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IEEE Std 1584.1-2022: Arc-Flash Hazard Study Specification Guide
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IEEE Industry Applications Society Developed by the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee IEEE Std 1584.1™-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 1584.1-2013) STANDARDS IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ IEEE Std 1584.1™-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 1584.1-2013) IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Developed by the Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Approved 13 May 2022 IEEE SA Standards Board Abstract: Guidance for the specification and performance of an arc-flash hazard calculation study, in accordance with the process defined in IEEE Std 1584™, is provided in this document. The minimum recommended requirements to enable the owner to specify an arc-flash hazard calculation study, including scope of work and associated deliverables, is outlined. Keywords: arc fault currents, arc-flash boundary, arc-flash hazard, arc-flash hazard analysis, arcflash hazard marking, arc in enclosures, arc in open air, bolted fault currents, electrical hazard, IEEE 1584™, IEEE 1584.1™, incident energy, protective device coordination study, short-circuit study, working distances The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 2022 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 12 July 2022. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. 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Participants At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations Working Group had the following membership: Daleep Mohla, Chair Jim Phillips, Vice Chair D.Ray Crow, Secretary Antony Parsons, 1584.1 Subgroup Chair Dave Rewitzer, 1584.1 Subgroup Vice-Chair Albert Marroquin, 1584.1 Subgroup Secretary Mohamed Abouelella Steve Adams Jim Babcock Adam Baker Kevin Bates Patrick Baughman Terry Becker Michael Bryant Terry Bowman Rachel Bugaris Tim Buttram Brian Cadman Eric Campbell Kyle Carr Mark Chatburn Kenneth Cheng Eva Clark George Cole Richard Dale Joseph Damm Daniel Doan Paul Dobrowsky Mike Doherty Thomas Domitrovich Ryan Downey David Durocher Andrew Drutel Paul M. Eaton Nehad El-Sherif Byron Eldridge Stevon Emeret Michael Farrell Mark A. Fisher Frank Foote Colin Frentzel Robert Furh Austin Gaunce J.W. (Bill) Gnan Mikhail Golovkov Walter Gonzalez Lloyd Gordon Rene Graves Kirk Gray Jimmy Guerrero John Hemstead Dennis J. Hill Hugh Hoagland Lee Hong Matt Hussey Jason Jonas David Jones Kenneth S. Jones Joshua Kerr Deepthi Kofamyaju Mike Lang Phil Lasek Robert G. Lau Wei-Jen Lee Vincent Leffler Robert Leroy Jeremy Lieland Poojit Lingam Kevin Lippert Peter McNutt Russell Moder Sharon Mullen David Pace Dwaraka Padimiti Greg Pagello Sergio A. Panetta Thomas Papallo Steve Park Christopher Pavese Jay Prigmore Rahul Rajvanshi Adam Reeves Tim Roher Zia Salami Ruperto Sanchez Edwin Scherry Dave Scheuerman David Shank Simon Robert Jeremy Smith Robert Spang Craig Starr Jesus Talavera Namgay Tshering Raymund Torres Marcelo Valdes Raghu Veera-Raghavan Irfan Waseem Doug Wettekin Jim White† Kenneth P. White David Wood Stephen Wood Alex Wu Zarheer Zooma †Deceased The following members of the individual Standards Association balloting group voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Mohamed Abouelella Robert Aiello Robert Arno James Babcock Peter Baen Louis Barrios Kevin Bates Terry Becker Frederick Brockhurst Paul Cardinal Michael Dana Carlson Raymond Catlett 7 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. Michael Chirico Timothy Croushore D.Ray Crow J.J. Dai Paul Dobrowsky Thomas Domitrovich Gary Donner Neal Dowling Andrew Drutel Donald Dunn Robert Durham David Durocher Paul Eaton Nehad El-Sherif Keith Flowers Gary Fox Carl Fredericks Robert Fuhr Mark Gibbs Pamela Gold Mikhail Golovkov Walter Gonzalez Lou Grahor Paul Guidry Paul Hamer Robert Hanna John Hempstead Chris Heron Lee Herron Dennis J. Hill Werner Hoelzl Robert Hoerauf Lee Hong Richard Jackson Kenneth Jones Zarheer Jooma Laszlo Kadar John Kay Peter Kelly Chad Kennedy Joshua Kerr Yuri Khersonsky Mikhail Lagoda Michael Lang Robert G. Lau Wei-Jen Lee Todd Legette Steven Liggio Poojit Lingam Kevin Lippert William Lockley Jessica Maldonado Albert Marroquin William Maxwell Larry Mcguire Daleep Mohla Paul Myers Warren Naylor Daniel Neeser Dennis Neitzel John Nelson Arthur Neubauer James Niemira Joe Nims Sivaraman P David Pace Lorraine Padden Sergio Panetta Antony Parsons Bansi Patel Howard Penrose Branimir Petosic Christopher Petrola Jim Phillips Rahul Rajvanshi Pon Ramachandra Moorthy Ramasamy Lakshman Raut Adam Reeves Ryandi Ryandi Vincent Saporita Todd Sauve Trevor Sawatzky Bartien Sayogo Dale Scherry Heribert Schorn Robert Seitz Gregory Shirek Suresh Shrimavle Arthur Smith Jerry Smith Gary Smullin Kris Sommerstad Paul Sullivan Peter Sutherland Michael Thompson Wayne Timm Raymund Torres Namgay Tshering Luis Vargas Raul Velazquez John Vergis Michael Wactor Keith Waters Matt Westerdale Kenneth P. White Kenneth White James Wolfe Iain Wright Dean Yager John Yale Jian Yu Mark Zawadzki When the IEEE SA Standards Board approved this guide on 13 May 2022, it had the following membership: David J. Law, Chair Ted Burse, Vice Chair Gary Hoffman, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Edward A. Addy Ramy Ahmed Fathy J.Travis Griffith Guido R. Hiertz Yousef Kimiagar Joseph L. Koepfinger* Thomas Koshy John D. Kulick Johnny Daozhuang Lin Kevin Lu Daleep C. Mohla Andrew Myles Damir Novosel Annette D. Reilly Robby Robson Jon Walter Rosdahl *Member Emeritus 8 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. Mark Siira Dorothy V. Stanley Lei Wang F.Keith Waters Karl Weber Sha Wei Philip B. Winston Daidi Zhong Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1584.1-2022, IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™. This guide has been developed by the Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations Working Group to support the application of IEEE Std 1584. 