Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Module Guide Copyright © 2024 MANCOSA All rights reserved; no part of this module guide may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying machines, without the written permission of the publisher. Please report all errors and omissions to the following email address: modulefeedback@mancosa.co.za isiZulu Conversational 102 Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Preface............................................................................................................................................................... 1 Unit 1: IsiZulu Language Structure (Ukwakheka Kolimi LwesiZulu) ................................................................... 8 Unit 2: Greetings, Self-Introduction & Introducing another Person.(Ukubingelela, Ukuzethula Nokwethula Omunye Umuntu) ................................................................................................................................. 33 Unit 3: Sentences and Tenses ......................................................................................................................... 42 Unit 4: Questioning, Requests and Commands (Ukubuza, Ukucela Nokunika Imiyalelo)................................ 53 Unit 5: Commonly Used IsiZulu Words According to Themes (Amagama Ajwayele Ukusetshenziswa Ngokwezindikimba)............................................................................................................................... 63 Unit 6: Izingcezu Zenkulumo (Parts of speech)................................................................................................ 79 Unit 7: Ukubhala Nokwethula (Creative Writing & Presentation) ..................................................................... 91 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................100 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................................119 1 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching i isiZulu Conversational 102 Preface A. Welcome Dear Student It is a great pleasure to welcome you to isiZulu Conversational 102 (ZUCBED 102). To make sure that you share our passion about this area of study, we encourage you to read this overview thoroughly. Refer to it as often as you need to since it will certainly make studying this module a lot easier. The intention of this module is to develop both your confidence and proficiency in this module, isiZulu Conversational. The field of isiZulu Conversational is extremely dynamic and challenging. The learning content, activities and self- study questions contained in this guide will therefore provide you with opportunities to explore the latest developments in this field and help you to discover the field of IsiZulu Conversational as it is practiced today. This is a distance-learning module. Since you do not have a tutor standing in front of you while you study, you need to apply self-discipline. You will have the opportunity to collaborate with each other via social media tools. Your study skills will include self-direction and responsibility. However, you will gain a lot from the experience! These study skills will contribute to your life skills, which will help you to succeed in all areas of life. We hope you enjoy the module. MANCOSA does not own or purport to own, unless explicitly stated otherwise, any intellectual property rights in or to multimedia used or provided in this module guide. Such multimedia is copyrighted by the respective creators thereto and used by MANCOSA for educational purposes only. Should you wish to use copyrighted material from this guide for purposes of your own that extend beyond fair dealing/use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. B. Module Overview Greetings and welcome to the course in IsiZulu Conversational Module. The module is a 16 credit module at NQF level 5 Course overview The broad areas covered by this module include: 1 • IsiZulu Language structure; • Morphology; • Communication skills in isiZulu – including gestures; • Basic conversational words, terms and concepts to initiate a conversation in isiZulu; • Sentence construction for conversational isiZulu; • Parts of speech and isiZulu abbreviations; • Building up of a bank of commonly used isiZulu words; • Code switching in conversation across languages MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Aims of the module: • This module has been designed and written to assist in achieving learning outcomes as reflected in the following areas • To develop the students’ conversational competence through the medium of isiZulu • The module is based on theory and practice of learning isiZulu as a conversational language C. Exit Level Outcomes and Associated Assessment Criteria of the Programme Exit Level Outcomes (ELOs) • Demonstrate an understanding Associate Assessment Criteria (AACs) of • theories and principles that inform teaching and learning Theories are applied during lesson facilitation to understand teaching and learning • Fundamental educational practices are understood to inform learning practices • Demonstrate knowledge of and apply the • School policies are analysed within the South African prevailing school and curriculum policies context to understand teaching practice that inform teaching practices • Evaluate and diverse contexts in which • History and socio-economic imbalances within the diverse teaching and learning takes place within South African contexts are deconstructed and compared to the South African school system understand sound lesson planning • Lessons on the disparate South African contexts are facilitated and applied in the various forms of assessments to ensure sound understanding of contextual diversity • Apply understanding of a learner-centred • Learner-centred teaching and learning strategies are pedagogy to meet the diverse South applied in lesson planning and delivery to understand and African learner needs and contextual cater for learner diversity variations in schools • Learner diversity and inclusivity are recognised through reflective lesson planning to understand content in relation to context • Acquire knowledge within subject areas • Subject knowledge is acquired to understand teacher taking cognisance of learner diversity and training and development inclusive education as it relates to learning • Diverse teaching contexts including limited resources in schooling communities are demonstrated to plan lessons according to learner inclusivity MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 2 isiZulu Conversational 102 • Apply skills, attitudes and values through • Teaching methodologies and strategies are applied to theories and principles that inform inform and improve teaching and learning teaching and learning within specified method modules • • Learner diversity and inclusivity are accommodated to enhance the delivery of specialisation subject lessons Demonstrate the ability to plan and • Teaching and learning resources and technologies are conduct lessons, incorporating the use of demonstrated during Work Integrated Learning to facilitate teaching and learning technologies to effective lesson planning and lesson delivery facilitate effective learning through Work Integrated Learning • Develop competency to communicate • English communication skills are developed competently to effectively through the medium of English understand effective utilisation of language thereby improving student employability • D. Develop competency to converse with • Conversational language skills, in one of the indigenous learners in one of the indigenous African African languages is formulated to increase language languages competencies Learning Outcomes and Associated Assessment Criteria of the Module LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE MODULE ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF THE MODULE • Display conversational competence • through the medium of isiZulu Basic conversational words, terms and concepts to initiate a conversation through the medium of isiZulu is acquired to improve communication Introduce themselves and others in the • medium of isiZulu The medium of isiZulu is used introduce themselves to improve communication Construct simple sentences paying • particular attention to tense Appropriate sentences for conversation in isiZulu on some daily routines, occurrence and tenses are constructed to ensure effective dialogue for daily use • Understand the different types of • questioning techniques in isiZulu • Different types of questioning techniques in isiZulu are understood to apply conversationally • Give instructions in isiZulu Instructions in isiZulu are given to improve communication in isiZulu • Demonstrate conversations 3 code switch in • The nature and role of code switching in conversational isiZulu is understood to allow for bilingualism MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 E. Learning Outcomes of the Units You will find the Unit Learning Outcomes on the introductory pages of each Unit in the Module Guide. The Unit Learning Outcomes lists is an overview of the areas you must demonstrate knowledge in and the practical skills you must be able to achieve at the end of each Unit lesson in the Module Guide. F. Programme Notional Learning Hours Learning time Types of learning activities % Lectures/Workshops (face to face, limited or technologically mediated) 10 Tutorials: individual groups of 30 or less 10 Syndicate groups 0 Practical workplace experience (experiential learning/work-based learning etc.) 20 Independent self-study of standard texts and references (study guides, books, journal articles) 35 Independent self-study of specially prepared materials (case studies, multi-media, etc.) 20 Other: Online 5 TOTAL 100 G. Acronyms i.e. Namely e.g For example e.t.c ET Cetera n.b Nota bene MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 4 isiZulu Conversational 102 H. How to Use this Module This Module Guide was compiled to help you work through your units and textbook for this module, by breaking your studies into manageable parts. The Module Guide gives you extra theory and explanations where necessary, and so enables you to get the most from your module. The purpose of the Module Guide is to allow you the opportunity to integrate the theoretical concepts from the prescribed textbook and recommended readings. We suggest that you briefly skim read through the entire guide to get an overview of its contents. At the beginning of each Unit, you will find a list of Learning Outcomes. This outlines the main points that you should understand when you have completed the Unit/s. Do not attempt to read and study everything at once. Each study session should be 90 minutes without a break This module should be studied using the prescribed and recommended textbooks/readings and the relevant sections of this Module Guide. You must read about the topic that you intend to study in the appropriate section before you start reading the textbook in detail. Ensure that you make your own notes as you work through both the textbook and this module. In the event that you do not have the prescribed and recommended textbooks/readings, you must make use of any other source that deals with the sections in this module. If you want to do further reading, and want to obtain publications that were used as source documents when we wrote this guide, you should look at the reference list and the bibliography at the end of the Module Guide. In addition, at the end of each Unit there may be link to the PowerPoint presentation and other useful reading. I. Study Material The study material for this module includes programme handbook, this Module Guide, a list of prescribed and recommended textbooks/readings which may be supplemented by additional readings. J. Prescribed and Recommended Textbook/Readings The prescribed and recommended readings/textbooks presents a tremendous amount of material in a simple, easyto-learn format. You should read ahead during your course. Make a point of it to re-read the learning content in your module textbook. This will increase your retention of important concepts and skills. You may wish to read more widely than just the Module Guide and the prescribed and recommended textbooks/readings, the Bibliography and Reference list provides you with additional reading. 