Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
James Caldwell, DDS
;r
Published by Express Publishing
Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,
Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
email: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk
www.expresspublishing.co.uk
© Express Publishing, 2016
Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2016
Color Illustrations: Victor© Express Publishing, 2016
First published 2016
Made in EU
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.
This book is not meant to be changed in any way.
ISBN 978-1-4715-4669-3
Acknowledgements
Authors' Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing
this book. Thanks for their support and patience are due in particular to: Alex Newton (Editor in Chief);
Sean Todd (senior editor); Steve Miller (editorial assistant); Richard White (senior production controller);
the Express design team; Sweetspot (recording producers). We would also like to thank those institutions
and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the
production of the book.
Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been inadvertently
overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first
opportunity.
James Caldwell, DDS
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Express Publishing
Table of Contents
cope and Sequence
Topic
Unit
~Dentistry
Reading
context
Occupational
guide excerpt
I
2 I Specializations Webpage
3 The Dental
Practice
Advertisement
Unit 1 - Dentistry
4
Asking about
work experience
Unit 2 - Specializations .....................................................
6
endodontics, maxillofacial, orthodontics, pat~ology,
pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics,
radiology, referral, specialty, surgery
Asking for
information
Unit 3 - The Dental Practice
8
Unit 4- Dental Personnel ..................................................
10
lab, mechanical room, office, operatory, radiology room,
receptionist desk, recovery room, restroom, staff are~,.
sterilization room, storage room, treatment room, wa1t1ng
Describing
features
Vocabulary
Function
.
d en t"rs t , dentistry, diagnose, health, instruction,
advice,
license, oral, practice, professional
room
back office, dental assistant, dental hygienist, dental
therapist, financial coordinator, front office, lab technician,
office manager, receptionist, staff
Employee
profiles
5 Dental
Instruments
Webpage
bur, burnisher, chisel, curette, drill, elevator, excavator,
forceps, handpiece, mirror, plugger, probe, retractor,
syringe
6 The Mouth
Textbook
excerpt
Correcting
gums, hard palate, lower lip, mouth, oral cavity,
yourself
palatoglossal arch, soft palate, teeth, tongue, tonsil, upper
lip, uvula
7
Tooth Anatomy Poster
8 Types of Teeth
9 Personal
Protective
Equipment
Pamphlet
Guidelines
Unit 7 - Tooth Anatomy .......
Verifying
information
....................................
20
Unit 12 - Insurance and Fees
26
blood, contaminant, disposable, face shield, goggles,
infectious, PPE, reusable, saliva, surgical gloves, surgical
mask
Describing
requirements
Unit 13- Chairside Manner ................................................
28
Unit 14- Oral Health .......................................................
30
Unit 15 - Dental Cleanings .................................................
32
Glossary ...................................................................
34
Patient
Scheduling
appointment, business hours, cancel, date, evening, noshow, notice, reschedule, schedule, time, walk-in,
weekday, weekend
Giving a
reminder
12
Insurance and
Fees
Office policy
authorization, balance, cash, co-payment, cost, cover,
credit card, fee, financing, insurance, patient
responsibility, payment, payment plan, personal check
Stating total
amounts
13
Chairside
Manner
Article
care, communication, concern, explain, eye contact,
interrupt, listen, nonverbal, open-ended question,
reassurance, sympathize, verbal
Agreeing with
an opinion
accumulate, acid, bacteria, daily, floss, fluoride, hygiene,
mouthwash, sugar, toothbrush, toothpaste
Giving
advice
Textbook
excerpt
Unit 9 - Personal Protective Equipment
18
Describing
function
canine, chew, chop, crush, cut, grind, incisor, molar,
premolar, tear, wisdom tooth
11
Dental
Cleanings
Unit 8-Types of Teeth .....................................................
16
24
Asking for
clarification
15
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Unit 11 - Patient Scheduling ...............................................
air abrasion, CAD, CAM, clinical technology, computer,
digital X-ray, hardware, information technology, intraoral
camera, laser, software
Brochure
14
22
Expressing
intention
Dental Practice Article
Technology
14 Oral Health
12
Unit 10- Dental Practice Technology
blood vessel, bone, cementum, crown, dentin, enamel,
neck, nerve, periodontal ligament, pulp, root, root canal
10
Webpage
.
Unit 6 - The Mouth
Asking for
an opinion
Dental
Personnel
4
Unit 5- Dental Instruments
-
apply, buil_d up, clean, deposit, plaque, polish, prophylaxis , Asking about
prophylaxis paste, remove, scrape, spit, tartar
necessity
Dentistry
0 Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined
Get ready!
part.
0 Before you read the passage,
1 What does a dentistdo?
2 Why are dentistsimportant?
Dentists deal with the oral health of patients. Oral health includes the
teeth, gums, and other structures of mouth. Dentists diagnose and
treat related medical issues. They give instruction on tooth and gum
care. They offer advice on decisions impacting oral health.
e
t
s
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
The woman wanted to get a professionaldegree in the
medical study of the mouth and teeth.
1
talk about these questions.
Speaking
r
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
2 The dentist needed a special document giving her the right to
work in a certain field.
i e s
Can you tell me about ... ?
I worked as .
?
Do you have
3 The dentist gave the patient his opinion about what to do.
d i _e
4 The mouth and teeth can provide information about a patient's
physical condition.
e I h
0 " Listen and read the occupational guide excerpt
Student A: You are an interviewer.
Talkto Student B about:
•
relevantexperience
•
previous practice
•
license
again. Who else might a dentist work with?
_ _ "IJ',a
Dentists must earn a college
and
Professional
degree.
Theyaa/so
neect a license
from the state.
Dentists
may workThey
alone
or
share
a Practice.
offen
employ support staff.
f
Reading
f} Read the occupational guide excerpt.
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between an interviewer and
The dental industry is growing.
Jobs shoufd increase by 21 %
during the next decade. This is
in response to greater PUbfic
demand.
1
$ Fill in the blanks with the
correct words from the word bank.
C to explainthe importanceof licensing
BANK
~
dentist
1
C Dentistsare currentlyunderpaidfor their
2 The
A teach patientsaboutoral care
B diagnosemedicalissues
C practiceon supportstaff
D treat problemswith gums
4
oral
B Licensingrules for dentistsare the samein
moststates.
3 Whichof the followingdentistsdo NOT do?
Dentist:
'~
A Dentistsin grouppracticesare more
successful.
D Dentistsshouldhave an easy time finding
jobs.
Interviewer:
So why are you interested in 1
__________
D to instructpatientson oral healthcare
work.
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out the job posting for a dental
position.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
A to providedetailsabouta profession
2 Whatcan be inferred aboutdentists?
0 Use the excerpt and the
_ The dental practice is hiring support staff.
2 _ The man has six years of relevantexperience.
3 _ The man has the required license.
What is the purposeof the excerpt?
B to describerecentchangesin an industry
Writing
a dentist. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
Then, choose the correct answers.
1
Student B: You are a dentist.Talkto
StudentA aboutthe job opportunity.
iagnos
practice
instruction
professional
Interviewer:
The woman was working toward earning a
________
degree in dentistry.
Dentist:
examined the
patient'steeth and gums.
Interviewer:
3 Severaldentists worked together in a group
4 The dentist
with gum disease.
Dentist:
the patient
5 Regularteeth cleaning is vital to good
________
health.
6 The dentist provided
her patients on the correct way to floss.
Interviewer:
Dentist:
to
-
_
......:_
?
I heard you were looking for another 2
and I am an experienced dentist.
..,
_
We are. But we want someone 3
_
_____
. Can you tell me about your
background?
Well, I worked as an associate dentist for two years.
Then I had my own practice for four years.
Why did you 4
your practice?
My wife got transferred here from 5
Okay. Do you have a 6
this state?
I do.
Job Details:
_
Requirements:
_
Workplace:
_
for
Specializations
__________
-,'ii
Get ready!
0 Write a word that is similar in meaning to
0 Before you read the passage, talk
the underlined
about these questions.
1
1
2 What do patients do when dentists cannot meet their
_____
1
I
I
A to discuss the process of making referrals
B to inform patients about the dentists' services
C to offer biographical details about each dentist
I have a question about
__ e __ a __ y
Do you offer services in
A oral pathology
C endodontics
B oral surgery
D orthodontics
Come get the care
and attention you
deserve!
require services
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
1
_ The man does not specialize in pediatric
dentistry.
_ The woman's daughter needs braces.
C Because they do not perform root canals.
3
_
The woman needs a referral to a specialist in
Patient:
1
2
_ radiology
6 -
orthodontics
Dentist:
Okay.
Braces are available for adults and children.
3 _ pathology
7
prosthodontics
Patient:
4 _ endodontics
8 _
I have children, ages six and twelve. Do
you offer services in 2
_
pediatric dentistry
_____
Root canals
Email address:
?
A a branch of dentistry dealing with the health of gum tissue
Dentist:
f'1 0' 'T ~ ii'flC
B a branch of dentistry dealing with the irregularities and
correction of teeth
Yes. But, I don't work with children. I
specialize in 3
_
Patient:
Prosthetics for patients with maxillofacial
injuries. Dentures and dental implants are
available.
C a branch of dentistry dealing with the care of infants, toddlers,
and children
Okay. Well, I think my twelve-year-old
needs 4
_
Dentist:
I'm afraid no one here works in
5
_
Patient:
In your ad, I saw that you took care of
dental irregularities.
Dentist:
Yes, but in prosthodontics - dentures and
implants. No worries, though. I can make a
ir;t
Care for infants, toddlers, and young children.
D a branch of dentistry dealing with dental pulp
E a branch of dentistry dealing with missing teeth or tissue
F
Wisdom tooth extractions
Oral I maxillofacial pathology and radiology
services are unavailable. Referrals are available
for patients who require these services.
a branch of dentistry that uses manual and instrumental
techniques
G a branch of dentistry that interprets data and images for
diagnoses
H a branch of dentistry concerned with recognizing and
controllina disP.;:ic::i:,c::
an email request form.
_
'Ir · :nt onL1
.... :-r
Writing
I have a question about your
periodontics
Treatment for gingivitis and gum disease
information from an ad
conversation.
5 _
nn
•
8 " Listen again and complete the
_ surgery
'r!r ·,,c11
dental care for children
0 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out
1
Olnl{
•
prosthodontics.
D Because they do not have up-to-date equipment.
_
dental specialties and services
Student B: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A
about specializations and referrals.
patient and a dentist. Mark the following
statements as true (T1 or false (F).
2
(A-H).
•
Listening
B Because some services are unavailable.
Vocabulary
6) Match the words and phrases (1-8) with the definitions
In your ad, I saw that ...
about:
in
prosthodontics?
A Because they specialize in pediatric dentistry.
Denti:,ts:
Ors. Allen Westhoven,
·-Mary Engle-_Ba~Euni<: Kirn
?
Student A: You are a patient. Talk to Student B
0 " Listen and read the webpage again.
Which patients
.
_e_e __ a_
recommendation.
D to provide information about dental specialties
3 Why does Great Smiles offer referrals?
Our office is supplied with the most up­
to-date equipment. Our dentists have
years of experience in general dentistry.
They also offer expert knowledge in
various specialties:
particular medical field or practice.
What is the purpose of the webpage?
2 Which service is NOT available at Great Smiles?
Great
I
·
1
. Sm I e~
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
3 Ellen asked her primary care physical for a(n)
Q Read the webpage. Then, choose the correct answers.
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
i __
o
2 All doctors need residency training in 9
needs?
Reading
«!) With a partner, act out the roles below
part.
Frank needed surgery for an upper jaw injury.
What are some examples of specializations in dentistry?
Speaking
6
Patient:
_
I'd appreciate that. Thanks.
son,
_
Service Requested:
_
Age(s) of patient(s):
_
Questions I Comments:
_
The Dental Pract1c
Reading
Get ready!
Before you read the passage, talk about these
f) Read the advertisement. Then,
questions.
mark the following statements
as true (T) or false (F}.
1
1
What are the features of a dentist's office?
2 How can a dentist purchase a clinic?
1
Dr. Key built an additional stall in the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
_
is located in the front lobby.
3 Our supervisor installed a vending machine in the
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
2 _ Employees can access the
staff area from the lab.
4 Dr. Fishkin's
3 _ The doctor is prepared to
negotiate the price.
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases
(1-8) with the definitions (A-H).
1 _ operatory
2 _ storage room
3
_
waiting room
4 _ radiology room
5 _ recovery room
6 - treatment room
7 -
mechanical room
8
sterilization room
A a space where surgical
instruments are cleaned
B a space where medical supplies
are kept
C a unit where patients recover
from anesthesia
equipment and heating devices
are kept
E a dark room where medical
professionals use imaging
technologies
F a medical professional's work
space
G a space in which people wait to
of his home.
It's located ...
5 Researchers need an access code to enter the
It's supplied with ...
0 " Listen and read the advertisement again. What is
professionals provide care to
patients
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
located in the basement?
•
a clinic that is up for sale
Listening
•
the location of the clinic
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
•
the features of the clinic
real estate agent. Choose the correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the conversation?
Student B: You are a real estate
A to explain why a practice is for sale
agent. Talk to Student A about the
price and features of a dental
B to give the clinic's location
C to discuss a practice for sale
clinic.
D to list a clinic's technology
Writing
2 What will the woman likely do next?
0 Use the conversation from
A Call Dr. Chu.
Task 8 to fill out the real estate
advertisement.
B Ask about the location.
C Call the real estate agent back.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist:
Hello. I'm calling about a 1
-
that's up
~,~
Which 2
Dentist:
The one in Verona listed for $165,000.
Agent:
Dr. Chu's office. He's 3
c:11 iu
LH;ensea
*c
REAL ESTATE
Name:
Agent:
_
are you referring to?
Phone Number:
, so he'd like to sell
the property soon.
Dentist:
Okay. Could you tell me more about the location?
Agent:
Sure. It's located downtown in a 4
____
building.
Features:
?
Agent:
Absolutely. It's supplied with the latest technology and
_
Great. I'll discuss it with my partners. Then, I'll give you a
•
,
.--,
Email Address: ------Location ot the Property: _
.. "' . ~- -...,r,,....,~. -
i----~ BY
:The suite
,Bedroom!
•dresser
Fully eqU
• bathroorr
!
I
Is it 5
6
11
_
Dentist:
call back.
v,:;;1 u111::u
inits
for sale.
Dentist:
HU
2 bed/2 b
home inspector. Call Now for 280$ condo com
charming Ii
Now o\ny
uu y,:;;1,
D Discuss the property with her partners.
be served
H a space in which medical
Could you tell me more
about ... ?
is located in the basement
D a space where electrical
Beautiful, modern, well-established office. Located on the second floor
of a new building. Two operatories supplied with new chairs. Spacious
waiting room with a large reception desk. One fully-equipped
restroom. Also includes a small lab. Staff area is accessible from the
lab. Comes with a radiology room and a sterilization room. Two
spare rooms are available. Enough space for a treatment room or
recovery room. Storage room and mechanical room are in the
basement. The doctor is relocating. She would like an immediate
transfer of ownership. Asking price: $150,000. Willing to negotiate.
Please email kayrobson34@gomail.com. Or call Dr. Kay Robson at
(973) 342-3634.
0 With a partner, act out the
restroom, reception desk, office, staff area.
2 The
_ The office has a spacious lab.
Speaking
0 Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases: lab,
•
1 ._ - - - - .
REN01
This gre
finished t
new oair
:,--------------------------------------------=-----------
Emrmlov,ee Profiles
Meet the staff at Briton Street Dentistry. Our front
0 With a partner, act out the
phrases.
1
office staff includes:
The dentist was so busy she needed to hire more staffI back
office.
Jessica Parisi - Receptionist
Luke Criswell - OfficeManager
Johanna Volpe - FinancialCoordinator
Our backofficestaff includes:
Speaking
0 Read the sentences and choose the correct words or
2 The office manager enjoyed having a lab technicianI front
office job.
-o
Dr. James Fitz, DDS - Dentist
Mike Chan - DentalTherapist
Chrissie Wick - Lab Technician
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Do you think ... ?
3 The financialcoordinatorI dental hygienistmade sure that
So we'll ...
the patient had no oral diseases.
~~
<-:»
Q"Ce,
j \
4 The receptionistI dentaltherapistanswered the phone and
Tiffany Duarte - DentalHygienist
I just joined Briton Street Dentistry. I work closely with
Dr. Fitz. I handle teeth cleanings.
I look forward to meeting each patient.
Chad Holmes - DentalAssistant
I have five years' experience. My job involves assisting
the dentist. I am excited about this new opportunity.
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk
0 " Listen and read the employee profiles again. How
to Student B about:
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between two dentists.
Choose the correct answers.
1
2
1
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
1
Who works in a dental office?
B The~~~~~~~~~~~
2 backofficeI dentalassistant
Reading
1
_ A receptionist is a back office position.
2 _ The practice has recently employed a dental
hygienist.
3 _ The dental assistant has experience doing
the job.
10
8 consult the office manager
C talk to the back office staff
Now Hiring
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
job.
B The~~~~~~~~~~~
Briton Street Dentistry is now hiring for
the following positions:
Dentist 1: Our dental practice has been growing so fast.
Dentist2: Maybe.
A The lab technician had a
9 Read the employee profiles.Then, mark the
following statements as true m or false (F).
A advertise the job openings
has been great.
Dentist 1: Do you think we need to 2
_____
?
2 Which job sounds most appealing to you? Why?
finances
Task 8 to fill out a job
advertisement for open
positions at the dental
practice.
What will the speakers most likely do next?
Dentist2: Yes. 1
examined the sample.
•
0 Use the conversation from
D move the practice elsewhere
often work
in places where it is hard to get a full-time
dentist.
staff
Writing
lab techniciansI dentaltherapists
A
•
Talk to Student A about the staff.
D to compare methods of advertising a job
Get ready!
business success
A to discuss ways to grow the business
C to decide whether to increase the staff
phrase best fits each blank.
•
StudentB: You are a dentist.
What is the purpose of the conversation?
B to give the office manager a salary raise
Vocabulary
E) Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
Let's talk ...
scheduled appointments.
does the dental assistant feel about his new job?
We recently hired two new staff members.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
Our
_____
Dentist 1: Yes, we
_
This is a
back office staff is 3
keeping up with everything.
_
4
_
really
do
need
another
position.
_
Duties include
prepared the room for the next patient.
3 officemanagerI financialcoordinator
A The~~~~~~~~~~~­
wanted the staff to be as productive as
possible.
B The~~~~~~~~~~~~~
followed up on unpaid bills.
Dentist2: And possibly a 5
dental
hygienist.
This is a
position.
Duties include
Dentist 1: That's a good idea. So we'll advertise for those two
positions.
Dentist2: Let's talk to the office manager first. We need to make
sure we can 6
_
Dentist 1: Of course.
1
Dental Instruments
Reading
f) Read the webpage. Then, choose the
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
1
1 What is similar about dental mirrors and burs?
What are some usefultools for dentists?
2 What are the functions of these tools?
0 With a partner, act out the
excavator, burnisher, chisel.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
correct answers.
these questions.
1
Speaking
O Fill in the blanks with the correct words: drill, probe, bur,
A They both come in different shapes.
~~
to make the
hand piece.
I'd like to ...
Do you have an account with us?
enamel from the tooth.
D They both come in various sizes.
We'll send them. ..
was used to remove the soft
4 A(n)
2 Which of the following does NOT come in
tissue and decay.
different sizes?
"
to separate the
3 Dr. Robinson used a(n)
C They are the same price.
L
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
was fitted into the
2 An egg-shaped
B They both come in packs of six.
Den ti-Quick
The dentist used the
surface smooth.
A C probes
C excavators
B retractors
D elevators
to feel around in
5 The dentist used the
Student A: You are a customer.
Talk to Student B about:
the patient's mouth.
6
Many patients
hate the sound and the vibrations
of the
3 What can be inferred about the forceps?
A Dentists need several different types.
. . 1.-
0 " Listen and read the webpage again. Which tools
B They are cheaper when buying several
together.
come in different sizes, and which tools are double­
D They are available in packs of 6.
Listening
Vocabulary
Q Match the words (1-8) with the definitions
true
(A-H).
5
curette
1
2 _ handpiece
6 _
plugger
2 _ The woman buys twelve probes.
3 4
retractor
7
mirror
3 _ The company will send the tools today.
elevator
8 _ forceps
1
Dental mirrors - simple stem. $7 or $22.50 for pack of six
C probes - single-ended. $8.
Retractors-sharp points $47.00; blunt points $44.
Two sizes available
Aspirating syringe, type cw - 1.8cc. $14.50
Burs - 6 pack. Rounded or Egg-shaped. Various sizes.
From $20.00
m or false (F).
_ syringe
---
-
A a tool for extracting teeth
what you want to order
Task 8 to fill out the customer's
order.
/
B a tool for making holes in teeth
Double-ended excavators. Various sizes.
$8 each or $7 for orders over 12.
D a tool for plugging nerve canals after the nerve is
extracted
Supplier:
Double-ended burnishers: No 21122 and 27/29.
$10 each
E a tool for cleaning between the teeth and under
Pluggers - double-ended, round tips. $9
F a tool for loosening or separating teeth
Stainless steel curettes - double-ended $9
G a tool fitted with a needle to push liquid into the
Customer:
Order Form
Hi, I'd like to order some 1
_
_____
please. I need them for tomorrow.
Sure. Do you have 2
L
Den ti-Quick
with us?
Yes, it's Garden Practice, Lakeland. Account number
Customer:
Account Number: --------
241.
the gum line
Supplier:
body
H a tool that pulls part of the mouth away to
improve access
)
(retractor
l
Customer:
Okay, So, what do 3
Twelve excavators and three 4
Supplier:
Three probes, 5
Customer:
Yes, that's right.
Supplier:
No problem. We'll 6
you today.
?
Order: -----------
please.
?
out to
Notes: -----------
I
I
I
Stainless steel chisel- 7 inch $15.50
Dental handpieces (drills)
Various speeds and sizes. Click •
•
0 Use the conversation from
as
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Customer:
Elevators -various sizes-$12
statements
when you need the tools
_ The woman's account number is 39AT7.
C a tool that helps dentists see inside the mouth
Extraction forceps - different models for molars,
incisors and anteriors $25
Mark the following
•
Writing
0 " Listen to a conversation between a customer and a
sales representative.
your account number
Student B: You are a supplier. Talk
to Student A about his or her
order.
ended?
C They are made of stainless steel.
•
to see our range.
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1
The Mouth
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
Q With a partner, act out the
hard palate I soft palate
1 Whatare somedifferentparts of the mouth?
A The
is at the front of the mouth.
2 Whatare the functions of these parts?
B The
is at the back of the mouth.
A The
1
Whatis the main purposeof the excerpt?
A to comparehardstructuresand soft
structures
is usedfor breathingand
eating.
B The
cavity.
the correct answers.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
So, can you tell me ... ?
2 palatoglossal arch I mouth
Reading
f} Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose
Speaking
I meant to say ...
What is the function of ... ?
lies at the back of the oral
Student A: You are a professor.
Talk to Student B about:
3 upper lip I lower lip
B to explainhow to keepthe mouth healthy
C to describedifferentparts of the mouth
A The
mouth.
is above the entrance to the
•
about hard and soft
structuresof the mouth
B The
mouth.
is below the entranceto the
•
wherethese structuresare
located in the mouth
•
what the structuresare for
D to explainthe function of the uvula
2 Whichof the following is NOTa soft structure?
A the uvula
C the gums
B thejaw
D thetongue
0 " Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. What is
the role of the uvula when eating?
Student B: You are a dental
student. Talk to StudentA about
parts of the mouth.
Listening
3 Where are the tonsils?
A hangingfrom the soft palate
B outsidethe oral cavity
0 g Listen to a conversation between a professor and a
C attachedto the gums
dental student. Mark the following statements as true (T1
or false (F).
D behindthe palatoglossalarch
1
(A-H).
1
The Mouth
Chapter 1
The mouth is important for speech and breathing.
It is also necessary for eating and digestion.The mouth
includessoft tissuessuch as the tongue, soft palate
and gums. It also containshard structuresincludingthe
teeth, hard palate and jaw bones. Structuresoutside
the oral cavity include the upper lip and the lower lip.
These closethe oral cavitywhen theyrest together.
At the backof the mouth is the uvula. It hangs fromthe
soft palate. The uvula prevents food or liquid from
passinginto the nasal cavity. The tonsils lie on either
side of the mouth beyond the palatoglossal arch.
These are partof the immunesystem.
1
_ gums
tonsils
3
7
teeth
- uvula
4 _ lowerlip
Parts of the Mouth
1 . (3 points) Name three soft structures
in the mouth:
5 _ oral cavity
6 -
8 _ soft palate
A an organthat allows us to taste food
B a soft tissue coveringthe base of teeth and jaw
C tissuesthat form part of the immunesystem
D hard structuresfor biting and chewing
E a hangingtissuethat stops food entering the
nose
F anothernamefor the mouth
G soft tissuethat comprisesone third of the roof
of the mouth
F soft pink tissue at the front of the mouth near
the chin
Task 8 to fill out the test.
•
3 _ The man knows the function of the gums.
f) " Listen again and complete the conversation.
2 _ tongue
0 Use the conversation from
_ The woman is asking about hard structures in the mouth.
2 _ The man makes a mistake.
Vocabulary
E) Match the words (1-8) with the definitions
Writing
Professor: So, Peter, can you tell me three soft structures
in the mouth?
Student: Let me see ... well, the 1
is soft.
Professor: That's right. And can you 2
two more?
Student: The 3
_
and the jaw.
Professor: The jaw? No, that's not a 4
_
Student: Did I say jaw? I meant to say the gums.
Professor: That's right. And what is the function of the
5
?
Student: They surroundthe teeth and cover 6
_____
that hold the teeth in place.
2. {3 points) What is the function of
ONE of these structures?
----------------
--------
_
1
Tooth Anatomy
0 Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined
1
part.
Q With a partner, act out the
The dentist examined the part between the crown and root of
the tooth.
_e_k
2 The disease affected the part of the tooth extending below the
gumline.
r_o
3 The soft. living tissue inside the tooth is sensitive because it
contains nerves.
_u_p
4 The patient had chipped off a piece of the hard. white. exterior
part of the tooth.
A tooth is made up of many
parts. Some parts are easy to see.
The crown is visible. It sits above the
gumline. It is protected by white enamel.
The root connects to the bone. The roots are
covered in a hard substance called cementum.
The periodontal ligament keeps the tooth
in place by securing it to the bone.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Do you know ... ?
How bad ... ?
I'm going to ...
_n_m_I
5 The tissue keeping the teeth firmly attached to the bone is
very important.
_ e r __ d _ n _ a_
I_g_m_n_
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
0 " Listen and read the poster again. What is below the
gumline of a tooth?
Then there are the parts you cannot see. Dentin lies
underneath the enamel. Inside that is the root canal.
It is a space filled with pulp. Nerves and blood vessels
run through the pulp. Below the gumline is the tooth's
root. The crown and root meet at the neck.
Speaking
Listening
•
his or her tooth
•
the problem with the tooth
•
action to be taken
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
to Student A about your tooth.
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
patient. Choose the correct answers.
1
What is the conversation mostly about?
Writing
A a tooth that is in bad condition
0 Use the conversation from
B the different parts of the tooth
Task 8 to fill out the dentist's
notes on a patient.
C the need for root canal surgery
D the effect of bacteria on teeth
Vocabulary
f) Match the words (1-8) with the definitions
(A-H).
1
-
blood vessel
Get ready!
2 - bone
3 _ cementum
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
4 -
these questions.
1
What parts of a tooth can you easily see?
2 What parts of a tooth are not visible?
crown
5 - dentin
6 _ nerve
7
-
8 _ periodontal ligament
A a set of narrow spaces inside the root of the
6
C check the dentin
B replace the enamel
D take some X-rays
B the layer of living cells under the enamel
D one of the hard parts that form a frame inside
the body
f) Read the poster. Then, mark the following
E the visible section of the tooth above the
gumline
_ Dentin is located in the gums.
F a layer of hard substance that covers the root
2 _ Nerves go through the jaw bone.
G a body part that looks like a thread and carries
3 _ A tooth's root is under the gums.
messages between the brain and the body
H connective tissue that anchors the tooth to the
jawbone
Dental Notes
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist:
Patient:
I need to talk to you about your sore tooth.
Do you know what's 1
_____
tooth
Reading
1
A remove the sore tooth
root canal
C a tube that moves blood around the body
statements as true (T) or false (F).
2 What will the woman most likely do next?
Patient Name:
_
Tooth Health:
_
Actions to Take:
_
_
?
Dentist:
I do. It's in poor condition. You have some 2
_
Patient:
How bad is that?
Dentist:
Well, some of the dentin is 3
Patient:
Oh, that's not good.
Dentist:
4
. I'm going to take some
X-rays. That's to check for bacteria in the root canal.
Patient:
And if there's no 5
Dentist:
Then I 6 __
_
... ?
with the
exposed dentin.
1
Types of Teet
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about these
0 Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases from
the word bank.
0 With a partner, act out the
questions.
1
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
What types of teeth do you have in your mouth?
2 Why is it important to have different types of teeth?
canines
incisors
molar
wisdom teeth
Reading
1
f) Read the pamphlet. Then, choose the correct
2 There are four sharp tipped
human mouth.
answers.
1
What is the purpose of the pamphlet?
A to describe teeth of animals
B to describe human teeth
The
premolars
Do you have ... ?
I want to know .
in the
Their function is .
3 The
and the molars.
are located between the canines
4 The
include the two larger front teeth.
, which made it
D to describe parts of the mouth
2 Which of the following can be taken out without being
replaced?
There are eight incisors. They are at the front
of the mouth. They are flat but sharp. Their job
is to cut and chop food.
B canines
D wisdom teeth
3 According to the text, what can be said about the
function of teeth?
A They are only used for specific purposes.
Next are the four canine teeth. They are
pointed. Theirjob is to tear food.
Next are the eight premolars.They are larger
and have ridges. Theirjob is to crush and
grind food.
B They make food smaller so it can be swallowed.
child patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1
or false (F).
D They crush up food to make it small.
2 _ The girl already knows the function of the canines.
fits each blank.
crush/cut
A We need premolars in order to
our food.
food into several
pieces.
chop I grind
A Th
e molars
swallow it.
•
their correct names
•
their functions
Writing
0 Use the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the
information sheet on teeth.
_ The girl asks about the names of her teeth.
I - --- ---
0 g Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist:
Do you have 1
the food so that you can
B The teeth are used to
Patient:
Yes. I want to know what my teeth do.
Well, there are several different kinds of teeth. Your
2
_
·. are called incisors.
Patient:
What do they do?
Dentist:
Their function is to cut and chop your food. The sharp
teeth 3
are the
canines.
food into lots of
smaller pieces.
.
Patient:
3 tear I chew
A You should thoroughly ______
before swallowing.
B Humans use their canines to
food.
Types of teeth:
?
Dentist:
.
2
different types of teeth
3 _ The man shares information about the incisors, premolars
and molars.