9 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.1 Scope�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.2 Purpose����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.3 Word usage����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.4 Items not included in this guide���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 2. Normative references�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 3.1 Definitions������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 12 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 4. Arc-flash hazard calculation study general guidelines������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 4.1 General����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 4.2 Application of IEEE Std 1584-2018��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 4.3 Typical bus gap and enclosure sizes���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 4.4 Minimum scope���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 4.5 Minimum deliverables������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 15 5. System modes of operation����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 6. Data required and collection���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 7. Bolted fault current������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 16 8. Arc duration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 9. Additional arc-flash hazard calculation considerations����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 9.1 Electrode configuration considerations���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 9.2 Enclosure size considerations������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 10. Arc-flash hazard calculation study report������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 Annex A (normative) Task matrix and data collections considerations���������������������������������������������������������� 19 Annex B (normative) Suggested deliverables for arc flash study report��������������������������������������������������������� 23 Annex C (informative) Arc duration considerations��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 Annex D (informative) Incident energy reduction considerations������������������������������������������������������������������ 27 Annex E (informative) Bibliography�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 10 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard provides guidance for the specification and performance of an arc-flash hazard analysis, in accordance with the process defined in IEEE Std 1584™, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations.6 It provides the minimum scope and deliverables for an arc-flash study. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to enable stakeholders to understand the minimum scope of work and deliverables required for an arc-flash study. Stakeholders are responsible for personnel in facilities and installations with electrical energy as a potential hazard to employees and other personnel. Stakeholders include but are not limited to employers, owners, operators, and contractors as well as those who are responsible for the specification or the performance of a study. 1.3 Word usage The word shall indicates mandatory requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted (shall equals is required to).7,8 The word should indicates that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required (should equals is recommended that). The word may is used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard (may equals is permitted to). Information on references can be found in Clause 2. The use of the word must is deprecated and cannot be used when stating mandatory requirements; must is used only to describe unavoidable situations. 8 The use of will is deprecated and cannot be used when stating mandatory requirements; will is only used in statements of fact. 6 7 11 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ The word can is used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal (can equals is able to). 1.4 Items not included in this guide The following items are not within the scope of IEEE 1584, and therefore are not addressed in this guide: — Recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) to mitigate arc-flash hazards. — Recommendations for content of equipment labels.9,10 — Recommendations for the reduction of incident energy — Performing short-circuit and coordination studies — Verification of data supplied by the owner — Evaluation of the suitability of installed equipment versus applicable ratings — Estimation of arc-flash hazards for single-phase alternating-current (ac) systems or direct-current (dc) systems. Three-phase ac systems above 15 kV are outside the range of the IEEE 1584-2018 model. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 1584™-2018, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations.11,12 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. These definitions are extracted from IEEE Std 1584-2018 and included for reference only. IEEE Std 1584-2018 and the IEEE Standards Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.13 arc: A plasma cloud formed in a gap between two electrodes with sufficient potential difference. arc current: See: arcing fault current. arc duration: See: clearing time. arc flash: An electric arc event with thermal energy dissipated as radiant, convective, and conductive heat. arc-flash boundary: A distance from a prospective arc source at which the incident energy is calculated to be 5.0 J/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2). The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex E. See standards such as CSA Z462 [B1], NFPA 70E® [B9], or other applicable documents for information on requirements for equipment labels. 