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Anatomy & Physiology
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A&P Basics
Anatomy Vs. Physiology
Define each term
Gross
Anatomy
Microscopic
Anatomy
Write in examples
Cytology
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Histology
A&P Basics
answer
key
Anatomy Vs. Physiology
Define each term
Study of the
structure of body parts
Study of the function
of body parts
Gross
Anatomy
Microscopic
Anatomy
Study of large,
visible structures
Study of small
structures requiring
a microscope
(can not be seen
by the naked eye)
Write in examples
• Organs
• Muscles
• Bones
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Cytology
Histology
Study of
CELLS
Study of
TISSUES
A&P Basics
Matching:
Match the description with the correct directional term using the word bank provided.
1. The head is
to the neck.
2. The hand is
to the elbow.
3. The nose is
to the brain.
4. The spine is
to the sternum.
5. The sternum is
to the vertebrae.
6. The muscles are
to the bones.
7. The ears are
to the eyes.
8. The shoulder is
to the elbow.
9. The mouth is
to the cheeks.
10. The stomach is
to the lungs.
Label each directional term.
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Word bank
• distal
• proximal
• posterior
• deep
• inferior
• lateral
• superficial
• medial
• superior
• anterior
A&P Basics
answer
key
Matching:
Match the description with the correct directional term using the word bank provided.
1. The head is
superior
to the neck.
2. The hand is
distal
to the elbow.
3. The nose is
anterior
to the brain.
4. The spine is
posterior
to the sternum.
5. The sternum is
anterior
to the vertebrae.
6. The muscles are
superficial
to the bones.
7. The ears are
lateral
8. The shoulder is
proximal
9. The mouth is
medial
to the cheeks.
10. The stomach is
inferior
to the lungs.
Word bank
to the eyes.
• distal
• proximal
• posterior
• deep
• inferior
• lateral
• superficial
• medial
• superior
• anterior
to the elbow.
Label each directional term.
Superior
Medial
"up"
"Middle"
Proximal
Cranial
Posterior
Anterior
Lateral
Lateral
Caudal
Distal
"Down"
Inferior
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Medial
A&P Basics
Fill in the blank:
Write in the name for the anatomical plane.
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A&P Basics
answer
key
Fill in the blank:
Transverse
“horizontal or axial plane”
Write in the name for the anatomical plane.
Coronal/frontal
Sagittal
Transverse think cuts
the Torso into a Top half
Face the Front
with Coronal Cut
Sagittal think
Splits the Sides
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Chemistry Basics
Match the description with the correct term.
1. A molecule that is formed from atoms of more than one element.
Atom
2. The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Molecule
3. A group of two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound
Match the term with the correct pictures.
MOLECULE
(Identify 2 pictures
in right column)
Compound
Atom
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answer
key
Chemistry Basics
Match the description with the correct term.
1. A molecule that is formed from atoms of more than one element.
Atom
2. The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Molecule
3. A group of two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound
Match the term with the correct pictures.
MOLECULE
(Identify 2 pictures
in right column)
Compound
Atom
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Atoms can
exist Alone
Molecules exist in Masses
(group of two
or more atoms)
Compounds Combine
different types of atoms
Tissues
Match the description with the correct term.
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
a. Creates protective boundaries throughout the body
and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules
b. Used to initiate movement in the body
c. Most abundant tissue in the body. Supports and
connects all other tissues
d. Transmits and integrates information through the
central and peripheral nervous system
Match the term with the correct picture.
Epithelial Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Connective Tissue
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Tissues
answer
key
Match the description with the correct term.
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
A
B
D
C
a. Creates protective boundaries throughout the body
and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules
b. Used to initiate movement in the body
c. Most abundant tissue in the body. Supports and
connects all other tissues
d. Transmits and integrates information through the
central and peripheral nervous system
Match the term with the correct picture.
Epithelial Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Connective Tissue
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Cells
Levels of Organization
These levels represent how biological systems are structured, building up from
the simplest components to the complexity of the human body as a whole
Fill in the blank
Largest
LEVEL
LEVEL
LEVEL
LEVEL
LEVEL
SIMPLEST
LEVEL
Match the term with the correction description.
Microtubules
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
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A. Controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining the internal balance
B. Contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates cell activities
C. Produces energy (ATP) to power cellular functions
D. Site of protein synthesis
E. Site of steroid & lipid synthesis and lipid metabolism
F. Supports cell, gives cell shape, involved in intracellular & cellular
movements
Cells
answer
key
Levels of Organization
These levels represent how biological systems are structured, building up from
the simplest components to the complexity of the human body as a whole
Fill in the blank
Largest
SIMPLEST
Organism
LEVEL
Organ System
LEVEL
Organ
LEVEL
Tissue
LEVEL
Cellular
LEVEL
Chemical
LEVEL
Match the term with the correction description.