B T~e human incisors
There are four wisdom
teeth. They grow in
when you are older.
They are removed if
they are causing
overcrowding in the
mouth.
Listening
0 g Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
1
Vocabulary
1
•
Student B: You are a child patient.
Talk to Student A about your teeth.
C They are used to tear up food quickly.
9 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best
Then come the eight molars. The tongue
moves food you chew backward. The molars
then grind the food. After that, you can
swallow.
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
0 g Listen and read the pamphlet again. What is the
function of the molars?
C premolars
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
are the last teeth to grow in.
5 The patient lost a
harder to grind food.
C to describe types of teeth
A molars
Speaking
I know about those. They 4
right?
your f oo d
apart
Dentist:
Correct. 5
premolars then the molars.
you have the
Patient:
Dentist:
Do they have a 6
Yes. They grind your food.
?
Jobs:
_
Personal Protective Equipmen
Reading
f) Read the guidelines. Then, mark the
0 " Listen and read the guidelines again.
With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
following statements as true [T] or false (F).
Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
1
What are some examples
of PPE for a dental
clinic's staff?
_ PPE protects staff from contaminants.
2 _ Goggles are disposable.
3
Medical professionals first need to remove
gloves, then masks.
2 Why do dentists require PPE?
Speaking
What PPE can be worn more than once?
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between two
dental hygienists.
answers.
Choose the correct
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
All hygienists are required to wear ...
Sometimes, you'll need ...
What if they are ... ?
1
Which of the following items are NOT reusable?
Vocabulary
A goggles
C surgical masks
E) Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the
B face shields
D receptacles
definitions (A-F).
Student A: You are a dental hygienist. Talk to
Student B about:
2 Which items are placed in a receptacle for
hazardous materials?
_ PPE
4 _
surgical mask
2 _ goggles
5 _
surgical gloves
A surgical masks
C stained goggles
3
6
saliva
B surgical gloves
D saliva
1
face shield
•
PPE requirements
•
disposable and reusable items
•
where to place contaminated reusable items
A a device used to protect the wearer's face
B clothing and equipment worn for protection
against contaminants
Student B: You are a dental hygienist. Talk to
Student A about rules regarding PPE.
8 " Listen again and complete the
conversation.
C protective glasses used to protect the wearer
from debris
D a partial covering for the face that is worn to
catch bacteria
E disposable latex gloves worn during medical
examinations and procedures
Hygienist 1:
Let's go over the 1
requirements.
Hygienist 2:
Sure.
Hygienist 1:
All hygienists are required to wear
surgical masks and gloves.
Sometimes, you'll need goggles or
F watery liquid in the mouth
_
Writing
0 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out
the pop quiz.
Quiz:
2~~~~--~-~The selection of PPE depends on medical hazards.
Contact with blood and/or saliva requires PPE.
In dental clinics, primary PPE is as follows:
• Disposable surgical gloves
• Disposable Surgical masks
• Goggles
• Face shields
These items protect medical staff from contaminants.
Dentists and hygienists are at risk for infectious
diseases. To prevent further contamination, properly
dispose of PPE.
The following provides the procedure for the removal of
PPE:
• First, remove surgical gloves
• Next, remove face shields/goggles
• Finally, remove surgical masks
Place goggles and face shields in dispensers. They are
reusable.
Be sure to wash your hands immediatelyafterwards. Use
antibacterial soap and warm water. Latherhands and rub
for one minute. Then, rinse.
()
Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
word best fits each blank.
1
Every time we're in contact with a
patient?
Name:
Hygienist 1:
Not if you're just talking to them. But
you need them while you're working.
Date:
reusable I disposable
A The doctor kept a box of
________
gloves on the
countertop.
B Gowns are
to be washed regularly.
Hygienist 2:
3 infectious I contaminant
A Mucus is an example of a(n)
B Washing hands regularly reduces the risk of
--------
diseases.
?
1. Which types of PPE are disposable?
Hygienist 1:
Yes. Goggles and face shields, however,
are4
_
Hygienist 2:
What if they get blood or
5
on them?
Hygienist 1:
Just place them in the receptacle
marked 'hazardous materials'. Then,
2 blood I saliva
B Needles require special disposal due to
contact with
_
Oh, okay. Are surgical masks
3
, but need
A The hygienist placed a tube into my mouth
to suck out
_
PPE Requirements
Hygienist 2:
6
2. Which types of PPE are reusable?
_
3. Where do you place reusable items that are
contaminated with blood or saliva?
Dental Practice Technology
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114
SI O
•
t h I
11s information ec no ogy
Get ready'
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
,mo
these questions.
2
How is informationtechnology
used in dental practices?
1
_
B A CPU board is an essential piece of computer
Reading
f) Read the article. Then, choose the correct
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I was surprised by .
2 clinical technology I information technology
answers.
1
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
software I hardware
A Josh needed to update his
ends crap
A
What is the main purpose of the article?
Do you mean the
is frequently used at
B Jobs in
B to describe a dentist's computer
I also liked that ...
often pay very
Student A: You are a patient. Talk
to Student B about the uses of
clinical technologies.
well.
C to describe a dentist's procedure
2 What has been replaced by new technology?
0 " Listen and read the article again. How is CAD
technology used in dental offices?
Student B: You are a receptionist.
Talk to Student A about:
A the computer stations
B the monitors and screens
Listening
•
clinical technologies
C the drills and burs
0 " Listen to a conversation between a receptionist and a
•
an example of CAD
technology
•
alternatives to traditional
drilling
D the cameras
3 What can be inferred about the dentist's office?
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T) or
false (F).
A It's up-to-date.
C It's opening soon.
1
B It's been restored.
D It's easy to find.
2 _ The man saw an image of his crown on an intraoral
camera.
Writing
3 _ The dental office switched back to traditional drilling.
0 Use the conversation from
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases (1-7) with the
definitions (A-G).
1
?
most dental practices.
A to describe a dentist's office
D to describe a dentist's methods
Speaking
9 With a partner, act out the
best fits each blank.
(software)
endlrne
What are some examples of devices
used in clinical technology?
O Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
-
laser
5
2 3 -
CAD
6 _ X-ray
CAM
7
-
-
air abrasion
intraoral camera
_ An intraoral camera was used during the man's exam.
Task 8 to fill out the patient
feedback form.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Patient:
Receptionist:
Patient
Feedback Form
I was surprised by all the new technology
used during 1
_
Oh yes. Dr. Kelly uses all the latest 2
_
4 _ computer
A a device that generates a narrow, intense beam
of light energy
B a wand-like instrument that projects a magnified
Patient:
Receptionist:
Patient:
image onto a screen
C an air compression device that delivers tiny
particles of aluminum dioxide
Lasers and air abrasion are used as alternatives to
traditional drilling. In addition, CAD and CAM programs
help with dental restorations.
"Information technology and clinical technology are
essential," says Dr. Kelly. "Every bit of hardware is put
to good use. These days, it's far easier to treat
patients, thanks to new technology."
D the use of computer software to control
machine tools and related machinery
E a picture that is taken by placing a sensor over
a tooth
F the use of computer systems to help with
creation, revision, or analysis
G a programmable electronic device used to
manage data
Receptionist:
Patient:
Like that camera that was used during my exam.
That's example of 4
Reason for your visit:
_
Comments:
_
_
I also liked that there were some alternatives to
5
Receptionist:
?
Do you mean the 3
Yes. Dr. Kelly also showed me a detailed image of
how my new crown will look.
_
Yes, we switched to laser drilling and 6
_____
a few years ago.
_
Patient Scheduling
Reading
et ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
1
Why do dental patients often need to make an
appointment?
2 Why do some businesseshave cancellation
policies?
What is the practice's cancellation
following statements as true (T1 or false
these questions.
1
0 g Listen and read the webpage again.
f} Read the webpage. Then, mark the
_ The dental practice is open all week.
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
Listening
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
How can I ... ?
receptionist and a patient. Choose the
correct answers.
3 _ Patients who do not show up for an
appointment are penalized.
1
I want to schedule ...
I just want to remind you ...
What is the purpose of the conversation?
A to reschedule an existing appointment
Vocabulary
Q Read the sentences and choose the correct
words.
2
Q With a partner, act out the roles below
(F).
2 _ Patients can ask for appointments outside
of regular business hours.
1
Speaking
policy?
Student A: You are a receptionist. Talk to
Student B about:
B to schedule a new appointment
C to discuss the practice's opening times
D to explain the cancellation policy
The dentist didn't accept walk-ins so the
patient had to schedule I cancel an
2 What will the man most likely do next?
appointment.
A tell the woman the practice's business hours
The patient asked for her root canal date I
appointment to be in the afternoon.
B explain the current schedule to the woman
C put the woman's appointment in the calendar
3 The practice was open during usual business
hours I walk-ins and also on Saturday
mornings.
4 The dentist only accepted emergency patients
on the weekend I notice.
5 The receptionist waited for the patient to arrive
but he was a weekday I no-show.
6 The receptionist offered the patient several
possible appointment evenings I times.
•
the appointment
•
the day and time
•
the cancellation policy
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A
about your availability.
D cancel the woman's previous appointment
0 g Listen again and complete the
Writing
0 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out
conversation.
the appointment
Receptionist:
____
Patient:
card.
Morebal Dental. John speaking.
How can I 1
_
?
Hi. I'm a 2
_
And I want to schedule an appointment.
Receptionist:
C, Fill in the blanks with the correct words:
cancel, date, evening, notice, rescheduled,
walk-ins, weekday.
Our business hours are from 9 a.m.
until 6 p.m.
We are open every weekday except
Wednesday.Evening and weekend
appointments are available upon
request.
To schedule an appointment, please
call 555-501-5521. Our receptionists
will be happy to help you.
We are usually unable to accept
walk-ins.
Call to reschedule an appointment
date or time.
We will do our best to accommodate
you. We require twenty-four hours
notice to cancel appointments.
We also charge a fee for no-shows.
24
1
12
Patient:
Receptionist:
The patient wasn't able to make his Thursday
appointment so he
it.
_
3 The practice set Friday afternoons
--------,
aside for
5
Receptionist:
Good. I just want to remind you of our
6
Patient:
I understand.
Date:
Day:
Time:
if they want to cancel.
Cancellation Policy:
6 The dentist offered appointments until 8 p.m.
7 The woman called to
_
We need twenty-four hours notice for
cancellations.
-------~
one
_
?
Yes, that would be great. 1'115
_
__________
of it now.
or emergencies.
Patients have to give twenty-four hours
--------
Let's see ... Would 10 a.m. on Monday
Patient:
4 The practice was open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
each
_
in mind?
I could do any weekday before noon.
4
_____
2 The patient asked for an appointment on a
specific
Okay. Do you have any 3
_____
per week.
her
appointment because her toothache was gone.
_
Insurance ana i-ee:,
Get ready!
O Beforeyou read the passage, talk about these questions.
O Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
1
How does dental insurance work?
2 What are your options if you cannot pay for your dental treatment
immediately?
0 With a partner, act out the
The patient paid with a small. rectangular card that lets people
buy things now and pay for them later.
r_d_t
c r
2 The patient talked to the financial coordinator about setting up
9 Read the office policy. Then, choose the correct answers.
What is the purpose of the office policy?
o
B to compare different payment plans
C to give advice on personal finances
D to explain the rules about payment
5
A cash
C payment plans
B insurance
D financing
3 What happens if insurance does not cover all the services
_a_h
StudentA: You are a financial
The amount of money that a person needs to give is due
immediately after a patient's appointment.
_a_ m _ n
coordinator. Talk to Student B
about:
6 The receptionist told the patient the amount of money still
owed after part of the cost was paid.
2 Which of the following is NOT a delayed form of payment?
_a_ a_ c _
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between a financial
The following information outlines our
financial policy.
Pleaseprovide full insurance
information before treatment. We need
authorization to accept insurance
paymentsdirectly. Co-payments
are
due immediately following
appointments. We can help you to
process your claim. Your insurance may
not coversome services. In such cases,
costs are the patient's responsibility.
We offer financing to patients without
insurance. Talk to our financial
coordinator about payment plans.
We take cash and personal checks.
We also accept most major credit cards.
Unpaid balancesare subject to interest
and fees.
1
-
authorization
5 _ financing
2 _ co-payment
6
3
cost
7 _ patient responsibility
fee
8 _ personal check
4
-
insurance
bills, and ensure their payment
B the act of granting official permission to do something
C a quantity of money that you pay a professional person
D a printed piece of paper from an individual, who writes an amount
of money on it, signs it then uses it as payment
E the act of lending someone a lump sum of money that they are
expected to regularly repay, with interest
F the amount of money an insured person pays for medical services
G an agreement with a company where you make ongoing payments
in exchange for them covering medical costs
receiving products or services
payment options
conversation from Task 8 to
complete the past due notice.
2 _ The man pays using a credit card.
3 _ The woman provides information about payment plans.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Coordinator: You have an 1
on
Patient: I know. I thought my insurance was going to cover
2
. How
much do I owe?
Coordinator: 3
Patient: I can 4
• Outstanding balance:
• Action required:
amount is $650.
_
today, but not for the full amount. Do you offer
payment plans?
• Payment plan option:
Coordinator: We do. First let's process your payment.
Patient: Okay. Please 5
$200 to my credit card.
Coordinator: Okay. Here is a brochure about our payment plan.
Go ahead and 6
_
H the quantity of money that you have to pay in exchange for
26
•
0 Use the office policy and
_ The man pays the full balance.
your account.
A a patient's duty to be in charge of something, such as medical
making a payment
Writing
coordinator and a patient. Mark the following
statements as true (T1 or false (F).
1
Vocabulary
6) Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the definitions (A-H).
•
to Student A about your unpaid
balance.
B The patient's co-payment is usually refunded.
D The patient has to pay the outstanding balance.
the debt
StudentB: You are a patient. Talk
payment does the clinic accept?
A The insurance company charges the patient fees.
C The patient authorizes the insurance company.
•
0 " Listen and read the office policy again. What forms of
provided?
We appreciate the opportunity to care
for you.
The total amout is ...
e
4 The receptionist gave the patient her change in bills and coins.
A to describe the role of insurance
Dear Patient,
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
How much do I ... ?
3 The patient was not sure if her insurance would agree to pay
the cost of cosmetic dental work.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
You have an unpaid ...
a fixed schedule for repaying debt.
p __ me_t
_la
Reading
Speaking
Patient: Thanks.
• How to pay:
Chairside Manner
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
f} Read the article. Then, choose the correct
answers.
1
What is a chairside manner?
2
O Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases:
Reading
What is the purpose of the article?
Try and maintain
establish a connection.
A to analyze nonverbal body language
Why is it important to have a good chairside
B to explain common patient concerns
manner?
Other patients are reluctant to talk and you may need to look
for
cues.
Which of the following should dentists NOT do?
4
Patients like to know what is going on so be sure to
_________
each step of a procedure.
5
Often, scared patients just need some
_________
that the procedure will not hurt.
6
Using
more information with you.
D offer reassurance
nonverbal cues.
B The dental profession is known for being
unsympathetic.
C Customized examinations are generally not
useful.
D Some dentists need to work on
communication.
dentist do patients want to see?
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between two dentists. Mark
the following
statements
as true (T1 or false (F).
3 _ The man thinks that patient care suffers when dentists
rush.
A When you
a patient,
it sends a message that you do not value
what they say.
B When patients share something personal,
often they just want you to
________
with them.
2
Dentist 1:
you
3
about their well being.
her comment
•
the importance of
communication
It's nice to be 1
Dentist 1:
Apparently, her previous dentist kept interrupting her. She
couldn't 2
_
Dentist 1:
Writing
Dentist's Name:
Dentist 2:
_
4
_
Dentist 2: Too many dentists are in a rush. Patients 5
__________
that.
Dentist 1:
Very true.
A While dental abilities are vital, so too are
good
skills.
Dentist 2:
I like to 6
my patients to know that I care.
Review:
_
Conclusion:
_
is vital.
I agree. If you don't listen to your patients, you can't
concerns I communication
B Asking open-ended questions can encourage
a patient to share
_
•
,.~c¥t~7r-1:11.
Reviews Online
I had a new patient today. She gave me a
compliment on my chairside manner.
Dentist 2: That's too bad. 3
B Simple actions can let a patient know that
your patient
Task 8 to fill out the patient's
online review of a dentist.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
care I listen
A If you
to a patient's concerns
you can customize your examination.
•
0 Use the conversation from
_ The woman received a compliment.
E) Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
interrupt I sympathize
Very true.
Student B: You are also a
dentist. Talk to Student A about
your chairside manner.
Vocabulary
word best fits each blank.
I agree.
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
encourages patients to share
2 _ The new patient wanted a dentist who interrupted her.
Dental visits make many patients nervous. Working on
your chairside manner can help them.
It's nice ...
0 " Listen and read the article again. What kind of
1
Rememberthat you want patients to feel comfortable.
and will
What can be inferred about dentists?
A Most dentists are good at picking up
Patients want a dentist who cares. Pay attention to
both verbal and nonverbal cues. Patients may not
admit to being scared. Nonverbal cues tell you when to
provide reassurance.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
3
C interrupt patients
Good communication is vital. Always make eye
contact with patients. Ask them open-ended
questions about their health. Then really listen to their
answers. Do not interrupt them. Let your patients
explain their concerns. Then sympathize with those
worries. Patients appreciatethis and you gain more
information. Better communication allows you to
customize examinations.
with a patient to
D to describe different dental chairs available
B ask open-ended questions
1
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
Some patients are very
provide information easily.
A listen to patients
3
0 With a partner, act out the
2
C to help dentists improve their people skills
2
Speaking
explain, eye contact, nonverbal, open-ended questions,
reassurance, verbal.
_
. I want
Oral Health
O Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
bank.
0 With a partner, act out the
these questions.
1
What happens if people don't keep their mouth
clean and healthy?
_ __
fluoride
daily
1
People need to brush
tooth decay.
2
Bacteria will
or she doesn't brush.
Reading
3
f} Read the the brochure. Then, choose the
correct answers.
1
BANK
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
_
What are some products that people use to
keep their mouth healthy?
2
hygiene
accumulate
USELANGUAGESUCHAS:
to prevent
in a person's mouth if he
You really need to pay more
attention to .
Do you use
?
If you don't, ...
The patient needed to pay more attention to dental
What is the purpose of the brochure?
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
A to compare different types of toothbrush
•
how often he or she brushes
•
if he or she uses floss or
mouthwash
•
what will happen if poor oral
hygiene continues
4 Make sure the toothpaste contains
_
0 " Listen and read the brochure again. What are some
B to advise people on caring for their teeth
good ways to ensure good oral hygiene?
C to compare the benefits of flossing and
brushing
Listening
D to describe different types of bacteria in the
mouth
2
Speaking
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
According to the article, how often should you
use floss?
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
to Student A about oral hygiene.
A once a day
C after every meal
1
B twice a day
D once a week
2 _ The woman suggests using mouthwash.
Writing
3 _ The man doesn't have any floss at home.
0 Use the conversation from
3 What is inferred about mouthwash in the article?
_ The man brushes his teeth twice per day.
A it makes your teeth stronger
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
B it kills bacteria in the mouth
Task 8 to fill out the patient
report.
C it stops you from eating too much sugar
D you can use it instead of brushing
Dentist: You really need to pay more attention to
1
Brush regularly.
Brush your teeth at least twice a day. Use a soft
bristled toothbrush and use toothpaste
containing fluoride. Fluoride strengthens the teeth
and prevents tooth decay.
Use floss
You should clean between your teeth using floss.
Do this daily to prevent the build-up of plaque.
Use mouthwash
After eating, bacteria accumulates in the mouth.
This, in turn, can cause plaque. If plaque is not
removed, it combines with sugars and forms
acids. This can cause tooth decay. Stop harmful
bacteria by using a good mouthwash.
30
_
Vocabulary
Patient: What do you mean?
€) Place the words from the word bank under
Dentist: There is a lot of plaque in your mouth. Do you
2
?
the correct headings.
Patient: I brush on 3
_
Dentist: You should brush at least twice a day. Do you use
4
?
acid
floss
bacteria
mouthwash
toothbrush
Patient Report
Patient'sName:
_
Problems:
_
Advicegiven:
_
Patient: No. I used to, but I stopped.
sugar
toothpaste
Dentist: You need to start again. If you don't, you increase your
chances of 5
and tooth decay.
·-
Harmfulthingsin the
mount
Patient: Okay, I'll get some at the 6
Dental Hygiene
Products
today.
-
-
-
31
Dental Cleanings
G0t rp:1dy!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
Why is it necessary to perform dental cleanings?
2 What does a dentist do during a dental cleaning?
O Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the definitions
Most people refer to prophylaxis as dental cleaning.
It involves removing plaque and tartar from the teeth.
These deposits build up in the mouth over time.
(A-F}.
Prophylaxis involves three or sometimes four steps.
The summary below outlines these steps:
1 . Removalof large deposits
.........
I
Dental hygienists commonly use ultrasonic
instruments. These remove larger deposits.
2.Removal of fine deposits ----­
This involves using fine tools to scrape away small
tartar deposits.
The hygienist now cleans and polishes the teeth by
applying prophylaxis paste.
4.Fluoride application ------­
0 With a partner, act out the
1
_
2
_ deposit
5 _
build up
3
_
6 _
prophylaxis paste
prophylaxis
4 _ tartar
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
A a dental cleaning
First I'll ...
B to accumulate
What next?
C a layer of something left behind
Then, I'll ...
D a substance containing bacteria that forms on the teeth
E a hard substance that forms on the teeth
F
3.Polishing ---------­
plaque
Speaking
Student A: You are a patient.
Talk to Student B about your
dental cleaning.
a substance that makes teeth shiny and smooth
0 g Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. What
Student B: You are a dental
hygienist. Talk to Student A about:
happens during a dental cleaning?
This optional step involves the application of fluoride.
Patients must not eat this. They must spit it out.
•
how you will remove large
deposits
•
how you will remove small
deposits
•
what you will apply
Listening
0 g Listen to a conversation between a dental hygienist
and a patient. Mark the following
or false (F).
Reading
f) Read the textbook excerpt.
1
Then, choose the correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the excerpt?
A to describe different ways to perform
prophylaxis
B to explain to patients why prophylaxis is
necessary
Vocabulary
6) Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
1
0 Use the conversation from
G " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Patient:
polish I remove
2
I'm nervous about the 1
_
Part 1:
Prophylaxis
What's going to happen?
There's nothing to worry about. First, I'll remove the
2
Patient:
Okay, and 3
Hygienist:
Then 1'114
of plaque.
Patient:
Is that all?
from between the teeth.
spit I clean
Hygienist:
_
No, after that I'll apply some 5
What are the four steps of a
prophylaxis?
?
•
the smaller pieces
•
_
A The dentist uses various instruments to
_______
your teeth.
Patient:
D to apply fluoride effectively
B Please rinse with this liquid, and then
-------
What can be inferred about fluoride?
D it is not good for patients to eat
3 _ The woman is not going to add fluoride.
Task 8 to fill out the test.
B The hygienist uses this instrument to
____________
plaque
C to polish the teeth
C it is the most important step in the process
Writing
teeth so they are shiny.
B to remove large pieces of tartar
B it helps to remove small tartar deposits
2 _ The woman will remove the larger deposits first.
Hygienist:
2 According to the article, what is the function of
ultrasonic instruments?
A it helps to reduce bacteria levels
_ The man is not worried about the prophylaxis.
A The hygienist will
D to describe the steps involved in performing
prophylaxis
3
as true (T1
word best fits each blank.
C to compare two ways of performing
prophylaxis
A to remove small pieces of tartar
statements
3
Hygienist:
into the bowl.
apply I scrape
And them I'm done?
•
No, then I'll apply some fluoride. I'll leave it for a few
moments and then you'll 6
_
•
A The hygienist used a fine tool to
------
the smaller deposits away.
B Kate used a microbrush to
the paste.
_
3
Glossary
. I I
thers together and gets larger.
accumulate [V-I-U14] If something accumulates, its ow y ga
.
.
. .
I' id with a low pH which causes chemical reactions.
acid [N-COUNT-U14]An acid is a iqui
. .
.
omeone else about what he or she should do in a
advice [N-UNCOUNT-U1]Advice is an opinion someone gives s
specific situation.
·
· pa rt·re I es o f a I urrunurn
·
.
·
·
mpression device that delivers
tiny
air abrasion [N-UNCOUNT-U10]Air abrasion is an air co
dioxide onto a tooth's surface to remove areas of decay.
apply [V-T-U15]To apply something is to add it to something else.
. . .
· t
t is an arrangement for a meeting at a specific time, usually for an
appointment [N-COUNT-U11]An appo,n men
established reason.
.
· ti
[N UNCOUNTU12] Authorization is the act of granting official permission to do something.
authonza ,on back office [N-COUNT-U4] The back office is the part of a business that is not visible to patients, clients or the public.
co-payment [N-COUNT-U12) A co-payment is the amount of money that an insured person pays each time they
access medical services.
cost [N-COUNT-U12) A cost is the quantity of money you have to pay in exchange for receiving goods or services.
cover [V-1-U12]To cover is when an insurance agreement pays for a service or provides protection against something.
credit card (N-COUNT-U12) A credit card is a rectangular, plastic card that lets people buy things or services now
and pay for them later.
crown [N-COUNT-U7] The crown is the section of the tooth that sits above the gumline and that is visible.
crush [V-T-U8] To crush something is to press it so hard that it breaks into smaller pieces.
curette [N-COUNT-U5] A curette is a tool for cleaning between the teeth and under the gum line.
cut [V-T-U8] To cut something to use an object to divide it into two or more pieces.
daily [ADV-U14] If something happens daily, it occurs every day.
bacteria [N-UNCOUNT-U14]Bacteria are very small organisms, some of which cause disease.
date [N-COUNT-U11) A date is the name and number of a specific day or year.
balance [N-COUNT-U12] A balance is the amount of money a person still owes after paying part of the cost.
dental assistant [N-COUNT-U4] A dental assistant is someone whose job it is to get an office ready for patients and
clean it afterwards. They may also do administrative tasks or take X-rays or molds.
blood [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Blood is the fluid that moves through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of vertebrate
creatures, carrying nutrients and oxygen and moving waste out of the body.
blood vessel [N-COUNT-U7]A blood vessel is a tube that moves blood around the body.
bone [N-COUNT-U7] A bone is one of the hard parts that make a frame inside the body.
build up [V-1-U15] If something builds up, it accumulates.
bur [N-COUNT-U5]A bur is a tool that is fitted into a drill to cut into the tooth.
dental hygienist [N-COUNT-U4) A dental hygienist is someone whose job it is to clean patients' teeth, check for oral
diseases and to provide preventative care.
dental therapist [N-COUNT-U4] A dental therapist is someone who does dental work, but who does not have a
license or full training as a doctor of dentistry.
dentin [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Dentin is the layer of the tooth underneath the enamel. It consists of living cells.
burnisher [N-COUNT-U5]A burnisher is a tool used at the end of a dental procedure to make surfaces smooth.
dentist [N-COUNT-U1 J A dentist is someone whose job it is to care for the health of people's teeth.
business hours [N-UNCOUNT-U11J Business hours are the hours during which a business or store is typically open.
dentistry [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Dentistry is the medical study of the mouth and teeth.
CAD [N-UNCOUNT-U10]CAD (computer-aided design) is the use of computer systems to help with creation, revision,
deposit [N-COUNT-U15) A deposit is a layer of something which is left behind.
or analysis of design, particularly technical drawings.
diagnose [V-1-U1]To diagnose is to find out what health issues someone has by doing an examination or tests.
CAM [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) is the use of computer software to control machine
tools and related machinery and to work on items in the process of manufacture.
digital X-ray [N-COUNT-U1 OJ A digital X-ray, or digital radiography, is a picture that is taken by placing a sensor,
cancel [V-T-U11) To cancel something is to not allow it to begin or finish.
disposable [ADJ-U9) If something is disposable it was designed to be used and then thrown away.
canine [N-COUNT-UB] A canine is one of the four, sharp, pointed teeth found towards the front of the mouth. They are
used to tear food.
drill [N-COUNT-U5] A drill is a tool for cutting holes into teeth.
care [V-I-U13) To care is to be concerned and interested in what happens to someone and to want them to be well
and happy.
cash [N-UNCOUNT-U12]Cash is physical money, in the form of bills and coins.
designed to look like a piece of film, over a tooth.
elevator [N-COUNT-U5] An elevator is a tool used for many procedures including separating teeth or bone from
membranes and loosening teeth.
enamel [N-UNCOUNT-U7) Enamel is the hard, white, exterior part of the tooth. It is made from calcium phosphate and
protects the tooth during chewing.
cementum [N-UNCOUNT-U7]Cementum is a layer of connective tissue that joins the roots of the teeth to the gums
and jawbone.
endodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Endodontics is a branch of dentistry which deals with the pathology, biological
functions, and the form and structure of human dental pulp as well as the area around the root of a tooth.
ch~w [V-I-U8] To chew is to bite food several times with your teeth in order to make it small enough to swallow.
evening [N-UNCOUNT-U11] Evening is the part of the day that follows the afternoon and continues until you go to
chisel [N-COUNT-U5]A chisel is long blade with a sharp edge for trimming and shaping.
bed.
chop [V-T-U8] To chop something is to cut it into several, smaller pieces.
excavator [N-COUNT-U5] An excavator is a tool for taking away soft, rotten decay inside the mouth.
clean [V-T-U15] To clean something is to make it free of dirt and debris.
explain [V-I-U13) To explain is to tell a person about something in a way that is easy to follow and understand.
clinical technology [N-UNCOUNTU10] cr · 1
·
to provide dent I
. I di - .
nuca technology includes all electronic instruments and equipment used
a care, inc u ing intraoral cameras di ·t I dl10 I
.
units.
' igi a ra
ogy, computerized probes, lasers, and air abrasion
eye contact [N-UNCOUNT-U13) Eye contact is when two people stare at each other's eyes.
face shield [N-COUNT-U9] A face shield is a device, usually made from plastic, used to protect the wearer's entire
face or part of it from debris, splashes, and infectious fluids.
communication [N-UNCOUNT-U13)Com
·
·
·
com ut [N-COU
. mumcatton is the process of expressing thoughts, feelings and ideas.
P er
NT-U1 OJ A computer is a programmable ele t
.
.
.
and transmit data.
c roruc device that rs used to store, process, retrieve,
fee [N-COUNT-U12] A fee is a quantity of money that you pay to a professional person for their work.
concern [N-UNCOUNT-U13]Concern is a feeling of wor or ad .
contaminant [N-COUNT-U9) A contami
ti
ry
esire for someone to be well and happy.
man ts an element that ·1
t ·
.
association.
soi s, s ams, or infects as a result of contact or
financing [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Financing is the act of lending someone a large sum of money in order to pay for
financial coordinator [N-COUNT-U4] A financial coordinator is someone whose job it is to keep the records for a
business, like a dental practice. They handle payments, debts and investments.
34
something up front. They are expected to repay this debt plus interest, on a regular basis.
....