11 IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (https://standards.ieee.org/). 12 The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 13 IEEE Standards Dictionary Online is available at: http://dictionary.ieee.org. An IEEE Account is required for access to the dictionary, and one can be created at no charge on the dictionary sign-in page. 9 10 12 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ arc-flash hazard: A dangerous condition associated with an electric arc likely to cause possible injury. arc-flash hazard calculation: The use of equations to compute the incident energy at a specific working distance and the arc-flash boundary. Syn: arc-flash analysis, arc-flash study. arcing fault current: A fault current flowing through an electrical arc plasma. Syn: arc current. bolted fault: A short-circuit condition that assumes zero impedance exists at the point of the fault. clearing time: The total time between the beginning of a specified overcurrent and the final interruption of the circuit at rated voltage. Syn: arc duration. electrode configuration: The orientation and arrangement of the electrodes used in the testing performed for the IEEE 1584 model development.14 fault current: A current that flows from one conductor to ground or to another conductor owing to an abnormal connection (including an arc) between the two conductors. incident energy: The amount of thermal energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electric arc event. NOTE 1—The incident energy is calculated at the working distance. Incident energy increases as the distance from the potential arc source decreases, and the incident energy decreases as the distance increases.15 See: working distance. NOTE 2—The units used to measure incident energy are joules per square centimeter (J/cm2) or calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2). owner: The person or entity who is requesting the arc-flash hazard calculation study to be performed. qualified person: A person who performs arc-flash hazard calculations by using skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations. Also has experience in power system studies and arc-flash hazard analysis. radial system: A power system that is supplied from only one source. working distance: The distance between the potential arc source and the face and chest of the worker performing the task. 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations CT current transformer HCB horizontal conductors/electrodes inside a metal box/enclosure MCC motor control center VCB vertical conductors/electrodes inside a metal box enclosure VCBB vertical conductor/electrodes terminated in an insulating barrier inside a metal box enclosure 14 15 Information on references can be found in Clause 2. Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. 13 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ 4. Arc-flash hazard calculation study general guidelines 4.1 General Application of this guide provides guidance for specification and performance of arc-flash hazard calculations for three-phase electrical equipment operating at voltages ranging from 208 V to 15 kV ac within the range of model defined in IEEE Std 1584-2018. Details on common elements of an arc-flash hazard calculation study are given in the body of this guide. Discussions between the owner and qualified person(s) performing the study can establish the scope of work of the analysis project as well as determine who is responsible for various work tasks. Annex B provides a checklist that may be used to help specify suggested deliverables as well as the parties responsible for providing them. NOTE—Further information and calculation examples on how to apply IEEE Std 1584-2018 can be found in Annex D of IEEE Std 1584-2018. 4.2 Application of IEEE Std 1584-2018 Information from system studies such as short-circuit current and overcurrent protective device coordination, as well as other relevant information such as single line diagrams, is needed for performing arc-flash hazard calculation studies. Guidance on conducting system studies or confirmation of accuracy of information provided is outside the approved scope of this guide. The process and methodology of calculating short-circuit and performing protective-device coordination is covered in standards such as IEEE Std 551 (IEEE Violet Book) [B6], IEEE Std 3002.3 [B7], IEC 60909-0 [B2], IEEE Std 242 (IEEE Brown Book) [B4], IEEE Std 399 (IEEE Buff Book) [B5], and other applicable standards. The owner and the person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study can determine the process for obtaining relevant data (e.g., existing studies and/or data collection for new studies). See Annex A for further information on commonly required data to be supplied by the owner. Application of IEEE Std 1584 is based on the following: a) Single-line diagrams and a description of modes of operation for the facility are provided. b) Short-circuit studies with data for defined modes of operation within the scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study provide data on three-phase rms symmetrical bolted fault current. c) Overcurrent protective device coordination studies of equipment within the scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study provide data on device characteristics that can be used to determine arcing duration. d) Electrical equipment is installed, operated, and maintained as required by applicable codes, standards, manufacturer’s instructions, and it is applied in accordance with its ratings. e) The arc-flash hazard calculation study is performed by qualified person(s). f) Working distances for equipment within the scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study are defined. Actual working distances are preferred. Typical working distances are provided in IEEE Std 1584-2018, Table 10. See Annex B for further information on suggested deliverables to be provided by the qualified person performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study. 