F2O
Gallium
Ga
Germanium
Ge
GeH4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
GeHCl3
GeBr4
GeCl4
Ge(CH3)4
Gold
Au
Helium
He
Hydrogen
H2
HBr
HCl
HCN
HF
(HF)6
HI
H2O
H22O (= D2O)
H2O2
HNO3
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
H4P2O6
H2S
H2S2
H2SO4
H2Se
H2SeO4
H2Te
Indium
In
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
−205.0
−57.5
−138.8
200
1,900
1,129 k
−112.0
1,049 l
775
2,120
28.4
500
642
715
3,600
(2,450)
407
3,250
−101.0
1,531m
1550
3,930
1490
727
3,660
7,390
1083.0
3,110
430
4,890
473
1230
1447
1127
(5,400)
(13,400)
2,820
5,500
−223
29.8
1,336
959
−165
−109
−105.6
−71
26.1
−49.5
−88
(8,300)
1063.0
3,030
−271.4
−259.2
−86.9
−114.2
−13.2
−83.0
28
575
476
2,009i
1,094
−50.8
0.0
3.8
−2
−47
17.4
74
42.4
55
−85.5
−87.6
10.5
686
1,436
1,501s
2,520c
600
2,310
3,070
2,520
8,300
568t
1,805
2,360
58
−48.9
3,450
1,670
156.4
781
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
−72.8
141
−191.5
−78.4c
−50.2
8.0
5,780c
13,980c
1,444
6,030 c, r
4,423 k
5,990
690
1300
1300
1251
1280
16,320
35,990
35,690
34,330
35,930
−34.1
−101
11.3
2.0
10.9
79
4,878 m
5,890
6,280
7,100
8,480
2475
117
8,250
1050
27,170
2595
1355
1490
1336
72,810
16,310
11,920
15,940
−188.2
−144.8
1,640
2,650
2071
−89.1
31.4
110.6
75g
189
84
44
3,580
5,900
7,550
8,000
8,560
7,030
6,460
2966
81,800
−268.4
22
−252.7
−66.7
−85.0
25.7
33.3
51.2
216
4,210
3,860
6,027i
7,460
5,020
100.0
101.4
158
9,729 h,q
9,945 r,q
10,270
−60.3
4,463 t
−41.3
4,880
−2.2
5,650
2-146
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-147
Substance
Iodine
I2
ICl(α)
ICl(β)
IF7
Iron
Fe
FeCl2
Fe2Cl6
Fe(CO)5
FeO
FeS
Krypton
Kr
Lead
Pb
PbBr2
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
PbMoO4
PbO
PbS
PbSO4
PbWO4
Lithium
Li
LiBO2
LiBr
LiCl
LiF
LiI
LiOH
Li2MoO4
LiNO3
Li2SiO3
Li4SiO4
Li2SO4
Li2WO4
Magnesium
Mg
MgBr2
MgCl2
MgF2
MgO
Mg3(PO4)2
MgSiO3
MgSO4
MgZn2
Manganese
Mn
MnCl2
MnSiO3
MnTiO3
Mercury
Hg
HgBr2
HgCl2
HgI2
HgSO4
Molybdenum
Mo
MoF6
MoO3
Neon
Ne
Nickel
Ni
NiCl2
Ni(CO)4
Ni2S
Ni3S2
Nitrogen
N2
NF3
NH3
NH4CNS
NH4NO3
N2O
NO
N2O4
N2O5
NOCl
Osmium
OsF8
OsO4 (yellow)
OsO4 (white)
Oxygen
O2
O3
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
113.0
17.2
13.9
3,650
2,660
2,270
183
10,390
4c
7,460c
1530
677
304
−21
1380
1195
3,560
7,800
20,590
3,250
(7,700)
5,000
2735
1026
319
105
84,600
30,210
12,040
9,000
−157
360e
152.9
2,310e
327.4
488
498
824
412
1065
890
1114
1087
1123
1,224
4,290
5,650
1,860
5,970
(25,800)
2,820
4,150
9,600
(15,200)
1744
914
954
1293
872
42,060
27,700
29,600
38,300
24,850
1472
1281
51,310
(50,000)
179
845
552
614
847
440
462
705
1,100
(5,570)
2,900
3,200
(2,360)
(1,420)
2,480
4,200
1372
32,250
1310
1382
1681
1171
35,420
35,960
50,970
40,770
1177
1249
857
742
7,210
7,430
3,040
(6,700)
650
711
712
1221
2642
1184
1524
1127
589
2,160
8,300
8,100
5,900
18,500
(11,300)
14,700
3,500
(8,270)
1220
650
1274
1404
3,450
7,340
(8,200)
(7,960)
2152
1190
−38.9
241
277
250
850
557
3,960
4,150
4,500
(1,440)
361
319
304
354
13,980
14,080
14,080
14,260
2622
17
745
(6,660)
2,500
(2,500)
(4800)
36
1151
(128,000)
6,000
−248.5
77
−246.0
440e
1455
4,200
2730
987c
42.5
87,300
48,360c
7,000
645
790
(2,980)
5,800
−195.8
−129.0
−33.4
1,336
3,000
5,581n
−88.5
−151.7
30
32.4
−6.4
3,950
3,307
7,040
13,800c
6,140
47.4
130
6,840
9,450
−183.0
−111
1,629
2,880
−210.0
172
−77.7
146
169.6
−90.8
−163.6
−13
1,352n
(4,700)
1,460
1,563
550
5,540
56
42
4,060
2,340
−218.9
106
1107
1418
32,520
32,690
55,150
29,630
Substance
Palladium
Pd
Phosphorus
P4 (yellow)
P4 (violet)
P4 (black)
PCl3
PH3
P4O6
P4O10(α)
P4O10(β)
POCl3
P2S3
Platinum
Pt
Potassium
K
KBO2
KBr
KCl
KCN
KCNS
K2CO3
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KF
KI
K2MoO4
KNO3
KOH
KPO3
K3PO4
K4P2O7
K2SO4
K2TiO3
K2WO4
Praseodymium
Pr
Radon
Rn
Rhenium
Re
Re2O7
Re2O8
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
RbF
RbI
RbNO3
Selenium
Se2
Se6
SeF6
SeO2
SeOCl2
Silicon
Si
SiCl4
Si2Cl6
Si3Cl8
(SiCl3)2O
SiF4
Si2F6
SiF3Cl
SiF2Cl2
SiH4
Si2H6
Si3H8
Si4H10
SiH3Br
SiH2Br2
SiHCl3
(SiH3)3N
(SiH3)2O
SiO2 (quartz)
SiO2 (cristobalite)
Silver
Ag
AgBr
AgCl
AgCN
AgI
AgNO3
Ag2S
Ag2SO4
Sodium
Na
NaBO2
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
1554
4,120
44.2
615
−133.8
23.8
569
270o
3,360
17,080
1.1
3,110
1773.5
63.5
947
742
770
623
179
897
984
398
857
682
922
338
360
817
1340
1092
1074
810
927
932
2,700
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
280
417c
453c
74.2
−87.7
174
591
358c
105.1
508
12,520
25,600c
33,100
7,280
3,489 o
10,380
20,670
4,700
(4400)
(107,000)
574
(5,700)
5,000
6,410
(3,500)
2,250
7,800
6,920
8,770
6,500
4,100
(4,000)
2,840
(2,000)
2,110
8,900
14,000
8,100
(10,600)
(4,400)
776
18,920
1383
1407
37,060
38,840
1324
34,690
1327
30,850
−61.8
4,010
−71
8,380
(3000)
296
147
15,340
3,800
362.4
18,060
39.1
677
717
833
638
305
525
3,700
4,400
4,130
2,990
1,340
679
1352
1381
1408
1304
18,110
37,120
36,920
39,510
35,960
217
1,220
25,490
20,600
6,350c
20,900
10
1,010
753
736
−45.8c
317c
168
1427
−67.6
−1
9,470
1,845
−33
2290
56.8
139
211.4
135.6
−94.8c
−18.9c
−70.1
−31.5
−111.6
−14.3
53.1
100
2.4
70.5
31.8
48.7
−15.4
2230
−18.5
−138
−144
−185
−132.5
−117
−93.5
−93.8
−70.0
−126.5
−105.6
−144
1470
1700
3,900
960.5
430
455
350
557
209
842
657
2,700
2,180
3,155
2,750
2,250
2,755
3,360
(4,300)
2212
97.7
966
630
8,660
3,400
2,100
6,860
12,340
8,820
6,130c
10,400c
4,460
5,080
2,960
5,110
6,780
8,890
5,650
6,840
6,360
6,850
5,350
60,720
1564
42,520
1506
34,450
914
23,120
LATENT HEATS
TABLE 2-147
2-147
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Substance
Sodium (Cont.)
NaBr
NaCl
NaClO3
NaCN
NaCNS
Na2CO3
NaF
NaI
Na2MoO4
NaNO3
NaOH
aNa2O·aAl2O3·3SiO2
NaPO3
Na4P2O7
Na2S
Na2SiO3
Na2Si2O5
Na2SO4
Na2WO4
Strontium
Sr
SrBr2
SrCl2
SrF2
Sr3(PO4)2
Sulfur
S (rhombic)
S (monoclinic)
S2Cl2
SF6
SO2
SO3(α)
SO3(β)
SO3(γ)
SOBr2
SOCl2
SO2Cl2
Tellurium
Te
TeCl4
TeF6
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
747
800
255
562
323
854
992
662
687
310
322
1107
988
970
920
1087
884
884
702
6,140
7,220
5,290
(4,400)
4,450
7,000
7,000
5,240
3,600
3,760
2,000
13,150
(5,000)
(13,700)
(1,200)
10,300
8,460
5,830
5,800
757
643
872
1400
1770
2,190
4,780
4,100
4,260
18,500
112.8
119.2
−75.5
17
32.4
62.2
453
1,769p
2,060
2,890
6,310
3,230
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
1392
1465
37,950
40,810
1500
37,280
1704
53,260
1378
1384
33,610
444.6
2,200
138
−63.5c
−5.0
44.8
8,720
5,600c
5,960p
10,190
139.5
75.4
69.2
9,920
7,600
7,760
1090
392
−38.6c
16,830
6,700c
Substance
Thallium
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
Tl2CO3
TlI
TlNO3
Tl2S
Tl2SO4
Tin
Sn4
SnBr2
SnBr4
SnCl2
SnCl4
Sn(CH3)4
SnH4
SnI4
Titanium
TiBr4
TiCl4
TiO2
Tungsten
W
WF6
Uranium
UF6
Xenon
Xe
Zinc
Zn
ZnCl2
Zn(C2H5)2
ZnO
ZnS
Zirconium
ZrBr4
ZrCl4
ZrI4
ZrO2
a
k
b
l
c
m
Values in parentheses are uncertain.
For the freezing point or the normal boiling point unless otherwise stated.
Sublimation.
d
Decomposes at about 75 °C; value obtained by extrapolation.
e
Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances, Reinhold, New
York (1936).
f
Decomposes before the normal boiling point is reached.
g
Decomposes at about 40 °C; value obtained by extrapolation.
h
See also pp. 2-304 through 2-307 on steam table.
i
Giauque and Ruehrwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2626.
j
Giauque and Egan, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 45.
TABLE 2-148
mp, °C
Heat of
fusion,a,b
cal/mol
bp at 1
atm, °C
Heat of
vaporization,a,b
cal/mol
302.5
460
427
273
440
207
449
632
1,030
5,990
4,260
4,400
3,125
2,290
3,000
5,500
1457
819
807
38,810
23,800
24,420
823
25,030
231.8
232
30
247
−33.2
1,720
(1,700)
3,000
3,050
2,190
2270
68,000
−149.8
143.5
20,740
8,330
7,320
4,420
(4,300)
623
113
78.3
−52.3
38.2
−23
1825
(2,060)
2,240
(11,400)
136
8,350
3390
−0.4
(8,400)
1,800
(5900)
17.3
(176,000)
6,350
55.1c
9,990c
−111.5
740
−108.0
3,110
419.5
283
1,595
(5,500)
907
732
118
27,430
28,710
8,960
1975
1645
4,470
(9,000)
357c
311c
431c
25,800c
25,290c
29,030c
2715
Kemp and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 79.
Brown and Manov, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 500.
Giauque and Powell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939): 1970.
n
Overstreet and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc 59 (1937): 254.
o
Stephenson and Giauque, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 149.
p
Giauque and Stephenson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60 (1938): 1389.
q
Osborne, Stimson, and Ginnings, Bur. Standards J. Research, 23, 197 (1939): 261.
r
Miles and Menzies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1067.
s
Long and Kemp, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1829.
t
Giauque and Blue, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 831.
u
Ruehrwein and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2940.
Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials
Material
Alloys
30.5 Pb + 69.5 Sn
36.9 Pb + 63.1 Sn
63.7 Pb + 36.3 Sn
77.8 Pb + 22.2 Sn
1 Pb + 9 Sn
24 Pb + 27.3 Sn + 48.7 Bi
25.8 Pb + 14.7 Sn + 52.4 Bi + 7 Cd
Silicates
Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8)
Orthoclase (KAlSi2O8)
Microcline (KAlSi3O8)
Wollastonite (CaSiO8)
Malacolite (Ca8MgSi4O12)
Diopside (CaMgSi2O4)
Olivine (Mg2SiO4)
Fayalite (Fe2SiO4)
Spermaceti
Wax (bees’)
20,800
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
183
179
177.5
176.5
236
98.8
75.5
17
15.5
11.6
9.54
28
6.85
8.4
43.9
61.8
100
100
83
100
94
100
130
85
37.0
42.3
2-148
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-149
Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds
The values for the hydrocarbons are from the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards, with some from Parks and Huffman, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 1138 (1931).
The values for the nonhydrocarbon compounds were recalculated from data in International Critical Tables, vol. 5.
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C5H12
C5H12
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C6H14
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C7H16
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
C11H24
C12H26
C20H42
C25H52
C33H68
−182.48
−183.23
−187.65
−138.33
−159.60
−129.723
−159.890
−16.6
−95.320
−153.680
−99.73
−128.41
−90.595
−118.270
−118.593
−123.790
−119.230
−134.46
−24.96
−56.798
−109.04
−120.50
−120.955
−121.18
−91.200
−126.10
−114.960
−90.870
−112.27
−107.365
−100.70
−109.210
+100.69
−53.9
−30.0
−25.9
−9.6
+36.4
+53.3
+71.1
14.03
22.712
19.100
19.167
18.668
27.874
17.076
10.786
36.138
17.407
1.607
2.251
33.513
21.158
22.555
13.982
15.968
16.856
5.250
43.169
21.458
23.795
22.692
24.226
26.903
14.9
23.690
22.657
18.061
19.278
3.204
19.392
14.900
41.2
48.3
34.1
51.3
52.0
53.6
54.0
C6H6
C7H8
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
+5.533
−94.991
−94.950
−25.187
−47.872
+13.263
−99.500
−96.028
−80.833
30.100
17.171
20.629
30.614
26.045
38.526
16.97
19.22
21.13
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Acetic acid
Acetone
Acrylic acid
Allo-cinnamic acid
Aminobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Amyl alcohol
Anethole
Aniline
Anthraquinone
Apiol
Azobenzene
Azoxybenzene
C2H4O2
C3H6O
C3H4O2
C9H8O2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C5H12O
C10H12O
C6H5NH2
C14H8O2
C12H14O4
C12H10N2
C12H10N2O
16.7
−95.5
12.3
68
145
179.5
188.5
−78.9
22.5
−6.3
284.8
29.5
67.1
36
46.68
23.42
37.03
27.35
35.48
38.03
36.46
26.65
25.80
27.09
37.48
25.80
28.91
21.62
Benzil
Benzoic acid
Benzophenone
Benzylaniline
Bromocamphor
Bromochlorbenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromoiodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromol hydrate
Bromophenol (p-)
Bromotoluene (p-)
C14H10O2
C7H8O2
C13H10O
C13H13N
C10H15BrO
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C2H3Br3O2
C6H5BrO
C7H7Br
95.2
122.45
47.85
32.37
78
−12.6
−21.2
64.6
21
9.3
90.1
46
63.5
28
22.15
33.90
23.53
21.86
41.57
15.41
15.29
23.41
12.18
10.27
16.60
16.90
20.50
20.86
Hydrocarbon compounds
Paraffins
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
2-Methylpropane
n-Pentane
2-Methylbutane
2,2-Dimethylpropane
n-Hexane
2-Methylpentane
2,2-Dimethylbutane
2,3-Dimethylbutane
n-Heptane
2-Methylhexane
3-Ethylpentane
2,2-Dimethylpentane
2,4-Dimethylpentane
3,3-Dimethylpentane
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
n-Octane
2-Methylheptane
3-Methylpentane
4-Methylheptane
2,2-Dimethylhexane
2,5-Dimethylhexane
3,3-Dimethylhexane
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
n-Nonane
n-Decane
n-Undecane
n-Dodecane
Eicosane
Pentacosane
Tritriacontane
Aromatics
Benzene
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
Ethylbenzene
o-Xylene
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
n-Propylbenzene
Isopropylbenzene
1-Methyl-2-ethylbenzene
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C9H12
C10H8
C10H12
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
C11H10
C12H10
C12H18
C13H12
C14H10
C14H10
C14H10
C14H12
C14H14
C19H16
−95.55
−62.350
−25.375
−43.80
−44.720
+80.0
+51
+79.3
−24.0
−7.7
−68.9
−88.5
−58.1
+34.1
+68.6
+165.5
+25.2
+216.5
+96.3
+60
+124
+51.4
+92.1
15.14
25.29
16.64
24.54
18.97
36.0
57
37.4
23.0
20.0
17.1
19.5
14.9
20.1
28.8
30.4
26.4
38.7
25.0
28.7
40.0
30.7
21.1
C6H12
C7H14
+6.67
−126.58
7.569
16.429
C5H10
C6H12
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
C7H14
−93.80
−142.445
−138.435
−69.73
−53.85
−117.57
−133.680
2.068
19.68
11.10
3.36
3.87
15.68
17.93
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
C5H10
−169.15
−185.25
−185.35
−138.91
−105.55
−140.35
−165.27
−151.363
−140.235
−137.560
−168.500
−133.780
28.547
17.054
16.393
31.135
41.564
25.265
16.82
24.239
26.536
26.879
18.009
25.738
C2H2
C4H6
−81.5
−132.23
23.04
40.808
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Butyl alcohol (n-)
(t-)
Butyric acid (n-)
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8O2
−89.2
25.4
−5.7
29.93
21.88
30.04
Capric acid (n-)
Caprylic acid (n-)
Carbazole
Carbon tetrachloride
Carvoxime (d-)
(l-)
(dl-)
Cetyl alcohol
Chloracetic acid (α-)
(β-)
Chloral alcoholate
hydrate
Chloroaniline (p-)
Chlorobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Chloronitrobenzene (m-)
(p-)
Cinnamic acid
anhydride
Cresol (p-)
Crotonic acid (α-)
(cis-)
Cyanamide
Cyclohexanol
C10H20O2
C8H16O2
C12H9N
CCl4
C10H15NO
C10H15NO
C10H15NO
C16H34O
C2H3ClO2
C2H3ClO2
C4H7Cl3O2
C2H3Cl3O2
C6H6ClN
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C6H4ClNO2
C6H4ClNO2
C9H8O2
C18H14O3
C7H8O
C4H6O2
C4H6O2
CH2N2
C6H12O
31.99
16.3
243
−22.8
71.5
71
91
49.27
61.2
56
9
47.4
71
140.2
154.25
239.7
44.4
83.5
133
48
34.6
72
71.2
44
25.46
38.87
35.40
42.05
41.57
23.29
23.41
24.61
33.80
31.06
35.12
24.03
33.18
37.15
39.30
36.41
49.21
29.38
31.51
36.50
28.14
26.28
25.32
34.90
49.81
4.19
Hydrocarbon compounds
Aromatics—(Cont.)
1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene
1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Camphene
Durene
Isodurene
Prehnitene
p-Cymene
n-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
β-Methyl naphthalene
Diphenyl
Hexamethyl benzene
Diphenyl methane
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Tolane
Stilbene
Dibenzil
Triphenyl methane
Alkyl cyclohexanes
Cyclohexane
Methylcyclohexane
Alkyl cyclopentanes
Cyclopentane
Methylcyclopentane
Ethylcyclopentane
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane
Monoolefins
Ethene (Ethylene)
Propene (Propylene)
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
2-Methylpropene (isobutene)
1-Pentene
cis-2-pentene
trans-2-pentene
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
Acetylenes
Acetylene
2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene)
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
LATENT HEATS
TABLE 2-149
2-149
Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds (Concluded)
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Dibromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dibromophenol (2, 4-)
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichlorobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dihydroxybenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Di-iodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dimethyl tartrate (dl-)
(d-)
pyrone
Dinitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dinitrotoluene (2, 4-)
Dioxane
Diphenyl amine
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2O
C2H2Cl2O2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H10O6
C6H10O6
C7H8O2
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C7H6N2O4
C4H8O2
C12H11N
1.8
−6.9
86
12
−4(?)
−16.7
−24.8
53.13
104.3
109.65
172.3
23.4
34.2
129
87
49
132
116.93
89.7
173.5
70.14
11.0
52.98
12.78
13.38
20.55
13.97
14.21
21.02
20.55
29.67
49.40
46.20
58.77
10.15
11.54
16.20
35.12
21.50
56.14
32.25
24.70
39.99
26.40
34.85
25.23
Elaidic acid
Ethyl acetate
alcohol
Ethylene dibromide
Ethyl ether
C18H34O2
C4H8O2
C2H6O
C2H4Br2
C4H10O
44.4
83.8
−114.4
10.012
−116.3
52.08
28.43
25.76
13.52
23.54
Formic acid
CH2O2
8.40
58.89
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
Glycol, ethylene
C6H8O4
C3H8O3
C2H6O2
97.5
18.07
−11.5
37.39
47.49
43.26
Hydrazo benzene
Hydrocinnamic acid
Hydroxyacetanilide
C12H12N2
C9H10O2
C8H9NO2
134
48
91.3
22.89
28.14
33.59
Iodotoluene (p-)
Isopropyl alcohol
ether
C7H7I
C3H8O
C6H14O
34
−88.5
−86.8
18.75
21.08
25.79
Lauric acid (n-)
Levulinic acid
C12H24O2
C5H8O3
43.22
33
43.72
18.97
Menthol (l-) (α)
Methyl alcohol
Myristic acid
Methyl cinnamate
fumarate
oxalate
phenylpropiolate
succinate
C10H20O
CH4O
C14H28O2
C10H10O2
C6H8O4
C4H6O4
C10H8O2
C6H10O4
43.5
−97.8
53.86
36
102
54.35
18
19.5
18.63
23.7
47.49
26.53
57.93
42.64
22.86
35.72
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,
cal/g
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
Naphthylamine (α-)
Nitroaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitronaphthalene
Nitrophenol (o-)
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H5NO2
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C10H7NO2
C6H5NO3
95.0
120.6
50
71.2
114.0
147.3
5.85
145.8
141.1
239.2
56.7
45.13
38.94
31.30
22.34
27.88
40.97
36.46
22.52
40.06
27.59
52.80
25.44
26.76
Palmitic acid
Paraldehyde
Pelargic acid (n-) (β-)
Pelargonic acid (n-) (α-)
Phenol
Phenylacetic acid
Phenylhydrazine
Propyl ether (n)
C16H32O2
C6H12O3
C9H18O2
C9H18O2
C6H6O
C8H8O2
C6H8N2
C6H14O
61.82
10.5
12.35
40.92
76.7
19.6
−126.1
39.18
25.02
39.04
30.63
29.03
25.44
36.31
20.66
Quinone
C6H4O2
115.7
40.85
Stearic acid
Succinic anhydride
Succinonitrile
C18H30O2
C4H4O3
C4H4N2
68.82
119
54.5
47.54
48.74
11.71
Tetrachloroxylene (o-)
(p-)
Thiophene
Thiosinamine
Thymol
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (p-)
Tribromophenol (2, 4, 6-)
Trichloroacetic acid
Trinitroglycerol
Trinitrotoluene (2, 4, 6-)
Tristearin
C8H6Cl4
C8H6Cl4
C4H4S
C4H8N2S
C10H14O
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C7H9N
C6H3Br3O
C2HCl3O2
C3H5N3O9
C7H5N3O6
C57H110O6
86
95
−39.4
77
51.5
103.7
108.75
179.6
43.3
93
57.5
12.3
80.83
70.8, 54.5
21.02
22.10
14.11
33.45
27.47
35.40
27.59
39.90
39.90
13.38
8.60
23.02
22.34
45.63
Undecylic acid (α-) (n-)
(β-) (n-)
Urethane
C11H22O2
C11H22O2
C3H7NO2
28.25
48.7
32.20
42.91
40.85
Veratrol
C8H10O2
22.5
27.45
Xylene dibromide (o-)
(m-)
dichloride (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
C8H8Br2
C8H8Br2
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
C8H8Cl2
95
77
55
34
100
24.25
21.45
29.03
26.64
32.73
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
2-150
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol)
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
39.948
121.137
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
108.138
3.8366
8.107
4.0179
6.352
4.215
4.3511
2.3214
3.8736
4.3756
4.155
0.8474
3.1523
5.8662
0.87308
8.7809
4.5346
6.225
10.19
6.8077
10.523
8.4762
6.228
6.9642
7.635
4
5.552
3.9004
3.169
3.522
3.2632
3.6238
8.9754
9.2247
7.1274
7.9227
3.3774
3.4358
3.3191
5.8276
6.3487
4.9702
4.6432
3.6972
4.6403
6.1947
5.22
2.173
3.496
0.8585
4.3252
1.9311
3.068
5.148
3.524
4.186
2.9745
3.989
3.8871
8.0082
0.40081
0.42
2.6037
0.3986
0.3397
0.34765
0.35938
0.29335
2.2571
0.2733
0.3822
0.3914
0.37127
0.3526
0.1933
0.39053
0.4412
0.478
0.63344
0.87091
0.35251
0.3411
0.44354
0.39182
0.351
0.37694
0.38012
0.3015
0.395
0.3701
0.8337
0.45316
0.42442
0.0483
0.58361
0.5107
0.38004
0.36968
0.38854
0.38222
0.41199
0.399
0.39168
0.3849
1.6524
0.165
0.382
0.2986
0.4921
0.37688
0.94983
0.8458
0.36614
0.3652
0.3584
0.353
0.37956
0.38043
0.45314
C3
C4
−5.0031
2.7069
−4.5116
2.5738
−0.2289
0.2309
0.30877
−0.14162
−0.27365
−0.45568
0.43853
−0.3026
−0.82274
0.39613
0.8966
0.02016
−0.17304
−0.5116
−0.08654
0.05181
−2.8505
0.6692
−0.4339
1.6285
−0.539
0.42213
−0.326
0.2231
−1.0615
−0.9001
0.51894
0.453
Tmin, K
Hv at
Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
Hv
at Tmax
150.15
353.15
289.81
200.15
178.45
229.32
192.40
185.45
286.15
189.63
59.15
195.41
235.65
83.78
403.00
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.40
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.20
265.85
242.43
154.55
179.47
136.95
164.25
134.86
220.00
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.80
134.26
167.62
199.65
185.30
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.75
250.00
161.25
216.58
161.11
68.13
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
134.80
209.63
175.43
150.35
155.97
285.39
3.2828
6.2386
2.3412
5.4139
3.6390
3.5996
1.6333
3.3881
2.7965
3.6866
0.6759
2.5298
4.9560
0.6561
7.1286
3.4705
5.0597
7.1277
5.3147
7.4895
6.8800
5.1829
5.7930
6.0719
3.2323
4.6875
3.3933
2.7379
3.0540
2.7235
2.8684
7.5185
7.9759
6.3643
6.4607
3.0197
2.9867
2.7630
4.9384
5.5979
4.3505
4.1614
3.1511
3.9797
4.1619
4.7223
1.5202
3.1537
0.6517
3.4528
1.4215
2.2878
4.3707
3.1052
3.5047
2.4520
3.4862
3.3586
6.3326
466.00
761.00
591.95
606.00
508.20
545.50
308.30
506.00
615.00
535.00
132.45
405.65
645.60
150.86
824.00
562.05
689.00
751.00
699.35
830.00
720.15
662.00
718.00
773.00
584.15
670.15
503.80
467.00
452.00
425.00
425.12
680.00
676.00
563.10
535.90
419.50
435.50
428.60
575.40
660.50
570.10
554.00
440.00
537.20
615.70
582.25
304.21
552.00
132.50
556.35
227.51
417.15
632.35
460.35
536.40
416.25
503.15
489.00
705.85
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
915,280
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-151
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
108.138
108.138
120.192
52.035
56.106
84.159
100.159
98.143
82.144
70.133
68.117
42.080
116.224
156.265
142.282
172.265
158.281
140.266
174.347
138.250
4.032
187.861
187.861
173.835
130.228
147.002
147.002
147.002
98.959
98.959
84.933
112.986
112.986
105.136
73.137
74.122
90.187
66.050
66.050
52.023
101.190
102.175
114.185
90.121
104.148
54.090
45.084
86.175
112.213
112.213
112.213
94.199
46.068
73.094
100.202
194.184
60.170
62.134
78.133
194.184
88.105
170.207
101.190
7.1979
8.4942
5.766
3.384
3.334
4.4902
9.1791
5.6772
4.4405
3.8911
3.8107
2.7672
5.6067
7.9073
6.6126
13.107
7.9041
6.6985
8.0617
6.9461
0.1657
5.712
5.37
4.82
5.9616
5.6899
6.2117
5.9765
4.2117
4.5507
4.186
4.774
4.675
10.154
4.6133
4.06
4.7659
3.2312
3.4552
2.8081
5.007
4.6117
5.0256
4.3872
4.7999
3.856
4.09
4.1509
5.0402
5.2852
5.1194
4.9825
2.994
5.9217
4.6533
8.1578
2.8365
3.9022
6.629
7.236
5.051
6.8243
5.428
0.40317
0.50234
0.38939
0.3707
0.3395
0.39881
0.6382
0.37431
0.37479
0.36111
0.3543
0.35588
0.38729
0.4129
0.39797
1.0674
−1.36
0.76944
0.41045
0.42109
0.352
0.5255
0.416
0.3771
0.38833
0.35765
0.42845
0.38559
0.36927
0.34444
0.4092
0.39204
0.36529
0.3403
0.42628
0.3868
0.37987
0.37653
0.3499
0.3364
0.4362
0.4
0.29611
0.56226
0.30724
0.3737
0.42005
0.38383
0.4036
0.41607
0.405
0.3958
0.3505
0.37996
0.37577
0.29346
0.35393
0.37731
0.4084
0.2424
0.3791
0.30877
0.3665
−0.97372
4.0854
−0.79975
0.40491
−2.3871
0.42379
−0.60662
−0.024545
0.4202
0.091361
304.19
307.93
177.14
245.25
182.48
279.69
296.60
242.00
169.67
179.28
138.13
145.59
189.64
267.15
243.51
304.55
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
18.73
210.15
282.85
220.60
175.30
248.39
256.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
178.01
200.00
172.71
301.15
223.35
156.85
169.20
154.56
215.00
136.95
176.85
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.10
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
212.72
160.00
274.18
122.93
174.88
291.67
413.80
284.95
300.03
210.15
5.7135
6.3649
5.0717
2.3803
2.8083
3.3920
6.2221
4.7739
3.8791
3.3299
3.4046
2.3532
4.9220
6.4201
5.4168
8.7931
8.2959
5.3524
6.7308
5.7192
0.1309
4.6111
4.2346
4.0709
5.1902
4.8419
5.1191
4.6573
3.6189
3.7657
3.5116
4.0147
4.0997
8.4908
3.5761
3.4651
4.1537
2.6659
2.7427
2.3781
4.1823
3.8207
4.4125
3.7528
4.0557
2.9557
3.2678
3.6388
4.0862
4.3662
4.4043
4.3108
2.6032
5.0931
4.0745
7.1632
2.4928
3.3213
5.3804
6.0070
3.9263
5.8546
4.5500
697.55
704.65
631.00
400.15
459.93
553.80
650.10
653.00
560.40
511.70
507.00
398.00
664.00
674.20
617.70
722.10
688.00
616.60
696.00
619.85
38.35
628.00
650.15
611.00
584.10
683.95
705.00
684.75
523.00
561.60
510.00
560.00
572.00
736.60
496.60
466.70
557.15
386.44
445.00
351.26
523.10
500.05
576.00
507.80
543.00
473.20
437.20
500.00
591.15
606.15
596.15
615.00
400.10
649.60
537.30
766.00
402.00
503.04
729.00
772.00
587.00
766.80
550.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-152
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Continued)
Cmpd.
no.
