Biology 1
Lec 6 – Cell Division
1. What is cell division? Why do cells divide?
2. What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
3. DNA/RNA Review
a. What are chromosomes? What do histone proteins do?
b. What are genes? Why are genes important?
c. Review the differences between DNA and RNA
4. What is a karyotype? What does a karyotype show? What are some of the karyotype
applications?
5. Define aneuploidy; What is the relationship between maternal age and aneuploidy?
6. What are somatic cells? What are diploid cells? Do all human cells divide? What is the problem
with the lack of cell division in diseases such as diabetes and myocardial infarction
7. Cell Division – Mitotic Cell Division (Mitosis)
a. What cells divide by mitosis?
b. What are subphases of Interphase? What are the key things that occur in interphase
c. What is DNA replication? What is the role of DNA helicase? What is the role of DNA
polymerase?
d. When chromosomes are copied, what are they called?
e. Know the key events that occur during: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
f. What is cytokinesis
8. What are cell cycle checkpoints? Why are they important?
9. Bacterial division – what is binary fission?
10. Cell Division – Meiotic Cell Division (Meiosis)
a. What cells divide by meiosis?
b. Note: Meiosis is similar to mitosis, but meiosis has two rounds to cell division
c. For meiosis I, know the key events that occur during: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase,
Telophase (Note: Meiosis II is identical to Mitosis)
d. What is crossing over?
11. What is spermatogenesis and oogenesis? How is oogenesis different from spermatogenesis?
12. List/Discuss some of the differences between the following stem cells:
a. Somatic stem cells
b. Embryonic stem cells – why are these cells considered controversial
Label the diagram below with the following labels:
Anaphase
Interphase
Cell division (M Phase)
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Interphase
G1 – cell grows
Metaphase
G2 – prepares for mitosis
Mitosis
Prophase
S-DNA replication
Telophase
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Then on the diagram, lightly color the G1 phase BLUE, the S phase YELLOW ,
the G2 phase RED, and the stages of mitosis ORANGE. Color the arrows
1. Fill out
the
diagram
of the
cell-cycle
include
indicating
all of
thefollowing
interphases
in GREEN.
Color
the part and
of the
arrowall of the following terms below. In
addition,
answer
the and
following
questions
below.
indicating
mitosis
PURPLE
the part
of the arrow
indicating cytokinesis
YELLOW .









Interphase
S- Phase
G1 & G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase 


2. Why do cells divide?
3. Indicate in the diagram above the location of cell-cycle checkpoints. What is the function of
cell-cycle checkpoints?
4. Fill out the following table that pertains to the comparison between MITOSIS and MEIOSIS
QUESTION
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
Name of cells that undergo
this type of cell division
How many rounds of DNA
Replication occur for both
types of cell division?
What aligns at the center of
the cell during metaphase?
(Metaphase I of Meiosis)
What separates during
Anaphase ? (Anaphase II for
Meiosis)
Name of chromosome
structure that appears after
Cytokinesis (Cytokinesis I for
Meiosis)
NOTE: Chromosome Structure = Chromatid, Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosomes
26. Below is a general image of a karyotype. Answer the following questio
(a) Discuss to a friend with zero biology background what a karyotype demonstrat
What specifically is shown in a karyotype and what important information can we o
from it ( 6pts)
EXAM PRACTI CE PROBLEMS:
5. What are haploid cells? What are Diploid cells? Why do diploid cells contain two copies of each
chromosome? Why do haploid
cells contain
one copy
each
chromosome?
1. Discuss
to a friend
with of
zero
biology
background what a karyotype demonstrates.
What specifically is shown in a karyotype and what important information can we obtain
from it?
(b) From what you have learned over the past few weeks, how would the karyotyp
below differ from a karyotype from an individual with: ( 6pts)
6. Discuss to a friend with zero biology background what a karyotype demonstrates. What
(a) Down
Syndrome
specifically is shown in a karyotype
and what
important information can karyotype analysis
(b)
Cancer
(in general)
demonstrate?
Scien&fic(Teaching(Fram
ew
Karyotyping
Exam III:
Study
Question III
! COOL laboratory technique
where tissue samples are stained
and examined.
Assessment)
! Size, shape and number of
chromosomes are examined
Ac&ve)
Learning)
Equity)
! Can identify genetic disorders
and)
Diversity)
Q: Discuss to a friend with minimal biology knowledge what a karyotype
shows? What important information can weCollec&ng)Classroom)Evidence)
obtain from this technique?
HeLa cells Karyotype
Biology 10: F undamenta
El Camino Col le
Anthony X