4.3 Typical bus gap and enclosure sizes Use of data based on actual working distances and enclosure opening sizes is preferred. The typical gaps provided are based on the laboratory test setups and not on actual equipment testing, but they may approximate 14 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ conductor gaps in actual equipment. Typical values may be used in the calculations as per agreement between the owner and the qualified person performing the study. Identify in the report where default values are used as the basis of calculations. Actual data on working distances, conductor gaps, or enclosure opening sizes may not be available in some cases, such as when conducting a preliminary study in the design stage of a new facility where the exact electrical equipment to be used has not been selected, or in an existing facility where in-service equipment cannot be opened. IEEE Std 1584-2018 contains typical data for working distances, conductor gaps, and enclosure opening sizes, as shown in Table 1. Table 1—Classes of equipment and typical bus gaps Enclosure Size (H × W × D) Typical bus gaps (mm) SI units (metric) Imperial units 15 kV switchgear 152 1143 mm × 762 mm × 762 mm 45 in × 30 in × 30 in 15 kV MCC 152 914.4 mm × 914.4 mm × 914.4 mm 36 in × 36 in × 36 in Equipment class 5 kV switchgear 104 914.4 mm × 914.4 mm × 914.4 mm 36 in × 36 in × 36 in 5 kV switchgear 104 1143 mm × 762 mm × 762 mm 45 in × 30 in × 30 in 5 kV MCC 104 660.4 mm × 660.4 mm × 660.4 mm 26 in × 26 in × 26 in Low-voltage switchgear 32 508 mm × 508 mm × 508 mm 20 in × 20 in × 20 in Shallow low-voltage MCCs and panelboards 25 355.6 mm × 304.8 mm × ≤ 203.2 mm 14 in × 12 in × ≤ 8 in Deep low-voltage MCCs and panelboards 25 355.6 mm × 304.8 mm × >203.2 mm 14 in × 12 in × >8 in Cable junction box 13 355.6 mm × 304.8 mm × ≤ 203.2 mm or 355.6 mm × 304.8 mm × >203.2 mm 14 in × 12 in × ≤ 8 in or 14 in × 12 in × >8 in 4.4 Minimum scope The minimum scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study deliverable would be to provide information required in 4.5 for all locations or equipment as agreed upon by the owner and the qualified person(s) performing the study. This could include analysis at all locations where workers may be exposed to arc-flash hazards during examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of equipment while energized. 4.5 Minimum deliverables The arc-flash hazard calculation study can include a spreadsheet or tabulation with the following information for each piece of electrical equipment within the scope of the analysis: — Equipment identification number — Three-phase rms symmetrical bolted fault current — Arcing fault current — Arcing duration — Arc-flash boundary distance — Incident energy level — Working distance See Clause 10, Annex B, and Table B.1 for further information on the arc-flash hazard calculation study report and deliverables. 15 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ 5. System modes of operation The number of scenarios and configurations to be considered for an arc-flash hazard calculation study are dependent on the power distribution system and modes of operation (e.g., switching configurations) under normal and special conditions. Simple radial systems may only have one mode of operation (e.g., all electrical equipment fed from one utility source), and the analysis in such systems may be straightforward. More complex systems or larger systems may have several sources of supply, standby or emergency power sources, multiple redundant distribution paths, etc. Since different modes of operation can result in different levels of available fault current, arc-flash hazard calculation study results can vary for each mode of operation considered. In addition, sophisticated relaying systems may respond differently based on system operating condition or user input. When selecting the scenarios and configurations that are to be analyzed, consider identified system operating conditions that affect calculation results (in particular fault current paths or levels). Complex systems may require more time to accurately model and to run relevant scenarios. Individuals familiar with the operating modes and configurations of the system (e.g., owners, operators) should be consulted when selecting the study scenarios. IEEE Std 1584-2018 provides examples of various system modes of operation that may need to be considered. 6. Data required and collection The qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study determines the information required to conduct this study. Information such as single-line diagram(s), equipment data, available bolted fault current levels, and protective device information that may be used to determine arc durations are important parts of an arc-flash hazard calculation study. If the needed information is not available, this can be addressed separately between the owner and qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study. See Annex A and Table A.1 for information on the data that may be required for an arc-flash hazard calculation study. 