Microtubules
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
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F
D
A
C
E
B
A. Controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining the internal balance
B. Contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates cell activities
C. Produces energy (ATP) to power cellular functions
D. Site of protein synthesis
E. Site of steroid & lipid synthesis and lipid metabolism
F. Supports cell, gives cell shape, involved in intracellular & cellular
movements
Blood
Match the description with the correct term.
Plasma
a. Red blood cells
Erythrocytes
b. Platelets
Leukocytes
c. The liquid part of the
Thrombocytes
blood without any cells
d. White blood cells
Fill in the blank:
Fill in the correct blood components based on the percentage
(%) using the word bank provided.
Word bank
• Plasma
55%
• Red blood cells (RBCs)
• White blood cells (WBCs)
• Platelets
“buffy coat”
1%
Fill in the blank:
BLOOD TYPE
CAN DONATE TO
45%
OO+
AA+
BB+
ABAB+
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1. The universal donor blood type is
2. The universal recipient blood type is
.
.
Blood
answer
key
Match the description with the correct term.
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
a. Red blood cells
C
A
D
B
b. Platelets
c. The liquid part of the
blood without any cells
d. White blood cells
Fill in the blank:
∙ Plenty of Plasma
Fill in the correct blood components based on the percentage
(%) using the word bank provided.
∙ Extra Erythrocytes
∙ A Little bit of Leukocytes
Word bank
∙ A Tiny bit of Thrombocytes
• Plasma
55%
• Red blood cells (RBCs)
• White blood cells (WBCs)
• Platelets
Plasma
1%
White blood cells (WBCs)
&
platelets
Fill in the blank:
BLOOD TYPE
CAN DONATE TO
O-
O-, O+, A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+
(universal donor)
O+
O+, A+, B+, AB+
A-
A-, A+, AB-, AB+
A+
A+ and AB+
B-
B-, B+, AB-, AB+
B+
B+ and AB+
AB-
AB- and AB+
AB+
AB+ (universal recipient)
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“buffy coat”
45%
Red blood cells (RBCs)
o think universal donor
1. The universal donor blood type is
O- .
2. The universal recipient blood type is
AB+ .
Cardiovascular System
Fill in the blank: Veins vs. Arteries
1. Veins carry
blood
2. Arteries carry
blood
3. The only exception to this is the
heart.
heart.
&
.
Fill in the blank: Blood flow through the heart
Right
Left
Deoxygenated blood
1
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
6
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Oxygenated blood
10
11
12
Carries
Carries
blood to the
blood to the
Cardiovascular System
answer
key
Fill in the blank: Veins vs. Arteries
Veins = Visit the heart
1. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
2. Arteries carry
oxygenated blood away from the heart.
3. The only exception to this is the
Arteries = Away from the heart
pulmonary artery & pulmonary vein .
Fill in the blank: Blood flow through the heart
Right
Left
Deoxygenated blood
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Superior Vena Cava/
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Oxygenated blood
7 Pulmonary Vein
8
Left Atrium
9 Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
10
11
12
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Carries
Carries
Deoxygenated
Oxygenated
blood to the
blood to the
Lungs
Tissues/Body
Cardiovascular System
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Brachiocephalic artery
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary
veins
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
Right ventricle
Left common carotid artery
Apex
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Left anterior
descending artery
Great cardiac vein
Left ventricle
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Cardiovascular System
answer
key
Respiratory System
Match the correct term with the description.
1. A small flap that prevents food from entering the windpipe.
a. Epiglottis
2. Cartilage structure responsible for producing sound.
b. Intercostal muscles
3. Groups of air sacs located at the ends of the smallest airways.
c. Bronchioles
4. A muscle beneath the lungs that assists with breathing.
d. Bronchi
5. Hair-like projections that move debris and microbes out of the airway.
e. Trachea
6. The shared pathway for both air and food.
f. Pharynx
7. A tube reinforced with cartilage rings and lined with
g. Cilia
tiny hair-like structures.
8. Smaller airways that branch off from the main windpipe.
9. Transports air directly to the clusters of air sacs in the lungs.
10. Muscles between the ribs that play a role in the breathing process.
Arrange the following steps of gas
exchange in the correct order:
Gas exchange occurs; CO2 is exhaled out because it is a waste product,
while the O2 we breathe in binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
The venous system brings CO2-rich blood back to the heart,
where it is pumped to the lungs for exhalation.
Blood from the pulmonary artery moves from the heart into capillaries
surrounding the alveoli.
