Encryption
CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) - Each plaintext block is XORed with the previous
ciphertext block before being encrypted.
GCM (Galois/Counter Mode) - Combines CTR (Counter mode) for encryption with Galois
field multiplication for authentication.
ECB (Electronic Codebook) - each plaintext block is encrypted independently.
CFB (Cipher Feedback Mode) - Turns a block cipher into a self-synchronizing stream
cipher.
CTR / CTM (Counter Mode) - Uses a counter value + nonce, encrypted, then XORed with
plaintext.