7. Bolted fault current One input to the IEEE Std 1584-2018 model is the available bolted fault three-phase rms symmetrical shortcircuit current for locations within the scope of the study. See Clause 10 and Annex B for further information required for arc-flash hazard calculation study deliverables. 8. Arc duration One input to the IEEE Std 1584-2018 model is the arc duration, which is considered as equal to the clearing time of the applicable overcurrent protective device(s). See Annex C for further information on considerations that may affect the arc duration. See Clause 10 and Annex B for further information required for arc-flash hazard calculation study deliverables. 9. Additional arc-flash hazard calculation considerations 9.1 Electrode configuration considerations Evaluate the electrical equipment to determine the electrode configuration(s) to be used in the arc-flash hazard calculation study. For some equipment, it may be possible to use more than one configuration. In such cases, the qualified person performing the study can determine the appropriate electrode configuration(s) to be used. 16 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ 9.2 Enclosure size considerations Actual enclosure opening size data may be used based on electrical equipment drawings or field measurements. It also may be possible to define typical dimensions that could be used for a given class of electrical equipment to provide conservative results while minimizing data collection requirements. Consider the basis of the calculations, including where default values are used for analysis, in the project work scope. Annex G of IEEE Std 1584 provides additional information on calculations performed with default and actual equipment enclosure sizes. If electrical equipment contains multiple compartments of varying sizes, the qualified person performing the study determines how results will be calculated and reported upon consultation with the owner. 10. Arc-flash hazard calculation study report The arc-flash hazard calculation study report may be provided in printed and/or electronic format, as agreed upon by the owner and the qualified person performing this study. The following information is suggested to be included in the report: — Executive summary — Scope — Methodology used, including: • Other system studies that may have been utilized or performed in conjunction with performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study such as: short circuit and equipment evaluation studies and overcurrent protective device coordination studies • Basis of study, including assumptions made • Results of the study — Description of modes of operation of the system and details of the modes evaluated — All applicable protective devices within the scope of the study — Arc-flash results: A tabulated form or spreadsheet including a listing of all electrical equipment that had arc-flash hazard values calculated as part of the analysis. Alternative reporting formats may be discussed by the qualified person performing the arc-flash hazard calculations study and the owner. — For each location, include information as applicable: • Equipment identification • The three phase rms symmetrical bolted fault current from the short circuit study • The calculated arcing current (see 4.9 and 4.10 of IEEE Std 1584-2018) • Identification of overcurrent protection device with its clearing time • Enclosure dimensions and type (e.g., shallow or typical) (see 9.2) • Enclosure size correction factor • Electrode configurations used • Gap between conductors (actual or default) (see 4.2) • Working distance (actual or default) (see 4.2) • Incident energy at working distance • Arc-flash boundary 17 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ • — System mode of operation if applicable Documentation of the basis of calculations, such as study input data, including the source of the information (owner-provided, calculated, typical values, etc.): • System modes of operation • Circuit breaker/relay types, manufacturer, and settings • Fuse sizes, types, and manufacturer • Equipment types (LV and MV MCCs, switchgear, switchboards, panelboards, etc.), enclosure box sizes, electrode configurations, and gap(s) between conductors — Some of the items above are suggested for inclusion in the arc-flash spreadsheet. Consideration may be given to organizing the protective devices listed in the output, along with their settings and ratings, based on the enclosure type. This will aid the owner in implementing the results of the study. — Single-line diagram(s). The single-line diagrams may contain details on all elements within the scope of the arc-flash study as well as names/designations on the one-line diagram(s) consistent with the tabulation of study results shown in the report. — Documentation of software identification (manufacturer, version, and option settings) used in the arcflash hazard calculation study Additional information is provided in Annex B and Table B.1. 