O2 is absorbed into the bloodstream and is transported to the body’s
organs and tissues.
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h. Larynx
i.
Alveoli
j. Diaphragm
answer
key
Respiratory System
Match the correct term with the description.
A
1. A small flap that prevents food from entering the windpipe.
a. Epiglottis
H
2. Cartilage structure responsible for producing sound.
b. Intercostal muscles
I
3. Groups of air sacs located at the ends of the smallest airways.
c. Bronchioles
J
4. A muscle beneath the lungs that assists with breathing.
d. Bronchi
G
5. Hair-like projections that move debris and microbes out of the airway.
e. Trachea
F
6. The shared pathway for both air and food.
f. Pharynx
E
7. A tube reinforced with cartilage rings and lined with
g. Cilia
tiny hair-like structures.
D
8. Smaller airways that branch off from the main windpipe.
C
9. Transports air directly to the clusters of air sacs in the lungs.
B
10. Muscles between the ribs that play a role in the breathing process.
Arrange the following steps of gas
exchange in the correct order:
2
Gas exchange occurs; CO2 is exhaled out because it is a waste product,
while the O2 we breathe in binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
4
The venous system brings CO2-rich blood back to the heart,
where it is pumped to the lungs for exhalation.
1
Blood from the pulmonary artery moves from the heart into capillaries
surrounding the alveoli.
3
O2 is absorbed into the bloodstream and is transported to the body’s
organs and tissues.
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h. Larynx
i.
Alveoli
j. Diaphragm
Respiratory System
= Green
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= Red
Respiratory System
answer
key
Upper Respiratory Tract = Green
Lower Respiratory Tract = Red
Sphenoid sinus
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Carina of the trachea
Right lung
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Left lung
Alveoli
Primary bronchi
Alveolar sac
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Respiratory System
Fill in the blank:
Use the word bank provided to fill in the blank.
is a a chronic
condition present in any stage of life which
includes narrowing of the airways,
excess mucus, and wheezing.
Hyperinflation of the alveoli and
air-trapping are classic signs of
A(n)
is often caused
by trauma to the chest. Blood collects in the
pleural space and places pressure,
“collapsing” the lung.
is the
inflammation of pleuritic membranes.
Word bank
© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
• Pleuritis
• Hemothorax
• Emphysema
• Asthma
Respiratory System
answer
key
Fill in the blank:
Use the word bank provided to fill in the blank.
Asthma
is a a chronic
condition present in any stage of life which
includes narrowing of the airways,
excess mucus, and wheezing.
Hyperinflation of the alveoli and
air-trapping are classic signs of
emphysema
hemothorax
A(n)
is often caused
by trauma to the chest. Blood collects in the
pleural space and places pressure,
“collapsing” the lung.
Pleuritis
is the
inflammation of pleuritic membranes.
Word bank
© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
• Pleuritis
• Hemothorax
• Emphysema
• Asthma
Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
Matching:
Match the correct component of the digestive tract with its description.
a. Oral cavity
1. Stores bile to help digest fat.
b. Esophagus
2. Produces digestive enzymes and insulin.
c. Stomach
3. Holds feces in until ready to defecate.
d. Pancreas
4. Ingestion of food and water, mastication, and swallowing.
e. Liver
5. Absorption of sodium and water.
f. Gallbladder
6. Storage of feces.
g. Small intestine
7. Energy metabolism, regulating blood glucose, nutrient storage,
h. Large intestine
clearance of toxins.
8. Transports food bolus to the stomach.
9. Nutrients are absorbed and immune cells produced.
10. Breaks down food into chyme.
Match the correct prefixes to
their associated organ:
Gastro-
Hepato-
Chole© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
i.
Rectum
j. Anus
Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
answer
key
Matching:
Match the correct component of the digestive tract with its description.
a. Oral cavity
F
1. Stores bile to help digest fat.
b. Esophagus
D
2. Produces digestive enzymes and insulin.
c. Stomach
J
3. Holds feces in until ready to defecate.
d. Pancreas
A
4. Ingestion of food and water, mastication, and swallowing.
e. Liver
H
5. Absorption of sodium and water.
f. Gallbladder
I
6. Storage of feces.
g. Small intestine
E
7. Energy metabolism, regulating blood glucose, nutrient storage,
h. Large intestine
clearance of toxins.
B
8. Transports food bolus to the stomach.
G
9. Nutrients are absorbed and immune cells produced.
C
10. Breaks down food into chyme.
Match the correct prefixes to
their associated organ:
Gastro-
Hepato-
Chole© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
i.
Rectum
j. Anus
Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
Fill in the blank:
Use the word bank provided to fill in the blank.
