1) Probability of failure analysis is made from
a)
loss of containment that occurs due to
b)
Consequences of the failure
c)
Done lust with previous experience
d)
all the above
deterioration mechanism
2) Results from quantitative analysis logic models are validated by
a)
Expert judgment
b)
Inspection engineer
c)
Maintenance engineer
dj}
operations personnel
3) Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (RCM), can be linked with RBI, resulting in
an integrated program to
a)
Rectum inspection costs
b)
Reduce operating in an operating unit
c)
Reduce operating lime of a unit
d)
to reduce risk by mitigation activities
4) When equipment has low deterioration rates as an inspector what you decide in lieu of internal
inspection.
a)
Thickness measurement
b)
on-stream
c)
Out of service inspection
d)
external inspection
5) Maintenance
inspection
impact will generally be measured
a]
Other casts
b)
Repairs and equipment replacement
c)
Method of cleanup
d)
Safety systems
in monetary term and typically |ncludes:
6) Consequence is always
a)
Negative.
b)
Positive
c)
Neutral
d)
none of all the above
For safety aspects
7) The RBI program for environmental consequences typically focuses
a)
Allrisks both acute and chronic
b)
on
c)
on acute and immediate chronic risks than
dj)
non threat environmental risks.
acute and immediate environmental risks rather than chronic risks from low- level emissions
immediate environmental risks
8) Who can provide useful input (process conditions, injection points etc.|To aid materials specialists in
the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates
a]
process specialists
b)
plant operation specialists
c)
asset integrity experts
d)
Inspection engineers
9) Deterioration susceptibility and rate can be done
a)
BY grouping the same material of construction/similar process/environment
b)
not possible to group under any circumstances
c)
by random inspection
d)
none of the above
method
10) Following are the non-inspection mitigation actions except one
a)
Replacement upgrade
b)
Equipment redesign
c)
Maintenance of strict controls on
dj
risk management by monitoring the deterioration
operating conditions
11) When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, oné or more of the
following cost reduction benefits may be realized. except one
a]
Ineffective unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
b)
EFFECTIVE NECESSARY OR APPROPNATE
c)
On-line or non-invasive
shutdown
d)
More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent inspections
INSPECHTION activities may be eliminated
methods may be substituted for invasive methods that require equipment
12) combination of the probability of an event and its consequence
al
risk
bp)
Failure
c)
Loss
d)
Reduction
13) qualitative consequence analysis of failure can be estimated separately for each unit. system,
equipment group or individual equipment item.
a)
on
the basis of expert knowledge and experience
b)
On the basis of available data
c)
On the basis of process and environmental conditions dl
d)
No basis required since it is qualitative
14) For qualitative RB! analysis if ls important to establish a set of rules to assure consistency in
a)
Categorization or classification
b)
Segregation
c)
Ranking
d)
Nene of the above
15) Process used to compare the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance
of the risk.
a)
risk evaluation
bj
Risk estimation
c)
Risk identification
d)
risk mitigation
16) Deterioration for specific process equipment is not available, this can be sourced from:
a)
Published data
b) experience with ether similar equipment
c)
Previous inspection data
d)
All the above
17) Quantitative risk’ analysis logic models generally consist of
a)
event tees and fault trees
b)
product trees and lass trees
c)
Likelihood trees aid consequence trees
d)
Any of the above
and
18) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting:
a)
small hole sized leaks
b) small holes to ruptures
c)
cracks
d)
catastrophic rupture
19) Following are some of the recognized risks which cannot be managed by inspection alone except
one:
a)
6)
Equipment nearing retirement
Failure mechanisms (such as brittle fracture fatigue) where avoidance, of failure primarily depends
on operating within a defined pressure/temperature envelope
c)
consequence
dominated
risks
d)
The suitability and current condition of the equipment within the current operating envelope
20) The consequences of environmental damage
a)
Cast
b)
to Release
c)
Volume at hula
d) di Toxic concentration
are best understood
by:
21) Systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk
a)
Risk
b)
Risk analysis
c)
Hazard analysis
d)
Risk estimation
22) Toxic releases in RBI are only addressed when they affect
a)
Personnel
b)
@aquipment
c)
Process
d)
All the above
23) Depending on the methodology employed
in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described
with words such as:
a]
high medium nr low of may have numerical descriptors.
