At the end of 1863, Lincoln
appointed Ulysses S. Grant
commander of all Union armies.
“I therefore determined, first, to use the
greatest number of troops practicable
against the armed force of the enemy,
preventing him from using the same
force at different seasons, and second,
to hammer continuously against the
armed force of the enemy and his
resources, until by mere attrition, there
should be nothing left to him but
submission.”
Turning Point #1: July 1863
• Siege of Vicksburg ends in Union victory
– Gave Union control of southern half of Miss. River
• Union victory in Battle of Gettysburg
– As far north as the South would ever get
• New York City draft riots
– More than 100 rioters killed
Turning Point #1: July 1863
• Siege of Vicksburg ends in Union victory
– Gave Union control of southern half of Miss. River
• Union victory in Battle of Gettysburg
– As far north as the South would ever get
• New York City draft riots
– More than 100 rioters killed
Turning Point #2: September 1864
• Sherman captures Atlanta
Lincoln runs for
reelection in 1864
against a former Union
commanding general,
George B. McClellan.
The Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863
Slaves who escaped their masters and fled to Union camps
were called “contrabands.”
The British
Connection
1861 British cartoon portrays Lincoln as a petulant child.
Lincoln– the Great Emancipator?
• Pushed for 13th Amendment – abolition of slavery
• Adopted second war aim: abolition in the South