Process of breaking down
food with teeth
The name of the valve between
the esophagus and the stomach
Answer:
Answer:
Enzyme in the stomach that helps to break
down proteins into smaller peptides
The middle section of the small intestine
Answer:
Answer:
Word bank
• Villi
• Pepsin
• Jejunum
• Lower esophageal
sphincter
• Mastication
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Finger-like projections in the small intestine
Answer:
answer
key
Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
Fill in the blank:
Use the word bank provided to fill in the blank.
Process of breaking down
food with teeth
The name of the valve between
the esophagus and the stomach
Answer:
Answer:
Mastication
Lower esophageal sphincter
Enzyme in the stomach that helps to break
down proteins into smaller peptides
The middle section of the small intestine
Answer:
Answer:
Pepsin
Jejunum
Word bank
• Villi
• Pepsin
• Jejunum
• Lower esophageal
sphincter
• Mastication
Finger-like projections in the small intestine
Answer:
Villi
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Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
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Gastrointestinal/Digestive System
answer
key
Teeth
Tongue
Parotid gland
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Liver
Epiglottis
Gallbladder
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Spleen
Pancreas
Appendix
Large intestine
Rectum
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Anus
Urinary/Renal System
TRUE OR FALSE?
1. TRUE / FALSE The right kidney is located slightly higher than the left kidney.
2. TRUE / FALSE Blood enters the nephron through the afferent arteriole and exits
through the efferent arteriole.
3. TRUE / FALSE The glomerulus is the primary site for blood filtration in the nephron.
4. TRUE / FALSE The urethra transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
5. TRUE / FALSE The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney.
Match the correct terms with their function.
1. Transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
a. Glomerulus
2. Filters blood to produce filtrate.
b. Bowman’s capsule
3. Reabsorbs nutrients, water & ions from filtrate into the bloodstream.
c. Proximal convoluted
4. Secretes renin to control blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
5. Reabsorbs water and salts, which concentrates urine.
6. Gathers urine from the nephron and directs it into the renal pelvis.
7. Collects the filtrate from the glomerulus.
8. Collects urine produced in the kidney and directs it to the ureter.
9. Regulates electrolyte balance and pH.
10. Transports urine from the bladder outside of the body.
tubule
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal convoluted
tubule
f. Collecting duct
g. Ureter
h. Renal pelvis
i.
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
j. Urethra
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Urinary/Renal System
answer
key
TRUE OR FALSE?
1. TRUE / FALSE The right kidney is located slightly higher than the left kidney.
2. TRUE / FALSE Blood enters the nephron through the afferent arteriole and exits
Afferent
think Arrives
through the efferent arteriole.
3. TRUE / FALSE The glomerulus is the primary site for blood filtration in the nephron.
Efferent
think Exits
4. TRUE / FALSE The urethra transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
5. TRUE / FALSE The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney.
Match the correct terms with their function.
G
1. Transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
a. Glomerulus
A
2. Filters blood to produce filtrate.
b. Bowman’s capsule
C
3. Reabsorbs nutrients, water & ions from filtrate into the bloodstream.
c. Proximal convoluted
I
4. Secretes renin to control blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
D
5. Reabsorbs water and salts, which concentrates urine.
F
6. Gathers urine from the nephron and directs it into the renal pelvis.
B
7. Collects the filtrate from the glomerulus.
H
8. Collects urine produced in the kidney and directs it to the ureter.
E
9. Regulates electrolyte balance and pH.
J
10. Transports urine from the bladder outside of the body.
tubule
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal convoluted
tubule
f. Collecting duct
g. Ureter
h. Renal pelvis
i.
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
j. Urethra
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Urinary/Renal System
female urinary system
• Bladder
• Ureters
• Kidneys
Word bank
• Urethra
Male urinary system
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female urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
• Bladder
• Ureters
• Kidneys
Word bank
• Urethra
Male urinary system
© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
Urinary/Renal System
answer
key
Bones & The Skeletal System
Match the correct term with the description.
Flat Bones
1. Flattened shape, providing protection and a broad surface for muscle attachment.
Short Bones
2. These bones come in various irregular sizes and shapes, often fitting into specialized areas.
Long Bones
3. Has a central shaft and two distinct ends, making them longer than they are wide.
Sesamoid Bones
4. Equal length and width, giving them a cube-like appearance.
Irregular Bones
5. Small, round, and typically embedded within tendons.
Fill in the correct bone type to the correct example.
© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
answer
key
Bones & The Skeletal System
Match the correct term with the description.