b)
High, medium or low only
c)
Numerical descriptors+ only
d)
Descriptive only
24) A process to assess risks, to determine if risk reduction Is required and to develop a plan to maintain
risks at an acceptable level:
a)
Risk management
b)
Risk mitigation
c)
Risk control
d)
Risk evaluation
25) Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event:
a)
Risk Mitigation
b)
Risk Redaction
c)
Residual risk
dj
Unmitigated risk
26) Probability of failure is normally expressed
a)
Just as details
b)
Mentioned
c)
Cannot be measured
d)
Estimated by inspector
in frequency
27)
represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval setting,
recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of operating facilities
a) RBI
b)
PHA
c) HAZOP
dj RCM
28) Generally. a qualitative analysis using broad
ranges requires a
from the user than a
quantitative approach
a)
higher level of judgement skill and understanding
b)
lower level of judgment skill and understanding
c)
no special skill
d)
Are of the above
29) An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes potential
a]
Evert tree
b)
Event
c)
C Outcome
d)
D Consequence
30) Consequence analysis will aid in preparation of:
a)
Risk chart
b)
Risk ranking of equipment
c)
to understand the probability of failures
d)
to understand about equipment history
ina
logical and graphical manner:
31) Who should be consulted to define the equipment deterioration mechanisms, susceptibility and
potential failure modes?
a)
Ametallurgist or corrosion specialist
b) a metallurgist and corrosion specialist
c)
Ametallurgist only
d)
Corrosion specialist only
32) Which of the following assumption significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate early in the
equipment life?
a)
Ifthe base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original
thickness..1
b)
If original thickness not available, averaged ut thickness readings may be use
c)
ifthe original thickness not available, minimum
d)
Mone of the above
ut thickness readings may be use
33) Aqueous chloride solution |s carried inte a sensitized stainless steel vessel: the fallowing cracking
mechanism takes very rapidly depending on temperature
a)
sulfide stress corrosion cracking
b})
Leak can occur
c)
Chloride stress corrosion cracking
d) PASCC
34) Qualitative assessment is done on the basis Of
a)
Knowledge of operating
History
b)
inspection plans
c)
Possible material deteriorations
d)
All the above
35) Equipment reliability is especially important if leaks can be caused by:
a)
secondary failures, such as loss of utilities
b)
primary failures such as leak, due to severe corrosion
c)
Tertiary failures due to valve gland packing leak
d)
Ali of the abowe
36) Act of modifying a known risk to a lower level of risk.
a)
Risk reduction
b)
Risk mitigation
c)
Risk evaluation
d)
Risk assessment
37) The data validation step stresses the need for acknowledgeable individual:
a)
To compare data from the inspections to the expected deterioration mechanism ani rates
b})
To compare the results with previous measurements ci that system
c)
similar
d)
all of the above
systems at the site or within the company or published data
38) In RBI program discrimination between equipment items
on the basis of significance of potential
failures
a}
failure analysis
b)
Determining failure modes
c)
Consequence analysis
a)
A&B
39)
arc the primary inputs Into the probability
a)
The deterioratian
b)
loss of cantainment of fluid
c)
Rum toxicity and its concentration
d)
Damage mechanisms and Its seventy
mechanisms rate and suscepubiltes
40) thing or activity with a potential for consequence
a)
Source
bj
Hazard
c)
Toxic
a)
Consequence
of failore evaluation
41) Risk presented in quantitative risk analysis as
a]
precise numeric value
b)
Form of risk matrix
c)
Form of event tree and fault tree
d)
None of the above
42) Effective inspection program can be derived for RE| FROM
a)
Proper NDT method
b)
inspection coverage
c)
inspection frequency
d)
all the above
best suited
for deterioration
mechanism
43) In RBI most of the probability assessment will be
a)
Only quality assessment
b)
Only quantity assessment
c)
Blend of quality and quaintly assessment
d)
Risk assessment
44) If operating condition have changed, deterioration rates based on inspection data from the previous
operating conditions
a)
‘Valid till the equipment exists with any change
b)
May not be valid
c)
Can be valid with some correction by engineers
d)
depends on type of damage
mechanisms
45) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to ssc:
a)
Small holes to rupture
b) Small holes
c)
Cracks
d)
Only rupture
46) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration:
al
Small holes to ruptures
b)
Cracks
¢)
Catastrophic rupture
d)
Leaks
47) The primary work product of the
RE! provides
RBI assessment and management approach an implementation of
al
Overall reduction of risk and acceptance of current risk
b)
Overall increase of risk and acceptance of risk
c)
Overall reduction al risk and negligence of current risk
d)
Overall increase of risk and negligence of current risk
48) if multiple inspections. have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating
conditions?