.
Glossary
floss [N-UNCOUNT-U14]Floss is thread which is used to clean between teeth.
id [N-UNCOUNT-U14]Fluoride is a chemical which makes teeth stronger.
fl uon e
.
·
eth
forceps [N-UNCOUNT-U5]Forceps are tools for grasping and extracting te ·.
.
.
.
.
· th art of a business that has direct contact with patients, clients, or
front office [N-COUNT-U4]The front office rs e P
the public.
·
fl 'bl f
goggles [N-UNCOUNT-LJgJ Goggles are protective glasse~, usually made of plastic, that are set m a ex, e rame,
often made of plastic or rubber,which fits securely against the face.
.
grind [V-T-U8] To grind something is to use two hard surfaces to break it into tiny pie~es, or into powder.
mouthwash [N-UNCOUNT-U14) Mouthwash is a liquid used to kill bacteria in the mouth and freshen breath.
neck [N-COUNT-U7J The neck is the separation between the crown and root of a tooth. It is at the gumline, where the
tooth is narrower.
nerve [N-COUNT-U7) A nerve is a body part that looks like a thread and carries messages between the brain and the
rest of the body.
nonverbal [ADJ-U13] If something is nonverbal, it does not use or rely on speech or words.
no-show [N-COUNT-U11] A no-show is a person who does not arrive at an event where they were expected to be.
notice [N-UNCOUNT-U11J Notice is information or a warning about something that is going to take place.
gums [N-UNCOUNT-U6]Gums are tissues that covers and connects the teeth to the. Jaw bon~s.
office [N-COUNT-U3] An office is a place where business is conducted.
handpiece [N-COUNT-U5]A handpiece is another name for a drill. It is used for cutting holes into teeth.
office manager [N-COUNT-U4] An office manager is someone whose job it is to oversee the work of other
employees to make sure an office is productive and efficient.
hard palate [N-COUNT-U6]The hard palate extends over the roof of the mouth and is formed from maxillae and
palatine bones.
hardware [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Hardware includes computer machinery and equipment, including memory, cables,
power supply, devices, and circuit boards, which are used to operate computer systems.
open-ended question [N-COUNT-U13) An open-ended question is a question that a person cannot respond to with
a one word answer.
operatory [N-COUNT-U3J An operatory is a medical professional's work space.
health [N-UNCOUNT-U1]Health is the condition of a person's body, in particular whether or not they are sick.
oral (ADJ-U1] If something is oral, it is associated with or involving the mouth.
hygiene [N-UNCOUNT-U14]Hygiene is the method of keeping clean and healthy.
oral cavity [N-COUNT-U6J The oral cavity is an opening in the face, and is another word for mouth.
incisor [N-COUNT-U8]An incisor is one of the eight flat, sharp teeth found at the front of the mouth. They are used for
orthodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry which deals with the irregularities of teeth and
cutting and biting.
infectious [ADJ-U9] If something is infectious, it is capable of causing infection, or a harmful effect on one's health.
their correction with braces.
palatoglossal arch [N-COUNT-U6) The palatoglossal arch is an arch-shaped structure at the back of the mouth.
information technology [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Information technology is all technology that involves the development,
maintenance,and use of computers, software, and networks used to process and transmit data.
pathology [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Pathology is a branch of dentistry which is concerned with the nature, identification, and
instruction [N-UNCOUNT-U1JInstruction is an explanation of something that a person needs to do, usually given by
patient responsibility [N-UNCOUNT-U12J Patient responsibility is a patient's duty to be in charge of something, like
someonein a position of authority.
management of diseases.
medical bills and guarantee their payment.
insurance [N-UNCOUNT-U12]Insurance is an agreement with a company where you regularly pay them money. In
exchange,they will pay some or most of the cost if you become ill, or something bad happens.
payment [N-COUNT-U12) A payment is an amount of money that a person needs to give or receive from someone
interrupt [V+U13JTo interrupt is to say or do something that suddenly prevents someone from continuing what they
are saying or doing.
payment plan [N-COUNT-U12) A payment plan is a fixed schedule for repaying debt, such as medical bills.
intraoral camera [N-COUNT-U1 OJ An intraoral camera is a wand-like instrument used during dental examinations
that projects a magnified image of a patient's mouth onto a screen.
else.
pediatric dentistry [N-UNCOUNT-U2) Pediatric dentistry is a branch of dentistry which deals with the dental care of
infants, toddlers, and children under the age of thirteen. Pediatric dentists provide primary and comprehensive oral
health care and also work with children who have special healthcare needs.
lab [N-COUNT~U3J A lab, or laboratory,is a space equipped for experimental study in science using research testing
and analysis.
'
'
periodontal ligament [N-COUNT-U7] The periodontal ligament is tissue that helps keep the teeth tightly attached to
lab technician [N-CO_UNT-U4] A lab technician is someone whose job it is to work on patient lab samples do tests
and clean lab equipment.
'
•
periodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Periodontics is a branch of dentistry which deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of gum diseases, and the maintenance of the health, functions, and appearance of gum tissues.
l~ser [N-COUNT-U1OJ A laser is a device that generates a narrow, intense beam of light energy.
personal check [N-COUNT-U12] A personal check is a printed piece of paper from an individual. A person writes an
amount of money on it and signs it. A personal check can be used to pay for services or goods.
hcenseh[N-COUkN:-U1] A li~e~se is an official document that grants someone the right or permission to do something
suc as wor m a certain field.
'
the bone. It connects the cementum to the jawbone.
plaque [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Plaque is a substance containing bacteria that forms on the surface of the teeth.
listen ~-I-U13J To listen is to pay close attention to what a person is saying.
plugger [N-COUNT-U5] A plugger is a tool used in root canals to plug the nerve after extraction.
low:~::
polish [V-T-U15] To polish something is to make it shiny.
[N-COUNT-U5J The lower lip is the fleshy tissue around the opening of the mouth which is closest to the
PPE [N-UNCOUNT-U9] PPE consists of specialized clothing and equipment worn by an employee for protection
maxillofacial [ADJ-U2] If something is maxillofacial, it is related to the maxilla or the
.
mechanical room [N-COUNT-U3J A mechanical room or a boiler
.
'
upper J_aw.
basement, that is associated with electrical equl ' t
r~om, is_ a room or space in a building, usually in a
.
ipmen and heating devices.
mirror [N-COUNT-U5JA mirror is a tool that allows a dentist t
.
molar [N-COUNT-U8]A molar is one of th . h I
o see into hard-to-see places inside the mouth.
grind food.
e eig t arge, wide teeth, found at the back of the mouth. They are used to
against infectious contaminants.
practice [N-COUNT-U1] A practice is the business and work of a professional, such as a dentist.
premolar [N-COUNT-U8] A premolar is one of the eight teeth with ridges, found next to the canines. They are used to
crush and grind food.
probe [N-COUNT-U5] A probe is tool for measuring the depth of gum pockets to assess the health of gum tissue.
professional [ADJ-U1] If something is professional, it relates to a job that requires special education and training or it
mouth [N-COUNT-U6JThe mouth is an opening in the face, used for eating, breathing and speaking.
6
meets certain standards.
Glossary
. is the formal term for dental cleaning.
.
rophylaxis
[N-UNCOUNT-U15]
P
rophylaxis
.
.
b
tance
used
by
dentists
to
polish
teeth.
P
p
h taxis paste is a su s
.
.
.
l
prophylaxis paste (N-UNCOUNT-U15 rop Y . .
branch of dentistry which deals with the d1ag.nos1s, treatment
rosthodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U2]Prostho.dont1cs is a the comfort, appearance, and health of patients who have
P planning and rehabilitationof oral function, as. we.II as
'
. .
b
t maxillofac1al tissues.
missing or detcient teeth or a sen
.
. .
h t th It contains blood vessels and nerves.
.
ft 1· · g tissue inside t e 00 ·
pulp [N-UNCOUNT-U7]Pulp rs the so ' ivrn
. t
htch is concerned with the production and
. I
. a branch of dent1s ry w I
..
radiology [N-UNCOUNT-U2]Radio ogy rs
.
ose and manage diseases, disorders, and conditions within
interpretationof data and imagesthat are used to d1agn
the oral and maxillofacialregion.
.
k
where health care professionals use imaging
.
radiology
room [N - COUNT-U3]A radiology. room is a dar room
.
th data for diagnosis and treatment.
technologiestoga er
.
d
actions that make someone feel less afraid or worried.
[N-UNCOUNT-U13]Reassurance rs wor s or
. .
.
reassurance
. . .
h se job it is to greet patients and perform administratlvs
receptionist [N-COUNT-U4]A receptionist is some~ne w o
tasks such as making appointments and answering the phone.
. .
'
· · t d k is the desk at which a person, employed to greet visitors and
receptionist desk (N-COUNT-U3]A recept1oms
es
patients,answerphones, and keep records, sits and works.
.
. .
...
or a post-anesthesia care unit, rs a unit m health care facilities where
A
recovery room [N-COUNT-U3l recovery room,
patients go to recoverfrom anesthesiatreatments.
.
.
.
.
referral [N-COUNT-U2]A referral is a recommendation, or the act of sending or directing someone to a medical
specialistfor treatment, aid, or information.
remove [V-T-U15] To remove something is to take it away.
reschedule [V-T-U11] To reschedule something is to change the time or date of when it is supposed to happen.
restroom [N-COUNT-U3]A restroom is a public bathroom supplied with one or more sinks, toilet stalls, urinals, hand
dryers,and towel dispensers.
retractor [N-COUNT-U5]A retractor is a tool that allows dentists to pull a portion of the mouth away to access
anotherarea of the mouth.
reusable [ADJ-U9]If something is reusable, it can be used more than once.
root [N-COUNT-U7]The root is the section of the tooth that extends below the gumline and is not visible. It is longer
than the crown.
root canal [N-COUNT-U7]A root canal is a set of narrow spaces inside the root of a tooth that can become infected. In
such cases, a dentist takes out the infected part of the root in an operation also called a root canal.
saliva [N-UNCOUNT-U9]Saliva is a clear, thick fluid which is released into the mouth by salivary glands to help break
down food.
sterilization room [N-COUNT-U3] A sterilization room is the space in which every surgical instrument is cleaned to
prevent infection.
storage room [N-COUNT-U3] A storage room is a space in which items, such as medical supplies, are kept until they
are needed.
sugar [N-COUNT-U14] A sugar is a type of simple carbohydrate that dissolves in water.
surgery [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Surgery is a branch of medicine concerned with diseases, conditions, and injuries that are
repaired using manual and instrumental techniques.
surgical gloves [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Surgical gloves are disposable latex gloves worn by health professionals during
medical examinations and procedures in order to prevent contamination between caregivers and patients.
surgical mask [N-COUNT-U9] A surgical mask, also called a "procedure mask," is a partial covering for the face that
is worn by health professionals to catch bacteria dispensed from liquid droplets emitted from the wearer's mouth
and nose.
sympathize [V-1-U13] To sympathize
is to behave kindly toward a person because you understand their problems.
syringe [N-COUNT-U5] A syringe is a tool which is fitted with a needle. Dentists use it to suck up liquid and push it
into the body when giving injections.
tartar [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Tartar is a hard substance that forms on the teeth.
tear [Y-T-U8] To tear something is to pull it apart into separate pieces.
teeth (N-UNCOUNT-U6] The teeth are hard structures in the mouth, used for biting and chewing.
time [N-COUNT-U11] A time is a specific occasion that is convenient or not convenient for something.
tongue [N-COUNT-U6] The tongue is a thick, soft organ in the mouth which is used to taste food.
tonsil [N-COUNT-U6] A tonsil is made of lymphoid tissue and forms part of the immune system.
toothbrush [N-COUNT-U14] A toothbrush
is a tool, usually made of colored plastic, which people use to clean their
teeth.
toothpaste [N-UNCOUNT-U14] Toothpaste
is a substance placed on a toothbrush and used to clean the teeth.
treatment room [N-COUNT-U3] A treatment
room, or a patient care unit, is a space in which health care
professionals provide care to patients.
upper lip [N-COUNT-U6] The upper lip is the fleshy tissue around the opening of the mouth which is closest to the
nose.
uvula [N-COUNT-U6] The uvula is a piece of soft tissue that hangs from the soft palate and stops food from entering the
nasal cavity.
verbal [ADJ-U13] If something is verbal, it relies on or uses spoken words.
waiting room [N-COUNT-U3] A waiting room is a space near an entrance, often located in a doctor's office, in which
people wait until they can be serviced.
schedule [V-T-U11] To schedule is to plan for something to happen at a specific date or time.
scrape [V-T-U15] To scrape something is to use a sharp object to remove small pieces.
soft palate [N-COUNT-U6]The soft palate is located behind the hard palate and is made from tissue and muscle.
software [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Software is the set of programs, procedures, and routines which control and direct the
computer.
walk-in [N-COUNT-U11] A walk-in is a person who arrives at a business without an appointment.
weekday [N-COUNT-U11] A weekday is one of the days of the week that come between Monday and Friday.
weekend [N-COUNT-U11] A weekend
is Saturday and Sunday, because these are the two days when many people
do not work.
wisdom tooth [N-COUNT-U8] A wisdom tooth is one of the four teeth that grow in the very back of the mouth when a
specialty [N-CO~NT-U2]A specialty is a branch of medicine in which one specializes, or concentrates one's efforts
toward a particular field or practice.
person reaches adulthood.
spit [V-I-U15] To spit is to remove saliva or liquid from the mouth by forcefully blowing it out of the mouth.
staff [N-UNCOUNT-U4]Staff is the people who work for a specific business or institution.
staff area [N-COUNT-U3]A staff area·
·
.
.
.
is a space, usually restricted to employees in which staff members rest eat or
drink dunng break times.
'
'
'
39
Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
James Caldwell, DDS
4J1U~
Express Publishing
Table of Contents
Scope and Sequence
Unit
Topic
Reading
context
1
Dental Exam
Pamphlet
2
Radiography
Web page
Vocabulary
cancer checkup, comprehensive, decay, diagnose,_ evaluate,
. ,
m disease inspect occlusion, restoration, screen
examine, gu
,
,
bitewing x-ray, cephalometric projection, computed
tomography, exposure, extraoral, intraoral, .lea.d apron, lead
collar, occlusal X-ray, panoramic X-ray, psriapical X-ray,
radiation, radiograph, tomogram
3
4
Dental
Prosthetics
Orthodontic
Treatment
5 Dental Caries
Textbook
excerpt
appliance, arch, artificial, bridge, crown, ~entures, fi~ed,
implant, partial dentures, plastic, porcelain, prosthetic,
Introducing
yourself
Expressing
intention
Presenting
options
removable, replacement, veneer
Brochure
-
Unit 1 - Dental Exam
4
-
Unit 2 - Radiography
6
Unit 3 - Dental Prosthetics
8
Unit 4 - Orthodontic Treatment
1o
Unit 5 - Dental Caries
12
Unit 6 - Fillings
14
Unit 7 - Root Canals
16
Unit 8 - Extractions
18
Function
alignment, braces, bumper, crossbite, deformity, headgear,
malocclusion, open bite, orthodontist, overbite,
palatal expander, retainer, space maintainer, underbite
Asking for
clarification
advanced, caries, cavity, discoloration, erosion, fissure,
formation, fracture, pit, sensitivity, spread, symptom, weaken
Reassuring
Article
6
Fillings
Web page
amalgam, anesthetic, ceramic, composite, cure, filling, glass
ionomer, gold, indirect filling, probe, shape, temporary filling
Discussing
options
Unit 9 - Gum Disease
20
7
Root Canals
Patient
handout
abscess, antibiotic, dental dam, disinfect, expose, fill, gutta
percha, irrigate, post, pulp chamber, root canal, seal, swelling,
Describing
necessity
Unit 10 - TMJ Problems
22
Unit 11 - Oral Infections
24
Unit 12 - Oral Cancer
26
Unit 13 - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
28
Unit 14 - Anesthesia .......................................................
30
Unit 15 - Medication .......................................................
32
Glossary ...................................................................
34
toothache, trauma
8 Extractions
Textbook
excerpt
bleeding, bruising, complication, dry socket, exodontia,
extraction, grasp, impacted, incision, infection, open wound,
osteotome, rock, simple extraction, surgical extraction
Discussing
potential
complications
9 Gum Disease
Brochure
bone graft, flap surgery, gingivitis, halitosis, loose,
medication, periodontal disease, periodontitis, pocket,
recede, root planing, scaling, tissue graft
Giving a
warning
Journal
article
bruxism, cartilage, clench, click, disk, dizzy, lock, mandible,
mastication, nauseated, osteoarthritis, pain, pop, rheumatoid
arthritis, temporal bone, temporomandibular joint
Discussing
symptoms
10
TMJ Problems
11
Oral Infections
Web page
bacterial infection, blister, bulla, canker sore, chicken pox,
chronic, cold sore, contagious, fungal infection, herpes
simplex, measles, thrush, ulcer, vesicle, viral infection
Expressing
confusion
12
Oral Cancer
Pamphlet
abnormal, brush biopsy, cancerous, chemotherapy,
difficulty, growth, patch, radiation therapy, sample,
scalpel biopsy, sore, sore throat, tissue, tumor
crust,
Correcting
someone
13
Oral and
Maxillofacial
Surgery
Website
avulsed tooth, cleft lip, cleft palate, cyst, laceration, oral
surgeon, orthognathic surgery, ridge expansion, sideways,
sinus graft, sleep apnea, trap, UPPP
Discussing
causes
14
Anesthesia
Textbook
excerpt
benzocaine, block, dental anesthesiology, general anesthetic,
Expressing
inhaled, intravenous, lidocaine, local anesthetic, nitrous oxide preference
sedation, topical anesthetic, unconscious
'
15
Medication
Article
ace~aminophen, antifungal, antiseptic, chlorhexidine,
corticosteroid, fluoride, ibuprofen, muscle relaxant, over-thecounter, penicillin, pilocarpine, prescription, tetracycline
Asking about
necessity
enta
0 " Listen and read the pamphlet again.
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about these question s.
1
What are some different types of dental exams?
2 What happens during a dental exam?
as true (T) or false (F).
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
dentist and a patient. Choose the correct
answers.
1
_ A checkup is the most in-depth type of examination.
2 _ Dentists looks for signs of decay, gum disease and cancer.
Soft tissues include the teeth, tongue and lips.
Vocabulary
phrases.
1 The dentist needed to screen I examine the state of the
patient's restorations.
A to compare different exam styles
1
First time patients usually receive comprehensive
examinations. Expect your dentist to examine
your head and neck. Your dentist is likely to
inspect the soft tissues. This includes the tongue,
lips and inside of the mouth. Your dentist also
evaluates your gums. The goal is to diagnose the
presence of gum disease. He or she will also look
for signs of decay. This is also the time to check
restorations. Your dentist may examine your bite.
This is to check for occlusion problems. X-rays
may be part of a comprehensive examination.
A checkup is less thorough. It involves an exam
and a tooth cleaning and polishing. Your dentist
may take X-rays. Regular checkups maintain your
oral health.
They allow your dentist to screen for diseases like
cancer. Your dentist will discuss any oral issues
with you.
4
_ cancer
2 _ comprehensive
3 _ decay
4 _ diagnose
7
5 _ evaluate
6 _ occlusion
A the way in which the upper and lower levels of the teeth come
together when the mouth is closed
B to do an examination or to perform tests to learn what health
issues a person has
C a serious illness where a group of cells grow in an uncontrolled
manner
D the slow destruction of something, due to natural chemical
changes
E thorough and covering all aspects of something
Have you had ... ?
•
comprehensive exams
D to describe the causes of decay
•
the areas examined
•
what you're looking for
A finish the checkup
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A
about the examination.
B give the woman a filling
C do a comprehensive examination
D inspect the soft tissues
Writing
0 Use the pamphlet and the conversation
0 " Listen again and complete the
from Task 8 to fill out a list for dental
students outlining the steps in a
comprehensive examination.
conversation.
Dentist: Good morning, I'm Dr. Kan. I'll be
1
your dental exam today.
Hi. It's 2
to meet
you.
screen
it's a pleasure to meet you.
C to discuss a patient's history
Patient:
0 Match the words (1- 7) with the definitions (A-G).
Good morning, I'm ...
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
about:
4 The patient made an appointment to have a decay I checkup.
5 The patient had one crown and several other restorations I
cancers.
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
B to explain what an exam entails
2 The dentist diagnosed I inspected the patient's gums.
3 Many people do not realize that gum disease I occlusion is
actually a type of infection.
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
What is the purpose of the conversation?
2 What will the man most likely do next?
E) Read the sentences and choose the correct words or
Speaking
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Listening
Reading
f) Read the pamphlet. Then, mark the following statements
3
Why would a dentist examine a person's
bite?
Dentist: Likewise. Now tell me ... have you had a
comprehensive exam before?
Patient: I'm 3
_
_____
. What does that involve?
Dentist: Well, 4
_
_____
than a simple checkup. I'll
start by looking at your head and neck ...
Comprehensive
Examination
Areas to inspect:
_
Patient: And after that?
Dentist: Next, I'll examine the 5
_____
and gums.
_
Diseases to look for:
Patient: What do you mean by soft tissues?
Dentist: I'm 6
the
tongue, lips, and interior of the mouth.
Restorations and occlusions:
_
F to do tests to see if someone has a specific illness
G to carefully judge the quality, value or importance of something
X-rays:
5
Radiography
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
Dental Radiography
Dental radiography helps diagnose and treat dental problems.
X-rays can detect cavities and impacted teeth, and monitor tooth
development. X-rays also help dentists fit prosthetics or braces.
lntraoral radiography is most common. It includes the following:
•
Occlusal X-rays: show tooth development and placement in
•
an arch of teeth
Bitewing X-rays: show hidden areas between upper and lower
•
teeth to detect decay
Periapical X-rays: show an entire tooth from root to crown to
find abnormalities
best fits each blank.
A
to radioactivity may cause health risks.
B Ty was exposed to high levels of
_
2
0 Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
1
What types of X-rays are used in dentistry?
2 Why are X-rays used in dentistry?
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the
definitions (A-H).
Reading
f) Read the webpage. Then, choose the
to protect
intraoral I extraoral
A The dentist took an
X-ray to check for
cavities.
B On the
X-ray, Roy saw that he had
impacted teeth.
0 g Listen and read the webpage again. What are the
concerns about radiography?
Listening
0 g Listen to a conversation
patient. Mark the following
between a dentist and a
statements as true (T1 or
2 _ Bitewings can minimize exposure to radiation.
3
3 _ bitewing X-ray
8 _ cephalometric
What is the purpose of the webpage?
4 _ periapical X-ray
projection
A to outline the risks of getting X-rays
5 _ tomogram
growth and placement
C to list different methods of dental
radiography
D to compare lead aprons to lead collars
2 Which of the following is NOT an intraoral
X-ray?
A tomogram
C occlusal
B bitewing
D periapical
3 Whichof the followingis a risk of radiography?
A impacted teeth
C headaches
B tooth decay
D radiation exposure
B an X-ray which shows a single layer of the mouth
jaw and profile
F an X-ray which identifies tumors and fractures using
3-D imagery
G an X-ray which examines the positions of teeth and
helps diagnose tumors
H an X-ray which shows a tooth from the crown to the
root
•
types and risks of X-rays
•
how to minimize risks
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
to Student A about your concerns
about taking X-rays during a
dental check-up.
Writing
The woman wants to check for cavities in the molars.
? I thought this was
Patient: What kinds of 1
going to be a simple check-up.
Dentist:
of radiation
E an X-ray which examines the teeth in relation to the
the purpose of doing an X-ray
f) g Listen again and complete the conversation.
C a picture produced on a sensitive surface by a type
D an X-ray which shows teeth from the crown to the
supporting bone
•
Task 8 to fill out the patient's
chart.
_ X-rays are common procedures during check-ups.
7 _ computed tomography
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
0 Use the conversation from
false (F).
2 _ occlusal X-ray
X-rays
But we do our best to ...
their organs.
1
A an X-ray which shows an arch of teeth to examine
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I understand your concern.
B Patients ought to wear a
6 _ panoramic X-ray
B to explain why patients need intraoral
6
around
1 _ radiograph
correct answers.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
We're going to ...
Kim's neck.
Extraoral X-rays focus on the jaw and skull. They often identify
problems with individual teeth. Examples include the following:
• Panoramic X-rays: show the entire mouth
• Tomograms: used to examine structures that are hard to see
• Cephalometric Projections: show an entire side of the head
• Computed Tomography: identifies tumors and fractures
Get ready!
lead apron I lead collar
A The hygienist placed a
3
Exposure to radiation sometimes leads to health risks. The risk of
exposure can be prevented or minimized. Patients can wear lead
aprons or lead collars during X-rays.
9 With a partner, act out the
exposure I radiation
1
Speaking
I see ... Isn't there a risk of radiation 3
_
Dentist:
_
Date:
It is. This procedure is part of it. We'll do basic
2
X-rays. And we'll do a few bitewings to
check for cavities in the upper and lower molars.
Patient:
Patient Name:
Type of X-rays performed:
_
_
?
Dentist: Well, yes. Whenever X-rays are performed, there's a risk.
But we try to 4
it.
Results of check-up:
Patient: Are you sure that's possible?
over
Dentist: Absolutely. We place a 5
you. That usually works to prevent radiation damage to
the internal organs.
Patient:
I've always been a little suspicious of 6
_
7
Dental Prosthetics
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits
Reading
f) Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose
the correct answers.
1
What are some examples of dental prosthetics?
2 Why do people need dental prosthetics?
0 With a partner, act out the
each blank.
1
prosthetic
A
A the types of dental prosthetics
B You'll need a(n)
C how to apply dental implants
dentistry is a specialty in the field.
for that broken front tooth.
B Temporary crowns are
_
A ________
A to improve the appearance of discolored
The next possibility is ...
_
is used in dental sealants to protect
teeth from cavities.
teeth
B Most people prefer crowns that are made of
_
B to replace an arch of decayed teeth
D to replace an arch of missing teeth
You can get ...
3 plastic I porcelain
dentures?
C to replace a set of missing teeth
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
First, I suggest ...
2 removable I fixed
A Bond cream can help dentures remain
D a comparison of porcelain and plastic
2 Which of the following is NOT a reason to get
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
I replacement
What is the main idea of the article?
B why patients get veneers
Speaking
4 arch I crown
A Frank needed a(n)
to fix his broken tooth.
8 The elderly patient was missing several teeth in her
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
•
types of dental prosthetics
•
your recommendation for
a prosthetic
•
how the prosthetics are
applied
_
3 What are dental crowns often made of?
A porcelain and plastic
0 " Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. Which
B metal and plastic
dental prosthetics
are fixed into place?
C metal and porcelain
D plastic veneers
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
Vocabulary
patient. Mark the following
E) Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the
definitions (A-H).
1
Prosthetics are common in general dentistry.
Patients with missing or damaged teeth require artificial
replacements. Dentists use numerous materials and
appliances as substitutions for real teeth.
One type of prosthetic is a crown. Crowns are usually
fixed and made of metal and/or porcelain. Dentists often
use them to help strengthen existing teeth. However,
sometimes crowns are used to replace missing teeth.
More often, bridges and implants replace missing teeth.
Bridges cover a row of lost teeth. They are usually
removable. Implants, on the other hand, are fixed.
Dentures are another common dental prosthetic.
They are suggested for patients who are missing all or
most of their teeth. Partial dentures are for those who
need to replace missing teeth in an arch.
Veneers are fixed cosmetic prosthetics. They are made
of porcelain or plastic. Dentists use them to improve
discolored, crooked, or slightly chipped teeth.
dentures
2 _ bridge
3 _ veneer
7 _
appliance
4 _ implant
8 _
partial dentures
crown
artificial
as true (T) or
2 _ Dental crowns can be made of both metal and porcelain.
3
The man thinks that dental implants cause discomfort.
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist:
D a prosthetic, secured into the jawbone with tiny
titanium screws
1
_
Patient Name:
Patient:
Yeah, but aren't they made of 2
Dentist:
You can get one that is made of porcelain. However,
you're 3
_
_____
getting metal on the inside and 4
F a prosthetic tooth made from gold, metal, or
porcelain
outside.
H a shell or coating made of plastic or porcelain
?
_
Age:
~
Diagnosis:
_
Treatment:
_
. Your bite is strong there. I'd recommend
E removable or fixed prosthetic teeth
G removable or fixed prosthetic teeth for an arch
of teeth
DENTAL
CHART
First, I suggest that you consider getting a
device used to perform a function
C being man-made
0 Use the conversation from
chart.
_ The woman needs to replace a missing tooth.
A a short row of prosthetic teeth
B an electric or gas-operated instrument or
Writing
Task 8 to fill out the dental
false (F).
1
5 6 -
-
statements
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
to Student A about the best dental
prosthetic option.
on the
Patient:
What are my other options?
Dentist:
The next possibility is an 5
Patient:
How does that work?
Dentist:
It's like having an entirely new tooth. It's 6
_
_____
using a tiny
titanium attachment.
_
Orthodontic Treatm
(retainer)
Get ready!
O Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
1
O Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined
James has some problems with the relative positioning of his
teeth.
_I __ n
t
2
Kirsty has to leave early to visit her dentist specializing in the
position of teeth.
_ r __ o _ o
_
3
Alan is suffering from a problem in which his teeth do not meet
when he bites.
o ___
__t_
2 What happens if a patient does not receive
orthodontic treatment?
4 Olivia's is receiving treatment for a problem in which her lower
Reading
teeth are too far forward.
f) Read the brochure. Then, choose the
5
correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the brochure?
6
A to tell patients what to do after receiving
orthodontic treatment
C to describe the treatment available at a clinic
_ n __ r
The orthodontist could see that his patient had a problem with
the alignment of teeth.
m_I
u
_
If you don't fix your teeth, the abnormal shape may affect your
confidence.
_ e __ r
y
too far forward.
rb
_
8 The orthodontist told Anna that she had a problem in which
her teeth did not meet correctly.
c
b
_
D to explain why a clinic is changing its
treatment
2 What does the clinic use to prevent pressure on
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I can see you have a ...
Oh, do you mean ... ?
If we don't fix ...
e
7 Paul is suffering from a problem in which his upper teeth are
B to explain the process of correcting overbite
Speaking
Q With a partner, act out the
1
What sort of problems require orthodontic
treatment?
part.
0 " Listen and read the brochure again. What types of
treatment are available to correct tooth alignment?
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
•
what the problem is
•
how you will treat it
•
what will happen if you don't
treat it
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about your
malocclusion.
the teeth?
A a retainer
C bumpers
B headgear
D space maintainers
3 What can be inferred about the clinic?
A It employs several orthodontists.
Do you need Orthodontic Treatment?
The type of treatment depends on the type of deformity.
The most common fixed appliance is braces. If a child has
lost baby teeth early, we may fit space maintainers. If your
lips and cheeks are putting pressure on the teeth, we may fit
bumpers. We may fit a palatal expander to widen the arch
of the upper jaw, or retainers, to keep the teeth in their new
position. Or we may fit headgear to align the upper and
lower jaws.