Flat Bones
1. Flattened shape, providing protection and a broad surface for muscle attachment.
Short Bones
2. These bones come in various irregular sizes and shapes, often fitting into specialized areas.
Long Bones
3. Has a central shaft and two distinct ends, making them longer than they are wide.
Sesamoid Bones
4. Equal length and width, giving them a cube-like appearance.
Irregular Bones
5. Small, round, and typically embedded within tendons.
Fill in the correct bone type to the correct example.
Flat bone
Long bone
Sesamoid bone
Irregular bone
Short bone
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Bones & The Skeletal System
TRUE OR FALSE?
1. TRUE / FALSE The fibula is larger and stronger than the tibia.
2. TRUE / FALSE There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body.
3. TRUE / FALSE Phalanges are bones in the fingers and toes.
4. TRUE / FALSE The adult skeleton includes both compact and spongy bone.
5. TRUE / FALSE The occiptal bone forms the forehead.
6. TRUE / FALSE The endosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of long bones.
Fill-in-the-blank:
1. The
is the longest bone in the human body.
2. The
are located in the middle of the foot.
3. The vertebrae consist of
(C1-C7),
(T1-T12), and
4. The
and
5. The
are the main bones in the forearm.
is a large, bony prominence located on
the proximal of the femur.
6. The
,
, and
cuneiforms are bones in the middle of the foot that make up the tarsus.
© 2024 NurseInTheMaking LLC
(L1-L5).
Bones & The Skeletal System
answer
key
TRUE OR FALSE?
1. TRUE / FALSE The fibula is larger and stronger than the tibia.
2. TRUE / FALSE There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body.
Tibia think
Tucked inside &
Two Times as thick
Fibula think
Faces out
3. TRUE / FALSE Phalanges are bones in the fingers and toes.
4. TRUE / FALSE The adult skeleton includes both compact and spongy bone.
5. TRUE / FALSE The occiptal bone forms the forehead.
6. TRUE / FALSE The endosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of long bones.
“ENDO” means inside
Fill-in-the-blank:
femur
is the longest bone in the human body.
2. The metatarsal bones are located in the middle of the foot.
3. The vertebrae consist of
MetaTarsal think
Middle of Toes
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7),
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12), and
(L1-L5).
Breakfast at 7
4. The
radius
are the main bones in the forearm.
Lunch at 12
5. The
greater trochanter is a large, bony prominence located on
Dinner at 5
↑
and
ulna
lumbar vertebrae
↑
1. The
the proximal of the femur.
6. The
medial ,
intermediate , and lateral
cuneiforms are bones in the middle of the foot that make up the tarsus.
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“My Intelligent
Little Cuneiforms”
Medial, Intermediate,
Lateral Cuneiforms
Bones & The Skeletal System
Diseases of the Bones
Match the description with the correct term.
Gout
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
a. Joint inflammation causing pain and swelling,
making everyday movements difficult.
b. A chronic condition where the immune system attacks joints, causing swelling.
c. A wear-and-tear disease where joint cartilage breaks down,
causing stiffness and pain.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rickets
d. A form of arthritis caused by uric acid crystals forming in joints,
leading to sharp pain.
Osteoarthritis
Osteosarcoma
Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis
e. A condition where bones become weak and brittle.
f. An infection in the bone that often affects children and causes pain.
g. A type of bone cancer that usually affects the long bones of limbs.
h. A childhood disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weak bones.
i.
A forward curvature of the upper spine, leading to a "hunched" back.
j. An excessive inward curve in the lower back.
k. A sideways curve in the spine.
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Bones & The Skeletal System
answer
key
Diseases of the Bones
Match the description with the correct term.
Gout
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rickets
Osteoarthritis
Osteosarcoma
Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis
D
E
A
F
B
H
C
G
K
J
I
a. Joint inflammation causing pain and swelling,
making everyday movements difficult.
b. A chronic condition where the immune system attacks joints, causing swelling.
c. A wear-and-tear disease where joint cartilage breaks down,
causing stiffness and pain.
d. A form of arthritis caused by uric acid crystals forming in joints,
leading to sharp pain.
e. A condition where bones become weak and brittle.
f. An infection in the bone that often affects children and causes pain.
g. A type of bone cancer that usually affects the long bones of limbs.
h. A childhood disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weak bones.
i.
A forward curvature of the upper spine, leading to a "hunched" back.
j. An excessive inward curve in the lower back.
k. A sideways curve in the spine.
Kyphosis
When you drop your KEYS
(Kyphosis) you have to lean down
and pick them up which makes
you have a spinal curvature
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Lordosis
LORDosis think
standing tall with chest
puffed out like a lord
Scoliosis
Scoliosis think
Sway Sideways
Skeleton
Anterior View
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Skeleton
answer
key
Anterior View
Mandible
Frontal bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Clavicle
Cervical vertebrae
Sternum
Humerus
Ulna
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
Costal cartilage
Radius
Carpal bones
Lumbar vertebrae
Ilium
Phalanges
Sacrum
Metacarpal bones
Coccyx
Femur
Patella
Tibia
MetaTarsal
think Middle of Toes
Metatarsal bones
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Fibula
Tarsal bones
Phalanges
Musculoskeletal System
Match the description with the correct term.