18 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Annex A (normative) Task matrix and data collections considerations A.1 Task matrix of work items for arc-flash hazard calculation study This task matrix may be used as an example of a checklist (see Table A.1) to help define the scope of work specifically related to gathering data required for the arc-flash hazard calculation study by clarifying which item(s) are required and who may be responsible for gathering or providing this information. If the owner does not complete the checklist, then the qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study may clarify responsibilities included in the proposal. Data may be provided on marked-up single-lines or on data sheets supplied by the person providing the arc-flash hazard calculation study. Guidance on conducting system studies or confirmation of the accuracy of information provided is outside the approved scope of this standard. The process and methodology of calculating short-circuit and performing protective-device coordination is covered in standards such as IEEE Std 551 (IEEE Violet Book) [B6], IEEE Std 3002.3 [B7], IEC 60909-0 [B2], IEEE Std 242 (IEEE Buff Book) [B4], IEEE Std 399 (IEEE Brown Book) [B5], and other applicable standards. Follow the guidance in the applicable documents utilized for performing short-circuit studies. Table A.1—Checklist for data collection and defining scope of work Task Owner Qualified Person Performing Study Quantity/Other Comments General information Utility information— Three-phase rms symmetrical bolted fault current including system impedances If a short-circuit study is required see A.3 Utility protective device for service, including mfg., type, model, ratings, and settings Supply transformer with primary/ secondary voltages, grounding methods, rating in kVA, percent impedance, nominal operating voltage (if different from transformer rated voltage), and transformer tap information If a short-circuit study is required and available short-circuit information is not available Level of incident energy to provide incident energy reduction recommendations Owner to decide on performance requirements Determination of the suitability for the potential use of main overcurrent devices located internal to equipment for arc-flash calculations (enclosure isolation) (see C.3) Modes of operation to be evaluated If necessary, attach a document with details Fuses: size, manufacturer, model Circuit breakers: size, manufacturer, model, settings Table continues 19 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Table A.1—Checklist for data collection and defining scope of work (continued) Task Owner Qualified Person Performing Study Quantity/Other Comments Protective relays: manufacturer, model, settings, and CT (current transformer) ratings Single-line diagrams Available drawing number(s) Equipment to be included in the arc-flash hazard calculation study Medium-Voltage Equipment (> 1 kV – 15 kV) Switchgear Switches, fused cutouts, and circuit breakers MCC (Motor control centers) Power factor correction capacitors, or reactors Transformers Generators, and generator excitation equipment Adjustable speed drives Low-Voltage Equipment (≤ 1 kV) Switchgear Switchboards Distribution panels Lighting panels Misc. power panels UPS (uninterruptable power supplies) ATS (automatic transfer switches) Adjustable speed drives Plug-in busways Separately mounted fused switches or circuit breakers Motor local disconnect switches Motor terminal boxes Not commonly included in the analysis Industrial control panels and dimensions Motor starters (if not integral to an MCC) Other Study data gathering tasks if shortcircuit or coordination studies are required to be performed Wire information: material (Al or Cu), cable construction (1/C,3/C), sizes (AWG), raceway type (metallic or non-metallic), conductor lengths, and number of conductors per phase Table continues 20 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Table A.1—Checklist for data collection and defining scope of work (continued) Task Owner Qualified Person Performing Study Quantity/Other Comments Transformer: type, size in kVA (nominal), and percent impedance Motor ratings: information needed to establish the short-circuit contribution of the motors Generator nameplate data and/or data sheets showing impedance data, etc. Copy of existing studies Enclosure sizes (See 4.2) A.2 Owner-supplied information The owner to provide to the qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation, study the following data as necessary: — Available three-phase rms bolted fault current and protective device setting data from the utility — Single-line diagrams — Modes of operation and system configuration — Overcurrent protective device diagrams (fuses, relays, circuit breakers, etc.), settings, if available — Short-circuit, overcurrent protective device coordination studies, including software data files (libraries, back-up files, etc.), if available NOTE—Arc-flash hazard calculation studies, including software data files if available, may assist in conducting new arcflash hazard calculation studies. A.3 Collection of system data (only if part of the agreed scope) If the owner and qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study agree to include collection of system data in the scope of work, the following is applicable. See Annex B for additional details. All site work should be performed in accordance with the applicable facility safety requirements and applicable electrical safety standards. Field inspections will likely be required to obtain the required electrical equipment data. The following system data, among other items, may need to be collected: — Electric Utility company contact information. The qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study determines the required information to perform the study. In many instances, the owner may have to request utility company data because utility companies may not provide that information to third parties without the owner’s permission. — Single-line diagram(s) to reflect the installation data (only if included in the scope of arc-flash hazard calculation studies by the owner). — Information on gap between conductors (or range of gaps) to be used in the arc-flash hazard hazard calculation study. See 4.2 for further information. 