Analysis of Previous Years Board Questions sorted by chapters and years:
Board: 15-22
Biology 1st paper
Chapter 01: Cell and its structure
1. Lesson 03: Cell Wall
 Structure of cell wall
 Difference Between Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane
2. Lesson 04: Plasma Membrane
 Naming of the membrane (*might require a little research)
 Difference Between Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane
3. Lesson 06: Ribosome & Lysosome
 Structure of Ribosome
 Functions of Lysosome (*requires assistance from the internet)
4. Lesson 07: Golgi Body
 Importance of Golgi Body (*requires assistance from the internet)
 Structure of Golgi Body
5. Lesson: 09: Mitochondria
 Structure of Mitochondria
 Functions of Mitochondria (*requires assistance from the internet)
 Difference between chloroplast and mitochondria
6. Lesson: 10: Plastid
 Structure of Chloroplast
 Functions of Chloroplast (*requires assistance from the internet)
 Difference between chloroplast and mitochondria
7. Lesson: 15: Types of Chromosomes & its role in cell division
 Types (*Might require a little bit of research)
8. Lesson 17: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
 Functions of DNA (*requires assistance from the internet)
 Difference Between DNA and RNA
 Structure of DNA
9. Lesson 18: Ribonucleic Acid
 Types of RNA
 Difference Between DNA and RNA
 Structure of RNA
 Functions of RNA (*requires assistance from the internet)
10. Lesson 20: DNA replication mechanisms
 Describe the mechanism (*summarization required)
 Importance (*requires assistance from the internet)
11. Lesson 22: Transcription
 Description (*summary required)
 Difference between Transcription and Translation.
 Importance of Transcription (*requires assistance from the internet)
Chapter 02: Cell division
1. Lesson 2-6: Mitosis and Meiosis cell division difference
2. Lesson 2: Mitosis Cell Division
 Characteristics of Mitosis
 Howard Pelc Cycle (synthesis phase) importance (*requires assistance
from the internet)
3. Lesson 3: Different phases of Mitosis:
 Description of Metaphase (Metakinesis)
 Description of Pro-Metaphase (“Chromosomal Dance”)
 Description of Prophase
 Description of Anaphase (“Poles directed movement of chromosomes”)
 Description of Mitosis
 Importance of Mitosis (*requires assistance from the internet) (Pteris)
4. Lesson: 4: Meiosis Cell Division
 Characteristics of Meiosis
5. Lesson 5: Different phases of Meiosis: Meiosis I
 Description of Pachytene  Prophase 1  Meiosis 1
 Description of Zygotene (Phase before) and Diplotene (after Pachytene)
6. Lesson 6: Different phases of Meiosis: Meiosis II
 Description of Meiosis II
7. Lesson: 7: Importance of Meiosis cell division
 Importance (*requires assistance from the internet) (Pteris)
 Importance of “Crossing over” (Connected to Pachytene)
***Effects of Uncontrolled Mitosis.
Chapter: 04: Microorganisms
1. Lesson 1, 7 & 8: Virus & Bacteria
 Similarities and Differences
2. Lesson 1: Virus
 Characteristic of virus: Living and Non-living
3. Lesson 2: Importance of Virus
 Harmful effects and prevention of Diseases (*requires assistance from the
internet)
4. Lesson 3: Bacteriophage
 Multiplication of T2 phage
 Possibilities of T2-phage not being able to destroy bacteria (*research
required)
 Structure of T2 phage
5. Lesson 4, 5, 6: Viral Diseases
 Dengue Fever: Causal Organism
 Dengue Fever: Its prevention, treatment
6. Lesson 4, 5, 6 & 11, 12: Viral Diseases & Bacterial Diseases
 Ringspot and Leaf Blight of Rice: Disease control
7. Lesson 7 & 8: Bacteria
 Importance of bacteria in field of Agriculture
