Networking Essentials - Live sessions
Introduction
WiCyS - Women in CyberSecurity
Bob Cunningham
Senior Technical Trainer
The Internet - 4 Billion Users, 22 Billion Computers
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Computers are made of “switches”
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A typical laptop has 3 billion switches
A computer can use many switches to
show video, play music, run
programs, etc
But it is still based on two states - on
and off
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Binary Basics
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Decimal
4 3 6
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Columns
100’s
10’s
1’s
4 3 6
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
0 1 1 0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
0 1 1 0 =6
0 1 1 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
0 1 1 0 =6
0 1 1 1 =7
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
0 1 1 0 =6
0 1 1 1 =7
1 0 0 0 =8
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
1 0 1 1 = 11
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
1 0 1 1 = 11
1 1 0 0 = 12
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
1 0 1 1 = 11
1 1 0 0 = 12
1 1 0 1 = 13
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
1 0 1 1 = 11
1 1 0 0 = 12
1 1 0 1 = 13
1 1 1 0 = 14
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 = 10
1 0 1 1 = 11
1 1 0 0 = 12
1 1 0 1 = 13
1 1 1 0 = 14
1 1 1 1 = 15
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
2 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
4 2 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
8 4 2 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
13
-8
5
8 4 2 1
1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
5
-4
1
8 4 2 1
1 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
1
-2
??
8 4 2 1
1 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
1
-2
??
8 4 2 1
1 1 0
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Decimal To Binary
1
-1
0
8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Binary To Decimal
1 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Binary To Decimal
8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Binary To Decimal
8
+4
12
8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Convert Binary To Decimal
12
+1
13
8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Bits, Bytes, and Nibbles
Hexadecimal
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
0 0 0 0 =0
0 0 0 1 =1
0 0 1 0 =2
0 0 1 1 =3
0 1 0 0 =4
0 1 0 1 =5
0 1 1 0 =6
0 1 1 1 =7
1 0 0 0 =8
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
1 0 1 1 =B
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
1 0 1 1 =B
1 1 0 0 =C
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
1 0 1 1 =B
1 1 0 0 =C
1 1 0 1 =D
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
1 0 1 1 =B
1 1 0 0 =C
1 1 0 1 =D
1 1 1 0 =E
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal
8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
1 0 0 1 =9
1 0 1 0 =A
1 0 1 1 =B
1 1 0 0 =C
1 1 0 1 =D
1 1 1 0 =E
1 1 1 1 =F
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal To Binary
FFFF = 1111 1111 1111 1111
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal To Binary
FFFF = 1111 1111 1111 1111
FF1F = 1111 1111 0001 1111
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hexadecimal To Binary
FFFF = 1111 1111 1111 1111
FF1F = 1111 1111 0001 1111
FF1E = 1111 1111 0001 1110
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Bits, Bytes and Nibbles
Bits - Single digit - 1 or 0
Bytes - 8 bits - 10101100
Nibbles - 4 bits - 0001
Dotted Decimal
00000111.00010001.00001111.00000011
7
.17
.15
.3
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Kilo, Mega, Giga and Tera
Kilo - Thousand - X 000
Mega - Million - X 000 000
Giga - Billion - X 000 000 000
Tera - Trillion - X 000 000 000 000
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Milli, Micro, Nano and Pica
Milli - 1/Thousand - .00X
Micro - 1/Million - .000 00X
Nano - 1/Billion - .000 000 00X
Pico - 1/Trillion - .000 000 000 00X
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Parts of a Network
Computers - source or destination of information
Switches - create a network
Transmission Method/Media
Routers - connect networks
Wireless Access
Point (Switch)
Router
Switch
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Things to Make Sure You Know and
Understand
• What is Binary
• Convert a number from decimal to binary (up to 15)
• Convert a number from binary to decimal (up to 1111)
• What is Hexadecimal
• Convert a number from decimal to hexadecimal (up to 15)
• Convert a number from hexadecimal to decimal (up to FF)
• Understand Bits, Bytes and Nibbles
• Understand Kilo, Mega, Giga and Tera
• Understand Milli, Micro, Nano and Pica
• Know that hosts are the source and destination of data
• Know that switches create networks
• Know that routers connect different networks
© Fortinet Inc. All Rights Reserved.