21 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ — Information on the enclosure sizes to be used in the arc-flash hazard calculation study. See 4.2 for further information. — Information on the working distance values to be used in the arc-flash hazard calculation study. See 4.2 for further information. — Nomenclature to be used for electrical equipment and all devices in the study should be coordinated with the owner. Resolve any electrical equipment identification issues, including abbreviations, duplicate equipment names, etc. This should ensure proper naming convention before creation of the drawings and study report. — Other system information, as needed, such as: • Data from the utility provider • Transformer nameplate data and tap position • Overcurrent protective device data, including relay settings, CT ratios, circuit breaker trip unit settings and sensor settings, and fuse types/ampere ratings • Data on motors (50hp or above) or generators that may contribute to short-circuit levels • Equipment (such as switchgear, switchboard) layout drawings • Medium-voltage motor control equipment characteristics • Conductor sizes, material of construction (alumunium or copper), able construction (single or multi-conductor), raceway type, and length The process and methodology of calculating short-circuit and performing protective-device coordination is covered in standards such as IEEE Std 551 (IEEE Violet Book) [B6], IEEE Std 3002.3 [B7], IEC 60909-0 [B2], IEEE Std 242 (IEEE Buff Book) [B4], IEEE Std 399 (IEEE Brown Book) [B5], and other applicable standards. There may be other portions of the electrical power system at the facility to be studied that are not included in the scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study as determined by the equipment scope boundary (i.e., equipment within the scope of the study). These portions of the system may affect the results of the system within the scope of the arc-flash hazard calculation study due to alternate or significant sources of short-circuit contributions. When the arc-flash hazard calculation study is not performed on the entire power distribution system at a facility, it will be necessary to obtain upstream data and settings. A.4 Data collection The owner and the qualified person(s) performing the study determine the process for obtaining relevant data (e.g., existing studies and/or data collection for new studies). 22 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Annex B (normative) Suggested deliverables for arc flash study report This can be used as an example of a checklist to help define the scope of deliverables for the arc-flash hazard calculation study as well as who is responsible for providing each item. If the owner does not complete the checklist, then the qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study may clarify responsibilities in their proposal. Table B.1—Checklist to define scope of deliverables Task Owner Qualified Person Performing the Study Other (Identify 3rd Party) Comments Data Collection (Clauses 4 and 6) Current system one-line diagram (Annex A) Arc Duration (Clause 8) Utility Information (Annex A) Bolted fault current data (Clause 7) Listing of electrical equipment within the scope of the study (Annex A) Determine system modes of operation (Clause 5) Review of owner-provided documentation (Clause 4 and Annex A) Equipment data collection (Clause 6 and Annex A) Data on cables, busway, or other conductors (Annex A) Model system or update existing model ( A.2) Short-circuit analysis (see Clause 7) Coordination Analysis (see Clause 8 and Annex C) Arc-flash Hazard Calculation Study Report Study narrative including description of system modes of operation considered (Clause 10) Description of basis of calculations (Clause 10) Table continues 23 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Table B.1—Checklist to define scope of deliverables (continued) Task Owner Qualified Person Performing the Study Other (Identify 3rd Party) Comments Data to be included in the arcflash results, including bolted fault current, arcing current, arc duration, incident energy, arc-flash boundary distance, and working distance (Clause 10 and IEEE Std 1584-2018) Incident energy reduction considerations (Annexes A and D) Only if part of the scope Updated or newly-created system single-line diagram (Clause 10) Updated or newly-created power system model (Clause 10) 24 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Annex C (informative) Arc duration considerations The arc-flash hazard calculation study requires information regarding the clearing time of overcurrent protective devices that are included in the scope of work. This information can be obtained from the timecurrent curve of each device or from a protective device coordination study. C.1 Complexity of system For simple systems (simple radial feed), the arc-flash incident energy information can be derived manually from individual time-current curves or from commercially available software or spreadsheets. For complex systems (multiple modes of operation or larger radial systems), the arc-flash hazard calculation study is typically conducted with commercially available software. Complex relaying systems may require special consideration. For differential relaying or optical relaying systems, or other protective schemes, determination of the zone of protection may be especially important. For high-speed relaying (e.g., optical systems, current sensing, or other arc flash detecting systems), consideration of operating times of relay contacts or lockout relay systems may be more significant and therefore may warrant more detailed consideration. When protective