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
Name
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
170.335
282.547
30.069
46.068
88.105
45.084
106.165
150.175
116.158
116.158
112.213
98.186
28.053
60.098
62.068
43.068
44.053
74.079
144.211
130.228
88.148
100.159
62.134
102.132
88.148
163.506
37.997
96.102
48.060
34.033
30.026
45.041
46.026
68.074
4.003
240.468
114.185
100.202
130.185
116.201
116.201
114.185
114.185
98.186
132.267
96.170
226.441
100.159
86.175
116.158
102.175
102.175
100.159
100.159
84.159
82.144
118.240
82.144
82.144
7.7337
12.86
2.1091
5.5789
4.933
4.275
5.4805
6.7093
7.898
5.6419
5.3832
4.8287
1.8844
5.7521
8.3518
4.94
3.6652
4.5909
11.184
6.2786
4.258
5.2207
3.844
5.3325
5.438
4.9482
0.88757
4.582
2.7617
2.4708
3.076
7.358
2.3195
4.005
0.012504
10.473
5.956
5.0014
11.274
7.0236
9.6433
6.3357
6.1425
4.9437
6.5473
4.8222
10.156
5.6661
4.4544
9.0746
7.035
11.55
5.6231
5.6232
4.1429
4.808
5.8422
4.574
4.911
0.40681
0.50351
0.60646
0.31245
0.3847
0.5857
0.39524
0.33273
0.39445
0.37985
0.41763
0.37804
0.36485
0.34513
0.42625
0.466
0.37878
0.4123
0.86189
0.39513
0.37221
0.34893
0.37534
0.401
0.60624
0.39871
0.34072
0.3717
0.32162
0.37014
0.2954
0.3564
1.9091
0.3995
1.3038
0.4374
0.36474
0.38795
0.86047
−1.3652
0.783
0.42167
0.39802
0.35428
0.40968
0.33858
0.45726
0.38533
0.39002
0.8926
−0.9575
2.2877
0.38207
0.39972
0.49118
0.436
0.38704
0.3698
0.4392
C3
C4
0.32986
−0.55492
−0.42184
0.32799
−0.332
0.169
−0.47845
0.048646
−5.0003
3.2641
−2.6954
1.7098
−0.40661
3.987
−0.27273
−0.012644
−2.2545
0.038495
0.22149
−0.2353
−0.75172
3.1431
−3.6724
0.34378
−1.8066
2.1326
−0.44821
0.32105
Tmin, K
Hv at
Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
Hv
at Tmax
263.57
309.58
90.35
159.05
189.60
192.15
178.20
238.45
258.15
175.15
161.84
134.71
104.00
284.29
260.15
195.20
160.65
193.55
235.00
180.00
140.00
204.15
125.26
199.25
145.65
167.55
53.48
230.94
129.95
131.35
181.15
275.70
250.00
196.29
2.20
295.13
229.80
182.57
265.83
239.15
230.00
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
192.22
291.31
217.15
177.83
269.25
228.55
223.00
217.35
217.50
133.39
170.05
192.62
141.25
183.65
6.2802
9.5933
1.7879
4.9694
4.1490
3.2955
4.7900
5.8382
6.4816
4.9090
4.7318
4.3603
1.5936
4.5918
6.8989
4.0022
3.1271
3.7679
8.2832
5.4262
3.7556
4.4677
3.4489
4.4449
4.4140
4.2942
0.7578
3.7605
2.4089
2.0276
2.5863
6.2844
1.8865
3.2647
0.0097
8.3699
5.0248
4.2619
7.9579
7.6498
6.9638
5.1579
5.0471
4.3208
5.4656
4.1647
8.0225
4.7495
3.7647
6.4783
7.1509
6.5014
4.7135
4.6655
3.6691
4.0831
5.0630
4.0640
4.1067
658.00
768.00
305.32
514.00
523.30
456.15
617.15
698.00
655.00
571.00
609.15
569.50
282.34
593.00
720.00
537.00
469.15
508.40
674.60
583.00
489.00
567.00
499.15
546.00
500.23
559.95
144.12
560.09
375.31
317.42
408.00
771.00
588.00
490.15
5.20
736.00
616.80
540.20
677.30
632.30
608.30
606.60
611.40
537.40
645.00
547.00
723.00
591.00
507.60
660.20
611.30
585.30
587.61
582.82
504.00
544.00
623.00
516.20
549.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-153
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
H4N2
H2
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
32.045
2.016
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
74.122
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
5.9794
0.10127
2.485
2.2093
3.349
13.451
2.5676
4.0385
4.4041
11.767
4.6095
1.0194
5.0451
7.3402
4.492
3.1889
4.68
3.858
6.8504
4.1233
3.7593
7.48
10.178
3.9091
3.9248
3.648
4.5302
5.3416
3.792
5.3781
3.2835
4.7528
6.477
7.8011
7.8995
4.3595
4.3541
4.209
3.6756
3.53
4.622
4.4842
4.103
4.2678
5.4687
4.2967
3.8501
4.7075
4.5052
3.4448
5.468
10.53
4.2522
5.0002
3.188
7.7646
3.2614
5.008
4.2719
4.8253
2.2656
5.8071
3.872
0.9424
0.698
0.39
0.3466
0.2053
13.36
0.37358
0.82698
0.43325
0.37877
0.23331
0.26087
0.33594
0.38974
0.3685
0.37881
0.349
0.404
0.38852
0.426
0.39173
0.3933
1.3211
0.39866
0.36173
0.3863
0.37779
0.3835
0.3565
0.39523
0.33116
0.39437
0.4853
0.4172
0.42479
0.38507
0.36805
0.36779
0.31266
0.376
0.355
0.41151
0.3825
0.37995
0.40583
0.37922
0.36453
0.33601
0.36493
0.37427
0.4472
0.7454
0.3807
0.3781
0.39006
0.56757
0.38073
0.3959
0.43175
0.38087
0.30269
0.37009
0.044
−1.398
−1.817
0.8862
1.447
−23.383
10.785
−2.033
1.4769
−0.14694
0.22154
−1.2234
0.44836
−0.39297
0.047214
0.448
−0.112
274.69
13.95
185.15
158.97
259.83
277.56
187.68
227.15
177.95
407.95
288.15
90.69
175.47
301.15
175.15
170.45
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
193.00
155.95
135.58
139.39
160.15
157.48
175.30
183.45
187.35
139.05
146.58
299.15
280.15
269.15
130.73
146.62
115.00
182.55
160.00
186.48
167.23
174.15
150.00
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240.00
119.55
176.00
113.54
298.97
132.81
185.65
133.97
160.17
116.34
249.95
164.55
4.5238
0.0913
1.8817
1.7498
2.8176
0.7104
1.9782
3.5534
3.5874
9.0033
4.0342
0.8724
4.3825
5.9384
3.8418
2.5882
3.9913
3.1006
5.7026
3.4864
3.3657
6.5004
7.3738
3.4072
3.4558
3.1332
3.9438
4.6699
3.1681
4.5694
2.8974
4.2291
4.9050
6.0500
6.1926
3.9115
3.8769
3.8439
3.1686
2.9751
3.9704
3.8406
3.4644
3.7232
4.6507
3.2402
3.4235
4.1240
3.9340
2.9825
4.3596
8.1106
3.8300
4.3168
2.8070
4.6771
2.8195
4.2231
3.7041
4.2499
2.0069
4.8591
3.6017
653.15
33.19
363.15
324.65
456.65
461.15
373.53
605.00
471.85
805.00
662.00
190.56
512.50
718.00
506.55
402.40
536.00
430.05
693.00
490.00
460.40
643.00
577.20
465.00
470.00
492.00
512.74
593.00
463.20
554.50
442.00
572.10
686.00
614.00
617.00
532.70
542.00
526.00
483.00
437.80
535.50
533.00
487.20
497.00
574.60
488.00
464.48
553.40
553.10
469.95
566.00
694.00
497.70
546.49
407.80
506.20
417.90
530.60
476.25
565.00
352.50
654.00
497.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-154
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Concluded)
Cmpd.
no.
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
Name
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
58.079
128.171
20.180
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
30.006
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
74.079
55.079
102.132
3.587
7.0911
0.2389
5.1459
0.74905
1.6402
4.7417
2.3215
2.131
11.674
7.3363
6.037
12.38
7.5429
7.9797
5.9054
7.5239
6.3337
10.969
6.7735
5.518
12.23
7.2468
7.6376
6.5363
6.6142
5.4859
6.8907
5.4046
11.473
0.9008
1.8587
9.6741
5.1478
3.9109
7.3197
7.39
11.111
5.174
5.2359
3.5027
5.0573
5.4315
3.954
4.4158
8.3482
7.306
5.5769
6.916
2.9535
2.9209
6.8988
7.2542
5.8866
4.1492
4
4.9348
5.4327
0.3769
0.46468
0.3494
0.33017
0.40406
0.36494
0.3062
0.384
0.4056
0.45865
0.41735
0.38522
0.69869
−1.5966
−1.0341
0.61039
0.3991
0.3975
0.44327
0.40607
0.38467
0.69294
−1.2464
−0.7612
0.38718
0.58562
0.26207
0.40017
0.35299
0.37238
0.4542
0.30416
0.45399
0.37541
0.38681
1.2093
-0.1464
1.8011
0.39422
0.40465
0.3481
0.45827
0.3972
0.3512
0.44347
0.33172
0.4246
0.30346
0.1755
0.41367
0.78237
0.6458
0.79137
0.38533
0.36751
1.3936
0.41873
0.407
C3
C4
−0.317
0.27343
0.097854
4.6489
3.553
−0.54533
−0.35082
−2.7229
−2.1149
0.30683
0.12287
3.6797
2.7875
−0.36132
−2.0665
−1.6033
−0.40512
0.50642
0.22144
−0.43873
−0.4096
0.3183
−1.9114
1.4751
−2.1801
1.1591
−0.9208
1.0641
−0.19672
−0.22568
0.22394
0.16393
−0.77319
−0.5384
−0.66092
0.39246
0.3317
0.34223
−2.9465
1.794
Tmin, K
Hv at
Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
151.15
353.43
24.56
183.63
63.15
66.46
244.60
182.30
109.50
305.04
255.15
219.66
285.55
268.15
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
246.00
216.38
289.65
257.65
241.55
252.85
255.55
171.45
223.95
193.55
462.65
54.36
80.15
283.07
182.00
143.42
239.15
195.56
200.00
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
167.45
163.83
372.38
314.06
243.15
404.15
136.87
85.47
146.95
185.26
199.00
170.00
252.45
180.26
178.15
3.0567
5.2691
0.1803
4.5533
0.6024
1.4519
4.0220
1.6502
1.4578
9.2185
5.9779
5.0545
8.7232
8.2411
8.0370
4.9218
6.2506
5.2606
8.7246
5.5600
4.5898
8.4658
7.6793
7.3759
5.3646
5.2076
4.7927
5.8506
4.6743
8.3393
0.7742
1.6625
7.6728
4.4502
3.3968
5.3813
6.7005
6.6655
4.3663
4.2075
3.2232
4.4343
4.6322
3.4025
3.7321
6.9340
5.6577
4.8418
6.1001
2.4755
2.4787
5.8356
5.5370
5.0941
3.5675
3.0922
4.2005
4.6322
437.00
748.40
44.40
593.00
126.20
234.00
588.15
309.57
180.15
758.00
658.00
594.60
710.70
670.90
649.50
593.10
681.00
598.05
747.00
638.90
568.70
694.26
652.30
629.80
632.70
627.70
566.90
667.30
574.00
804.00
154.58
261.00
708.00
566.10
469.70
639.16
588.10
561.00
561.08
560.95
464.80
584.30
598.00
481.20
519.00
869.00
694.25
653.00
791.00
394.00
369.83
536.80
508.30
636.00
504.40
600.81
564.40
549.73
Hv
at Tmax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
59.110
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
4.4488
5.8887
2.5216
4.9687
4.2191
4.4782
8.07
6.49
2.4105
5.726
12.018
3.676
2.571
7.337
8.824
8.7165
9.0539
4.3021
6.8086
5.0642
4.9055
4.5854
4.9507
5.0929
8.4339
4.664
3.305
5.9996
5.9254
4.7711
4.991
10.687
10.686
7.2284
8.7274
4.77
3.649
3.4125
4.5659
5.2053
5.4626
5.5395
5.3819
0.39494
0.38534
0.33721
0.4025
0.41161
0.41073
0.295
0.3112
0.37988
0.4055
0.37149
0.4
0.383
0.5647
0.3224
0.44467
0.36972
0.43054
0.38904
0.40678
0.38756
0.37742
0.38013
0.4257
0.3663
0.354
0.35578
0.35709
0.37949
0.383
0.38
0.40074
0.40607
−1.5834
0.3765
0.4
0.4513
0.36278
0.3199
0.37289
0.37788
0.36695
−0.18399
0.22377
5.0913
−3.2171
0.043
−0.212
0.25795
188.36
173.55
87.89
180.25
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.65
197.67
223.15
289.95
298.15
329.35
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.99
373.96
234.94
178.18
236.50
267.76
158.45
156.08
247.79
229.33
165.78
172.22
398.40
354.00
247.57
288.45
180.35
173.15
119.36
178.35
273.16
225.30
247.98
286.41
3.6857
5.2110
2.3177
4.2162
3.6942
3.8723
7.1374
4.9933
1.4873
4.7128
8.7719
2.8753
1.6208
4.4303
8.8240
7.4548
7.2002
3.7610
5.7314
4.4565
3.1691
3.7484
4.3246
4.2130
6.8015
4.1011
2.8216
5.0818
5.0713
4.1561
4.3530
8.3906
8.5455
5.9240
8.9007
4.0619
2.9876
2.9491
3.9520
4.4733
4.6112
4.5859
4.2787
496.95
638.35
364.85
538.00
517.00
536.60
626.00
683.00
259.00
636.00
806.00
430.75
318.69
490.85
298.15
857.00
693.00
540.15
720.00
631.95
568.00
579.35
591.75
602.00
675.00
535.15
433.25
664.50
649.10
543.80
573.50
846.00
828.00
639.00
703.90
519.13
454.00
432.00
543.15
647.10
617.00
630.30
616.20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
88,240,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The heat of vaporization Hv is calculated by
Hv = C1(1 − Tr) C2+ C3T + C4T + C5T
r
2
r
3
r
where Tr = T/Tc, Tc is the critical temperature from Table 2-141, Hv is in J/kmol, and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but
are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-155
2-156
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
UNITS CONVERSIONS
To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to British thermal units
per pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 0.2388.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32
°R = 1.8 K
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
To convert calories per gram-kelvin to British thermal units per
pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0; to convert calories per
mole-kelvin to British thermal units per pound-mole-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0.
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
l
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c, sillimanite
c, disthene
c, andalusite
c, mullite
c
c
c
4.80 + 0.00322T
7.00
18.74 + 0.01866T
29.5
13.25 + 0.02800T
31.2
76
19.3
50.5
38.63 + 0.04760T − 449200/T 2
142
16.88 + 0.02266T
28.8
22.08 + 0.008971T − 522500/T 2
40.79 + 0.004763T − 992800/T 2
41.81 + 0.005283T − 1211000/T 2
43.96 + 0.001923T − 1086000/T 2
59.65 + 0.0670T
113.2 + 0.0652T
63.5
235
273–931
931–1273
273–370
370–407
273–465
465–504
288–327
288–326
288–326
273–1273
1273–1373
273–464
464–480
273–1973
273–1573
273–1673
273–1573
273–576
273–575
273–373
288–325
1
5
3
5
3
3
?
?
?
2
?
3
5
3
3
2
3
5
3
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.51 + 0.00178T
7.15
17.2 + 0.0293T
10.3 + 0.0511T
19.1 + 0.0171T
22.6 + 0.0162T
24.2 + 0.0132T
273–903
903–1273
273–370
273–346
273–929
273–1198
273–821
2
5
?
?
?
?
?
g
4.97
All
0
c
l
c
c
5.17 + 0.00234T
31.9
8.37 + 0.0486T
25.8
273–1168
286–371
273–548
293–373
5
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
17.0 + 0.00334T
28.2
37.3
51
17.26 + 0.0131T
30.0
34
39.8
21.35 + 0.0141T
273–1198
273–307
273–307
289–320
273–1083
1083–1255
273–297
285–371
273–1323
?
?
?
?
5
15
?
?
5
c
c
c
c
4.698 + 0.001555T − 121000/T 2
8.69 + 0.00365T − 313000/T 2
25.4
20.8
273–1173
273–1175
273–373
273–373
1
5
?
?
Substance
Aluminum1
Al
AlBr3
AlCl3
AlCl3·6H2O
AlF3
AlF3·3aH2O
AlF3·3NaF
AlI3
Al2O3
Al2O3·SiO2
3Al2O3·2SiO2
4Al2O3·3SiO2
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3·18H2O
Antimony
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
Sb2O3
Sb2O4
Sb2S3
Argon2
A
Arsenic
As
AsCl3
As2O3
As2S3
Barium
BaCl2
BaCl2·H2O
BaCl2·2H2O
Ba(ClO3)2·H2O
BaCO3
BaMoO4
Ba(NO3)2
BaSO4
Beryllium3,4
Be
BeO
BeO·Al2O3
BeSO4
Additional data are contained in the subsection “Thermodynamic
Properties.” Data on water are also contained in that subsection.
Additional tables for water are found in Eng. Sci. Data Item 68008,
251 Regent Street, London, England, which contains about 5000 values from 1 to 1000 bar, 0 to 1500 °C.
*From Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 371, 1934. For a revision see Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 477, 1948. Data for many elements and
compounds are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, for cryogenic temperatures. Tabulated data for gases can be obtained from
many of the references cited in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection and other tables in this section. Thinh, Duran, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 50, 98 (January 1971), review previous equation fits and give newer fits for 408 hydrocarbons and related compounds.
Later publications include Duran, Thinh, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 55, 153 (August 1976); Thompson, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 22(4), 431
(1977); and Passut and Danner, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 11, 543 (1972); 13, 193 (1974).
† The symbols in this column have the following meaning; c, crystal; l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance
Bismuth4
Bi
Bi2O3
Bi2S3
Boron
B
B2O3
BN
Bromine
Br2
Cadmium
Cd
CdO
CdS
CdSO4·8/3H2O
Calcium
Ca
CaCl2
CaCO3
CaF2
CaMg(CO3)2
CaMoO4
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2
CaO·MgO·2SiO2
CaO·SiO2
CaP2O6
CaSO4
CaSO4·2H2O
CaWO4
Carbon5
C
CH4
CO6
CO2
CS2
Cerium
Ce
CeO2
Ce2(MoO4)3
Ce2(SO4)3
Ce2(SO4)3·5H2O
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
CsF
CsI
Chlorine
Cl2
Chromium4
Cr
CrCl3
Cr2O3
CrSb
CrSb2
Cr2(SO4)3
Cobalt4
Co
CoAs2·CoS2
CoSb
Co2Sn
CoS
CoSO4·7H2O
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
l
c
c
5.38 + 0.00260T
7.60
23.27 + 0.01105T
30.4
273–544
544–1273
273–777
284–372
3
3
2
?
c
gls
gls
c
1.54 + 0.00440T
5.14 + 0.0320T
30.4
1.61 + 0.00400T
273–1174
273–513
513–623
273–1173
5
3
3
5
g
9.00
300–2000
5
c
l
c
c
c
5.46 + 0.002466T
7.13
9.65 + 0.00208T
12.9 + 0.00090T
51.3
273–594
594–973
273–2086
273–1273
293
1
5
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, anorthite
gls
c, diopside
gls
c, wollastonite
c, pseudowollastonite
gls
c
c
c
c
5.31 + 0.00333T
6.29 + 0.00140T
16.9 + 0.00386T
19.68 + 0.01189T − 307600/T 2
14.7 + 0.00380T
40.1
33
10.00 + 0.00484T − 108000/T 2
21.4
63.13 + 0.01500T − 1537000/T 2
67.41 + 0.01048T − 1874000/T 2
54.46 + 0.005746T − 1500000/T 2
51.68 + 0.009724T − 1308000/T 2
27.95 + 0.002056T − 745600/T 2
25.48 + 0.004132T − 488100/T 2
23.16 + 0.009672T − 487100/T 2
39.5
18.52 + 0.02197T − 156800/T 2
46.8
27.9
273–673
673–873
273–1055
273–1033
273–1651
299–372
273–297
273–1173
276–373
273–1673
273–973
273–1573
273–973
273–1573
273–1673
273–973
287–371
273–1373
282–373
292–322
2
2
?
3
?
?
?
2
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?
5
?
?
c, graphite
c, diamond
g
g
g
l
2.673 + 0.002617T − 116900/T 2
2.162 + 0.003059T − 130300/T 2
5.34 + 0.0115T
6.60 + 0.00120T
10.34 + 0.00274T − 195500/T 2
18.4
273–1373
273–1313
273–1200
273–2500
273–1200
293
2
3
2
1a
1a
?
c
c
c
c
c
5.88 + 0.00123T
15.1
96
66.4
131.6
273–908
273–373
273–297
273–373
273–319
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
g
c
c
c
c
1.96 + 0.0182T
8.00
4.97
12.6 + 0.00259T
11.7 + 0.00309T
11.3 + 0.00285T
11.6 + 0.00268T
273–301
302
All
273–909
273–752
273–957
273–894
3
3
0
?
?
?
?
g
8.28 + 0.00056T
273–2000
1a
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
4.84 + 0.00295T
9.70
23
26.0 + 0.00400T
12.3 + 0.00120T
19.2 + 0.00184T
67.4
273–1823
1823–1923
286–319
273–2263
273–1383
273–949
273–373
5
10
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.12 + 0.00333T
8.40
32.9
11.7 + 0.00156T
15.83 + 0.00950T
10.6 + 0.00251T
96
273–1763
1763–1873
283–373
273–1464
273–903
273–1373
286–303
5
5
?
?
2
?
?
2-157
2-158
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
5.44 + 0.001462T
7.50
9.88 + 0.00500T
16.78 + 0.00366T
19.61 + 0.01054T
12.1 + 0.00286T
20.1
10.87 + 0.003576T − 150600/T 2
29
10.6 + 0.00264T
9.38 + 0.0312T
20.9
24
13.73 + 0.01350T
21.79 + 0.00900T
20.85
20.35
20.3 + 0.00587T
24.1
31.3
49.0
67.2
273–1357
1357–1573
273–733
273–773
273–775
273–675
274–328
273–810
293–323
273–1273
273–376
376–1173
292–321
273–573
273–693
273–383
383–488
273–1135
282
282
282
282
1
3
2
2
2
?
?
2
?
?
3
2
?
2
2
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
g
6.50 + 0.00100T
300–3000
5
c
c
18.2 + 0.0252T
62.4
273–923
273–373
?
?
c
l
c, α
c, βγ
5.61 + 0.00144T
7.00
17.12 + 0.00465T
11.47 + 0.01756T
273–1336
1336–1573
273–628
628–713
2
5
1
?
g
4.97
All
0
g
g
g
g
g
l
g
g
c
l
4.97
6.62 + 0.00081T
6.80 + 0.00084T
6.70 + 0.00084T
6.93 + 0.00083T
See Tables 2-153 and 2-305
8.22 + 0.00015T + 0.00000134T 2
7.20 + 0.00360T
27
58
All
273–2500
273–2000
273–2000
273–2000
0
2
2
1a
2
300–2500
300–600
281
308
?
8
?
?
9.00
300–2000
5
Substance
Copper7
Cu
CuAl
CuAl2
Cu3Al
CuI
CuI2
CuO
CuO·SiO2·H2O
CuS
Cu2S
CuS·FeS
Cu2Sb
Cu2Sb
Cu2Se
Cu3Si
CuSO4
CuSO4·H2O
CuSO4·3H2O
CuSO4·5H2O
Fluorine8
F2
Gallium
Ga2O3
Ga2(SO4)3
Germanium4
Ge
Gold
Au
AuSb2
Helium9
He
Hydrogen10
H
H2
HBr
HCl
HI
H 2O
H 2S
H2S2O7
Indium
In
Iodine
I2
Iridium
Ir
Iron4
Fe
FeAs2
Fe3C
FeCO3
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
Fe2O3·3H2O
FeS
FeS2
FeSi
Fe2SiO4
FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
FeSO4·4H2O
FeSO4·7H2O
Krypton
Kr
State†
c
c
g
c
5.50 + 0.00148T
273–1873
1
c, α
c, β
c, γ
c, δ
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
4.13 + 0.00638T
6.12 + 0.00336T
8.40
10.0
8.15
17.8
25.17 + 0.00223T
22.7
12.62 + 0.001492T − 76200/T 2
24.72 + 0.01604T − 423400/T 2
41.17 + 0.01882T − 979500/T 2
47.8
2.03 + 0.0390T
12.05 + 0.00273T
10.7 + 0.01336T
10.54 + 0.00458T
33.57 + 0.01907T − 879700/T 2
22
66.2
63.6
96
273–1041
1041–1179
1179–1674
1674–1803
1803–1873
283–373
273–1173
293–368
273–1173
273–1097
273–1065
286–373
273–411
411–1468
273–773
273–903
273–1161
293–373
273–373
282
291–319
3
3
5
5
5
?
10
?
2
2
2
?
5
3
?
2
2
?
?
?
?
g
4.97
All
0
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance
Lanthanum
La
La2O3
La2(MoO4)3
La2(SO4)3
La2(SO4)3·9H2O
Lead4
Pb
Pb3(AsO4)2
PbB2O4
PbB4O7
PbBr2
PbCl2
2PbCl2·NH4Cl
PbCO3
PbCrO4
PbF2
PbI2
PbMoO4
Pb(NO3)2
PbO
PbO2
Pb2P2O7
PbS
PbSO4
PbS2O3
PbWO4
Lithium
Li
LiBr
LiBr·H2O
LiCl
LiCl·H2O
LiF
LiI
LiI·H2O
LiI·2H2O
LiI·3H2O
LiNO3
Magnesium4
Mg
MgAg
Mg4Al3
MgAu
Mg2Au
Mg3Au
MgCl2
MgCl2·6H2O
MgCO3
MgCu2
Mg2Cu
MgNi2
MgO
MgO·Al2O3
MgO·SiO2
6MgO·MgCl2·8B2O3
Mg(OH)2
Mg3Sb2
Mg2Si
MgSO4
MgSO4·H2O
MgSO4·6H2O
MgSO4·7H2O
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
c
c
c
c
5.91 + 0.00100T
22.6 + 0.00544T
86
66.9
152
273–1009
273–2273
273–307
273–373
273–319
?
?
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
5.77 + 0.00202T
6.8
65.5
26.5
41.4
18.13 + 0.00310T
27.4
15.88 + 0.00835T
27.2
53.1
21.1
29.1
16.5 + 0.00412T
18.66 + 0.00293T
32.3
30.4
36.4
10.33 + 0.00318T
12.7 + 0.00780T
48.3
10.63 + 0.00401T
26.4
29
35
273–600
600–1273
286–370
288–371
289–371
273–761
761–860
273–771
771–851
293
286–320
292–323
273–1091
273–648
648–776
292–322
286–320
273–544
273–?
284–371
273–873
293–372
293–373
273–297
2
5
?
?
?
2
10
2
10
?
?
?
?
2
20
?
?
2
?
?
3
?
?
?
c
g
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
0.68 + 0.0180T
4.97
11.5 + 0.00302T
22.6
11.0 + 0.00339T
23.6
8.20 + 0.00520T
12.5 + 0.00208T
23.6
32.9
43.2
9.17 + 0.0360T
26.8
273–459
All
273–825
278–318
273–887
279–360
273–1117
273–723
277–359
277–345
277–347
273–523
523–575
10
0
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
5
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, amphibole
c, pyroxene
gls
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
6.20 + 0.00133T − 67800/T 2
7.4
10.58 + 0.00412T
34.4 + 0.0198T
11.3 + 0.00189T
16.2 + 0.00451T
21.2 + 0.00614T
17.3 + 0.00377T
77.1
16.9
14.96 + 0.00776T
15.5 + 0.00652T
15.87 + 0.00692T
10.86 + 0.001197T − 208700/T 2
28
25.60 + 0.004380T − 674200/T 2
23.35 + 0.008062T − 558800/T 2
23.30 + 0.007734T − 542000/T 2
58.7 + 0.408T
107.2 + 0.2876T
18.2
28.2 + 0.00560T
15.4 + 0.00415T
26.7
33
80
89
273–923
923–1048
273–905
273–736
273–1433
273–1073
273–1103
273–991
292–342
290
273–903
273–843
273–903
273–2073
288–319
273–1373
273–773
273–973
273–538
538–623
292–323
273–1234
273–1343
296–372
282
282
291–319
1
10
2
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
3
?
2
2
?