For more information, book now for an appointment with one
of our orthodontists.
1
C It offers treatment unavailable elsewhere.
m or
patient. Mark the following statements as true
0 Use the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the patient
report.
false (F).
1
_ The woman is suffering from underbite.
2 _ The woman doesn't want to wear braces.
D It only treats children.
3
_ The man will book an appointment with an orthodontist
for the woman.
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the
definitions
1
1
(A-F).
_ braces
4 _ headgear
2 _ retainer
5 _ bumper
3 _ space maintainer
6 _ palatal expande
Dentist:
It means you have a problem with your
1
_
Patient:
Oh, do you mean they're 2
_____
_
?
Dentist: Yes, and as a result, you've got a 3
_____
. We really need to treat it.
B an appliance that widens the upper jaw
Patient:
crooked. It's not a 4
D an appliance that keeps teeth in position
mind.
Observations:
_
Steps to be taken:
_
Comments:
_
_
I don't want to wear braces! My teeth are only slightly
C an appliance that prevents pressure on the teeth
E an appliance that moves the upper jaw back
Patient Report
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
A an appliance that alters the position of teeth
F an appliance that fills gaps in teeth
10
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
B It has only recently opened.
Many people suffer from problems of teeth alignment,
known as malocclusions.These can cause headaches,
tooth decay and can affect your appearance and confidence.
If your teeth stick out too far (known as overbite) not far
enough, (underbiteor crossbite)or don't meet properly
(open bite), don't worry. We can fix it!
What sort of treatment can I expect?
Writing
Listening
. I don't
Dentist: We really need to fix it. It's not just a matter of 5
_
Bad 6
can affect your dental
health.
11
Dental Caries
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
1
Reading
f} Readthe article. Then, choose the correct
0 Readthe sentences and choose the correct words.
The cavity formed in a small pit I symptom on the surface of
the tooth.
answers.
2
1 What is the main purpose of the article?
What causes dental caries?
A to explain how to stop caries developing
2 What happens if caries go untreated?
4 Eating sweet food causes acid discoloration
D to explain how dentists identify small
I erosion in teeth.
5 Dentists detect the formation I symptoms of caries using a
cavities
Student A: You are a hygienist.
Talk to Student B about:
A discoloration
C pain
B sensitivity
D bad breath
0 " Listen and read the article again. What are the signs
Acid produced by sugar-loving bacteria in plaque
start to erode tooth enamel. This leads to the
formation of small cavities in pits and fissures in
the biting surfaces of teeth. At this point, there are
no symptoms. The cavities are painless.
Cstage two - minor
J
J
The cavity spreads further and begins to weaken the
tooth. There may be some discoloration and pain.
Cstage four - severe
J
The tooth is now very weak. Fractures may develop
when biting down, especially if the cavity is under a
filling. The tooth may break altogether. Root canal
procedures are necessary to prevent the spread of
infection in the dental pulp.
12
C dentin
B enamel
D dental pulp
Listening
0 ~ Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
hygienist. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
Vocabulary
_ The woman suspects that a patient has caries.
Q Fill in the blanks with the correct words
from the word bank.
ANK
. ..
- . -·-
caries
advanced
fracture
sa, ead
weaken
fissures
sensitivity
Hygienist:
Patient Report
-----
Dentist:
What did you see?
Hygienist:
Just a couple of 2
Dentist:
Hygienist:
_
seemed bigger than
_
stages, so we must treat it now.
Did Mrs. Hopper have any 3
?
Observations:
No, she said she didn't feel any 4
_
__________
. But that doesn't mean
there isn't a cavity.
then cause the tooth to break.
7
Student B: You are a dentist.
Talk to Student A about the
patient.
they should be.
in her teeth
4 A small crack can develop into a
6 Cavities can
them to break.
what you advised the patient
Well, yes, but I thought I detected some signs of
1 -----
If you don't treat the infection, it will
5 This cavity is already in its
•
Task8 to fill out the patient
report.
1
3 Jenny feels some
when she eats ice-cream.
whether the patient had any
symptoms
0 Use the conversation from
.. ·- ·- .....
f) ~ Listen again and complete the conversation.
1
•
Writing
3 _ The man is going away for a month.
..
what you saw in a patient's
mouth
2 _ The patient feels some sensitivity in her teeth.
2 A groove in the top of a tooth is called a
The cavity deepens until it reaches the underlying
dentin, and then it begins to spread. The patient will
begin to feel some sensitivity when eating hot, cold or
sweet foods and drinks.
Cstage three- advanced
A plaque
•
of cavities in their advanced stages?
3 The cavity becomes sensitive when it starts
attacking the
_
J
That shouldn't be a problem.
6 The patient developed a small pit I cavity in his premolar.
according to the article?
Cstage one- slight
It sounds ...
probe.
2 What is NOT a symptom of dental caries,
Catch Dental Caries
Before It's Too Late!
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
I thought I detected ...
discoloration in your teeth.
C to explain how caries develop
Q With a partner, act out the
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
3 Use teeth-whitening products if you have erosion I
B to explain how dentists treat caries
--------~
Sensitivity is a common symptom I formation of developing
caries.
Speaking
Dentist:
Hygienist:
True, so what did you do?
I told her to come and see you for a 5
_
teeth and cause
Dental
are more common now,
as our diet contains more sugar.
Dentist:
That's the best thing to do. I'll be able to detect any
6
with my probe and treat them if
necessary.
_
Fillings
HOME
0 fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases:
Get ready!
Speaking
filling, restoration, numb, anesthetic, probe, cure, shape,
glass ionomer.
0 Beforeyou read the passage, talk
about these questions.
1
Dentists use
tooth.
What happens when a dentist fills a tooth?
2 What different substances can
dentists use to fill teeth?
to protect the nerve under the
3 Dr. Smith will
the area.
the area to check there's no
1
4 The dentist is going to
C to describe what happens during filling
I don't really like ...
each layer of filling.
6 Jane needs to see a dentist because her
A to teach dentists how to fit fillings
B to tell people how to avoid needing a filling
the filling so that it fits
correctly.
5 A light is used to
What is the main purpose of the article?
What options are available?
Well, there's ...
more decay.
answers.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
2 The dentist used a local anesthetic to
f} Read the leaflet. Then, choose the correct
Q With a partner, act out the
has
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
come out.
7 The hygienist will clean the tooth and then the
will be complete.
_
•
what fillings are available
•
the advantages of each
material
•
the disadvantages of each
material
treatment
D to compare different types of filling material
2 What can be inferred about the use of glass
ionomer?
B It makes the filling stronger.
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
3 Which type of filling requires two visits?
What will the dentist use to fill my tooth?
Several materials are available, including gold,
ceramic, silver or amalgam. There are also composite
resin fillings, made from plastic and glass.
Will I need more than one appointment?
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
to Student A about filling options.
Listening
D It is a common filling material.
First, the dentist will numb the area with a local
anesthetic. The dentist will then use a drill to remove
the decay. He or she will probe and clean the area to
check all the bacteria and decay has gone. If the decay
is deep, the dentist will apply glass ionomer to fill the
area. Then the dentist will add the filling material in
layers, using a special light to cure each layer. Then
the dentist will shape the material and polish the final
restoration.
fit a filling?
A It is not always necessary.
C It makes the treatment less painful.
What's going to happen?
0 " Listen and read the leaflet again. How does a dentist
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
Writing
1
0 Use the conversation from
_ The woman doesn't like gold fillings.
A an amalgam filling
2 _ The man recommends the composite fillings.
B a temporary filling
3 _ The woman chooses the cheapest option.
Task 8 to fill out the summary
of two filling options.
C a composite resin filling
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
D an indirect filling
Patient: Okay, but they don't 1
E) Place the words from the word bank under
the correct headings.
_
, do they?
Dentist: Some people dislike them, but they do last a long time.
You can also have 2
_
Patient: I don't really like the idea of a gold filling.
\W~~id BANK
gold
ceramic
_____
temporary
composite
indirect
amalgam
Dentist: No, they're not as popular as they were in the past. And
they take 3
to fit.
Patient: Do you offer materials that are the 4
_____
Types of Filling
Fillingmaterials
Advantages: _
_
_
_ _
Disadvantages: _ _
_
as teeth?
Dentist: Yes, we have a 5
. It looks
better, but it isn't as durable. Composite fillings take
longer to make, too.
Dentists make most fillings in one appointment, but
indirect fillings require two. You will receive a
Patient: Do they? How long?
temporary filling on the first appointment, and your
permanent filling on your second visit.
Dentist: About twenty minutes longer than usual. And they're
6_
of the
amalgam.
Typeof material:
Type of material:
Advantages:
_
Disadvantages:
_
Root Canals
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
O Read the sentences and choose the correct words or
Reading
phrases.
Speaking
correct answers.
1
0 With a partner, act out the
1
2 The dentist needsto seal I expose the area so that bacteria
doesn't get in.
f) Read the patient handout. Then, choose the
these questions.
1 When is it necessaryto do a root canal?
Whatis the purposeof the leaflet?
A to tell dentists how to conduct root canal
treatment
B to explainhow to avoid needing root canal
treatment
C to tell patientswhat to expect during root
canaltreatment
2 How does a dentistconducta rootcanal?
D to tell dentalassistantswhat to do during
root canaltreatment
2 Whichof the following steps does NOTalways
happen?
There is some bad swelling I trauma aroundthe tooth.
3 The dentist will disinfect I fill the tooth with amalgam.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
4 If you don't completely disinfect I expose the area, it mayget
reinfected.
5 The dentist neededto drill throughthe tooth to seal I expose
the pulp.
6 The patient got the abscessfrom some kind of trauma I
antibiotic.
C the dentist sealsthe pulp chamber
What's the problem?
I'll need to ...
I'll make ...
Student A: You are a dentist.Talk
to StudentB about:
7 Ashley has been sufferingfrom a terrible root canal I
toothache lately.
A the dentist fits a dental dam
B the dentist disinfectsthe pulp chamber
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
0 " Listen and read the patient handout again. How does
a dentist restore a tooth after a root canal?
•
why he or she needsa root
canal
•
what you will do during
surgery
•
whetherhe or shewill needa
crown
D the dentist fits a crown
3 Why might a dentist use a post?
A to accessthe pulp chamber
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
B to keepthe pulp chamberdry
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T) or
false (F).
C to irrigatethe pulp chamber
1
D to support a crown
Your tooth is badly infected and you may have an
abscess.You are probablyexperiencingtoothache and
swelling around your tooth. This will stop after the
procedure.
How did it get infected?
Maybebad tooth decayexposed the pulp to bacteria,
or you received trauma to thetooth,for examplefrom a
heavy blow.
The dentistwill fit a dental dam to keep the area freeof
saliva. He will then makean openingthroughthe tooth
to accessthe pulp chamber, and removethe diseased
pulp. Then he will irrigate the pulp chamberand root
canal to disinfect them.Then he will seal the area with
gutta percha, and fill it as normal.
How will the dentist restore my tooth?
Your dentistmay fit a crownontoyourweaktooth.Teeth
which have had a root canal will have a post to give it
extrasupport.
1ill I
[
Listening
Vocabulary
E) Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the
definitions (A-H).
_ The woman has a bad abscess.
2 _ The woman will need to see a differentdentist.
Writing
3 _ The man plans to fit a crown.
0 Use the conversation from
antibiotics
5 _ pulp chamber
2 3 -
root canal
6 _ gutta percha
Dentist: I can easily see the cause of your 1
these X-rays.
abscess
7
Patient: What's the problem?
4 _ trauma
-
dental dam
8 _ post
A the centralpart of the tooth containing
connectivetissues
B a type of white rubber
Task 8 to fill out the dentist's
notes.
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
-
1
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to StudentA about root
canaltreatment.
Dentist: You've got a 2
of your tooth. It's very badly infected.
on
right at the base
Patient: Will you be able to treat it?
Dentist: Yes, of course. I'll need to do a 3
D somethinglong and thin used as a support
Patient: That sounds painful. Can't I just take 4
E a treatmentfor infectedteeth
Dentist: No, I need to get into the 5
your teeth and removeall the infectedtissue.
nee, oruqs"
G a painfulswellingcontainingpus
Thedentistmayprescribe
antibiotics to prevent
infection.
H shock after a painfulexperience
_
Observations:
_
Recommendations:
_
_
C a rubberdevicethat stops the flow of liquids
F drugsthat kill bacteria
Patient:
Patient: Ouch. How will you get to it?
Dentist: I'll make a hole in your tooth. But don't worry, I'll
6
again!
?
in
Extractions
Get ready!
0 Beforeyou read the passage, talk about
these questions.
1
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
Reading
E) Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose
best fits each blank.
1
What are some reasonsfor extracting teeth?
A The dentist prescribed antibiotics to stop the
What is the purpose of the textbook excerpt?
B The
A to explain dental surgery
2 What problems may arise after extractions?
Q With a partner, act out the
bleedingI infection
the correct answers.
B to describe how to remove teeth
_
should stop in about an hour.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
2 openwound I exodontias
C to show why tooth removal is important
Speaking
I need to talk to you about
possible complications.
A In the practical session, students practiced performing
D to talk about gum bleeding
Don't worry.
B The
2 When would a dentist perform a surgical
may cause some discomfort
First, you may get some ...
until it heals over.
extraction?
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk
3 dry socket I bruising
A to remove a broken tooth
to Student B about:
A Bleeding under the skin's surface caused some painful
B to clean the tooth completely
C to remove hard to reach teeth
B Poor blood flow to the area caused painful
D to fix damaged teeth
3 What is usually happens after an extraction?
_________
extraction.
_________
extraction.
D The wound is dry and bruised.
Inaccessible teeth require surgical extractions. These
usually require an incision. The dentist elevates the soft
tissues covering the tooth and jawbone with a drill or
osteotome.He or she may section the tooth into multiple
pieces to remove it.
Bleeding is common after extractions, but usually
decreases after an hour. The open woundtakes about a
week to heal. Minor complicationsinclude infection,
swelling and bruising. Dry socketmay follow the removal
of lower wisdom teeth. This occurs as a result of poor blood
supply to the area.
how long the complications
will last
•
what can be done about the
complications
B The tooth is easy to access so we can perform a
C There is poor blood supply and infection.
Two categories of extraction include simple and surgical
extractions. Dentists perform the former on visible teeth.
The dentist simply uses forceps to grasp the tooth, rock it
back and forth to loosen it and remove it.
•
_
A The tooth is inaccessible so we'll need to perform a
B The mouth is dry and bruised.
An exodontiais the formal term for a dental extraction.
Dentists perform exodontias for a number of reasons,
including tooth decay.The extraction of impactedwisdom
teeth is also commonplace.
what complications may
happen after the extraction
4 simpleI surgical
A There is bleeding and swelling.
Vocabulary
Q Write a word that is similar in meaning to
•
0 g Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. How
StudentB: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about
complications after an extraction.
does a dentist perform a simple extraction?
the underlined part.
Listening
Writing
1
0 g Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
0 Use the textbook excerpt and
The dentist used a tool for cutting bone during
the surgical extraction.
_s __ o
_
2 Use the forceps to grab and hold the tooth
firmly.
__ a __
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
1
_ The man hasn't extracted the tooth yet.
2 _ The man mentions two different complications.
3 The surgery went well. There were no problems
the conversation from Task 8
to fill out the test paper.
3 _ The woman no longer wants the man to extract her teeth.
1. Name two complications that
may arise after an extraction.
or difficulties.
_o __ l __ a
_
4 I'm going to make a small cut in the soft tissue.
_n
i __
5 The patient's wisdom tooth is badly wedged
between another tooth and the jaw.
m __ c
_
6 Susan has an appointment for a tooth removal
at ten o'clock.
7
e
t
t
If the dental assistant pulls and pushes the
tooth from side to side, it will come loose.
_o
_
G g Listen again and complete the conversation.
--- ---Patient: 1
2. How long do these complications
last?
? You mean something might go
wrong?
Dentist: Don't worry. Most complications are 2
. And
in many cases there are no problems at all.
Patient: Okay, so 3
happen?
Dentist: Well, first of all, you may get some 4
. In
most cases, this will go away after an hour.
3. Is treatment necessary for these
two conditions?
Patient: Oh, I expected that.
Dentist: You may get some 5
_____
Patient: But that will 6
-----
, too.
, won't it?
19
Gum Disease
GUM DISEASE
Many adults suffer from periodontal disease in
some form. The mild form of gum disease is
gingivitis. Your gums may get swollen and
bleed easily. Cleaning regularly can stop this
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
B The patient had two
Dentist can perform deep cleaning procedures
to halt gum disease. Scaling removes tartar
above and below the gumline. Root planing
removes rough spots on the tooth
root. The dentist may prescribe
medications such as gels
and antibiotics.
If these do not work,
you may need surgery.
Flap surgery involves
lifting the gums to
remove tartar
beneath. A bone graft
or tissue graft may be
necessary if there is a
loss of bone or tissue.
1
What are the causes of gum disease?
2 What are some ways of preventing
gum disease?
Reading
A People can prevent
B to explain gum disease
C to describe tartar build-up
D to explain deep tooth cleaning
2 What can happen if you don't keep your teeth
clean?
A your teeth will fall out
Vocabulary
6) Match the words or phrases (1-7) with the
definitions (A-G).
1
_ bone graft
B The oral surgeon will perform a
D cause the gums to swell
_
•
what gingivitis is
to remove this
•
what will happen if it gets
worse
•
what he or she should do
A A good mouthwash will get rid of
B The dentist did a
tartar on the roots of the teeth.
0 " Listen and read the information in the brochure
Student B: You are a patient. Talk
again. What are some ways to treat periodontitis?
to Student A about gingivitis.
Listening
Writing
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
€) Use the conversation from
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
Task 8 to fill out the patient
report.
G
Patient Report
f) " Listen again and complete the conversation.
2 _ scaling
6 _
Patient: What's that?
3 _ pocket
7 _ gingivitis
4
/\
The woman books the man for a scaling.
Name:----------~
periodontitis
medication
B the space between the gum and the tooth
C prescribe medication
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
3 root planing/ halitosis
Dentist: I see you have some 1
A lifting gums to enable plaque removal
A create pockets between teeth
B remove teeth
to
replace some gum tissue.
5 _ flap surgery
C you will get a form of gum disease
3 How might a dentist treat gum disease?
You need to ...
and flossing.
3
B scaling will remove parts of the gum
D removal of teeth will be needed
If you don't ...
by brushing
2 _ The man has not noticed any bleeding.
correct answers.
A to describe tooth decay
Have you noticed ... ?
The man has a mild form of gum disease.
Q Read the brochure. Then, choose the
What is the purpose of the brochure?
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
teeth.
2 tissue graft I periodontal disease
How do dentists treat gum disease?
about these questions.
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
A The dentist saw that the patient's gums are starting to
If you don't keep your teeth clean, the problem
may advance to periodontitis. This causes
gums to recede from the teeth. The patient may
suffer from halitosis. Spaces form around the
teeth, called pockets. Eventually, the teeth
become loose and can fall out.
0 Before you read the passage, talk
0 With a partner, act out the
loose I recede
getting worse.
Get ready!
Speaking
best fits each blank.
C the removal of tartar from under and around the
gums
D replacing bone which has worn away
E a gum disease where gums recede from the
Dentist:
It's a kind of 2
_
Observations:
_
Action:
_
. It's mild at the
moment, but it can get worse.
I
Patient: I haven't noticed any problems.
Dentist: Really? Have you noticed any 3
when you
brush your teeth?
Patient: Oh, well, maybe a bit. I didn't think it was a problem.
Dentist: That's an early sign of 4
don't look after your teeth more, it may 5
. If you
_
I
rl
I
Recommendations:
teeth
F a gum infection causing swelling and bleeding
G pills and medicines
Patient: What happens then?
Dentist: Your gums start to 6
and your teeth become
loose. You also get bad breath.
21
TMJ Pro ems
0 Read the sentences and choose the correct words.
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
1
Hannah always clenches I pops her teeth when she's angry.
these questions.
2
If you spin round and round, you'll feel nauseated/ dizzy.
1
3 The patient's jaw clicks I clenches when she opens her mouth.
What is temporomandibular joint syndrome?
4 John's jaw locked I popped loudly when he yawned.
2 What are some ways to treat
temporomandibularjoint syndrome?
5
f} Read the journal article. Then, choose the
correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the journal article?
7 After mastication I bruxism, the food is small enough to
A to talk about treatments and problems with
chewing
8 The woman complained about disc I pain in her jaw.
C to explain why the jaw pops when opening
and closing
D to learn about problems with the TMJ and
their causes
Future
Advances
in Diagnosis
and Therapy
feel so dizzy I nauseated, as if I could vomit at any time.
6 The dentist examined the patient's jaw when it popped /
locked closed.
B to describe how the TMJ absorbs the stress
of chewing
Syndrome:
1
2 What kinds of problem involve the TMJ?
A pain in the jaw, neck, head or ears
D eroded jaw bone and cartilage
0 g, Listen and read the journal article again. What are
some causes of TMJ syndrome?
Listening
0 g, Listen to a conversation
patient. Mark the following
false (F).
between a dentist and a
statements as true (T1 or
1
_ The man's jaw clicked when he opened his mouth.
3 _ The man grinds his teeth when he is stressed.
B chewing too strongly
Journal of Dentistry, Issue 57, Vol 3.
D causing the joint to pop voluntarily
8 g, Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist:
Vocabulary
Problems can arise in the TMJ including pain in the jaw, head,
face, ears or neck. The jaw can lock in position, or become
difficult to open and close. The sufferer may hear a pop or a
click when biting and chewing. He may also feel dizzy or
nauseated.
3 _ cartilage
There are several causes of TMJ syndrome. First, internal
trauma, including bruxism and clenching the jaw, can change
tooth alignment and inflame muscles. Macrotrauma can
damage the cartilage disc or dislocate the jaw. Osteoarthritis
and rheumatoid arthritis can also erode the bone, causing
TMJ syndrome.
22
E) Match the words or phrases (1- 7) with the
definitions
1
(A-G).
_ temporal bone
2 _ rheumatoid arthritis
4
mandible
disc
C a strong, stretchy tissue found in the joints
F a disease of inflammation in the joints
when you
Have you had any headaches, or 3
_____
in your ears or jaw?
•
whether his or her jaw clicks
•
whether he or she gets and
headaches
•
whether he or she clenches
his/her teeth
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about TMJ
syndrome.
0 Use the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the patient
report.
Patient Report
_
Dentist:
Well, it's not uncommon to get problems in the joint here.
It's called the temporomandibular joint. It connects your
5
- that's your jaw - to your skull.
Patient:
So why do people get problems there?
Dentist:
Well, problems arise from grinding the teeth, or
6
. Do you do that?
Patient:
A bit, when I'm stressed at work. What can you do about
D grinding the teeth
E something with a round, flat shape
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
Observations:
---------
Patient: A little bit. Only in the mornings though. It normally
4
by midday. Why?
A degradation of joint tissue and bone
B bone on the side of the skull
You could have ...
Patient: Yes, I do.
osteoarthritis
bruxism
Have you had any headaches?
so loudly. Did
Dentist: Yes, I did hear a 2
opened your mouth. Do you get that a lot?
Dentist:
5 6 7 -
My jaw clicked ...
Open wide!
Patient: Okay ... my 1
you hear that?
The temporomandibular joint {TMJ) connects the mandible
to the temporal bone. Muscles in this joint allow mastication
and speech. The jawbone moves in three ways. Hinge action
allows the mouth to open and close. Gliding action allows the
mouth to widen. Rotation allows it to move in a circular motion.
Chewing creates a strong force, but a soft disc of cartilage in
the TMJ absorbs and distributes the shock.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Writing
C opening the mounth too wide
K. A. Duncan, N. Willis and K. R. Stratham
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
2 _ The man does not get headaches or earache.
3 What can cause TMJ syndrome?
A internal trauma, and macrotrauma
0 With a partner, act out the
swallow.
B softened cartilage in the joint
C an inability to clench the jaw or chew
Speaking
Action: -----------
Recommendations:
-------
it?
G the jawbone
2
ra
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase
f) Read the extract from the webpage. Then,
viral infection I fungal infection
1
What is the purpose of the website?
A A
is an infection that results from a virus.
A to advise people on how to avoid oral
B A
is one that results from fungi.
What are some different causes of infections in
infections
B to train dental workers in oral infections
antibiotics?
B It's a
even while on medication.
C measles
B herpes simplex
D chicken pox
cheeks?
4
A They are a sign of herpes.
C They can be treated with antibiotics.
D They are a type of fungal infection.
•
Maybe it's herpes simplex. This is a chronic viral
infection, and it's very contagious. Cold sores are a
sign of mild herpes. You may get similar ulcers if you
have measles or chicken pox. Medication is
available, but the problem can recur.
There are white spots inside my lip.
•
-,
It sounds like the fungal infection, thrush. It can be
treated with antifungal medication.
I've got painful ulcers on the roof of my mouth.-
-,
•
l
2
Canker sores like these result from a virus or stress.
They disappear after about two weeks.
I've got blisters inside my cheeks, and they keep_
popping.
on the side of her mouth.
B Bruce has a nasty
his new boots.
on his feet because of
part.
I want to buy some gel to put on a painful white
2 The white patches are caused by a fungal
infection in the mouth.
__ r __ h
3 The woman's mouth was filled with large
blisters full of fluid.
b
e
4 Amy has a painful open sore which isn't healing
naturally on her gum.
_ I c __
5 The child has a fever and itchy blisters on her
skin at the moment.
_h __ k
Don't share a toothbrush, because the disease
had
_
Vesicles and bullae like these are symptoms of
disease, and require a consultation with your doctor.
where the ulcers are
•
whether he or she is feeling
stressed
•
what he or she should do next
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about your
mouth ulcers.
on the
Writing
in the mouth?
0 Use the conversation from
Listening
Task 8 to fill out the patient
report.
0 " Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
patient. Mark the following
false (F).
statements
as true (T1 or
/'
J
_ The woman has ulcers on her gums.
2 _ The woman has been feeling stressed lately.
L\
D
Patient Report
3 _ The man prescribes some antibiotics.
8 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
I Dentist:
Hmm ... yes. 1
are a
common sign of stress, and it can be hard to make
)
Observations:
_
Recommendations:
_
them go away.
Patient:
I know, but the thing is, I'm not 2
_____
at the moment.
Dentist:
Okay. Well, I can take a look. 3
_____
the sores?
Patient:
On the 4
-----,
•
_
B The patient had lots of small, white
inside of her cheek.
is easy to catch from another person.
_ o __ a
•
A Sue had to take her daughter to the doctor because she
o_
6 A doctor can easily treat this disease caused b.Y
bacteria with antibiotics.
_a
r
n __ c
n
----i
Student A. You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
measles I vesicles
ways to treat infections
ulcer in my mouth.
an
s
7
.--~~~~~~~~~~
0 " Listen and read the webpage again. What are some
Vocabulary
meaning to the underlined
- ....1 I have white ulcers with red edges on my tongue.•
I don't understand.
so it does not go away
A Jenny has a nasty
B They are more serious than other conditions.
E) Write a word or phrase that is similar in
I
Let me take a look.
3 cold sore I blister
A scarlet fever
3 What can be inferred about blisters inside the
It's probably a bacterial infection, like scarlet fever.
Your doctor can treat this with antibiotics.
, so
he often gets sores inside his mouth.
2 Which of the following can be treated with
•
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I keep getting these ...
A The patient suffers from
D to help ordinary people diagnose infections
1
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
2 herpes simplex I chronic infection
C to allow patients to order medication
My tongue is red and sore.
0 With a partner, act out the
choose the correct answers.
the mouth?
2 What are some ways to treat these infections?
sores are a
sign of an
Infection. But
what type of
Infection is it?
Speaking
best fits each blank.
_
_
I
_
just here.
Dentist:
I see. You have lots of 5
a couple of rather 6
Patient:
What do you think the problem is?
and
, too.
Oral Cancer
0 Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases:
Get ready!
oral cancer
l'1'', ,;, 1 i,t •"a# ,J ,., au,1•. 1
0 Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
What are some signs of oral
hat is it?------~-
2 How can dentists check for
oral cancer?
Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the
body. These invade in any part of the mouth.
at are the symptoms? --~
2 The bleeding will soon stop and a
over the wound.
4 The tumor's
.
(growth) ¢
c=.::.>
- How can we treat cancer? -----1
Surgeons remove the tumor. Then, the patient receives
radiation therapy or chemotherapy to destroy any
remaining cancer cells.
Incision line-,
... is coming in for a biopsy.
was prevented with medical
5 The patient had some
6
It's not
swallowing.
for tobacco users to develop mouth
cancer.
_
~~'~...-:.!~~.l-...!u ..• • • •
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
•
a patient who needs a biopsy
•
what the patient's symptoms
are
•
what you will need for the
biopsy
on her inner cheek.
0 g Listen and read the pamphlet again. What are some
ways to treat oral cancer?
Listening
0 g Listen to a conversation between a dentist and an
assistant.
Mark the following
statements as true (T) or
false (F).
3
Writing
Task 8 to fill out the dentist's
notes.
2 _ The patient has a speckled patch in her mouth.
···=t •• ·~ ••• ••••tt
Student B: You are an assistant.
Talk to Student A about a patient's
biopsy.
0 Use the conversation from
_ The man rarely performs biopsies.
-..!! .,.
It may just be ...
treatment.
7 The woman had a red and white speckled
During your check-up, your dentist will check for the
cancer symptoms. If he sees anything suspicious, he
may conduct a brush biopsy. This involves taking a
small sample of the tissue and analyzing it for abnormal
cells. Alternatively, a specialist will carry out a scalpel
biopsy to find out if the growth is cancerous.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I think you meant to say ...
ow do professionals diagnose it?
c:)
will form
3 The dentist revealed that the lump on the patient's tongue was
a sore throat.
C)
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
common symptoms of a cold are a runny nose and a
Oral cancer appears as a growth or sore that does
not go away. Sufferers may have rough, eroded crusts
or speckled patches in the mouth. They may have
difficulty chewing or swallowing. They may also have
<D
0 With a partner, act out the
1
1
cancer?
Speaking
growth, abnormal, cancerous, crust, difficulty, patch, sore
throat.
_ The man is going to do a scalpel biopsy.
Vocabulary
ing
Read the pamphlet. Then, choose the
correct answers.
E) Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the
definitions (A-H).
What is the main purpose of the pamphlet?
1
A to discuss oral sores and cancer
2 _ tumor
6 _ chemotherapy
B to explain the growth of cells
3 _ tissue
7 _ scalpel biopsy
C to talk about abnormal oral cells
4 _ sample
8
D to give an overview of oral cancer
2 What are crusts and patches a sign of?
A a sore throat
C infection
B a sore or growth
D oral cancer
_ radiation therapy
5 _ brush biopsy
A it is performed along with another biopsy
B it is one of the options of biopsy available
C it is sometimes used after another biopsy
D it is the more usual biopsy performed
Dentist's
Notes
Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist: At ten o'clock, Mrs. Webb is coming in for a
1
_
Date:---~~--~~~
Time:
Assistant: A biopsy? You don't do many of those.