5 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Prescribed Reading(s) / Textbook(s): • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Reading(s): • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. K. Special Features In the Module Guide, you will find the following icons together with a description. These are designed to help you study. It is imperative that you work through them as they also provide guidelines for examination purposes. Special Feature Icon Explanation The Learning Outcomes indicate aspects of the particular Unit you have LEARNING to master. OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA The Associated Assessment Criteria is the evaluation of the students’ understanding which are aligned to the outcomes. The Associated Assessment Criteria sets the standard for the successful demonstration of the understanding of a concept or skill. A Think Point asks you to stop and think about an issue. Sometimes you THINK POINT are asked to apply a concept to your own experience or to think of an example. You may come across Activities that ask you to carry out specific tasks. ACTIVITY In most cases, there are no right or wrong answers to these activities. The purpose of the activities is to give you an opportunity to apply what you have learned. At this point, you should read the references supplied. If you are unable READINGS to acquire the suggested readings, then you are welcome to consult any current source that deals with the subject. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 6 isiZulu Conversational 102 PRACTICAL Practical Application or Examples will be discussed to enhance APPLICATION understanding of this module. OR EXAMPLES KNOWLEDGE You may come across Knowledge Check Questions at the end of each CHECK Unit in the form of Knowledge Check Questions (KCQ’s) that will test QUESTIONS your knowledge. You should refer to the Module Guide or your textbook(s) for the answers. You may come across Revision Questions that test your understanding REVISION QUESTIONS of what you have learned so far. These may be attempted with the aid of your textbooks, journal articles and Module Guide. Case Studies are included in different sections in this Module Guide. CASE STUDY This activity provides students with the opportunity to apply theory to practice. You may come across links to Videos Activities as well as instructions VIDEO ACTIVITY 7 on activities to attend to after watching the video. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 1: IsiZulu Language Structure (Ukwakheka Kolimi LwesiZulu) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 8 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 1.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 1.2 The System of Noun Classes • The basic principles that the structure of isiZulu is based on 1.3 The System of Concords • Describe the system of concords 1.4 The use of Vowels in IsiZulu • The use of vowels in isiZulu 1.5 Different Types of Consonants • Different types of consonants used in isiZulu 1.6 Summary • Summarise topic areas covered in unit Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. 9 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.1 Introduction Learning and speaking any new language, requires that a person learns to master the sounds of that particular language. This needs a lot of practice which could be difficult at the beginning, but as you keep on using the language, pronouncing and sounding the words correctly one could develop confidence which is equitable to that of a home language speaker. Building up more vocabulary and speaking skills is essential when learning a new language. Regular use of isiZulu in every opportunity and also listening to the speaker will help you in mastering the language. The diagram below clearly shows the way in which isiZulu words are constructed (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 1). 1.1.1 Morphology (Ukwakheka Kwamagama Olimi LwesiZulu Kanye Nemisho IMISINDO :Ongwaqa (consonants) :Onkamisa ( vowels) IZAKHI:Iziqalo (prefix) :Iziqu (stem) :Izijobelelo (suffix) Izinciphiso, (diminutive) IGAMA: Izingcezu Zenkulumo (Parts of speech) IMISHO: Izinhlobo zemisho (Types of sentence) Izindlela zesenzo (verb moods) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 10 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.1.2 IMISINDO (SOUNDS) Morphology basically equip us with sufficient understand of how words are formulate. It is therefore essential to know how words and sentences are constructed. When formulating IZAKHI (prefix, stem, suffix and diminutive) we put vowels and consonants together. For example: i+n=in. The –in- can be used as the prefix for the nouns: ingane, inkinga, inkawu etc. The stem is also formulated by combining vowels and consonants and then from there we get nouns and verbs (prefix + stem=noun/ verb (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 64-70). Below are the practical examples of how nouns are formulated: • Aba+ntu= abantu (people) • Isi+kole = isikole (school) • Umu+zi= umuzi (house) • Aba+ fana= Abafana (boys) • U+gogo= Ugogo (grandmother) • I(li)+tshe= Itshe/ Ilitshe (stone) • I(li)+phepha= iphepha (paper) • Uku+ fa= Ukufa (death) • Ubu+hle= Ubuhle (beauty) • Ama+zambane= Amazambane (potatoes) • (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 64-70) KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUESTIONS (AKE UZIHLOLE) Cozulula la magama alandelayo ngokukhipha izakhi kuwo okuyilezi: isiqalo+ ibizo. 1. Ikati 2. Idolobha 3. Incwadi 4. Ibhola 5. Udonga 6. Idada 7. Izinwele 8. Inkinga 9. Uphahla 10. Ibhodwe 11 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.1.3 SUFFIX: Diminutive and Enormous When the noun is formulated and complete, suffix (isijobelelo) may also be added at the end of the noun for different intentions. Suffix (ana) may be added when doing the diminutive of nouns (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 67). Below are the examples of how it is done: Amanzi+ ana= amanzana (water) Ubuhle + ana= ubuhlana (beauty) Ukufa+ ana = ukufana (death) Iphepha+ ana+ ipheshana (paper) Itshe+ ana= itshana (stone) Ugogo+ ana= ugogwana (grandmother) Abafana+ ana = abafanyana (boys) Umuzi+ ana =umuzana (house) Abantu+ ana = abantwana (people) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 67). SELF- QUESTIONS (AKE UZIHLOLE) Write the dimunitive for each of the following: 1. Ikati 2. Idolobha 3. Incwadi 4. Ibhuku 5. Udonga 6. Idada 7. Izinwele 8. Inkinga 9. Uphahla MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 12 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.1.4 Enormous When something is exceptionally huge whether in size, quantity or extent, we add –kazi at the end of the noun. Below are the examples of how it is done: a. Ikhanda+ kazi= ikhandakazi b. Isandla+ kazi = isandlakazi c. Umuthi+ kazi = umuthikazi d. Imfene+ kazi = imfenekazi e. Ibhuku+ kazi = ibhukukazi f. Isikhwama+ kazi = isikhwamakazi g. Isihlahla+ kazi = isihlahlakazi h. Ibhola+ kazi = ibholakazi i. Umcebo+ kazi = umcebokazi j. Ivovo+ kazi = Ivovokazi The suffix –kazi can also be used to demonstrates gender. It is only added when we are referring to a female gender. For example: a. Indoda+ kazi =indodakazi b. Inkosi+ kazi = inkosikazi c. Ubaba+ kazi = ubabekazi d. Umfundisi+ kazi= umfundisikazi e. Uthishela+ kazi= uthishelakazi f. Inceku+ kazi = incekukazi The combination of different words (parts of speech) forms sentences. Parts of speech are discussed further in Unit 2 The isiZulu language structure is based on the two principles i.e. (i) The system of noun classes (ii) The system of concords 1.2 The System of Noun Classes In IsiZulu the name of a thing which can be concrete or abstract or a person is placed in what is called noun classes or groups according to their prefixes. There are 15 noun classes. Each word begins with a particular syllable or syllables in the singular and in the plural form. These syllables are known as prefixes. The syllables determine if the word is in singular or plural form, i.e umuzi (house), imizi (houses) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 74-76). 13 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 In the above example the prefix umu- is in the singular form and the prefix imi- is in the plural form. It is clear in the examples above that the change is in the prefixes only. The part that does not change is known as the noun stem. The noun class in the singular form is followed by the noun class in the plural form. The change is in the prefix only (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 74-76). The table below has all noun classes. All prefixes have been bolded. 1.2.1 Noun Classes (Izigaba zamabizo) Isigaba Isiqalo Isibonelo samabizo (Examples of Nouns) (Class) (Prefix) 1a U- Umalume,ugogo, umama (Uncle, grandmother, mother 2a O- Omalume,ogogo, omama (Uncles, grandmothers, mothers 1 Umu-/um Umshumayeli, umshushisi,umfundisi (Preacher, prosecutor, pastor 2 Aba- Abashumayeli,abashushisi,abefundisi (Preachers, prosecutors, pastor) 3 Um(u) Umuzi ,umuthi, umfula 4 Imi Imizi, imithi, imifula 5 Ili-i- Ilifu, ifu, ifa, ilitshe, itshe (Cloud, inheritance, stone) 6 Ama Amafu, amafa, amatshe (Clouds, inheritances, stones) 7 Isi Isitha, isitsha, isisu (Enemy, dish, stomach) 8 Izi Izitha, izitsha, izisu (Enemies, dishes, stomachs) 9 iN- Ingane, ingalo, incwadi (Child, arm, book) 10 iziN- Izingane, izingalo, izincwadi (Children, arms, books) 11 Ulu-/u- Uluthi, phondo, uthando (Stick, horn, love) 14 Ubu- Ubuso, ubutha, ubuthi (face, animosity, poison) 15 Uku- Ukudla, ukufa (food, death) (House, medicine/ tree, river) (Houses, medicines/ trees, rivers) 12 13 (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 74-76). You will note that class 12 and 13 are blank. This is because noun classes do not only occur in isiZulu, but they occur to other languages which are further North in Africa. Therefore, those classes might appear in other North African Languages. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 14 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.2 NOUN CLASS 1 FAMILY BORROWED PERSONAL NAMES WORDS Uthisha (borrowed from Umama (Mom) UThemba English: teacher) Unesi Ubaba (Dad) (borrowed UVusi from English: nurse) Udokotela Ugogo (your grandmothers’ mom) (borrowed UZanele from English: doctor) Iwindi (borrowed from UNhlanhla Ubabomkhulu (your dads’ big brother) English: window) Ukhulu (grandmother) Umkhulu (Grandfather) Umalume (uncle) Umalumekazi (your uncles’ wife) Ubabekazi (your dads’ sister) Udadewethu (sister) Umfowethu (brother) Umzala (cousin) Umngani (friend) Umshana (niece) Umam’ncane (your moms’ younger sister) 15 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 ROLES OF FAMILY MEMBERS IN ZULU FAMILY DAD: He is the head of the family. His duty is to protect the family in every way possible. He is also expected to support the family financially, that is: paying kids’ school fees, buy grocery, provide shelter for the family and all basic needs. MOM: She gives emotional support to the family. The main role is to raise kids and look after her husband. She makes sure that children are taught respect and their roles at home. She is also expected to work as middle “man” between dad and the kids. The kids report to her and then she passes the message to the head of the family. Mom’s role is very crucial in a Zulu family structure. DAUGHTER: Young girls work closely with their moms as they are expected to master house wives’ duties at an early stage. They are taught how to cook, how to clean the house BUT mostly they are trained on how to look after their husband once they get married. If girls do not get married in Zulu culture they are taken as failures and humiliation. The society may even call them by names like uzendazamshiya. Young girls are also expected to keep their virginity up until marriage. SON: Young boys are expected to perform heavy duties at home. It is believed that if they perform these duties, they are going to be strong men when they grow up. They look up to their fathers so as to learn how to look after their family. Boys are always expected to be very strong such that they are not even expected to cry since they may be perceived as “weak or too soft”. 