Life Cycle
BODY
SYSTEMS
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Cardiovascular
Reproductive
Musculoskeletal
Digestive
Nervous
Lymphatic
Integumentary
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
MAIN PURPOSE: SEND SIGNALS
FROM BODY AND BRAIN
ORGANS: BRAIN, SPINAL CORD,
NERVES
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
MAIN PURPOSE:
SENDING BLOOD AND OXYGEN
THROUGHOUT THE BODY
REGULATING BODY TEMPERATURE
CARBON DIOXIDE WASTE
ORGANS
HEART,VEINS, ARTERIES,
Respiratory System
Main Purpose: Breath in Oxygen and Release Carbon Dioxide
Organs: Lungs, Diaphragm, Trachea, Bronchioles, Pharynx
Digestive System
Main Purpose: Digest food, absorb
nutrients, and eliminate wastes
Organs: Tongue, Esophagus,
Pharynx,Stomach, Large and small
intestines,liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
Lymphatic System
Main Purpose: Fight off
pathogens
Organs: Lymph nodes, bone
marrow, tonsils, spleen
MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
MAIN PURPOSE:
STRUCTURE AND
MOVEMENT
ORGANS: BONES
MUSCLES
IGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
MAIN PURPOSE:
PROTECTION FROM ELEMENTS AND
PATHOGENS
REGULATING BODY TEMPERATURE
ORGANS
SKIN, HAIR, NAILS, GLANDS
Reproductive System
Main Purpose: Having babies
Organs:
Females: Ovary, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina
Males: Testes, penis, vas defense
Internal Female Anatomy
Female Anatomy
The organs enable pregnancy to occur with the first monthly ovulation.
Cervix- opening to uterus
HPV can cause cervical cancer and genital warts
Uterus- hollow, muscular, organ that nourishes and protects fertilized egg until birth
Ovaries- female sex gland/reproductive organs that store the ova and produce
female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Born will all eggs
Fallopian tubes- connects ovaries to uterus and guides ovum
This is where fertization takes place
Endometrium- lining of uterus
Vagina- muscular and elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside
of the vagina
Female Maturation
Body Changes
Wider Hips
Breast development
Body Hair/ Pubic Hair
Deeper voice
Labia grow and might change color
Acne and sweating
Menstural Cycle
8-16 years old
Every 28 days
Ovum is released
If not fertilized, the endometrium is shed
Menstural Products
Pads
Tampons
Menstrual Cups
Menstrual Panties
Toxic Shock SyndromeA sudden high fever
Low blood pressure
Vomiting or diarrhea
A rash resembling a sunburn, particularly on your palms and soles
Confusion
Muscle aches
Redness of your eyes, mouth and throat
Seizures
Headaches
Male Anatomy
Urethra- tube that extends from the bladder to the outside of the body
Vas Deferens- the tube that extends from each epididymis to the urethra that carries sperm
from the testes to the penis.
Seminal vesicle- produces fluid that contains nutrients to nourish the sperm
Prostate gland- gland that produces fluid to combine with sperm to create semen
Epididymis- coiled tube that sits on top of each teste; this is where sperm are stored and
mature.
Teste (testicle)- two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm cells
Male Maturation
Body Changes
Body hair
Adam’s apple
Testes and penis grow and might change color
Acne and sweating
Spermatozoa
Onset of puberty
10-12 years old
GENETICS AND
REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH
CANCERS
PERIOD FLOW
POLYCISTIC OVARIAN SYNCROME (PCOS)
ENDOMITRIOSIS
Pregnancy
Sperm + Egg = Baby
INITIAL SIGNS OF
PREGNANCY
Missed Period
Not alway a definite sign of pregnancy: other factors can cause a missed period
Tenderness in breasts
Fatigue
Changes in appetite
“Morning Sickness”
Spotting or light irregular menstrual flow
First Semester Highlights
Amniotic sac and placenta grow
Extremities are fully formed at 12 weeks
About one inch long
Cartilage to bone
Reproductive organs develop
Second Semester Highlights
Heart beat is audible
Nervous system starts to function
Mother feels movement
Vernix Caseosa
Hearing is developed
Can be 14 inches long
Third Semester Highlights
Internal organs are developed
Fetus develops a body fat reserve
Less movement due to room
Gets into position
Pregnancy Continued
Females at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant can gain
between 25 and 35 pounds during pregnancy
Expecting mothers should avoid tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and
environmental hazards (lead, mercury, smog) and use pre-natal care.
Also should not consume certain fish, caffeine, deli meats
Pregnancy Complications
Premature birth
Miscarriage- before twentieth week
Gestational hypertension- high blood pressure while pregnant (typically
after 20th week); a severe version is called preeclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy- zygote implats in the fallopian tube, abdomen, ovary,
or cervix
STAGES OF
CHILDBIRTH
Labor- muscle contraction of the uterus become regular and
stronger; this causes a cervix dilate in widen
Delivery- services for late, maybe passes through the birth
canal and emerges from the mother’s body.
Afterbirth- attractions he went to the percentage push from
the mother’s body.
CERVICAL
DIALATION
PARENTHOOD
Unconditional love- love without limitations
Consequences of teen parenthood
Financial difficulties
Education and career restrictions
Emotional stress
Limitations on social and personal life
PARENTING CHOICES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
Adoption- the legal process of taking a child of other parents as
one’s own
Parents must provide:
Protection
Food
Clothing
Shelter
Education
Medical care
Guidence
Values
Set limits
Unconditional love
PREVENTION
Abstinence
Condoms
Pill
Patch
IUD
Spermicide
Plan B
Hormonal Ring
Arm Implant
Calendar Method
Pull-out Method
Consent
Genetics and
Development
Genetics and Heredity
Certain traits come from both parents (ex: eye color,
height)
Heredity- passing of physical traits from parents to
their children
Chromosomes- thread-like structures found in the
nucleus of a cell that carries the codes for inherited
traits
Genes- basic units of heredity.