Dentist:
sore
No. Thankfully, we don't get many patients with
in their mouths.
2
A the removal of cells for examination using a
scalpel
Assistant: I'm surprised you didn't refer her to a 3
Dentist:
B the removal of cells for examination using a
Dentist:
Assistant:
F cells that make up plant or animal material
G a small part, representative of the whole part
H a raw, painful place on the body
Patient:
_
Symptoms:
_
Procedure:
_
Well, to tell the truth, I'm not sure this lady's
Assistant: No? Why not?
D a swelling caused by tissue growth
E a treatment using chemicals
_
~-----
4-~~~-----------
brush
C a treatment using radioactivity
3 What is implied about scalpel biopsy?
e"
Dentist:
L
Well, she has a 5
inner lip. It may just be a fungal infection.
on her
It's better to be safe than sorry.
I agree. So, I'm going to do a simple brush biopsy to get
a sample of the tissues. So I need the 6
_
ready.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Before you read the passage, talk
about these questions.
Reading
f} Read the website. Then, choose the correct
0 Read the sentences and choose the correct words or
phrases.
0 With a partner, act out the
The tooth was growing in sideways I avulsed.
answers.
1
1
What is the purpose of the website?
2 The dentist treated the cyst I lacerations with antibiotics.
A to direct people to the nearest surgeon
3 The oral surgeon closed the laceration I sinus graft with
What are some oral and maxillofacial
procedures?
C to describe what procedures are available
oral and maxillofacial surgery?
D to describe the surgeon's qualifications
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
stitches.
B to compare different surgeons' treatments
2 When might people require
4 Fiona saw an oral surgeon I orthognathic surgery about her
wisdom tooth.
5
2 What kind of surgery enlarges the ridge of the
B a ridge expansion
It sounds as if I'll be in safe
hands then!
D orthognathic surgery
•
what you can see in the X-ray
•
why the tooth needs to be
removed
patient. Mark the following statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
•
who will do the surgery
1
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about your
wisdom tooth.
plasty.
B Dr. Price only performs it in complicated
cases.
Listening
0 ~ Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
_ The man is an oral surgeon.
2 _ The woman needs to have a wisdom tooth removed.
D It is a common treatment for a cleft palate.
3 _
Dr. Price can perform the following procedures:
Wisdom Tooth Removal
9 Match the words or phrases (1-7) with the
Wisdom teeth may grow sideways, or remain trapped beneath
the gum and bone. Poorly positioned and partially erupted teeth
can cause cysts and infections to develop, affecting healthy
teeth. Removal of wisdom teeth will eliminate such problems.
definitions (A-G).
Facial Trauma
3 _ ridge expansion
Dr. Price is a skilled oral surgeon, trained in treating injuries
such as lacerations, avulsed teeth and fractures.
4 _ sinus graft
Sinus grafts
6 _ orthognathic surgery
When upper teeth are removed, a sinus graft may be
necessary to hold dental implants in place. In severe cases,
Dr. Price will conduct a ridge expansion to increase the
dimensions of the bony ridge of the jaw.
7 _
Dr. Price treated the patient's brother.
Writing
0 ~ Listen again and complete the conversation.
0 Use the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the dentist's
Dentist: Looking at this X-ray, I can see why you keep
having problems with your 1
_
_ cleft palate
2 _ cleft lip
5 _ sleep apnea
UPPP
A knocked out by force
B surgery to add bone to the upper jaw
C widening of the bone ridge to support implants
Dr. Price can perform a uvulo-palato-pharyngo-plasty (UPPP)
to treat this condition. In more complex cases, orthognathic
surgery is recommended.
D a split in the roof of the mouth
Cleft Lip & Palate
F a split in the upper lip
Dr. Price is qualified to surgically treat cleft lips and cleft
palates. Dr. Price has had great success in improving the
appearance of the mouth and restoring its functions.
grafts and ridge expansions necessary?
C Dr. Price does not carry it out himself.
Vocabulary
Sleep Apnea
0 ~ Listen and read the website again. When are sinus
Studerr A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
A It is cheaper than a uvulo-palato-pharyngo­
1
Looking at this X-ray, I can
see why ...
C UPPP
3 What can be inferred about orthognathic surgery?
1
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
/s that why ... ?
The tooth hasn't emerged because it is trapped I lacerated
behind another one.
jaw?
A a sinus graft
Speaking
E surgery to remove tissue in the throat
G surgery to correct the jaw and face
H when breathing temporarily stops during sleep
Patient: What's the matter?
Dentist: It isn't erupting properly because it's 2
_____
the next tooth.
_
Patient: Is that why it keeps getting infected?
Dentist: Yes. That's why you keep getting those 3
_____
. We'll need to remove it.
_
Patient: I was worried you would say that.
Patient's Name:
_
Problem:
_
Dentist: It's nothing to worry about. You can have it done under
sedation.
Patient: Will you extract it here?
Dentist: No, our 4
, Dr. Price, will do it.
Procedure Required:
_
Comments:
_
Patient: Oh yes. I know him. He treated my nephew's
5
_
Dentist: Did he? Yes, he does all kinds of surgery. He performed
a6
on my grandmother.
Anesthesia
0 Fill in the blan~s wi~h the correct words:
0ocal anesthetic J
Dental anesthesiology offers patients and medical
professionalsnumerouschoices for treatment. These
choices are based on procedures. Most dental procedures
only requirea topical anesthetic or local anesthetic.
Benzocaine and lidocaine are the most common
examplesof both. Benzocaineis produced as an ointment
gel. Dental care professionalsapply it to the gums. It numbs
a small area in the mouth. Lidocaine is a liquid. Dentists
inject it into the gums. It is capable of numbing an entire
section of the mouth. Benzocainehelps prepare an area for
0 Before you read the passage,
Dentistsuse general anesthetic for more
serious procedures,such as surgery.
Generalanesthetic causes a patient to
become unconscious. In some cases,
intravenous liquids are administered during
generalanesthesia.Sedation is not
always necessary.In these instances,
nitrous oxide is a good option. Nitrous
oxide, or laughinggas, is inhaled. It
acts as a block on the nervous system.
The patient remainsawake during
procedure, but feels no discomfort.
2
Manufacturers produce lidocaine as a gel or
a(n)
solution.
3
Laughing gas is
face mask connected to a tube.
4 Karen was
What is dental anesthesiology and what is its
purpose?
2 What are some common types of anesthetics?
0 " Listen and read the textbook excerpt
again. Which substances
block?
lidocaine
5 _ topical anesthetic
6 _
3 _ nitrous oxide
7 _ general
1
4 _ local anesthetic
sensation
B the practice of using medications that cause
D a comparison of benzocaine and lidocaine
A benzocaine
B laughing gas
C lidocaine
D nitrous oxide
3 How does nitrous oxide work?
loss of consciousness or feeling
C a gas that eliminates pain and creates feelings
of pleasure
D a topical anesthetic often used before an
injection
E a substance that is used to create insensibility
to pain
A It numbs a small area in the mouth.
B It numbs a large section in the mouth.
C It causes a patient to become unconscious.
D It acts as a block on the nervous system.
F
a jelly or ointment which is used to numb the
surface of a body part
G a local anesthetic that creates numbness in the
mouth
What exactly are ... ? I I think I'd prefer ...
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
•
•
types of dental anesthetics
•
how to take certain anesthetics
the effects of anesthetics
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A
Listening
(l) \I Listen to a conversation
between a
dentist and a patient. Mark the following
statements as true (T) or false (F).
Lidocaine prepares patients for an injection
of benzocaine.
Writing
0 Use the textbook excerpt and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill out the
chart.
The woman does not like to receive
injections.
Name
0 \I Listen again and complete the
conversation.
Benzocaine
anesthesiology
A a drug that causes temporary absence of
B why a general anesthetic is used
2 Which of the following is an intravenous liquid?
general anesthetic
First, I'm going to apply ...
about dental anesthetics and your concerns
about taking them.
3
2 _ benzocaine
C how local anesthetics are taken
can act as a
E) Match the words or phrases (1- 7) with the
Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose
the correct answers.
A the types of anesthetics in dentistry
is necessary for most
2 _ Benzocaine is an ointment gel.
_
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
about:
Vocabulary
Reading
What is the main idea of the excerpt?
during her wisdom
surgical procedures.
_
definitions (A-G).
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
through a
tooth extraction.
talk about these questions.
1
Speaking
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
Non-dental nerves can also be numbed during
a(n)
_
5
a lidocaineinjection.
Get ready!
block, unconscious, intravenous, sedation,
inhaled.
Dentist: First, I'm going to apply 1
_
to your gumline. That'll then prepare you
Lidocaine
for an injection of lidocaine.
Patient: What exactly are 2
_____
Nitrous Oxide
_
? I mean, what do they do?
Dentist: Benzocaine is a 3 --------.
It's an ointment gel. It'll
numb you a bit. It may taste bad at first,
but you'll get to rinse your mouth out.
Patient: Okay. So, it acts as a 4
_
Dentist: Right. Lidocaine has stronger effects. It is
a5
. You'll need
it to avoid feeling pain while I'm drilling.
Patient: So, lidocaine is an 6
drug?
Type of
Anesthetic
Effects
Medication
0 Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases from
dy'
the word bank.
in dentistry?
prescription.
Treatments for Infections
• Antibiotics, such as penicillin, can help prevent infections after dental
procedures.
• Chlorhexidine helps to control plaque and prevent gingivitis. Side effects
may include tooth discoloration.
• Tetracycline helps to treat periodontal disease.
• Antifungals help to treat thrush, or yeast in the mouth.
over-the-counter
i
I
I
I
I
}
•
antiseptic
prescription
muscle relaxant
antifungal
over-the-counter
• Over-the-counter pain relievers, including acetaminophen and
ibuprofen, treat minor toothaches.
• Corticosteroids relieve discomfort and redness in the mouth.
• For severe pain, narcotics such as muscle relaxants are available by
2 What are the uses of medication
,._;·- -
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
Pain Medication
What are some examples of
over-the-counter medication?
Q With a partner, act out the
There are several types of medications used in dentistry.
Most help to treat pain and infections.
Before you read the passage, talk
about these questions.
J\·lcdica.
Some medications can prevent dental problems. Fluoride toothpastes,
for example, help patients avoid dental cavities. Prescription-strength
fluoride is also available, if recommended by a dentist. Antiseptic
rinses can reduce plaque and kill bad breath germs. Lastly, saliva
substitutes, such as pilocarpine, treat dry mouth. Dry mouth
leads to growth of bacteria. To help with this, various sprays
and pilocarpine tablets are available.
•@Mi®iMiiName Address
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I'm going to prescribe ...
A(n)
is often used to relieve back pain.
2
Benzocaine is often sold
help relieve sore gums and toothaches.
to
3
Hydrogen peroxide is a common
_
4 Jill used a(n)
5
to purchase
•
uses of medication
•
over-the-counter medications
•
how to take certain medication
You need a(n)
certain medications.
common ways to prevent oral infections?
Student B: You are a patient.
Talk to Student A about the uses
of medication and possible
alternatives.
Listening
0 g Listen to a conversation between a dentist and a
statements as true (T) or
What is the main idea of the article?
A different types of dental procedures
B types of over-the-counter muscle
relaxants
C types of medications used to treat the
mouth
fluoride
5 _ tetracycline
2 _ penicillin
6
-
corticosteroid
3 _ ibuprofen
7 -
chlorhexidine
4 _ pilocarpine
8 _ acetaminophen
A drugs used to protect teeth, eliminate bacteria, and
relieve canker sores
D a comparison of gingivitis and
periodontal disease
2 Which of the following does NOT treat
pain?
A ibuprofen
B penicillin
-
B a drug that works by reducing hormones that cause
inflammation
C an antibiotic which controls plaque and gingivitis
D an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer
C acetaminophen
D corticosteroids
3 Which medication helps to treat dry
mouth?
E a medication which reduces inflammation and
redness in the gums
F a substance which helps prevent tooth decay
G a drug that is prescribed to patients who have dry
Writing
0 Use the conversation from
_ Antifungal medications help to treat thrush.
2 _ Some antifungal medications are sold over-the-counter.
1
1
Nothing else will .
0 g Listen and read the article again. What are some
1
Read the article. Then, choose the
correct answers.
?
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk
to Student B about:
false (F).
Vocabulary
E) Match the words (1-8) with the definitions (A-H).
Do I really need
medication to
treat her cold sore.
patient. Mark the following
Reading
Speaking
Task 8 to fill out the
prescription.
3 _ Rinsing with antiseptics can prevent future infections.
0 g Listen again and complete the conversation.
Prescription
Dentist: I'm going to prescribe an 1
Physician Name:
medication.
It'll help treat your thrush.
Patient: Do I really need a 2
Patient Name:
?
Dentist: I'm afraid so. Why do you ask? Do you have any
Prescription:
concerns?
Patient: Well, are there any 3
_
?
Dentist: No, it's a very mild 4
. You shouldn't have
any problems.
Patient: Still, are there any 5
_
_____
medications you'd recommend?
Usage Directions:
_
Dentist: No. I need to prescribe this treatment. Nothing else will
get rid of the 6
_
mouth
A pilocarpine
C ibuprofen
B antifungal
D tetracycline
H a group of antibiotics used to treat bacterial
infections
33
Glossary
abnormal [ADJ-U12JIf something is abnormal, it is unusual.
checkup [N-COUNT-U1J A checkup is a medical examination by a medical professional to make sure you have no
health problems.
..
b
[N-COUNT-U7]An abscess is a painful swelling containing pus.
a scess
.
h
. an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer.
acetaminophen [N-UNCOUNT-U15JAcetammop en is
.
.
.
.
. ·
· d
d it has existed for some time and 1s therefore more serious.
advanced [ADJ-U5] If a medical condition 1s a vance ,
.
alignment [N-UNCOUNT-U4]Alignment is the relative positioning of two or more things.
.
·
·
ture
of
mercury
and
another
metal,
often
used
to
fill
teeth.
amalgam [N-COUNT-U6]An ama I gam 1s a mix
.
.
anesthetic [N-COUNT-U6]An anesthetic is a drug which prevents people from feeling pain.
antibiotic [N-COUNT-U7]An antibiotic is a drug that kills bacteria and prevents infection.
.
chemotherapy (N-UNCOUNT-U12J Chemotherapy
chicken pox [N-UNCOUNT-U11 J Chicken pox is a viral infection which causes fever and itchy blisters on the skin.
chlorhexidine [N-UNCOUNT-U15J Chlorhexidine is an antibiotic, often in the form of a mouthwash whi h
t
· · · · · h
,
1c con ro 1 s
d
plaque an g1ng1v1t1s in t e mouth and in spaces between the gums and teeth.
chronic [ADJ-U11 J If a disease or infection is chronic, it continues for a long time.
cleft lip [N-COUNT-U13J A cleft lip is a congenital split in the upper lip.
..
antifungal [ADJ-U15] If a medication is antifungal, it destroys fungi or inhibits its growth, as 1.n the case of fun~1c1des.
antiseptic [N-COUNT-U15]An antiseptic is a solution that prevents or limits the growth of rrucroorqarusrns in l1v1ng
tissue.
appliance [N-COUNT-U3]An appliance is an instrument or device, usually operated by an electric or gas current,
which performs a function.
cleft palate [N-COUNT-U13J A cleft palate is a congenital split in the roof of the mouth.
clench [V-T-U10JTo clench something is to shut it tightly and rigidly.
click [V-1-U1 OJ To click is to make a short sound.
cold sore [N-COUNT-U11 J A cold sore is an infection on the side of the mouth, caused by a virus.
complication
[N-COUNT-U8J A complication is a problem or difficulty after treatment or surgery.
arch [N-COUNT-U3JAn arch is the curve of a row of teeth.
composite [N-COUNT-U6J A composite is a material made from several different substances.
artificial [ADJ-U3] If something is artificial, it is a man-made object that is based on a natural model.
comprehensive [ADJ-U1J If something is comprehensive,
avulsed tooth [ADJ-U13J An avulsed tooth was a tooth removed through extraction or force.
computed tomography [N-UNCOUNT-U2J Computed tomography, also known as CT scanning, is a type of X-ray
performed in hospitals to identify problems in the bones of the face, particularly tumors and fractures, using three­
dimensional imagery.
bacterial infection [N-COUNT-U11]A bacterial infection is a disease caused by bacteria.
benzocaine [N-UNCOUNT-U14]Benzocaine is a topical anesthetic often used before an injection.
bitewing X-ray [N-COUNT-U2]A bitewing X-ray shows the upper and lower teeth in one area of the mouth, from the
crown to the supporting bone, in order to detect decay, bone loss due to gum disease, and to determine the
proper fit for a crown.
bleeding [N-UNCOUNT-U8]Bleeding is when blood continues to flow from an open vein.
blister [N-COUNT-U11]A blister is a painful bubble on the skin filled with serum.
block [N-COUNT-U14]A block is the interruption of impulses along a nerve, usually caused by local anesthesia.
bone graft [N-COUNT-U9]A bone graft is when worn away bone is replaced with bone from elsewhere in the body.
braces [N-COUNT-U4]Braces are fixed orthodontic appliances that move teeth into the correct position.
bridge [N-COUNT-U3]A bridge is composed of a short row of prosthetic teeth used to replace missing natural teeth.
bruising [N-UNCOUNT-U8JBruising is bleeding beneath the surface of the skin, which makes it dark colored and sore
to touch
brush biopsy [N-COUNT-U12JA brush biopsy is when a professional takes a sample of cells for examination from an
unusual growth, using a brush.
it is thorough and covers all the aspects of something.
contagious [ADJ-U11J If a disease is contagious, it passes easily from person to person.
corticosteroid [N-COUNT-U15J A corticosteroid is a medication available only by prescription which reduces
inflammation and redness in the gums.
crossbite [N-COUNT-U4] A crossbite is when the upper teeth meet the lower teeth directly, rather than being slightly
forward of the lower ones.
crown [N-COUNT-U3J A crown is an individual prosthetic tooth, often made from metal, gold, porcelain, or a
combination of elements, which is used to replace a missing or damaged tooth.
crust [N-COUNT-U12J A crust is a rough, hard surface.
cure [V-T-U6J To cure something is to use a light beam to harden it.
cyst [N-COUNT-U13J A cyst is an abnormal cavity containing fluid.
decay [N-UNCOUNT-U1J Decay is the slow destruction of something due to natural, chemical changes.
deformity [N-COUNT-U4J A deformity is an incorrect or abnormal shape.
bruxism [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Bruxism is the grinding of the teeth.
dental anesthesiology [N-UNCOUNT-U14J Dental anesthesiology is the practice of using anesthesia, or medications
that can cause loss of consciousness or sensation, to control pain during general dental procedures or oral surgery.
bulla [N-COUNT-U11JA bulla is a large blister.
dental dam [N-COUNT-U7J A dental dam is a rubber device that stops the flow of saliva and other liquids around the
bumper [N-COUNT-U4JA bumper is a removable orthodontic appliance, used to keep lips and cheeks away from the
teeth.
cancer [N-UNCOUNT-U1JCancer is a serious disease where a group of cells begin to grow in an uncontrolled way.
cancerous [ADJ-U12JIf something is cancerous, it contains invasive, damaging cells.
canker sore (N-COUNT-U11JA canker sore is an ulcer in the mouth.
caries [N-UNCOUNT-U5]Caries is decay in the teeth or bones.
cartilage [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Cartilage is a strong stretchy tissue found at the joints.
cavity [N-COUNT-U5]A cavity is a hole in the teeth caused by tooth decay.
mouth.
dentures [N-COUNT-U3J Dentures are removable or fixed prosthetic teeth which are used by people who have lost all
or most of their teeth.
diagnose [V-T-U1J To diagnose something is to do an examination or to perform tests in order to find out what health
issues a person has.
difficulty [N-UNCOUNT-U12J One has difficulty doing something when it is not easy.
disc [N-COUNT-U1 OJ A disc is something with a round, flat shape.
discoloration [N-UNCOUNT-U5J Discoloration is when something is no longer its original color.
cephalometric projection (N-COUNT-U2JA
h 1
·
·
·
·
h' h
.
.
.
cep a ometnc pro1ect1on rs a type of X-ray, usually used in orthodontics,
w re examines the teeth m relation to the jaw and profile.
disinfect [V-T-U7JTo disinfect something is to make it free from infection.
ceramic [ADJ-U6JIf something is ceramic, it is made from heated clay.
dry socket [N-UNCOUNT-UBJ Dry socket is a condition which may occur after extractions, when a blood clot fails to
dizzy [ADJ-U1 OJ If someone feels dizzy, he or she feels unsteady.
form, leaving exposed bone.
4
is a treatment, often of cancer, using chemicals.
Glossary
erosion [N-UNCOUNT-U5]Erosion is the process by which something wears away.
.
·
·
· d th
lity value or importance of something.
evaluate [V-T-U1] To evaluate something rs to carefully JU ge e qua ,
.
·
th·
· t look at it carefully and thoroughly in order to learn more about it.
examine [V-T-U1] To examine some 1ng rs o
exodontia [N-COUNT-UBJ An exodontia is a formal term for a tooth extraction.
expose [V-T-U7] To expose something is make it visible and accessible.
.
exposure [N-UNCOUNT-U2]Exposure is the condition of being unprotected from something harmful.
·infection [N-COUNT-UBJ An infection is a disease in the body caused by b act ena
. or a virus.
.
inhaled [ADJ-U13J If something is inhaled it is breathed into the lungs.
inspect [V-T-U1J To inspec~ something is to examine it carefully in order to make sure that it is good en
h
t
if there are problems with it.
oug or o see
intraoral. [ADJ-U2J If an X-ray is intraoral the X-ray film is taken inside of the mouth in order to provide details about
cav1t1es, the health of the tooth root and the bone surrounding the tooth th t t O f d
·
general health of teeth and the jawbone.
' es a us
evelopinq teeth, and the
extraction [N-COUNT-UB]An extraction is when a dentist removes a tooth.
intravenous (IV) [ADJ-U14J If something is intravenous it is located in, occurs within, or enters through the veins.
extraoral X-ray [N-COUNT-U2]An extraoral X-ray is taken outside oft.he m.outh to look for impacted teeth, check the
growth and development of the jawbone in relation to teeth, and to identify tooth and Jaw problems, as they may
laceration [N-COUNT-U13J A laceration is a long tear or wound.
affect other bones in the face.
fill [V-T-U7] To fill something is to put something in it.
filling [N-COUNT-U6]A filling is a material fitted into a tooth to replace decay.
irrigate [V-T-U7JTo irrigate something is to wet it or flood it with a liquid.
lead apron [N-COUNT-U2J A lead apron is a device that is worn to protect the internal organs from radiation during
X-rays.
fissure [N-COUNT-U5]A fissure is a natural, long groove in the biting surface of a tooth.
lead collar [N-COUNT-U2J A le~d- coUar, also called a thyroid collar, is a device that is worn to protect the thyroid
gland in the throat from radiatlon-Inducso tumors during X-rays.
fixed [ADJ-U3] If something is fixed, it cannot be removed or adjusted.
lidocaine [N-UNCOUNT-U14J Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that creates numbness in the mouth.
flap surgery [N-UNCOUNT-U9]Flap surgery is a surgical treatment of periodontitis in which the gums are lifted and
local anesthetic [N-COUNT-U14J A local anesthetic is a drug that causes temporary absence of sensation.
pulled back to remove tartar.
fluoride [N-UNCOUNT-U15]Fluoride is a substance, commonly found in toothpastes and mouthwashes, which helps
lock [V-T-U1 OJ To lock something is to make sure that it cannot move or open.
to prevent tooth decay.
formation [N-UNCOUNT-U5JThe formation of something is the way it is created.
fracture [N-COUNT-U5]A fracture is a long crack which reaches from one side of something to the other.
fungal infection [N-COUNT-U11JA fungal infection is a disease caused by a fungus.
general anesthetic [N-COUNT-U14JA general anesthetic is a substance that is used to create insensibility to pain, or
to put a patient asleep so that they are unaware of pain.
gingivitis [N-UNCOUNT-U9]Gingivitis is mild gum disease, characterized by bleeding and swollen gums.
glass ionomer [N-COUNT-U6JGlass ionomer is a weak dental cement made from calcium aluminosilicate glass and a
liquid.
gold [N-UNCOUNT-U6JGold is a shiny, yellow metal often used for coins and jewelry.
grasp [V-T-UB] To grasp something is to grab and hold it.
growth [N-UNCOUNT-U12]Growth is when something increases in size or quantity.
gum disease [N-UNCOUNT-U1]Gum disease is an illness where the tissues and bones around the teeth become
infected.
gutta percha [N-UNCOUNT-U7]Gutta percha is a white rubber used as a sealant.
halitosis [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Halitosis is bad-smelling breath.
headgear [N-COUNT-.~4J Headgear is a removable orthodontic appliance, used to pull back upper teeth and hold
lower teeth m position.
loose [ADJ-U9J If something is loose, it is not fully fixed to its location and may fall out.
macrotrauma [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Macrotrauma
is a single main injury or sudden force/blow.
malocclusion [N-COUNT-U4J A malocclusion is a misalignment of teeth or an incorrect relationship between the
upper and lower teeth and jaws.
mandible [N-COUNT-U1 OJ The mandible is the lower jaw bone.
mastication [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Mastication is the chewing of food.
measles [N-UNCOUNT-U11J Measles is a viral infection which causes fever and a red rash on the skin.
medication [N-UNCOUNT-U9J Medication is the chemical treatment of disease through pills, injections, medicines
etc.
muscle relaxant [N-COUNT-U15J A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle functions and decreases
muscle tone, and is used to alleviate muscle spasms, twitches, and pain.
nauseated [ADJ-U1 OJ If someone feels nauseated, he or she feels like vomiting.
nitrous oxide (laughing gas) [N-UNCOUNT-U14J Nitrous oxide is a gas that is inhaled by patients before surgery to kill
pain and induce feelings of pleasure.
occlusal X-ray [N-COUNT-U2J An occlusal X-ray shows the entire arch of teeth in the upper and lower jaw to monitor
tooth development and placement.
occlusion [N-UNCOUNT-U1J Occlusion is the way in which the upper and lower teeth come together when the mouth
is shut.
open bite [N-COUNT-U4J An open bite is when the teeth do not meet on biting.
herpes simplex [N-UNCOUNT-U11] Herpes simplex, or herpes, is a viral disease that affects the skin and nervous
system.
ibup:°fen [N-UN?OUNT-U1.SJ Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by reducing
.
ormones which cause inflammation in order to treat minor aches and pains.
'.mpacted [ADJ-UB] If a tooth is impacted, it is wedged between the jaw and another tooth.
implant [N-COUNT-U3JAn implant ·
th ·
·
to replace a missing tooth.
is a pros etic, secured into the jawbone with tiny titanium screws, which is used
open wound [N-COUNT-U8J An open wound is an injury which has not fully healed over.
oral surgeon [N-COUNT-U13J An oral surgeon carries out surgery in and around the mouth.
orthodontist [N-COUNT-U4J An orthodontist is someone who corrects the position of teeth.
orthognathic surgery [N-UNCOUNT-U13] Orthognathic surgery is corrective surgery of the jaw and face.
osteoarthritis [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Osteoarthritis is degradation in the joints and bones, usually because of old age.
osteotome [N-COUNT-U8J An osteotome is a tool used to cut bone, similar to a chisel.
incision [N-COUNT-UBJAn incision is a small cut made d .
. .
. .
,
unng surgery.
indirect f1lhng [N-COUNT-U6JAn indirect filling is a fillin fitte
constructed away from the dental surg
g
d where a large part of the tooth is missing, and is
ery.
36
overbite [N-COUNT-U4J An overbite is when the upper teeth are too far forward.
over-the-counter (OTC) [ADJ-U15J If medication is over-the-counter it can be purchased in a pharmacy or grocery
store without a prescription.
Pain [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Pain is a sharp feeling of discomfort.
3
Glossary
palatal expand er [N -
.
ble orthodontic appliance, used to widen the arch of
COU NT-U4]A palatal expander rs a remova
sample [N-COUNT-U12] A sample is a small quantity of something, taken and used to represent the whole.
the upper jaw.
.
.
xtraoral film that shows all of the teeth in the upper and
panoramic X-ray [N-COUNT-U2]A panoramic X-r:~1 is an eged and emerging teeth, to identify impacted teeth, and
lower jaws in order to examine the posttrons of u y emer
scaling [N-COUNT-U9] A scaling is the removal of tartar around the gum line.
to help diagnose tumors.
.
d tures which are used to replace either the top or bottom arch
partial dentures [N-COUNT-U3] Partial dentures are en
screen [V-T-U1] To screen for something is to do tests to see if someone has a specific illness.
of teeth.
atch [N-COUNT-U12]A patch is a small area on a wider surface.
.
. .
.
P
. . . .
f antibiotics which are used 1n the treatment of bacterial infections.
penicillin [N-UNCOUNT-U15]Pemc1lhn rs a group o
.
· · Ix ay shows the entire tooth from the crown to the root 1n order to
periapical X-ray [N-COUNT-U2]A penap1ca -r
detect abnormalities in root structure and surrounding bone structure.
. .
.
.
.
