How the body uses food
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA0QMn9VfoE
What are the three ways carbs are used?
Immediate energy, as stored energy, or as stored fat
What type of sugar does the body use for energy?
Glucose
What does the liver do with glucose?
Sends it into the bloodstream to be used as immediate energy for cells. If there's extra glucose, the liver converts it to
glycogen for storage
What is glycogen?
Storage form of glucose energy
Where is glycogen stored?
Liver and muscles
What happens to extra glucose once glycogen storage is full?
The extra glucose or carbs are stored as fat in fat tissue
What are the three ways proteins are used?
Build stuff, used as energy, or stored as fat
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Can extra protein be converted to fats?
Yes
What are the two molecules that fats can be converted into when fat is used as energy?
Ketones or Glucose
Energy Systems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWe8vtztW-4
What molecule is used for energy in the human body?
Adenosine triphosphate
How long can the stored ATP in the muscles support activity?
A few seconds
What does anaerobic mean?
Oxygen is not required to produce ATP
What does aerobic mean?
Oxygen is needed for ATP production
What type of energy requirements does the atp-pcr system support?
Strength and power movements lasting about 5 to 15 seconds
How does the atp-pcr system work?
Quick burst movements initially use ATP stored in the muscles. For the first few seconds, ATP provides energy alone.
Then, a compound called creatine phosphate (PCR) buffers the ATP for another few seconds.
What is glycogen?
Stored form of glucose found in the muscles and liver
The hydrogen ions generated through the glycolytic system are from the lactic acid the formed. How does this affect
muscles?
During the glycolytic system, lactate is formed and hydrogen ions are released. The accumulation of these hydrogen ions
in the muscle causes the muscle to become more acidic, contributing to fatigue and a burning sensation
What time frame of exercise is supported by the glycolytic system?
Maximum rates for between 1 to 2 minutes
Can all three energy systems be trained to be more effective?
Yes
Insulin v Glucagon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbOgYs5m3bs
Where are insulin and glucagon produced?
Pancreas
Under what blood glucose levels does glucagon respond?
Low blood glucose levels
What is the first thing that happens in response to glucagon?
It stimulates the liver to break down stored glycogen into glucose in a process called glycogenolysis
What can happen to fats in response to glucagon?
It can get converted into glucose
Big picture, what is the job of glucagon?
To increase the amount of glucose in the blood when levels are low
What is the main responsibility of insulin?
Transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells
Any excess glucose if first converted in to what molecule?
Glycogen
Excess glucose will also be converted into what molecule?
Fats
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