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IB English SL Poetic Terms Study Guide - Grade 11 (2025-2026)
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Student Poetic Terms Study Guide IB English SL Grade 11 2025–2026 Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels Name of Student: ___________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 This study guide is designed for self‑study. You are expected to be dedicated and diligent in studying these terms, understanding them, and applying them in your analyses. Use the Foundation and Elevated examples as models to guide your own practice. Assess your growth by moving from basic responses toward more sophisticated commentary. This resource was crafted with you in mind, and I believe in your potential for growth, but you need to apply the effort. At the end, the choice is yours. All the best. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Types of Poetry This section introduces key poetic forms and modes that shape how poems communicate emotion and meaning. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Lyric Foundation: In War Photographer, the lyric voice focuses on the photographer’s personal emotions, making the poem feel intimate. Elevated: The lyric mode condenses global atrocity into the interior voice of a single speaker. This concentration of emotion heightens intimacy and positions the reader inside the photographer’s conscience, intensifying both empathy and moral discomfort. By transforming mass suffering into private reflection, Duffy makes the moral burden of witnessing war immediate and personal. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Concrete Poetry Foundation: In George Herbert’s “Easter Wings,” the words form the shape of wings. This shape visually reinforces the poem’s message of spiritual flight. Elevated: Herbert’s concrete form fuses shape and meaning: the wing‑shaped lines enact spiritual ascent while their collapse enacts despair. The visual structure functions as metaphor, forcing readers to experience devotion through both sight and language. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Dramatic Monologue Foundation: In Browning’s “My Last Duchess,” the speaker exposes his character while addressing a silent listener; his pride and cruelty surface through his own words. Elevated: Browning’s dramatic monologue manipulates voice and silence to reveal more than the Duke intends. The silent listener intensifies irony, as what is left unsaid exposes arrogance and control; the gap between intention and perception turns the poem into implicit social critique. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Free Verse Foundation: Duffy’s controlled free verse flows like thought or speech, making the poem feel natural and immediate. Elevated: Duffy’s measured free verse balances conversational rhythm with stanzaic discipline. This tension reflects the photographer’s struggle to impose order on chaos, enacting the pull between lived trauma and professional detachment. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Verse / Stanza Forms This section explains how poets use structural units like stanzas, refrains, and breaks to guide rhythm and meaning. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Quatrain Foundation: In War Photographer, neat quatrains contrast with violent subject matter, keeping the poem orderly. Elevated: The strict quatrains mirror the photographer’s need to impose order on atrocity. Form enacts control, but its clash with horrific content underscores the futility of order against chaos, heightening moral unease. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Refrain Foundation: In Poe’s “The Raven,” the repeated “nevermore” builds rhythm and makes the speaker’s grief unforgettable. Elevated: Each return of “nevermore” accrues new meaning, charting the speaker’s descent from curiosity to despair. The refrain anchors rhythm while dramatizing obsession and inevitability. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Stanza Foundation: In War Photographer, each stanza shifts focus—from the darkroom to readers’ indifference—guiding the reader through stages. Elevated: Stanza breaks operate as rhetorical pivots. White space embodies the gulf between violence abroad and complacency at home, so form itself enacts distance and disconnection. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Caesura Foundation: The short sentence “He has a job to do.” interrupts the flow, showing determination. Elevated: The caesura halts reflection with blunt certainty, enacting emotional compartmentalization. Its pause dramatizes the split between professional control and inner turmoil, reinforcing the burden of duty. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Enjambment Foundation: In “fields which don’t explode beneath the feet / of running children,” the idea spills across lines, quickening pace. Elevated: Enjambment propels sense across boundaries, echoing how traumatic memory spills beyond containment. The delayed closure creates tension, embodying overflow and instability. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Couplet Foundation: Shakespeare’s sonnets often end with a couplet that neatly sums up the message. Elevated: The rhyming couplet crystallizes resolution with symmetry and brevity. It can affirm closure or, when used ironically, expose the inadequacy of tidy conclusions. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Figurative Language This section covers the core comparative tools poets use to build meaning beyond the literal. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Simile Foundation: In War Photographer, “as though this were a church” compares the darkroom to a sacred space, showing reverence. Elevated: Duffy’s simile sacralizes the darkroom, elevating the photographer’s task into ritual. Aligning art with worship emphasizes the moral gravity of documenting suffering while contrasting devotion with public apathy. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Metaphor Foundation: The phrase “a half formed ghost” makes the developing image haunting and memorable. Elevated: “A half formed ghost” fuses photograph and victim, collapsing representation with death. This haunting image exposes the persistence of trauma, revealing how war invades both art and conscience. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Personification Foundation: “All flesh is grass” makes life seem fragile, as if it can be cut down like plants. Elevated: The biblical personification reduces humanity to grass, foregrounding fragility and impermanence. Universalizing mortality intensifies the poem’s meditation on the scale of loss in war. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Sample Analysis: Hyperbole Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Foundation: Exaggeration like “a thousand pains” makes the emotion feel stronger and urgent. Elevated: Hyperbole amplifies experience beyond literal truth, dramatizing extremes of voice. Its excess heightens intensity while inviting readers to question sincerity and perspective. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Allusion Foundation: Referencing scripture—“All flesh is grass”—adds weight to the theme of mortality. Elevated: The biblical allusion situates modern conflict within a moral tradition. Resonance between scripture and violence universalizes suffering and confronts readers with life’s transience. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Imagery This section explores how poets use the senses to render experience vividly and persuasively. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Visual Imagery Foundation: “Spools of suffering set out in ordered rows” makes the reels look like graves, showing the scale of death. Elevated: The visual image transforms reels into a graveyard metaphor. Disciplined arrangement mirrors the photographer’s effort to impose order on chaos while exposing the futility of control against overwhelming loss. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Aural Imagery Foundation: In Owen’s “Anthem for Doomed Youth,” “stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle” recreates gunfire. Elevated: Owen’s onomatopoeic alliteration collapses sound and sense; the harsh consonants immerse readers in mechanized violence, intensifying the critique of dehumanized warfare. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Olfactory Imagery Foundation: “The smell of blood” makes the scene feel real and disturbing. Elevated: Olfactory imagery draws on scent’s intimacy to collapse distance. The evocation of blood forces a bodily response, making the horror visceral and inescapable. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Gustatory Imagery Foundation: “The bitter taste of loss” makes grief feel physical and memorable. Elevated: Gustatory imagery translates emotion into taste. Bitterness materializes sorrow in the body, symbolizing grief’s lingering presence— the way trauma “stays in the mouth.” Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Tactile Imagery Foundation: “Cold stone” lets the reader feel the setting and its isolation. Elevated: Tactile imagery converts mood into sensation: coldness communicates alienation and detachment, grounding abstract emotions in physical touch. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Organic Imagery Foundation: “His hands shook” shows fear through bodily reaction. Elevated: Organic imagery registers inner sensation—shaking hands, racing pulse—as outward signs of trauma. Physiological evidence authenticates intensity and dramatizes memory’s grip. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Symbol This section focuses on how objects and spaces stand for larger ideas across the poem. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Symbol Foundation: In War Photographer, the darkroom symbolizes a sacred space, showing respect for the work. Elevated: The darkroom becomes a symbolic sanctuary where hidden truths are revealed in light. Aligning photography with ritual elevates developing images into a moral duty of witness, set against readers’ apathy. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sound Devices This section examines how poets orchestrate sound to reinforce meaning and mood. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Rhythm Foundation: A steady beat helps the poem flow and feel controlled. Elevated: Rhythm orchestrates emphasis; controlled meter mirrors discipline, while disruptions echo trauma’s intrusion—dramatizing the tension between order and chaos. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Rhyme Foundation: End rhyme makes lines musical and memorable. Elevated: Rhyme structures closure. Full rhyme can suggest harmony, while slant rhyme resists resolution, enacting instability in meaning and echoing unsettled themes. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Alliteration Foundation: “Spools of suffering” repeats the “s” sound to emphasize suffering. Elevated: The sibilance produces a sinister hiss, echoing the persistence of grief. This sonic pattern reinforces bleak inevitability and the monotony of recorded pain. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Assonance Foundation: Phrases like “mellow wedding bells” sound gentle because of repeated vowels. Elevated: Assonance threads vowel color across lines to shape atmosphere: open vowels expand breath and calm the ear, while tighter vowels compress rhythm and build tension. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Consonance Foundation: “The lumpy, bumpy road” uses repeated consonants to roughen rhythm. Elevated: Consonance overlays texture on language, knitting words with sonic friction. Repeated consonants slow pace and embody difficulty within the soundscape. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Onomatopoeia Foundation: Words like “bang” and “buzz” imitate sounds to make scenes vivid. Elevated: Onomatopoeia fuses signifier and sound so description becomes experience. Words perform events acoustically, immersing the reader in immediacy. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Cacophony Foundation: Harsh clusters of sounds make a line feel rough and unpleasant. Elevated: Cacophony jars with clashing consonants, embodying violence and disruption. The abrasive soundscape denies comfort, making form echo content. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Euphony Foundation: Soft sounds make lines smooth and calming. Elevated: Euphony cushions rhythm with liquid consonants and mellow vowels, reinforcing intimacy or repose. Its softness can contrast with harsher passages to mark thematic shifts. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Repetition Foundation: Repeating words or phrases emphasizes the idea and rhythm. Elevated: Repetition enacts insistence; cumulative return makes meaning unavoidable. Private grief becomes a collective demand that presses urgency onto the reader. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Anaphora Foundation: Beginning several lines with the same phrase builds rhythm and emphasis. Elevated: Anaphora structures crescendo. Each return increases intensity, converting reflection into persuasive force and moral insistence. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Additional Literary Terms This section gathers analytical terms that help you describe voice, register, and argumentative effects. Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Abstract Foundation: Using words like “freedom” makes the poem feel about big ideas rather than one person. Elevated: Abstract nouns widen scope and universalize theme, but they gain force when anchored by concrete imagery that prevents vagueness and grounds ideals in experience. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Sample Analysis: Ambiguity Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Foundation: A line with more than one meaning makes the reader stop and think. Elevated: Ambiguity refuses closure, sustaining multiple interpretations and aligning the poem with complexity; it demands active, reflective reading. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Antithesis Foundation: A phrase like “the best of times…the worst of times” shows a sharp contrast. Elevated: Antithesis crystallizes opposition within a single line, dramatizing conceptual conflict and forcing the reader to hold contradictory truths together. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Binary Opposition Foundation: Opposites like life/death or war/peace highlight difference. Elevated: Binary oppositions reveal the scaffolding of meaning— order/chaos, presence/absence—through which the poem interrogates human understanding. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Cadence Foundation: Natural rise and fall makes lines sound like speech. Elevated: Cadence softens strict meter with voice‑like flow, humanizing the verse and blurring the line between poetry and spoken thought. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Colloquial Foundation: Everyday words make a poem sound real and conversational. Elevated: Colloquial diction lowers register to create intimacy and immediacy; its plainness disarms while its crafted nature reminds us of deliberate voice. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Connotation Foundation: The word “home” suggests warmth and safety. Elevated: Connotation layers emotional and cultural weight onto denotation so a single word carries nostalgia, belonging, or loss, enriching subtext. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Denotation Foundation: “Home” literally means the place you live. Elevated: Denotation anchors literal sense, but its tension with connotation generates interpretive depth at the heart of poetic language. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Dialect Foundation: Regional speech shows where a speaker comes from and adds flavour. Elevated: Dialect embeds culture and identity in the poem, situating power, belonging, and exclusion within language itself. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Diction Foundation: Word choice creates a specific mood or tone. Elevated: Diction calibrates tone; precise choices—formal, harsh, plain— signal stance before argument, so word choice performs attitude. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Irony Foundation: In War Photographer, “they do not care” is ironic because readers ignore suffering. Elevated: The closing irony indicts passive spectatorship: the gap between horror and indifference exposes moral blindness and sharpens ethical critique. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Juxtaposition Foundation: Placing two different images together makes their contrast obvious. Elevated: Juxtaposition produces meaning in the gap; by staging opposites side by side, the poem creates friction that demands interpretation. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Parody Foundation: Copying another style can be humorous or mocking. Elevated: Parody imitates with exaggeration to critique convention. Echoing a form while mocking it dismantles authority and exposes artifice. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Pun Foundation: A pun plays on double meanings to add humor or wit. Elevated: Puns compress wit and critique into a single phrase, exploiting double sense to surprise the reader and complicate tone. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Theme Foundation: The theme is the larger idea—like war or memory—that the poem explores. Elevated: Theme emerges cumulatively from imagery, tone, and structure, lifting particulars into universal commentary that resonates beyond the text. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Tone Foundation: In War Photographer, the tone is calm but serious, guiding how we read events. Elevated: Duffy’s detached yet reverent tone dramatizes the clash between professional duty and moral weight. The tension unsettles readers and exposes complicity. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Mood Foundation: A somber mood makes the reader feel reflective and serious. Elevated: The somber atmosphere envelops the reader in ethical discomfort, provoking reflection on shared responsibility for distant suffering. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Rhetorical Question Foundation: A rhetorical question makes the reader pause and think about the point. Elevated: Rhetorical questions implicate the audience, demanding reflection rather than reply and shifting the burden of meaning onto the reader. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Oxymoron Foundation: A phrase like “bittersweet” shows two opposite feelings at once. Elevated: Oxymoron compresses contradiction into a single phrase, crystallizing tension in paradoxical unity and forcing readers to hold complexity together. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Paradox Foundation: A paradox looks impossible but makes sense, like “less is more.” Elevated: Paradox sustains contradiction to reveal hidden coherence, aligning the poem with complexity and resisting simple resolution. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Speaker Foundation: The speaker is a created voice; it isn’t always the poet. Elevated: Distinguishing speaker from poet emphasizes constructed persona. This lens shapes tone and perspective, reminding us voice is a deliberate choice. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026 Sample Analysis: Syntax Foundation: Short sentences add urgency, while long ones slow and reflect. Elevated: Syntax performs meaning: fragmentation enacts disruption, inversion spotlights key words, and cumulative flow mirrors thinking— grammar becomes effect. Your Practice: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Facilitator: Ms. Kharissa Samuels 2025/2026
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