COUNT-U9]p todontal disease is a build-up of tartar and bacterial infection under the
periodontal disease [N-UN
en
gums.
periodontitis[N-COUNT-U9]Periodontitis is severe gum disease where the gums start to recede from the t~eth.
pilocarpine [N-UNCOUNT-U15]Pilocarpine is a drug that is prescribed to patients who have dry mouth, as rt
stimulates saliva production.
pit [N-COUNT-U5]A pit is a natural indentation in the biting surface of a tooth.
scalpel biopsy [N-COUNT-~12].A scalpel biopsy is a procedure where a medical or dental professional takes a
sample of cells for exarnlnation from an unusual growth, using a scalpel.
seal [V-T-U7] To seal something is make sure it is no longer visible or accessible.
sedation [N-UNCOUNT-U14] Sedation is a state of being relaxed.
sensitivity [N-UNCOUNT-U5] Sensitivity is slight pain in the teeth, especially when eating hot or cold food.
shape [V-T-U6] To shape something is to mold it into the correct form.
sideways [ADV-U13] If something is sideways, it is going from left to right, or right to left, not up and down.
simple extraction [N-COUNT-U8] A simple extraction is when a dentist removes a tooth which is visible and
accessible.
sinus graft [N-COUNT-U13J A sinus graft is a procedure to add bone to the upper jaw to support implants.
sleep apnea [N-UNCOUNT-U13J Sleep apnea is a condition in which the person stops breathing temporarily during
sleep, due to low oxygen levels in the blood.
sore (N-COUNT-U12] A sore is a raw, painful patch of skin.
plastic [N-UNCOUNT-U3]Plastic is a synthetic substance, soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening, with
sore throat [N-COUNT-U12] A sore throat is when the part at the back of the mouth feels painful.
multiple purposes.
pocket [N-COUNT-U9]A pocket is the space between the gums and tooth.
space maintainer [N-COUNT-U4] A space maintainer is used to fill gaps when baby teeth fall out early.
pop [V-I-U1 OJ To pop is to make a sudden, loud, quick sound.
surgical extraction [N-COUNT-U8] A surgical extraction is when a dentist removes a tooth which is not visible or is
porcelain [N-UNCOUNT-U3]Porcelain is a hard, fine-grained and, usually glowing, type of ceramic ware.
post [N-COUNT-U?]A post is a long, thin support.
prescription[N-COUNT-U15]A prescription is a written direction, provided by a licensed doctor, for the preparation
and use of medication.
probe [V-T-U6] To probe something is to search it using an instrument.
prosthetic [N-COUNT-U3]A prosthetic is an artificial device used to replace or restore an injured, damaged, or
missing body part.
pulp chamber [N-COUNT-U7]The pulp chamber is the area of connective tissues inside the tooth.
radiation [N-UNCOUNT-U2]Radiation is the process by which energy is released from a source and creates a flow of
atomic and subatomic particles.
radiation therapy [N-UNCOUNT-U12]Radiation therapy is treatment, often of cancer, using a radioactive substance.
radiography [N-COUNT-U2]Radiography, also known as X-rays, is a picture produced on a sensitive surface by a
type of radiation which is not visible light.
spread [V-I-U5J If something spreads, it covers a wider area than before.
inaccessible.
swelling [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Swelling is when a part of the body has become bigger than it should be due to injury,
infection, or illness.
symptom [N-COUNT-U5] A symptom is something you can see or feel, which indicates illness.
temporal bone [N-COUNT-U1 OJ A temporal bone is one of the pair of bones on the side of the skull on which enclose
the middle and inner ear.
temporary filling [N-COUNT-U6] A temporary filling is a type of filling that is fitted for a short time while an indirect or
other filling is being made elsewhere.
temporomandibular joint (N-COUNT-U1 OJ A temporomandibular joint is the joint where the mandible meets the
temporal bone of the skull.
tetracycline [N-COUNT-U15J Tetracycline is a class of drugs used in dentistry, during surgery or other procedures to
reduce or temporarily eliminate bacteria associated with periodontal disease, to prevent the destruction of the
tooth's attachment to the bone, or to reduce the pain and irritation of canker sores.
recede [V-I-U9] To recede is to fall back or away.
thrush (N-UNCOUNT-U11] Thrush is a fungal infection in the mouth.
removable [ADJ-U3] If something is removable, it can be put on or taken off at will.
tissue [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Tissue is the cells that make up animal and plant matter.
replacement [N-COUNT-U3]A replacement is an object, usually artificial, that takes the place of and fulfills the
functions of the original.
tissue graft [N-COUNT-U9] A tissue graft is when worn away connective tissue is replaced with tissue from elsewhere
restoration [N.-COUNT-U1]Restoration is the process of returning something to its original condition or appearance,
or something that has been returned to its original condition.
retainer [N-COUNT-U4]A retainer is a removable orthodontic appliance, used to keep the teeth in position.
rheumatoid arthritis [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that causes inflammation in the joints.
38
root planing [N-COUNT-U9] A root planing is the removal of tartar from the root of the tooth.
in the body.
tomogram [N-COUNT-U2] A tomogram shows a single layer of the mouth, blurring out others, to emphasize
structures that are usually rather difficult to examine.
toothache [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Toothache is pain in the teeth or jaw.
topical anesthetic [N-COUNT-U14] A topical anesthetic is a substance, usually a jelly or ointment, which is used to
numb the surface of a body part before making an injection.
ridg.e expansion [N.-COUNT-U13]A ridge expansion is surgery to increase the height and width of the ridge of the
Jaw, to support implants.
trap [V-T-U13] To trap something is to hold it so that it cannot move.
rock [V-T-U8]To rock something is to move it repeatedly from side to SI·d e.
trauma [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Trauma is an injury sustained from external forces.
root canal [N-COUNT-U7]A root canal is a procedure to treat an infection of the pulp in the tooth.
tumor [N-COUNT-U12] A tumor is a growth of tissue cells, and may be cancerous.
Glossary
ulcer [N-COUNT-U11]An ulcer is an open sore inside or outside the body which fails to heal.
unconscious [ADJ-U14] If someone is unconscious he or she is unaware or experiences a loss of senses.
underbite [N-COUNT-U4]An underbite is when the lower teeth are too far forward.
UPPP (uvulo-palato-pharyngo-plasty) [N-COUNT-U13] A UPPP is a procedure to remove excess tissue in the throat to
treat sleep apnea.
veneer [N-COUNT-U3]A veneer is a shell or coating made of plastic or porcelain which is used to improve the
cosmetic appearance of discolored, crooked or chipped teeth.
vesicle [N-UNCOUNT-U11]A vesicle is a small blister.
viral infection [N-COUNT-U11]A viral infection is a disease caused by a virus.
weaken [V-1 or T-U5] To weaken something is to make it less strong.
Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
James Caldwell, DDS
~~
0
Express Publishing
Table of Contents
Scope and Sequence
- -Unit
-1
Topic
Giving
advice
Unit 2 - Cosmetic Dentistry
6
Cosmetic
Dentistry
Brochure
appearance, bonding, chipped, contour, cosmetic
dentistry, discolored, elective, enameloplasty, full mouth
reconstruction, gingivoplasty, sculpt, smile makeover,
stain, whitening
Presenting
options
Unit 3 - Pediatric Dentistry
8
-
Advertisement adolescence, birth, childhood, confidence, environment,
habit, kid-friendly, pediatric, pedodontics, preventative
care, special needs, stage, trust
accessible, age, diabetes mellitus, edentulous, elderly,
geriatric, geriodontics, mobile unit, nursing home, retain,
senior, systemic disease, wheelchair, xerostomia
Stressing
importance
baby bottle syndrome, cultural, diet, dietician, financial,
food diary, junk food, nutrient deficiency disease,
nutrition, recall, restriction, soft drink, visual aid
Discussing risk
Counseling
Textbook
excerpt
-
Guidelines
arrangement, assess, consultation, consulting dentist,
coordinate, inquiry, liable, obligation, preference,
qualification, refer, referring dentist, role, second opinion
Making a request
Health history
form
alcohol, allergic reaction, dose frequency, hospitalize,
illness, latex, mental health, operation, personal
information, physician, pregnant, reason, tobacco
Confirming
information
Pamphlet
association, chronic illness, correlation, diabetes, heart
disease, holistic, inflammation, kidney disease, link,
osteoporosis, prone, stroke
Inquiring about
knowledge
compassion, developmental disability, disability, factor,
handicap, mentally ill, mild, mobility, moderate, physical
limitation, severe, stereotype, understanding
Asking about
experience
anxiety, cycle of avoidance, direct experience,
helplessness, indirect experience, invasive, mass media,
phobia, reinforce, stimulus generalization, stressful, tell,
show, do technique, traumatic, vicarious learning
Providing
reassurance
5 Nutritional
- Patient
-
6
Referrals
-
-
Patient
Health History
-
-
-8
Chronic
Illness
-
Special Needs
Patients
9
Article
Patient Anxiety Brochure
10
11 Communicating Blog article
with Patients
--12 Sustainability in ~
Article
.Dentistry
13
I
1
1
15
.I
---
Establishing a Blog article
Dental Practice
-
Ethics in
Dentistry
-
amalgam separator, consumption, electronic health
record, energy-efficient, low-flow, pollution, recycle,
reduce, sustainability, waste, wastewater
--
-
Article
Expressing
agreement
Making
a suggestion
- - ... - -
business plan, capital, employment, equipment, establish, Asking for an
funding, loan, market, permit, private, rent, start up,
opinion
vacancy, word-of-mouth
abuse, autonomy, beneficence, community service,
confidentiality, ethics, harm, honest, integrity, justice,
neglect, nonmaleficence, report, veracity, welfare
Asking for more
information
o
Unit 4 - Geriatric Dentistry
1
Unit 5 - Nutritional Counseling
12
Unit 6 - Patient Referrals
14
Unit 7 - Patient Health History
16
Unit 8 - Chronic Illness
18
Unit 9 - Special Needs Patients
20
Unit 10 - Patient Anxiety
22
Unit 11 - Communicating
accomplishment, appreciative, caring, chat, compassionate, Offering a
competence, compliment, confidence, conversation, hobby, compliment
interaction, interest, self-assured, write down
_._
Occupational
agency, authority, basic, board, candidate, clinical exam,
manual excerpt education, issue, licensure, requirement, specialty
licensure, vary, written exam
Obtaining
Licensure
I
14
Making a
recommendation
Article
-
7
4
accident, burn, cold compress, detail, emergency, lose,
milk, moist, preserve, reserve, rinse, save, stuck
Geriatric
Dentistry
4
Vocabulary
Unit 1 - Dental Emergencies
Function
Webpage
--
_,__
3 Pediatric
Dentistry
.......
Reading
context
Dental
Emergencies
-
- -2
---
Unit 12 - Sustainability
with Patients
in Dentistry
24
26
Unit 13 - Obtaining Licensure
28
Unit 14 - Establishing a Dental Practice
30
Unit 15 - Ethics in Dentistry
32
Glossary
34
Dental Emergencies
HOME
O Write a word or phrase that is
Get ready!
similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
0 Before you read the passage, talk
about these questions.
1
What are some types of dental
emergencies?
2 What can people do to avoid
having dental emergencies?
1
Accidents happen, and we realizethat we need to be there for you
when one occurs.
We have reserved a daily slot for accidents and emergencies from
1 O am to midday every weekday. Call us for an appointment, giving
as much detail as possible about your condition.
If your dental emergency happens at the weekend or after 6pm,
when we are not available,there are several steps you can do
yourself.These could make the difference between saving and
losing a tooth.
• If your tooth gets knocked out, keep it moist. After rinsing the
tooth off, try placing it back in the socket. Avoid touching the
root.
•
If that's not possible, keep the tooth in your mouth, between
your cheek and gums. Alternatively,place it in whole milkor a
preserving product. Then go straight to the hospital emergency
room.
•
If your tooth is cracked, rinse the mouth with warm water. Put a
cold compress on your face to reduce swelling.
•
If an object is stuckin your teeth, remove it using floss. Never
use anything sharp to remove stuck objects.
•
If you receivea burn to the mouth, get medical attention
immediately,because swelling
could restrict breathing.
correct answers.
A to advertise a new emergency clinic
B to tell what to do in a dental emergency
C to teach how to treat emergency patients
D to describe how to avoid dental accidents
Vocabulary
Q Read the sentences
A on weekdays
B between 1 Dam and midday
C on weekends
D before 6pm
3 What should someone do if he or she cracks a
tooth?
A try to stick the tooth back together
B place the tooth in milk
C rinse the mouth with warm water
D use floss to clean the area
g
y
2 You need to put a pad containing
ice on the area to stop it
swelling.
_o_d
c
r
_
3 The patient gave the dentist fill
the information about how his
tooth cracked.
d
i_s
white liquid that comes from
cows to preserve it.
___ k
5 The bad incident that was not
planned occurred when a
baseball hit the player in the
mouth.
a
d
webpage again. What does the
clinic suggest for knocked out
teeth?
Listening
1
0 " Listen to a conversation
The dentist savedI stuck the patient's tooth.
2 The child lostI burnt a tooth while he was at
3 Use floss to try to remove lost I stuck food
Receptionist: Hello, Peacehaven Dental Clinic, How can
I help you?
Patient: One of my front teeth has been 1
_____
between a receptionist and a
patient. Mark the following
statements as true (T1 or
false (F).
_
!
Receptionist: Ouch! Did it come out completely or did it
2
?
Patient: It came out completely.
Receptionist: Okay, is the tooth itself 3
_
_
, or did it break into pieces?
Patient: It's all in one piece. Will the dentist be able to
4
?
Receptionist: Yes, if you get to the clinic quickly.
Patient: Good. Is there anything I need to do to
4 Kyle's mother put his tooth in
and choose the correct words.
school.
2 When is the clinic NOT open to treat accidents?
e
0 " Listen and read the
Reading
f) Read the webpage. Then, choose the
What is the purpose of the webpage?
The ambulance responded to a
problem that required immediate
medical attention at the sports
arena.
f) " Listen again and complete the conversation.
5
get there?
until I
Receptionist: Yes. Can you place it back into 6
_____
?
_
Speaking
(i) With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I've just had an accident.
I advise you to .
Then, keep it in .
StudentA: You are a receptionist at a dental clinic. Talk to
Student B about:
•
how the accident happened
•
if the tooth is broken or not
•
what he or she should do
from between teeth.
4 It is important to keep a knocked out tooth
stuckI moist.
5 The patient savedI rinsed her mouth out with
mouthwash.
6 Food that is too hot can preserveI burn a
person's tongue.
7 The dental clinic losesI reserves part of the
day for emergencies.
8 A knocked out tooth can be preservedI burned
in milk.
1
_ The man explains how his
tooth was knocked out.
2 _ The woman asks questions
about the condition of the
tooth.
3 _ The root of the knocked out
tooth is likely exposed.
StudentB: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about your
accident.
Writing
0 Use the webpage and the conversation from Task 8 to
write a receptionist's notes about the call. Include the
name of the patient, the problem the patient was
experiencing, and what treatment was suggested.
Cosmetic Dentistry
O Read the sentence pairs.
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage,
r-
We've just opened our new cosmetic
dentistry office on Temple Road.
..
. (
cosmetic
scul t
dentistry
While traditional dental clinics focus on treating
P
-oral disease, our clinic focuses on elective treatments.
Afterwards, you'll be feeling beautiful and confident about your smile.
talk about these questions.
What are some types of cosmetic
dental treatments?
1
•
•
•
•
•
contour I appearance
A I think cosmetic dentistry will
improve the
Our treatments include:
2 What kind of professionals
are involved in cosmetic
dentistry?
f) " Listen again and complete the conversation.
Choose which word best fits
each blank.
_
of my smile.
Bonding - We can repair chipped, broken or discolored teeth using
our bonding procedure. The dentist may perform an enameloplasty to
reshape the teeth. Then he will apply a composite material which
resembles enamel. This will be sculpted and contoured to create a
perfect, healthy-looking smile.
B The dentist will
2
Teeth Whitening - Remove those ugly stains from smoking, food,
coffee and wine.
Gingivoplasty - Reshape the gums around the teeth to promote a
fresh, healthy smile
Smile Makeover - Our dental consultants will give your smile a
complete assessment and suggest ways to improve its appearance.
Typically, several procedures will be recommended to achieve a
dazzling new look.
Full mouth reconstruction - While consulting you about your smile
makeover, we may recommend treatment to correct functional
problems with your bite and bone structure. If treatment is necessary,
you can be assured that you will receive durable, clinically sound
treatments to ensure your perfect smile lasts for a long time.
_
the teeth so that they fit
together perfectly.
chipped I discolored
A Nina wants to make her
_______
_____
Dentist:
tooth
reconstructed.
correct answers.
What is the purpose of the brochure?
A to explain new treatments
B to advertise a new dentistry clinic
C to teach cosmetic treatments
D to describe a new clinic
2 Why would someone need cosmetic work done?
A they have misshapen, missing, or stained
teeth
B they have too many fillings and need new
teeth
C they have teeth problems that affect their
health
D they have an uneven bite which affects eating
definitions (A-G).
1
_ gingivoplasty
2 _ enameloplasty
3 _ whitening
stain I sculpt
A it is performed by a referred surgeon
B it is done to help a smile makeover
C it is only useful for cosmetic reasons
6
D it is an in-house treatment for functional
problems
into the right shape.
_______
a
Speaking
person's teeth.
B The dentist will
_
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 " Listen and read the
brochure again. What is
involved during a bonding
procedure?
One option is to ...
Okay, what else ... ?
How long will it all take?
Student A: You are a cosmetic dentist. Talk to Student B about:
•
what treatments you suggest
5 -
0 " Listen to a conversation
•
how it will affect his or her appearance
between a cosmetic dentist
and a patient. Mark the
following statements as
true (T) or false (F).
•
how long treatment will take
6 _ cosmetic dentistry
7 -
full mouth reconstruction
A a procedure that reshapes the gums around the
teeth
B a dental treatment to improve the appearance
of the mouth
D the removal of tooth enamel
E a surgery or treatment to change the shape of
the mouth
F making something look whiter
G a treatment to make someone more attractive
when they smile
of that
A Drinking too much coffee will
4 _ bonding reconstruction
smile makeover
tooth?
Definitely. I can apply the composite to the tooth and
Listening
C the addition of a composite material to the teeth
3 What is true about full mouth reconstructions?
Can you do anything about this 4
Patient: Great. I've never liked the 6
chipped tooth.
Vocabulary
E) Match the words or phrases (1- 7) with the
_
treatment to improve the shape.
5
the composite material to
make the perfect shape.
f) Read the brochure. Then, choose the
That involves reshaping your gum tissue. It will make
your teeth look bigger.
Patient: Okay, what else can you do?
Dentist:
I'd like to 2
some of your teeth, and make
them look straighter.
Patient: Can you do that without me wearing braces?
Patient:
B Suzy wants to get her
3
Dentist:
. Do you
Dentist: Yes, I can give you an 3
teeth
whiter.
_______
Dentist: One option is to conduct a 1
know what that is?
Patient: No, I have no idea.
_ The woman is interested in a
full mouth reconstruction.
2 _ The woman has a chipped
tooth.
3 _ The man will begin treatment
tomorrow.
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about your
smile makeover.
Writing
0 Use the brochure and the conversation from Task 8 to
write a patient report. Include the treatment the patient
is interested in, the dentist's recommendations, and
how long the treatment will take to complete.
Pediatric Dentistry
f) Read the advertisement. Then, choose the
Get ready!
correct answers.
Before you read the passage, talk about
these questions.
1
2
How should dentists behave towards children?
choose the correct words or
phrases.
What is the main purpose of the advertisement?
1
A to advertise new advances in pediatrics
What are some issues in pediatric dental care?
O Read the sentences and
adolescenceI pedodontics.
C to advertise a clinic's methods and focus
2 Children with specialneedsI
preventativecare may require
different treatment.
2 What kind of patient is the clinic staffed to
because she didn't have
A children and the elderly with special needs
environmentI confidence in
B children and adults with special needs
her previous one.
C physically disabled young children
We have worked hard to create a pleasant
kid-friendlyenvironment. Gaining the trust and
confidenceof your children is very important to us.
4 The boy is at the childhoodI
stage when he needs to stop
D children of any age with or without special
~
the clinic?
~1
Our specialist treatment includes:
]"
• Risk assessment for caries
• Preventative care and advice about cleaning
~
and diet recommendations
~
• Counseling for habits such as pacifier use and
.
thumb sucking that are harmful to teeth
• Early assessment and treatment for straightening
teeth and correcting an improper bite
• Repair of tooth cavities
• Care for dental injuries, such as fractured,
displaced, or knocked-out teeth
I8
5
3 What specialist treatment is NOT provided at
I
A tooth cavity repair
C oral reconstruction
7
Vocabulary
eroG1rM+•
,·,
,,
,,,,
,,
I I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Dr. Mimi Mueller DDS
Dr. Mueller graduated
from Harvard School
of Dental Medicine
and completed
her residency in
pedodontics
at Springville
Children's
Hospital. She
enjoys cooking
and reading in
her free time.
It's important to develop good
dental habits during childhoodI
birth.
E) Fill in the blanks with the correct words or
phrases from the word bank.
- · ,· '.,
.
adolescence
environment
preventative care
1
birth
trust
habit
Some children become more difficult and
emotional during
_
_________
age.
0 g Listen to a conversation
between two parents. Mark the
following statements as
true (T) or false {F).
to instill at an early
3 Dr. Chartier gains the
_
of his patients by being honest with them.
4 Some infants have oral problems at
The bright colors at the dental practice create a
pleasant
for children.
6 Good
ensures
children are less likely to develop dental
problems.
advertisement again. What
does Langham Pediatric Clinic
offer to its patients?
Listening
2 Brushing and flossing daily are good
5
Parent 1: I 3
the Langham Clinic. Dr.
Langham and Dr. Meuller are both great with children.
Parent2: What kind of services do they provide?
Parent 1: Oh, the usual things like 4
----~
fillings, early assessment for orthodonitic problems ...
Parent 2: Our youngest daughter refuses to give up her pacifier,
and we're worried it's going to 5
_
Parent 1: We had the same problem with our son. Dr. Langham
gave us some really useful tips for 6
_
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 g Listen and read the
Dr. Malcolm Lang_ham DDS
Dr. Langham is a graduate from
the University of North Carolina
School of Dentistry.
He completed two additional
years of training in dentistry
for children with special
needs. In his spare time,
he enjoys cycling and
hiking.
Hannah likes children so she
wants to specialize in pediatricI
childhooddentistry.
there were no toys in the waiting
room.
D diet recommendations
BANK-',.
the kids.
6 The clinic was not very kid­
friendlyI preventativesince
B teeth straightening
Our dentists:
Parent2: Actually, maybe you can help me out now. We're
trying to find a good 2
for
sucking his thumb.
needs
21·
__,
so if you need any recommendations or information,
just let me know.
3 The woman switched dentists
help?
At Langham PediatricDental Clinic, our focus is to
provide dental care throughout the various stages
of childhood, from birth to adolescence.
Parent1: I've lived here my 1
The dental practice on Main
Street specializes in
B to describe a change of the clinic's focus
D to describe the new dentists' methods
8 \I Listen again and complete the conversation.
We're trying to find .
I highly recommend
.
What kind ... ?
StudentA: You are a parent. Talk to Student B about:
•
your pediatric dentist
•
your recommendation
•
the services they offer
StudentB: You are a parent. Talk to Student A about needing
1
The woman has never lived
a pediatric dentist.
anywhere else.
2
The man is concerned about
his daughter's thumb sucking
habit.
3
The woman experienced the
same issue the man had.
Writing
0 Use the advertisement and the conversation from Task 8
to write a message about a new pediatric patient for a
dentist. Include the name of the patient, why the patient
needs to be seen, and how the patient's parent found
out about the clinic.
Geriatric Dentistry
Reading
f) Read the article. Then, choose the
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage,
1
What are some issues in geriatric
How can a dental clinic be
designed to support elderly
patients?
D why the elderly find it hard to care
for their teeth
2 Which of the following
does NOT
increase the risk of gum disease?
A wearing dentures
B xerostomia
C taking medication
D systemic diseases
Importance
of Population
Statistics
3 What is inferred about specialists in
The
A number of dental issues are
specific to elderlypatients,
whether they are edentulous
or retaintheir own teeth.
One common problem is
xerostomia,
or dry mouth.
This often results as a side
effect from taking
medications. Dry mouth can
affect a person's ability to
speak, taste and eat.
often have more problems with
their teeth.
dental care
problems for the elderly
Currently, almost 15% of the
American population is over
the age of 65. By 2040, this
figure is estimated to increase
to 23%. Some rural and
coastal regions already have a
higher proportion of seniors
than this. Dentistry is one of
many industries affected by
the aging population.
Professionals who specialize
in geriatricdentistry are
already much in demand.
2 As people age I retain, they
B the increasing necessity for geriatric
C why systemic diseases cause dental
A Clinics need more of them.
B They find it hard to find work in
by Ne;/ Sedgemo,e
They may be in more pain,
and gum disease can develop
faster. Older patients suffering
from diabetesmellitusare at
greater risk of oral infections.
It is also believed that
systemicdiseasessuch as
osteoporosis and diabetes
can lead to periodontal
diseases.
Clinics in areas with large
elderly populations need to
bear a number of things in
mind. It's not enough just to
hire dentists who have
specialized in geriodontics.
Appropriate equipment such
as wheelchairaccessible
chairs is necessary. Clinics
should also consider investing
in a mobileunit in order
to visit patients in
nursinghomes.
3 The man uses a mobileunitI
wheelchair as he is unable to
walk.
4 The nursing home is looking for
caregivers for its seniorI
accessible residents.
5 Dr. Hambly specializes in
edentulousI geriatric dentistry.
certain areas
7 ElderlyI Accessible people are
at greater risk for tooth loss due
to loosening of the gums.
8 There are some elderly people
who ages I retains all their
teeth.
design
nursing homes
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases (1-6)
0 ~ Listen and read the article
again. Why are elderly patients
at greater risk of periodontal
disease?
Listening
1
-
diabetes mellitus
0 " Listen to a conversation
2
-
xerostomia
4 _ systemic disease
5
6
-
between a patient and a
dentist. Mark the following
statements as true (T) or
false (F).
_
... that's dry
mouth. Is that making life difficult for you?
Patient: Oh, yes. My mouth has been feeling dry lately. It makes
it very hard to chew and swallow. I think it's because of
my4
_
Dentist: Yes, that does happen. Unfortunately, though, dry
mouth and 5
like
osteoporosis do increase the chances of gum disease.
Patient: Oh dear, can they?
Dentist: Yes, so it's really important to take extra good care of
your teeth, and 6
_
Speaking
(i) With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGESUCHAS:
?
It's really important to .
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B about:
•
what illnesses he or she suffers from
•
•
how these affect his or her mouth
what he or she should do to protect his or her oral health
StudentB: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about age-related
risks to teeth.
mobile unit
The man examines the
woman in her own
wheelchair.
edentulous
A without teeth
B a disease caused by insufficient insulin
2 _ The woman is taking
medication for osteoporosis.
C suffering from a dry mouth
D a clinic inside a van
E dentistry for the elderly
F
Dentist: But you have a bit of 3
)
I'm having trouble with .
with the definitions (A-F).
3 _ geriodontics
Patient: Yes, I'm glad I don't have to 2
Would you like any help
C They have little training in clinic
D They are unwilling to visit patients in
all of your own teeth.
That's good.
6 The woman's children visit her
every day at the xerostomiaI
nursinghome.
geriodontics?
in
f) ~ Listen again and complete the conversation.
Dentist: I see you 1
The clinic installed features to
make it geriatricI accessiblefor
wheelchair users.
What is the article mostly about?
A dentists' lack of knowledge about
how to treat the elderly
dental care?
Dentistry
choose the correct words or
phrases.
correct answers.
talk about these questions.
2
O Read the sentences and
an illness that affects the body
3
The woman consistently
brushes her teeth twice a day.
Writing
0 Use the article and the conversation from Task 8 to
write a patient report on a geriatric patient. Include your
observations of the patient's oral health, medical
problems the patient has and how they affect his or her
oral health, and recommendations given to the patient
to maintain oral health.
1
Nutritional Counseung
O Write a word or phrase that is
similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage,
What can cause problems in
people's mouths?
The reason why people eat a lot
of sugary foods is partly due to
our society habits.
ul
l
2 What foods and snacks can
2 Eating too much food which is
talk about these questions.
1
dentists recommend to
people?
Reading
f) Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose
the correct answers.
1
What is the excerpt mostly about?
A the type of problems that require nutritional
counseling
B
what sorts of foods dentists should
recommend to patients
C how dentists should communicate with
patients about diet
D how culture, education, health and personal
finances affect diet
In some situations it may be necessary to counsel dental
patients regarding nutrition.This is necessary if a patient
is suffering from recurrent decay, periodontal disease or
early childhood caries. These conditions indicate a high
consumption of junk food such as chips and candy.
Mothers may need nutritional counseling if babies are
suffering from baby bottle syndrome;that is, if they are
allowed to sleep while sucking on a bottle containing
sugary soft drinks.
A formal or informal approach can be taken to counseling.
Informally, the dentist can use visualaids and brochures
to discuss their general attitude to food. The dentist can
ask the patient for a 24 hour food recall.A formal approach
might involve asking the patient to record a weekly food
diary. If there is an underlying medical condition affecting
food intake, such as nutrient deficiency disease, the
dentist should refer the patient to a dietician.
In all cases, the patient's lifestyle must be taken into
account. Be aware of cultural influences that affect diet.
Consider the patient's level of education and current health
status. Finally, be sensitive towards the patient's financial
status. This may put restrictionson the type of food they
consume.
6) Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the
definitions (A-F).
1
4 _ baby bottle syndrome
D tooth decay from excessive exposure to
sugary liquids
3 Which of the following is NOT an informal
nutrition
visual aid
5 _ nutrient deficiency disease
6
diet
A something that you can see which assists
learning
4 The dentist referred the woman
to an expert in food intake about
her eating disorder.
__ e __ c
5
_
Due to his religion, there are
certain rules and limits as to
what meats John can eat.
r_s
ns
6 Water is better for teeth than
Dentist: Let me just get one of my 1
_
_____
... here we are. Can you look at these
pictures and tell me which foods you eat regularly?
Patient: Er, okay. Well, I don't drink milk. I don't like it. I don't eat
yoghurt either. And I never eat raw carrot.
Dentist: Okay, and can you 2
lunch, I had a burger and for dinner I had pizza. And I
had candy and chips for snacks.
Dentist: I see. Well, the problem is, your 3
Many people do not have a
healthy diet for money and
income reasons.
is
preventing you from having healthy teeth.
Patient: Really?
Dentist: Yes. I'm quite certain. You're consuming 4
_
Patient: Oh, I see.
Dentist: I'm going to give you a 5
_____
_
. It will tell you the best foods for your teeth.
Patient: Okay thanks.
Dentist: If you find it hard to keep to a healthy diet, I can refer to
you a 6
. She'll give you ways to stay on
track.
other cold drinks that usually
contain sugar.
s __ t
d
ks
7
what you ate yesterday?
Patient: I had chocolate muffins and juice for breakfast. For
Speaking
(i) With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
n
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 " Listen and read the
textbook excerpt again. What
can a dentist do when treating
a patient with poor dietary
habits?
You have a bit of ... ?
.. . your diet is preventing you from ...
I'm quite certain ...
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B about:
Listening
0 " listen to a conversation
between a dentist and patient.
Mark the following statements
as true (T) or false (F).
•
what she eats regularly
•
how unhealthy foods affect the teeth
•
what he or she should do
StudentB: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about your diet.
B tooth decay due to prolonged exposure to
approach to nutritional counseling?
12
_ food diary
B teeth growing crookedly due to bottle
C a delay in moving on from milk to solid foods
what he ate for breakfast
yesterday!
__ c __ I
Vocabulary
A a refusal to drink milk from a bottle
sucking
3 The man couldn't remember
n
2 3 -
2 What is baby bottle syndrome?
high in sugars and fats is bad for
people's teeth.
d
u
f) \I Listen again and complete the conversation.
sugary liquids
A asking patients to recall food intake
C insufficient nutrients due to a poor diet
8 showing patients visual aids
D the scientific study of food and mineral intake
C discussing a patient's attitude to food
E the foods that someone normally eats
D encouraging a patient to keep a food diary
F
a record of everything eaten over a period of time
1
_ The woman needs treatment
2 _
for dental caries.
Writing
The visual aid shows healthy
0 Use the textbook excerpt and the conversation from
foods.
3 _ The man asks her to
complete a food diary.
Task 8 to write a patient report. Include observations
about the patient's oral health, her diet, and
recommendations for improving his or her diet.