A term can be used more than once.
1. Connects bone to bone
a. Tendon
2. Connects muscle to bone
b. Ligament
3. Cushions joints from impact & friction
c. Cartilage
4. Continued “wear and tear” of this
leads to osteoarthritis
Match the description with the correct term.
Hernia
Fibromyalgia
Tendinitis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Myalgia
Dystonia
Muscular Dystrophy
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Paget's Disease
Strain
Ankylosing Spondylitis
a. Overstretching or tearing a muscle, often from lifting too much
or improper form.
b. General muscle pain.
c. Involuntary muscle contractions causing repetitive movements.
d. An organ pushes through a weak spot in muscle tissue.
e. Pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, causing pain and numbness.
f. A chronic disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tenderness.
g. A group of genetic disorders where muscles progressively weaken over time.
h. Inflammation of the tendons due to overuse, causing pain and
restricted movement.
i.
A genetic disorder characterized by bones that break easily, often with little or
no apparent cause.
j. A chronic disorder where bones break down and rebuild too quickly, leading to
weakened, deformed bones.
k. An inflammatory disease causing the spine to fuse, resulting in reduced
flexibility and pain.
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Musculoskeletal System
answer
key
Match the description with the correct term.
A term can be used more than once.
B
1. Connects bone to bone
a. Tendon
A
2. Connects muscle to bone
b. Ligament
C
3. Cushions joints from impact & friction
c. Cartilage
C
4. Continued “wear and tear” of this
Ligaments
Love bones
leads to osteoarthritis
Tendon think
don't Tear
your muscle
Match the description with the correct term.
Hernia
Fibromyalgia
Tendonitis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Myalgia
Dystonia
Muscular Dystrophy
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Paget's Disease
Strain
Ankylosing Spondylitis
D
F
H
E
B
C
G
I
J
a. Overstretching or tearing a muscle, often from lifting too much
A
K
h. Inflammation of the tendons due to overuse, causing pain and
or improper form.
b. General muscle pain.
c. Involuntary muscle contractions causing repetitive movements.
d. An organ pushes through a weak spot in muscle tissue.
e. Pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, causing pain and numbness.
f. A chronic disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tenderness.
g. A group of genetic disorders in which muscles progressively weaken over time.
restricted movement.
i.
A genetic disorder characterized by bones that break easily, often with little or
no apparent cause.
j. A chronic disorder where bones break down and rebuild too quickly, leading to
weakened, deformed bones.
k. An inflammatory disease causing the spine to fuse, resulting in reduced
flexibility and pain.
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Musculoskeletal System
Types of Muscles
Fill in the blank or circle the correct option.
Cardiac Muscle
1. Located in the walls of the
.
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
shape.
5.
Smooth Muscle
1. Located in the walls of the
.
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
5.
shape.
Skeletal Muscle
1. Located attached
.
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
5.
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shape.
Musculoskeletal System
answer
key
Types of Muscles
Fill in the blank or circle the correct option.
Cardiac Muscle
1. Located in the walls of the
heart .
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
5.
Rectangle shape.
Smooth Muscle
1. Located in the walls of the
hollow organs & blood vessels
.
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
5.
Spindle shape.
Skeletal Muscle
1. Located attached
to bone by tendons
2. Involuntary or voluntary?
3. Striated or non-striated?
4. One nucleus or many nuclei?
5.
Long, cylindrical
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shape.
.
Musculoskeletal System
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Sarcomere
Define
Identify the: M line, Z line(s) and H zone
Muscle
Muscle
Match the description with the correct term.
When muscle fibers contract
When muscle fibers relaxAnkylosing Spondylitis
a. The sarcomere lengthens as the actin filaments
move away from the M line, allowing the myosin
heads to detach
b. The sarcomere shortens as the myosin heads
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pull the actin filaments inward, toward the
M line, causing the sarcomere to shorten
Musculoskeletal System
answer
key
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Sarcomere
Define
The basic functional unit of a myofibril,
defined as the region between two Z-lines
Identify the:
M line, Z line(s) and H zone
Relaxed
Identify the name of the space
between the yellow vertical lines.
Contracted
Muscle
M Line
Z Line
H Zone
Muscle
Sarcomere (contracted muscle)
Z Line
Match the description with the correct term.
