BE ( chapter 1 continue )
DOING THE RIGHT THING simple truth -> honesty is foundational --> trust cannot exist w/o it integrity though behavior -> ethical integrity is measured not by words but by actions --> justify why consistency between words and conduct is critical rules for individuals -> persona standards guide everyday decisions such as fairness/justice and respects
rules for society -> communities establish shared norms to ensure cooperation and order (law, custom) THE GOLDEN RULE
one of the oldest guidelines -> universal moral tests
it promotes empathy and reciprocity
critique --> others share the same value and same preference ---> absolute correct -> not sure( lol) ETHICAL THEORIES
virtue ethics -> cultivating moral characters --> virtues like honesty, courage and generosity ---> who a person is
-> criticism --> different societies value different virtues ---> subjectivity utilitarianism -> promote maximizing happiness or well beings for the majority -> it seeks the greatest goods, often used in policy making
-> criticism --> show its potential danger --> sacrificing a few for a benefit of many
universal ethics -> actions should be guided by duty and moral obligations regardless of circumstances --> consistency and fairness ---> the same moral principles to all ppl, everywhere at all times
---> ex: honesty, justice and human dignity -> criticism: - rigid universal rules may clash with practical needs for greater good. EX: telling the truth may endanger someone life
- inflexible when different contexts require nuanced judgement
ETHICAL DILEMMAS
no clear right or wrong answer -> ethics include conflicting value
Ex: accepting personal harms for the sake of doing what is right choosing one good option at the expense of others
RESOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS
highlighting the importance of inner moral awareness provides a practical decision -> making framework --> analyze the consequences, actions and then deciding
sufficient time for contemplation -> focus on careful reflection --> avoiding rushed decisions ---> to analyze consequences n principles thoroughly availability of enough in4 -> sounded ethical decisions/judgements focus on facts, not assumptions
presence of alt resolutions -> the complexity of RL moral conflicts --> multiple legitimate options
ETHICAL REASONING
the process of evaluating available in4 in relation to one's ethical standard to reach a conclusion
Ex: a company (business context) -> ethical reasoning looks at: -financial facts ( profit, losses )
-analyzing consequences ( impact on employee or environment ) -aligning choices with values ( fairness, honesty or responsibility )