 Structure of Bacteria: Plasmid and Gene engineering
 Positive effects of Plasmid (*research required)
8. Lesson 14 & 15: Parasite of Malaria: Plasmodium
 Treatment & prevention
 Life cycle and alternations of generations of malarial parasite
 Life cycle of Plasmodium: life cycle in human body (*cause of Anemia or
red blood cell loss or high fever)
 Life cycle of Plasmodium: life cycle in mosquito
 Importance of Both life cycle of Malaria in Body (*research required)
Chapter 07: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
1. Lesson 1, 2 & 5: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
 Difference between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
2. Lesson 1,2: Gymnosperms: Cycas: A typical Gymnosperm
 Structure of Cycas (*Coralloid roots)
 Characteristics of Gymnosperms
3. Lesson 3, 4: Reproduction of Cycas
 Difference between Male Strobilus/ Microsporophyll & Megasporophyll
 Characteristics of Cycas
4. Lesson 05: Angiosperms
 Floral formula (*Malvaceae and Poaceae explanation)
 Characteristics of Angiosperms
5. Lesson 6 & 7: Malvaceae & Poaceae
 Difference between Malvaceae and Poaceae
6. Lesson 06: Introduction to the family of Monocot Plant: Poaceae
 Importance of Poaceae (*might require a little research)
 General Characteristics
 Description of Megasporophyll
7. Lesson 07: Introduction to the family of Dicot Plant: Malvaceae
 General Characteristics (*might require a little research)
 Importance of Malvaceae
Chapter 8: Tissue and tissue system
1. Lesson 01: Meristematic tissue:
 Classification chart
 Classification on basis of position
 Functions of Meristematic tissue in growing organs of plants (*research
required)
 Characteristics of Meristematic tissue
2. Lesson 2, 3 & 4: Tissue system
 Types of Vascular Bundles and their differences (*Xylem and Phloem
used to detect what type of plant*
 Functions of Vascular Bundles (*Research required)
 Difference between Xylem and Phloem
 Epidermal Tissue System: Types
 Structure of Hydathode
 Difference between Hydathode and Stomata
 Structure of stomata
3. Lesson 5 & 6: Primary internal structure of root and stem.
 Identifying Characteristics of Monocot stem
 Identifying Characteristics of Monocot root
 Difference between Monocot root and Monocot stem
Chapter 09: Plant Physiology
1. Lesson 16 & 17: Anaerobic respiration
 Procedure of anaerobic respiration (*summary required)
 Importance of Anaerobic respiration (*research required)
 Process and chart of Glycolysis
2. Lesson 3, 4, & 5: Transpiration
 Mechanism of Opening and closing of stomata: Starch-glucose
interconversion theory, Proton Pump theory
 Importance of stomata. (*research required)
 Internal and external factors affecting Stomatal movement. (*research
required)
3. Lesson 8, 9: Photosynthesis mechanism
 Similarities and Difference between Calvin Cycle and Hatch & Slack
pathway
 Importance of C4 cycle
 Description of C3 and C4 cycle
 Comparison of carbon assimilation between two cycles
 Comparison of Importance and energy production between two cycles
 Comparison of rate of photosynthesis between two cycles
4. Lesson 15: Electron Transport system
 Description of electron transport system
 Aerobic Respiration: ATP chart with description
5. Lesson 12, 13: Respiration
 Glycolysis description (inseparable part of both aerobic and anaerobic
respiration)
 Enzymes of Glycolysis
 Importance of respiration
6. Lesson 12, 13 & 14: Respiration & Activation of pyruvic acid
 Difference between Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle
7. Lesson 1, 2: Mineral Uptake in Plants
 Electro Chemical Potential Gradient Hypothesis.
