Midterm 1 Formula Sheet – CHY 102 F25
Constants:
NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mole
1 amu = 1.66054 x 10-27 kg
1000 cal = 1 kcal = 4184 J = 4.184 kJ
Tk = Tc + 273.15
1 e = 1.60 x 10-19 C
Chapters 1 & 2: Units of Measurement; Atoms & Elements
𝑑=
𝑚
𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = ∑𝑛(𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑛) × (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑛)
𝑉
Chapters 3 & 4: Molecules, Compounds and Nomenclature; Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑋
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑥100%
𝑛=
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
% 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = (
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
) 𝑥100%
M1V1 = M2V2
𝑀 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Chapter 6: Thermochemistry
EK =
1 2
mv
2
[6.1]
U = Ukinetic + Upotential
∆U = Uproducts - Ureactants
∆Usystem = -∆Usurroundings
∆U = q + w
w = -P∆V = -∆nRT
q = mCS∆T
qcal = Ccal∆T = -qr
∆Urxn = qv
D r H ( per mole ) =
qp = ΔH
Δ𝑟 𝐻° = Δ𝑟 𝐻1° + Δ𝑟 𝐻2° + ⋯
D r H ( per amount )
namount
Δ𝐻 = Δ𝑈 + 𝑃Δ𝑉
Δ𝑟 𝐻° = ∑ 𝑛𝑝 Δ𝑓 𝐻 ° (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠) − ∑ 𝑛𝑟 Δ𝑓 𝐻 ° (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠)
Table of common ion charges for transition metals
Ion
Name
Ion
Name
Zn2+
Zinc
Cr2+
Chromium(II)
3+
3+
Sc
Scandium
Cr
Chromium(III)
Ag+
Silver
Fe2+
Iron(II)
Hg2+
Mercury(II) Fe3+
Iron(III)
Ion
Co2+
Co3+
Cu+
Cu2+
Name
Cobalt(II)
Cobalt(III)
Copper(I)
Copper(II)
Ion
Sn2+
Sn4+
Pb2+
Pb4+
Table of strong acids and strong bases:
Name of Acid
Formula
Name of Base
Formula
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Lithium hydroxide
LiOH
Hydroiodic acid
HI
Potassium hydroxide
KOH
Nitric acid
HNO3
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Barium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2
Perchloric acid
HClO4
Name
Tin(II)
Tin(IV)
Lead(II)
Lead(IV)
Scrap paper for rough work