1.2.3 NOUN CLASS 1 NOUN PREFIX Uconsonant (noun class 1 has um/ umu) • SUBJECT CONCORD U BA MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 16 isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 3 FILL IN THE CORRECT SC 1. Mina…ya ethusini. 2. UVusi …xosha inja. 3. UGogo...yaxoxa. 4. Abafundi …hlala eThekwini. 5. Wena…thanda ukugibela ibhayisikili. 6. Umama ……khuluma isiXhosa 7. Umntwana ...yakhala 8. Abammeli...yaxoxa 9. Nina...phuza itiye 10. Othemba…buka iTV 1.2.3 NOUN CLASS 2 SINGULAR PLURAL Umuthi imithi tree/trees or medicine Umfula imifula river/rivers Umfino imifino green vegetable Umuzi imizi homestead/s Umlilo imililo fire/s Umgwaqo imigwaqo road/s FORM OF THE PREFIX 17 SC Um/umu u Imi i MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.4 Noun class 3 SINGULAR PLURAL Utamatisi Otamatisi Tomatoes Ushukela Oshukela Sugar Ubhanana Obhanana Banana/s U-anyanisi O-anyanisi Onion/s Ugwayi Ogwayi Tobacco Usikilidi Osilikidi Cigarette/s FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Uconsonant u O ba FILL IN THE SC 1. Imifino…..dulile. (expensive) 2. Abangane….ya eThekwini. 3. Utamatisi….shibhile. (cheap) 4. Oshukela….phelile. (finished) 5. Unesi……sebenza esibhedlela. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 18 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.5 NOUN CLASS 4 SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL Ikhehla Amakhehla Ikati Amakati Isosha Amasosha Ibhubesi Amabhubesi Isoka Amasoka Igundane Amagundane Ihhashi Amahhashi Ibhantshi Amabhantshi Ijazi Amajazi Itafula Amatafula Isokisi Amasokisi Ifasitela Amafasitela Ibhulukwe Amabhulukwe Ibhasi Amabhasi Amanzi Amasi Amandla FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Isiv. Li AMA A 1. Ikhehla…..thanda ukudla 2. Obaba…..thenga amaswidi 3. UThemba……funda isiZulu 4. Amazambane…..shibhile 5. Ikati…..phuza ubisi 6. Amakati…..xosha izinja 7. Mina…funda eThekwini 8. Amahewu…..dulile 19 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.6 NOUN CLASS 5 SINGULAR PLURAL Isinkwa Izinkwa Isihlalo Izihlalo Isitsha Izitsha Isipunu Izipunu Isikelemu Izikelemu Isitha Izitha Isalukazi Izalukazi FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Singular isi Si Plural izi Zi 1. Isinkwa…dulile 2. Isihlalo…ncane 3. Izitsha…ngcolile 4. Isalukazi…yahamba 5. Isihlahla…wile 6. Izinja...yalumana 7. Izingane...hambile 8. Isipuni...lahlekile. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 20 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.7 NOUN CLASS 6 SINGULAR PLURAL Inkomo izinkomo Ingulube izingulube Inyoni izinyoni Inja izinja Imvu izimvu Imbuzi izimbuzi Imbongolo izimbongolo Inyoka izinyoka Inkosi amakhosi (A concord exception) Indoda amadoda (A concord exception) Imali izimali Imoto izimoto FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Singular im or in i Plural izim or izin or izi zi 1. Inkosi...thenga imoto 2. Inyoni...banga umsindo 3. Izintombi…bona izinsizwa 4. Inyama…dulile 5. Amakhosi…ya esontweni 6. Izinja…yaxabana. 21 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.8 NOUN CLASS 7 SINGULAR PLURAL Uphaphe Izimpaphe Feather Uvemvane Izimvemvane Butterfly Uphondo Izimpondo Horn Ufudu Izimfudu Tortoise Uphiko Izimpiko Wing Ukhamba Izinkamba Clay pot Udonga Izindonga Wall Uthuli Izintuli Dust Ulwandle Izilwandle Beach/seaside Ulimi Izilimi Language Ucingo Izingcingo Telephone Ubisi No plural Milk FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Uconsonant Lu IziN/M Zi 1. Izimfudu…dla utshani 2. Ucingo…yakhala 3. Ubisi…phelile 4. Izimvemvane…yandiza 5. Udonga…khulu MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 22 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.2.9 NOUN CLASS 8 Ubuso face Ubuhlalu beads Ubunzima difficulty Ubusika winter Ubuthongo sleep Utshani grass Utshwala beer FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Ubu bu 1. Ubuthongo…mnandi 2. Utshwala…shibhile 3. Ubuhlalu…dulile 4. Utshani...yakhula 5. Ubusika…yabanda 1.2.10 NOUN CLASS 9 Ukudla food Ukufa death Ukuthula peace FORM OF THE PREFIX SC Uku ku No plural 1. Ukudla…mnandi 2. Ukufa…yasondela 3. Ukuthula…balulekile 23 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 ANSWERS FOR NOUN CLASS EXERCISES NOUN CLASS 1 1. NGI 2. UYA 3. BA 4. BA 5. U 6. U 7. U 8. BA 9. NI 10. BA NOUN CLASS 2 1. I 2. BA 3. U 4. BA 5. U NOUN CLASS 3 1. LI 2. BA 3. U 4. A 5. LI 6. A 7. NGI 8. A MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 24 isiZulu Conversational 102 NOUN CLASS 4 1. SI 2. SI 3. ZI 4. SI 1.3 The System of Concords In IsiZulu a sentence is formed by a subject, verb and an object. The concord is the part that is found preceding the verb stem in a verb (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 100-103). Let us look at this sentence: Umalume (subject) uphuza (verb) itiye (object). (Uncle drinks tea.) In the above sentence the u- in uphuza brings a link between the subject “umalume” and the verb –phuza. It is therefore clear that prefixes are not only used in the noun classes but brings the concordial agreement (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 100-103). Look at the following sentences and see how the concords work. Izingane zidlala ibhola. (Children are playing the ball.) Isikhwama sigcwele imali. (The bag is full of money.) Iphoyisa libopha isigebengu. (The policeman arrests the thug.) Activity 9 Ake ukhombise izivumelwano kule misho emifishane (Identify the concordsin these following short sentences.) (i) Umama uphuza ubisi. (Mom drinks milk ) (ii) Abantu balele. (People are sleeping ) (iii) Ukudla kumnandi. (The food is tasty ) (iv) Izingane ziyacula. (The children are singing ) (v) Indaba yinde. (The story is long) (vi) Sangena salala. (We entered and slept ) 25 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.4 The use of Vowels in IsiZulu There are FIVE basic vowels in isiZulu: These vowels do not differ from their English counterparts. All vowels are voiced and there is no air obstruction which passes through the mouth during pronunciation. A vowel is described according to the position of the tongue in the mouth at the moment it is articulated (Nkosi & Msomi, 2018 pp. 37) The following Vowel Chart will assist you to determine the position of the tongue inside the mouth whenever terms such as high, low, back and front are used in the description 1.4.1 The Vowel Chart- (Ishadi Lonkamisa) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 42) The main aim of the vowel chart is to help us see where different vowels are pronounced. There are seven (7) vowels in isiZulu, but we usually refer to them as a e i o u. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 26 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.4.2 Pronunciation of vowels A E I O U Abantu - people Ekhaya- at home Inja- dog Obaba-fathers Umuntuperson Abafana - boys Endlini-in the house Ingane- child Omalume-uncles Umfana-boy Amanzi - water Esikoleni- at school Ipeni-pen Ogogo- Umoba- sugar- grandmothers cane Osisi-sisters- Ubaba-father Abefundisi– priests Etafuleni- on the table Irabha –rubber brothers Abazali - parents Ekhishini-in the kitchen Isicabha-door Obhuti Umfula-river Activity 5 (AKE UZIHLOLE) Zama ukusho imisindo (Try to practice to pronounce the vowels) Kula magama funa unkamisa bese umkokelezela uzame ukumuphimisa. (In the following words circle a vowel and try to pronounce it.) 1. umama 2.ubaba 3.esikoleni 3.inqonqela 4.ikhekhe 5.ushukela 6.imenenja 7.abafana 8.ipeni 9.omalume 27 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.5 Different Types of Consonants CONSONANTS p ph mp b Bh mb m f mf v mv j nj t nt th D nd z nz ts hl dl nhl ndl sh tsh ntsh g ng K nk w Clicks c, q, x ns ns ch, nc, ngc qh, nq, gq, kh xh, nx, gx, ngx, A consonant is a speech sound that is not a vowel. These sounds are articulated with slight obstruction of the airflow, depending on the position of the tongue, teeth or lips at the time of articulation (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 54). 1.5.1 Ejective consonants 1.5.1.1 Ejective plosives These sounds are basically voiceless plosives and affricates. There is a lot of tension in the speech organs when these sounds are pronounced. There are three types of ejective plosives: (i) Bilabial ejective plosive as in the word ipeni (pen), ipiki (pick), ipayipi (pipe), ePitoli (in Pretoria) (ii) Alveolar ejective plosive as in the word isitembu (stamp), isitolo (store) isitashi (starch (iii) Velar ejective plosive as in the word ikama (comb), ikamelo (room) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.1.2 Ejective affricates (i) Alveopalatal ejective affricate as in the word utshani (grass), itshali (blanket), tshala (plough) (ii) Alveolar ejective affricate as in the word tsaka (to brag), utsotsi (thug) (iii) Velar lateral ejective affricate as in the word iklabishi (cabbage), klaya (to cut) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.1.3 Plosives with delayed voicing (i) Bilabial plosive with delayed voicing as in the word ibhalunda (balloon), ubhasikidi (basket) (ii) Aveolar plosive with delayed voicing as in the word idayisi (dice), didiyela (integrate) (iv) Velar plosive with delayed voicing as in the word gaya (to grind) igemu (game) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 28 isiZulu Conversational 102 1.5.1.4 Affricates with delayed voicing (v) This is the alveopalatal affricate with delayed voiced as in the word ujamu (jam), ijazi (coat) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.2. Aspirated Consonants These are voiceless plosives that are followed by a short period of voicelessness before the voicing of the following consonant starts (i) Bilabial aspirated plosives as in the word phuza (drink), phuthuma (rush). (ii) Alveolar aspirated plosive as in the word thuma, (send), ithiphu (tip). (vi) Velar aspirated plosive as in the word khala (cry), khula (grow) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.3 Fricative Consonants 1.5.3.1 Fricatives (i) Dentilabial voiceless fricative as in the word fisa (wish), fuza (resemble). (ii) Alveolar voiceless fricative as in the word isoso (saucer) iselesele (frog). (iii) Alveopalatal voiceless fricative as in the word shanela (sweep), shela (to propose love). (iv) Velar voiceless fricative as in the word hamba (go) humusha (translate). (vii) Alveolateral voiceless fricative as in the word hluka (differ) hlaba (slaughter) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.3.2 Voiced Fricatives (i) Dentilabial voiced fricative as in the word vuka (wake up), vakasha (visit). (ii) Alveolar voiced fricative as in the zomile (they are dry), zilula (they are easy). (iii) Alveolateral voiced fricative as in the word dlula (pass through), dlala (play). (viii) Glottal voiced fricative as in the word ihholo (hall) ihhala (rake). (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.4 Sonorant Consonants (ix) These are sounds which are voiced and have no audible construction of the air stream (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 29 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 1.5.4.1 Liquid sonorant: (x) Alveolateral voiced liquid as in the word letha, (bring) lula (stretch) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.4.2 Nasal Sonorants - the release of the air stream is through the nose: (i) Bilabial nasal as in the word mina (myself), musa (don’t). (ii) Alveolar nasal as in the word nakekela (take care of), inuku (an untidy person). (xi) Velar nasal as in the word ingozi (danger), inkungu (mist) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.4.3 Sonorant’s glides - also known as semi vowels: (i) Labial semi vowel as in the word wena (you), wami (mine). (ii) Alveopalatal semi vowel as in the word yona that one), yekela (don’t do it) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.5 The Implosive [b] Voiced bilabial implosive with an ingressive air stream during the moment of release. In the word basa (make fire), beka (put) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.6 The Partially Voiced [K] A partially voiced plosive, as in the prefix uku- in the word ukudla (food) or as a concord i.e. kumnandi (it’s tasty, or nice). 