 Difference between Active and Passive Absorption
8. Lesson 7, 8 and 9: Photosynthesis & photosynthesis mechanism:
 Production of oxygen in photosynthesis
 Importance of Photosynthesis
9. Lesson 8 & 9: Photosynthesis mechanism:
 Production of NADPH + H + & ATP
10. Lesson 12, 13, 14, 15: Respiration, Activation of pyruvic acid, Electron Transport
system:
 Importance of aerobic respiration
11. Lesson 12-17: Respiration, Activation of pyruvic acid, Electron Transport system,
Anaerobic respiration
 Similarities and Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
 Energy production of different stages of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
12. Lesson 7 & 12, 13: Photosynthesis and respiration
 Difference between photosynthesis and respiration
13. Lesson 10: Role of Factors of photosynthesis
 Role of limiting factors of photosynthesis
14. Lesson 16, 17: Anaerobic respiration
 Utilization of Oxygen in Glucose oxidation
 Importance of Fermentation
Chapter 11: Biotechnology
1. Lesson 1, 2: Tissue culture
 Application of tissue culture (in agriculture specially)
 Description of process of tissue culture
 Steps of tissue culture
 Advantages of tissue culture
2. Lesson 3, 4 & 5, 6: Genetic Engineering & Application of biotechnology
 Vector or Carrier DNA: Plasmid Characteristics (*research required)
 Importance of plasmid in genetic engineering (*research required)
 Importance of plasmid in human prosperity
3. Lesson 3, 4: Genetic Engineering
 Description of recombinant DNA technology
 Importance of recombinant DNA technology (in agriculture specially,
healthcare, Criminal prosecution)
 Description of recombinant DNA tech to produce insulin
4. Lesson 5 & 6: Application of biotechnology
 Applications (*summary required)
 Disadvantages
5. Lesson 8: Gene sequence
 Application of Genome sequencing and DNA fingerprinting (*especially
in criminal cases, Identification of dead bodies)
 Advantages and disadvantages of genome sequencing in S. Asia.
Board: 15-22
Biology 2nd paper
Chapter 1: Animal diversity and classification
1. Lesson 01: Animal Diversity and bases of classification
 Bases of Classification
 Bases of Classification: Types of animals on the basis of coelom
 Bases of classification: Symmetry
 Bases of classification: Notochord
2. Lesson 03, 04 & 05: Non-Chordata & Chordata
 More developed: Arthropoda or Classes of Gnathostomata
 More developed: 8 phyla of Non-Chordata or Classes of Gnathostomata
 More developed: 3 Phyla
3. Lesson 03 & 04: Non-Chordata
 Characteristics of Non-chordates
 Characteristics/ Differences/ More developed of 8 Phylum of NonChordates
 Round worm of Nematoda: On the characteristic of changing
characteristics to live in host body.
4. Lesson 05: Chordata
 Characteristics of Chordata
 Characteristics/Differences of 3 Sub-Phylum of Phylum: Chordata
 Characteristics of Classes of Gnathostomata
 More developed: Chordates or Non-chordates
 Most developed: Gnathostomata or Urochordata or Cephalochordate or
Agnatha
 Role of Lungs in all of the classes of Gnathostomata
Chapter 02: Animal’s Identity:
1. Lesson 01 & 05: Hydra & Locomotion of hydra:
 Role of Cnidoblast cells
2. Lesson 2 & 3: External structure of Hydra: Epidermis & Internal structure of
Hydra: Gastrodermis:
 The cells not present in Gastrodermis but in Endodermis:
Epitheliomuscular cells, Germ cell, Cnidocyte cells
 Difference between Epidermis and Gastrodermis
 Role of Epidermis and Gastrodermis cells
3. Lesson 02: External structure of Hydra: Epidermis:
 Epidermal Cells: Epitheliomuscular cell
 Classification of Nematocyst
 Structure of Ideal Cnidocyte cell
4. Lesson 05: Locomotion of Hydra:
 Somersaulting (Fastest)
 Looping
 Difference between Somersaulting and Looping
 Role of different cells in Locomotion of Hydra
5. Lesson 03: Internal structure of Hydra: Gastrodermis:
 Mechanism of releasing thread from a nematocyst
6. Lesson 04: Food and Digestion system:
 Feeding Mechanism
7. Lesson 06 & 7: Reproduction of Hydra & Symbiosis, Labor of Hydra:
 Role of Interstitial cells in Hydra.
 Division of labor: hydra
 Development
8. Lesson 07: Symbiosis of Hydra and division of labor in Hydra:
 Benefits obtained by Hydra & Algae
9. Lesson 12 & Lesson 19: Circulation of grasshopper and Labeo Rohita:
 Difference between the two Animals circulation
 More developed: Circular system of grasshopper or hilsha
10. Lesson 12: Circulation of grasshopper
 Difference between open and closed circulation
 Difference between Haemocoel and coelom
 Process of circulation system
11. Lesson 13: Respiration of Grasshopper:
 Structure of respiratory organ
 Process of respiration (*main role played by juice not oxygen)
 Role of each respiratory organ
12. Lesson 14: Sensory Organs of Grasshopper:
 Vision Mechanism
 Structure of Ommatidium
13. Lesson 15: Excretory System of Grasshopper:
 Structure of Malpighian tube
 Process of Excretion
14. Lesson 16: Reproductive and metamorphosis of grasshopper
 Metamorphosis
 Copulation to development (Temperature coping of grasshopper children
in winter)
 Difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis
 Role of hormones in metamorphosis
** Difference between respiratory system of grasshopper and human.
15. Lesson 18: Rui Fish
 External Structural Features: Fins
16. Lesson 19: Circulatory system of Labeo Rohita
 Heart of Labeo Rohita
 Reason of naming of rui fish heart as Venus heart
 Description of circulatory system
 Different between Afferent and Efferent System
17. Lesson 21: Respiration of Rui fish
 Structure of gills
 Role of Gills in aquatic respiration and intake of respiratory gases
 Reasons of Respiration being one-directional
18. Lesson 22: Air Bladder of Rui Fish
 Description of Air Bladder
 Importance of Air bladder (*in floating)
19. Lesson 25: Conservation of Labeo Rohita
 Uses of Conservation
 Steps for Conservation
**Difference between respiratory mechanism of Rui fish and Humans
**Difference between heart of Rui fish and Humans
Chapter 3: Human Physiology: Digestion and Absorption
1. Lesson 1-6:
 Enzymes/Hormones in Digestion of Non-Vegetarian (Protein) and other
food components
 Glands in Digestive System
 Digestion of glucose/Carbohydrates
 Digestion of Fat products
 Digestion of Protein
 Digestion of Complex foods into Simple Foods
2. Lesson 2 & 3: Digestion of stomach & digestion of liver
 Difference between stomach and liver
3. Lesson 02: Digestion in Stomach
 Digestion of different types of food components except glucose
 Activities/Importance of Stomach
 Role of HCL
 Structure of Stomach
4. Lesson 03: Role of Liver
 Importance of Liver in Digestion
 Role of Liver in both Metabolic/ Psychological and Storing activities
 Structure of liver
5. Lesson 03 & 04: Role of Liver and Pancreas
 Importance of Liver and pancreas in glucose production
6. Lesson 04: Role of Pancreas
 Characteristics of Pancreas
 Importance of the Pancreas
 Digestion in Pancreas of different food components
 Digestion and Metabolic process in Pancreas
7. Lesson 05: Role of Nervous System and Hormones in Digestion:
 Role of Hormones in Digestion
8. Lesson 06: Digestion of Food in Small Intestine
 Digestion of protein and other food components in the small intestine
9. Lesson 07 & 08: Absorption of Nutrients in Small Intestine & Transportation of
Absorbed Nutrients and Its Fate
 Role of Blood in the absorption and transportation of fats and lipids
10. Lesson 07: Absorption of Nutrients in Small Intestine
 Role of Small intestine in absorption
11. Lesson 09: Role of Large Intestine
 Importance of Large Intestine
12. Lesson 11: Obesity
 Cause and prevention of Obesity
 Fat and Cholesterol
*** Angioplasty for pluck deposition in Coronary veins
Chapter 04: Human Physiology: Blood and Circulation
1. Lesson 1: Blood
 Functions of Plasma
2. Lesson 2: Blood Corpuscles
 Structure and functions of blood corpuscles
 Functions of Platelets
 Importance of Leucocyte
 Differences between three corpuscles
 Description of types of WBC
3. Lesson 04: Blood Clotting
 Process of blood clotting
4. Lesson 06: Structure of Heart
 Structure of valves
 Types of muscles controlling heart
5. Lesson 07: Heartbeat and its Different Phases
 Description of Cardiac cycle (Origin of two sounds of heartbeat)
6. Lesson 08: Regulation of Heartbeat
 Role of SA node and AV node in heartbeat regulation
 Independence of heartbeat regulation
7. Lesson 09: Role of Baroreceptor & Volume receptor in Blood Pressure Regulation
 High/Low blood pressure detection and effects
8. Lesson 10: Blood circulation in Human body
 Description of blood circulation
 Different types of blood circulation
9. Lesson 11: Different Conditions of heart disease and remedy
 Remedies and prevention of Myocardial Infarction, Angina, Heart failure
 Causes/ Differences/Symptoms of Angina, Heart attack, Heart Failure
10. Lesson 12: Treatment of Heart Disease
 Pacemaker for arrhythmia
 Preventive steps for arrhythmia/ Weakening of SAN
***Blood Donation Criterions
***Difference between 4 types of heart by chambers
Chapter 05: Human physiology: Respiratory process and respiration
1. Lesson 01: Human respiratory system
 Structure of Alveolus
 Structure of Lungs
2. Lesson 03: Ventilation Mechanism and Control
 Control of inhalation and exhalation: Neurological, Chemical
3. Lesson 04 and 05: Transportation of Gaseous: O2 & CO2
 Transportation from Alveolus
 Respiration (inhalation and exhalation)
4. Lesson 05: Transportation of Gaseous: CO2
 Description
5. Lesson 06: Respiratory Pigment
 Importance of Hemoglobin (*on transportation of blood)