al
Most recant inspection
by)
Base line inspection survey
c)
Process conditions
a)
corrosion survey
49) Consequence
side of the risk equation is normally managed
a)
inspection alone
b)
Process safely personnel
c)
Management
dj
B&e
50) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning
a)
Larger leaks or rupture
b)
Only rupture
c)
Metal
d)
Cracks
loss
by:
51) The event may be
a)
Singular or rnultiple
b)
Certain or uncertain
c)
Loss or gain
d)
Botha&b
52) When some risk identified as acceptable than one of the following is not required
a)
Risk reduction
b)
Risk evaluation
c)
Risk mitigation
d)
Risk control
53) lf a wery aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a -system intoa
downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be
a)
Patting corrosion
b)
Rapid Corrosion could result in failure ina few hours days
c)
General corrosion over a period t ci time could result in metal loss
d)
No deterioration mil take place since carbon steel Is resistant to aggressive acid
5.4) For a typical inspection program, if excessive inspection is applied then,
a)
Level or risk tray go up
b)
level of risk may go down
c)
Level of risk remain the same
d)
None of the above
55) Potential source of errors in RBI analysis regarding data quality are the following except
a)
Assumptions equipment history
b)
Outdated drawings and
c)
inspector error
d)
Advanced
inspection
documentation
methods
56)
is usually not the primary objective of arbiassessment. But it is frequently a side effect of
optimization.
a)
Reducing inspection costs
b)
Increasing inspection costs
c)
Increasing frequency of inspection programs-
d)
None et the above
57) The following are the risks identified by RBI assessment that may be managed by actions other than
inspection. Except one
a)
Modification of the process to eliminate conditions driving the risk
b)
Modification of operating procedures to avoid situations driving the risk
c)
Chemical treatment of the process to reduce deterioration
d)
identifying are detecting deterioration and predicting future deterioration states with advanced
rates/susceptibilities
inspection technique (5)
58) In the event of a leak the potential failure of an isolation valve could
a)
Increase the inventory
b)
Decrease the inventory
c)
No ham
d)
None of the above
59) following
to inventory
will cover the functional failures except
a)
Heat exchanger tutu failure
b)
Pressure relief device failure
c)
Rotating equipment failure
d)
Static equipment to lure due to process environment
60) Most of the damage from thermal effects tends to occur in
a)
close range
b)
wide range
c)
Large distance
d)
None of the above
61) Following are not the residual risk factors for loss of containment.
a)
Human
error
b)
Natural disasters
¢)
fundamental limitations of inspection method
d)
toxic fluid containment
62) The primary product of a RBI effort should be
a)
An inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated
b)
Mitigation plan for each equipment item- evaluated
c)
Residual risk assessment plan iv each equipment item evalual6d
dj
Risk mitigation
63) Following are the common mechanical deterioration mechanisms except
a)
Fatigue
b)
Stress/creep rupture
c)
Tensile overload
d)
intergranular corrosion
64)
are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking.
a)
Literature. expert (JOmen and experience
b) Cracking mechanisms
c)
Damage
mechanisms
d)
Fluid toxicity and its constituents
65) Risk presented in qualitative risk analysis as
a]
Precise numeric value
b)
Form of risk matrix
c)
Form of event tree and fault tree
d)
None of the above.
66) The reduction in the ability of a component to provide its intended purpose of containment of Fluids
Deterioration
a)
Damage
b)
Degradation
c)
Thinning
67) Results of quantitative consequence analysis are usually expressed in
a)
Numeric
b)
Ranges from high to low
c)
Frequency
d)
Occasion
68) In most consequence evolutions a key element in determining the magnitude of the consequence is
a)
The volume of fluid released
b)
Amount of surface area exposed due to toxic release
c)
Physical area impacted by release
d)
Non of the above
69) In process plants are established to detect and evoluate deterioration due to in service operation
a)
Inspection and testing programs
6) Condition monitoring programs
c)
Preventive maintenance
programs
d)
In service inspection programs
70) RBI is based on
a)
Sound proven risk assessment and management principles
b)
Risk mitigation principles
c)
HAZOP principal
d)
PHA principles