Genetics and Heredity
Humans have 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs
Sex cells have 23 chromosomes
Ova-23 + Sperm-23= Zygote-46
Genes can be dominant or recessive
Females only have X chromosomes therefore egg cells
have only X chromosomes
Sperm cells contain either an X or Y chromosome,
therefore the sperm determines the gender
GENETIC DIFFERENCES
Genetic disorders are caused by defects in genes.
Common Genetic Disorders:
Sickle cell anemia: red blood cells have a sickle shape and
clump together
Tay-Sachs disease: destruction of the nervous system
Cystic Fibrosis: mucus clogs many organs
Genetic Testing
Amniocentesis- procedure in which some of the amnetoic fluid is
removed and tested for genetic disorders
Chronic villi sampling- another method used to test for genetic disorders
Gene therapy- process of inserting normal genes into human cells to
correct disorders
Child Development
Development Tasks- events that need to happen in order for a person to
continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult.
Birth to 12 months
Opens and closes hands
Associates sounds with objects
Imitates new word sounds
May walk a few steps
Experience the five basic emotions
Forms strong attachment to parents
Begins to smile
Wants companionship
Begins to experience stranger anxiety
Shows strong likes and dislikes
Child Development
Early Childhood (Ages 1-3)
Walks well
Picks up objects
Throws a ball overhand
Draws and recognizes pictures
Shows defiance and disagreement
Behaves affectionately
Wants to help
Begins to be bothered by fears
Desires approval
Bosses other children
Takes part in group activities
Child Development
Middle Childhood (Ages 4-6)
Dresses and Undresses
Eats with utensils
Becomes more independent
Eager to explore
Craves praise and approval
Begins forming friendships
Becomes more outgoing and talkative
Respects others’ belongings
May want to do things their way
Child Development
Late Childhood (Ages 7-12)
Puberty may begin
Sensitivity about body image
Snese of self
Becomes aware of dangers in the world
Deeper friendships develop
Relationships with parents change
Begins facing moral decisions
Peer pressure becomes stronger
Child Development
Autonomy- confidence that a person can control his or her own
body, impulses, and environment
Children need many different types of health screenings to make
sure they do not fall behind because of something that could slow
their development
Hearing
Vision
Scoliosis
Adolescence
During adolescence, you will learn to
Anticipate consequences of particular actions
Think logically
Understand different points of view
Accompishments in adolecense
Emotional and psychologial independence
Personal value system
Vocational goals
Control over behavior
Maturity
Young Adulthood (19-40)- Goal is to develop intimacy through close
relationships.
Middle Adulthood (40-65)- Goal is to develop a sense of
contributing to society
Late Adulthood (65+)- Goal is to feel satisfied with their life
Emotionally Mature people have:
Positive goals and values
The ability to face reality and deal with it
The capacity to learn from life experiences
TRANSITIONS
Transition- critical changes that occur at all stages of life.
Health concerns
Eyesight changes with age
Hearing may decrease
Muscles and joints may be affected
Bones become brittle
Teeth and gums may decay
Heart disease may occur
Cancer may occur
TRANSITIONS
Menopause- the end of ovulation and menstruation, ususally
between the ages of 45 and 55
Empty nest syndrome- feeling of sadness or loneliness that
accompany seeing children leave home and enter adulthood
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
Types of STDs/STIs
Bacterial
Viral
Protozoan
Bacterial STDs/STIs
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Treated with Antibiotics
Chlamydia
Female symptoms:
Can be asymptomatic
Lower abdominal pain, nausea, fever, bleeding before period, abnormal
discharge, burning when urinating, muscle ache, pain during intercourse
Male symptoms:
Can be asymptomatic
Penal discharge, burning while urinating, itching or burning around the penis
Untreated
Infertility
Pelvic Inflamatory Disease (PID) in women
Gonorrhea
Female symptoms:
Bleeding before period, increased discharge, burning when urinating
Male symptoms:
Can be asymptomatic
Penal discharge, burning while urinating, burning around the penis, painful or
swollen testicles
Untreated
Infertility, joint damage
Can be passed to offspring
Syphilis
Symptoms in males and females
Single sore on genitals, skin rash
If left untreated it can cause damage to internal organs.
PROTOZOAN
STDS/STIS
Trichomoniasis
Treated with Metronidazole
Both partners need to take the medicine at the same
time
TRICHOMONIASIS
Female symptoms
Thick gray or yellow discharge, odor, painful urination,
itching
Male symptoms
Can be asymptomatic
Temporary irritation inside penis, mild burning after
urination or ejaculation
If left untreated
Discomfort, premature babies (or baby having a low birth
weight), susceptibility to other STDs
Viral STDs/STIs
HPV/Genital Warts
Genital Herpes
HIV/AIDS
Managed with antivirals
HPV/ Genital Warts
Symptoms
Warts on genitals
White spots in mouth
If left untreated
Cervical Cancer
HPV vaccine
Genital Herpes
Herpes simplex 2 virus
Symptoms
Blisters around the genitals and flu like
symptoms
If left untreated
Life threatening to the fetus
HIV/AIDs
Human Immunodificiency Virus
Spread through bodily fluids
Blood, sexual fluids, umbilical cord
Attacks Helper T cells (a type of white blood cell)
Stages
Acute Infection (2-4 weeks) of infection
Flu like symptoms and a rash
Clinical Latency
Virus reproduces but person does not feel sick
AIDs
Less than 200 Helper T cells
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