1
1
1
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
2-159
2-160
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c, α
c, β
c, γ
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
3.76 + 0.00747T
5.06 + 0.00395T
4.80 + 0.00422T
11.0
16.2 + 0.00520T
7.79 + 0.0421T + 0.0000090T 2
7.43 + 0.01038T − 0.00000362T 2
10.33 + 0.0530T − 0.0000257T 2
19.25 + 0.0538T − 0.0000209T 2
1.92 + 0.0471T − 0.0000297T 2
31
10.21 + 0.00656T − 0.00000242T 2
27.5
78
273–1108
1108–1317
1317–1493
1493–1673
273–923
273–773
273–1923
273–1173
273–1773
273–773
291–322
273–1883
293–373
290–319
5
5
5
10
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
l
g
g
c
c
c
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
6.61
4.97
9.00
11.05 + 0.00370T
15.3 + 0.0103T
25
11.4 + 0.00461T
17.4 + 0.004001T
20.2
11.5
10.9 + 0.00365T
31.0
273–630
All
300–2000
273–798
273–553
285–319
273–563
273–403
403–523
278–371
273–853
273–307
1
0
5
?
?
?
?
3
3
?
?
?
c
c
c
5.69 + 0.00188T − 50300/T 2
15.1 + 0.0121T
19.7 + 0.00315T
273–1773
273–1068
273–729
5
?
?
g
4.97
All
0
c, α
c, β
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
4.26 + 0.00640T
6.99 + 0.000905T
8.55
11.3 + 0.00215T
9.25 + 0.00640T
15.8 + 0.00329T
10.0 + 0.00312T
20.78 + 0.0102T
33.4
82
11.00 + 0.00433T
273–626
626–1725
1725–1903
273–1273
273–597
273–1582
273–1273
273–904
293–373
291–325
273–700
2
5
10
?
3
?
?
2
?
?
2
g
g
c
c, α
c, β
c
c
c
g
6.50 + 0.00100T
6.70 + 0.00630T
22.8
9.80 + 0.0368T
5.0 + 0.0340T
17.8
31.8
51.6
8.05 + 0.000233T − 156300/T 2
300–3000
300–800
274–328
273–457
457–523
273–328
273–293
275–328
300–5000
3
1a
?
5
5
?
?
?
2
c
5.686 + 0.000875T
273–1877
1
g
8.27 + 0.000258T − 187700/T
300–5000
1
Substance
Manganese
Mn
MnCl2
MnCO3
MnO
Mn2O3
Mn3O4
MnO2
Mn2O3·H2O
MnS
MnSO4
MnSO4·5H2O
Mercury11
Hg
Hg2
HgCl
HgCl2
Hg(CN)2
HgI
HgI2
HgO
HgS
Hg2SO4
Molybdenum
Mo
MoO3
MoS2
Neon12
Ne
Nickel4
Ni
NiO
NiS
Ni2Si
NiSi
Ni3Sn
NiSO4
NiSO4·6H2O
NiTe
Nitrogen13
N2
NH3
NH4Br
NH4Cl
NH4I
NH4NO3
(NH4)2SO4
NO
Osmium
Os
Oxygen14
O2
Palladium
Pd
Phosphorus
P
PCl3
P4O10
Platinum4
Pt
Potassium
K
State†
2
c
5.41 + 0.00184T
273–1822
2
c, yellow
c, red
l
l
c
g
5.50
0.21 + 0.0180T
6.6
28.7
15.72 + 0.1092T
73.6
273–317
273–472
317–373
284–371
273–631
631–1371
5
10
10
?
2
3
c
5.92 + 0.00116T
273–1873
1
c
l
5.24 + 0.00555T
7.7
273–336
336–373
5
5
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance
Potassium—(Cont.)
K
K2
KAsO3
KBO2
K2B4O7
KBr
KCl
KClO3
KClO4
2KCl·CuCl2.2H2O
2KCl·PtCl4
2KCl·SnCl4
2KCl·ZnCl2
2KCN·Zn(CN)2
K2CO3
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KF
K4Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O
KH2AsO4
KH2PO4
KHSO4
KMnO4
KNO3
K2O·Al2O3·3SiO2
K4P2O7
K2SO4
K2S2O3
K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O
K2SO4·Cr2(SO4)3·24H2O
K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O
K2SO4·NiSO4·6H2O
K2SO4·ZnSO4·6H2O
Prometheum
Pr
Radon
Rn
Rhenium
Re
Rhodium
Rh
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
RbCl
Rb2CO3
RbF
RbI
Scandium
Sc2O3
Sc2(SO4)3
Selenium
Se
Silicon
Si
SiC
SiCl4
SiO2
Silver4
Ag
State†
g
g
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c, orthoclase
gls, orthoclase
c, microcline
gls, microcline
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
4.97
9.00
25.3
12.6 + 0.0126T
51.3
11.49 + 0.00360T
10.93 + 0.00376T
25.7
26.3
63
55
54.5
43.4
57.4
29.9
35.9
42.80 + 0.0410T
96.9
10.8 + 0.00284T
80.1
114.5
32
28.3
30
28
6.42 + 0.0530T
28.8
29.5
69.26 + 0.00821T − 2331000/T 2
69.81 + 0.01053 − 2403000/T 2
65.65 + 0.01102T − 1748000/T 2
64.83 + 0.01438T − 1641000/T 2
63.1
33.1
37
352
324
106
107
120
All
300–2000
290–372
273–1220
290–372
273–543
273–1043
289–371
287–318
292–323
286–319
292–323
279–319
277–319
296–372
289–371
273–671
671–757
273–1129
273–319
273–310
289–319
290–320
292–324
287–318
273–401
401–611
611–683
273–1373
273–1373
273–1373
273–1373
290–371
287–371
293–373
292–322
292–324
292–323
289–319
293–317
0
5
?
?
?
2
2
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
10
5
10
1a
1a
1a
1a
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
c
g
4.97
All
0
c
6.30 + 0.00053T
273–2273
?
c
5.40 + 0.00219T
273–1877
2
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
3.27 + 0.0131T
7.85
11.6 + 0.00255T
11.5 + 0.00249T
28.4
11.3 + 0.00256T
11.6 + 0.00263T
273–312
312–373
273–954
273–987
291–320
273–1048
273–913
2
5
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
21.1
62.0
273–373
273–373
?
?
c
l
4.53 + 0.00550T
8.35
273–490
490–570
2
3
c
c
l
c, quartz, α
c, quartz, β
c, cristobalite, α
c, cristobalite, β
gls
5.74 + 0.000617T − 101000/T 2
8.89 + 0.00291T − 284000/T 2
32.4
10.87 + 0.008712T − 241200/T 2
10.95 + 0.00550T
3.65 + 0.0240T
17.09 + 0.000454T − 897200/T 2
12.80 + 0.00447T − 302000/T 2
273–1174
273–1629
293–373
273–848
848–1873
273–523
523–1973
273–1973
2
2
?
1
3a
2a
2
3a
c
l
5.60 + 0.00150T
8.2
273–1234
1234–1573
1
3
2-161
2-162
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance
Silver—(Cont.)
Ag3Al
Ag2Al
AgAl12
AgBr
AgCl
AgCNO
AgI
AgNO3
Ag3PO4
Ag2S
Ag3Sb
Ag2Se
Sodium15
Na
NaBO2
Na2B4O7
Na2B4O7·10H2O
NaBr
NaCl
NaClO3
NaCNO
Na2CO3
NaF
Na2HPO4·7H2O
Na2HPO4·12H2O
NaI
NaNO3
Na2O·Al2O3·3SiO2
NaPO3
Na4P2O7
Na2SO4
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3·5H2O
Sodium-potassium alloys15
Strontium
SrBr2
SrBr2·H2O
SrBr2·6H2O
SrCl2
SrCl2·H2O
SrCl2·2H2O
SrCO3
SrI2
SrI2·H2O
SrI2·2H2O
SrI2·6H2O
SrMoO4
Sr(NO3)2
SrSO4
Sulfur16
S
S2
S2Cl2
SO2
Tantalum
Ta
Tellurium
Te
Thallium
Tl
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c, α
c, α
c, β
l
c
c, α
c, β
c
c, α
c, β
22.56 + 0.00570T
16.85 + 0.00450T
58.62 + 0.0575T
8.58 + 0.0141T
14.9
9.60 + 0.00929T
14.05
18.7
8.58 + 0.0141T
18.83 + 0.0160T
25.7
30.2
37.5
18.8
21.8
19.53 + 0.0160T
20.2
20.4
273–902
273–903
273–768
273–703
703–836
273–728
728–806
273–353
273–423
273–433
433–482
482–541
293–325
273–448
448–597
273–694
273–406
406–460
2
2
5
6
5
2
5
?
6
2
5
5
?
5
5
5
5
5
c
l
g
c
c
c
c
c
l
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
l
c, albite
gls
c
c
c
c
c
l
5.01 + 0.00536T
7.50
4.97
10.4 + 0.0199T
47.9
147
11.74 + 0.00233T
10.79 + 0.00420T
15.9
9.48 + 0.0468T
31.8
13.1
28.9
10.4 + 0.00289T
86.6
133.4
12.5 + 0.00162T
4.56 + 0.0580T
37.2
63.78 + 0.01171T − 1678000/T 2
61.25 + 0.01768T − 1545000/T 2
22.1
60.7
32.8
34.9
86.2
273–371
371–451
All
273–1239
289–371
292–323
273–543
273–1074
1073–1205
273–528
528–572
273–353
288–371
273–1261
275–307
275–307
273–936
273–583
583–703
273–1373
273–1173
290–319
290–371
289–371
273–307
273–307
1a
2
0
?
?
?
2
2
3
3
5
?
?
?
?
?
?
5
10
1
1
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
18.1 + 0.00311T
28.9
82.1
18.2 + 0.00244T
28.7
38.3
21.8
18.6 + 0.00304T
28.5
39.1
84.9
37
38.3
26.2
273–923
277–370
276–327
273–1143
276–365
277–366
281–371
273–783
276–363
275–336
275–333
273–297
290–320
293–369
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
c, rhombic
c, monoclinic
g
l
g
3.63 + 0.00640T
4.38 + 0.00440T
8.58 + 0.00030T
27.5
7.70 + 0.00530T − 0.00000083T 2
273–368
368–392
300–2500
273–332
300–2500
3
3
5
?
2a
c
5.91 + 0.00099T
273–1173
2
c
5.19 + 0.00250T
273–600
3
c, α
c, β
5.32 + 0.00385T
8.12
273–500
500–576
1
1
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Substance
Thallium—(Cont.)
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
Thorium
Th
ThO2
Th(SO4)2
Tin4
Sn
SnAu
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnO
SnO2
SnPt
SnS
SnS2
Titanium
Ti
TiCl4
TiO2
Tungsten
W
WO3
Uranium
U
U3O8
Vanadium
V
Xenon
Xe
Zinc4
Zn
ZnCl2
ZnO
ZnS
ZnSb
ZnSO4
ZnSO4·H2O
ZnSO4·6H2O
ZnSO4·7H2O
Zirconium
ZrO2
ZrO2·SiO2
1
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure
(T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K),
cal/(molK)
Range of
temperature,
K
Uncertainty,
%
l
c
l
c
l
7.12
12.53 + 0.00100T
16.0
12.56 + 0.00088T
14.2
576–773
273–733
733–800
273–700
700–803
3
10
10
5
10
c
c
c
6.40
14.6 + 0.00507T
41.2
273–373
273–1273
273–373
?
?
?
c
l
c
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
5.05 + 0.00480T
6.6
11.79 + 0.00233T
16.2 + 0.00926T
38.4
9.40 + 0.00362T
13.94 + 0.00565T − 252000/T 2
11.49 + 0.00190T
12.1 + 0.00165T
20.5 + 0.00400T
273–504
504–1273
273–581
273–520
286–371
273–1273
273–1373
273–1318
273–1153
273–873
2
10
1
?
?
?
?
1
?
?
c
l
c
8.91 + 0.00114T − 433000/T 2
35.7
11.81 + 0.00754T − 41900/T 2
273–713
285–372
273–713
3
?
3
c
c
5.65 + 0.00866
16.0 + 0.00774T
273–2073
273–1550
1
?
c
c
6.64
59.8
273–372
276–314
?
?
c
5.57 + 0.00097T
273–1993
?
g
4.97
All
0
c
l
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
5.25 + 0.00270T
7.59 + 0.00055T
15.9 + 0.00800T
11.40 + 0.00145T − 182400/T 2
12.81 + 0.00095T − 194600/T 2
11.5 + 0.00313T
28
34.7
80.8
100.2
273–692
692–1122
273–638
273–1573
273–1173
273–810
293–373
282
282
273–307
1
3
?
1
5
?
?
?
?
?
c
c
11.62 + 0.01046T − 177700/T 2
26.7
273–1673
297–372
5
?
See also Table 2-152. Data to 298 K are also given by Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959.
For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957 (Fig. 5), gives data from 400 to 2600°R.
4
See also Table 2-152.
5
For data from 400 to 5500 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1975 (Fig. 4).
6
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
7
For data from 400 to 2350 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957.
8
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
9
For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
10
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
11
See also Table 2-152; Douglas, Ball, et al., Bur. Stand. J. Res., 46 (1951): 334; Busey and Giaque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75 (1953): 806;
Sheldon, ASME Pap. 49-A-30, 1949.
12
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960.
13
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960.
14
For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. Ozone: For liquid see Brabets and Waterman, J. Chem.
Phys., 28 (1958): 1212.
15
For data on liquid Na-K alloys to 1500 °F and for liquid Na to 1460 °F, see Lubarsky and Kaufman, NACA Rep. 1270, 1956.
16
See also Evans and Wagman, Bur. Stand. J. Res. 49 (1952): 141; Gratch, OTS PB 124957, 1950; Guthrie, Scott et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
76 (1954): 1488.
2
3
2-163
2-164
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-152
Specific Heat [kJ/(kg·K)] of Selected Elements
Temperature, K
Symbol
4
6
8
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
250
300
400
600
800
Al
Be
Bi
Cr
Co
0.00026
0.00008
0.00054
0.00016
0.00036
0.00050
0.00088
0.214
0.357
0.00541
0.00050
0.00085
0.0089
0.0014
0.0340
0.0021
0.0048
0.0775
0.00220
0.00029
0.00059
0.00140
0.00028
0.01040
0.00081
0.00121
0.0729
0.0107
0.0404
0.092
0.059
0.110
0.102
0.127
0.184
0.481
0.195
0.109
0.190
0.234
0.797
1.109
0.120
0.382
0.376
0.859
1.537
0.121
0.424
0.406
0.902
1.840
0.122
0.450
0.426
0.949
2.191
0.123
0.501
0.451
1.042
2.605
0.142
0.565
0.509
1.134
2.823
0.136
0.611
0.543
Cu
Ge
Au
Ir
Fe
0.00011
0.00024
0.00018
0.00047
0.00048
0.00037
0.00126
0.137
0.108
0.084
0.203
0.153
0.100
0.00061
0.00090
0.0076
0.0129
0.0163
0.0021
0.0039
0.059
0.0619
0.0569
0.00038
0.00086
0.00081
0.00255
0.00032
0.00127
0.0276
0.086
0.154
0.254
0.192
0.109
0.090
0.216
0.357
0.286
0.124
0.122
0.384
0.377
0.305
0.127
0.128
0.422
0.386
0.323
0.129
0.131
0.450
0.396
0.343
0.131
0.133
0.491
0.431
0.364
0.136
0.140
0.555
0.448
0.377
0.141
0.146
0.692
Pb
Mg
Hg
Mo
Ni
0.00075
0.00034
0.00417
0.00011
0.00054
0.00242
0.00080
0.01420
0.00019
0.00086
0.00747
0.00155
0.01820
0.00032
0.00121
0.01350
0.00172
0.02250
0.00050
0.00178
0.0531
0.0148
0.0515
0.0029
0.0058
0.0944
0.138
0.0895
0.0236
0.0380
0.108
0.336
0.107
0.061
0.103
0.114
0.513
0.116
0.105
0.173
0.118
0.648
0.121
0.140
0.232
0.125
0.929
0.136
0.223
0.383
0.127
0.985
0.141
0.241
0.416
1.129
1.005
0.139
0.248
0.444
0.132
1.082
0.136
0.261
0.490
0.142
1.177
0.135
0.280
0.590
1.263
0.104
0.292
0.530
Pt
Ag
Sn
Zn
0.00019
0.00016
0.00024
0.00011
0.00028
0.00035
0.00127
0.00029
0.00067
0.00093
0.00423
0.00096
0.00112
0.00186
0.00776
0.00250
0.0077
0.0159
0.0400
0.0269
0.0382
0.0778
0.108
0.123
0.069
0.133
0.149
0.205
0.088
0.166
0.173
0.258
0.101
0.187
0.189
0.295
0.127
0.225
0.214
0.366
0.132
0.232
0.220
0.380
0.134
0.236
0.222
0.389
0.136
0.240
0.245
0.404
0.140
0.251
0.257
0.435
0.146
0.264
0.257
0.479
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)]
2-165
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia [use Eq. (2)]
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol [use Eq. (2)]
1,3-Butanediol [use Eq. (2)]
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide [use Eq. (2)]
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
39.948
121.137
78.112
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
115,100
102,300
139,640
36,600
135,600
97,582
−122,020
103,090
55,300
109,900
−214,460
61.289
150,940
134,390
161,440
129,440
162,940
119,780
−5,480
93,383
156,130
−334,997
87,500
100,320
121,770
179,400
121,600
94,364
129,730
135,150
128,860
191,030
55.136
42.152
191,200
426,790
182,050
126,680
112,760
111,850
182,470
232,190
197,890
136,340
65,682
237,700
104,000
−8,304,300
85,600
65.429
−752,700
104,600
63,936
−1,307,500
127,900
124,850
96,910
132,280
69,362
−433
128.7
−320.8
511
−177
−122.2
3,082.7
−247.8
300
−109.75
9,185.1
80,925
93.455
−1,989.4
260.66
−169.5
−344.94
180.34
647.12
242.61
454.49
3,644.21
480
346.89
429.3
−667.11
−9.45
−109.12
−596.54
−311.14
−323.1
−1,675
314,200
324,580
−730.4
−3,694.6
−1,611
−65.47
−104.7
384.52
−13.912
−804.35
−491.54
−300.4
1,329.1
−746.4
174
104,370
−122
28,723
8,966.1
−500.6
46.35
15,338
−345.15
−166.34
−207.9
−153.27
215.01
1.425
C4
C5
0.8985
0.2837
0.34085
−15.895
1.0343
0.35441
−106.12
799.4
0.23602
11.043
0.000689
0.027732
0.41616
−2,651
0.64781
0.85562
−7.77514
1.0701
0.358
0.44032
2.16
0.97007
1.015
12.5
280.19
517.35
2.2998
13.828
11.963
−0.64
0.5214
0.72897
2.7063
1.7219
1.0216
−7.1579
1.829
−433.33
0.5605
−847.39
−30.394
2.2851
−0.1623
−53.974
0.915
0.43209
0.37456
0.50836
0.00591102
−0.0024234
−0.0001523
0.000032
−0.03874
1,413.9
1,449.5
−0.0135
−0.037454
0.002912
4.6121E-05
4.5027E-05
−0.0023017
−0.0012499
0.012755
0.60052
−0.001452
1,959.6
0.034455
0.063483
0.000488
2.008E-06
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
150.15
354.15
289.81
250.00
178.45
229.32
192.40
253.00
286.15
189.63
75.00
203.15
298.15
83.78
403.00
278.68
278.68
258.27
395.45
260.40
321.35
257.85
275.65
243.95
342.20
265.90
293.15
160.00
184.45
136.95
165.00
134.86
220.00
196.15
183.85
158.45
87.80
134.26
167.62
298.15
185.30
157.46
133.02
147.43
176.75
267.95
161.25
220.00
161.11
68.15
250.33
89.56
172.12
227.95
134.80
233.15
175.43
150.35
200.00
0.8221
1.4788
1.2213
1.6435
1.1696
0.8748
0.8021
1.0660
1.4114
1.0183
0.5307
0.7575
1.9978
0.4523
2.6649
1.3251
1.3326
1.6636
2.5042
1.5656
3.0218
1.8905
2.1981
1.8494
2.6868
0.7768
1.4960
0.8818
0.7798
1.1034
1.0333
1.1272
1.5590
0.6251
1.3465
1.3485
1.1015
1.1340
1.0986
2.2649
2.0492
1.6365
1.6003
1.1426
1.4741
1.6902
1.3206
0.7827
0.7577
0.5912
1.2763
0.7810
0.6711
1.3617
0.9800
1.0956
0.7460
1.2073
1.1236
294.00
571.00
391.05
350.00
329.44
354.75
250.00
379.50
375.00
400.00
115.00
401.15
484.20
135.00
563.15
353.24
500.00
442.29
450.00
464.15
640.00
478.60
458.15
472.03
533.37
331.90
495.08
320.00
276.71
290.00
350.00
400.00
670.00
670.00
391.90
372.90
380.00
350.00
274.03
399.26
400.00
390.00
370.00
298.15
300.00
436.42
390.75
290.00
552.00
132.00
388.71
145.10
239.12
360.00
340.00
366.48
373.15
319.67
308.85
1.1097
1.7579
1.5159
2.1545
1.3271
0.9713
0.8853
1.5801
1.6780
1.2271
0.7132
4.1847
2.5153
0.6708
3.0823
1.5040
2.0437
1.9954
2.8572
2.0599
4.4700
2.7617
3.0741
2.6406
3.5075
0.7587
2.0467
1.0453
0.7870
1.2279
1.4148
2.2237
5.2045
5.2437
2.5817
2.7190
1.8103
1.5022
1.2322
2.6537
2.9354
1.9359
1.8844
1.3759
1.6459
2.6031
1.7199
1.6603
1.3125
6.4799
1.6374
0.8007
0.6574
1.8101
1.1632
1.2192
0.9684
1.3523
1.3577
2-166
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Continued)
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane [use Eq. (2)]
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
108.138 −246,700
108.138 −185,150
108.138
259,980
120.192
61,723
52.035
65,516
56.106
101,920
84.159 −220,600
100.159
−40,000
98.143
6,110.4
82.144
105,850
70.133
122,530
68.117
125,380
42.080
89,952
116.224
177,560
156.265
150,460
142.282
278,620
172.265
219,840
158.281 4,988,500
140.266
417,440
174.347
314,570
138.250
276,900
4.032
187.861
149,400
187.861
200,560
173.835
202,580
130.228
270,720
147.002
114,880
147.002
93,093
147.002
133,950
98.959
126,340
98.959
179,170
84.933
98,968
112.986
144,560
112.986
111,560
105.136
184,200
73.137
101,330
74.122
44,400
90.187
238,520
66.050
67.155
66.050
82,577
52.023
263,980
101.190
98,434
102.175
163,000
114.185
179,270
90.121
187,790
104.148
199,930
54.090
88,153
45.084 −214,870
86.175
129,450
112.213
134,500
112.213
150,130
112.213
155,560
94.199
171,580
46.068
110,100
73.094
147,900
100.202
146,420
194.184
206,560
60.170
131,810
C1
C2
C3
3,256.8
3,148
−1,112.3
494.81
144.7
−215.81
3,118.3
853
600.94
−60
−403.8
−349.7
−196.63
−179.12
586.63
−197.91
140.41
−52,898
−1,616.5
−160.93
−371.23
−7.4202
−8.0367
4.9427
0.0060467
0.007254
−0.0054367
0.063229
0.8103
−9.4216
0.010687
−231.8
−491.44
−726.3
−259.83
187.25
183.97
−24.84
−94.63
−444.74
−62.941
−53.605
149.44
286
243.18
1,301
−1,038.4
105,580
109.85
−1,791.1
429.04
−4.5
28.37
−313.41
−191.5
124.16
3,787.2
18.5
8.765
−62.38
−145.26
−256.67
−157.47
−106
59.2
325.75
0.68
1.7344
1.143
0.65237
0.76723
1.0737
0.9968
216.35
5.3948
0.95561
1.5774
C4
−0.0010975
−0.37538
−0.004348
0.5946
0.9187
1.3377
0.95427
0.2314
0.48191
0.32
0.93009
0.23265
0.30617
−5.5
4.0587
310.21
0.008763
−0.0044691
−490.54
4.3666
0.62
0.5375
1.1023
0.87664
−13.781
0.608
0.81151
0.8851
1.0932
0.5727
0.51853
0.384
0.604
C5
0.016924
0.00023674
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
285.39
304.20
307.93
177.14
200.08
190.00
279.69
296.60
290.00
169.67
179.28
138.13
150.00
189.64
267.15
243.51
304.75
280.05
206.89
247.56
229.15
2.1895
2.3297
2.2740
1.4937
0.9700
0.9017
1.4836
2.1300
1.8038
1.1525
0.9956
0.9888
0.7514
1.7118
3.0718
2.9409
3.5521
3.5373
2.7541
3.3330
2.7466
400.00
400.00
400.00
425.56
300.08
298.15
400.00
434.00
489.75
356.12
322.40
317.38
298.15
431.95
488.15
460.00
543.15
503.00
443.75
512.35
447.15
2.5578
2.5243
2.5794
2.7229
1.1463
1.0961
2.0323
3.3020
3.0042
1.7072
1.3584
1.2953
0.8932
2.4334
4.3682
4.1478
5.9017
5.0169
3.8250
4.8297
4.2629
210.15
282.85
240.00
175.30
248.39
273.15
326.14
176.19
237.49
180.00
180.00
275.00
301.15
223.35
156.92
181.95
154.56
215.00
200.00
275.00
187.65
204.81
159.95
226.10
240.91
180.96
145.19
239.66
223.16
184.99
188.44
131.65
273.82
90.00
274.16
298.15
1.2695
1.3506
1.0532
2.5450
1.6139
1.6061
1.7711
1.1960
1.2601
0.9518
1.4483
1.5266
2.7033
1.5564
1.4698
1.5703
0.9915
1.0619
0.8042
2.1642
1.8399
2.0763
1.6586
2.0145
1.1806
1.1947
1.4495
1.8321
1.8029
1.6610
1.4355
0.9836
1.4767
1.5664
2.9587
1.3181
381.15
410.00
370.10
450.00
400.00
528.75
513.56
330.45
356.59
320.00
361.25
369.52
541.54
328.60
460.00
322.08
359.98
283.65
250.00
357.05
341.45
410.00
337.45
366.15
300.13
298.15
331.13
392.70
402.94
396.58
360.00
250.00
466.44
380.00
360.00
298.15
1.4743
1.5350
1.1701
3.4704
1.8978
2.5506
2.4829
1.3001
1.3885
1.0265
1.6515
1.6678
3.3908
1.8124
3.3202
1.7579
1.6874
1.1374
0.8912
2.5162
2.3375
2.8126
2.0755
2.4734
1.2542
1.3779
2.0224
2.6309
2.6870
2.6989
1.5340
1.0314
1.8200
2.5613
3.2383
1.3181
2-167
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane [use Eq. (2)]
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane [use Eq. (2)]
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
62.134
146,950
78.133
240,300
194.184
190,020
88.105
956,860
170.207
134,160
101.190
49,120
170.335
508,210
282.547
352,720
30.069
44.009
46.068
102,640
88.105
226,230
45.084
121,700
106.165
154,040
150.175
124,500
116.158
56,359
116.158
82,434
112.213
132,360
98.186
178,520
28.053
247,390
60.098
184,440
62.068
35,540
43.068
46,848
44.053
144,710
74.079
80,000
144.211
207,670
130.228
146,040
88.148
106,250
100.159
229,250
62.134
134,670
102.132
76,330
88.148
103,680
163.506
105,150
37.997
−94,585
37.997 1724,400
96.102 −991,200
48.060
85,663
34.033
74,746
30.026
61,900
45.041
63,400
46.026
78,060
68.074
114,370
4.003
387,220
4.003
410,430
240.468
376,970
114.185
222,360
100.202
61.26
130.185
194,570
116.201 2,416,800
116.201
283,127
114.185
270,730
114.185
265,040
98.186
267,950
132.267
236,870
96.170
46,798
226.441
370,350
100.159
117,700
86.175
172,120
116.158
161,980
102.175 1,638,600
102.175
267,628
100.159
208,250
100.159
235,960
84.159
164,640
−380.06
−595
431.04
−5,559.9
447.67
562.24
−1,368.7
807.32
89,718
−139.63
−624.8
38.993
−142.29
370.6
603.02
422.45
72.74
−518.35
−4,428
−150.2
436.78
205.35
−758.87
223.6
−17.907
458.22
292.15
−404.54
−234.39
400.1
726.3
85.318
7,529.9
−59,924
11,734
−118.56
−132.32
28.3
150.6
71.54
−215.69
−465,570
−464,890
347.82
−105.17
314,410
−23.206
−26,105
−1,037.63
−399.89
−375.68
−1,315.9
−158.01
761.13
231.47
329.52
−183.78
44.116
−17,261
−1,033.06
−107.47
−345.94
−200.37
1.2035
1.013
−0.00084787
9.6124
3.1015
0.2122
918.77
−0.030341
1.472
−1,886
0.0020386
0.80539
0.20992
0.64738
2.3255
40.936
0.37044
−0.18486
−0.0016818
−0.1697
2.8261
−0.003064
0.00026816
1.0493
1.1382
0.59656
−2.6047
0.46693
−139.6
537.85
−40.669
0.55459
0.53772
0.72691
211,800
135,100
0.57895
0.65074
1,824.6
0.88395
110.03
3.44064
1.0601
1.0024
6.5242
0.78982
−0.62882
0.68632
0.88734
0.709
71.721
3.35185
0.2062
0.94278
0.8784
0.0040957
1.1301
−0.0033241
0.047333
−42,494
3212.9
−2,547.9
−0.19172
0.00011968
−0.011994
9.3808E-06
−0.12026
0.000071087
0.00070293
174.88
291.67
423.40
284.95
300.03
277.90
263.57
309.58
92.00
159.05
189.60
192.15
178.20
238.45
258.15
285.50
161.84
134.71
104.00
284.29
260.15
250.00
160.65
254.20
235.00
298.15
298.15
204.15
125.26
298.15
145.65
167.55
58.00
53.48
239.99
140.00
140.00
204.00
292.00
281.45
187.55
2.20
1.80
295.13
229.80
182.57
265.83
239.15
230.00
234.15
238.15
154.12
229.92
200.00
291.31
217.15
177.83
269.25
228.55
223.00
217.35
217.50
133.39
1.1276
1.5293
3.7252
1.5306
2.6847
2.0537
3.6292
6.2299
0.6855
0.8787
1.6068
1.2919
1.5426
2.1287
2.1203
2.2015
1.6109
1.4678
0.7012
1.7168
1.3666
0.9819
0.8303
1.3684
2.6141
2.8266
1.9335
1.9410
1.1467
1.9562
1.6686
1.3255
0.5541
0.5798
1.3675
0.7994
0.6676
0.6767
1.0738
0.9820
0.9949
0.1087
0.1135
5.3005
2.3256
1.9989
2.5087
2.3590
2.2649
2.3522
2.3242
1.8150
2.4229
1.7387
4.9602
1.8926
1.6750
2.2526
1.9821
2.0394
2.0185
2.0532
1.5354
310.48
422.15
466.35
374.47
570.00
407.90
330.00
616.93
290.00
390.00
350.21
289.73
409.35
486.55
466.95
428.25
404.95
301.82
252.70
390.41
493.15
329.00
283.85
374.20
510.10
417.15
326.15
386.55
315.25
410.00
320.00
371.05
98.00
56.00
319.99
240.00
220.00
234.00
493.00
380.00
304.50
4.60
2.10
575.30
381.25
520.00
496.15
448.60
432.90
480.00
490.00
366.79
460.00
372.93
560.01
401.45
460.00
478.85
460.00
585.30
460.00
460.00
336.63
1.1959
1.6965
3.9104
2.2277
3.8933
2.7846
3.9429
9.3154
1.2444
1.6450
1.8796
1.3300
2.3075
3.0482
3.3794
3.0185
2.6798
1.8767
0.9758
1.8226
2.0598
1.1441
0.8693
1.6367
4.7157
3.3719
2.0153
2.4295
1.2007
2.4037
2.0358
2.0109
0.5966
0.5535
1.5018