systems rely on communication between devices (e.g., zone-selective interlocking or blocking schemes, or relay schemes based on communication protocols such as IEC/TR 61850-1 [B3]), system and equipment reaction times should also be considered. Where protective device settings may change in response to changing system conditions or where proper programming of logic equations is necessary to ensure proper operation, examination of device setup may be required to determine device operating times. If the circuit breaker opening time is not included in the device operating time as defined by the time-current curve, add the circuit breaker opening time for calculation of the arcing duration. Typical data for 60 Hz circuit breakers from Table C.1 can be used. Table C.1—Circuit Breaker Operating Times Opening time at 60 Hz (cycles) Opening time (seconds) < 1 kV (molded case) (integral trip) 1.5 0.025 < 1 kV insulated case or power circuit breaker (integral trip or relay operated) 3.0 0.050 Circuit Breakers 1 kV-15 kV 5.0 0.080 Circuit breaker rating and type C.2 Optimization of overcurrent protective devices Since the information that is required for the coordination study is typically collected as part of the arc-flash hazard calculation study data collection, the arc-flash study presents a convenient opportunity to perform an optimized coordination analysis. If a full coordination study is required in the scope of deliverables, the qualified person(s) performing the study may also seek to identify areas where arc-flash incident energy reduction can be achieved through use of different fuses or adjustment of device settings. In such cases, both the existing and recommended settings and the arc-flash incident energy levels based on the “before” and “after” settings should be documented in the report. Process continuity requirements for safety should be evaluated in the consideration of reduced arcflash hazard levels through faster overcurrent protective device functions. 25 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ C.3 Overcurrent protective device considerations Only an upstream protective device that is isolated from an enclosure can limit incident energy for that enclosure. An arc-flash in that enclosure could occur on the line side of the main overcurrent protective device (OCPD), or a load-side arcing fault could potentially escalate to a line side fault. An OCPD can only limit incident energy downstream (i.e., on the load side of device) and within a sufficiently separate or isolated compartment or enclosure from the protective device itself. NOTE—Consult with the manufacturer to confirm if the equipment provides isolation between the main compartment and other compartments, to determine if the main internal OCPD can be used for the calculation of the incident energy at these buses. C.4 Electrode configuration considerations Electrical equipment has different electrode configurations in different compartments or sections. In addition, the different operational states of the electrical equipment may also need to be considered. Annex C of IEEE Std 1584-2018 provides guidance on the electrode configuration to be used in various situations. 26 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Annex D (informative) Incident energy reduction considerations If included by the owner in Annex A, the scope of an arc-flash hazard calculation study may include considerations to reduce the arc-flash hazard. The extent and details provided in such considerations should be agreed upon by the qualified person(s) performing the arc-flash hazard calculation study and the facility owner. 27 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an ArcFlash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ Annex E (informative) Bibliography Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use only. [B1] CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety.16 [B2] IEC 60909-0, Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems – Part 0: Calculation of currents.17 [B3] IEC/TR 61850-1, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part 1: Introduction and Overview. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013–03. [B4] IEEE Std 242™-2001, IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book™).18,19 [B5] IEEE Std 399™-1997, IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE Brown Book™). [B6] IEEE Std 551™-2006, IEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating AC Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Violet Book™). [B7] IEEE Std 3002.3™-2018, IEEE Recommended Practice for Conducting Short-Circuit Studies and Analysis of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. [B8] Mohla, D., W. Lee, J. Phillips, and A. Marroquin, “Introduction to IEEE Standard 1584 – IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-flash Hazard Calculations – 2018 Edition,” IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 64–76, September/October 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIAS.2020.2982574. [B9] NFPA 70E®, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.20 CSA publications are available from the Canadian Standards Association (https://www.csa.ca/). IEC publications are available from the International Electrotechnical Commission (https://www.iec.ch) and the American National Standards Institute (https://www.ansi.org/). 18 IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (https://standards.ieee.org/). 19 The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 20 NFPA publications are published by the National Fire Protection Association (https:// www.nfpa.org/). 16 17 28 Copyright © 2022 IEEE. All rights reserved. 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