1.5.7 The Click Consonants Clicks sounds are made by trapping a body of the air between the tongue and the roof of the mouth: (i) The voiceless dental clicks as in the word cela (ask), cula (sing). (ii) The voiceless palatal clicks as in the word qeda (finish), qukula (lift up something). (iii) The basic lateral clicks as in the word xolisa (apologise), xoxa (talk) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.7.1 Aspirated Clicks consonants (i) Aspirated dental clicks as in the word chaza (explain), chathaza (decant). (ii) Nasalised dental click as in the word incwancwa (sour porridge), ncelisa (breast feed). (iii) Voice dental click as in the word ingcaca (something clear), ingcono (it is better) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.7.2 The Palatal Clicks (i) Aspirated palatal clicks as in the word qhuma (explode), qhakaza (blossom). (ii) Nasalised palatal click as in the word nqaba (decline), nqanda (prevent). (iii) Palatal click with delayed voicing as in the word gqilaza (make someone a slave), gqula (grind). MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 30 isiZulu Conversational 102 (iv) Voiced palatal clicks as in the word ingqathu (skipping rope), isingqazu (a very pretty woman) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.7.3 The Lateral Clicks (i) Aspirated lateral clicks as in the word xhawula (shake hands) xhamazela (doing things in a rushing manner). (ii) Nasalised lateral click as in the word inxokozelo (people talking at the same time making noise). (iii) Lateral clicks with breathy voice as in the word gxaza igazi (bleeding a lot), igxaba (a worn out cloth or dress). (iv) Voiced lateral clicks as in the word ingxangxa (certain type of a frog) ingxemu (squinted eyes person) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 44-48). 1.5.7.4 Word puzzle I B H A S I I U A A I U M S M K M Z M O I U H B O U T T S A A L Z O H A I O O I W O I S I T O F U Activity Puzzle -Find the following IsiZulu words in this puzzle ibhasi, akha, umuzi, izolo, isitofu, imoto, hamba, isitho, umusa. (Pronounce them in front of an IsiZulu speaker so that she /he can help with correct pronunciation. Write their meanings in English) 31 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Questions for Reflection 1. Name TWO principles that isiZulu structure is based on 2. Use the following prefixes to form any noun in IsiZulu. Also indicate the noun class that the nouns belong to: umuimiiliisiizin3. Pronounce the following words correctly: iqanda iculo ingxoxo upopo umshanelo iklabishi 4. Fill in the subject concord in the following sentences: Abafundi –bhala umsebenzi. Amanzi –mnandi ayathandeka. Izingane –bhaka amakhekhe. Inkomo –phuza amanzi. Isigebengu –ntshontsha imali. Uthisha –fundisa kahle. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 32 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 2: 33 Greetings, Self-Introduction & Introducing another Person.(Ukubingelela, Ukuzethula Nokwethula Omunye Umuntu) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 2.1 1Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 2.2 Greetings • Identify different greetings in IsiZulu. 2.3 Ukuzethula (Introduction) • Understand why greeting a person is important. • Greet a person in IsiZulu. • Introduce a person in IsiZulu. • Introduce yourself to other people in IsiZulu. • Summarise topic areas covered in unit 2.4 Summary Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 34 isiZulu Conversational 102 2.1 Introduction Greetings are very important in our lives as human beings because they convey an important message, i.e as human beings we recognise each other. No one would like to live in an environment where one is not noticed. To greet a person says you have noticed their presence, you are paying attention to that particular person. In this unit you will learn about different forms of greetings, self-introduction and introducing another person in IsiZulu. 2.2 Greetings Greetings promote the spirit of Ubuntu (Humanity). When you meet a person it is important to greet them. By greeting them you will be able to find about their wellbeing, their problems, etc. The person who is being greeted feels good that somebody has noticed their presence then they regard themselves as part of that person, and that they belong. Let us look how Bongi will greet a group of people in isiZulu and the way they will respond to her. EXAMPLE 1 (Isibonelo soku-1) Bongi meets a group of people; she has to greet them (plural). UBongi : Sanibonani. (Greetings to all of you). Abantu : Yebo, sawubona. (Yes hello). UBongi : Ninjani? (How are you?). Abantu : Sisaphila, nina ninjani? (We are well, and how are you?) UBongi : Nathi sisaphila. (We are also well.) Let us have a look on how now Bongi will greet Jabu when they meet each other. Take note that she’s meeting one person not a group of people. EXAMPLE 2 (Isibonelo sesi-2) Bongi meets Jabu (singular) UBongi : Sawubona Jabu. (Hello Jabu) UJabu : Yebo, sawubona Bongi. (Yes, hello Bongi.) UBongi : Kunjani/ Unjani? (I am well, and how are you?) UBongi : Nami ngisaphila. (I am also well). (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27) 35 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Variation of EXAMPLE 2 (Indlela ehlukile yesibonelo sesi-2) UBongi : Sawubona Jabu. (Hello Jabu) UJabu : Yebo, sawubona Bongi. (Yes, hello Bongi.) UBongi : Ninjani? (How are you?) UJabu : Sisaphila, singezwa nina? (We are fine we can hear from you.) UBongi : Nathi sisaphila. (We are also well.) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27) EXAMPLE 3 - included a good bye (Isibonelo sesi-3 sesifake isivaleliso) UZama : Sawubona mfowethu. (Hello brother). UThabo : Sawubona dadewethu. (Hello sister). UZama : Kunjani? (How are you?). UThabo : Ngiyaphila. (I am fine). UZama : Nami ngiyaphila (I am fine too). UThabo : Hamba kahle (Travel safely / go well). UZama : Sala kahle. (Good bye). (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27) The reason why Bongi is using the concord that is in a plural form (Ninjani) to ask Jabu how she is doing is simple because for Zulu speaking people, it is believed that they are accompanied by their ancestors. Therefore, she recognises the ancestors as well / she is greeting Jabus’ family. She wants to know how Jabus’ family is. Therefore, if there is a member in the family that is not well one will say we are fine although my brother is not well. Let us look at how Bongi responds when Jabu ask ‘Ninjani’ UJabu: Sanibona Bongi (Hello Bongi) UBongi: Yebo Jabu (Hi Jabu) UJabu: Ninjani (How are you all doing?) UBongi: Siyaphila nakuba umfowethu engaphilile kahle (We are fine although my brother is not well) UJabu: Kwakubi lokho, ngabe umfowenu uphethwe yini? (That’s bad, what is wrong with him?) UBongi: Uphethwe umkhuhlane. (His having a terrible flue) UJabu: Sifisa sengathi angalulama ngokushesha. (We wish him a speedy recovery.) UBongi: Siyabonga (We thank you) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27) Note also that Jabu has included her family in her response. Instead of ‘I’ she used ‘we’ mentioning her family members. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 36 isiZulu Conversational 102 Saying goodbye (sala kahle) means that you are bidding farewell to the person that you are leaving. Sala kahle literally means “stay well”. In return the person who is staying behind will say “hamba kahle”. Sala kahle and hamba kahle is in singular form. If Zama is leaving Thabo and other people she would say “salani kahle” or nisale kahle. The bolded suffix –ni in the verb salani means that the verb is in the plural form. In the verb nisale the prefix ni- is a concord. If Thabo is bidding farewell to Zama and others he would say “hambani kahle” or nihambe kahle. One can meet any elderly that they do not know and greet him/her/ if it’s a woman (umama) one would say: Sawubona mama. If they are many women she would say: Sanibona bomama. If it’s a grown up man (ubaba) he or she would say: Sawubona baba. If there are many men she / he would say: Sanibona bobaba. Sawubona / Sanibona (Hello) may be used as a greeting at any time of the day or night (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27). You will note the use of plural sa- in Sanibona. In isiZulu when you greet a person, you are not only greeting the one you see but other family members as well. If someone is not well at their home, you will hear about it from the person you greet. The plural sa- is therefore meant to cover the whole family. N.B Sawubona in isiZulu covers for all Good morning, Good day, Good afternoon, Good evening, Hello, Hi etc. Therefore, Sawubona is used at all the times when you are greeting someone except when you greet the king of the tribe (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27). (i) In some cases one need to greet in a more formal situation. In formal situations we always encounter male and females that we don’t know their names and whom we cannot refer to as baba (father) or mama (mother). Here we are compelled to use words like umnumzane – gentleman (Sir /Mr) unkosikazi – lady who is married, (Mrs/ Madam) unkosazane (lady) but not married or not sure (Miss, Ms). E.g. Sawubona mnumzane (singular) Sanibona banumzane (plural) Sawubona nkosikazi (singular) Sanibona 37 makhosikazi (plural) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp27) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 NB. When we greet traditional leaders for an example a king we use praises e.g. Bayede! Wena weNdlovu! (Your majesty! Royal highness!) It is also important to show respect when greeting such people using gestures like bowing your head or taking off your hat. It is a sign of being disrespectful to speak with an adult with your hat on. When you enter into a home (just any home) you are also expected to take off your hat to show that you respect all the members of that family. Ungakwenza? (Can you do this?) Activity 1 Lingisa nomunye ngesiZulu (Role play with another person you in isiZulu). • Greet him/ her and ask how she feels. • Greet a man in a formal environment. • Greet your friend and say goodbye. Activity 2 Bingelela abantu ababili ngesiZulu (Greet two people in IsiZulu). • Greet them, ask how they feel and say Goodbye. 2.3 Ukuzethula (Introduction) 2.3.1 Ukuzethula/ Ukuzazisa (Self- Introduction) Introduction is usually done when people are meeting for the first time. It can be a group from work who are in a seminar, social gathering or a new class with a group of students etc. The purpose of the introduction is to make a bunch of strangers to feel at ease as they will be together for some time. Also it helps in establishing a sense of unity or belonging. In many instances self-introductions go hand in hand with greetings e.g. Sawubona Nkosazana / Nkosikazi / Mnumzane / Jabu / Bangane / Bontanga njll. (Good morning) The self-introductory speech needs one to focus on himself/ herself. At least for sixty seconds everything that is important should be said. It must not take too long and going over and over the same things that you have said. You need to be very confident when you introduce yourself, stand up, speak clearly and your voice to be heard by everybody in the group. Do not mumble, be energetic. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 38 isiZulu Conversational 102 Some good tips you can follow when you introduce yourself. i. Grab your audience’s attention. ii. State your name clearly. iii. Place your self – where are you from, the organization you belong to and the position you hold. iv. Say your interests, passion or goals. v. Any background that you can share related to the group. vi. At the end you can share your personal details. Here are some examples of how people introduce themselves. Example 1 NginguNkosikazi Nzimande ngizalwa kwaThusi. Ngihlala eWoodhaven ngaseYellowwood Park khona lapha eThekwini. Nginabantwana abathathu, abafana ababili, nentombazane eyodwa. Ubaba wabo usebenza eMnyangweni wezeMfundo. Unguthishomkhulu kwesinye sezikole ngaseMarrianhill. (I am Mrs Nzimande, my maiden surname is Thusi. I live in Woodhaven closer to Yellowood Park here in Durban. I have three hildren, two boys and one girl. Their dad works for the department of education. He is a school principal in one of the schools in Marrianhill.) Example 2 Sanibona, ngingunkosazane Busisiwe Thobela. Ngihlala eMzimkhulu e-Eastern Cape Province endaweni ekuthiwa kuseBhisi. Ngingumfundi we- Honours Degree in Marketing la eMancosa. Ngiyathanda ukujima, ukubuka amamuvi kanye nokufunda amanoveli. Ngifisa ukuqeda izifundo zami ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Inombolo yami yeselula ithi: 087 879 9004. (Good morning, I am Miss Busisiwe Thobela. I live at UMzimkhulu in Eastern Cape Province in the area called Bhisi. I am an Honours Degree student in marketing here at Mancosa. I love going to the gym, watching movies and reading novels. I wish to complete my studies within the record time. My cell phone number is: 0878799004.) Activity Lingisa ukuzethula kozakwenu ekilasini lakho lesiZulu. (Dramatise the introduction of your peers in your isiZulu class). 39 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 UKWETHULA OMUNYE UMUNTU (INTRODUCING ANOTHER PERSON) Sometimes it happens that you would need to introduce someone in different settings. It could be in a formal or in an informal setting. Guest speakers are introduced in formal functions and two people going together can meet another person who is known by one of them. It is important to give the full name of the person you are introducing, his/her rank as well as some personal background. Example 3 Sanibonani. Lona engihamba naye uNkosazana Mbhele. Yena uhlala ePinetown. Usebenza kwa–Eskom eNew Germany. Unabantwana ababili, umfana nentombazane. (Greetings to all of you. The person I am with is Miss Mbhele. She stays in Pinetown. She works at Eskom in New Germany. She has two children; a boy and a girl.) Example 4 Sawubona Zama. Lona uSibongile Mbatha. Uhlala eMadadeni eNewcaslte. Ungumngani wami esasifunda naye ekolishi lobuthishela eMadadeni. Usengumhloli wezikole esifundeni sasoThukela. Sisaxhumana kakhulu naye. (Hello Zama. This is Sibongile Mbatha. She stays at Madadeni in Newcastle. She is my friend I was with at College of Education at Madadeni. She is now a senior education manager in the uThukela district. We are still in contact with each other.) Knowledge Check Questions (AKE UZIHLOLE) Activity 1 Answer the following questions. (Phendula le mibuzo elandelayo) I. Why do you think you can agree that greeting any person is important? II. Mention 2 places where you think one would have to introduce herself. III. Why is self-introduction important? IV. Why would people say one has failed to introduce herself or himself? V. Do you think self-introduction has anything to do with one’s personality? Activity 2 Write and read aloud (Bhala ufunde kuzwakale). Prepare your short self-introduction in isiZulu and to read it aloud to an isiZulu speaker who can help you with correct pronunciation. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 40 isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity 3 Compare self-introductions (Qhathanisa indlela yokuzethula.) Read and Compare Example 1 and Example 2 on the self-introductions and answer the following questions. In which settings are they introducing themselves? Which example is more appealing to you and why? Activity 4 Introduce a friend (Yethula umngani wakho omdala) You are in an academic conference with a friend. You happen to meet an old friend you attended Junior Degree course with. Introduce the old friend in isiZulu. Have a person who will listen to you and be able to help you with correct presentation. 2.4 Conclusion This unit has highlighted the importance of greeting people according to their levels. It also reveals that for people to start any conversation they must greet each other and if needs be, also introduce one another. It teaches one how to introduce another person in IsiZulu. It is therefore essential to understand that greeting in Zulu culture is a sign of respect. Questions for Reflection 1. Briefly explain why is greeting important? 2. Differentiate the way in which you greet one person and a group of people in isiZulu. Also ask them how they feel. 3. Why is it important to take off your hat when greeting an elder? 4. Give some tips to follow when you are introducing yourself. Use those tips to introduce yourself to your peers in isiZulu 41 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 3: Sentences and Tenses (Imisho Nezinkathi Zesenzo) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 42 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 3.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 3.2 Sentences • Construct a simple sentence in isiZulu. 3.3 Tenses (Izinkathi Zesenzo) • Analyse the structure of the sentence i.e. subject, verb and object. • Identify different tenses in isiZulu. • Use sentences in the present tense, future tense, and past tenses. • Identify the difference between the use of –yo- and –zo- in the future tense. Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. 43 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 3.1 Introduction The unit will assist students to use correct sentences in the simple present tense, future tense and past tense. Although noun classes have been dealt with in the previous units, they will still be used to make sentences. Using small, easy sentences builds one’s confidence in the language. 3.2 Sentences The noun has been introduced in the previous unit. Here you were shown how the prefix and the stem combine to form a noun. You were also introduced to noun classes. The prefix will indicate the noun class that the noun belongs to. The prefix is also important because it determines the subject concord in the sentence (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 74-77). Let us look at the following sentence: Umfana udlala ibhola. (The boy plays the ball.) 3.2.1 Examples of sentences Isigaba Isiqalo Isibonelo Semisho (Examples of Sentences) (Class) (Prefix) 1a u- Ugogo unitha ijezi. (Grandmother knits a jersey.) 2a 0- Obaba bathanda inyama. (Fathers love meat.) 1 umu-/um- Umfundisi ushumayela ivangeli (The minister preaches the gospel.) 2 Aba-/abe- Abafundisi bashumayela ivangeli. (The ministers preach the gospel.) 3 Um(u)- Umuzi uthuthile. (The house has moved.) 4 Imi- Imizi ithuthile. (The houses have moved.) 5 Ili-/i- Ilihlo lami libuhlungu. (My eye is painful.) 6 ama- Amehlo ami abuhlungu. (My eyes are painful.) 7 isi- Isicabha sivulekile. (The door is open.) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 44 isiZulu Conversational 102 8 Izi- Izitsha zingcolile. (The dishes are dirty.) 9 iN- Ingane iphuza ubisi. (The child drinks milk.) 10 iziN- Izingane zidlala ikhilikithi. (Children play cricket.) 11 ulu-/u- Uthando lunqoba konke. (Love conquers all.) 14 ubu- Ubuso buvuvukele. (The face is swollen.) 15 Uku- Ukudla kunambitheka kamnandi. (Food tastes good.) The first word in the above sentence umfana is known as the subject of the sentence meaning it is the doer of the action. Udlala is a verb which means it is the action that is done by the subject. The verb carries a concord which will bring about agreement between the subject and the verb itself (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 100). We said previously that the prefix in the noun also bring concordial agreement. Let us look at the previous sentence. Umfana udlala ibhola. The u-in umfana is a prefix that will determine what concord is going to be used with the verb. Let us look at the following table: Please note that when the class noun changes the concord also changes. Knowledge Check Questions (Ake Uzihlole) In the following sentences indicate which is the subject, verb or the object a) Umfana ucula ikwayito. (The boy sings kwaito.) b) Ingane idlala ingqathu. (The child plays skipping rope.) c) Isigebengu sintshontsha imali. (The thief steals the money.) d) Abazali baphuza isobho. (The parents drink the soup.) e) Ikati lithanda inyama. (The cat likes meat.) 45 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 3.3 Tenses (Izinkathi Zesenzo) There are three basic tenses. We have the present (manje), past (edlule) and future (ezayo) tenses. 3.3.1 Present Tense (Inkathi Yamanje) The previous table shows verbs that are in the present tense. In this unit we are going to look at the different tenses. Let us look at the following sentence. UVusi udlala ikhilikithi. (Vusi plays cricket.) Umfana subject Udlala verb Ikhilikithi object “udlala” is a verb that is in the simple present tense. It has two parts i.e. • u- is a concord that brings about agreement between the subject and the verb. Therefore it is known as the subject concord. • dlala is a verb stem. • The verb in the simple present tense can be followed by an object. Here are the examples of sentences in the simple present tense. UMpilo ugibela ihhashi (Mpilo rides a horse.) UThuthuka ufunda incwadi (Thuthuka reads a book.) Indoda ipholisha izicathulo (The man polishes shoes.) USipho uthenga amakinati (Sipho buys peanuts.) Iphoyisa libopha izigebengu (The policeman arrests the thugs. Amakati aphuza ubisi (Cats drink the milk.) Abalimi batshala izitshalo (Farmers grow vegetables.) Umntwana ubuka umabonakude (The child watches television.) Umngane wami usebenza eThekwini (My friend works in Durban.) UThembi uthanda amagilebhisi (Thembi loves grapes.) Umfundisi ushumayela ivangeli (The pastor preaches the gospel.) Umfundisi uyashumayela (The pastor is preaching.) The first sentence is in the simple present tense, the verb (-shumayela) is followed by an object (ivangeli.) The second sentence is in the present continuous tense, there is no object but there is a morpheme –ya-which makes the sentence complete. If the morpheme is not there and the object is also not there we would then have to ask ourselves: Umfundisi ushumayela ini? (what?) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 46 isiZulu Conversational 102 Let us also look at the following sentences: Ubaba udla inyama (My father eats meat.) Ubaba uyadla (My father is eating.) Ubaba uyadla manje. (My father is eating now.) The second sentence does not have the object. The third sentence does not have the object either but it has the adverb of time “manje”. Both the second and the third sentences are in the present continuous tense. Sentences in the present continuous tense: a) Ngiyadlala. (I am playing.) b) Intombazane iyadansa. (The girl is dancing.) c) Udadewethu uyapheka. (My sister is cooking.) d) UVusi uyashayela manje. (Vusi is driving now.) e) UMpilo uyagijima. (Mpilo is running.) f) Ngiyasebenza. (I am working.) g) UZodwa uyakhuluma. (Zodwa is speaking.) h) Umalume uyasebenza. (My uncle is working.) i) Ugogo uyacula. (My grandmother is singing.) j) Umngane wami uyagxuma. (My friend is jumping.) These sentences do not have an object. The verb in these sentences has the morpheme –ya- which makes the sentence’s idea complete without the object. Knowledge Check Questions (Ake Uzihlole) Read aloud the following sentences in the present tense and then write them in the past tense 47 a) Ubaba uthenga izinkomo. (My father buys cows.) b) Izinja zidla inyama. (The dogs eat meat) c) Umfana ufunda incwadi. (The boy reads the book.) d) Amantombazane asika ikhekhe. (The girls cut the cake.) e) Abafundi babhala isivivinyo. (Learners write the test.) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 3.3.2 THE PAST TENSE This tense refers to an action that took place in the past. It is divided into two: action that has just taken place and the action that took place long time ago (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 106). Let us look at the following sentences: Ubaba udla amasi. My father is eating maas. (Present tense) Ubaba udle amasi. My father ate maas. (Past tense, a while ago inkathi esandakudlula) Ubaba uyadla. My father is eating. (Present Continous Tense, Inkathi yamanje eqhubekayo) Ubaba udlile. My father has eaten. (Past Participle Tense) Ubaba wadla amasi. My father ate maas. (Past Tense, long time ago, inkathi eyadlula) The third sentence contains the verb that has been shortened because we say “udle” as opposed to the fourth sentence which is a long form “udlile”. By short we refer to the “–e” in udle and “-ile” in udlile. Even if the verb in the sentence does not have an object it can still have an adverb like in the following sentence: Ubaba udlile (My father has eaten.) To add an adverb of manner the sentence would read thus: Ubaba udle kakhulu (My father has eaten a lot/ too much.) Let us also look at the sentence with the adverb of time. Ubaba udle ekuseni. (My father ate in the morning.) The –ile can also be used to mean the present condition of the subject. These are some of the verbs that carries the condition form. -hlakaniphile UVusi uhlakaniphile. (Vusi is clever) -thukuthele Umngani wami uthukuthele. (My friend is angry.) -khathele Ugogo ukhathele. (Grandmother is tired.) -lambile Umfana ulambile. (The boy is hungry.) -dakiwe Isosha lidakiwe. (The soldier is drunk.) -omile Izingubo zomile. (The clothes are dry.) USindi womile. (Sindi is thirsty.) -lele Ingane ilele. (The child is asleep/ sleeping -vuvukele Ihlo livuvukele. (The eye is swollen.) -nonile Inyama inonile. (The meat is fatty) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 48 isiZulu Conversational 102 3.3.3 Examples VERB STEM Hlakanipha CONDITION FORM “be clever” -hlakaniphile UVusi uhlakaniphile. (Vusi is clever) Umngani wami uthukuthele. (My friend is -thukuthela “be angry” -thukuthele angry.) -khathala “be tired” -khathele Ugogo ukhathele. (Grandmother is tired.) -lamba “be hungry” -lambile Umfana ulambile. (The boy is hungry.) -dakwa “be drunk” -dakiwe Isosha lidakiwe. (The soldier is drunk.) -oma “be dry/be thirsty” -omile Izingubo zomile. (The clothes are dry.) USindi womile. (Sindi is thirsty.) -lala “be asleep” -lele. (The child is asleep/ sleeping -vuvukala “be swollen” -vuvukele Ihlo livuvukele. (The eye is swollen.) -nona “be fatty” -nonile Inyama inonile. (The meat is fatty) In the sentence: Izingubo zomile, the verb stem starts with vowel o-, so if this vowel comes into contact with the concordial agreement zi-, the i from zi- falls away and then we have zomile zi-+-oma+-ile zomile 3.3.4 Here are other sentences in the Past Tense: INKATHI YAMANJE INKATHI EYADLULA Udadewethu udla iNandos. (my sister eats Nandos’s) Udadewethu wadla iNandos. ( My sister ate Nando’s) USindi wagijima imaratoni ( Sindi ran the marathon) USindi ugijima imaratoni ( Sindi runs marathon) Uphindile wavula umnyango ( Phindile opened the UPhindile uvula umnyango (Phindile opens the door) door) Isitimela sithatha abagibeli (the train takes the Isitimela sathatha abagibeli ( the train took commuters commuters) Ikati lidla ushizi wami ( the cat eats my cheese) Ikati ladla ushizi ( The cat ate my cheese) 49 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Please note the change: the concordial agreement in the present tense changes in the past tense with the addition of –a. Let us look at the following sentence: Ngidla ukudla. Ngi+a=Ngadla ukudla. 3.3.5 FUTURE TENSE (INKATHI EZAYO) This tense refers to the action that will take place in the immediate future. It is formed when the –zo-(will) is inserted between the concordial agreement and the verb stem. This tense is known as “Inkathi Ezofika” (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 107). Let us look at the following sentence: Ngidla ubhanana. I eat banana. (Present Tense) Ngizodla ubhanana. I will eat banana. The morpheme –zo- is in between ngi-(I) and the verb stem –dla 3.3.6 Here are the examples of sentences in the future tense: PRESENT TENSE (INKATHI YAMANJE) FUTURE TENSE (INKATHI EZAYO) Ingane idla iphalishi. (The child eats porridge). Ingane izodla iphalishi. (The child will eat porridge.) Isosha lisebenza emngceleni. (The soldier works at the border.) Isosha lizosebenza emngceleni. (The soldier will work Ubaba uthenga igilosa. (My father buys at the border.) groceries.) Ubaba uzothenga igilosa. (My father will buy Iphoyisa libamba isela. (The police catches the groceries.) thief.) Iphoyisa lizobamba isela. (The police will catch the Umkhulu uthenga amaswidi. (My grandfather thief.) buys sweets.) Umkhulu uzothenga amaswidi. (My grandfather will Intombazane iyakhala. (The girl is crying.) buy sweets.) Intombazane izokhala. (The girl will cry.) UThemba usebenza ePitoli (Themba works in Pretoria UThemba uzosebenza ePitoli. (Themba will work in Pretoria Udadewethu ufunda isiJalimane (My sister studies Udadewethu uzofunda isiJalimane( My sister will study German German) Abafundi babhala izivivinyo (learners write tests) Abafundi bazobhala izivivinyo (Learners will write tests) UBusi uvakashela eGoli. (Busi is visiting Gauteng) UBusi uzovakashela eGoli (Busi will visit Gauteng) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 50 isiZulu Conversational 102 The future tense can also be identified by –yo- in the verb stem referring to the action which will happen in the remote future which can be next month, next year etc. It is known as “Inkathi Eyofika” (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 107). Let us look at the following sentences: 3.3.7 Sentences in the future tense INKATHI EZOFIKA INKATHI EYOFIKA UBheki uzohlala ePhayindane. (Bheki will live in UBheki uyohlala ePhayindane. (Bheki will live in Pinetown.) Pinetown.) Uthisha uzofundisa inoveli. (The teacher will Uthisha uyofundisa inoveli. (The teacher will teach the novel.) teach the novel.) Izingane zizodlala umacashelana. (The children Izingane ziyodlala umacashelana. (The children will play hide and seek.) will play hide and seek.) Umsakazi uzofunda izindaba. (The radio Umsakazi uyofunda izindaba. (The radio announcer will read the news.) announcer will read the news.) UZama uzoshada ngesonto elizayo. (Zama will UZama uyoshada ngonyaka ozayo. (Zama will get married next week.) get married next year.) Questions for Reflection Read the following sentences and say which ones are in the immediate future (inkathi ezofika) and remote future (inkathi eyofika) a) Abafundi bayohlolwa ngoNovemba. (Learners will be tested in November.) b) Sizohamba kusasa. (We will go tomorrow) c) Umsakazi uyozifunda izindaba. (The radio announcer will read news.) d) Umshumayeli uzovula incwadi. (The preacher will open the scripture) e) 51 Abalimi bayovuna ngoJulayi. (Farmers will harvest in July.) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Revision Questions 1. Briefly explain how simple sentences are constructed. 2. Give FIVE examples of simple sentences in the present tense. 3. Change the above sentences into immediate future tense and remote future tense. 4. Also, change the above sentences into action that has just taken place (past tense) and action that took place long time ago. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 52 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 4: 53 Questioning, Requests and Commands (Ukubuza, Ukucela Nokunika Imiyalelo) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 4.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 4.2 Questioning (Ukubuza) • Know different types of questioning. • Provide instructions in isiZulu • Respond to questions asked in isiZulu. • Summarise topic areas covered in unit 4.3 Making Requests and Giving Command (Ukucela Nokunika Imiyalelo) 4.4 Commands 4.5 Summary Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 54 isiZulu Conversational 102 4.1 Introduction This unit will focus on THREE aspects which are very important when one is engaged in a conversation. We all ask questions, we all have something that we request from someone and we all somehow give commands or follow commands. Usually a person who is learning a new language starts by asking easy questions and gradually moves to the more complex ones. When a question is asked, a voice is raised and when written there is always a question mark (?) e.g. UZama ulele. (Statement) UZama ulele na? (Question) 4.2 Questioning (Ukubuza) Questioning is fundamental to successful communication. It is the key to get more information. In any conversation there are some questions asked by both the listener and the speaker. Therefore, we all ask questions on daily basis. People who are learning isiZulu are always eager to get quick response as they wish to know if the question communicated made meaning to the listener (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 129-131). Questions are asked for different reasons and their responses vary according to the purpose. There are different types of questions and below a few will be included: i. Clear questions - (imibuzo esobala) these are easy and unambiguous. ii. Closed questions - (imibuzo evalekile) they seek short answers. iii. Open questions - (imibuzo evulelekile) these are long and detailed. iv. Probing questions - (imibuzo ebuzisisayo) they are digging for more details. v. Tag questions - (imibuzo efuna kuvunyelwane) they encourage agreement. vi. Interrogative questions - (imibuzo yokuphenyisisa) they are for cross examination. vii. Double bind questions - (imibuzo evumela noma iyiphi impendulo) in these ones whichever way you answer, you are correct. Rhetorical questions - (imibuzo engenazo izimpendulo) these questions have no answer (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 129-131). Questions that are usually asked are WHAT, WHERE, WHEN as in other languages. If the question WHAT is asked in isiZulu -in is used at the end of the verb. It works as a suffix. 55 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 The difference in the VERB is in the concordial agreement on singular or plural. Table 4.1-EXAMPLE (Isibonelo) - ni? (What) VERB TRANSLATION SINGULAR PLURAL QUESTION Idla TRANSLATION QUESTION Udlani? What is he eating? Babhalani? What are they eating? Ufundani? What is he/ she Bafundani? What are they studying Eat Funda Read/study Bhala studying/ reading Ubhalani? What is he/ she Badlani What are they eating writing The answers would be: Izimpendulo zingaba kanje: a. Udla isinkwa. (She / He eats bread. They eat bread) b. Ufunda incwadi / Ufunda izifundo zomthetho. (She reads a book/ she studies a Law degree. They read a book / they study a law or a degree. c. Ubhala indaba (She writes a story) -phi? As in asking WHERE? The –phi is added immediately after the verb. EXAMPLE (isibonelo) VERB SINGULAR TRANSLATION PLURAL QUESTION TRANSLATION QUESTION Uthenga (he buys) Uthengaphi? Where does he buy? Bathengaphi? Where do they buy? Uhamba (she goes) Uhambaphi? Where does he go? Bahambaphi? Where do they go? Ubhukuda ( he swims) Ubhukudaphi? Where does he Babhukudaphi? swim? Upheka (she cooks) Uphekaphi? Where Where do they swim? does she Baphekaphi? Where do they cook? cook? MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 56 isiZulu Conversational 102 The answers would be: 1 Izimpendulo zingaba kanje: Uthenga eThekwini. (He buys in Durban. They buy in Durban.) 2. Uhamba emgwaqeni. (He walks on the road. They walk on the road.) 3. Ubhukuda olwandle. (She swims in the sea. They swim in the sea.) Nini? (When?) There is a difference with this question because in isiZulu nini comes after the verb. EXAMPLE (Isibonelo) VERB SINGULAR QUESTION PLURAL QUESTION TRANSLATION 1. Lala (sleep) Umfana ulala nini? / When does the Abafana balala nini? When do the ulala nini? boy sleep? 