0.8915
0.7166
0.6852
1.3765
1.0525
1.1609
0.2965
0.2995
7.6869
2.7685
4.0657
4.0065
3.8766
4.7873
3.2303
3.2163
2.4096
3.3131
2.4319
7.1521
2.4999
2.7534
3.4568
3.5197
8.1124
2.7087
2.7632
1.9673
2-168
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Continued)
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen [use Eq. (2)]
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide [use Eq. (2)]
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane [use Eq. (2)]
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
82.144
118.240
82.144
82.144
32.045
2.016
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
82,795
303,320
93,000
94,860
79,815
66.653
57,720
47,300
95,398
62,520
64.666
127,540
−32,469
157,850
146,290
65.708
105,800
62,600
61,260
79,791
275,500
92,520
125,630
135,370
108,300
74,200
247,870
149,510
151,600
81,919
177,850
198,390
105,200
102,930
47,726
131,340
50,578
118,600
118,170
155,920
53,271
46,457
27,030
85,383
132,300
161,240
130,200
92,919
183,650
149,770
143,440
191,170
211,170
115,300
255,100
226,650
142,220
251,890
172,370
283.4
−1,009
326
254.15
50.929
6,765.9
9.9
90
−197.52
−223.02
49,354
−65.35
1,977.1
−41.619
−58.59
38,883
−362.23
243.4
270.9
89.49
−1,147
37.45
279.75
−133.34
146
417.4
−1,145
−247.63
−266.72
181.01
−171.57
−220.35
191.1
129.1
338.4
−63.1
508.59
447.07
447.99
−490
327.92
346.93
413
199.08
200.87
−288.61
−396
324.43
−79.862
−529.82
−154.07
−331.04
−661.97
−263.23
−938.4
15.421
−47.83
−468.32
−1,783.9
C3
C4
3.3885
−0.002762
0.043379
−123.63
0.3883
0.6297
22.493
0.82867
−7.0145
0.42817
0.3582
−257.95
0.9379
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
0.00005805
300.00
192.62
200.00
300.00
274.69
13.95
185.15
165.00
259.83
189.79
187.68
270.00
177.95
407.95
288.15
90.69
175.47
359.00
253.40
200.00
196.32
179.69
260.75
159.53
113.25
321.50
155.95
135.58
139.39
298.15
157.48
175.30
200.00
277.25
250.00
146.58
300.00
300.00
300.00
130.73
200.00
200.00
250.00
160.00
186.48
167.23
174.15
298.15
189.15
256.15
127.93
180.15
171.64
150.18
224.95
240.00
119.55
176.00
113.54
1.6781
2.1495
1.5820
1.7110
0.9708
0.1262
0.5955
0.6215
0.7029
0.4288
0.6733
1.7031
1.4621
2.1213
1.5915
0.5361
0.7112
1.4998
1.2991
0.9769
1.4930
0.9925
1.9857
1.3035
1.2328
2.0839
1.5254
1.3282
1.3207
1.3589
1.6928
1.8315
1.4342
1.8678
1.3233
1.3955
2.0315
2.5272
2.5257
1.2492
1.1885
1.1584
1.3028
1.1566
1.4905
1.3484
0.9793
1.8965
1.9029
1.0263
1.3560
1.6348
1.5808
0.8939
1.6611
2.9128
1.4706
2.0728
0.9961
354.35
430.00
344.48
357.67
653.15
32.00
206.45
185.00
298.85
292.67
370.00
427.65
320.00
603.75
434.15
190.00
400.00
538.50
373.40
249.94
353.35
266.82
472.65
314.56
310.00
481.50
404.15
304.31
311.71
305.40
343.31
510.00
299.49
415.87
325.00
320.00
441.15
438.15
440.15
366.48
348.64
338.05
350.00
280.50
373.15
339.80
304.90
350.00
389.15
366.00
310.00
440.00
357.91
298.15
373.45
518.15
333.41
372.00
380.00
1.8322
2.7639
2.0530
1.8576
1.3158
1.3122
0.5976
0.6395
0.7105
0.5119
4.9183
2.5114
1.6671
2.8880
1.8837
14.9780
1.1097
1.9367
1.6241
1.0216
1.9084
1.0251
2.5785
1.5662
1.7048
2.7518
3.4411
1.5921
1.5673
1.3720
2.0661
2.8394
1.6243
2.6474
1.5771
1.9435
2.7494
3.1448
3.1535
1.8682
1.6760
1.6374
1.7158
1.3638
1.7511
1.5344
1.2195
2.0647
2.4460
1.3668
1.6540
2.3610
1.8641
0.9052
2.4118
5.1864
2.0842
2.4663
2.0725
478.27
−1,623
0.0086913
614.07
2.568
0.63868
−0.292
0.00151
3.4223
0.91849
0.90847
0.74379
0.76096
0.62516
0.8125
2.1383
−0.0015585
−0.061547
−0.9597
0.78179
1.21
0.0019533
0.60769
1.3499
0.7255
0.98445
2.4216
0.60412
2.413
1.0578
0.739
1.2209
14.759
−0.0021383
−0.047909
2-169
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane [use Eq. (2)]
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
74.122
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
58.079
128.171
20.180
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
30.006
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
−925,460
87,680
71,140
144,110
179,850
113,470
76,822
134,300
73,600
29,800
1,034,100
187,740
281,970
101,400
116,270
67,556
−2,979,600
342,570
136,820
383,080
224,336
10,483,000
329,641
254,490
265,350
253,580
399,430
130,650
224,830
205,260
571,370
319,198
300,400
289,980
509,420
240,040
42,642
175,510
175,430
60,046
346,910
112,050
159,080
145,050
201,200
251,596
194,590
193,020
156,100
188,200
213,760
86,200
68,671
103,370
101,720
60,834
145,400
66,230
62.983
158,760
471,710
201,400
99,306
7,894.9
217.1
335.5
−102.09
−264.1
421.6
94.356
184.7
527.5
−138,770
−497.6
−12,281
−682.11
−135.3
54.373
76,602
762.08
531.29
−1,139.8
49.726
−115,220
−1,046.78
−298.06
−46.22
−366.3
374.64
463.61
−186.63
44.392
−4,849
−1,042.21
−426.2
−417.27
−4,279.1
−33.198
886.67
−381.36
−6,152.3
281.16
219.54
257.78
−270.5
28.344
−651.3
−1,028.49
−263.86
−176.43
−456.94
−140.84
−324.4
256.6
246.66
527.03
317.61
215.89
252.4
98.275
113,630
−635
−4,172.1
−450.6
115.73
−17.661
−0.9153
0.013617
0.002266
0.58113
0.79202
−0.0032
7,154
1.0691
248
3.8912
0.345
−652.59
0.20481
2.7101
0.9813
476.87
3.61823
1.1707
0.79154
1.4881
0.58156
0.95891
0.8956
19.725
3.52943
1.1172
1.2218
21.477
0.67889
−0.69315
0.64623
113.92
0.0009795
−162.55
−2.2182
1.3841
0.0074902
1.8879
−0.85381
0.00056246
−0.021532
−0.044462
3.5028E-05
−0.92382
0.0027963
−0.003163
0.00000238
0.65632
0.99537
0.6372
2.275
3.26306
0.76808
0.5669
2.255
0.63581
0.9472
0.29552
633.21
1.969
14.745
1.7053
−873.46
−0.0144
298.96
132.81
300.00
133.97
160.17
298.15
249.95
164.55
151.15
353.43
24.56
183.63
63.15
117.00
244.60
182.30
109.50
305.04
255.15
219.66
285.55
310.00
238.15
191.91
253.05
223.15
301.31
246.00
216.38
289.65
250.00
241.55
252.86
255.55
171.45
240.00
200.00
462.65
54.36
90.00
283.07
200.00
143.42
239.15
200.14
200.00
196.29
234.18
108.02
160.75
197.45
200.00
200.00
372.39
314.06
243.15
404.15
200.00
85.47
146.95
185.26
199.00
200.00
2.2016
1.0568
1.7179
1.4086
1.5787
1.1347
1.8220
1.5410
1.0152
2.1623
0.3666
1.3242
0.5593
0.7486
1.0382
0.7747
0.6229
5.9409
2.7238
2.6348
3.1855
3.5059
2.8555
2.4041
3.0434
2.4594
5.6511
2.4470
2.2934
2.9326
2.5550
2.7338
2.6406
2.6314
2.1327
2.7118
1.9225
1.3740
0.5365
0.8535
4.6165
1.6361
1.4076
1.8827
1.6198
1.7642
1.7239
1.8279
1.2939
1.8199
1.8664
1.3752
1.1800
2.9963
2.0147
1.3080
2.4741
0.8589
0.8488
1.0797
1.1329
1.7926
1.2245
460.00
343.15
390.00
312.20
368.69
298.15
438.65
328.18
278.65
491.14
40.00
387.22
112.00
175.50
473.15
200.00
150.00
603.05
468.15
325.00
528.75
460.00
649.50
420.02
492.95
423.85
589.86
447.15
460.00
512.85
467.10
452.90
500.00
440.65
394.41
472.19
399.35
603.00
142.00
150.00
543.84
376.15
390.00
458.95
389.15
561.00
375.46
375.14
350.00
385.15
399.79
313.33
329.27
500.00
425.00
489.75
557.65
238.65
360.00
400.00
355.30
431.65
328.75
2.9455
1.4596
2.0198
1.6888
1.9014
1.1347
2.6176
1.9954
1.2507
2.8888
0.6980
1.5536
0.7960
1.0154
1.2949
0.7843
1.9909
8.7663
3.8554
2.9890
5.2498
4.6494
11.7608
3.3583
4.3491
3.6566
8.2276
3.3795
3.4189
4.6358
4.1566
5.7113
3.6660
3.4335
2.8235
3.7573
2.8619
1.8052
0.9066
1.0222
6.6042
2.0901
2.0498
2.9228
2.9227
7.0158
2.0380
2.0661
1.7251
2.2827
2.3546
1.6660
1.4989
3.6688
2.3670
2.3745
2.8615
0.8968
2.6079
2.1980
2.0487
3.2463
1.3735
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Concluded)
2-170
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H2S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
74.079
55.079
102.132
59.110
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
213,660
118,190
83,400
139,530
174,380
114,140
75,700
138,390
167,330
58,080
45,810
829,380
113,340
244,770
85,743
119,500
258,090
−702.7
−120.98
384.1
78
−101.8
−343.72
326.1
−117.11
−319.1
445.2
368.33
−7,331.5
290.2
−236.96
5.7443
1.6605
0.42075
182,900
353,140
171,730
81,760
123,300
43,326
84,864
140,140
103,350
350,180
111,480
136,050
119,450
178,800
95,275
388,620
40,364
133,530
293,980
129,450
136,300
68,720
−10,320
49,516
276,370
133,860
36,500
−35,500
635.09
29.13
−800.47
455.38
−130.1
630.73
91.725
−152.3
159.3
−104.7
368.13
−288
324.54
−128.47
696.7
−1,439.5
664.46
514.64
−114.98
−3,039.5
−106.17
135
322.8
420.35
−2,090.1
7.8754
1,017.5
1,287.2
C4
C5
0.79
1.0905
0.47059
0.8127
19.203
−0.6051
0.63148
0.0013567
0.86116
2.8934
−0.0025015
0.6229
0.13243
0.695
1.0022
0.9913
0.83741
−1.3765
3.2187
0.0021734
0.96936
27.927
0.75175
−0.061847
4.3042E-05
−0.014116
9.3701E-06
8.125
0.52265
−2.63
−2.599
0.00302
0.002426
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
252.45
180.26
274.70
188.36
173.55
87.89
298.15
142.61
159.95
213.15
388.85
186.35
242.54
460.65
197.67
230.15
303.15
1.4209
1.1005
1.8891
1.5422
1.8051
0.9235
1.7293
1.3126
1.3708
1.5297
1.8904
1.3000
1.6749
2.6961
0.8688
1.1950
2.5809
414.32
370.50
404.70
340.00
432.39
225.45
398.15
350.00
340.87
460.75
683.00
253.15
418.31
604.50
350.00
230.15
303.15
2.0756
1.3112
2.3885
1.6605
2.7806
0.9208
2.0554
1.5505
1.5299
2.6321
2.9738
2.0403
2.2816
3.3228
0.8775
1.1950
2.5809
329.35
279.01
164.65
237.38
176.98
375.41
234.94
178.18
236.50
267.76
200.00
156.08
247.79
229.33
165.78
280.00
398.40
354.00
247.57
289.05
259.56
200.00
200.00
178.35
273.16
217.00
247.98
286.41
3.9207
4.2831
1.0721
1.8986
1.1979
2.8011
1.1372
1.3507
1.4102
3.9400
1.8511
1.1525
1.9987
1.9338
1.8285
2.3791
3.0508
3.1571
3.2493
3.9103
1.5939
0.9572
0.5424
1.2449
0.7615
1.6018
1.7314
1.7697
609.15
526.73
339.12
480.77
394.27
426.00
357.31
500.00
300.00
508.62
361.92
276.02
449.27
350.00
520.00
320.00
475.47
475.00
433.42
520.30
389.35
278.25
400.00
363.85
533.15
540.15
417.58
600.00
5.6977
6.0741
1.3546
3.0069
1.6883
3.1202
1.3455
2.3774
1.5114
5.5619
2.4471
1.3208
2.6526
2.3642
3.9095
2.5757
3.5629
3.7798
4.2624
5.5127
2.0892
1.0628
1.1880
2.0246
0.8939
2.9060
2.2269
3.2520
For the 11 substances, ammonia, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, carbon monoxide, 1,1-difluoroethane, ethane, heptane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and propane, the liquid heat
capacity CpL is calculated with Eq. (2) below. For all other compounds, Eq. (1) is used. For benzene, fluorine, and helium, two sets of constants are given for Eq. (1) that cover different temperature ranges, as shown in the table.
(1) CpL = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C4T 4
C12
C32t3 C3C4t4 C42t5
(2) CpL = + C2 − 2C1C3t − C1C4t2 − − − t
3
2
5
where t = 1 − Tr, Tr = T/Tc, Tc is the critical temperature from Table 2-141, CpL is in J/(kmolK) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table
2-7. For temperatures less than the normal boiling point, the pressure is 1 atm. Above the normal boiling point, the pressure is the vapor pressure.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but
are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Acetic acid
Acetone
Aminobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Aniline
Anthracene
C2H4O2
C3H6O
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C7H7NO2
C6H7N
C14H10
Anthraquinone
Apiol
Azobenzene
C14H8O2
C12H14O4
C12H10N2
Benzene
C6H6
Benzoic acid
Benzophenone
C7H6O2
C13H10O
Betol
C17H12O3
Bromoiodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Bromonaphthalene (β-)
Bromophenol
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C6H4BrI
C10H7Br
C6H5BrO
Camphene
Capric acid
Caprylic acid
Carbon tetrachloride
C10H16
C10H20O2
C8H16O2
CCl4
Cerotic acid
Chloral alcoholate
hydrate
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Chlorobromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Crotonic acid
Cyamelide
Cyanamide
Cyanuric acid
C27H54O2
C4H7Cl3O2
C2H3Cl3O2
C2H3ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C7H5ClO2
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C6H4BrCl
C4H6O2
C3H3N3O3
CH2N2
C3H3N3O3
Dextrin
Dextrose
(C6H10O5)x
C6H12O6
Dibenzyl
Dibromobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichlorobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dicyandiamide
C14H14
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C6H4Br2
C2H2Cl2O2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4N4
Temperature, °C
sp ht, cal/(g°C)
−200 to +25
−210 to −80
85 to mp
120 to mp
128 to mp
50
100
150
0 to 270
10
28
0.330 + 0.00080t
0.540 + 0.0156t
0.254 + 0.00136t
0.253 + 0.00122t
0.287 + 0.00088t
0.741
0.308
0.350
0.382
0.258 + 0.00069t
0.299
0.330
−250
−225
−200
−150
−100
−50
0
20 to mp
−150
−100
−50
0
+20
−150
−100
0
+50
−50 to 0
−75 to −15
−40 to 50
41
32
0.0399
0.0908
0.124
0.170
0.227
0.299
0.375
0.287 + 0.00050t
0.115
0.172
0.220
0.275
0.303
0.129
0.167
0.248
0.308
0.143 + 0.00025t
0.143
0.116 + 0.00032t
0.260
0.263
35
8
−2
−240
−200
−160
−120
−80
−40
15
78
32
60
80 to mp
94 to mp
180 to mp
−34
−52
−40
38 to 70
40
20
40
0.380
0.695
0.628
0.013
0.081
0.131
0.162
0.182
0.201
0.387
0.509
0.213
0.363
0.228 + 0.00084t
0.232 + 0.00073t
0.242 + 0.00055t
0.192
0.150
0.150
0.520 + 0.00020t
0.263
0.547
0.318
0 to 90
−250
−200
−100
0
20
28
−36
−25
−50 to +50
0.291 + 0.00096t
0.016
0.077
0.160
0.277
0.300
0.363
0.248
0.134
0.139 + 0.00038t
0.406
0.185
0.186
0.219 + 0.0021t
0.456
−48.5
−52
−50 to +53
0 to 204
2-171
2-172
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Continued)
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Dihydroxybenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
C6H6O2
Di-iodobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Dimethyl oxalate
Dimethylpyrene
Dinitrobenzene (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Diphenyl
Diphenylamine
Dulcitol
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C6H4I2
C4H6O4
C7H8O2
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C6H4N2O4
C12H10
C12H11N
C6H14O6
Erythritol
Ethyl alcohol
C4H10O4
C2H6O (crystalline)
(vitreous)
Temperature, °C
sp. ht., cal/(g°C)
−163 to mp
−160 to mp
−250
−240
−220
−200
−150 to mp
−50 to +15
−52 to −42
−50 to +80
10 to 50
50
−160 to mp
−160 to mp
119 to mp
40
26
20
0.278 + 0.00098t
0.269 + 0.00118t
0.025
0.038
0.061
0.081
0.268 + 0.00093t
0.109 + 0.00026t
0.100 + 0.00026t
0.101 + 0.00026t
0.212 + 0.0044t
0.368
0.252 + 0.00083t
0.248 + 0.00077t
0.259 + 0.00057t
0.385
0.337
0.282
60
−190
−180
−160
−140
−130
−190
−180
−175
−170
−190 to −40
0.351
0.232
0.248
0.282
0.318
0.376
0.260
0.296
0.380
0.399
0.366 + 0.00110t
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Formic acid
CH2O2
−22
0
0.387
0.430
Glutaric acid
Glycerol
C5H8O4
C3H8O3
20
−265
−260
−250
−220
−200
−100
0
0.299
0.009
0.022
0.047
0.085
0.115
0.217
0.330
Hexachloroethane
Hexadecane
Hydroxyacetanilide
C2Cl6
C16H34
C8H9NO2
25
41 to mp
0.174
0.495
0.249 + 0.00154t
Iodobenzene
Isopropyl alcohol
C6H5I
C3H8O
40
−200 to −160
0.191
0.051 + 0.00165t
Lactose
Lauric acid
Levoglucosane
Levulose
C12H22O11
C12H22O11·H2O
C12H24O2
C6H10O5
C6H12O6
20
20
−30 to +40
40
20
0.287
0.299
0.430 + 0.000027t
0.607
0.275
Malonic acid
Maltose
Mannitol
Melamine
Myristic acid
C3H4O4
C12H22O11
C6H14O6
C3H6N6
C14H28O2
20
20
0 to 100
40
0 to 35
0.275
0.320
0.313 + 0.00025t
0.351
0.381 + 0.00545t
Naphthalene
Naphthol (α-)
(β-)
Naphthylamine (α-)
Nitroaniline (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitrobenzoic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Nitronaphthalene
C10H8
C10H8O
C10H8O
C10H9N
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C6H6N2O2
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C7H5NO4
C10H7NO2
−130 to mp
50 to mp
61 to mp
0 to 50
−160 to mp
−160 to mp
−160 to mp
−163 to mp
66 to mp
−160 to mp
0 to 55
0.281 + 0.00111t
0.240 + 0.00147t
0.252 + 0.00128t
0.270 + 0.0031t
0.269 + 0.000920t
0.275 + 0.000946t
0.276 + 0.001000t
0.256 + 0.00085t
0.258 + 0.00091t
0.247 + 0.00077t
0.236 + 0.00215t
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS
TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Concluded)
Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Temperature, °C
sp ht, cal/(g°C)
Oxalic acid
C2H2O4
C2H2O4.2H2O
−200 to +50
−200
−100
0
+50
100
0.259 + 0.00076t
0.117
0.239
0.338
0.385
0.416
Palmitic acid
C16H32O2
Phenol
Phthalic acid
Picric acid
C6H6O
C8H6O4
C6H3N3O7
Propionic acid
Propyl alcohol (n-)
C3H6O2
C3H8O
Pyrotartaric acid
C6H8O4
−180
−140
−100
−50
0
+20
14 to 26
20
−100
0
+50
100
120
−33
−200
−175
−150
−130
20
0.167
0.208
0.251
0.306
0.382
0.430
0.561
0.232
0.165
0.240
0.263
0.297
0.332
0.726
0.170
0.363
0.471
0.497
0.301
Quinhydrone
C12H10O4
Quinone
C6H4O2
−250
−225
−200
−100
0
−250
−225
−200
−150 to mp
0.017
0.061
0.098
0.191
0.256
0.031
0.082
0.113
0.282 + 0.00083t
Salol
Stearic acid
Succinic acid
Sucrose
Sugar (cane)
C13H10O3
C18H36O2
C4H6O4
C12H22O11
C12H22O11
32
15
0 to 160
20
22 to 51
0.289
0.399
0.248 + 0.00153t
0.299
0.301
Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid
C4H6O6
C4H6O6·H2O
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetryl
C2Cl4
C7H5N5O8
1 Tetryl + 1 picric acid
1 Tetryl + 2 TNT
C13H8N8O15
C21H15N11O20
Thymol
Toluic acid (o-)
(m-)
(p-)
Toluidine (p-)
C10H14O
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C8H8O2
C7H9N
Trichloroacetic acid
Trimethyl carbinol
Trinitrotoluene
C2HCl3O2
C4H10O
C7H5N3O6
Trinitroxylene
C8H7N3O6
Triphenylmethane
C19H16
36
−150
−100
−50
0
+50
−40 to 0
−100
−50
0
+100
−100 to +100
−100
0
+50
0 to 49
54 to mp
54 to mp
130 to mp
0
20
40
solid
−4
−100
−50
0
+100
−185 to +23
20 to 50
0 to 91
0.287
0.112
0.170
0.231
0.308
0.366
0.198 + 0.00018t
0.182
0.199
0.212
0.236
0.253 + 0.00072t
0.172
0.280
0.325
0.315 + 0.0031t
0.277 + 0.00120t
0.239 + 0.00195t
0.271 + 0.00106t
0.337
0.387
0.440
0.459
0.559
0.170
0.253
0.311
0.385
0.241
0.423
0.189 + 0.0027t
Urea
CH4N2O
Compound
Formula
20
0.320
2-173
2-174
TABLE 2-155
Cmpd.
no.
1
7
8
14
16
27
29
31
34
37
38
43
59
60
61
64
67
81
88
95
97
98
99
112
120
125
126
134
145
151
156
157
182
183
190
194
197
217
221
231
236
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol⭈K)]
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
Acetaldehyde
Acetylene
Acrolein
Argon
Benzene
Bromoethane
1,2-Butadiene
Butane
1-Butanol
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
1-Butyne
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexanone
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Diethyl ether
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Dimethyl ether
1,4-Dioxane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethyl mercaptan
Fluoroethane
Furan
Helium-4
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Isopropyl amine
Methanol
Methyl acetylene
Methylcyclopentane
Methylethyl ether
Methyl mercaptan
2-Methylpropane
C2H4O
C2H2
C3H4O
Ar
C6H6
C2H5Br
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H6
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C4H8
C6H10O
C2H4Br2
C2H4Cl2
C4H10O
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H6
C2H6O
C7H14
C2H6S
C2H5F
C4H4O
He
H4N2
H2
C3H9N
CH4O
C3H4
C6H12
C3H8O
CH4S
C4H10
75-07-0
74-86-2
107-02-8
7440-37-1
71-43-2
74-96-4
590-19-2
106-97-8
71-36-3
590-18-1
624-64-6
107-00-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
287-23-0
108-94-1
557-91-5
75-34-3
60-29-7
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
115-10-6
123-91-1
74-84-0
64-17-5
1640-89-7
75-08-1
353-36-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
302-01-2
1333-74-0
75-31-0
67-56-1
74-99-7
96-37-7
540-67-0
74-93-1
75-28-5
44.053
26.037
56.063
39.948
78.112
108.965
54.090
58.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
54.090
108.138
108.138
108.138
56.106
98.143
187.861
98.959
74.122
66.050
66.050
52.023
46.068
88.105
30.069
46.068
98.186
62.134
48.060
68.074
4.003
32.045
2.016
59.110
32.042
40.064
84.159
60.095
48.107
58.122
29,705
30,800
30,702
20,786
35,978
27,112
27,400
17,330
25,300
39,760
20,908
25,300
29,002
16,192
29,090
31,863
32,182
20,560
19,560
26,040
29,736
27,581
33,851
25,940
28,345
31,742
32,585
34,710
23,014
30,358
40,860
20,786
32,998
64,979
23,590
30,270
30,810
35,465
23,337
31,520
21,380
127.43
−53.08
80.95
0
−101.69
117.99
177.6
458.16
371.2
108.8
324.73
183.2
158.79
469.81
166
37.226
116.87
285.2
249.01
388
72.364
169.88
−20.966
178.46
88.3
26.567
87.4
304.96
271.36
62.839
−160.3
0
−5.2147
−788.17
310.42
84.64
35.8
147.38
309.03
60.1
271.2
−0.21793
0.384
0.191
0
0.939
0
0
−0.816
−0.461
0
−0.411
0
0.635
−0.479
0.616
0.23616
0.547
−0.332
−0.22187
−0.268
0.228
−0.1581
0.17584
−0.186
0.446
0.12927
0.05
−0.084
−0.4427
0.1067
0.87
0
0.21379
5.8287
−0.274
−0.188
0.27
0.242
−0.285
0
−0.092
C4 × 1E 05
−1845.9
C5 × 1E 10
216400
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
50
50
50
100
50
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.3553
0.2911
0.3523
0.2079
0.3324
0.3891
0.3628
0.3820
0.4271
0.4520
0.3612
0.3446
0.3853
0.3849
0.3893
0.3432
0.3939
0.4576
0.4224
0.4477
0.3392
0.3568
0.3324
0.3440
0.3388
0.3339
0.3708
0.4975
0.3548
0.3377
0.3353
0.2079
0.3327
0.3797
0.3843
0.3403
0.3328
0.4344
0.3808
0.3453
0.3471
200
200
200
1,500
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
1,500
200
250
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
0.4647
0.3554
0.5453
0.2079
0.5320
0.5071
0.6292
0.7632
0.8110
0.6152
0.6941
0.6194
0.8616
0.9099
0.8693
0.4876
0.7744
0.6432
0.6049
0.9292
0.5333
0.5523
0.3669
0.5419
0.6385
0.4223
0.5207
0.9234
0.5958
0.4719
0.4360
0.2079
0.4051
0.2834
0.7471
0.3968
0.4877
0.7462
0.7374
0.4354
0.7194
237
238
243
246
247
248
251
253
289
290
294
295
296
304
310
320
321
322
324
331
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
alpha-Methyl styrene
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitromethane
Nitric oxide
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
Propylbenzene
Quinone
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
Thiophene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
C4H10O
C4H8
C9H10
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
CH3NO2
NO
C5H8
C14H10
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C9H12
C6H4O2
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C4H4S
C9H12
75-65-0
115-11-7
98-83-9
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
75-52-5
10102-43-9
627-21-4
85-01-8
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
103-65-1
106-51-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
110-02-1
95-63-6
74.122
56.106
118.176
128.171
20.180
75.067
61.040
30.006
68.117
178.229
40.064
44.096
60.095
120.192
108.095
72.106
132.202
88.171
84.140
120.192
17,080
24,970
37,735
29,120
20,786
33,055
38,782
34,980
24,330
27,700
31,690
26,675
28,800
22,880
29,668
36,970
28,560
41,195
36,765
35,652
381.7
211.8
112.94
82.88
0
89.54
−48.39
−35.32
335.7
210
17.1
147.04
257
538.46
129.07
−12.28
225.1
−88.3
−112.82
323.89
−0.199
0
0.846
0.964
0
0.238
0.413
0.07729
−0.37
1.24
0.282
0
-0.35
-0.546
0.53105
0.444
0.616
0.942
0.862
0.305
−5.7357
0.0014526
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.3567
0.3556
0.4550
0.3567
0.2079
0.3813
0.3740
0.3217
0.4019
0.4130
0.3325
0.3403
0.4078
0.4844
0.3745
0.3747
0.4136
0.3914
0.3328
0.5261
200
200
200
200
1,500
200
200
1,500
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
0.8546
0.6733
0.9416
0.8426
0.2079
0.6048
0.4562
0.3586
0.7667
1.1930
0.4639
0.5608
0.6620
1.0873
0.7672
0.5227
0.9822
0.6122
0.4868
1.1263
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p.
C0p = C1 + C2T + C3T2 + C4T3 + C5T4
where C0p is in J/(kmol·K) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but
are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-175
2-176
TABLE 2-156
Cmpd.