When muscle fibers contract
When muscle fibers relax
B
A
a. The sarcomere lengthens as the actin filaments
move away from the M line, allowing the myosin
heads to detach
b. The sarcomere shortens as the myosin heads pull
the actin filaments inward, toward the M line
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Endocrine System
Hormones
Match the hormone to ITS primary function.
Oxytocin
a. Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.
Glucagon
b. Raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose
Melatonin
Growth hormone (GH)
Cortisol
Estrogen
Insulin
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Testosterone
Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
from stored glycogen.
c. Regulates metabolism, energy production, and growth.
d. Helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar
and reducing inflammation.
e. Increases heart rate and blood flow during the "fight or flight" response.
f. Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones.
g. Promotes uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of breast milk.
h. Reduces urine output by promoting water retention in the kidneys.
i.
Regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics
and the menstrual cycle.
j. Promotes the development of male secondary sex characteristics
and muscle growth.
k. Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration.
l. Regulates sleep-wake cycles and helps induce sleep.
Diseases of the Endocrine System
Match the description with the correct term.
Tetany
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Insipidus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Addison’s Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
a. Low ADH levels cause excessive water loss and constant thirst
b. The thyroid becomes overactive, often causing eye bulging (exophthalmos)
c. The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to tiredness, weight gain,
and a swollen face (myxedema)
d. Caused by very low calcium, leading to muscle spasms and cramps.
e. Overproduction of cortisol leads to weight gain & high blood pressure
f. The adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol, causing weakness,
low blood pressure, and skin darkening
g. The pancreas doesn’t produce insulin, often starting in childhood and
is insulin dependent for life
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h. The body can’t use insulin properly, common in adults over 45 and often linked to obesity.
Endocrine System
answer
key
Hormones
Match the hormone to ITS primary function.
Oxytocin
G
B
L
K
D
I
A
E
J
Glucagon
Melatonin
Growth hormone (GH)
Cortisol
Estrogen
Insulin
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Testosterone
Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)
C
H
F
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
a. Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.
b. Raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose
from stored glycogen.
c. Regulates metabolism, energy production, and growth.
d. Helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar
and reducing inflammation.
e. Increases heart rate and blood flow during the "fight or flight" response.
f. Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones.
g. Promotes uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of breast milk.
h. Reduces urine output by promoting water retention in the kidneys.
i.
Regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics
and the menstrual cycle.
j. Promotes the development of male secondary sex characteristics
and muscle growth.
k. Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration.
l. Regulates sleep-wake cycles and helps induce sleep.
Diseases of the Endocrine System
Match the description with the correct term.
Tetany
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Insipidus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Addison’s Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
D
H
A
G
F
B
E
C
a. Low ADH levels cause excessive water loss and constant thirst
b. The thyroid becomes overactive, often causing eye bulging (exophthalmos)
c. The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to tiredness, weight gain,
and a swollen face (myxedema)
d. Caused by very low calcium, leading to muscle spasms and cramps.
e. Overproduction of cortisol leads to weight gain & high blood pressure
f. The adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol, causing weakness,
low blood pressure, and skin darkening
g. The pancreas doesn’t produce insulin, often starting in childhood and
is insulin dependent for life
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h. The body can’t use insulin properly, common in adults over 45 and often linked to obesity.
