Dimension
USA
India
Power Distance
(PDI)
Low (~40): Workplaces are
flatter, employees expect to be
consulted, open communication
across ranks. Challenging
superiors is acceptable.
High (~77): Clear hierarchy,
strong respect for authority.
Bosses are decision-makers;
subordinates often avoid
questioning them.
Individualism vs
Collectivism
(IDV)
Very High (~91): Strongly
individualist. People value
independence, self-reliance,
personal achievements, and
rights. "I" identity dominates.
Moderate (~48): A mix. Family,
community, and group loyalty
matter a lot, but personal ambition
and achievement also hold value.
Balance of "I" and "We."
Masculinity
(MAS)
High (~62): Achievement,
success, competition, and
material rewards are important.
Work defines identity; “live to
work.”
Moderate (~56): Achievement
and ambition matter, but
cooperation and relationshipbuilding are also valued.
Competition is present but less
aggressive.
Uncertainty
Avoidance (UAI)
Moderate-Low (~46): Americans
tolerate ambiguity, risk, and new
ideas. Innovation and
experimentation are encouraged.
Low (~40): Indians are flexible,
adaptable to change, and
comfortable with uncertainty.
Rules may exist but are applied
loosely.
Long-Term
Orientation
(LTO)
Low (~26): Short-term focus.
Quick results, innovation, and
immediate outcomes valued.
Less emphasis on tradition.
High (~61): Long-term planning,
perseverance, and thrift are
important. Traditions and future
rewards carry weight.
Indulgence vs
Restraint (IVR)
High (~68): Culture of
indulgence. Leisure, fun, and
personal enjoyment are socially
acceptable. “Work hard, play
hard.”
Low (~26): Culture of restraint.
Social norms restrict gratification;
discipline, duty, and self-control
are emphasized over leisure.