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)]
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
× 1E-05
C2
× 1E-05
C3
× 1E-03
C4
× 1E-05
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C9H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
C7H8O
C7H8O
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
108-39-4
95-48-7
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
121.137
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
108.138
108.138
0.4451
0.342
0.402
0.713
0.5704
0.41914
0.3199
0.48449
0.6059
0.4678
0.28958
0.33427
0.7637
1.9581
0.44767
0.6895
0.77594
0.7186
1.0099
0.84115
0.9521
0.99192
1.0759
0.30113
0.721
0.47191
0.3377
0.575
0.5095
0.7134
1.0478
1.066
0.7454
0.90878
0.64257
0.5765
0.6592
1.1684
1.138
0.92478
0.92367
0.5587
0.89657
1.488
0.6906
0.2937
0.301
0.29108
0.37582
0.92004
0.29142
0.8011
0.4568
0.3942
0.3409
0.621
0.61809
0.7515
0.7988
1.0687
1.294
1.3675
2.222
1.632
0.8876
0.5424
1.2546
1.3703
1.0366
0.0939
0.4898
2.9377
1.7019
2.3085
2.3275
2.6455
2.27
4.4898
3.1428
2.8868
2.9633
4.2105
0.08009
2.064
1.2787
0.715
1.6476
1.705
2.43
2.549
2.575
2.5907
2.5508
2.0618
2.115
2.07
3.769
4.454
2.7795
2.5166
1.6694
2.3731
1.3522
1.9996
0.3454
0.3338
0.08773
0.7054
0.16446
0.09176
2.31
1.2967
0.6573
0.7246
1.843
1.8023
2.09
2.853
1.6141
1.075
1.262
1.6203
1.607
1.5818
1.594
1.3979
1.6475
1.3998
3.012
2.036
1.6051
1.3257
1.4792
1.512
1.7925
1.4669
1.311
1.9539
0.70207
1.5583
1.9041
0.7514
1.6504
1.5957
1.578
1.527
1.5324
1.63
1.8776
1.967
1.6073
1.893
1.6768
1.6299
1.6733
1.956
1.5507
1.6837
1.6109
1.5328
1.9754
1.146
1.5494
1.428
0.896
3.0851
0.5121
1.0764
0.949
2.157
1.5992
0.928
1.723
1.629
1.5438
0.6666
1.4765
0.6135
0.64
0.7003
1.676
0.968
0.5032
0.4325
0.87243
1.0446
0.6536
0.0758
0.2256
2.17
−37.417
1.6836
1.7516
2.2382
1.693
2.8395
2.5743
1.6385
2.2116
4.1785
0.1078
1.687
0.85166
0.4175
0.99
1.337
1.5033
1.875
1.951
1.732
1.852
1.3324
1.2872
1.251
2.818
3.0497
1.5974
1.5641
1.07
1.5866
−678
1.3146
0.264
0.2893
0.084553
0.485
−5083.8
0.1003
2.046
0.859
0.493
0.448
1.2337
1.1893
1.212
2.042
737.8
502
569.7
746.5
731.5
699.8
607.1
633.26
751.49
629.35
1484
882
751.2
41.232
677.66
697.9
835.9
680.77
627.4
850.06
2002.6
719.16
828.81
314.6
765.3
703.87
691.4
677.3
685.6
730.42
833
860.5
712.4
832.13
757.06
739.1
742.2
811.2
708.86
758.68
739.2
656
904.13
6.98
675
588
374.7
1538.2
236.1
2.3486
425
897.6
708.8
399.6
780.5
724
685.93
2214
664.7
200
100
50
200
200
100
200
200
250
200
50
100
300
298.15
200
200
200
200
300
298.15
300
300
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
250
200
200
300
200
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
50
100
60
100
298
50
200
100
100
150
200
200
200
200
0.4660
0.3448
0.4020
0.7665
0.6049
0.4192
0.3566
0.5467
0.6984
0.5156
0.2896
0.3343
1.1302
1.2745
0.5358
0.7689
0.8126
0.8053
1.8001
1.1198
1.5501
1.4156
1.1481
0.3090
0.7679
0.5089
0.3378
0.6269
0.5756
0.7673
1.2667
1.2679
0.8162
1.1257
0.7571
0.6199
0.7004
1.5358
1.2659
0.9714
0.9763
0.6238
0.9119
1.1533
0.7607
0.2937
0.3100
0.2911
0.4730
0.6106
0.2914
0.8219
0.4569
0.4048
0.3424
0.6674
0.6768
0.8701
0.9158
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.1
1500.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
5000
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1.2994
1.4997
1.5756
2.5675
1.8820
1.1285
0.7575
1.5620
1.7424
1.3464
0.3496
0.6647
3.0226
3.2501
2.4157
2.6739
2.9712
2.6706
4.9311
3.2880
4.3445
3.2957
4.5557
0.3794
2.4628
1.5121
0.9107
1.9202
1.9555
2.6602
3.0289
3.0311
2.8509
2.8730
2.2898
2.2715
2.2904
3.6724
4.8435
3.1008
2.9615
1.9209
2.6775
2.5905
2.3273
0.6335
0.6148
0.3521
1.0662
1.0465
0.3793
2.5327
1.5112
1.0063
0.9097
2.1126
2.1023
3.2075
3.2163
2-177
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
108.138
120.192
52.035
56.106
84.159
100.159
98.143
82.144
70.133
68.117
42.080
116.224
156.265
142.282
172.265
158.281
140.266
174.347
138.250
4.032
187.861
187.861
173.835
130.228
147.002
147.002
147.002
98.959
98.959
84.933
112.986
112.986
105.136
73.137
74.122
90.187
66.050
66.050
52.023
101.190
102.175
114.185
90.121
104.148
54.090
45.084
86.175
112.213
112.213
112.213
94.199
46.068
73.094
100.202
194.184
60.170
62.134
78.133
194.184
88.105
170.207
101.190
170.335
0.7384
1.081
0.3545
0.44004
0.432
0.9043
0.67384
0.58171
0.416
0.48074
0.338
0.54305
1.9641
1.672
0.24457
1.6984
1.7101
1.931
1.5045
0.3029
0.5927
0.74906
0.391
1.6122
0.7
0.6948
0.6978
0.5521
0.65271
0.3628
0.7145
0.78658
1.208
0.9102
0.8621
0.91273
0.49653
0.51889
0.35489
1.1384
1.093
1.0869
1.1556
1.0113
0.6534
0.5565
0.7772
1.0776
1.1039
1.0991
0.7843
0.5148
0.722
0.85438
1.396
0.61453
0.6037
0.6949
1.174
0.56184
1.0985
1.2114
2.1295
2.908
3.7932
0.5015
2.3074
3.735
2.5771
3.2598
3.1717
3.014
2.5159
1.6894
3.9962
5.1412
5.353
6.546
5.392
5.2089
5.4815
4.3794
0.0975
1.158
1.2725
0.648
4.4777
2.0746
2.0804
2.078
1.205
1.1254
0.6804
1.7344
1.7429
3.066
2.674
2.551
2.41
1.2546
1.2431
0.71002
2.5747
3.683
4.054
1.8305
3.2393
1.6179
1.6384
4.032
4.6718
4.6445
4.6401
1.4364
1.442
1.783
4.5772
4.78
1.7438
1.3747
1.524
5.32
2.7034
4.3412
2.6127
6.633
1.4559
1.7505
1.057
1.6283
1.192
0.7882
1.3955
1.5435
1.4617
1.5803
1.6135
1.3575
1.8989
1.6141
1.0899
1.568
1.7265
1.6085
1.3291
2.515
1.4931
1.981
1.194
1.6831
1.3664
1.3632
1.3635
1.502
1.7376
1.256
1.524
1.7157
2.089
1.719
1.5413
1.6686
1.5394
1.5048
1.5936
0.7384
1.6057
1.7802
0.95919
1.5611
1.7837
1.7341
1.544
1.654
1.6943
1.6679
1.5836
1.6034
1.532
1.5181
2.19
1.3418
1.641
1.6514
2.105
1.5171
1.6222
0.78956
1.7155
2.091
3.0027
0.452
1.5571
1.635
1.3068
2.0209
2.1273
1.8095
1.7454
1.1768
2.5623
4.1278
3.782
4.8642
3.938
3.5935
3.74
2.5557
−0.0275
0.8428
0.9437
0.42
2.918
1.5983
1.594
1.5965
0.8719
0.878
0.4275
1.223
1.2627
2.343
1.7926
1.437
1.652
0.87561
0.76269
0.4622
1.62
2.342
2.9786
0.99605
2.1501
1.0242
1.0899
2.508
3.3397
3.3949
3.3736
0.871
0.7747
1.31
2.974
3.9705
1.0102
0.7988
1.0658
4.1
1.7658
3.6455
1.6903
4.5161
650.42
794.8
396
744.9
530.1
1952.2
677.33
701.62
668.8
718.37
722.8
618.54
862.51
742
424
720.5
782.92
754.75
632.01
368
655.5
845.2
501
781.6
620.16
619.2
619.37
653.5
795.45
548
674.2
765.1
891
794.94
688.9
771.08
694.17
697.51
762
2143
699
791.6
2826.3
689.3
821.4
793.04
649.95
792.5
798.35
781.97
730.65
725.4
762
641.01
900.6
592.09
743.5
722.2
818
700.76
743.62
2394.4
777.5
200
200
100
200
100
200
200
150
100
150
100
300
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
298
100
200
200
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
150
200
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
298.15
300
298.15
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
200
200
298.15
200
300
300
200
0.8707
1.1480
0.3648
0.4903
0.4366
0.9648
0.7802
0.5978
0.4165
0.4918
0.3381
1.2644
2.0192
1.7967
2.5232
1.8502
2.2304
2.0434
2.1938
0.3020
0.6442
0.7635
0.3929
1.6841
0.8245
0.8198
0.8228
0.6061
0.6722
0.3637
0.7268
0.8217
1.4197
0.9502
0.9316
0.9567
0.5373
0.5536
0.3681
1.5995
1.5669
1.5102
1.2777
1.4638
0.6721
0.5812
0.9363
1.1535
1.1777
1.1820
0.8155
0.5436
0.7594
1.0550
1.7481
0.7095
0.6298
0.7355
1.6816
0.6403
1.7298
1.5900
2.2442
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.1
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1000.15
1500
1200
1500
1500
3.2102
4.1808
0.8100
2.3234
3.6516
3.8251
3.4743
3.2132
2.9298
2.5619
1.7213
3.7236
6.0539
6.0932
6.1099
6.2186
5.8745
6.4613
5.2794
0.3425
1.5673
1.7041
0.9599
5.2145
2.5161
2.5161
2.5175
1.5615
1.5743
0.9543
2.1609
2.1894
3.4674
3.0519
2.9244
2.8724
1.5424
1.5510
0.9419
4.1941
4.0535
4.3093
3.0678
3.6669
1.9148
1.8585
4.0353
4.9543
4.9243
4.9275
1.9523
1.6581
2.2596
4.5983
4.4740
2.0944
1.6949
1.9255
4.1139
2.8174
4.5143
4.2484
7.4325
2-178
TABLE 2-156
Cmpd.
no.
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)] (Continued )
Name
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
× 1E-05
C2
× 1E-05
C3
× 1E-03
C4
× 1E-05
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
282.547
30.069
46.068
88.105
45.084
106.165
150.175
116.158
116.158
112.213
98.186
28.053
60.098
62.068
43.068
44.053
74.079
144.211
130.228
88.148
100.159
62.134
102.132
88.148
163.506
37.997
96.102
48.060
34.033
30.026
45.041
46.026
68.074
240.468
114.185
100.202
130.185
116.201
116.201
114.185
114.185
98.186
132.267
96.170
226.441
100.159
86.175
116.158
102.175
102.175
100.159
100.159
84.159
82.144
118.240
82.144
82.144
32.045
2.016
3.2481
0.40326
0.492
0.9981
0.594
0.7844
1.0944
1.0455
1.115
1.1059
0.82052
0.3338
0.7286
0.63012
0.343
0.3346
0.537
1.5777
1.634
1.0953
1.24
0.5576
0.937
1.132
0.85105
0.29122
0.62653
0.44373
0.33289
0.3327
0.3822
0.3381
0.3727
2.7878
1.404
1.2015
1.3135
1.2215
1.4569
1.2768
1.2507
1.1851
1.442
1.0712
2.6283
1.232
1.044
1.1622
1.0625
1.2615
1.094
1.1237
1.0434
0.9376
1.2662
0.9129
1.036
0.38711
0.27617
11.09
1.3422
1.4577
2.0931
1.618
3.399
4.1794
2.3148
3.391
4.6306
4.0342
0.9479
1.8436
1.4584
1.427
1.2116
1.886
4.4017
4.5119
3.0032
3.2
1.3617
2.829
2.94
1.0378
0.10132
2.1646
1.3119
0.73989
0.49542
0.93
0.7593
1.6606
9.5247
2.5907
4.001
2.3317
3.991
2.8252
3.381
2.148
3.6362
4.1603
3.0258
8.9733
2.2146
3.523
2.0708
3.521
3.5964
1.807
2.936
3.0749
3.015
3.7294
2.5577
3.009
0.8576
0.0956
1.636
1.6555
1.6628
2.0226
1.812
1.559
0.88375
0.71
1.6705
1.6628
1.567
1.596
1.688
1.673
1.638
1.6084
1.207
1.7494
1.7532
1.7988
1.967
1.5221
1.648
1.827
0.59737
1.453
1.564
1.6422
1.8639
1.8666
1.845
1.1925
1.5112
1.6935
0.8315
1.6766
0.67567
1.58
0.81695
1.3831
0.6912
1.7359
1.6603
1.5273
1.6912
0.84
1.6946
0.68661
1.5835
1.8445
0.689
1.401
1.7459
1.9057
1.6574
1.529
2.116
1.7228
2.466
7.45
0.73223
0.939
1.803
1.078
2.426
−1.609
1.471
2.518
3.299
2.6697
0.551
1.199
0.97296
1.037
0.8241
0.864
3.2378
3.1032
2.1311
2.346
0.8073
2.155
2.055
0.94745
0.094101
1.7278
0.85441
0.46079
0.28075
0.69
0.318
1.3145
6.6651
1.312
2.74
1.824
2.835
1.766
1.888
1.619
2.5048
2.6572
2.0975
6.264
1.219
2.369
1.5355
2.462
2.594
1.474
1.601
2.0728
1.986
2.308
1.737
2.106
0.56635
0.0376
C5
Tmin,
K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax,
K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
726.27
752.87
744.7
928.05
820
702
1183.1
2061.6
733.6
781.1
715.52
740.8
767.3
773.65
744.7
737.3
496
792.34
809.75
817.35
896
687.5
724.7
852
2122.7
662.91
724.29
738.77
891.16
934.9
850
550
686
744.57
2201
756.4
1846
717.7
2537.2
650.3
1759.3
785.73
759.39
689.62
744.41
2205
761.6
1932.5
715.75
819.17
1772
650.5
793.53
817
757.8
683
902.4
733.53
567.6
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
298
200
200
60
300
300
150
50
100
298.15
298.15
298.15
298.15
200
300
298.15
167
50
200
200
50
50
150
50
200
200
200
200
300
200
298.15
200
150
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
150
298
300
200
200
300
200
250
3.5235
0.4256
0.5224
1.0126
0.6139
0.8912
1.4598
1.5102
1.5583
1.1875
0.9272
0.3338
0.9178
0.7800
0.3480
0.3346
0.5412
2.0279
2.0360
1.3620
1.4479
0.5970
1.3377
1.3538
0.8926
0.2912
0.6914
0.4726
0.3329
0.3327
0.3833
0.3381
0.4376
3.0034
1.4479
1.2828
1.8497
1.3330
1.8136
1.3968
1.2688
1.5434
1.5191
1.1721
2.8312
1.2672
1.1117
1.6107
1.1607
1.5829
1.1815
1.1443
1.3301
1.1909
1.3340
1.0004
1.2215
0.4070
0.2843
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200.15
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1200
1200
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
12.2110
1.4562
1.6576
2.6594
1.8528
3.6147
4.2540
3.6330
3.6213
4.9184
4.1472
1.0987
2.2016
1.8095
1.5178
1.3297
2.1485
5.1201
4.8744
3.2289
3.4234
1.6729
3.0569
3.4535
2.2349
0.3812
2.4736
1.5008
0.9024
0.7113
1.1203
0.9933
1.7940
10.4160
4.2863
4.4283
4.2941
4.5346
4.6604
4.1386
3.8446
4.0836
4.7831
3.5985
9.8182
3.7314
3.8620
3.7636
3.9726
4.0672
3.3207
3.5874
3.4819
3.1889
4.2483
3.0371
3.1894
1.0571
0.3225
2-179
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C2H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
74.122
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
58.079
128.171
0.2912
0.29157
0.30125
0.29134
0.33288
0.74694
0.68545
0.49522
0.7251
0.33298
0.39252
0.6116
0.555
0.4478
0.1206
0.41
0.9396
0.671
0.746
1.8458
0.92165
0.87026
0.81924
0.7906
0.82051
1.0785
0.8274
0.894
0.59895
0.9227
0.7959
0.92279
0.92279
0.66456
0.69411
0.6422
0.7283
0.68681
0.784
0.75083
0.506
0.7284
1.227
0.474
0.89232
1.5914
0.99247
0.4146
0.864
1.7483
0.903
0.94326
0.6549
0.7704
0.6125
0.7765
0.92151
0.93775
0.46149
0.78548
0.9779
0.60865
0.6805
0.0953
0.09048
0.3171
0.093252
0.26086
2.4356
2.1876
1.8718
2.089
0.79933
0.879
2.029
1.782
1.0917
2.3766
1.0578
2.559
2.222
3.265
1.743
3.3371
2.5556
2.6038
1.656
3.0869
2.7388
2.1377
2.91
1.1636
4.115
2.596
2.6709
2.6709
3.507
3.0209
3.0711
1.0307
1.9959
2.1032
1.9577
1.219
3.1713
2.195
1.226
2.4765
1.764
2.7275
0.8307
1.811
4.9288
3.801
3.5965
2.4776
2.539
2.066
2.442
2.3943
2.6178
1.2781
3.5969
3.091
1.5965
3.5494
2.142
2.0938
1.6102
2.905
0.9134
1.715
1.5831
1.2958
1.8516
2.0869
1.9165
1.7683
1.26
1.5508
1.0543
1.708
0.825
1.421
1.545
1.22
1.8365
1.7757
1.7593
1.6926
1.3864
1.5885
1.755
1.57
1.565
1.6504
0.6213
0.68784
0.68784
1.5892
1.6903
1.6387
1.5429
1.5534
1.5488
1.6424
1.637
1.352
0.842
2.188
1.696
1.2076
2.003
1.589
0.7543
1.7384
1.602
1.3533
1.587
1.5502
1.545
1.714
1.6936
1.7291
1.4565
1.4342
1.643
1.619
1.4262
0.0157
−0.00107
0.2179
1.95E−03
−0.17979
1.8484
1.3855
1.4852
1.6483
0.41602
0.53654
1.3302
0.853
0.675
1.8186
0.6836
1.36
1.194
1.923
−56.11
2.4645
1.7636
1.7195
1.2167
1.7886
1.9067
1.5149
2.073
0.81581
2.9006
2.288
1.9847
1.9847
2.3526
2.1209
2.1298
0.7811
1.1168
1.1855
1.1949
0.894
1.8948
1.191
0.85983
1.5598
−407.4
1.8974
0.4612
0.8
3.5897
2.453
2.0569
1.575
1.669
1.2057
1.818
1.4896
1.6236
0.79115
2.5336
2.099
0.93783
2.5984
1400
120
626
1.33E+03
949.4
757.75
691.76
569.96
798.43
991.96
896.7
835.5
562
658.2
418.8
735
3000
614.7
666.7
31.2
757.99
807.82
800.93
788.4
613.87
749.6
782
678.3
690.39
779.48
1698.6
1732.4
1732.4
727.13
781.56
750.25
668.94
692.04
693
749.19
743
585.14
2460
1008.2
791.4
10.503
849.64
716.7
2160
788.01
691.6
599.92
706.99
679.3
676
716
797.79
783.23
643.23
651.69
731.191
739.55
650.1
50
50
100
50
100
298.15
200
300
298.15
50
200
300
298
200
298.15
150
300
150
200
300
298.15
200
200
298.15
300
273.15
200
298
200
200
300
300
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
273.16
250
300
298.15
298.15
200
300
273
200
298.15
298.15
200
300
200
200
200
300
298
298.15
200
200
298
300
200
0.2912
0.2914
0.3014
0.2913
0.3329
1.0427
0.7510
0.9790
0.9475
0.3330
0.3980
0.7698
0.8489
0.4882
0.9908
0.4136
1.2586
0.6931
0.8546
1.2793
1.3135
0.9060
0.8559
0.9632
1.3300
1.3173
0.8646
1.3461
0.6380
0.9953
1.5302
1.5099
1.5099
0.7510
0.7464
0.7083
0.7717
0.7396
0.8397
0.9004
0.5888
1.3200
1.4755
0.5195
0.9280
1.1291
1.1377
0.4329
1.1621
2.2567
1.0192
1.5600
0.7218
0.8567
0.6763
1.1242
1.1251
1.1728
0.5141
0.9445
1.3522
0.7748
0.8454
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1200
1200.1
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200.1
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500.15
1200
1200
1500
1200
1500
1500
1200
1200
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1200
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
0.3479
0.3406
0.5522
0.3224
0.5143
2.5383
2.4540
2.0517
2.2057
0.8890
1.0533
2.2209
2.0754
1.3293
2.1663
1.2388
3.3569
2.5028
3.3792
3.2262
3.4856
2.8923
2.8709
2.1502
3.1994
3.1687
2.5255
3.0766
1.5593
4.3180
4.1359
4.1467
4.1467
3.5495
3.1496
3.1549
1.5893
2.2931
2.4816
2.3178
1.5109
3.1987
3.6532
1.3595
2.8696
2.9991
2.9952
1.0781
2.8637
5.7177
3.9617
3.7409
2.6656
2.8508
2.2814
2.5276
2.6391
2.9904
1.5253
3.8592
3.4779
1.8871
3.7359
2-180
TABLE 2-156
Cmpd.
no.
248
249
250
251
252
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)] (Concluded)
Name
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
× 1E-05
C2
× 1E-05
C3
× 1E-03
C4
× 1E-05
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin
× 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax
× 1E-05
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
74.079
55.079
102.132
59.110
0.54619
0.29105
0.33284
0.42267
0.29338
3.1062
1.7347
1.5175
0.1266
1.54
1.8197
1.5352
1.7646
1.6289
2.9502
1.6088
1.3554
1.4082
1.3805
1.6383
1.3901
1.4952
1.3599
1.5981
1.2307
0.25751
0.29103
0.33483
2.4679
1.0743
0.8805
2.836
0.906
1.0853
0.90053
0.96896
0.82523
1.1327
1.0974
0.753
0.70737
0.9374
0.434
0.59683
0.7364
0.426
0.5192
0.619
0.73145
1.0563
0.7174
0.6959
0.5357
1.7994
0.76078
1.6492
0.086149
0.49837
1.0842
0.3236
10.575
4.5115
4.915
6.011
4.936
3.5542
4.6844
5.044
3.9708
10.034
4.218
4.431
4.3436
4.459
3.1897
3.806
4.4103
4.1605
4.6063
3.4942
1.1734
0.1004
0.29577
8.4212
2.8363
3.011
1.08
3.062
3.0747
2.7085
2.4907
2.5943
2.947
3.2959
2.0905
2.2229
4.758
2.445
2.5533
2.544
1.1194
1.9245
2.0213
2.0313
4.3397
1.914
1.7778
1.4617
1.753
2.1049
1.4803
1.7016
0.7093
1.4885
1.1238
0.76791
1.712
1.6448
1.0815
1.578
0.81514
1.7288
1.6182
1.8928
0.77107
1.9126
1.6356
1.4662
1.5751
0.81595
1.3717
0.80211
1.7317
1.6295
1.528
2.7969
2.5265
1.5217
1.6865
1.9549
1.6502
2.107
1.6054
1.8672
1.6592
1.4177
1.7291
1.7418
1.6761
1.5307
1.557
1.382
1.152
1.2397
1.0852
1.5772
1.6265
1.6293
1.9375
1.6098
2.0144
1.7098
1.553
1.196
1.7256
1.0635
0.0010347
0.23264
0.68603
0.2177
−4.5661
3.3256
3.47
4.5946
3.588
2.1974
3.2304
3.3857
3.2136
-4.3012
3.278
3.054
2.7687
3.2016
1.9814
2.2573
−2.0958
2.8675
3.0301
2.4617
0.65788
0.09356
0.27151
5.8537
2.0146
1.892
−3.56
2.115
2.2271
1.8012
1.301
1.768
2.0987
1.9486
1.378
1.3125
3.485
1.512
1.5519
0.808
0.7546
1.168
1.2956
1.4815
3.181
1.1708
1.2654
0.91197
−4.12
1.3936
666.94
909.79
372.91
683.57
479.4
912.03
810.96
749.6
418.2
721.11
2508.8
783.67
755.48
855.52
916.73
869
746.4
659.38
718.8
2521.3
660.96
981.95
784.47
756.28
694.81
878.91
1153.8
680.35
743.6
890.44
747.6
283
717.97
825.4
743.96
646.7
778.7
795.78
757.67
672.8
690.78
627.4
507
576.78
573
680.8
723.6
727.4
843.37
729.66
930.6
763.78
678.2
108.2
789.03
200
50
100
200
100
200
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
298.15
200
298.15
200
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
150
200
298.15
200
200
298.15
50
100
200
200
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
200
298.15
298
200
200
200
200
100
298.15
298.15
200
200
200
298.15
300
200
298.15
200
298.15
200
0.6062
0.2911
0.3404
0.4571
0.2948
3.3533
1.8005
1.6257
2.2953
1.6777
2.2720
2.0014
1.8658
1.9693
3.1800
1.6504
1.4529
2.0652
1.5055
2.0428
1.4162
1.5775
1.7723
1.6881
1.3448
0.3201
0.2910
0.3349
2.6586
1.0960
0.9404
1.3824
0.9890
1.3539
0.9591
1.0536
1.0856
1.4202
1.1547
0.8276
0.7700
1.1959
0.4401
1.1054
1.0745
0.4646
0.5632
0.6665
0.8966
1.6392
0.7266
0.8938
0.5832
1.3594
0.7933
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000.1
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000.15
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1.9237
0.3484
0.8092
1.3280
0.5828
11.6130
5.4439
5.5407
5.5267
5.6606
5.8526
5.2776
5.9082
4.7924
11.0160
4.9286
4.9764
5.0411
5.0965
5.2565
4.6547
4.9067
4.6807
5.3549
4.1604
0.6502
0.3653
0.5928
9.2209
3.2404
3.2927
3.2952
3.4133
3.4701
3.0797
3.0358
2.8897
3.4994
3.6956
2.4754
2.5052
5.0645
2.6045
2.8390
2.6737
1.3376
2.0556
2.2458
2.2760
4.6527
2.1149
2.1248
1.7235
3.2024
2.4353
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
0.96885
0.43852
0.871
0.73815
0.7474
2.0114
0.6487
0.3681
0.893
0.71806
0.33375
0.35256
0.33408
0.945
2.0719
2.3082
0.46905
0.8145
0.51848
1.1352
0.40399
0.5814
0.66554
2.1496
1.2766
0.7107
1.052
1.0106
1.139
0.982
2.0367
2.154
1.9529
1.859
0.536
0.55978
0.42364
0.84894
0.33363
0.7568
0.8521
0.7512
3.7954
1.506
2.447
1.9529
1.9523
0.8082
2.1227
0.71245
2.1503
2.2669
0.25864
1.227
0.49677
2.526
6.2668
7.8678
2.5314
4.395
2.4535
5.6331
1.627
2.863
1.1257
7.3045
2.5559
1.5051
3.79
3.8314
5.286
5.402
1.8181
2.4432
6.0998
5.869
2.119
1.2141
0.8735
1.1471
0.2679
3.3924
3.2954
3.397
1.5168
1.3988
1.9254
1.5954
1.631
1.8656
1.3491
0.65201
0.772
1.2739
0.9328
0.67938
0.87322
0.829
2.4044
1.6823
1.5998
1.471
1.5018
1.6211
1.4562
1.4406
1.5454
1.6695
0.80937
0.79662
1.4814
1.501
1.594
1.531
1.2089
1.1126
1.7087
1.5718
1.198
1.6102
1.6492
1.38
2.6105
1.496
1.4944
1.4928
2.6618
0.74754
1.888
1.2356
1.2112
−2.4404
1.514
0.46721
0.999
1.7342
0.1088
0.78407
0.28563
0.5
6.345
5.4486
1.7051
3.065
1.6871
3.3829
1.322
1.898
0.97196
4.9998
1.4829
0.84537
2.331
2.395
3.351
3.493
0.79777
0.58651
4.1302
4.326
1.147
0.89079
0.6556
0.9
0.08896
2.247
2.115
2.247
694.3
616.46
821.3
730.5
750.92
279.98
614.8
286.03
2442
537.65
423.7
351.27
393.74
2010
967.71
743.1
740.64
666.4
665.31
681.9
648.81
650.43
717.04
741.02
2231.7
2187.6
667.3
678.3
677.94
639.9
1060.8
950.59
775.4
722.7
510
710.4
739.07
644.61
1169
675.9
675.8
675.1
200
130
298.15
200
200
298.15
200
100
100
300
100
100
100
298.15
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
298.15
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
298.15
298.15
200
200
100
200
200
298.15
100
200
200
200
1.0927
0.4436
1.1022
0.7825
0.7848
1.0218
0.7711
0.4182
0.8931
1.3370
0.3354
0.3872
0.3408
1.2478
2.4763
2.4864
0.5259
0.9881
0.6147
1.3069
0.4886
0.7016
0.8496
2.3156
1.3278
0.7439
1.1832
1.1354
1.3139
1.2194
2.1054
2.2726
2.0594
2.0232
0.5404
0.5967
0.4457
1.0788
0.3336
0.8759
0.9643
0.8710
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000.15
1500
1500
1500
1200
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
2273.15
1500
1500
1500
4.1613
1.6817
2.7484
2.3287
2.3216
2.1175
2.4969
1.0537
3.2416
2.5823
0.5695
1.5397
0.7967
3.4444
6.6947
8.6225
2.5538
4.5348
2.5679
5.5784
1.8098
3.0029
1.6433
8.0251
4.2046
2.4322
4.1983
4.1854
5.3769
5.3754
3.7585
4.3560
6.8342
6.7834
2.3750
1.5590
1.1423
1.8595
0.5276
3.5920
3.5965
3.5923
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p.
2
2
C3/T
C5/T
C0p = C1 + C2 + C4 sinh(C3/T)
cosh(C5/T)
where C0p is in J/(kmol·K) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7.
