Week 1
Engineering Drawing
An Introduction
TM 141325 / 3 SKS
Fahmi Mubarok, ST., MSc, PhD
Mechanical Engineering, ITS- Surabaya
fahmi@me.its.ac.id
1
Engineering Drawing
Importances
2
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
Try writing the description of these pictures……………
3
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
………………..………or these pictures
And let someone attempt to make a sketch or visualize from your
description.
4
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
It can be found that …
The word language is
inadequate
for describing the
size, shape and features
completely as well as concisely.
5
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Visualization
Visualize
Problem identification
& exploration of ideas
is the ability to mentally
picture things that do not
exist
Sketches
Draw , design and
record initial ideas
Communication
Geometric model
Created from sketches
used or analysis
Detail drawings
&
3D model
Refine, optimize
& record the precise
data for production
process or
implementation
the design solution
should be communicated
to others without
ambiguity
Documentation
permanent record of the
solution
6
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Design
Geometric
model
Analysis
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
7
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Design
Geometric
model
Analysis
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
8
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Geometric
model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
9
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Geometric
model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
10
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Design
Geometric
model
Analysis
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
11
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Visualize
Exploration of Ideas
Sketches
Design
Geometric
model
Analysis
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
12
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Designer
Drafter
• Sketches
• Design Drawing
Technical Drawing
Engineering
Drawing
End User
Operators,
Assembly lines,
Consumers, ETC
13
Portfolio
14
Engineering Drawing
Standards
15
Standards Definition
Drawing standards are set of rules that govern how
technical drawings are represented.
Why Necessary
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
16
Standard Code
Full name
Country
Code
USA
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
Japan
JIS
Japanese Industrial Standard
UK
BS
British Standard
Australia
AS
Australian Standard
Germany
DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO
International Standards Organization
17
Drawing Sheet : Standard size
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size
(JIS)
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
210 x 297
297 x 420
420 x 594
594 x 841
841 x 1189
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
18
Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin
Border d
lines
A3
297 x 420
Drawing space
Title block
19
Drawing Scales : Definition
Length, size
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a
drawn representation of an object and the actual object.
1
:
2
10
20
Drawing
Actual
20
Drawing Scales : Designation
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows
SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales
SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.
21
Drawing Scales : Standard scale
Standard reducing scales are
1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100
Standard enlarging scales are
2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1
22
Recommendation
Text’s style on the drawing
must have the following
Examples
GOOD
2 properties
Not uniform in style.
Legibility
- Shape
Not uniform in height.
- Space between letters
- Space between words
Uniformity
- Size (or text height)
- line thickness
Not uniformly vertical.
Not uniform in
thickness of stroke.
Inappropriate space
between letters
23
Style (this course)
Gothic vertical style.
Begin the sentence, phrase or word with a capital letter.
Text height 2~3 mm.
Space between lines of text is about of text height.
Height of the lower-case letter is about 2/3 of that of a
capital letter.
24
Basic Strokes
Straight
Slanted
Horizontal
Curved
Examples
“I” letter
1
“A” letter
2
1
“B” letter
1
4
3
5
6
3
2
25
Letters and Numerals
26
Upper-case Letters and Numerals
27
Sentence Composition
Leave the space between words equal to the space
requires for writing a letter “O”.
Example
ALL ODIMENSIONS OARE OIN
MILLIMETERS OUNLESS
OTHERWISE O SPECIFIED.
28
Engineering Drawing
Line Types
29
Basic Line Types &Application
Thickness
Style
Thick
Thin
Visible line
Continuous
Dash
Chain
1. Visible line
1. Dimension line
2. Extension line
3. Leader line
Hidden line
Center line
represent features that can be seen in the current view.
2. Dimension line
Extension line indicate the sizes and location of features.
Leader line
3. Hidden line
represent features that can not be seen in the current view.
4. Center line
represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,
axis of axisymmetrical parts
30
Basic Line Types An Example
31
Basic Line Types
32
Drawing Equipments
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Busur derajat
Mal lingkaran
Pelindung penghapus
Mal huruf
Mal mur dan baut
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Papan/meja gambar
Kertas gambar
Penggaris T
Penggaris segitiga 90,60,30
Penggaris segitiga 90,45,45
Jangka & perlengkapannya
Pensil (mekanik atau kayu)
Rapido
Tinta rapido
Isi pensil mekanik
Penghapus tinta
Penghapus pensil
Pita perekat
Mal lengkung
Mistar
33
Summary
 The graphic language is the universal language used to design,
develop, and construct products and systems throughout the world.
 The design process combines ideas, scientific principles, resources,
and existing products into a solution for a problem.
 Every technical drawing is based on standards that prescribe what
each symbol, line, and arc means.
 The members of a engineering design project team must be able to
communicate among themselves and with the rest of the project team
to contribute to the team’s success.
 The basic principles for communicating information using technical
drawings are the same whether drawings are created by hand or
using CAD.
 Successful companies hire skilled people who can add value to their
team. A thorough understanding of the graphic language is an
essential skill that employers value
34
Lines
 Penggambaran berdasarkan prioritas sbb:
– Garis nyata (garis tebal, jenis A)
– Garis nyata yang terhalang (garis gores tipis, jenis E)
– Garis bidang potong (jenis H)
– Garis sumbu (jenis G)
– Garis bantu, ukur, arsir (jenis B)
35
Garis
Kelompok tebal garis
Kelompok
tebal garis
(mm)
0.25
0.35
0.5 (*)
0.7 (*)
1.0
1.4
2.0
Tebal
(A dan G)
0.25
0.35
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
Sedang
(D)
0.18
0.25
0.35
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
Ukuran
Tipis
kertas yang
(B, C, E, F, H)
sesuai
0.13
0.18
0.25
0.35
0.5
0.7
1.0
*) Kelompok pasangan tebal garis yang sering dipakai
A5
A4 – A2
A4 – A1
A4 – A0
A3 – A0
A3 – A0
A2 – A0
36
Lines
 Jarak antar sumbu garis-garis yang berdekatan
dianjurkan minimal 3 kali tebal garis
 Garis-garis sejajar yang berpotongan, jarak
dianjurkan min. 4 kali tebal garis
37
Lines
 Untuk beberapa garis yang berpusat pada sebuah
titik, garis-garisnya dianjurkan tidak digambar
berpotongan pada titik pusatnya, tetapi berhenti
pada titik dimana jarak antara garis yang
berdekatan kurang lebih sama dengan 3 kali tebal
garisnya
38
Lines
 Garis gores dan garis gores titik yang berpotongan atau bertemu
harus diperlihatkan dengan jelas titik perpotongan atau
pertemuannya
 Panjang garis gores dan jarak antaranya pada satu gambar harus
sama
 Jarak antara garis gores atau garis gores titik harus cukup pendek
atau tidak terlalu panjang
39
Alphabet
 Pada umumnya/praktisnya langsung
menggunakan mal huruf
 Penggunaan mal huruf harus proporsional
(komposisi, ukuran huruf)
40
Drawing Head
 Keterangan yang secara umum menjelaskan isi
gambar (komponen, pembuat, material)
 Posisi di sudut kanan bawah ruang gambar (kertas
gambar)
41
Drawing Head
42
Kepala Gambar
Model A
Model B
43
Proportion and scale
 Tata letak dari gambar disesuaikan dengan ukuran
kertas dan jumlah komponen yang harus digambar
 proporsional
 Skala gambar tidak ada aturan standarisasi, namun
harus proporsional terhadap ukuran kertas, dan
ukuran benda kerja
44
Geometrical Construction
 Sketch line that aiding real lines during drawing
 Erased after the drawing is finish
45