1
Patient Referrals
'i<.·"c-110~;,., "'
111111,
Park Hill Practice
Guidelines for
Referring Patients
.
0 Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
1
Why is it sometimes necessary to
refer a patient?
'111b
fl£t,,,r
.,.._ It/JI o,-,~11,ll
._.,,,, vr
rs \lrtt
CWEifltt®iMil . . ~''11
Dentists have an ethical
obligation to make
A dentist could be~
arrangements for any
for poor treatment performed
necessary care for their
by a consulting dentist.
patients. In some cases,
Therefore, referring dentists
primary care dentists may need
must assess the
to refer patients to a specialist.
qualifications of consulting
The primary care dentist is
dentists before issuing a
known as the referring
referral.
dentist. He or she coordinates
In some cases, a specialist
with the consulting dentist.
may be asked to give a
This ensures that the role of
second opinion regarding
each dentist is clear.
treatment or diagnosis. The
Patients may visit or be
dentist giving the second
referred to specialists for
opinion should give an
consultations. Upon
objective recommendation.
completion of their care,
Dentists must not unjustly
specialists should return the
imply that a patient has been
patient to the care of the
mistreated. It can be difficult to
referring dentist. The exception
determine whether or not such
is if the patient reveals a
comments are justifiable. But it
preference for a different
is possible to conduct an
dentist.
inquiry using the proper
channels.
2 What must a dentist consider
when referring a patient?
Vocabulary
E) Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
1
correct answers.
A to describe proper referral procedures
B The
dentist must check
that the consultant is qualified.
C to illustrate the importance of procedures
2
D to teach new methods of referrals
A The two dentists must
B The primary care dentist must
patient?
arrangement I preference
A No
D never leave the patient alone with the
specialist
B The dentist made a(n)
was given in regards
to which dentist the man wanted to see.
4 obligation I consultation
B implying the patient was not treated well
A Dentists have a(n)
D conducting an inquiry on a dentist's conduct
for
the patient to see an orthodontist.
A making second opinions even if asked to
C giving objective recommendations
14
3
C ensure the specialist is qualified
3 What must dentists avoid doing?
_
whether the patient requires a specialist.
A have the patient talk to the specialist
Dentist 2:
Dr. Barnes at ten thirty.
a dentist accused of mistreating
patients.
Dentist 1: Why do you need them?
of a consulting dentist is to
provide specialist treatment.
3 Mrs. Kennedy decided to get a
her condition from another
I understand. I'll ask my 5
to fax them to you.
Dentist 2:
Great. After we verify Dr. Fredrich's qualifications, I'll
send over the 6
and
X-rays. Then Dr. Fredrichs won't need to assess her
again.
dentist.
4 Dr Jackson doesn't have the
right
_
_
to give orthodontic treatment.
5
If a consulting dentist gives poor
treatment, the referring dentist
maybe
_
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 " Listen and read the
guidelines again. What must a
dentist do when referring a
patient?
I have a
for you.
Can you
?
I'll send over ...
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B about:
•
the treatment the patient needs
Listening
•
the new orthodontist's qualifications
0 \f Listen to a conversation
•
who will contact the patient about his or her consultation
between two dentists. Mark
the following statements as
true (T1 or false (F).
1
_ The man is unable to see the
referred patient.
woman
is
concerned
3 _ The man will send the new
orthodontist's
with
Dentist 1:
about
about liability issues.
to give
I didn't realize you had a new orthodontist. Can you
send us a copy of her 3
, please?
Dentist 2: We have an 4
to our patients to ensure
they're getting proper care. Otherwise we may be
liable.
~
__________
·
Dentist 1: Well, I'm 2
for several
months. But our new orthodontist, Dr. Anna
Fredrichs, can see her.
Dentist 2:
2 The
J
I have a 1
for you. Her
name's Michelle Oliver. She requires orthodontic
treatment.
The board is conducting a(n)
__________
about
2 _ The
their patients the best care possible.
B The woman has a(n)
role second opinion
qualification
inquiry
refer
liable
_
with each other about a patient's care.
2 What do dentists have to do when referring a
B get a specialist's second opinion
coordinate I assess
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
BANK
patient to a specialist.
What is the main purpose of the guidelines?
to explain why referrals might be necessary
~
correct words or phrases from
the word bank.
consulting I referring
A The
dentist receives
referrals from several dentists.
B
<()
O Fill in the blanks with the
6 The dentist needed to
word best fits each blank.
f) Read the guidelines. Then, choose the
It,
-ipc 0111:ll.
,,,,,,1,,\t
1·11co,1111.1
the woman.
credentials to
Student B: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A about the referral.
Writing
0 Use the guidelines and the conversation from Task 8 to
write an email to the consulting dentist about a patient
referral. Include information about what treatment the
patient needs, what information you are enclosing, and
inquire who will be treating the patient.
Patient Health History
/
IMl®foi
......
/
0 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
Get ready!
1
these questions.
1
forced
the woman to cancel her appointment.
P~tient Health History
onnaire--Full Name: BenjaminMichael Dodson
Date of Birth: 02/03/1962
Address: 4520 West Smith Street, Sarasota, FL 34231
What is the best phone number for us to reach you?
(941) 435-6734
What is the reason for today's visit?
Check-up and cleaning
Medical Information ---------­
Who is your primary care physician? Dr. Robert Unger
Primary care physician's address: 3462 East Portland
Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34246
Primary care physician's phone number:
(941) 454-5473
Date of your last physical examination:2/23/2013
Have you ever had a serious illness, operation,
or been hospitalized? If so, please explain.
Yes. Last year, I was hospitalized after a car accident.
I had a broken leg and several broken ribs.
Have you ever had an allergic reaction to food,
medication, or latex? Yes, mushrooms give me a rash
or fever and minor swelling
Have you ever been treated for mental health
problems? If so, please explain. No
Are you currently taking any medications? If so,
what is your dose frequency?
Yes. I am taking medication to help regulate
my blood pressure. I take it once a day.
For women: Are you pregnant?
Patient: Okay.
_
Dentist: You noted that you had an 4
due to a recent
_
A Smoking and chewing
_
B The patient avoided drinking
Patient: Just for three days.
that you are allergic to pain medication.
_
until his treatment was completed.
3 _ The patient has problems with his blood
?
Dentist: All right. One more question: you wrote
may lead to mouth cancer.
medication.
Patient: Yes, that's right. I had my appendix removed.
Dentist: I see. For how long were you 5
3 tobacco I alcohol
2 _ The patient is allergic to some types of
last
year.
B The dentist postponed the patient's treatment
accident.
Patient: Yes. I had an 6
_
to some medication that the doctor
prescribed after my surgery.
pressure.
0 " Listen and read the health history form
again. What are some examples of an
allergic reaction?
Vocabulary
E) Fill in the blanks with the correct words or
phrases from the word bank.
latex
pregnant
mental health
1
dentist and a patient. Choose the correct
answers.
What was the reason for the man's past
hospitalization?
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I need to get some ... from you.
You mentioned ...
Yes, that's right.
Dentists and hygienists wear
__________
gloves to avoid
A a fever
C a skin rash
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
transmitting infections.
B an operation
D an allergic reaction
about:
2 The man takes antidepressants to help improve
his
_
3 The patient consulted his
_
before taking the prescribed medication.
__________
day.
from twice to once a
5 Fran wrote down her
_
including her emergency contact information.
6 The woman told her dentist that she was three
months
2 What is inferred about the woman from the last
sentence?
A She needs more information to complete the
•
his or her health history
•
the details regarding an operation
•
allergic reactions to medication
questionnaire.
4 The physician reduced the patient's medication
7
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
personal information
physician
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
Listening
BANK
Do you use tobacco? No
Do you drink alcohol? If so, how
frequently?
Yes. I drink wine twice a week.
Patient: I thought I responded to everything on the
2
that I filled out.
Dentist: Yes, but I need a bit more detail to complete
your 3
_
due to complications from surgery.
_ The patient had an operation after a car
Personal lnfonnatlon
16
2 operation I hospitalization
A The patient required
m or
_
from you, regarding your health history.
B A sudden
Reading
f} Read the health history form. Then, mark
as true
Dentist: I need some 1
_
to nitrous oxide.
have regarding patient health history?
the following statements
false (F}.
illness I allergic reaction
A The patient had a(n)
What kind of personal information goes on a
patient health history form?
2 What are some concerns that dentists may
IIHHIFU®IM,i
e conversation.
" Listen again and complete the
word or phrase best fits each blank.
O Before you read the passage, talk about
_
Patient health history forms ask you to explain
the
for your visit.
B She wants to know how long the man was
hospitalized.
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A
about your medical history.
C She needs to find out the name of the pain
medication.
D She wants to know why the man avoids pain
relievers.
Writing
0 Use the conversation from Task 8 to write a
voicemail message to a patient's primary care
physician. Include the patient's information, a
question regarding the patient's medication,
and contact information where you can be
reached.
17
Chronic Illness
O Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
I
0 (,, Listen again and complete the
word or phrase best fits each blank.
I
kidney disease
1
conversation.
prone I holistic
A Patients with poor oral health are
to developing chronic illnesses.
_
2
oral Health and Chronic Illness
The
.
connection
You know that good oral health
is important. But did you know
it affects more than just your
mouth? Research shows a link
between poor oral health and
chronic illnesses. Increasingly
doctors and dentists are taking
a holistic view of patient
health. The mouth provides
vital information about the
body and vice versa.
A
Links with diseases
•
•
•
•
•
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
1
these questions.
3
1
Why is oral health important to overall health?
2 Which chronic illnesses are linked to oral health?
Reading
8 Read the pamphlet. Then, mark the
following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1
_ Doctors and dentists are interested in
information the mouth provides.
2 _ It is likely that losing a tooth will lead to
heart disease.
3 _ Infections of the gums can help cause pre­
diabetes.
It is more important than ever
to update your dental files. Let
us know if you have a family
history of chronic illness. Also
inform us if you receive a new
diagnosis. We need the
complete picture to offer you
the best care.
18
Well, I figured I should keep you 2
Dentist:
I appreciate that. Now, have you heard
about 3
_
link
2 _ heart disease
5
osteoporosis
3
6
stroke
kidney disease
_
Patient:
Yes, but I don't really understand the link.
Dentist:
That's okay. Neither do 4
_
____
! But 91 % of patients with heart
disease also have gum inflammation.
Patient:
That's a really high percentage. It certainly
doesn't sound like 5
_
Dentist:
Agreed. The 6
is
that inflammation in the mouth results in
inflamed blood vessels.
C the way in which two separate things are
related to or caused by each other
D a serious medical condition that leads to people
having too much sugar in their blood.
E a medical condition where a person's bones
weaken and become more likely to break
any serious condition that prevents a person's
heart from working normally
Research has not proven a definite
________
between oral health
and osteoporosis.
Speaking
" Listen and read the pamphlet again.
What are patients asked to do?
Listening
Q " Listen to a conversation
With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I figured .. . I Are you familiar with ... ?
between a
dentist and a patient. Choose the correct
answers.
1
The working theory ...
Student A You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
about:
What is the conversation mostly about?
A why inflammation elevates blood pressure in
the body
B the various chronic illnesses that the patient
•
the diagnosis
•
connections between oral health and chronic
illnesses
may be prone to
•
C the percentage of the dentist's patients that
what to do next
have gum issues
A a condition where the kidneys become
damaged and may eventually stop working
B a medical condition where blood is unable to
reach a person's vein due to blockage
_
gum disease and heart disease?
chronic illness I association
B
(A-F).
4
F
in the mouth causes
problems for patients with diabetes.
A The dentist understood how hard it was to
deal with a(n)
like
kidney disease.
What does this
mean for you?
diabetes
_
Patient:
between gum disease and heart disease.
Vocabulary
E) Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the
definitions
I inflammation
B The dentist explained the
Patients with gum disease double their
chances of getting heart disease.
There is a correlation between tooth loss and
stroke risk.
There is also an association between bad
oral health and kidney disease.
Diabetes is a bit more complicated. There is
a two-way relationship between diabetes and
gum infections. Research suggests that
diabetics are more prone to gum infections.
In addition, gum infections are a contributing
cause of pre-diabetes. Inflammation in the
mouth reduces the body's control over blood
sugar.
Claims have been made about a connection
between osteoporosis and gum disease.
However, this is still unverified.
Get ready!
correlation
Thank you for telling me about your
1-------~----
B The dentist took a
approach
and asked about the patient's overall health.
,..
Dentist:
D the association between gum disease and
heart disease
2
-;udent B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A
[ about your health.
What will the woman most likely do next?
A share details about her heart attack with the
Writing
dentist
•L
B discuss the link between inflammation and
heart disease
C read a pamphlet on the subject of good oral
hygiene
D answer the dentist's questions about her
oral care routine
Use the pamphlet and the conversation
from Task 8 to write a note from a patient's
doctor to his dentist. Include information
about the patient's new diagnosis, why the
doctor wants the dentist to have this
information, and how the two professionals
should proceed.
J
Special Needs Patients
O Fill in the b_lan~~ with the correct words or
Get ready'
0 Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
1
G " Listen again and complete the
phrases: dtsabtltty, factors, mentally ill, mild,
physical limitations, stereotypes,
understanding.
conversation.
Caregiver:
The man explained to the dentist that he was
________
and suffered from
Who is considered a special
needs patient?
accommodate special
needs patients?
- .. -
Dentist: Okay. Does he have a 1
_____
depression.
._..,.~.
2 What are some ways to
2 The child had a(n)
speech
disorder but was still able to communicate fairly
well.
__.,_--
Treating Special Needs Patients
- Who is a special needs patient?
General dental practices often
need to treat special needs
patients. There are not enough
specialized dentists to handle
this population. Some dentists
doubt their ability to treat
people with disabilities. But
general practitioners can
usually work around mild to
moderate disabilities.
Special needs patients require a change to the
standard treatment approach. There are many
people who fall into this category. Not all of
them have severe handicaps. Some of these
patients may have physical limitations. These
can range from minor mobility issues to a
developmental disability. Mentally ill people
may be special needs patients. No two special
needs patients are the same. Forget about
stereotypes and focus on the individual.
3
Some people have negative preconceived ideas
and
about those with
disabilities.
4 The dentist needed to consider several
________
6 The patient was in a wheelchair and had
that made getting into a
dentist's chair challenging.
How to provide appropriate care for this population.
7
Ask about the patient's condition before their appointment. It necessary, research it
so you are aware of factors that might affect treatment. Think about the best ways
to accommodate them. Be flexible with scheduling and keep appointments short.
Many dentists worry about seeing special needs patients. However, this population
needs dental care too. So forget about the fear and concentrate on your training.
0 " Listen and read the article again. What
makes someone a good dentist for special
needs patients?
Listening
Reading
Read the article. Then, mark
the following statements as
true (T) or false (F).
1
_ General dental practices are
expected to treat those with
severe disabilities.
2 _ People with special needs
may have physical or mental
health issues.
3 _ To provide good care,
dentists should learn about
their patients' conditions.
20
phrases.
1
The dentist wanted to show he cared, so he treated every
patient with disability I compassion and respect.
2 The special needs patient had several different physical
handicaps I factors as a result of his illness.
3 The dentist was concerned that the patient's disability was so
mild I severe that she could not accommodate his needs.
4 The woman was diagnosed with a developmental disability I
stereotype when she was three years old.
5 The patient used a walker and had ongoing understanding I
mobility issues.
6 The dentist learned that the patient's condition was considered
mentally ill I moderate.
caregiver and a dentist. Choose the correct
answers.
1
Dentist:
I currently have two children who are
autistic as patients. 3
_
__________
are mild
though.
my son
Dentist: So it's moderate?
Caregiver: It's hard to 5
_____
_
of autism.
Dentist: I don't mean to put you on the spot. I
just want 6
_
_____
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
Vocabulary
E) Read the sentences and choose the correct words or
_
treated an
__________
autistic child?
how best to treat him.
_
are ones that affect the brain, and ones that
affect the body.
Good dentists have certain characteristics. They show compassion and
understanding. They treat patients with respect. This approach is even more
important for special needs patients.
The two different kinds of
Caregiver: Jake has autism. 2
has severe autism ...
The patient liked the dentist because she showed
him a lot of
and empathy.
________
_
or is he mentally ill?
Caregiver: I 4
before treating a patient
who suffered from two different diseases.
5
I want to make a dental appointment
for my son. But he has special needs.
What is the purpose of the conversation?
A to schedule an appointment outside of
typical office hours
B to make sure that the man is able to treat
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I want to ...
Have you ever treated ... ? I I currently have ...
Student A: You are a caregiver.Talk to Student B
about:
•
your son's special needs condition
•
the severity of his condition
•
making an appointment
the patient
C to explain a child's dental health treatment
history
Student B: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A
about the patient's special needs.
D to give advice about a recent special needs
diagnosis
2 What will the woman most likely do next?
A agree to the offered appointment
B ask about the man's current patients
C explain the ways to measure autism
D cancel the scheduled procedure
Writing
0 Use the article and the conversation from
Task 8 to write the dentist's notes about the
patient. Include the patient's special needs
diagnosis, the patient's limitations, and the
impact of the limitations on treatment.
Patient Anxiety
O Fill in the blanks with the
~r ready!
Before you read the passage, talk about these
correct words or phrases from
the word bank.
questions.
1
Why do some people feel anxious about seeing a dentist?
2 What can be done to reduce anxiety in dental patients?
Reading
Read the brochure. Then, choose the correct answers.
1
wO/d
BANK:··
·
stressful
invasive anxiety
cycle of avoidance
helplessness
1
Upbeat music in the treatment
room can help to reduce patient
What is the brochure mostly about?
A fighting the spread of fear in patients
2
B explaining trauma stress and its effects
C describing why patients might feel fear
D soothing stress in patients in hospitals
The
is
reinforced when patients only
seek help when dental problems
worsen.
3 If patients find dental visits
________
2 Why do some patients avoid going to the dentist's?
B stories from friends and other people
•
•
You may be anxious because of a direct
experience. Perhaps you had painful surgery
in the past. Or it could be based on indirect
experience. Maybe friends have recounted
traumatic dental experiences, and you
developed a fear through vicarious learning.
Or you could have read or heard stories in the
mass media. Many stories and films depict
dentists as cruel, with patients undergoing
treatment in a state of helplessness. Such
stimulus generalization inevitably results in
trauma.
We at Green and Jessop Dentistry want to
help you feel positive and relaxed about your
visit. That's why all our dentists practice the
tell, show, do technique. This is proven to
help patients feel relaxed and in control.
If you feel anxious during your procedures,
please talk to your dentist.
22
control during treatment, leading
to feelings of
_
D the fact they had a bad experience with doctors
Warner Road, Pelham
If so, you are not alone.
75% of people surveyed
find dental visits
stressful, and up to 10%
have a real phobia.
This leads to a cycle of
avoidance, where
people only seek dental help in emergencies.
Such emergencies require invasive
treatment, and this reinforces
their fears.
4 Many patients feel they have no
C the sound of the instruments
3 What does this clinic offer to help patients?
Dentist: Take a seat. You're looking a bit pale. Are you
all right?
5
A recommendations for calming down under stress
B advice about how to deal with stressful situations
surgery is
far more stressful than check­
ups and minor procedures.
"'-..
Patient:
I'm feeling a little 1
coming to the dentist.
Dentist:
Many people find it 2
to worry about.
Patient:
No? My friend had a root canal and she said she was in
pain for a week!
. I don't really like
, but there's nothing
Dentist: We often develop fears from 3
_
_____
. But our own experiences are never as
bad.
Patient:
I don't know. I saw a movie where a woman had
and she
could never taste food again!
4
Dentist:
should talk to their dentist about
it.
A being told what will happen by the dentist
Jess~ptl:"
tree v-1•
, they
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
I can see where that would cause 5
_
_____
. But you know that not everything you
see in movies or on TV is real.
Patient: Well, it gave me a 6
dental treatment.
about
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
C a technique of talking to the patient about their fears
D a policy of explaining and showing what will happen
0 " Listen and read the
brochure again. What problem
arises from dental anxiety?
Vocabulary
Q Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the definitions
(A-H).
1
- traumatic
2 _ phobia
5 _ vicarious learning
3 _ direct experience
7 _
4 _ indirect experience
8 _ tell, show, do technique
6
-
mass media
stimulus generalization
A something that happened to a person in the past
D newpapers, TV, radio and the Internet
E something someone else did in the past
F causing long-lasting emotional shock
G explaining and demonstrating something before performing it
H learning something through someone else's experiences
You're looking a bit ...
I'm feeling a bit ...
There's nothing to worry about.
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation
between a dentist and a
patient. Mark the following
statements as true (T) or
false (F).
1
2
Student A: You are a patient. Talk to Student B about:
•
an indirect experience that made you anxious
•
something you saw or read in the mass media
•
how your procedure will go
_ The woman is going to have
root canal surgery.
B an extreme fear
C a belief that something is true, based on what you see or hear
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
The woman's friend lost her
sense of taste after dental
treatment.
3 _ The man shows the woman a
poster explaining the
process.
Student B: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A about his or
her anxiety.
Writing
0 Use the brochure and the conversation from Task 8 to
write notes about the patient's anxieties. Include
information about how the patient felt, the reasons for
the patient's fears and solutions for dealing with the
patient's anxiety.
23
Communicating with Patients
0 Fill in the blanks with the
accomplishment
correct words or phrases:
competence, chat, caring, writes
down, compassionate,
compliment, self-assured,
interaction.
1
2
Reading
f) Read the blog article. Then, choose
the correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the blog?
A to tell patients how best to
communicate with dentists
B
to tell dentists how best to
communicate with patients
C to explain to patients why their
dentists chat to them
D to advertise a course for dentists on
communication techniques
2
3 To gain patients' confidence,
3
Which of the following does Dr Lucas
NOT encourage dentists to talk about?
A hobbies
C accomplishments
Vocabulary
B clothing
D dental hygiene
9 Read the sentences and choose the correct
What does Dr Lucas infer about
dentists who take time to chat with
patients?
A Patients think these dentists are
wasting time.
B
Patients consider these dentists
caring and compassionate.
C Patients think these dentists are
more competent at their jobs.
D Patients are more likely to
compliment these dentists.
4
words.
1
The patient was very appreciativeI caring when the
dentist complimented her on her hair.
2 James had a long complimentI conversationwith his
Dentist: By the way, I read about your 2
in the
local paper. A full scholarship ... that's fantastic.
Dentist: Well, I like to 3
but also on their social skills.
2 Why is it necessary for dentists to
communicate well with their patients?
_
some notes about the patient.
0 Before you read the passage, talk
As a dentist, I'm most concerned about
doing my job properly. I need to treat
patients' teeth in the best possible way. But competence is
not the only quality a dentist needs. Dentists must also be
caring.They must be compassionatetowards their patients.
Only this way will patients have true confidencethat the
dentist wants to help them.
How can dentists show their patients that they care?
Well, first off, you don't have to rush into treatment as soon as
the patient arrives. Take time to chat. Show an interest in their
lives. Ask them about their hobbiesor complimentthem on
their appearance. Don't just give a general compliment, like
'You look nice today'. Point out something specific like a bright
sweater or a new hair cut. Be honest and maintain eye contact.
This will show patients that you are confident and self­
assured.At the end of the appointment, write down what you
learnt about the patient during your conversation.Patients are
always appreciativeif you can remember details about their
lives and accomplishments.
By following these steps, you will see a huge improvement in
dentist to patient interaction!
-- -----
Patient: My parents certainly think so! I'm surprised you saw the
Patients judge dentists not only
on their
What topics can dentists communicate
to patients about?
-------Patient: Thanks for 1
After each appointment, the
dentist
Get ready!
about these questions.
0 " Listen again and complete the conversation.
dentists can't be timid. They
must be
article.
in what my patients are doing. So, you're going to
college in the fall?
Patient: Yes, I am.
Dentist: Will you be able to continue 4
_
while you're there? You know, climbing and canoeing?
Patient: I hope so. I'm surprised you remember so much about
me.Do yous
4 Positive
with patients will reduce their
anxiety and increase their
confidence.
_
_
about your patients?
Dentist: Well, just a note or two in their charts. I have quite a
few patients, so if I don't write things down, I'll forget or
get them 6
_
5 The patient had a(n)
with his dentist about new films.
6 Dr Jenkins isn't very
She doesn't seem to mind when
her patients are in pain.
7
I must
you on
your shoes - they look fantastic!
8 Dr. Summers is very
about how his patients feel and
tries to minimize their discomfort.
0 " Listen and read the blog
article again. What are some
things dentists can talk to
patients about?
Speaking
(i) With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Wow, I like ...
Thanks for the compliment.
I'm surprised you ... !
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B about:
•
his or her appearance
Listening
•
his or her accomplishments
0 " Listen to a conversation
•
his or her hobbies
between a dentist and a
patient. Mark the following
statements as true (T} or
false (F).
StudentB: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about some
aspects of your personal life.
dentist about football.
3 The dentist and his patient both have an interestI
interactionin old cars.
1
4 The new dentist seems to lack confidenceI
competencein his abilities.
2 _ The woman has just finished
5 Dr. Richards read about his patient's accomplishmentI
complimentin the newspaper.
3
6 The new patient's favorite hobby/ chat is scuba diving.
_
The man compliments the
woman on her hair.
college.
_ The man admits that he notes
information about patients'
lives.
Writing
0 Use the blog article and the conversation from Task 8 to
write notes about the patient's personal life that you can
refer to in a later appointment. Include information
about the patient's accomplishments, hobbies, and
what he or she does for a living.
25
Sustainability in
en11stry
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage,
talk about these questions.
1
can do to promote sustainability
in their practices?
conversation.
Dentist: I've been thinking about ways to
improve the 1
_
BANK
What impact can practicing
dentistry have on the
environment?
2 What are some things dentists
f) ~ Listen again and complete the
.,. Fill in the blanks with the correct words
from the word bank.
1
consumption
waste
recycle
wastewater
reduce
low-flow
The dentist
invested
in
machinery to lower energy
energy-efficient
_
2 Dr. Jenkins's staff makes sure to
Manager: You do realize that implementing
improvements 2
_
all materials that can be reused.
Reading
3 The practice's water bill was significantly lower
after
f} Read the article. Then, mark
the following statements as
true (T) or false (F).
1
_ Traditional radiography does
not produce waste products.
2 _ Amalgam contains mercury.
3 _
Using energy-efficient
products can save dental
practices money.
Vocabulary
E) Match the words or phrases
Many dental practices are taking measures to improve sustainability.
By doing so, they are reducing the impact the dentistry profession has
on the environment. If you are interested in making your dental
practice more eco-friendly, here are some things to consider.
•
•
•
•
•
Use of electronic health records saves paper, not to mention
space. Also try to file electronic insurance claims for your patients
to reduce paper waste.
Implement digital radiography. You won't have to dispose of the
fixer and developer needed to develop traditional X-rays.
Invest in an amalgam separator to prevent harmful mercury from
entering the practice's waste water. Amalgam is not separated at
waste water treatment facilities. As a result, it may be released into
public water supplies.
Choose energy-efficient machinery and low-flow water fixtures
whenever possible. You'll lower your consumption of natural
resources and save on utility bills.
Recycle as much as possible. Materials that instruments are
wrapped in such as paper and plastic can be recycled. In addition,
some materials such as amalgam and lead foils for X-rays can also
be recycled.
(1-6) with the definitions (A-F).
1
_
pollution
2 - conservation
3 _ sustainability
4 _ amalgam separator
5 _ energy-efficient
6
electronic health record
A the digital documentation of a
person's medical or oral health
B the act of protecting natural
Dispose of hazardous waste properly to avoid pollution of land
and water.
These are just a few things you can do. There are numerous ways to
make your practice more eco-friendly.
Visit www.greendentists.com/sustainability for more information.
2
4 Pieces of amalgam can contaminate
________
if they are washed down
the drain.
5 To
paper waste, the practice
began sending out email reminders to patients.
6 The
produced by dental
practices can be hazardous to the environment.
0 \f Listen and read the article again. How
can a dental practice reduce paper waste?
Listening
0 " Listen to a conversation between a
dentist and an office manager. Choose the
correct answers.
1
What is the conversation mostly about?
F the practice of using natural
resources while minimizing
damage to the environment
Manager: Maybe. What else do you have in mind?
Dentist: I was thinking of switching to 5
_
Manager: 6
on that. We
won't need all those bulky filing cabinets
anymore. And of course, it will save paper.
Speaking
Q With a partner, act out the roles below
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I've been thinking about ways to ...
What else do you have in mind?
I'm with you on that.
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
about:
•
sustainability measures for the dental practice
C the possible sustainability measures for the
•
some ideas for improving sustainability
•
the cost of the improvements
practice
D the sustainability procedures already in
2 What do the speakers agree on?
environment with damaging
materials
Dentist: 4
and lowflow water fixtures. They'll cut down on our
utility bills and help conserve natural
resources.
B the amount of waste the practice produces
C using less electricity or natural
gas than others of the same type
amalgam after a restoration
placement or removal
Manager: Such as?
A the practice's current financial situation
place at the practice
D a machine that collects pieces of
Dentist: Yes, but I think in some aspects it will
3
in the long run.
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
resources through careful use
E the act of contaminating the
•
fixtures were installed.
, right?
A purchasing energy-efficient appliances
Student B: You are an office manager. Talk to
Student A about improving the dental practice's
sustainability.
B installing low-flow water fixtures
C implementing electronic health records
Writing
D buying an amalgam separator
0 Use the article and the conversation from
Task 8 to write a message from an office
manager to a dentist about sustainability
measures. Include the measures to be
implemented, the possible cost of the
measures, and a timeline for installing the
measures.
Obtaining Licensure
O Fill in the blanks with the
Get ready!
correct words or phrases from
the word bank.
0 Before you read the passage, talk about
Candidate1: What happened?
these questions.
1
Al/ dentists are required to obtain licensure to practice
dentistry. Candidates for licensure apply to a governing
agencyin the location where they want to practice. Licensure
requirementscan vary from place to place, but usually there
are three basic requirements. These are an education
requirement, written exam requirement and a clinicalexam
requirement. A board usually sets forth the requirements for
licensure. /t also determines if a candidate should be issued a
license to practice dentistry.
How do dentists obtain licensure in
2 Why does a dentist practicing
a specialization need specialty
licensure?
In some places, dentists may also have to apply for specialty
licensure. It allows them to practice in the specialty fields of
dentistry such as orthodontics or prosthodontics. Specialty
/icensure requirements may include passing a specialty clinical
exam. Specialists may also need to provide proof of additional
education in the specialty area.
If a dentist relocates, he or she may have to get a new license
specific to the area through the local licensure authority. In
most cases, this does not require meeting any additional
requirements.
In addition to issuing licenses, agencies can also take them
away if dentists are shown to have engaged in misconduct.
They are in charge of disciplining dentists whose behaviors are
not suitable for a member of the profession.
licensure
vary requirement
basic
candidates
issued
1
The
were
anxious while they waited for the
results of their licensure exams.
2
It's important to know all of the
for
licensure in a specific location.
What is the main purpose of the occupational
manual excerpt?