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of
AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-181
2-182
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-157
Cp/Cv: Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure*
Compound
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetylene
Formula
C2H4O
C2H4O2
C2H2
Air
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific
heats,
(γ) = Cp /Cv
30
136
15
−71
925
17
−78
−118
15
15
−180
0–100
1.14
1.15
1.26
1.31
1.36
1.403
1.408
1.415
1.320
1.670
1.715
1.67
Ammonia
Argon
NH3
Ar
Benzene
Bromine
C6H6
Br2
90
20–350
1.10
1.32
Carbon dioxide
CO2
disulfide
monoxide
CS2
CO
Chlorine
Chloroform
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
Cl2
CHCl3
(CN)2
C6H12
15
−75
100
15
−180
15
100
15
80
1.299
1.37
1.21
1.402
1.433
1.355
1.15
1.256
1.315
Dichlorodifluormethane
CCl2F2
25
1.139
Ethane
C2H6
100
15
−82
90
35
80
100
15
−91
1.157
1.200
1.28
1.13
1.08
1.086
1.201
1.253
1.345
−180
80
15
−76
−181
20
15
100
65
140
210
1.667
1.066
1.407
1.441
1.607
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.31
1.28
1.24
Ethyl alcohol
ether
C2H6O
C4H10O
Ethylene
C2H4
Helium
Hexane (n-)
Hydrogen
He
C6H14
H2
bromide
chloride
HBr
HCl
cyanide
HCN
Compound
Formula
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific
heats,
(γ) = Cp /Cv
Hydrogen (Cont.)
iodide
sulfide
HI
H2S
20–100
15
−45
−57
1.40
1.332
1.350
1.356
Iodine
Isobutane
I2
C4H10
185
15
1.30
1.110
Krypton
Kr
19
1.672
Mercury
Methane
Hg
CH4
Methyl acetate
alcohol
ether
Methylal
C3H6O2
CH4O
C2H6O
C3H8O2
360
600
300
15
−80
−115
15
77
6–30
13
40
1.67
1.113
1.196
1.310
1.339
1.347
1.14
1.237
1.11
1.06
1.09
Neon
Nitric oxide
Ne
NO
Nitrogen
N2
Nitrous oxide
N2O
19
15
−45
−80
15
−181
100
15
−30
−70
1.667
1.400
1.39
1.38
1.402
1.433
1.28
1.303
1.31
1.34
Oxygen
O2
15
−76
−181
1.398
1.405
1.439
Pentane (n-)
Phosphorus
Potassium
C5H12
P
K
86
300
850
1.071
1.17
1.77
Sodium
Sulfur dioxide
Na
SO2
750–920
15
1.68
1.290
Xenon
Xe
19
1.678
*For compounds that appear in Table 2-184, values are from E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems”
in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov). Values for other compounds are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 80–82.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
2-183
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
UNITS CONVERSIONS
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32
To convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal
units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0.
Most of the tables below are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5,
pp. 115–116, 122–125.
TABLE 2-158
TABLE 2-165
Acetic Acid (at 38 °C)
Mole % acetic acid
Cal/(g⋅°C)
0
1.0
6.98
0.911
30.9
0.73
54.5
0.631
100
0.535
TABLE 2-159
Ammonia
Mole % NH3
2.4 °C
20.6 °C
41 °C
61 °C
0
10.5
20.9
31.2
41.4
1.01
0.98
0.96
0.956
0.985
1.0
0.995
0.99
1.0
0.995
1.06
1.03
1.0
1.02
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
TABLE 2-160
TABLE 2-161
100
0.497
5 °C
20 °C
40 °C
5.88
12.3
27.3
45.8
69.6
100
1.02
0.975
0.877
0.776
0.681
0.576
1.0
0.982
0.917
0.811
0.708
0.60
0.995
0.98
0.92
0.83
0.726
0.617
TABLE 2-166
95
0.52
90.5
0.53
82.3
0.56
75.2
0.581
Copper Sulfate
Composition
Temperature
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
CuSO4 + 50H2O
CuSO4 + 200H2O
CuSO4 + 400H2O
12 to 15 °C
12 to 14 °C
13 to 17 °C
0.848
0.951
0.975
TABLE 2-162
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % CH3OH
Aniline (at 20 °C)
Mol % aniline
Cal/(g⋅°C)
Methyl Alcohol
Nitric Acid
% HNO3
by Weight
Specific heat at 20 °C,
cal/(g⋅°C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1.000
0.900
0.810
0.730
0.675
0.650
0.640
0.615
0.575
0.515
Ethyl Alcohol
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C2H5OH
3 °C
23 °C
41 °C
4.16
11.5
37.0
61.0
100.0
1.05
1.02
0.805
0.67
0.54
1.02
1.03
0.86
0.727
0.577
1.02
1.03
0.875
0.748
0.621
TABLE 2-163
Glycerol
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C3H5(OH)3
15 °C
32 °C
2.12
4.66
11.5
22.7
43.9
100.0
0.961
0.929
0.851
0.765
0.67
0.555
0.960
0.924
0.841
0.758
0.672
0.576
TABLE 2-164
Hydrochloric Acid
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % HCl
0.0
9.09
16.7
20.0
25.9
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
1.00
0.72
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.72
0.605
0.575
0.74
0.631
0.591
0.75
0.645
0.615
0.78
0.67
0.638
0.61
TABLE 2-167
Phosphoric Acid*
%H2PO4
Cp at 21.3 °C
cal/(g⋅°C)
%H3PO4
Cp at 21.3 °C
cal/(g⋅°C)
2.50
3.80
5.33
8.81
10.27
14.39
16.23
19.99
22.10
24.56
25.98
28.15
29.96
32.09
33.95
36.26
38.10
40.10
42.08
44.11
46.22
48.16
49.79
0.9903
0.9970
0.9669
0.9389
0.9293
0.8958
0.8796
0.8489
0.8300
0.8125
0.8004
0.7856
0.7735
0.7590
0.7432
0.7270
0.7160
0.7024
0.6877
0.6748
0.6607
0.6475
0.6370
50.00
52.19
53.72
56.04
58.06
60.23
62.10
64.14
66.13
68.14
69.97
69.50
71.88
73.71
75.79
77.69
79.54
80.00
82.00
84.00
85.98
88.01
89.72
0.6350
0.6220
0.6113
0.5972
0.5831
0.5704
0.5603
0.5460
0.5349
0.5242
0.5157
0.5160
0.5046
0.4940
0.4847
0.4786
0.4680
0.4686
0.4593
0.4500
0.4419
0.4359
0.4206
*Z. Physik. Chem., A167, 42 (1933).
2-184
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-168
Potassium Chloride
TABLE 2-172
Sodium Chloride
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
Mole % KCl
6 °C
20 °C
33 °C
40 °C
Mole % NaCl
0.99
3.85
5.66
7.41
0.945
0.828
0.77
0.947
0.831
0.775
0.727
0.947
0.835
0.778
0.947
0.837
0.775
0.249
0.99
2.44
9.09
TABLE 2-169
Potassium Hydroxide (at 19 °C)
Mole % KOH
Cal/(g°C)
TABLE 2-170
0
1.0
0.497
0.975
1.64
0.93
4.76
0.814
9.09
0.75
Normal Propyl Alcohol
5 °C
20 °C
40 °C
1.55
5.03
11.4
23.1
41.2
73.0
100.0
1.03
1.07
1.035
0.877
0.75
0.612
0.534
1.02
1.06
1.032
0.90
0.78
0.645
0.57
1.01
1.03
0.99
0.91
0.815
0.708
0.621
TABLE 2-171
% Na2CO3
by weight
0.000
1.498
2.000
2.901
4.000
5.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
13.790
13.840
20.000
25.000
Sodium Carbonate*
Temperature, °C
17.6
30.0
76.6
98.0
0.9992
0.9807
0.9986
1.0098
1.0084
0.9786
0.9597
33 °C
57 °C
0.96
0.91
0.805
0.99
0.97
0.915
0.81
0.97
0.915
0.81
0.923
0.82
Sodium Hydroxide (at 20 °C)
Mole % NaOH
Cal/(g . °C)
0
1.0
TABLE 2-174
Sulfuric Acid*
0.5
0.985
1.0
0.97
9.09
0.835
16.7
0.80
28.6
0.784
37.5
0.782
%H2SO4
Cp at 20 °C,
cal/(g°C)
%H2SO4
Cp at 20 °C,
cal/(g°C)
0.34
0.68
1.34
2.65
3.50
5.16
9.82
15.36
21.40
22.27
23.22
24.25
25.39
26.63
28.00
29.52
30.34
31.20
33.11
0.9968
0.9937
0.9877
0.9762
0.9688
0.9549
0.9177
0.8767
0.8339
0.8275
0.8205
0.8127
0.8041
0.7945
0.7837
0.7717
0.7647
0.7579
0.7422
35.25
37.69
40.49
43.75
47.57
52.13
57.65
64.47
73.13
77.91
81.33
82.49
84.48
85.48
89.36
91.81
94.82
97.44
100.00
0.7238
.7023
.6770
.6476
.6153
.5801
.5420
.5012
.4628
.4518
.4481
.4467
.4408
.4346
.4016
.3787
.3554
.3404
.3352
*Vinal and Craig, Bur. Standards J. Research, 24, 475 (1940).
0.9594
0.9428
20 °C
TABLE 2-173
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
Mole % C3H7OH
6 °C
0.9761
0.9392
0.9183
0.9086
0.8924
*J. Chem. Soc. 3062–3079 (1931).
0.9452
0.8881
0.8631
0.8936
0.8615
TABLE 2-175
0.8911
Zinc Sulfate
Composition
Temperature
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
ZnSO4 + 50H2O
ZnSO4 + 200H2O
20 to 52 °C
20 to 52 °C
0.842
0.952
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
2-185
SPECIFIC HEATS OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
TABLE 2-176
and Solids
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids
Material
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
0.2 (100 °C); 0.274 (1500 °C)
0.186 (100 °C)
0.25
0.22
0.3 to 0.4
About 0.2
0.168 (26 to 76 °C)
0.314 (40 to 892 °C)
0.387 (56 to 1450 °C)
0.204
Alumina
Alundum
Asbestos
Asphalt
Bakelite
Brickwork
Carbon
(gas retort)
(see under Graphite)
Cellulose
Cement, Portland Clinker
Charcoal (wood)
Chrome brick
Clay
Coal
tar oils
Coal tars
Coke
Concrete
Cryolite
Diamond
Fireclay brick
Fluorspar
Gasoline
Glass (crown)
(flint)
(pyrex)
(silicate)
wool
Granite
Graphite
Gypsum
Kerosene
Limestone
Litharge
Magnesia
Magnesite brick
Marble
Porcelain, fired Berlin
Porcelain, green Berlin
Porcelain, fired earthenware
Porcelain, green earthenware
0.32
0.186
0.242
0.17
0.224
0.26 to 0.37
0.34 (15 to 90 °C)
0.35 (40 °C); 0.45 (200 °C)
0.265 (21 to 400 °C)
0.359 (21 to 800 °C)
0.403 (21 to 1300 °C)
0.156 (70 to 312 °F); 0.219 (72 to 1472 °F)
0.253 (16 to 55 °C)
0.147
0.198 (100 °C); 0.298 (1500 °C)
0.21 (30 °C)
0.53
0.16 to 0.20
0.117
0.20
0.188 to 0.204 (0 to 100 °C)
0.24 to 0.26 (0 to 700 °C)
0.157
0.20 (20 to 100 °C)
0.165 (26 to 76 °C); 0.390 (56 to 1450 °C)
0.259 (16 to 46 °C)
0.47
0.217
0.055
0.234 (100 °C); 0.188 (1500 °C)
0.222 (100 °C); 0.195 (1500 °C)
0.21 (18 °C)
0.189 (60 °C)
0.185 (60 °C)
0.186 (60 °C)
0.181 (60 °C)
TABLE 2-176 Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids
and Solids (Concluded)
Material
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Pyrex glass
Pyrites (copper)
Pyrites (iron)
Pyroxylin plastics
Quartz
Rubber (vulcanized)
Sand
Silica
Silica brick
Silicon carbide brick
Silk
Steel
Stone
Stoneware (common)
Turpentine
Wood (Oak)
Woods, miscellaneous
Wool
Zirconium oxide
TABLE 2-177
0.20
0.131 (30 °C)
0.136 (30 °C)
0.34 to 0.38
0.17 (0 °C); 0.28 (350 °C)
0.415
0.191
0.316
0.202 (100 °C); 0.195 (1500 °C)
0.202 (100 °C)
0.33
0.12
about 0.2
0.188 (60 °C)
0.42 (18 °C)
0.570
0.45 to 0.65
0.325
0.11 (100 °C); 0.179 (1500 °C)
Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils)
15
Cp[cal/(g⋅°C)] = A/d
4 + B(t − 15)
where d = density, g/cm3.
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32; to convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to
British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0;
to convert grams per cubic centimeter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43.
Oils
A
Castor
Citron
Fatty drying
nondrying
semidrying
oils (except castor)
Naphthene base
Olive
Paraffin base
Petroleum oils
0.500
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS
UNITS CONVERSIONS
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32; to convert kilocalories per gram-mole to British thermal units per pound-mole, multiply by 1.799 × 10−3.
B
0.0007
(0.438 at 54 °C)
0.440
0.0007
0.450
0.0007
0.445
0.0007
0.450
0.0007
0.405
0.0009
(0.47 at 7 °C)
0.425
0.0009
0.415
0.0009
2-186
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds
The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from (a) Bichowsky and Rossini, “Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances,” Reinhold, New York, 1936; (b) Latimer, “Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution,” PrenticeHall, New York, 1938; (c) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards; and (d) the tables of Selected Values
of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to methods of calculation, standard states, and so on.
Compound
Aluminum
Al
AlBr3
Al4C3
AlCl3
AlF3
AlI3
AlN
Al(NH4)(SO4)2
Al(NH4)(SO4)2·12H2O
Al(NO3)3·6H2O
Al(NO3)3·9H2O
Al2O3
Al(OH)3
Al2O3·SiO2
Al2O3·SiO2
Al2O3·SiO2
3Al2O3·2SiO2
Al2S3
Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3·6H2O
Al2(SO4)3·18H2O
Antimony
Sb
SbBr3
SbCl3
SbCl5
SbF3
SbI3
Sb2O3
Sb2O4
Sb2O5
Sb2S3
Arsenic
As
AsBr3
AsCl3
AsF3
AsH3
AsI3
As2O3
As2O5
As2S3
Barium
Ba
BaBr2
BaCl2
Ba(ClO3)2
Ba(ClO4)2
Ba(CN)2
Ba(CNO)2
BaCN2
BaCO3
BaCrO4
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 600
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
c, corundum
c
c, sillimanite
c, disthene
c, andalusite
c, mullite
c
c
aq
c
c
0.00
−123.4
−209.5
−30.8
−163.8
−243.9
−329
−360.8
−72.8
−163.4
−57.7
−561.19
−1419.36
−680.89
−897.59
−399.09
−304.8
−648.7
−642.4
−642.0
−1874
−121.6
−820.99
−893.9
−1268.15
−2120
c
c
c
l
c
c
c, I, orthorhombic
c, II, octahedral
c
c
c, black
0.00
−59.9
−91.3
−104.8
−216.6
−22.8
−165.4
−166.6
−213.0
−230.0
−38.2
c
c
l
l
g
c
c
c
c
amorphous
0.00
−45.9
−80.2
−223.76
43.6
−13.6
−154.1
−217.9
−20
−34.76
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 300
c
aq, 1600
c
aq, 800
c
c
aq
c
c, witherite
c
0.00
−180.38
−185.67
−205.25
−207.92
−176.6
−170.0
−210.2
*For footnotes see end of table.
−48
−212.1
−63.6
−284.2
−342.2
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
0.00
−189.2
−29.0
−209.5
−312.6
−152.5
−50.4
−486.17
−1179.26
−526.32
−376.87
−272.9
−739.53
−759.3
−1103.39
Compound
Barium (Cont.)
BaF2
BaH2
Ba(HCO3)2
BaI2
Ba(IO3)2
BaMoO4
Ba3N2
Ba(NO2)2
Ba(NO3)2
BaO
Ba(OH)2
BaO·SiO2
Ba3(PO4)2
BaPtCl6
BaS
BaSO3
BaSO4
BaWO4
Beryllium
Be
BeBr2
0.00
−77.8
−146.0
−186.6
−196.1
−36.9
0.00
−70.5
−212.27
37.7
−134.8
−183.9
−20
0.00
−183.0
−196.5
−134.4
−155.3
−180.7
−271.4
BeCl2
BeI2
Be3N2
BeO
Be(OH)2
BeS
BeSO4
Bismuth
Bi
BiCl3
BiI3
BiO
Bi2O3
Bi(OH)3
Bi2S3
Bi2(SO4)3
Boron
B
BBr3
BCl3
BF3
B2H6
BN
B2O3
B(OH)3
B2S3
Bromine
Br2
BrCl
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
c
aq, 1600
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
aq, 600
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
−287.9
−284.6
−40.8
−459
−144.6
−155.17
−264.5
−237.50
−370
−90.7
−184.5
−179.05
−236.99
−227.74
−133.0
−225.9
−237.76
−363
−992
−284.9
−111.2
−282.5
−340.2
−402
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq
0.00
−79.4
−142
−112.6
−163.9
−39.4
−112
−134.5
−145.3
−215.6
−56.1
−281
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
−90.5
−101.6
−24
−27
−49.5
−137.1
−171.1
−43.9
−607.1
c
l
g
g
g
g
c
c
gls
c
c
0.00
−52.7
−44.6
−94.5
−265.2
7.5
−32.1
−302.0
−297.6
−260.0
−56.6
l
g
g
0.00
7.47
3.06
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−265.3
−31.5
−414.4
−158.52
−198.35
−150.75
−189.94
−209.02
−313.4
0.00
−127.9
−141.4
−103.4
−122.4
−138.3
−254.8
0.00
−76.4
−43.2
−117.9
−39.1
0.00
−50.9
−90.8
−261.0
19.9
−27.2
−282.9
−280.3
−229.4
0.00
0.931
−0.63
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Cadmium
Cd
CdBr2
CdCl2
Cd(CN)2
CdCO3
CdI2
Cd3N2
Cd(NO3)2
CdO
Cd(OH)2
CdS
CdSO4
Calcium
Ca
CaBr2
CaC2
CaCl2
CaCN2
Ca(CN)2
CaCO3
CaCO3·MgCO3
CaC2O4
Ca(C2H3O2)2
CaF2
CaH2
CaI2
Ca3N2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2·2H2O
Ca(NO3)2·3H2O
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaO·SiO2
CaS
CaSO4
CaSO4·aH2O
CaSO4·2H2O
CaWO4
Carbon
C
CO
CO2
Cerium
Ce
CeN
Cesium
Cs
CsBr
CsCl
2-187
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
0.00
−75.8
−76.6
−92.149
−96.44
36.2
−178.2
−48.40
−47.46
39.8
−115.67
−62.35
−135.0
−34.5
−222.23
−232.635
0.00
−70.7
−67.6
−81.889
−81.2
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c, calcite
c, aragonite
c
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 800
c, II, wollastonite
c, I, pseudowollastonite
c
c, insoluble form
c, soluble form α
c, soluble form β
c
c
c
0.00
−162.20
−187.19
−14.8
−190.6
−209.15
−85
−43.3
−289.5
−289.54
−558.8
−332.2
−356.3
−364.1
−290.2
−286.5
−46
−128.49
−156.63
−103.2
−224.05
−228.29
−367.95
−439.05
−509.43
−151.7
−235.58
−239.2
−377.9
−376.6
−114.3
−338.73
−336.58
−335.52
−376.13
−479.33
−387
−113.1
−311.9
−309.8
−308.8
c, graphite
c, diamond
g
g
0.00
0.453
−26.416
−94.052
0.00
0.685
−32.808
−94.260
c
c
0.00
−78.2
0.00
−70.8
c
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
0.00
−97.64
−91.39
−106.31
−102.01
0.00
Compound
Cesium (Cont.)
Cs2CO3
CsF
CsH
CsHCO3
−163.2
CsI
−43.22
CsNH2
CsNO3
−71.05
−55.28
−113.7
−33.6
−194.65
0.00
−181.86
−16.0
−179.8
−195.36
−54.0
−270.8
−270.57
−311.3
−264.1
−35.7
−157.37
−88.2
−177.38
−293.57
−351.58
−409.32
−144.3
−213.9
−207.9
−357.5
−356.6
−425.47
−94.86
−101.61
Cs2O
CsOH
Cs2S
Cs2SO4
Chlorine
Cl2
ClF
ClO
ClO2
ClO3
Cl2O
Cl2O7
Chromium
Cr
CrBr3
Cr3C2
Cr4C
CrCl2
CrF2
CrF3
CrI2
CrO3
Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3
Cobalt
Co
CoBr2
Co3C
CoCl2
CoCO3
CoF2
CoI2
Co(NO3)2
CoO
Co3O4
Co(OH)2
Co(OH)3
CoS
Co2S3
CoSO4
Columbium
Cb
Cb2O5
Copper
Cu
CuBr
CuBr2
CuCl
CuCl2
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 200
c
c
aq
−271.88
−131.67
−140.48
−12
−230.6
−226.6
−83.91
−75.74
−28.2
−121.14
−111.54
−82.1
−100.2
−117.0
−87
−344.86
−340.12
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
0.00
−25.7
33
24.7
37
18.20
63
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
0.00
−21.008
−16.378
−103.1
−152
−231
−63.7
−139.3
−268.8
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−135.98
−7.30
−210.56
−82.61
−96.53
−107.87
−316.66
0.00
29.5
22.40
0.00
−122.7
−21.20
−16.74
−93.8
−102.1
−64.1
−249.3
−626.3
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
0.00
−55.0
−73.61
9.49
−76.9
−95.58
−172.39
−172.98
−24.2
−43.15
−102.8
−114.9
−57.5
−196.5
−131.5
−177.0
−22.3
−40.0
−216.6
0.00
c
c
0.00
−462.96
0.00
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
0.00
−26.7
−34.0
−42.4
−31.4
−48.83
−64.7
0.00
−23.8
−61.96
7.08
−66.6
−75.46
−155.36
−144.2
−37.4
−65.3
−108.9
−142.0
−19.8
−188.9
−33.25
−24.13
2-188
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Copper (Cont.)
CuClO4
Cu(ClO3)2
Cu(ClO4)2
CuI
CuI2
Cu3N
Cu(NO3)2
CuO
Cu2O
Cu(OH)2
CuS
Cu2S
CuSO4
Cu2SO4
Erbium
Er
Er(OH)3
Fluorine
F2
F2O
Gallium
Ga
GaBr3
GaCl3
GaN
Ga2O
Ga2O3
Germanium
Ge
Ge3N4
GeO2
Gold
Au
AuBr
AuBr3
AuCl
AuCl3
AuI
Au2O3
Au(OH)3
Hafnium
Hf
HfO2
Hydrogen
H3AsO3
H3AsO4
HBr
HBrO
HBrO3
HCl
HCN
HClO
HClO3
HClO4
HC2H3O2
H2C2O4
HCOOH
State†
aq
aq, 400
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 200
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 800
c
aq
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
−28.3
−17.8
−4.8
−11.9
17.78
−73.1
−83.6
−38.5
−43.00
−108.9
−11.6
−18.97
−184.7
−200.78
−179.6
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
1.34
15.4
−5.5
−16.66
Compound
Hydrogen (Cont.)
H2CO3
HF
HI
−8.76
HIO
HIO3
−36.6
−31.9
−38.13
−85.5
−11.69
−20.56
−158.3
−160.19
HN3
HNO3
−152.0
c
c
0.00
−326.8
0.00
g
g
0.00
5.5
0.00
9.7
HNO3·H2O
HNO3·3H2O
H2O
H2O2
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
H2S
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
−92.4
−125.4
−26.2
−84.3
−259.9
0.00
c
c
c
0.00
−15.7
−128.6
0.00
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
c
0.00
−3.4
−14.5
−11.0
−8.3
−28.3
−32.96
0.2
11.0
−100.6
0.00
H2S2
H2SO3
H2SO4
H2Se
H2SeO3
H2SeO4
24.47
H2SiO3
H4SiO4
H2Te
H2TeO3
4.21
−0.76
18.71
H2TeO4
Indium
In
InBr3
InCl3
c
c
0.00
−271.1
0.00
−258.2
aq
c
aq
g
aq, 400
aq
aq
g
aq, 400
g
aq, 100
aq, 400
aq
aq, 660
l
aq, 400
c
aq, 300
l
aq, 200
−175.6
−214.9
−214.8
−8.66
−28.80
−25.4
−11.51
−22.063
−39.85
31.1
24.2
−28.18
−23.4
−31.4
−116.2
−116.74
−196.7
−194.6
−97.8
−98.0
−153.04
−183.93
−12.72
−24.58
−19.90
5.00
−22.778
−31.330
27.94
26.55
−19.11
−0.25
−10.70
−93.56
−96.8
−165.64
−82.7
−85.1
InI3
InN
In2O3
Iodine
I2
IBr
ICl
ICl3
I2O5
Iridium
Ir
IrCl
IrCl2
IrCl3
IrF6
IrO2
Iron
Fe
FeBr2
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
aq
g
aq, 200
g
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
g
g
l
aq, 400
l
l
g
l
l
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
g
aq, 2000
l
aq, 200
l
aq, 400
g
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
g
c
aq
aq
−167.19
−64.2
−75.75
6.27
−13.47
−38
−56.77
−54.8
70.3
−31.99
−41.35
−49.210
−112.91
−252.15
−57.7979
−68.3174
−45.16
−45.80
−145.5
−145.6
−232.2
−232.2
−306.2
−309.32
−4.77
−9.38
−3.6
−146.88
−193.69
−212.03
20.5
18.1
−126.5
−122.4
−130.23
−143.4
−267.8
−340.6
36.9
−145.0
−145.0
−165.6
−149.0
−64.7
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
0.00
−97.2
−112.9
−128.5
−145.6
−56.5
−67.2
−4.8
−222.47
c
g
g
g
c
c
0.00
14.88
10.05
4.20
−21.8
−42.5
0.00
4.63
1.24
−1.32
−6.05
c
c
c
c
l
c
0.00
−20.5
−40.6
−60.5
−130
−40.14
0.00
−16.9
−32.0
−46.5
c, α
c
aq, 540
0.00
−57.15
−78.7
0.00
0.365
−12.35
−23.33
−32.25
78.50
−17.57
−19.05
−78.36
−193.70
−54.6351
−56.6899
−28.23
−31.47
−120.0
−204.0
−270.0
−7.85
−128.54
17.0
18.4
−101.36
−247.9
33.1
−115.7
0.00
−97.2
−117.5
−60.5
−69.47
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Iron (Cont.)
FeBr3
Fe3C
Fe(CO)5
FeCO3
FeCl2
FeCl3
FeF2
FeI2
FeI3
Fe4N
Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3
FeO
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
FeO·SiO2
Fe2P
FeSi
FeS
FeS2
FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
FeTiO3
Lanthanum
La
LaCl3
La3H8
LaN
La2O3
LaS2
La2S3
La2(SO4)3
Lead
Pb
PbBr2
PbCO3
Pb(C2H3O2)2
PbC2O4
PbCl2
PbF2
PbI2
Pb(NO3)2
PbO
PbO2
Pb3O4
Pb(OH)2
PbS
PbSO4
Lithium
Li
LiBr
LiBrO3
Li2C2
LiCN
LiCNO
2-189
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
aq
c
l
c, siderite
c
aq
c
aq, 2000
aq, 1200
c
aq
aq
c
aq
aq, 800
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, pyrites
c, marcasite
c
aq, 400
aq, 400
c, ilmenite
−95.5
5.69
−187.6
−172.4
−81.9
−100.0
−96.4
−128.5
−177.2
−24.2
−47.7
−49.7
−2.55
−118.9
−156.5
−64.62
−198.5
−266.9
−135.9
−197.3
−273.5
−13
−19.0
−22.64
−38.62
−33.0
−221.3
−236.2
−653.3
−295.51
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq
0.00
−253.1
−284.7
−160
−72.0
−539
−148.3
−351.4
−972
c
c
aq
c, cerussite
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
c
c
aq, 400
c, red
c, yellow
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
−66.24
−56.4
−167.6
−232.6
−234.2
−205.3
−85.68
−82.5
−159.5
−41.77
−106.88
−99.46
−51.72
−50.86
−65.0
−172.4
−123.0
−22.38
−218.5
c
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
aq
0.00
−83.75
−95.40
−77.9
−13.0
−31.4
−101.2
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−76.26
4.24
−154.8
−72.6
−83.0
−96.5
−151.7
−45
−39.5
0.862
−72.8
−81.3
−59.38
−179.1
−242.3
−115.7
−166.3
−23.23
−35.93
−195.5
−196.4
−533.4
−277.06
0.00
0.00
−62.06
−54.97
−150.0
−184.40
−75.04
−68.47
−148.1
−41.47
−58.3
−45.53
−43.88
−52.0
−142.2
−102.2
−21.98
−192.9
0.00
−95.28
−65.70
−31.35
−94.12
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
aq
c
aq, 1900
c
aq, 278
aq
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 400
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
gls
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
−183.9
−289.7
−293.1
−97.63
−106.45
−87.5
−106.3
−145.57
−144.85
−22.9
−231.1
−65.07
−80.09
−121.3
−47.45
−115.350
−115.88
−142.3
−151.9
−159
−116.58
−121.47
−188.92
−374
−84.9
−95.5
−340.23
−347.02
−411.57
−160.00
−269.8
−267.58
c
c
aq
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c, ppt.
c, brucite
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
0.00
−731.3
−749
−123.9
−167.33
−39.7
−61
−344.6
−261.7
−153.220
−189.76
−230.970
−305.810
−453.820
−597.240
−263.8
−86.8
−136.79
−329.9
−115.2
−188.770
−209.927
−336.625
−624.48
−143.84
−347.5
−221.90
−223.9
−84.2
−108
−304.94
−325.4
−25
−345.2
c, α
c
aq
c
0.00
−91
−106
1.1
Compound
Lithium (Cont.)
LiC2H3O2
Li2CO3
LiCl
LiClO3
LiClO4
LiF
LiH
LiHCO3
LiI
LiIO3
Li3N
LiNO3
Li2O
Li2O2
LiOH
LiOH·H2O
Li2O·SiO2
Li2Se
Li2SO4
Li2SO4·H2O
Magnesium
Mg
Mg(AsO4)2
MgBr2
−64.6
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Mg(CN)2
MgCN2
Mg(C2H3O2)2
MgCO3
MgCl2
MgCl2·H2O
MgCl2·2H2O
MgCl2·4H2O
MgCl2·6H2O
MgF2
MgI2
MgMoO4
Mg3N2
Mg(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2·2H2O
Mg(NO3)2·6H2O
MgO
MgO·SiO2
Mg(OH)2
MgS
MgSO4
MgTe
MgWO4
Manganese
Mn
MnBr2
Mn3C
State†
−102.03
−70.95
−81.4
−136.40
−210.98
−83.03
−102.95
−37.33
−96.95
−138.0
−106.44
−108.29
−105.64
−314.66
−375.07
0.00
−630.14
−156.94
−29.08
−286.38
−241.7
−143.77
−205.93
−267.20
−387.98
−505.45
−132.45
−100.8
−140.66
−160.28
−496.03
−136.17
−326.7
−200.17
−193.3
−277.7
−283.88
0.00
−97.8
1.26
2-190
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Manganese (Cont.)
