Apoio-IB DP Chemistry SL
Teacher: Juliana Schultz
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
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J. Schultz
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Atomic structure
1.
2.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 2
Atomic structure
12.03.21
|
Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 3
Atomic structure
12.03.21
|
Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 4
Atomic structure
3.
4.
12.03.21
|
Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 5
Atomic structure
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 6
Atomic structure
➢Bohr’s model proposed that
electrons moved around the
nucleus in prescribed orbits, known
as orbitals;
5.
12.03.21
➢Bohr’s model goes
on to describe the
arrangement
and
number of electrons
in each orbital.
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
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J. Schultz
| 7
Atomic structure
➢The energy level of each orbital is
described by its principal quantum
number n. The first energy level of an
atom has the principal quantum number
of 1. To determine the maximum number
of electrons in each orbital, we use the
formula 2n2.
5.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 8
Atomic structure
➢The highest value of n for an element is also
the period number in the periodic table.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 9
Periodic table
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 10
Periodic table
➢ In a NEUTRAL atom the number of protons is
equal to the number of electrons, so the
atomic number also indicates the number of
electrons present in the atom.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 11
Periodic table
➢ IONS: are charged particles that are formed when an atom
loses or gains (an) electron(s).
+ A positive ion (cation) is formed when an atom loses (an)
electron(s) so that the ion has more protons(+) than electrons(−).
- A negative ion (anion) is formed when an atom gains (an)
electron(s) so that the ion has more electrons(−) than protons(+).
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 12
Periodic table
➢ Mass number (atomic mass): is the number
of Protons plus Neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom.
➢Therefore: number of neutrons in an atom =
mass number − atomic number
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 13
Atomic structure
➢Quantum mechanical model of the atom
➢There are four types of orbitals or
energy sublevels: s, p, d and f.
6.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 14
Atomic structure
With the exception of the first main energy level, which
contains just one s orbital, each main energy level is made up of
several orbitals or energy sublevels with similar, but not identical,
energies.
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
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Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 15
Atomic structure
➢Linus Pauling diagram
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 16
Periodic table
➢ Always remember:
G
E
P
S
The number of Electrons in the valence shell will give you the
Group (representative elements);
The element Period will give the number of Shells (number of
energy levels, number of layers);
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 17
12.03.21
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Pre-IB DP Chemistry SL
|
Colégio Positivo Internacional
|
J. Schultz
| 18