Endocrine System
Write the hormone released by the endocrine
organ/gland USING THE WORD BANK PROVIDED
Thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pituitary gland
• Adrenal cortex:
• Anterior:
paraThyroid gland
hypothalamus
• Posterior:
• Adrenal medulla:
These are called:
pancreas
ovaries
testes
• Adrenaline
• Cortisol
• Aldosterone
• Dopamine
• Androgens
• Epinephrine
• Antidiuretic hormone • Estrogen
• Calcitonin
• Catecholamines
• Corticotropinreleasing hormone
(CRH)
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• Follicle-stimulating
hormone
• Glucagon
• Glucocorticoids
Word bank
• Gonadotropinreleasing hormone
(GnRH)
• Growth hormone
• Mineralocorticoids
• Norepinephrine
• Oxytocin
• Thyroidstimulating
hormone
• Thyrotropinreleasing
• Parathyroid hormone
• Growth hormonehormone (TRH)
releasing hormone
• Progesterone
(GHRH)
• Thyroxine
• Prolactin
• Insulin
• Triiodothyronine
• Sex hormones
• Luteinizing hormone
• Vasopressin
• Testosterone
Endocrine System
answer
key
Write the hormone released by the endocrine
organ/gland USING THE WORD BANK PROVIDED
Thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pituitary gland
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
• Adrenal cortex:
Mineralocorticoids
Calcitonin
paraThyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
hypothalamus
Growth hormone-releasing
hormone (GHRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH)
• Cortisol
• Aldosterone
• Dopamine
• Androgens
• Epinephrine
• Antidiuretic hormone • Estrogen
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Prolactin
Cortisol
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Androgens
Growth hormone
• Posterior:
Antidiuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Adrenaline
Oxytocin
Norepinephrine
These are called:
Catecholamines
Insulin
• Adrenaline
• Corticotropinreleasing hormone
(CRH)
Glucocorticoids
pancreas
Testosterone
• Catecholamines
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Dopamine
testes
• Calcitonin
Aldosterone
Sex hormones
• Adrenal medulla:
Epinephrine
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH)
• Anterior:
Luteinizing hormone
• Follicle-stimulating
hormone
• Glucagon
• Glucocorticoids
ovaries
Estrogen
Progesterone
Glucagon
Word bank
• Gonadotropinreleasing hormone
(GnRH)
• Growth hormone
• Mineralocorticoids
• Norepinephrine
• Oxytocin
• Thyroidstimulating
hormone
• Thyrotropinreleasing
• Parathyroid hormone
• Growth hormonehormone (TRH)
releasing hormone
• Progesterone
(GHRH)
• Thyroxine
• Prolactin
• Insulin
• Triiodothyronine
• Sex hormones
• Luteinizing hormone
• Vasopressin
• Testosterone
Endocrine System
(visible posteriorly)
(male)
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(female)
Endocrine System
answer
key
Thalamus
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid glands
(visible posteriorly)
Thymus gland
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Testis
(male)
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Ovary
(female)
Nervous System
The
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nervous system.
The
nervous system.
Nervous System
answer
key
The
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central
nervous system.
The
peripheral
nervous system.
Nervous System
Nervous system
Central Nervous
Systems (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
Systems (PNS)
Match the description with the correct term.
The Somatic
Nervous System
a. The “rest and digest” system,
The Automatic
Nervous System
b. Controls involuntary actions that
Sympathetic
Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
the body returns to a state of calm.
occur automatically, such as heart rate,
digestion, and respiratory rate.
c. Responsible for controlling voluntary
movements of the body,
particularly the skeletal muscles.
d. Triggers the 'fight or flight' response.
Match the correct neurotransmitter to its action.
Glutamate
a. Learning & retaining information, attention span, muscle movements
Dopamine
b. Mood & pleasure sensation, libido, physical movement & motions, sleep habits
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Acetylcholine
GABA
(Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
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c. Attention span, mood, motivation, energy, concentration
d. Concentration & focus, survival mechanisms
e. Sleep regulation, feelings of calm,
stimulation & brain activity
f. Memory, nerve health & transmission
g. Mood regulation, sleep, libido
Nervous System
answer
key
Nervous system
Central Nervous
Systems (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
Systems (PNS)
Brain
Somatic
Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Autonomic
Nervous System
Match the description with the correct term.
The Somatic
Nervous System
a. The “rest and digest” system,
the body returns to a state of calm.
C
The Autonomic
Nervous System
B
Sympathetic
Nervous System
D
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
A
b. Controls involuntary actions that
Sympathetic
Nervous System
occur automatically, such as heart rate,
digestion, and respiratory rate.
c. Responsible for controlling voluntary
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
movements of the body,
particularly the skeletal muscles.
d. Triggers the 'fight or flight' response.
Match the correct neurotransmitter to its action.
Acetylcholine
F
B
C
G
D
A
GABA
(Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
E
Glutamate
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
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a. Learning & retaining information, attention span, muscle movements
b. Mood & pleasure sensation, libido, physical movement & motions, sleep habits
c. Attention span, mood, motivation, energy, concentration
d. Concentration & focus, survival mechanisms
e. Sleep regulation, feelings of calm,
stimulation & brain activity
f. Memory, nerve health & transmission
g. Mood regulation, sleep, libido
Nervous System
Label each lobe/structure of the brain and describe
its primary function in the space provided.
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Nervous System
answer
key
Label each lobe/structure of the brain and describe
its primary function in the space provided.
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Responsible for
visual processing
and interpretation
Frontal lobe
Processes sensory
information like touch,
temperature,
and body position
Parietal Processes
Position & Perception
Responsible for
voluntary movement,
decision-making,
personality, and
language production
Frontal think Function,
Figuring out & Front of brain
Occipital
Oversees Optics
Cerebellum
Controls
coordination,
balance, and
fine motor
movements
Temporal lobe
Regulates vital
functions such as
breathing, heart rate,
and blood vessel
control
Brainstem
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Involved in auditory perception,
memory retrieval, and
understanding language
Temporal think Tempo
(auditory)