Mn(C2H3O2)2
MnCO3
MnC2O4
MnCl2
MnF2
MnI2
Mn5N2
Mn(NO3)2
Mn(NO3)2.6H2O
MnO
MnO2
Mn2O3
Mn3O4
MnO.SiO2
Mn(OH)2
Mn(OH)3
Mn3(PO4)2
MnSe
MnS
MnSO4
Mn2(SO4)3
Mercury
Hg
HgBr
HgBr2
Hg(C2H3O2)2
HgCl2
HgCl
Hg2Cl2
Hg(CN)2
HgC2O4
HgH
HgI2
HgI
Hg2I2
Hg(NO3)2
Hg2(NO3)2
HgO
Hg2O
HgS
HgSO4
Hg2SO4
Molybdenum
Mo
Mo2C
Mo2N
MoO2
MoO3
MoS2
MoS3
Nickel
Ni
NiBr2
Ni3C
Ni(C2H3O2)2
Ni(CN)2
NiCl2
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
c
aq
c
c
c
aq, 400
aq, 1200
c
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c, green
c
aq, 400
c
aq
−270.3
−282.7
−211
−240.9
−112.0
−128.9
−206.1
−49.8
−76.2
−57.77
−134.9
−148.0
−557.07
−92.04
−124.58
−229.5
−331.65
−301.3
−163.4
−221
−736
−26.3
−47.0
−254.18
−265.2
−635
−657
l
g
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
g
c
c
aq, 1110
c
g
c, red
g
c
aq
aq
c, red
c, yellow ppt.
c
c, black
c
c
0.00
23
−40.68
−38.4
−196.3
−192.5
−53.4
−50.3
19
−63.13
62.8
66.25
−159.3
57.1
−25.3
33
−28.88
−56.8
−58.5
−21.6
−20.8
−21.6
−10.7
−166.6
−177.34
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
4.36
−8.3
−130
−180.39
−56.27
−61.48
c
c
aq
c
aq
aq
c
0.00
−53.4
−72.6
9.2
−249.6
230.9
−75.0
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
Compound
State†
Nickel (Cont.)
−227.2
−192.5
−102.2
−180.0
−73.3
−46.49
NiF2
NiI2
Ni(NO3)2
NiO
Ni(OH)2
Ni(OH)3
NiS
NiSO4
−101.1
−441.2
−86.77
−111.49
−209.9
−306.22
−282.1
−143.1
−190
Nitrogen
N2
NF3
NH3
−27.5
−48.0
−228.41
NH4CN
NH4Br
NH4C2H3O2
NH4CNS
(NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2C2O4
0.00
18
−38.8
−9.74
−139.2
−42.2
−23.25
14
NH4Cl
NH4ClO4
(NH4)2CrO4
NH4F
NH4I
NH4NO3
52.25
−24.0
23
−26.53
−13.09
−15.65
−13.94
−12.80
−8.80
−149.12
0.00
2.91
−118.0
−162.01
−54.19
−57.38
0.00
−60.7
8.88
−190.1
66.3
NH4OH
(NH4)2S
(NH4)2SO4
N2H4
N2H4·H2O
N2H4·H2SO4
N2O
NO
NO2
N2O4
N2O5
NOBr
NOCl
Osmium
Os
OsO4
Oxygen
O2
O3
Palladium
Pd
PdO
Phosphorus
P
P
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 200
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 200
−94.34
−157.5
−171.6
−22.4
−42.0
−101.5
−113.5
−58.4
−129.8
−163.2
−20.4
−216
−231.3
−74.19
g
g
g
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 500
aq
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
l
l
c
g
g
g
g
c
l
g
0.00
−27
−10.96
−19.27
−64.57
−60.27
−148.1
−148.58
−0.7
3.6
−17.8
−12.3
−223.4
−266.3
−260.6
−75.23
−71.20
−69.4
−63.2
−276.9
−271.3
−111.6
−110.2
−48.43
−44.97
−87.40
−80.89
−87.59
−55.21
−281.74
−279.33
12.06
−57.96
−232.2
19.55
21.600
7.96
2.23
−10.0
11.6
12.8
c
c
g
0.00
−93.6
−80.1
0.00
−70.9
−68.1
g
g
0.00
33.88
0.00
38.86
c
c
0.00
−20.40
0.00
c, white (“yellow”)
c, red (“violet”)
g
0.00
−4.22
150.35
0.00
−1.80
141.88
−142.9
−36.2
−64.0
−51.7
−105.6
−187.6
0.00
−3.903
−43.54
−108.26
20.4
4.4
−164.1
−196.2
−48.59
−21.1
−209.3
−84.7
−31.3
−14.50
−215.06
−214.02
24.82
20.719
12.26
23.41
19.26
16.1
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
Phosphorus (Cont.)
P2
P4
PBr3
PBr5
PCl3
PCl5
PH3
PI3
P2O5
POCl3
Platinum
Pt
PtBr4
PtCl2
PtCl4
PtI4
Pt(OH)2
PtS
PtS2
Potassium
K
K3AsO3
K3AsO4
KH2AsO4
KBr
KBrO3
KC2H3O2
KCl
KClO3
KClO4
KCN
KCNO
KCNS
K2CO3
K2C2O4
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
KF
K3Fe(CN)6
K4Fe(CN)6
KH
KHCO3
KI
KIO3
KIO4
KMnO4
K2MoO4
2-191
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
g
g
l
c
g
l
g
g
c
c
g
33.82
13.2
−45
−60.6
−70.0
−76.8
−91.0
2.21
−10.9
−360.0
−138.4
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
0.00
−40.6
−50.7
−34
−62.6
−82.3
−18
−87.5
−20.18
−26.64
c
aq
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 1667
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 180
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
aq, 2000
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq, 400
aq, 880
0.00
−323.0
−390.3
−271.2
−94.06
−89.19
−81.58
−71.68
−173.80
−177.38
−104.348
−100.164
−93.5
−81.34
−103.8
−101.14
−28.1
−25.3
−99.6
−94.5
−47.0
−41.07
−274.01
−280.90
−319.9
−315.5
−333.4
−328.2
−488.5
−472.1
−134.50
−138.36
−48.4
−34.5
−131.8
−119.9
−10
−229.8
−224.85
−78.88
−73.95
−121.69
−115.18
−98.1
−192.9
−182.5
−364.2
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
24.60
5.89
K2O
K2O·Al2O3·SiO2
−127.2
KOH
K2O·Al2O3·SiO2
K3PO3
K3PO4
KH2PO4
K2PtCl4
K2PtCl6
−67.9
−18.55
−24.28
K2Se
K2SeO4
K2S
0.00
−355.7
−236.7
−90.8
−92.0
−60.30
−156.73
−97.76
−98.76
−69.30
−72.86
−28.08
−90.85
−44.08
K2SO3
K2SO4
K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3
K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·
24H2O
K2S2O6
Rhenium
Re
ReF6
Rhodium
Rh
RhO
Rh2O
Rh2O3
Rubidium
Rb
RbBr
−264.04
RbCN
Rb2CO3
−293.1
RbCl
−306.3
−440.9
−133.13
−5.3
−207.71
−77.37
−79.76
−101.87
−99.68
−169.1
−168.0
−342.9
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c, leucite
gls
c, adularia
c, microcline
gls
c
aq, 400
aq
aq
c
c
aq
c
aq, 9400
c
aq
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
−28.25
−86.0
−118.08
−109.79
−86.2
−1379.6
−1368.2
−1784.5
−1784.5
−1747
−102.02
−114.96
−397.5
−478.7
−362.7
−254.7
−242.6
−299.5
−286.1
−74.4
−83.4
−267.1
−121.5
−110.75
−267.7
−269.7
−342.65
−336.48
−1178.38
c
c
−2895.44
−418.62
−2455.68
c
g
0.00
−274
0.00
c
c
c
c
0.00
−21.7
−22.7
−68.3
0.00
c
c
g
aq, 500
aq
c
aq, 220
c
g
aq, ∞
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 2000
c
g
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 200
0.00
−95.82
−45.0
−90.54
−25.9
−273.22
−282.61
−105.06
−53.6
−101.06
−133.23
−139.31
−230.01
−225.59
−81.04
−31.2
−74.57
−27.74
−119.22
−110.52
−82.9
−107
−101.3
−115.8
0.00
c
c
0.00
−46.99
0.00
−44.11
0.00
0.00
Compound
Potassium (Cont.)
KNH2
KNO2
KNO3
−65.2
−63.3
−73.2
−1.45
0.00
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
RbF
RbHCO3
RbI
RbNH2
RbNO3
Rb2O
Rb2O2
RbOH
Ruthenium
Ru
RuS2
Selenium
Se
c, I, hexagonal
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−75.9
−94.29
−93.68
−105.0
−443.3
−326.1
−226.5
−263.6
−99.10
−240.0
−111.44
−251.3
−314.62
−310.96
−1068.48
−52.50
−93.38
−263.78
−98.48
−57.9
−100.13
−134.5
−209.07
−40.5
−81.13
−95.05
−106.39
2-192
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Compound
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
Selenium (Cont.)
Se2Cl2
SeF6
SeO2
Silicon
Si
SiBr4
SiC
SiCl4
SiF4
SiH4
SiI4
Si3N4
SiO2
Silver
Ag
AgBr
Ag2C2
AgC2H3O2
AgCN
Ag2CO3
Ag2C2O4
AgCl
AgF
AgI
AgIO3
AgNO2
AgNO3
Ag2O
Ag2S
Ag2SO4
Sodium
Na
Na3AsO3
Na3AsO4
NaBr
NaBrO
NaBrO3
NaC2H3O2
NaCN
NaCNO
NaCNS
Na2CO3
NaCO2NH2
Na2C2O4
NaCl
NaClO3
NaClO4
Compound
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
aq, 476
c
aq, 800
aq, 1200
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq
c
aq, ∞
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
c, natrolite
c
c
aq, 400
aq, 1000
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
c
aq, 440
c
aq, 800
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 800
c
aq, 1100
c
c
aq
−97.66
−319.8
−323.0
−465.9
−135.94
−135.711
−14
−226.0
−222.1
−69.28
−71.10
−112.300
−364
−358.7
−86.6
−83.1
−111.71
−106.880
−99.45
−119.2
−383.91
−1180
−1366
−101.96
−112.193
−389.1
−457
−471.9
−237.2
−272.1
−280.9
−59.1
−78.1
−254
−261.5
−89.8
−105.17
−261.2
−264.1
−330.50
−330.82
−1033.85
−391
−381.5
−73.29
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
aq
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
c
aq, 400
c
gls
c
c
c
aq, 800
c
aq
c
0.00
−171.0
−187.24
−358.0
−364.4
−59.5
−290.9
−197.84
−209.20
−289.0
−459.1
−136.1
−156.70
−91.4
−233.2
−228.73
−140.8
−364
−153.3
−153.6
−228.7
−239.4
−980
−985
−113.1
Sodium (Cont.)
c, II, red, monoclinic
l
g
c
0.2
−22.06
−246
−56.33
−13.73
−222
c
l
c
l
g
g
g
c
c
c, cristobalite,
1600° form
c, cristobalite,
1100° form
c, quartz
c, tridymite
0.00
−93.0
−28
−150.0
−142.5
−370
−14.8
−29.8
−179.25
−202.62
0.00
−203.35
−203.23
−190.4
c
c
c
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq
c
aq, 6500
c
c
c
aq
0.00
−23.90
84.5
−95.9
−91.7
33.8
−119.5
−158.7
−30.11
−48.7
−53.1
−15.14
−42.02
−11.6
−2.9
−29.4
−24.02
−6.95
−5.5
−170.1
−165.8
0.00
−23.02
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 500
c
aq, 400
aq
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 200
c
aq
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 1000
c
c
aq, 600
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
0.00
−314.61
−366
−381.97
−86.72
−86.33
−78.9
−68.89
−170.45
−175.450
−22.47
−22.29
−96.3
−91.7
−39.94
−38.23
−269.46
−275.13
−142.17
−313.8
−309.92
−98.321
−97.324
−83.59
−78.42
−101.12
−27.4
−133.9
−133.0
−360
−9.4
−154.74
Na2CrO4
Na2Cr2O7
NaF
NaH
NaHCO3
NaI
NaIO3
Na2MoO4
NaNO2
NaNO3
−202.46
−70.86
38.70
−103.0
−25.98
−47.26
−16.17
−24.08
3.76
9.99
−7.66
−7.81
−2.23
−7.6
−146.8
−139.22
0.00
−341.17
−87.17
−57.59
−152.31
−23.24
−86.00
−39.24
−249.55
−251.36
−283.42
−91.894
−93.92
−62.84
Na2O
Na2O2
Na2O·SiO2
Na2O·Al2O3·3SiO2
Na2O·Al2O3·4SiO2
NaOH
Na3PO3
Na3PO4
Na2PtCl4
Na2PtCl6
Na2Se
Na2SeO4
Na2S
Na2SO3
Na2SO4
Na2SO4·10H2O
Na2WO4
Strontium
Sr
SrBr2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
Sr(CN)2
SrCO3
SrCl2
SrF2
Sr(HCO3)2
SrI2
Sr3N2
Sr(NO3)2
SrO
SrO·SiO2
SrO2
Sr2O
Sr(OH)2
Sr3(PO4)2
SrS
−296.58
−431.18
−129.0
−128.29
−9.30
−202.66
−202.87
−74.92
−94.84
−333.18
−71.04
−87.62
−88.84
−90.06
−105.0
−361.49
−90.60
−100.18
−428.74
−216.78
−89.42
−230.30
−101.76
−240.14
−241.58
−302.38
−301.28
−870.52
−345.18
0.00
−182.36
−311.80
−54.50
−271.9
−195.86
−413.76
−157.87
−76.5
−185.70
−133.7
−139.0
−208.27
−881.54
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
State†
Strontium (Cont.)
SrSO4
SrWO4
Sulfur
S
S2
S6
S8
S2Br2
SCl4
S2Cl2
S2Cl4
SF6
SO
SO2
SO3
SO2Cl2
Tantalum
Ta
TaN
Ta2O5
Tellurium
Te
TeBr4
TeCl4
TeF6
TeO2
Thallium
Tl
TlBr
TlCl
TlCl3
TlF
TlI
TlNO3
Tl2O
Tl2O3
TlOH
Tl2S
Tl2SO4
Thorium
Th
ThBr4
ThC2
ThCl4
ThI4
Th3N4
ThO2
Th(OH)4
Th(SO4)2
2-193
aq
c
aq, 400
c
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
−120.4
−345.3
−345.0
−393
0.00
−0.071
0.257
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−109.78
−309.30
0.00
0.023
0.072
0.071
43.57
19.36
13.97
12.770
53.25
31.02
27.78
27.090
−4
−13.7
−14.2
−24.1
−262
19.02
−70.94
−94.39
−103.03
−105.09
−105.92
−109.34
−82.04
−89.80
−237
12.75
−71.68
−88.59
−88.28
−88.22
−88.34
−88.98
−74.06
−75.06
c
c
c
0.00
−51.2
−486.0
0.00
−45.11
−453.7
c
c
c
g
c
0.00
−49.3
−77.4
−315
−77.56
0.00
c
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
aq
c
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
aq
c
c
aq, 800
0.00
−41.5
−28.0
−49.37
−38.4
−82.4
−91.0
−77.6
−31.1
−12.7
−58.2
−48.4
−43.18
−120
−57.44
−53.9
−22
−222.8
−214.1
c
c
aq
c
c
aq
aq
c
c
c, “soluble”
c
aq
0.00
−281.5
−352.0
−45.1
−335
−392
−292.0
−309.0
−291.6
−336.1
−632
−668.1
−5.90
−57.4
−292
−64.66
0.00
−39.43
−32.34
−44.46
−39.09
−44.25
−73.46
−31.3
−20.09
−36.32
−34.01
−45.54
−45.35
−197.79
−191.62
0.00
SnBr2
SnCl2
SnCl4
SnI2
SnO
SnO2
Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4
SnS
Titanium
Ti
TiC
TiCl4
TiN
TiO2
Tungsten
W
WO2
WO3
WS2
Uranium
U
UC2
UCl3
UCl4
U3N4
UO2
UO2(NO3)2·6H2O
UO3
U3O8
Vanadium
V
VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VN
V2O2
V2O3
V2O4
V2O5
Zinc
Zn
ZnSb
ZnBr2
Zn(C2H3O2)2
Zn(CN)2
ZnCO3
ZnCl2
−295.31
ZnF2
ZnI2
−322.32
−246.33
−282.3
−280.1
Zn(NO3)2
ZnO
ZnO·SiO2
Zn(OH)2
ZnS
ZnSO4
−549.2
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
c, II, tetragonal
c, III, “gray,” cubic
c
aq
c
aq
c
aq
l
aq
c
aq
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
0.6
−61.4
−60.0
−94.8
−110.6
−83.6
−81.7
−127.3
−157.6
−38.9
−33.3
−67.7
−138.1
−136.2
−268.9
−18.61
0.00
1.1
−68.94
−110.4
−124.67
c
c
l
c
c, III, rutil
amorphous
0.00
−110
−181.4
−80.0
−225.0
−214.1
0.00
−109.2
−165.5
−73.17
−211.9
−201.4
c
c
c
c
0.00
−130.5
−195.7
−84
0.00
−118.3
−177.3
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
−29
−213
−251
−274
−256.6
−756.8
−291.6
−845.1
0.00
c
c
l
l
c
c
c
c
c
0.00
−147
−187
−165
−41.43
−195
−296
−342
−373
c
c
c
aq, 400
c
aq, 400
c
c
c
aq, 400
aq
c
aq
aq, 400
c, hexagonal
c
c, rhombic
c, wurtzite
c
aq, 400
0.00
−3.6
−77.0
−93.6
−259.4
−269.4
17.06
−192.9
−99.9
−115.44
−192.9
−50.50
−61.6
−134.9
−83.36
−282.6
−153.66
−45.3
−233.4
−252.12
Compound
Tin
Sn
SnBr4
c, rhombic
c, monoclinic
l, λ
l, λµ equilibrium
g
g
g
g
l
l
l
l
g
g
g
g
l
c, α
c, β
c, γ
g
l
State†
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
−55.43
−97.66
−30.95
−60.75
−123.6
−115.95
−226.00
−249.6
−242.2
−617.8
0.00
−35.08
−277
−316
−342
0.00
−3.88
−72.9
−214.4
−173.5
−88.8
−166.6
−49.93
−87.7
−76.19
−44.2
−211.28
2-194
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Compound
Zirconium
Zr
ZrC
ZrCl4
ZrN
State†
c
c
c
c
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
0.00
−29.8
−268.9
−82.5
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
0.00
−34.6
−75.9
Compound
State†
Zirconium (Cont.)
ZrO2
Zr(OH)4
ZrO(OH)2
c, monoclinic
c
c
Heat of
formation‡§
∆H (formation) at
25 °C,
kcal/mol
Free energy
of formation¶ ∆F
(formation)
at 25 °C,
kcal/mol
−258.5
−411.0
−337
−244.6
−307.6
† The physical state is indicated as follows: c, crystal (solid); l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass or solid supercooled liquid; aq, in aqueous solution. A number following the
symbol aq applies only to the values of the heats of formation (not to those of free energies of formation); and indicates the number of moles of water per mole of
solute; when no number is given, the solution is understood to be dilute. For the free energy of formation of a substance in aqueous solution, the concentration is
always that of the hypothetical solution of unit molality.
‡ The increment in heat content, ∆H, is the reaction of forming the given substance from its elements in their standard states. When ∆H is negative, heat is evolved
in the process, and, when positive, heat is absorbed.
§ The heat of solution in water of a given solid, liquid, or gaseous compound is given by the difference in the value for the heat of formation of the given compound
in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state and its heat of formation in aqueous solution. The following two examples serve as an illustration of the procedure: (1) For NaCl(c)
and NaCl(aq, 400H2O), the values of ∆H(formation) are, respectively, −98.321 and −97.324 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first value from the second gives
∆H = 0.998 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving crystalline sodium chloride in 400 mol of water. When this process occurs at a constant pressure of 1 atm, 0.998 kgcal of energy are absorbed. (2) For HCl(g) and HCl(aq, 400H2O), the values for ∆H(formation) are, respectively, −22.06 and −39.85 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first
from the second gives ∆H = −17.79 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in 400 mol of water. At a constant pressure of 1 atm, 17.79 kcal
of energy are evolved in this process.
The increment in the free energy, ∆F, is the reaction of forming the given substance in its standard state from its elements in their standard states. The standard
states are: for a gas, fugacity (approximately equal to the pressure) of 1 atm; for a pure liquid or solid, the substance at a pressure of 1 atm; for a substance in aqueous
solution, the hypothetical solution of unit molality, which has all the properties of the infinitely dilute solution except the property of concentration.
¶ The free energy of solution of a given substance from its normal standard state as a solid, liquid, or gas to the hypothetical one molal state in aqueous solution may
be calculated in a manner similar to that described in footnote § for calculating the heat of solution.
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K
2-195
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetylene
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Air
Ammonia
Anisole
Argon
Benzamide
Benzene
Benzenethiol
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl ethyl ether
Benzyl mercaptan
Biphenyl
Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoethane
Bromomethane
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
1-Butene
cis-2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
Butyl acetate
Butylbenzene
Butyl mercaptan
sec-Butyl mercaptan
1-Butyne
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Chlorine
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
1-Chloropropane
2-Chloropropane
C2H4O
C2H5NO
C2H4O2
C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C2H2
C3H4O
C3H4O2
C3H3N
Mixture
H3N
C7H8O
Ar
C7H7NO
C6H6
C6H6S
C7H6O2
C7H5N
C13H10O
C7H8O
C9H12O
C7H8S
C12H10
Br2
C6H5Br
C2H5Br
CH3Br
C4H6
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O
C4H10O
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
C6H12O2
C10H14
C4H10S
C4H10S
C4H6
C4H8O
C4H8O2
C4H7N
CO2
CS2
CO
CCl4
CF4
Cl2
C6H5Cl
C2H5Cl
CHCl3
CH3Cl
C3H7Cl
C3H7Cl
75-07-0
60-35-5
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
74-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
132259-10-0
7664-41-7
100-66-3
7440-37-1
55-21-0
71-43-2
108-98-5
65-85-0
100-47-0
119-61-9
100-51-6
539-30-0
100-53-8
92-52-4
7726-95-6
108-86-1
74-96-4
74-83-9
590-19-2
106-99-0
106-97-8
584-03-2
107-88-0
71-36-3
78-92-2
106-98-9
590-18-1
624-64-6
123-86-4
104-51-8
109-79-5
513-53-1
107-00-6
123-72-8
107-92-6
109-74-0
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
56-23-5
75-73-0
7782-50-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
540-54-5
75-29-6
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas
entropy,
J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy
of combustion,
J/kmol × 1E-09
44.053
59.067
60.052
102.089
58.079
41.052
26.037
56.063
72.063
53.063
28.960
17.031
108.138
39.948
121.137
78.112
110.177
122.121
103.121
182.218
108.138
136.191
124.203
154.208
159.808
157.008
108.965
94.939
54.090
54.090
58.122
90.121
90.121
74.122
74.122
56.106
56.106
56.106
116.158
134.218
90.187
90.187
54.090
72.106
88.105
69.105
44.010
76.141
28.010
153.823
88.004
70.906
112.557
64.514
119.378
50.488
78.541
78.541
−16.64
−23.83
−46.11
−57.25
−21.57
7.404
22.82
−8.18
−35.591
18.37
0
−4.5898
−6.79
0
−10.09
8.288
11.15
−29.41
21.57
5.68
−9.025
−11.5
9.33
17.849
3.091
10.5018
−6.36
−3.77
16.23
10.924
−12.579
−44.58
−43.32
−27.51
−29.29
−0.05
−0.74
−1.1
−48.56
−1.314
−8.78
−9.66
16.52
−20.7
−47.58
3.40578
−39.351
11.69
−11.053
−9.581
−92.21
0
5.109
−11.226
−10.29
−8.196
−13.318
−14.477
−13.33
−15.96
−40.3
−47.34
−15.13
9.1868
21.068
−5.68
−30.6
19.37
0
−1.64
2.27
0
−0.211
12.96
14.76
−21.42
25.78
17.3
−0.254
3.37
16.3
27.63
0.314
13.8532
−2.582
−2.819
19.86
14.972
−1.67
−30.44
−29.18
−15.07
−16.7
7.041
6.536
6.32
−31.26
14.54
1.139
0.512
20.225
−11.63
−36
10.8658
−39.437
6.68
−13.715
−5.354
−87.76
0
9.829
−6.0499
−7.01
−5.844
−5.261
−6.136
2.642
2.722
2.825
3.899
2.954
2.4329
2.0081
2.97
3.15
2.753
1.99
1.9266
3.61
1.54737
3.641
2.693
3.369
3.69
3.21
4.4
3.713
4.39
3.607
3.9367
2.4535
3.24386
2.873
2.458
2.93
2.7889
3.0991
4.065
4.065
3.618
3.566
3.074
3.012
2.965
4.425
4.3949
3.752
3.667
2.9039
3.4365
3.601
3.25432
2.13677
2.379
1.97556
3.0991
2.62
2.22972
3.1403
2.7578
2.956
2.3418
3.1547
3.0594
−1.1045
−1.0741
−0.7866
−1.675
−1.659
−1.19043
−1.257
−1.5468
−1.32717
−1.69
0
−0.31683
−3.6072
0
−3.39877
−3.136
−3.4474
−3.0951
−3.5238
−6.2876
−3.56
−4.83
−4.06
−6.248
−3.01917
−1.285
−0.70542
−2.4617
−2.409
−2.65732
−2.2678
−2.2824
−2.454
−2.446
−2.5408
−2.5339
−2.53
−3.28
−5.5644
−2.9554
−2.949
−2.4647
−2.3035
−2.008
−2.4148
−1.0769
−0.283
−0.2653
0.5286
−2.976
−1.2849
−0.38
−0.67538
−1.867
−1.863
2-196
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued)
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cumene
Cyanogen
Cyclobutane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclohexyl mercaptan
Decanal
Decane
Decanoic acid
1-Decanol
1-Decene
Decyl mercaptan
1-Decyne
Deuterium
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl ether
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethanol amine
Diethyl amine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl sulfide
1,1-Difluoroethane
1,2-Difluoroethane
Difluoromethane
Di-isopropyl amine
Di-isopropyl ether
Di-isopropyl ketone
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-Dimethoxypropane
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
2,3-Dimethylbutane
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ether
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
2,3-Dimethylpentane
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethylsilane
C7H8O
C7H8O
C7H8O
C9H12
C2N2
C4H8
C6H12
C6H12O
C6H10O
C6H10
C5H10
C5H8
C3H6
C6H12S
C10H20O
C10H22
C10H20O2
C10H22O
C10H20
C10H22S
C10H18
D2
C2H4Br2
C2H4Br2
CH2Br2
C8H18O
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C6H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
C2H4Cl2
CH2Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C3H6Cl2
C4H11NO2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C4H10S
C2H4F2
C2H4F2
CH2F2
C6H15N
C6H14O
C7H14O
C4H10O2
C5H12O2
C4H6
C2H7N
C6H14
C8H16
C8H16
C8H16
C2H6S2
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C7H16
C10H10O4
C2H8Si
108-39-4
95-48-7
106-44-5
98-82-8
460-19-5
287-23-0
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
287-92-3
142-29-0
75-19-4
1569-69-3
112-31-2
124-18-5
334-48-5
112-30-1
872-05-9
143-10-2
764-93-2
7782-39-0
557-91-5
106-93-4
74-95-3
142-96-1
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-09-2
78-99-9
78-87-5
111-42-2
109-89-7
60-29-7
352-93-2
75-37-6
624-72-6
75-10-5
108-18-9
108-20-3
565-80-0
534-15-6
7778-85-0
503-17-3
124-40-3
79-29-8
590-66-9
2207-01-4
6876-23-9
624-92-0
115-10-6
68-12-2
565-59-3
131-11-3
1111-74-6
108.138
108.138
108.138
120.192
52.035
56.106
84.159
100.159
98.143
82.144
70.133
68.117
42.080
116.224
156.265
142.282
172.265
158.281
140.266
174.347
138.250
4.032
187.861
187.861
173.835
130.228
147.002
147.002
147.002
98.959
98.959
84.933
112.986
112.986
105.136
73.137
74.122
90.187
66.050
66.050
52.023
101.190
102.175
114.185
90.121
104.148
54.090
45.084
86.175
112.213
112.213
112.213
94.199
46.068
73.094
100.202
194.184
60.170
Ideal gas enthalpy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas
entropy,
J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy
of combustion,
J/kmol × 1E-09
−13.23
−12.857
−12.535
0.4
30.9072
2.85
−12.33
−28.62
−22.61
−0.46
−7.703
3.23
5.33
−9.602
−33.17
−24.946
−59.43
−39.85
−12.21
−21.09
4.1
0
−4.08
−3.89
−4.019
−3.543
−3.166
13.79
29.7598
11.22
3.191
−10.95
−9.028
10.77
3.885
11.05
10.44
4.886
−6.739
3.318
−30.5
−10.02
12.27
6.165
25.16
0
−1.181
−1.054
−3.52783
−3.528
−3.52256
−4.951
−1.0961
−2.5678
−3.656
−3.4639
−3.299
−3.532
−3.0709
−2.9393
−1.9593
−3.968
−5.959
−6.29422
−5.72
−6.116
−6.1809
−6.6161
−6.1037
−0.24625
−1.16
−1.1769
−33.34
2.57
3.02
2.25
−12.941
−12.979
−9.552
−15.08
−16.28
−40.847
−7.142
−25.21
−8.356
−49.7
−44.77
−45.23
−14.38
−31.92
−31.14
−38.97
−38.42
14.57
−1.845
−17.68
−18.1
−17.2172
−17.9996
−2.42
−18.41
−19.17
−19.41
−60.5
−9.47
−8.827
7.79
8.29
7.67
−7.259
−7.3945
−6.896
−6.52
−8.018
−22.574
7.308
−12.21
1.774
−43.9485
−39.19
−42.4747
6.42
−12.48
−12.37
−23.8
−20.11
18.49
6.839
−0.3125
3.52293
4.12124
3.44761
1.516
−11.28
−8.84
0.5717
−46.7749
−1.925
3.5604
3.5259
3.5075
3.86
2.41463
2.64396
2.97276
3.277
3.3426
3.10518
2.929
2.91267
2.37378
3.646
5.7912
5.457
5.99
5.971
5.433
6.116
5.263
1.4486
3.276
3.297
2.92964
5.014
3.4353
3.4185
3.3674
3.0501
3.0828
2.7018
3.448
3.548
4.29
3.522
3.423
3.681
2.824
2.88194
2.4658
4.12
3.989
4.27
3.726
4.038
2.833
2.7296
3.6592
3.65012
3.7451
3.70912
3.35291
2.667
3.26
4.1455
6.6
2.9953
−4.94691
−2.825
−2.826
−2.802
−1.1104
−1.105
−0.51388
−1.72
−1.707
−2.4105
−2.8003
−2.5035
−2.9607
−0.773662
−0.823
−0.183031
−3.99
−3.70261
−4.095
−2.394
−2.996
−2.4189
−1.6146
−3.84761
−4.8639