2. Hlala (sit) TRANSLATION boy sleep? Ubaba uhlala nini? / When does father Obaba bahlala nini? When uhlala nini? fathers sit/ sit? Ugogo usukuma nini? / When does she Ogogo 3.Sukuma (stand ) usukuma nini? stand? basukuma When nini? do do granny stand? The use of na? Immediately after the verb at the end of the sentence. This is the most commonly used type of question in isiZulu. Here are some sentences which are statements in the present tense. a. Intombazane iyaphuza. (The girl drinks.) Intombazane iyaphuza na? (Does the girl drinks?) b. Inja iyakhonkotha. (The dog barks) Inja iyakhonkotha na? (Does the dog bark?) c .Izingane zithule. (The babies are quiet.) Izingane ziyakhala na? (Are the babies quiet?) Activity Zenzele imibuzo. Sebenzisa lezi zenzo. Funda umbuzo kuzwakale (Make your own questions. Use the following verbs.) a. Funa b. Siza c. Dayisa d. Pheka e. Letha 57 (-ni ?) (-phi ?) (-phi ?) (- nini ?) (-nini ?) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 4.3 Making Requests and Giving Command (Ukucela Nokunika Imiyalelo) When you ask someone to do something for you, or ask if you can do something, it is important to sound polite. The answer from the person you are talking to may say yes or can decline your request. When someone says yes in isiZulu usually “Yebo” (yes) is used but there are so many variations like “Kulungile” (it’s fine, its ok), “Kunjalo” (it’s true, or it’s always like that.) The word please is “ngicela” in isiZulu it means to make a request. This request can be used in the singular form as well as in plural form. Some requests can be in a statement form or in a question form. After any approval of request, it is always proper to hear the person whose request was approved saying “Ngiyabonga” (Thank you). It is good habit to say thank you. It shows you appreciate the response given to you. Table 4.2 EXAMPLE: ISIBONELO A. Singular : Ngicela isikhathi Plural : Sicela isikhathi (Can you please tell me what time is it?) (Can you please tell us what time is it?) B. Singular: Ngicela ukugqoka isigqoko (Can I please wear the hat?) Plural : Sicela ukugqoka isigqoko (Can we please wear the hat?) C. Singular: Ngicela ukusebenzisa isambulela (Can I please use the umbrella?) Plural : Sicela ukusebenzisa isambulela (Can we please use the umbrella?) D. Singular: Ngingasibona isimo sezulu? (Can I please watch the weather forecast?) Plural : Singasibona isimo sezulu? (Can we please watch the weather forecast?) E. Singular: Ngingadlala ngeqhwa? (Can I please play with . snow?) Plural : Singadlala ngeqhwa? (Can we please play with snow) The example of a request in the example where there is questioning, -Nga- which is instrumental (isakhi sendlela yamandla.) The way the speaker says it is like she/ she is disturbing someone who is doing something on that particular time of request or she knows it would be impossible to be allowed to do whatever she is requesting MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 58 isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity Answer the following questions from the above activity a. Who are greeting each other? b. What is the request Bayanda asks from Anele? c. Did he use the instrumental-nga-in his request? d. How did Bayanda respond e. Why did Anele say “ngiyabonga” 4.4 Commands To give a command is to direct with authority, to give orders. To give someone an order is to tell someone to do something in a forceful way and most often official way. This way of telling someone to do something in this fashion is a called imperative (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 97-99). Usually in a home context we find that adults use commands more often when addressing children. The verb stem that is used to command is always followed by an exclamation mark. The voice is so raised in such a way that the listener has no other option but to follow the instruction as given (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 97-99). The positive commands are very easy as compared to the negative ones. You will see a difference as you talk the language more often. Here are some examples when talking to one person: (Nazi izibonelo uma ukhuluma nomuntu oyedwa.) a. Buka! Look! b. Hlala! Sit! c. Come in! Ngena! d. Hamba! Go! e. Bingelela! Greet! Examples when one addresses more than one person. The suffix - ni is used in the same verb stem. Bukani! Hlalani! Ngenani Hambani! Bingelelani! 59 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 The Negative commands use the word “Musa!” (Don’t) and the verb stem get a prefix uku –. The example below is for addressing one person. Table 4.3 EXAMPLE (ISIBONELO) a. Musa uku- + buka = Musa ukubuka! (Don’t look! ) b. Musa uku- + hlala = Musa ukuhlala! (Don’t sit!) c. Musa uku- + ngena = Musa ukungena! (Don’t enter!) d. Musa uku- + hamba = Musa ukuhamba! (Don’t go!) e. Musa uku- + bingelela = Musa ukubingelela! (Don’t greet!) If a speaker addresses many people, suffix –ni is used with Musa Musani ukubuka! Musani ukuhlala! Musani ukungena! Musani ukuhamba! Musani ukubingelela! Here are some examples of commands that can be used officially at work. The verb used at the beginning of the sentence is imperative. EXAMPLE OF SINGULAR POSITIVE COMMAND (ISIBONELO SOMYALELO OVUMAYO UBUNYE) a. Fika ngesikhathi emsebenzini. (Arrive on time at work.) b. Bika uma ungezi emsebenzini. (Report when you will be absent from work.) c. Shayela umphathi wakho ucingo kusenesikhathi. (Phone your supervisor on time.) d. Goduka ngesikhathi esifanele. (Leave your work station at the correct time.) e. Hlonipha abanye ozakwenu. (Respect your colleagues.) EXAMPLE OF SINGULAR NEGATIVE COMMAND (ISIBONELO) a. Musa ukufika sekudlule isikhathi emsebenzini. (Don’t arrive late at work.) b. Musa ukungabiki uma ungezi emsebenzini. (Don’t keep quiet when you are not coming to work.) c. Musa ukungashayeli umphathi wakho ucingo ngesikhathi. (Don’t delay to call your supervisor.) d. Musa ukugoduka ngesikhathi esingafanele. (Don’t leave work before the expected time.) e. Musa ukungahloniphi ozakwenu. (Don’t disobey your colleagues.) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 60 isiZulu Conversational 102 Some commands can be started with a request in contexts where one has not been responding to the command purposely or he did not hear the command (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 97-99). The verb in singular has a concordial agreement u-and in plural has a concordial agreement ni- EXAMPLE (ISIBONELO) Singular Plural a. Ngicela uvale umnyango. Ngicela nivale umnyango (Can you please close the door.) b. Ngicela udle. Ngicela nidle. (Can you please eat.) c. Ngicela uhambe. Ngicela nihambe. (Can you please go ) Questions for Reflection 1. Give atleast THREE types of questions. 2. Explain the way in which questions are formulated in isiZulu. 3. Give a word that is used in isiZulu when making a request, and a word to say thank you if your request is approved. 4. Change the following commands into request: Ngena endlini! Washa izitsha! Gqoka ijezi! Buza umbuzo! 61 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Knowledge Check Questions (AKE UZIHLOLE) 1. Pick up 5 IsiZulu verbs that are not in this unit and: a. Use the as commands in singular form b. Use them as commands in plural form c. Show how they can use “Musa” negative form. 2. Practice the commands that can be given at work as they are in this unit. Have someone listening how you pronounce the word. 3. Use the verbs with the combination of the request in plural form. Practice them. Check their meaning in the vocabulary list so that the commands will make meaning. i. ii. iii. iv. v. Sala Hleka Geza Funda Bhala 4. Write a short isiZulu conversation of 10-12 lines between two friends. The following should be included: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Greetings Questions Responses Request Commands Practice the dialogue with someone who is a isiZulu speaker. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 62 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 5: 63 Commonly Used IsiZulu Words According to Themes (Amagama Ajwayele Ukusetshenziswa Ngokwezindikimba) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 5.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 5.2 Commonly Used isiZulu Words • Know a variety of isiZulu words that are commonly used 5.3 Shapes • Use different words in conversations. 5.4 Commonly Used Code Switching • Code switch in conversations • Construct simple sentences using the word that are According to Themes (Amagama Ajwayele Ukusetshenziswa Ngokwezindikimba) Sentences (Imisho Esentshenziswa Ixutshwe NesiNgisi) provided. Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 64 isiZulu Conversational 102 5.1 Introduction It becomes easier to learn a language if a person has little vocabulary. In this unit the word bank is provided to enrich the students with vocabulary that can be used in different situations of the conversation. These words are grouped according to themes. This will be of great advantage to the students as they will quickly know how to construct a sentence, how to question, make requests or making demands in IsiZulu. The student is also encouraged to make his /her own word bank. This will help the student in learning the language even faster. Code switching is also very common among students. 5.2 Commonly Used isiZulu Words According to Themes (Amagama Ajwayele Ukusetshenziswa Ngokwezindikimba) Umzimba wami ( PARTS OF THE BODY) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 30) Umfana - boy Ngimnyama Intombazane - gal Mude Ngimkhulu - fat Ngingumlungu - I am White Ngimuhle - I am beautiful - He is tall Ngiyindiya - I am Indian Ngimubi - I am ugly Mufishane - He is short Ngiyikhaladi - I am Coloured Ngimfishane - I am short Ubuso - face Ngimude - I am tall Ikhanda - head Izindlebe - ears Amabele - breast Amahlombe - shoulders Iminwe - fingers Inkaba - navel Isifuba - chest Imilenze - legs Amathanga - thighs Ukhalo - waist Izinzwane – toes Izinqe - buttocks Amadolo - knees Izinzipho - nails Amehlo - eyes Izinyawo - feet Izindebe - lips Ikhala - noise Amaqakala - ankles Ihlo/ iso –eye Umlomo - mouth Umqala - neck Amazinyo -teeth Izinwele - hair Isisu - stomach Ihlombe - shoulder Isandla - hand Uzipho - nail Ingalo - arm Idolo - knee Indololwane - elbow Isihlathi - cheek Isihlakala - wrist Isilevu -chin 65 - I am an African MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.1 ABANTU ABAWUSIZO (HELPFUL PEOPLE) Usokhemisi - chemist Unesi - nurse Inyanga - herbalist Umthandazi - prayer man Udokotela - doctor Ijaji - judge Imantshi - magistrate Umfundisi - minister Umsakazi - radio/TV presenter Iphoyisa - police Uthisha - teacher Induna -supervisor Ikhansela - councellor Inkosi - king Umthengisi - seller Umninisitolo - shop owner Umlimi - farmer Ujele - prison warden Umpheki - cook Umshayeli - driver Umhloli - inspector Usonhlalakahle - social worker Umhlengikazi -nurse Imeya - mayor Umcishimlilo - fire fighter Ummeli - lawyer Umpheki -cook/ caterer Umakhelwane - neighbour Ushefu - Chef Unongqayi - policeman Unoposi – postman 5.2.2 (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 37-39) UKUBALA (COUNTING) IZILWANE IZILWANE ZASENDLE IZILWANE ZASEKHAYA( PETS) ( WILD ANIMALS) ZASEMANZINI (WATER ANIMALS) Kunye - one Ikati - cat Indlovu Kubili - two Inja - dog Indlulamithi - giraffe Ixoxo Kuthathu - three Imbuzi - goat Ingwe - leopard Uxamu Kune - four Inkomo -cow Ubhejane - rhino monitor Kuhlanu - five Inkukhu - chicken Intulo - gecko Imvubu Isithupha - six Ingulube - pig Unwabu -chameleon hippopotamas Isikhombisa - eight Ihhashi - house Inyoni - bird Inyoka Isishiyagalolunye- nine Imbongolo - donkey Intshe - ostrich Ingwenya - crocodile Ishumi Idada - duck Ibhubesi - lion Ushaka Isiklabhu - sheep Inyoka - snake Inkawu - monkey - ten - elephant MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching Inhlanzi -fish - frog -iguana/ - snake - shark 66 isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.3 ABANGANI (FRIENDS) Umfana - boy Ukuhleka - laughter Ukudla - food Intombazane - girl Ukuganga - playful Ukudoba - fishing Igama - name Ukungezwa - being naughty Ukubhukuda - swim Ukudlala - play Umabonakude - television Ezitolo - at the shop Ibhola - ball Ukuzwana - friendship Izincwadi - books Muhle - beautful Siyavikelana - we protect each Ukudweba - drawing Mubi - ugly other Mude - tall Ukuvakasha - visiting