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History of Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics: Compressible Flow Lecture 1
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AS-5011 Compressible Fluid Flow Lecture-1 HISTORY OF FLUID MECHANICS rd Archimedes (3 Century BC) • Principle of Buoyancy ("Eureka!") W th Leonardo da Vinci (15 Century AD): • Observations of vortices and flow patterns. th Isaac Newton (17 Century) • Laws of Motion • Calculus • Gravity • Optics • Heat transfer th Bendetto Castelli (17 Century) • Continuity Principle Daniel Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler (18th Century) • Momentum and Energy Equations th Jean D’Alembert (18 Century) • Zero drag paradox Jean Poiseuille (19th Century) • Flow in capillary tubes (circular cross sections) th Gotthilf Hagen (19 Century) • Laminar and turbulent pipe flows th Osborne Reynolds (19 Century) • Transition from laminar to turbulent state • Reynolds number πππΏ π π = π th George Stokes (19 Century) • Fluid flow Equations with friction • Extended the work of Louis Navier • The famous Navier-Stokes equations th Orville and Wilbur Wright (20 Century) • First flight of airplane (1903) • Application of theory and experiments to airplane th Martin Knudsen (20 Century) • Limit of continuum assumption π πΎπ = πΏ Ludwig Prandtl (20th Century) • Concept of boundary layer • Lifting line theory Knudsen number ππππ ππππ πππ‘β, ππ = 1 2ππ 2 π/∀ th Theodore von Karman (20 Century) • Vortex shedding • Turbulence Paul Blasius (20th Century) • Laminar boundary layer solution πΉ(π) ≈ π ππΌπ π U Vortex shedding off the Beerenberg volcano HISTORY OF GAS DYNAMICS Pierre Simon Laplace and Macquorn Rankine th (19 Century) • Propagation of sound waves • Estimation of sound speed Ernst Mach (19th Century) • Supersonic fluid mechanics • Mach number First photograph of a shock wave in front of an object (1888) th Carl de Laval (19 Century) • Convergent-divergent nozzle • Acceleration of steam to supersonic speeds Robert Goddard (20th Century) • Used Convergent-divergent nozzle in a rocket engine th Ludwig Prandtl (20 Century) • Expansion waves • Supersonic airfoils Bell X-1 (1948) • First manned aircraft to break the sound barrier