−4.87084
−4.86436
−2.0441
−1.3284
−1.78871
−4.46075
−4.4662
−2.569
2-197
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl terephthalate
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenyl ether
Dipropyl amine
Dodecane
Eicosane
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl amine
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl benzoate
2-Ethyl butanoic acid
Ethyl butyrate
Ethylcyclohexane
Ethylcyclopentane
Ethylene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene glycol
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ether
Ethylisopropyl ketone
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl propionate
Ethylpropyl ether
Ethyltrichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorobenzene
Fluoroethane
Fluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Furan
Helium-4
Heptadecane
Heptanal
Heptane
Heptanoic acid
1-Heptanol
2-Heptanol
3-Heptanone
2-Heptanone
1-Heptene
Heptyl mercaptan
1-Heptyne
Hexadecane
Hexanal
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexanol
2-Hexanol
2-Hexanone
3-Hexanone
1-Hexene
3-Hexyne
Hexyl mercaptan
C2H6S
C2H6OS
C10H10O4
C4H8O2
C12H10O
C6H15N
C12H26
C20H42
C2H6
C2H6O
C4H8O2
C2H7N
C8H10
C9H10O2
C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C8H16
C7H14
C2H4
C2H8N2
C2H6O2
C2H5N
C2H4O
C3H6O2
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H6S
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C2H5Cl3Si
F2
C6H5F
C2H5F
CH3F
CH2O
CH3NO
CH2O2
C4H4O
He
C17H36
C7H14O
C7H16
C7H14O2
C7H16O
C7H16O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14
C7H16S
C7H12
C16H34
C6H12O
C6H14
C6H12O2
C6H14O
C6H14O
C6H12O
C6H12O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H14S
75-18-3
67-68-5
120-61-6
123-91-1
101-84-8
142-84-7
112-40-3
112-95-8
74-84-0
64-17-5
141-78-6
75-04-7
100-41-4
93-89-0
88-09-5
105-54-4
1678-91-7
1640-89-7
74-85-1
107-15-3
107-21-1
151-56-4
75-21-8
109-94-4
149-57-5
5756-43-4
625-54-7
565-69-5
75-08-1
105-37-3
628-32-0
115-21-9
7782-41-4
462-06-6
353-36-6
593-53-3
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
110-00-9
7440-59-7
629-78-7
111-71-7
142-82-5
111-14-8
111-70-6
543-49-7
106-35-4
110-43-0
592-76-7
1639-09-4
628-71-7
544-76-3
66-25-1
110-54-3
142-62-1
111-27-3
626-93-7
591-78-6
589-38-8
592-41-6
928-49-4
111-31-9
62.134
78.133
194.184
88.105
170.207
101.190
170.335
282.547
30.069
46.068
88.105
45.084
106.165
150.175
116.158
116.158
112.213
98.186
28.053
60.098
62.068
43.068
44.053
74.079
144.211
130.228
88.148
100.159
62.134
102.132
88.148
163.506
37.997
96.102
48.060
34.033
30.026
45.041
46.026
68.074
4.003
240.468
114.185
100.202
130.185
116.201
116.201
114.185
114.185
98.186
132.267
96.170
226.441
100.159
86.175
116.158
102.175
102.175
100.159
100.159
84.159
82.144
118.240
−3.724
−15.046
−64.4
−31.58
5.2
−11.6
−29.072
−45.646
−8.382
−23.495
−44.45
−4.715
2.992
−32.6
−53.78
−48.55
−17.15
−12.69
5.251
−1.73
−39.22
12.3428
−5.263
−38.83
−55.95
−33.37
−28.58
−28.61
−4.63
−46.36
−27.22
−59.54
0
−11.6566
−26.44
−23.43
−10.86
−19.22
−40.55
−3.48
0
−39.445
−26.94
−18.765
−53.62
−33.68
−35.54
−30.1
−30.0453
−6.289
−14.95
10.3
−37.417
−24.86
−16.694
−51.19
−31.62
−33.46
−27.9826
−27.76
−4.167
10.6
−12.92
0.7302
−8.1441
−47.4
−18.16
17.5
8.68
4.981
11.57
−3.192
−16.785
−32.8
3.616
13.073
−19.05
−35.9
−31.22
3.955
4.48
6.844
10.3
−30.18
17.7987
−1.323
−30.31
−32.5
−9.042
−12.64
−13.3
−0.4814
−31.93
−11.52
−51.01
0
−6.9036
−21.23
−21.04
−10.26
−14.71
−37.78
0.08225
0
9.083
−9.191
0.8165
−33.4
−12.55
−14.25
−12.25
−11.96
9.482
3.622
22.7
8.216
−10.005
−0.006634
−33.8
−13.39
−15.06
−13.0081
−12.6
8.7
19.9
2.759
2.8585
3.0627
5.5
3.0012
4.13
4.29
6.2415
9.3787
2.2912
2.8064
3.597
2.848
3.6063
4.55
4.23
4.417
3.826
3.783
2.192
3.21833
3.04891
2.5062
2.4299
3.282
5.1
5.076
3.8
4.069
2.961
4.025
3.881
4.07
2.02682
3.02629
2.644
2.22734
2.1866
2.4857
2.487
2.6714
1.26044
8.2023
4.6138
4.2798
4.8
4.795
4.74
4.58
4.486
4.252
4.939
4.085
7.8102
4.2214
3.8874
4.41
4.402
4.349
4.17856
4.092
3.863
3.76
4.546
−1.7443
−1.6054
−4.4115
−2.1863
−5.8939
−4.0189
−7.51368
−12.3908
−1.42864
−1.235
−2.061
−1.5874
−4.3448
−4.41
−3.21203
−3.284
−4.87051
−4.2839
−1.323
−1.691
−1.0527
−1.481
−1.218
−1.50696
−4.448
−4.943
−3.103
−3.4863
−1.7366
−2.674
−3.12
−1.671
−2.81451
−1.127
−0.5219
−0.5268
−0.5021
−0.2115
−1.9959
0
−10.5618
−4.136
−4.46473
−3.839
−4.285
−4.282
−4.098
−4.09952
−4.3499
−4.7865
−4.2717
−9.95145
−3.52
−3.8551
−3.23
−3.675
−3.67
−3.49
−3.492
−3.7397
−3.64
−4.1762
2-198
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued)
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
1-Hexyne
2-Hexyne
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Isobutyric acid
Isopropyl amine
Malonic acid
Methacrylic acid
Methane
Methanol
N-Methyl acetamide
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amine
Methyl benzoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methylbutane
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol
2-Methyl-1-butene
2-Methyl-2-butene
2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne
Methylbutyl ether
Methylbutyl sulfide
3-Methyl-1-butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methylchlorosilane
Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcyclohexanol
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
Methyldichlorosilane
Methylethyl ether
Methylethyl ketone
Methylethyl sulfide
Methyl formate
Methylisobutyl ether
Methylisobutyl ketone
Methyl Isocyanate
Methylisopropyl ether
Methylisopropyl ketone
Methylisopropyl sulfide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
2-Methylpentane
Methyl pentyl ether
2-Methylpropane
2-Methyl-2-propanol
C6H10
C6H10
H4N2
H2
HBr
HCl
CHN
HF
H2S
C4H8O2
C3H9N
C3H4O4
C4H6O2
CH4
CH4O
C3H7NO
C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2
CH5N
C8H8O2
C5H8
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H10
C5H10
C5H6
C5H12O
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H10O2
CH5ClSi
C7H14
C7H14O
C7H14O
C7H14O
C6H12
C6H10
C6H10
CH4Cl2Si
C3H8O
C4H8O
C3H8S
C2H4O2
C5H12O
C6H12O
C2H3NO
C4H10O
C5H10O
C4H10S
CH4S
C5H8O2
C9H18O2
C6H14
C6H14O
C4H10
C4H10O
693-02-7
764-35-2
302-01-2
1333-74-0
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7783-06-4
79-31-2
75-31-0
141-82-2
79-41-4
74-82-8
67-56-1
79-16-3
79-20-9
74-99-7
96-33-3
74-89-5
93-58-3
598-25-4
78-78-4
116-53-0
123-51-3
563-46-2
513-35-9
78-80-8
628-28-4
628-29-5
598-23-2
623-42-7
993-00-0
108-87-2
590-67-0
7443-70-1
7443-52-9
96-37-7
693-89-0
1120-62-3
75-54-7
540-67-0
78-93-3
624-89-5
107-31-3
625-44-5
108-10-1
624-83-9
598-53-8
563-80-4
1551-21-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
3004-93-1
107-83-5
628-80-8
75-28-5
75-65-0
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas
entropy,
J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy
of combustion,
J/kmol × 1E-09
82.144
82.144
32.045
2.016
80.912
36.461
27.025
20.006
34.081
88.105
59.110
104.061
86.089
16.042
32.042
73.094
74.079
40.064
86.089
31.057
136.148
68.117
72.149
102.132
88.148
70.133
70.133
66.101
88.148
104.214
68.117
102.132
80.589
98.186
114.185
114.185
114.185
84.159
82.144
82.144
115.034
60.095
72.106
76.161
60.052
88.148
100.159
57.051
74.122
86.132
90.187
48.107
100.116
158.238
86.175
102.175
58.122
74.122
12.37
10.5
9.5353
0
−3.629
−9.231
13.5143
−27.33
−2.063
−48.41
−8.38
−76.68
−36.8
−7.452
−20.094
−24
−41.19
18.49
−33.3
−2.297
−28.79
12.908
−15.37
−49.8
−30.3
−3.53
−4.18
26
−25.81
−10.2
13.8
−45.07
−21.5
−15.48
−33.2
−32.7
−35.26
−10.62
−0.38
0.74
−40.2
−21.64
−23.9
−5.96
−35.24
−26.6
−28.64
−6.24
−25.2
−26.26
−8.96
−2.29
−36
−57.95
−17.455
−27.8
−13.499
−31.24
21.85
19.9
15.917
0
−5.334
−9.53
12.4725
−27.54
−3.344
−36.21
3.192
−67
−28.8
−5.049
−16.232
−13.5
−32.42
19.384
−25.7
3.207
−18.1
19.75
−1.405
−34.99
−14.1
6.668
6.045
30.25
−10.17
2.691
20.72
−30.53
−16.61
2.733
−12.9
−12.68
−15.24
3.63
10.38
11.38
−34.83
−11.71
−14.7
1.147
−29.5
−10.7
−13.51
0.0244
−12.18
−13.93
1.4509
−0.98
−25.4
−31.8
−0.5338
−9.35
−2.144
−17.76
3.694
3.72
2.3861
1.30571
1.98591
1.86786
2.01719
1.7367
2.056
3.412
3.124
3.7
3.5
1.8627
2.3988
3.2
3.198
2.4836
3.66
2.433
4.14
3.2151
3.4374
3.9
3.869
3.395
3.386
2.78
3.901
4.118
3.189
3.988
2.98277
3.433
3.75
3.853
3.853
3.399
3.264
3.305
3.287
3.0881
3.394
3.332
2.852
3.81
4.129
1.955
3.416
3.699
3.59
2.55
4.01
5.533
3.8089
4.32
2.955
3.263
−3.661
−3.64
−0.5342
−0.24182
−0.06904
−0.0286
−0.62329
0.1524
−0.518
−2.0004
−2.1566
−0.7732
−1.93
−0.80262
−0.6382
−1.71
−1.461
−1.8487
−1.9303
−0.97508
−3.772
−3.032
−3.23954
−2.622
−3.062
−3.1159
−3.1088
−2.93
−3.12818
−3.5723
−3.046
−2.686
−1.693
−4.25714
−4.058
−4.0574
−4.0318
−3.6741
−3.534
−3.5464
−1.357
−1.9314
−2.268
−2.354
−0.8924
−3.122
−3.4762
−1.06
−2.5311
−2.877
−2.957
−1.1517
−2.54
−5.056
−3.84915
−3.739
−2.64895
−2.4239
2-199
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
2-Methyl propene
Methyl propionate
Methylpropyl ether
Methylpropyl sulfide
Methylsilane
alpha-Methyl styrene
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether
Naphthalene
Neon
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitromethane
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Nonadecane
Nonanal
Nonane
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
2-Nonanol
1-Nonene
Nonyl mercaptan
1-Nonyne
Octadecane
Octanal
Octane
Octanoic acid
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
1-Octene
Octyl mercaptan
1-Octyne
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Pentadecane
Pentanal
Pentane
Pentanoic acid
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
1-Pentene
2-Pentyl mercaptan
Pentyl mercaptan
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phenyl isocyanate
Phthalic anhydride
Propadiene
Propane
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propenylcyclohexene
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid
C4H8
C4H8O2
C4H10O
C4H10S
CH6Si
C9H10
C5H12O
C3H6O
C10H8
Ne
C2H5NO2
N2
F3N
CH3NO2
N2O
NO
C19H40
C9H18O
C9H20
C9H18O2
C9H20O
C9H20O
C9H18
C9H20S
C9H16
C18H38
C8H16O
C8H18
C8H16O2
C8H18O
C8H18O
C8H16O
C8H16O
C8H16
C8H18S
C8H14
C2H2O4
O2
O3
C15H32
C5H10O
C5H12
C5H10O2
C5H12O
C5H12O
C5H10O
C5H10O
C5H10
C5H12S
C5H12S
C5H8
C5H8
C14H10
C6H6O
C7H5NO
C8H4O3
C3H4
C3H8
C3H8O
C3H8O
C9H14
C3H6O
C3H6O2
115-11-7
554-12-1
557-17-5
3877-15-4
992-94-9
98-83-9
1634-04-4
107-25-5
91-20-3
7440-01-9
79-24-3
7727-37-9
7783-54-2
75-52-5
10024-97-2
10102-43-9
629-92-5
124-19-6
111-84-2
112-05-0
143-08-8
628-99-9
124-11-8
1455-21-6
3452-09-3
593-45-3
124-13-0
111-65-9
124-07-2
111-87-5
123-96-6
111-13-7
106-68-3
111-66-0
111-88-6
629-05-0
144-62-7
7782-44-7
10028-15-6
629-62-9
110-62-3
109-66-0
109-52-4
71-41-0
6032-29-7
107-87-9
96-22-0
109-67-1
2084-19-7
110-66-7
627-19-0
627-21-4
85-01-8
108-95-2
103-71-9
85-44-9
463-49-0
74-98-6
71-23-8
67-63-0
13511-13-2
123-38-6
79-09-4
56.106
88.105
74.122
90.187
46.144
118.176
88.148
58.079
128.171
20.180
75.067
28.013
71.002
61.040
44.013
30.006
268.521
142.239
128.255
158.238
144.255
144.255
126.239
160.320
124.223
254.494
128.212
114.229
144.211
130.228
130.228
128.212
128.212
112.213
146.294
110.197
90.035
31.999
47.998
212.415
86.132
72.149
102.132
88.148
88.148
86.132
86.132
70.133
104.214
104.214
68.117
68.117
178.229
94.111
119.121
148.116
40.064
44.096
60.095
60.095
122.207
58.079
74.079
−1.71
−42.75
−23.82
−8.23
−2.91
11.83
−28.32
−10.8
15.058
0
−10.21
0
−13.2089
−7.47
8.205
9.025
−43.579
−31.09
−22.874
−57.73
−37.79
−39.71
−10.35
−19.08
6.17
−41.512
−29.02
−20.875
−55.6
−35.73
−37.62
−32.16
−33.9
−8.194
−17.01
8.23
−72.37
0
14.2671
−35.311
−22.78
−14.676
−49.13
−29.57
−31.37
−25.92
−25.79
−2.162
−11.3
−10.84
14.44
12.89
20.12
−9.6399
−1.454
−37.14
19.05
−10.468
−25.46
−27.21
4.677
−18.63
−47.99
5.808
−31.1
−11.1
1.793
1.853
21.73
−11.7
−4.73
22.408
0
−0.6125
0
−9.06
−0.6934
10.416
8.657
10.74
−7.553
2.498
−31.7
−10.86
−12.61
11.23
5.28
24.34
9.91
−8.377
1.6
−32.5
−11.7
−13.43
−11.38
−12.81
10.57
4.457
23.5
−66.14
0
16.3164
7.426
−10.71
−0.8813
−34.7
−14.23
−15.88
−13.83
−13.44
7.837
1.814
1.94408
21.03
19.45
30.219
−3.2637
4.87212
−30.7001
20.08
−2.439
−15.99
−17.52
20.85
−12.46
−38.5
2.9309
3.596
3.52
3.717
2.565
3.725
3.578
3.08
3.3315
1.46219
3.168
1.915
2.6062
2.751
2.1985
2.106
8.9866
5.3988
5.064
5.59
5.579
5.523
5.041
5.724
4.8699
8.5945
5.0063
4.6723
5.2
5.187
5.132
4.962
4.879
4.637
5.331
4.478
3.433
2.05043
2.38823
7.4181
3.8289
3.4945
4.02
4.01
3.958
3.786
3.7
3.462
4.05
4.154
3.298
3.3084
3.945
3.1481
3.527
3.995
2.439
2.702
3.226
3.175
4.233
3.044
2.949
−2.5242
−2.078
−2.51739
−2.962
−1.999
−4.8214
−3.105
−1.77431
−4.9809
0
−1.25
−0.6432
−0.0820482
−0.0902489
−11.7812
−5.35
−5.68455
−5.061
−5.506
−5.506
−5.5716
−6.006
−5.493
−11.1715
−4.74
−5.07415
−4.448
−4.895
−4.894
−4.6984
−4.711
−4.961
−5.3962
−4.88145
−0.1989
0
−0.142671
−9.34237
−2.91
−3.24494
−2.617
−3.064
−3.058
−2.87956
−2.8804
−3.13037
−3.564
−3.5641
−3.051
−3.0291
−6.8282
−2.921
−3.298
−3.1715
−1.8563
−2.04311
−1.844
−1.834
−5.232
−1.6857
−1.395
2-200
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Concluded)
Cmpd.
no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl amine
Propylbenzene
Propylene
Propyl formate
2-Propyl mercaptan
Propyl mercaptan
1,2-Propylene glycol
Quinone
Silicon tetrafluoride
Styrene
Succinic acid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Terephthalic acid
o-Terphenyl
Tetradecane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetrahydrothiophene
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Thiophene
Toluene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tridecane
Triethyl amine
Trimethyl amine
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Undecane
1-Undecanol
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl trichlorosilane
Water
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
C3H5N
C5H10O2
C3H9N
C9H12
C3H6
C4H8O2
C3H8S
C3H8S
C3H8O2
C6H4O2
F4Si
C8H8
C4H6O4
O2S
F6S
O3S
C8H6O4
C18H14
C14H30
C4H8O
C10H12
C4H8S
C8H18
C4H4S
C7H8
C2H3Cl3
C13H28
C6H15N
C3H9N
C9H12
C9H12
C8H18
C8H18
C6H3N3O6
C7H5N3O6
C11H24
C11H24O
C4H6O2
C4H4
C2H3Cl
C2H3Cl3Si
H2O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
107-12-0
109-60-4
107-10-8
103-65-1
115-07-1
110-74-7
75-33-2
107-03-9
57-55-6
106-51-4
7783-61-1
100-42-5
110-15-6
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7446-11-9
100-21-0
84-15-1
629-59-4
109-99-9
119-64-2
110-01-0
594-82-1
110-02-1
108-88-3
79-00-5
629-50-5
121-44-8
75-50-3
526-73-8
95-63-6
540-84-1
560-21-4
99-35-4
118-96-7
1120-21-4
112-42-5
108-05-4
689-97-4
75-01-4
75-94-5
7732-18-5
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy
of formation,
J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas
entropy,
J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy
of combustion,
J/kmol × 1E-09
55.079
102.132
59.110
120.192
42.080
88.105
76.161
76.161
76.094
108.095
104.079
104.149
118.088
64.064
146.055
80.063
166.131
230.304
198.388
72.106
132.202
88.171
114.229
84.140
92.138
133.404
184.361
101.190
59.110
120.192
120.192
114.229
114.229
213.105
227.131
156.308
172.308
86.089
52.075
62.498
161.490
18.015
106.165
106.165
106.165
5.18
−46.48
−7.05
0.79
2.023
−40.76
−7.59
−6.75
−42.15
−12.29
−161.494
14.74
−82.29
−29.684
−122.047
−39.572
−71.79
27.66
−33.244
−18.418
2.661
−3.376
−22.56
11.544
5.017
−14.2
−31.177
−9.58
−2.431
−0.95
−1.38
−22.401
−21.845
6.24
4.34
−27.043
−41.9
−31.49
30.46
2.845
−48.116
−24.1814
1.732
1.908
1.803
9.74949
−32.04
4.17
13.76
6.264
−29.36
−0.218
0.2583
−30.4
−6.92
−157.27
21.39
−69.73
−30.012
−111.653
−37.095
−59.9
42.3
6.599
−7.969
16.71
4.59
2.239
12.67
12.22
−8.097
5.771
11.41
9.899
12.61
11.71
1.394
1.828
26.79
28.44
4.116
−9.177
−22.79
30.6
4.195
−42.5514
−22.859
11.876
12.2
12.14
2.8614
4.023
3.242
4.0014
2.67
3.678
3.243
3.365
3.52
3.205
2.82651
3.451
4.034
2.481
2.91625
2.5651
4.48
5.263
7.0259
2.9729
3.6964
3.1
3.893
2.784
3.2099
3.371
6.6337
4.054
2.87
3.805
3.961
4.2296
4.2702
4.435
4.607
5.8493
6.363
3.28
2.794
2.7354
3.73966
1.88724
3.5854
3.5383
3.52165
−1.8007
−2.672
−2.165
−4.95415
−1.9262
−2.041
−2.3398
−2.3458
−1.6476
−2.658
0.7055
−4.219
−1.3591
0.924
0.1422
−3.0576
−9.053
−8.73282
−2.325
−5.3575
−2.76549
−5.0639
−2.4352
−3.734
−0.9685
−8.1229
−4.0405
−2.2449
−4.934
−4.9307
−5.06528
−5.06876
−2.6867
−3.2959
−6.9036
−6.726
−1.95
−2.362
−1.178
−1.544
−4.3318
−4.333
−4.333
The compounds are considered to be formed from the elements in their standard states at 298.15 K and 101,325 Pa. These include C (graphite) and S (rhombic). Enthalpy of combustion is the net value for the compound in its standard state at 298.15 K and 101,325 Pa. Products of combustion are taken to be CO2 (gas), H2O (gas), Cl2 (gas), Br2 (gas), I2 (gas), SO2 (gas),
N2 (gas), P4O10 (crystalline), SiO2 (crystobalite), and Al2O3 (crystal, alpha).
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of
AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS
TABLE 2-180
2-201
Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT - h298 (kJ/kmol), of Combustion Products
Temperature,
K
CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
200
240
260
280
298.15
−2858
−1692
−1110
−529
0
−3414
−2079
−1383
−665
0
−2040
−1209
−793
−377
0
−2976
−1756
−1150
−546
0
−2774
−1656
−1091
−522
0
−2040
−1209
−793
−378
0
−2951
−1743
−1142
−543
0
−3495
−2104
−1392
−672
0
−2857
−1692
−1110
−528
0
−3553
−2164
−1438
−692
0
−2186
−1285
−840
−398
0
−2868
−1703
−1118
−533
0
−3736
−2258
−1496
−718
0
−3282
−1948
−1279
−609
0
300
320
340
360
380
54
638
1221
1805
2389
69
823
1594
2382
3184
38
454
870
1285
1701
55
654
1251
1847
2442
53
630
1209
1791
2373
38
454
870
1286
1701
55
652
1248
1845
2442
68
816
1571
2347
3130
54
636
1219
1802
2386
72
854
1654
2470
3302
41
478
913
1346
1777
54
643
1234
1828
2425
74
881
1702
2538
3387
62
735
1410
2088
2769
400
420
440
460
480
2975
3563
4153
4643
5335
4003
4835
5683
6544
7416
2117
2532
2948
3364
3779
3035
3627
4219
4810
5401
2959
3544
4131
4715
5298
2117
2533
2949
3364
3780
3040
3638
4240
4844
5450
3927
4735
5557
6392
7239
2971
3557
4143
4731
5320
4149
5010
5884
6771
7670
2207
2635
3063
3490
3918
3025
3629
4236
4847
5463
4250
5126
6015
6917
7831
3452
4139
4829
5523
6222
500
550
600
650
700
5931
7428
8942
10477
12023
8305
10572
12907
15303
17754
4196
5235
6274
7314
8353
5992
7385
8943
10423
11902
5882
6760
8811
10278
11749
4196
5235
6274
7314
8353
6059
7592
9144
10716
12307
8099
10340
12555
14882
17250
5911
7395
8894
10407
11937
8580
10897
13295
15744
18243
4343
5402
6462
7515
8570
6084
7653
9244
10859
12499
8758
11123
13544
16022
18548
6925
8699
10501
12321
14192
750
800
850
900
950
13592
15177
16781
18401
20031
20260
22806
25398
28030
30689
9392
10431
11471
12510
13550
13391
14880
16384
17888
19412
13223
14702
16186
17676
19175
9329
10431
11471
12510
13550
13919
15548
17195
18858
20537
19671
22136
24641
27179
29749
13481
15046
16624
18223
19834
20791
23383
26014
28681
31381
9620
10671
11718
12767
13812
14158
15835
17531
19241
20965
21117
23721
26369
29023
31714
16082
18002
19954
21938
23954
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
21690
25035
28430
31868
35343
33397
38884
44473
50148
55896
14589
16667
18746
20824
22903
20935
24024
27160
30342
33569
20680
23719
26797
29918
33082
14589
16667
18746
20824
22903
22229
25653
29120
32626
36164
32344
37605
42946
48351
53808
21463
24760
28109
31503
34936
34110
39647
45274
50976
56740
14860
16950
19039
21126
23212
22703
26212
29761
33344
36957
34428
39914
45464
51069
56718
26000
30191
34506
38942
43493
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
38850
42385
45945
49526
53126
61705
67569
73480
79431
85419
24982
27060
29139
31217
33296
36839
40151
43502
46889
50310
36290
39541
42835
46169
49541
24982
27060
29139
31218
33296
39729
43319
46929
50557
54201
59309
64846
70414
76007
81624
38405
41904
45429
48978
52548
62557
68420
74320
80254
86216
25296
27381
29464
31547
33630
40599
44266
47958
51673
55413
62404
68123
73870
79642
85436
48151
52908
57758
62693
67706
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
56744
60376
64021
67683
71324
91439
97488
103562
109660
115779
35375
37453
39532
41610
43689
53762
57243
60752
64285
67841
52951
56397
59876
63387
66928
35375
37454
39534
41614
43695
57859
61530
65212
68904
72606
87259
92911
98577
104257
109947
56137
59742
63361
66995
70640
92203
98212
104240
110284
116344
35713
37796
39878
41962
44045
59175
62961
66769
70600
74453
91250
97081
102929
108792
114669
72790
77941
83153
88421
93741
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
74985
78673
82369
86074
89786
121917
128073
134246
140433
146636
45768
47846
49925
52004
54082
71419
75017
78633
82267
85918
70498
74096
77720
81369
85043
45777
47860
49945
52033
54124
76316
80034
83759
87491
91229
115648
121357
127075
132799
138530
74296
77963
81639
85323
89015
122417
128501
134596
140701
146814
46130
48216
50303
52391
54481
78328
82224
86141
90079
94036
120559
126462
132376
138302
144238
99108
104520
109973
115464
120990
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
93504
112185
130989
149895
168890
152852
184109
215622
247354
279283
56161
66554
75947
87340
97733
89584
108119
126939
145991
165246
88740
107555
126874
146660
166876
56218
66769
77532
88614
100111
94973
113768
132671
151662
170730
144267
173020
201859
230756
259692
92715
111306
130027
148850
167763
152935
183636
214453
245348
276299
56574
67079
77675
88386
99222
98013
118165
188705
159572
180749
150184
180057
210145
240427
270893
126549
154768
183552
212764
242313
Converted and usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 (1141 pp.).
2-202
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-181
Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmolK), of Combustion Products
Temperature,
K
CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
200
240
260
280
298.15
186.0
191.3
193.7
195.3
197.7
200.0
206.0
208.8
211.5
213.8
106.4
110.1
111.8
113.3
114.7
171.6
177.1
179.5
181.8
183.7
119.4
124.5
126.8
129.2
130.7
145.0
148.7
150.4
151.9
153.3
198.7
204.1
206.6
208.8
210.8
225.9
232.2
235.0
237.7
240.0
180.0
185.2
187.6
189.8
191.6
205.6
211.9
214.8
217.5
220.0
152.2
156.2
158.0
159.7
161.1
193.5
198.7
201.1
203.3
205.1
233.0
239.9
242.8
245.8
248.2
175.5
181.4
184.1
186.6
188.8
300
320
340
360
380
197.8
199.7
201.5
203.2
204.7
214.0
216.5
218.8
221.0
223.2
114.8
116.2
117.4
118.6
119.7
183.9
185.9
187.7
189.4
191.0
130.9
132.8
134.5
136.2
137.7
153.4
154.8
156.0
157.2
158.3
210.9
212.9
214.7
216.4
218.0
240.3
242.7
245.0
247.2
249.3
191.8
193.7
195.5
197.2
198.7
220.2
222.7
225.2
227.5
229.7
161.2
162.6
163.9
165.2
166.3
205.3
207.2
209.0
210.7
212.5
248.5
251.1
253.6
256.0
258.2
189.0
191.2
193.3
195.2
197.1
400
420
440
460
480
206.2
207.7
209.0
210.4
211.6
225.3
227.3
229.3
231.2
233.1
120.8
121.8
122.8
123.7
124.6
192.5
194.0
195.3
196.6
197.9
139.2
140.6
141.9
143.2
144.5
159.4
160.4
161.4
162.3
163.1
219.5
221.0
222.3
223.7
225.0
251.3
253.2
255.1
257.0
258.8
200.2
201.5
202.9
204.2
205.5
231.9
234.0
236.0
238.0
239.9
167.4
168.4
169.4
170.4
171.3
213.8
215.3
216.7
218.0
219.4
260.4
262.5
264.6
266.6
268.5
198.8
200.5
202.0
203.6
205.1
500
550
600
650
700
212.8
215.7
218.3
220.8
223.1
234.9
239.2
243.3
247.1
250.8
125.5
127.5
129.3
131.0
132.5
199.1
201.8
204.4
206.8
209.0
145.7
148.6
151.1
153.4
155.6
164.0
166.0
167.8
169.4
171.0
226.3
229.1
231.9
234.4
236.8
260.6
264.7
268.8
272.6
276.0
206.7
209.4
212.2
214.6
216.9
241.8
246.2
250.4
254.3
258.0
172.2
174.2
176.1
177.7
179.3
220.7
223.7
226.5
229.1
231.5
270.5
274.9
279.2
283.1
286.9
206.5
210.5
213.1
215.9
218.7
750
800
850
900
950
225.2
227.3
229.2
231.1
232.8
255.4
257.5
260.6
263.6
266.5
133.9
135.2
136.4
137.7
138.8
211.1
213.0
214