Name
-
Mg Ye Yint Htun
Roll No -
Prelim-6
Subject -
Research Methodology
Academic Year (2025-2026)
1. What do you mean by research? Explain its significance in modern times.
Research is a systematic and scientific process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting
information to answer questions, solve problems, or generate new knowledge. It involves a
careful investigation or inquiry to discover facts, establish principles, or reach new conclusions.
In academic and scientific contexts, research usually follows a structured process that
includes:

Formulating the research problem

Extensive literature survey

Development of working hypotheses

Preparing the research design

Determining sample design

Collecting the data

Execution of the project

Analysis of data

Hypothesis testing

Generalisations and interpretation

Preparation of the report or presentation of the results
Significance of Research in Modern Times
Research plays a crucial role in shaping modern society and its development. Its
significance includes:
a. Advancement of Knowledge

Research helps expand the boundaries of what we know.

It provides deeper insight into natural, social, and technological phenomena.
b. Innovation and Technological Progress

Most technological developments—from smartphones to medical equipment—are
outcomes of extensive research.

It fuels innovation in industries like healthcare, engineering, and IT.
c. Evidence-Based Policy Making

Governments and organizations rely on research to make informed decisions on
public health, education, environment, etc.
d. Improving Quality of Life

Research leads to better healthcare treatments, sustainable practices, and improved
education, ultimately enhancing people's lives.
e. Problem Solving

Social issues (e.g., poverty, climate change, inequality) are better addressed through
research that uncovers root causes and suggests solutions.
f. Education and Academic Growth

Research fosters critical thinking and learning in academic institutions, preparing
students to contribute meaningfully to their fields.
g. Economic Growth

Research-driven industries boost economies through new products, services, and job
creation.
2. What distinguishes a quantitative study from a qualitative study?
A quantitative study and a qualitative study differ primarily in the type of data they
use, the research approach, and the study's objective.
Three Key Characteristics That Distinguish Them:
Feature
Quantitative Study
Qualitative Study
Nature of
Data
Uses numerical data (e.g., percentages, Uses non-numerical data (e.g.,
scores, statistics).
words, images, observations).
Research
Objective
Aims to measure variables, test
Aims to explore meanings,
hypotheses, and examine relationships experiences, or concepts to gain a
using statistical methods.
deeper understanding.
Data
Collection
Methods
Structured tools include surveys,
questionnaires, and experiments.
Unstructured or semi-structured
tools: interviews, focus groups,
observations.