6. Lesson 07 & 08: Problem, symptom, remedy of respiratory tract: Sinusitis and otitis
media
 Classification of Sinus and their characteristics
 Remedy of Sinusitis
7. Lesson 09: Comparison of X-ray images of lungs.
 Impacts of smoking on human health
 Societal impacts by the smoker
 Difference between smoker and non-smoker
8. Lesson 10: Artificial Respiration
 Process of artificial respiration
*** Pulmonary vein and artery are exceptional
Chapter 07: Human physiology: Locomotion and Movement of organ
1. Lesson 01: Human Skeleton system: Axial Skeleton
 Description of 1st vertebral column
 Description of Hind Limb: Femur
2. Lesson 03: Structure of Bone and Cartilage
 Difference between bone and cartilage
 Describe the Haversian Canal of Compact bone
 Types of cartilage
 Structure of cartilage
3. Lesson 3 & 5: Structure of bone and cartilage and structure and functions of muscles
 Difference between bone and smooth muscles
4. Lesson 05: Structure and functions of muscles
 Structure of skeletal muscles
 Difference between smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
 Characteristics of skeletal muscle
5. Lesson 08: Functions of Skeleton and Rod-Lever system
 Mechanical system of rod-lever structure
 Describe structure and role of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd class lever (separately)
6. Lesson 09: Coordination of bone and muscle in knee movement
 Describe the coordination process
7. Lesson 10: Fractures of bone and first aid
 First Aid of Simple fracture of bone
8. Lesson 12: Injury of bone joints and sprains
 Causes of Sprain
 First Aid of Sprain
***Mechanical and physical purpose of skeletal muscle
Chapter 11: Genetics and evolution
1. Lesson: 04: Deviation from Mendel’s first law
 Genetical Description of Incomplete dominance, Co dominance, Lethal
gene
 Genetical Description of Incomplete dominance, Co dominance, Lethal
gene
2. Lesson 08: Sex Linked Disorder: Color Blindness
 Genotypical explanation of colorblindness
 Characteristics of offspring due to parental colorblindness
 Causes of Colorblindness
3. Lesson 10: ABO blood groups and problems due to Rh factor
 Social Marriage and Blood groups
 Causes and characteristics of blood groups
 Prevention of blood related diseases
4. Lesson: 05: Deviation from Mendel’s second law
 Genetical Description of Complementary gene, Dominant Epistasis,
Duplicate recessive Epistasis.
5. Lesson 15: Evidence of Evolution: Embryological evidence, physiological and
biochemical, cytological and genetical evidence
 Embryological evidence
6. Lesson 12: Evolution theory: Darwinism
 Criticism of Darwinism
 6 basic logic of Darwinism
7. Lesson 13: Evidences of evolution: Paleontological and geological evidence
 Description of connecting fossil: Archaeopteryx
 Characteristics of multiple phylum in Archaeopteryx
 Paleontological evidence of evolution
8. Lesson 02: Laws of Mendel
 Mendel’s 1st law
 Mendel’s 2nd law
9. Lesson 06: Polygenic inheritance
 Description of polygenic inheritance
10. Lesson 11: Theory of evolution: Lamarckism
 Direct environmental effect over living organisms
11. Lesson 09: Sex linked disorder: Muscular dystrophy and Hemophilia
 Genotypical description of Hemophilia parental Hemophilia
 Impact on offspring through circumstances of
***Characteristics of living fossil: platypus
***Differences between the laws of Mendel and their exceptions