A to explain how to get specialty licensure
the dentist specialty licensure
after she proved she met the
requirements.
4 Most places have the same
requirements
to obtain licensure.
B
again after
he moved from Chicago to
Boston.
from place
to place, it is best to check with
the licensing agency.
Vocabulary
E) Place the words or phrases from the word
to explain specific licensure requirements
C to explain how to get licensure in specific
cities
D to explain common licensure procedures
and rules
written e earn
agency
board
education
authority
clinical exam
specialty licensure
A sets the requirements for getting licensure
B decides who gets to have a degree in
LicensureType
Dentistry
C writes the tests taken for licensure
D investigates Dentists' misconduct
0 \f Listen and read the
occupational manual excerpt
again. What do licensing
agencies do besides issuing
licensure?
Listening
2 According to the text, what does a board do?
Requirements
between two candidates. Mark
the following statements as
true {T) or false (F).
1
C taking a written exam
D going to the local licensure authority
8
_ The speakers both passed
the written exam.
2
The man has not fulfilled the
education requirement.
B passing a clinical exam
IssueLicensure
Candidate1: Oh no!
Candidate2: Yes, but that's not all ... they also told me I didn't
graduate from dental school. I had to go back and
redo my 2
_
Candidate1: That's terrible!
Candidate2: It was. I was sweating when I 3
_
to ask you if you want to study for the
4
together?
Candidate2: Sure. After all, you were the top of our class when
it came 5
_
Candidate1: And you got the best grades in
6~~~~--~~~--~~~-
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Did you get the results of ... ?
I wanted to ask ...
Maybe we should ...
StudentA: You are a candidate. Talk to Student B about:
•
passing the written exam
•
his or her anxiety about the clinical exam
•
studying for the clinical exam together
0 \f Listen to a conversation
3 What may be needed to get a specialty license?
A getting a degree in general Dentistry
, they
5 Dr. Patel had to apply for
6 Since requirements can
bank in the correct box.
1
told me I failed.
Candidate1: At least it was only a dream. By the way, I wanted
3 The board
excerpt. Then, choose the correct answers.
1
Candidate2: Well, I thought I did well, but when I went
BANK
your country?
Reading
f) Read the occupational manual
8 g Listen again and complete the conversation.
3 _ The woman suggests
creating a study group.
StudentB: You are a candidate. Talk to Student A about the
clinical exam.
Writing
0 Use the occupational manual excerpt and the
conversation from Task 8 to write a brochure from a
licensure agency regarding requirements. Include what
the requirements for licensure are, obtaining specialty
licensure, and what to do if you were licensed in another
place.
2
Establishing a Dental Practice
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk
about these questions.
1
2
Why would a dentist prefer to have
his or her own practice?
0 Read the sentences and
Reading
f} Read the blog article. Then, choose the
choose the correct words or
phrases.
correct answers.
1
1
What is the blog article mostly about?
Many of Dr. Harrison's patients
come to him because of word­
A advice on whether or not to open a clinic
of-mouth I businessplan
referrals.
B advice on how to look for work
What are some considerations
for starting a dental practice?
2 The dentist applied for a vacancyI
loan from the bank to start his
C advice on how to open a clinic
D advice on how to build a new clinic
practice.
2 What is needed before getting bank credit?
A building permits
B
C advice from the bank
D a list of patients
a business plan
4 Dr. Stephens left the public
health clinic to work in a permitI
private practice.
3 What is NOT mentioned on how to market for
patients?
A giving discounts for referrals
C making ads for television
6 The dentist was able to get
enough capitalI loan to start his
D putting ads in newspapers
business.
Vocabulary
E) Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
0 \I Listen and read the blog
Talk to dentists that establishedtheir own practices.
They can give you ideas about what kind of capital is
needed to start your practice. Ask about banks that
can provide fundingfor your endeavor. Also solicit
advice on drawing up a successful business plan. You
will need one when applying for loans.
2 permitI equipment
After obtaining funding, decide if you are going to rent
a space in a building or build your own office. Apply for
any necessary business or building permitsfrom your
local government agencies.
Next, purchase equipmentand hire staff for your
practice. Advertise job vacanciesin the newspaper or
on Internet job boards. Have a staff orientation before
opening so you can discuss your expectations with
them.
Finally, you'll need to marketyour practice to potential
patients. Run ads on radio stations and television, and
offer discounts to patients who give word-of-mouth
referrals. Also consider hiring a web designer to create
a website for your practice.
article again. Why should
dentists have a staff
orientation before opening?
establishedI rent
A The dentist
his office
space from a real estate company.
B Dr. Richards and Dr. Ellison decided to
_______
their own private practice.
A Dr. Manglesson needed a(n)
_
to build his own office.
Dentist2: Hmm ... that's actually not a bad idea. We still
2
to buy an existing practice,
of course.
Dentist1: But we'd have equipment, premises, and an
3
in place
already.
Dentist2: That would definitely allow us to get 4
_
quicker.
Dentist1: So, do you think that might be a 5
_____
_
for us to pursue?
Dentist2: Yes, I do. I'm really glad you made that 6
_
Speaking
0 With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
needed
for a dental practice is very expensive.
3 vacancyI businessplan
between two dentists. Mark
the following statements as
true (T1 or false (F).
1
_
school.
2 _ The speakers did not
consider purchasing an
established practice.
B The newly licensed dentist was hired to fill a
3 _ There are several advantages
4 marketI employs
fifteen
employees altogether.
I did some research on ...
We could buy an ...
StudentA: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B about:
•
researching opening a private practice
•
a suggestion made by an experienced dentist
•
the benefits of following the suggestion
Dr. Geritsen was a professor
at the speakers' dental
A The dentist presented the
_
for his private practice to the loan officers at
the bank.
at an established
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Listening
B Purchasing all the
A The dental practice
from a dentist that is moving or retiring. That way,
we wouldn't have to build a practice from the ground up.
Do you think ... ?
0 " Listen to a conversation
job
practice.
_
Then, switch roles.
word or phrase best fits each blank.
1
Dentist1: We could buy an 1
5 Sometimes it can be difficult to
obtain enough fundingI
equipmentto start a practice.
B creating a business website
After completing their studies, new dentists are faced
with a choice. Do they start up their own private
practice or do they find employmentwith an existing
practice? If having your own practice is what appeals
to you, here are some guidelines to help you on your
way.
3 After getting licensure, the
dentist was eager to market I
start up a practice of her own.
0 \I Listen again and complete the conversation.
to buying an existing practice
StudentB: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A about opening
a private practice.
Writing
0 Use the blog article and the conversation from Task 8 to
create notes on opening a private practice. Include a
comparison of building a practice and purchasing an
established practice, the pros and cons of each, and
what route has been decided on.
B Advertisements are the most common way
to
a dentist's services.
3
32
Ethics in Dentistry
Get ready!
0 Before you read the passage, talk about these
questions.
1
What purpose does a code of ethics serve?
Reading
9 Read the article. Then, mark
1
_ Patient confidentiality is part
of the veracity principle.
2 _
Not referring a patient to a
specialist when needed is an
ethics violation.
3 _ Dentists are not permitted to
conversation.
BANK,·,.
ethics
confidentiality
harm
community service
honest
1
3
Dentist 1:
Dr. MacGregor from the Chatham
Clinic has been charged with an
1
_
Dentist 2:
_
I thought you were going to tell me about
some new 2
_
to the
being performed in Europe or something of
that sort.
reported
welfare
The students took a(n)
course during dental school.
2 A dentist was
refuse treatment to patients.
Vocabulary
E) Match the words (1-8) with the
0 Q Listen again and complete the
phrases from the word bank.
the following statements as
true (T) or false (F).
2 What are some ethical behaviors dentists are expected to
engage in?
O Fill in the blanks with the correct words or
licensing authority for malpractice.
Dentist 1:
It's 3
Patients like Dr. McKinley because she is
_________
about what kind of
Dentist 2:
Yes, especially since we 4
_
____
some of our patients to him
in the past. What happened?
Dentist 1:
Apparently he attempted to 5
_
________
on a patient that
he wasn't really familiar with.
Dentist 2:
Attempted? That makes it sound like ...
Dentist 1:
It went 6
afraid it did.
treatment they need.
4 The staff at the Redmond Clinic does
__________
definitions (A-H).
once a month as
beneficence.
-
abuse
2 _
neglect
1
5 Dentists should be concerned about the overall
_________
just their oral health.
3 _ veracity
4 _ justice
7
-
beneficence
of their patients, not
considered intentionally doing
7
nonmaleficence
_
Dentists agree to protect patient
and not discuss details of their treatment.
_
or the right to make one's own
choices
? I'm
Speaking
Q With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
8 _ autonomy
A the state of having independence
, isn't it?
6 Not referring a patient to a specialist can be
5 _ integrity
6
C)
0 " Listen and read the article again. What
should dentists do to ensure they are
following the principle of nonmaleficence?
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Did you see ... ? I What did I miss?
What happened?
B the quality of having high
The first principle is patient autonomy. Patients have the right to accept
or refuse treatment after a dentist informs them of what is needed. Also
included in this principle is confidentiality. Dentists must keep details
about their patients' treatments private.
The second principle is nonmaleficence, or 'do no harm'. Dentists
should keep their education current and train in new procedures to
provide the best care to patients. They also must consult with or refer
patients to specialists for diagnoses out of their range of knowledge.
The third principle is beneficence,or 'do good'. Dentists are required
to promote the welfare of patients and people in general. Under this
principle they are expected to report any abuse or neglect of their
patients to authorities. They are also encouraged to engage in
community service.
professional standards or moral
principles
C a principle that states that health
care providers will not inflict
harm on patients intentionally
D the quality of fairness or
reasonableness in the way
people are treated
E the act of not giving the proper
care to someone or something to
ensure health and safety
The fifth principle is veracity. Dentists must be honest and demonstrate
integrity in their dealings with patients and insurance companies. They
cannot make false claims regarding fees or treatments.
0 " Listen to a conversation between two
dentists. Choose the correct answers.
1
What is the purpose of the conversation?
A to discuss new dental treatments in Europe
G the cruel, violent treatment of a
person
H the act of doing good in order to
help people
Student A: You are a dentist. Talk to Student B
about:
•
a dentist charged with an ethics violation
•
what the dentist did
•
referring patients to the dentist
B to talk about an ethics violation that
occurred
C to debate which specialist to refer patients to
Student B: You are a dentist. Talk to Student A
about the dentist's ethics violation.
D to report a complaint made by a patient
F the truthfulness or honesty of
someone
The fourth principle is justice which ensures fair treatment of patients.
Dentists may not refuse to treat patients based on race, gender,
nationality, or color.
Listening
2 What was Mrs. Garcia's complaint about
Dr. MacGregor?
A He was not honest.
B He hurt her during a procedure.
C He was not knowledgeable.
D He referred her to a specialist.
Writing
0 Use the article and the conversation from
Task 8 to write a letter to patients about the
ethics violation of a dentist. Include the
charges against the dentist, your stance on
ethics, and assurance that you stopped
referring patients to that dentist before the
charges were made.
-l3
Glossary
abuse [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Abuse is the cruel, violent treatment of a person who usually does not have power to stop
is a feeling of sympathy toward another person because you understand
the treatment from occurring.
accessible [ADJ-U4] If a place is accessible, people can easily go to it and use it.
compassionate
accident [N-COUNT-U1] An accident is when something goes wrong in an unplanned way.
compliment [V-T-U11 J To compliment someone is to say something nice about him or her.
accomplishment
confidence [N-UNCOUNT-U11] Confidence is when people feel sure that someone will behave in the way they expect.
[N-COUNT-U11] An accomplishment
is an achievement.
adolescence [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Adolescence is the period between puberty and adulthood.
age [V+U4) To age is to get older.
agency [N-COUNT-U13]An agency is a administrative branch of a government organization.
alcohol (N-UNCOUNT-U7]Alcohol is a drink, such as wine or whisky, which contains ethanol.
allergic reaction [N-COUNT-U7] An allergic reaction is a negative physical reaction, such as a skin rash or swelling,
to substances, situations, or physical states.
amalgam separator [N-COUNT-U12] An amalgam separator is a machine that collects pieces of amalgam after a
restoration placement or removal is performed to keep it from going into the wastewater system.
anxiety [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness and fear.
appearance [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Appearance is the way someone looks.
appreciative [ADJ-U11] If someone is appreciative, they are grateful for something that someone has done.
arrangement [N-COUNT-U6] An arrangement is a plan made between two or more people.
assess [V-T-U6] To assess something is to examine how good or bad it is and make recommendations.
competence
[ADJ-U11] If someone is compassionate,
he or she cares for other people's feelings.
[N-UNCOUNT-U11] Competence is someone's ability to do a job well.
confidentiality [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Confidentiality
to the public.
is the act of keeping information private and not making it available
consultation [N-COUNT-U6] A consultation is an appointment between a patient and a consultant.
consulting dentist [N-COUNT-U6] A consulting dentist is a specialist dentist who receives referrals from primary care
dentists.
consumption [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Consumption
is the act of using natural resources orfuel.
contour [V-T-U2] To contour something is to shape it so that it fits with other units perfectly.
conversation [N-COUNT-U11] A conversation
is an exchange of information between two people.
coordinate [V-1-U6] To coordinate with someone is to discuss and clarify arrangements with him or her.
correlation [N-COUNT-U8] A correlation
is a connection or relationship between two things that is not the result of
chance.
cosmetic dentistry [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Cosmetic dentistry is dental treatment to improve the appearance of the teeth
and mouth.
association [N-COUNT-U8] An association is a connection or relationship between two people or things.
cultural [ADJ-U5] If something is cultural, it is related to the habits of a society or a set of people within a society.
authority [N-COUNT-U13] An authority is an administrative body that oversees a particular activity.
cycle of avoidance [N PHRASE-U1 OJ A cycle of avoidance is when someone avoids going to the dentist until a
problem gets really bad. This results in the need for invasive surgery. The traumatic experience results in the
autonomy [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Autonomy is the state of having independence or the right to make one's own choices.
patient continuing to avoid dental visits.
baby bottle syndrome [N-UNCOUNT-U5] Baby bottle syndrome is a condition in which infants have tooth decay
because they are allowed to suck on a baby bottle, sometimes containing sugary drinks as they sleep.
detail [N-COUNT-U1] A detail is information about minor, but important, points.
basic [ADJ-U13] If something is basic, it is essential.
developmental
beneficence [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Beneficence is the act of doing good in order to help people.
disability [N-COUNT-U9] A developmental
disability is a type of chronic disability that presents
before adulthood (specifically before the age of twenty-two).
birth [N-COUNT-U3] A birth is the moment someone is born.
diabetes [N- UNCOUNT-U8] Diabetes is a serious medical condition that leads to people having too much sugar in
board [N-COUNT-U13] A board is a governing body that makes executive decisions for an organization.
their blood.
diabetes mellitus [N-COUNT-U4] Diabetes mellitus is the common form of diabetes in which the body does not
bonding [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Bonding is a treatment in which a composite material is added to the teeth to improve the
shape.
create enough insulin.
burn [V-T-U1] To burn something is to damage it with heat.
diet [N-COUNT-U5] A diet is the food people eat on a regular basis.
business plan [N-COUNT-U14] A business plan is a document outlining how a new business is going to achieve its
goals.
dietician [N-COUNT-U5] A dietician is a professional who advises people on their food intake.
candidate [N-COUNT-U13] A candidate is someone who is applying for licensure.
disability [N-COUNT-U9] A disability is a condition in which someone cannot use a part of their body correctly or
capital [N-UNCOUNT-U14] Capital is money that can be used as a resource for starting up a business.
direct experience
[N-COUNT-U1 OJ A direct experience is something people do themselves.
cannot learn in a normal manner.
caring [ADJ-U11] If someone is caring, they think about the feelings and needs of others.
discolored [ADJ-U2] If something is discolored, it is not its original color.
chat [V+U11] To chat is to talk informally.
dose frequency [N-COUNT-U7] A dose frequency is the number of times per day that a patient needs to take
childhood [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Childhood is the period between infancy and adolescence.
chipped [ADJ-U2] If something is chipped, it is partly broken and a small piece is missing.
chronic illness [N-COUNT-U8] A chronic illness is disease or condition that is serious, long-lasting, and that cannot
be cured.
medication, vitamins, or supplements in order to promote wellness.
edentulous [ADJ-U4] If someone is edentulous,
he or she has no teeth.
education [N-UNCOUNT-U13] Education is the training and instruction a person receives in a particular subject.
elderly [ADJ-U4] If someone is elderly, he or she is old.
clinical exam [N-COUNT-U13] A clinical exam is a test where the taker has to perform tasks to prove he or she is
proficient at them.
elective [ADJ-U2] If something is elective, someone does it by choice.
cold compress [N-COUNT-U1] A cold compress is a pad containing ice, used to reduce swelling.
medical or oral health.
emergency [N-COUNT-U1] An emergency
community service _[N-UNCOUNT-U15]Community service is a helpful act that is performed by a person for the
good of the public and not personal gain.
34
compassion [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Compassion
that they are suffering and want to help.
electronic health record [N-COUNT-U12] An electronic health record is the digital documentation of a person's
police or fire fighters.
is a serious incident that requires attention from medical personnel, the
35
Glossary
justice [N-UNCOUNT-U15J .. ustice is the quality of fairness or reasonableness in the way people are treated.
employment [N-UNCOUNT-U14] Employment is the condition of working for someone for payment.
kid-friendly [ADJ-U3] If a place is
enameloplasty [N-COUNT-U2] An enameloplasty is when a dentist removes tooth enamel to create a better shaped
kidney d!sease [N-UNCOUNT-UB] /<'.dney disease is when the kidneys become damaged and may eventually stop
working.
tooth.
energy-efficient
[ADJ-U12] If something is energy-efficient,
it uses less electricity or natural gas than others of its
kind.
environment [N-COUNT-U3] An environment is a place and the things in it which make it up.
equipment [N-UNCOUNT-U14] Equipment is the necessary items needed for an activity or purpose.
establish [V-T-U14] To establish something is to start it or set it up with the intent of it continuing or becoming
latex [N-UNCOUNT-U7] _a•e, is a milky and usually white fluid, extracted from milkweed, surge, or poppy plants
which is the source of rubber.
'
liable [ADJ-U6] If someone is ,iaL,e, he or she risks legal action for certain behavior.
licensure [N-UNCOUNT-U13] .. cer s1 e is the act of getting a license to practice a profession.
link [N-COUNT-UB] A "rl< is the way in which two different things are related to or caused by each other.
permanent.
ethics [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Ethics is the system of moral principles that dictates how people in a profession or group
loan [N-COUNT-U14] A 'oan is an amount of money that someone borrows with the condition that he or she will pay it
should act.
factor (N-COUNT-U9J A factor is one of a number of things that affect or cause a situation.
lose [V-T-U1] To lose something is to not have it any longer.
food diary [N-COUNT-U5JA food diary is a record of all food eaten over a period of time.
full mouth reconstruction
[N-COUNT-U2JA full mouth reconstruction
back at a later date.
low-flow (ADJ-U12] If a toilet or faucet is .:> .-'lo",
financial (ADJ-U5J If something is financial, it is related to money.
is a set of treatments to adjust the shape of
the mouth, jaw and teeth, for beauty purposes.
funding (N-UNCOUNT-U14JFunding is the act of providing the money needed to do something.
geriatric (ADJ-U4] If a branch of medicine is geriatric, it deals with treating old people.
geriodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U4] Geriodontics is the study of dental treatment for old people.
gingivoplasty (N-COUNT-U2JA gingivoplasty is when a dentist removes and shapes gum tissue, often to improve
appearance.
habit [N-COUNT-U3JA habit is something someone does often without thinking or for security reasons.
handicap (N-COUNT-U9] A handicap is an outdated term for severe or permanent damage to a person's body or
brain.
harm [N-UNCOUNT-U15JHarm is damage or injury to a person or thing.
heart disease (N-UNCOUNT-UB]Heart disease is any serious medical condition that stops a person's heart from
working normally.
it reduces the amount of water released during use.
market [V-T-U14] To market goods or services is to promote them through the use of advertising or other techniques
to get customers to pay for them.
mass media [N-UNCOUNT-U10]
lass r-.;dia are ways by which information reaches a huge number of people, and
includes newspapers, television and the internet.
mental health [N-UNCOUNT-U7] ..~~n_al heattr is psychological well-being and the absence of mental disorders.
mentally ill [ADJ-U9] If someone is :T'entah/, ', they have a medical condition that affects their thoughts, feelings and
moods. It may also affect their ability to relate to others and to function normally.
mild [ADJ-U9] If a condition is mud, it is not bad or serious.
milk (N-UNCOUNT-U1] Mi k is a white liquid that comes from cows and other mammals.
1
mobile unit [N-COUNT-U4] A mobil ... unn is a dental clinic inside a van or truck which can travel to different places to
treat patients.
mobility [N-UNCOUNT-U9] r obi'i;
is the ability to move your body around with ease.
moderate [ADJ-U09] lf a condition is moderate, it is worse than mild but not as bad as severe.
moist [ADJ-U1] lf something is
.ost, it is slightly wet.
helplessness [N-UNCOUNT-U1OJ Helplessness is the feeling that someone has no control over what happens.
neglect [N-UNCOUNT-U15]
hobby [N-COUNT-U11] A hobby is something you enjoy doing for fun.
and safety.
nonmaleficence [N-UNCOUNT-U15] l\lon nare: .cer-ce is a principle in the health care professions that states that
health care providers such as doctors and dentists will not inflict harm on patients intentionally.
holistic [ADJ-UBJ If something is holistic, it addresses all aspects of something rather than dealing with only specific
aspects of it. In terms of medicine, it means treating a person's entire body, rather than just the body parts that are
sick.
honest [ADJ-U 15J If someone is honest, he or she tells the truth or does not cheat, lie or break the law.
hospitalize [V-T-U7J To hospitalize someone to check them into a hospital for treatment.
,1~ g1ect is the act of not giving the proper care to someone or something to ensure health
nursing home (N-COUNT-U4] A nurs: l:l hr"'1e is a place where old people live together and get full-time care.
nutrient deficiency disease [N-COUNT-U5] A utr.em cenciency disease is an illness caused by eating too few
healthy foods.
r utrition is the scientific study of food intake.
illness [N-COUNT-U7] An illness is a sickness or an unhealthy condition of the body or mind.
nutrition [N-UNCOUNT-U5]
indirect experience (N-COUNT-U1OJ An indirect experience is something that someone else has done.
obligation [N-COUNT-U6] An obliqa.ron is something a person must do, often for professional or ethical reasons.
inflammation [N-UNCOUNT-UBJInflammation is a region of the body that is swollen, painful and sometimes red. It is
usually the result of infection or injury.
inquiry [N-COUNT-U6JAn inquiry is an examination into the conduct or work carried out by a professional.
integrity [N-UNCOUNT-U1SJ Integrity is the quality of having high professional standards or moral principles.
operation [N-COUNT-U7] An operation is the performance of invasive surgery to provide treatment for an illness or
injury.
osteoporosis [N-UNCOUNT-U8] '"ister ;,01
3 is a medical condition where a person's bones lose some of their
strength and become more likely to break.
interaction [N-COUNT-U11J Interaction is communication between two or more people or groups.
pediatric [ADJ-U3] If a branch of health care is ..,ediatric, it deals with treating children.
interest [N-UNCOUNT-U11] Interest is curiosity about a person or thing.
pedodontics [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Pedoc.o, n·cs is the study of dental treatment for children.
invasive [ADJ-U1OJ If treatment is invasive, it involves cutting into the body.
issue [V-T-U13J To issue something is to give it to someone.
junk food [N-UNCOUNT-U5J Junk food is pre-prepared food that is high in fats and sugars.
6
d-J1end1y, it is suitable for children.
1
c
permit [N-COUNT-U14] A oerl'Tli• is a document that gives a person permission to do something, such as erect a
building or start a business.
personal information [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Pe1·sona rif~ rr a.ior is information about an individual, including but not
limited to one's full name, address, contact information, and Social Security Number.
Glossary
phobia [N-COUNT-U1OJ A phobia is an extreme fear, sometimes unfounded, which prevents normal functioning.
special needs (N-UNCOUNT-U3] Special needs is the educational and medical treatment of children with physical
mental or emotional problems.
'
physical limitation [N-COUNT-U9] A physical limitation is something that stops a person from moving or controlling
their body in the way that they want, or in the way that most people can move.
physician [N-COUNT-U7] A physician is a medical doctor who is educated, clinically experienced, and licensed to
provide medical care which does not involve surgery.
pollution [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Pollution is the act of contaminating the environment with chemicals, waste products, or
other damaging materials.
specialty licensure [N-COUNT-U13] Specialty licensure is the act of getting a license to practice in a specific area of
a profession that usually requires more education and training.
stage [N-COUNT-U3] A stage is a period of time when someone has similar attributes.
stain (N-COUNT-U2] A stain is a mark of a different color from the original color.
start up (V-T-U14] To start up a business is to begin its operations.
preference [N-COUNT-U6] A preference is something you like more than something else.
stereotype [N-COUNT-U9] A stereotype is a belief or idea about what a specific kind of person or thing is like.
pregnant [ADJ-U7] If a woman is pregnant, she is carrying an embryo or fetus inside of her womb, or uterus, with the
stimulus generalization [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Stimulus generalization is the trends and beliefs put forward through
books, television and other media, which then become accepted as truth by society.
expectation of having a baby.
preserve (V-T-U1] To preserve something is to keep it fresh and useable.
stressful (ADJ-U1 OJ If an experience is stressful, it evokes feelings of nervousness and fear.
preventative care (N-UNCOUNT-U3] Preventative care is treatment and advice to stop illnesses occurring, before
stroke [N-COUNT-U8] A stroke is a medical condition where blood cannot reach a person's brain due to a blood
vessel or artery breaking or becoming blocked.
they occur.
private (ADJ-U14] If something is private, it belongs to an individual person.
stuck [ADJ-U1] If something is stuck, it cannot move or get out.
prone [ADJ-U8] If someone is prone to something, he or she is likely to suffer or be affected by something bad or
sustainability [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Sustainability is the practice of using natural resources while minimizing damage to
the natural environment.
unpleasant.
qualification (N-COUNT-U6] A qualification is a document awarded after a course of study has been successfully
completed.
reason [N-COUNT-U7) A reason is a rational statement that is offered to explain cause, justification, or motive.
systemic disease [N-COUNT-U4] A systemic disease is an illness that affects many parts of the body, or the whole
body.
recall (V-T-U5) To recall something is to remember it.
tell, show, do technique [N-UNCOUNT-U10] Tell, show do technique is a method by which dentists explain a
procedure to a patient before performing it.
recycle (V-T-U12) To recycle something is to save it or process it so that it can be used again.
tobacco (N-UNCOUNT-U7] Tobacco is a plant whose leaves are cultivated for the purpose of smoking or chewing.
reduce [V-T-U12]To reduce something is to make less of it.
traumatic [ADJ-U1 OJ If something is traumatic, it creates shock and long-lasting, emotional distress.
refer [V-T-U6]To refer a patient is to send him or her to another health professional for treatment.
trust [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Trust is when someone believes that someone will do what they say they will do.
referring dentist [N-COUNT-U6] A referring dentist is the primary care dentist who refers a patient to a specialist for
treatment.
understanding [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Understanding is sympathy that comes from knowing how people feel and why
they might act in a certain way.
reinforce [V-T-U10]To reinforce something is to strengthen it.
vacancy [N-COUNT-U14] A vacancy is an open position in a workplace.
rent [V-T-U14)To rent something is to pay money on a regular basis to its owner in order to use it.
vary (V-T-U13] To vary is to be different from something else.
report [V-T-U15)To report something is to tell someone else information about an event.
veracity [N-COUNT-U15] Veracity is the truthfulness or honesty of someone.
requirement [N-COUNT-U13) A requirement is something that is needed for a purpose.
vicarious learning [N-UNCOUNT-U1 OJ Vicarious learning is the process of learning something through the
reserve (V-T-U1]To reserve something is to save it for a particular use.
experiences and emotions of another person.
restriction [N-COUNT-U5] A restriction is something that limits behavior.
visual aid [N-COUNT-U5] A visual aid is a picture or diagram which helps people present and learn information.
retain [V-T-U4)To retain something is to keep it.
waste [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Waste is unwanted or unusable materials that are discarded.
rinse [V-T-U1] To rinse something is to wash it out.
waste water [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Waste water is water that has been used and contains waste.
role [N-COUNT-U6) A role is the part someone plays in a process and the responsibilities he or she has.
welfare [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Welfare is a person's state of well-being in respect to being healthy and safe.
save [V-T-U1)To save something is to prevent it from being damaged so that it can be used again.
wheelchair [N-COUNT-U4] A wheelchair is a chair with wheels used by people who are unable to walk or have
sculpt [V-T-U2] To sculpt something is to shape it to look attractive.
difficulty walking.
second opinion (N-COU~T-~6] A second opinion is when a second expert is asked to diagnose a problem or assess
treatment when a patient rs unsure of the first medical practitioner's diagnosis.
whitening [N-COUNT-U2] A whitening is when teeth are treated to make them look whiter.
self-assured [ADJ-U11] If someone is self-assured, they are confident about their abilities.
write down [V-T-U11] To write down something is to make a note of it on paper.
senior (ADJ-U4] If a person is senior, he or she is elderly.
severe [ADJ-U9) If a condition is severe, it is very bad and causes a lot of problems.
smile makeover [N-COUNT-U2] A smile makeover is a consultation and set of dental treatments to improve the
appearance of someone's smile.
word-of-mouth
[N PHRASE-U14] Word-of-mouth is when a person tells another person information about something.
written exam [N-COUNT-U13] A written exam is a test in text format where the taker must answer questions about a
subject in his or her own words.
xerostomia (N-UNCOUNT-U4] Xerostomia is a condition in which patients suffer from a dry mouth.
soft drink [N-COUNT-U5) A soft drink is a drink which is non-alcoholic and is usually high in sugar.
38
3
The ideal series to help professionals and students develop the
language skills they need to succeed in a professional work situation
Career Paths: Dentistry is a new educational resource for dental professionals who want
to improve their English communication in a work environment. Incorporating career-specific
vocabulary and contexts, each unit offers step-by-step instruction that immerses students
,
in the four key language components: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Career
Paths: Dentistry addresses topics including teeth, gum disorders,
cleaning, tooth
extraction, and hygiene.
The series is organized into three levels of difficulty and offers over 400 vocabulary terms
and phrases. Every unit includes a test of reading comprehension, vocabulary, and listening
skills, and leads students through written and oral production.
Included Features:
• A variety of realistic reading passages
• Career-specific dialogues
• 45 reading and listening comprehension checks
• Over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases
• Guided speaking and writing exercises
• Complete glossary of terms and phrases
The Teacher's Guide contains detailed lesson plans, a full answer key and audio scripts.
The audio CDs contain all recorded material.
4W
Express Publishing
ISBN 978·1-4715-4669-3
11111111 I
9"781471 546693