Isithombe - photo/ picture Ibhayisikobho -movie Mfushane - he is long Ibhayisikili - bicycle Ngiyamthanda – I love her/ him Amaholidi - holidays Ukuceba Ukugqoka - dress up Dweba - rich - draw Siyavumelana - we agree Ukuthenga - shopping Ukuphikisana - disagreement Ukuzula - to roam about Enkundleni - in the sport field Ukulamula - to mediate Ukuxabana - quarell Ukuxolelana - to make peace 5.2.4 EZEMIDLALO (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 41) Jikijela - throw Amapali - poles Ibhola lezinyawo - soccer Baleka - run Inethi - net Ibhola lezandla - basketball Gxuma - jump Intambo -rope Ibhola lombhoxo - rugby Bamba - hold Induku -stick Iibhola lomnqakiswano - netball Khahlela - kick Irakhethi - racket Ihokhi - hockey Nqaka - catch Ibhethi - bat Ithenisi - tennis Vocavoca - exercise Izingubo - clothes Ingqathu -skipping rope Nyakazisa umzimba –move the Unompempe - refree Ikhilikithi - cricket body 67 Unozinti - goal keeper Umqeqeshi - coach MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.5 UKUDLA (FOODS) IZITSHALO (VEGETABLES) IZITHELO (FRUITS) OKUNYE (OTHER) Iklabishi - cabbage Iganandoda - pear Amaqanda - eggs Isipinashi - spinach Amagilebhisi - grapes Uswidi - sweet Amazambane - potatoes Upopo - paw paw Ibhotela - butter Utamatisi - tomatoes Uphayinaphu - pineapple Ujamu - jam U-anyanisi - onions Ubhilinkosi - apricot Isobho - soup Ithanga - pumpkin Amaplamu - plums Ijusi - juice Izaqathi - carrot Ugwava - guava Amagwinya - fat cookies Ubhatata -sweet potatoes I-aphula - apple Amashibusi - chips Ubrinjilo - brinjol Ubhanana - banana Ivosi - wors Uphizi - peas Iwolintshi - orange Inyama - meat Ubhontshisi - beans Ipentshisi - peaches Uju - honey Upelepele - chilies Umango - mango Isinkwa - bread Ibhece - gourd Ikhabe - watermelon Ubisi - milk Ikholifulawa -caul flower Amanantshi - naartjies Ushizi - cheese Ukotapeya - avocado Ikiwi - kiwi fruit Amasi - maas Ibrokholi - broccoli Iganandela - granadilla Upholoni - polony Ukhukhamba - cucumber Umkhiwane - fig fruit Amakhekhe - cakes Ulethisi - lettuce Amajikijolo - bramble Irayisi - rice Utamatisi -tomatoes Amalentshisi - litches Isitambu - samp Amastrobheri - strawberry 5.2.6 ISIMO SEZULU ( WEATHER) Libalele - it’s sunny Liyakhiza - it’s drizzling Iqhwa - snow Liyana - it’s raining Ilanga Umbani - lightning Linomoya - it’s windy Kumakhaza- it’s cold Uthingo lwenkosazane- rainbow Linamafu - it’s cloudy Likhithikile - it’s snowy Ubhulankethi - blanket Isomiso - drought Kuyashisa -it’s hot Ijazii lemvula - raincoat Imvula -rain Isichotho - storm Isambulela - umbrella Uzamcolo - floods Isiphepho - strong wind Ukuduma - thunderstorm Licwathile - cool - sun Isibhakabhaka - sky MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 68 isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.7 IZINSUKU ZESONTO/ IZINYANGA KANYE NEZIKHATHI ZONYAKA ( DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS AND SEASONS) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 65-69) IZIKHATHI ZONYAKA IZINSUKU ZESONTO IZINYANGA ZONYAKA uMsombuluko - Monday uMasingana - January Ihlobo - summer uLwesibili - Tuesday uNhlolanja - February Ubusika - Winter uLwesithathu - Wednesday uNdasa - March Inkwindla -autumn uLwesine - thursday uMbasa - April uLwesihlanu - Friday uNhlaba - May uMgqibelo - sartuday uNhlangulana - June iSonto - sunday uNtulikazi - July uMandulo - September uMfumfu - October uLwezi - November uZibandlela - December Intwasahlobo - spring 5.2.8 ISIKOLE (SCHOOL) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 34) Bingelela - greet Abafundi - learners Izindlu zangasese - toilets Sukuma - stand Othisha - teachers Irula - ruler Hlala phansi - stand up Izihlalo - chairs Umfaniswano - uniform Yima umugqa - stand in the line Izincwadi - books Izicathulo - shoes Umsindo - noise Amatafula - tables Amasokisi - socks Valelisa - say goodbye Khuluma - talk Ihembe - shirt Hlonipha - respect Ishadi - shart Amagumbi okufundela Funda - read Khomba - point classrooms Bhala - write Cula - sing Ikhabethe - cupboard Dweba - draw Isango - gate Isikhathi - time Amakrayoni - crayons Abasebenzi - workers Ihhovisi - office Ipensela - pencil Shanela - sweep Amanzi - water Isivivinyo - examination Inhlanzeko - cleanliness - Igumbi lokuhlala othisha – staff room 69 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.9 EZOMNOTHO KANYE NEHHOVISI ( ECONOMY AND OFFICE) (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 49-51) i-akhawunti - account Ikhompuyutha -computer isitatimende - statement Isikhahlamezi - fax kweleta - owe Iprinta - printer ibhalansi - balance Kopisha - copy okusendalini - on sale Gaya amaphepha - photocopy umthengi - customer Ucingo - telephone inani - price i-inthanethi - internet isheke - check ideski - desk ivawusha - voucher imibuzo - questions ipholisi - policy ukunakekela amakhasitoma - customer care umshwalense - insurance irisidi idiphozi - deposit imali esalele emuva - arreas - receipt 5.2.10 UKUTHENGA/ SHOPPING (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 49-51) EZIKAGESI/ TECHNICAL TERMS ISITOLO SEMPAHLA ISITOLO SEMPAHLA Iplaki - plug YASENDLINI / FURNITURE YOKWAKHA/ Iglobhu - globe Umbhede - bed MATERIAL Uwaya - wire Isiqandisi - refrigerator Usimende - cement Umshini - machine Isitofu - stove Uthayela - corrugated iron Imitha - meter Umabonakude - television Ibhala - wheel barrow Isigxobo - pole Itafula - table Ihhala - rake Ifiyuzi - fuse Osofa - sofas Isando - hammer Ithelefoni - telephone Uwodulophu - wadrope Ucelemba - panger Ihitha - heater Ikhisti - kist Ilada - step ladder Khanyisa - switch on Umsakazo - radio Amapulangwe – planks Cisha - switch off Iketela - kettle Upende Ifeni - fan Isibuko - mirror Isibonakude - telescope MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching BUILDING - paint 70 isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.11 EKHAYA/ HOME (Mkhombo; Zondo & Malindi 2018, pp 58-65) Umama - mother Intombi - virgin Ingidi - padlock Ubaba - father Insizwa - young man Ukhiye - key Ukudla - food Senga - milk the cow Ifasitela - window Isibaya - kraal Ugogo - grandmother Uzalo - offspring Udadewethu - my sister Izinkuni - wood Umfowethu - my brother Umshado - marriage Ukhokho - great grand mother Inkosazana - miss Umzala - cousin Umzukulu Abazali - parents Impilo - life - grand child 5.2.12 INTANDO YENINGI UKUPHEPHA EMGWAQENI (DEMOCRACY) EZEMFUNDO (ACADEMIC) ROAD SAFETY Uphethiloli - petrol Khululeka - be free Idiploma -diploma Umgwaqo - road Vota - vote Idigri - degree Umoya - tyre pressure Ubuntu - humanity Imojuli - module Amafutha - oil Khetha - choose i-asayimenti - assignment Amathayi - tyres Umholi - leader amamaki - marks Amarobhothi - robots Ikomiti - committee inyuvesi - university Ithikithi - ticket Ungqongqoshe - minister ikolishi - college Isipidi - speed Umongameli - president ilekhishara - lecturer Isitubhi - pavement Ukucwasa - discriminate umtapo wolwazi – library Ilayisensi - licence Ukwamukela - accept igumbi Umgodi - pit Ipolitiki - politics computer room Jika - turn Uhulumeni - Government thola Ibhonethi - bonnet Iphalamende - Parliament graduation Beka icala - prosecute Izwe - country umkhosi wokwethwesa iziqu- Isijeziso - penalty Abameli - attorneys graduation ceremony Abagibeli - passangers Uphenyo - investigation Ungqongqoshe Uvalo/ saba - panic Umthetho - law yamabanga aphansi- minister of Amalambu - lights Amajaji - judges basic education Qaphela - becareful Inkantolo - court 71 lamakhompuyuthaiziqu zemfundo – wezemfundo MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Incwadi yemvume – permit Ukungathembeki - dishonest Ungqongqoshe Into yokupholisa imoto- radiator Izingxoxo - discussions ephakeme - minister of higher Umshayeli ovumelekile- authorized Isinqumo - decision education driver - corruption Isikhungo semfundo ephakeme- Abahamba ngezinyawo – pedestrian Ummangali - plaintiff higher learning institution Ukuwela umgwaqo – crossing the Umphakathi - public road Ubuphofu - poverty Phatha izwe - reign Khulula - liberate Khohlakala Ingozi - accident Umtheli kapethiloli – petrol attended wezemfundo Ikhamera yokugada isivinini – speed Ukubalwa kwabantu - census camera Inani labantu ezweni - population Isitobhi - bus stop Umthetho sisekelo -constitution Ujeke -jerk Ukukhuluma ngokukhululeka Isithuthuthu - motor bike Amalungelo abanye- other peoples’ Inamba yocingo lwamaphoyisa- rights polices telephone number Amalungelo abantu – human rights Bopha Usuku - arrest lokugubha amalungelo- Ncenga-plead human rights day Phuza-drink Ukuhloniphana -respect each other fumbathisa- give Ihhovisi lenhlangano yezepolitikiPolitical part offices Iqembu lezombusazwe- political organisation MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 72 isiZulu Conversational 102 5.2.13 IMIBALA, IZIFO KANYE NEZOKUMBIWA PHANSI (COLORS, DISEASES AND MINERALS) Imibala Izifo Ezokumbiwa phansi Ophuzi - yellow Isifo sofuba - tuberculosis Igolide - gold Obomvu - red Ingculazi - AIDS Idayimane - diamond Omnyama - black Isandulela ngculazi - HIV Isiliva - silver Oluhlaza - green Umkhuhlane Amafutha - oil Obubende - red Isifo samathambo - osteoporosis Onevi -navy Isifo sokuzinciphisa – bulima Ophinki - pink Isifo sohudo - diarrhea Ompunga - grey Isichenene - bilharzia Omhlophe - white Isifo senhliziyo - heart attack Utwayi - scab uphawu translation Osasibhakabhaka - blue - flue Thingo lenkosazane - violet Common signs and shapes Igama lophawu Ungqi . Full stop Ikhoma , Comma Ukhefane ngqi ; Semicolon Ikhongco - Dash Ikholoni : Colon Umbuzi ? Question mark Umbabazi ! Exclamation point Abacaphuni “” Quotation mark i-aphostrofi ‘ Apostrophe Abakaki () Round brackets Unoma 73 / Slash MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 IZIMPAWU ZOKUBALA (CALCULATION SIGNS) Uphawu lokususa - subtraction sign Uphawu lokuhlanganisa + addition sign Uphawu lokuhlukanisa ÷ division sign Uphawu lokuphindaphinda × multiplication sign Iphesenti % percentage i-ikhwali sayini = equal sign Abakaki 5.3 [] square brackets Shapes 1. Isikwele square 2. Indilinga Circle 3. Unxantathu triangle 4. Unxande Rectangle MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 74 isiZulu Conversational 102 EZINYE IZIMPAWU EZIVAMILE EMPHAKATHIN (OTHER COMMON SIGNS IN OUR COMMUNITY) 1 Umgwaqo onguthela wayeka 1. Indlu yangasese 2. Isibhedlela 3. toilets hospital Igaraji 4. Akuvumelekile 75 Freeway garage prohibited MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 5.4 Commonly Used Code Switching Sentences (Imisho Esentshenziswa Ixutshwe NesiNgisi) In everyday conversation people these days do not talk pure isiZulu sentences. They have a tendency to use some English words in their conversation. This is very normal and there is nothing wrong with that. English has influenced isiZulu language in such a way that if people are not encouraged to use it regularly it will be a lost language. There are some isiZulu words that can be used and some mostly used are borrowed words from Afrikaans as well as English. Code switching has an advantage which one of them is to make the listener who is probably not an isiZulu Home speaker to understand quickly what message is being conveyed. Generally, code switching has become normal in isiZulu conversations more especially with urban people. Here are some few examples that people use: Nazi izibonelo abantu abazisebenzisayo 1. Ngisafuna i-cell phone (I’m looking for a cellphone) 2. Ngicela u-petroli. (Can I please have petrol?) 3. Baye e-computer lan. (Tthey have gone to the computer lan) 4. Angina i-email address. (I don’t have an email address) 5. Iyahlupha i-laptop yami. (My laptop has a problem) 6. Ngiyiphasile i- assignment. (I passed my assignment) 7. Isivaliwe i-library. (the library is closed) 8. Ivulwa nge-semester ezayo leyo course. (that course will start next semester) 9. U-judge Nzimande uthathe isinqumo (Judge Nzimande took a decision) 10. Bengibheka i-credit bureau. (I was checking my credit bureau) 11. Ngizogqoka i-track suit. (I’m going to wear a track suit) 12. Kuyabanda, thatha u-blanket. (It is cold, take the blanket) 13. Angisenayo i-tooth brush. (I don’t have a toothbrush anymore) 14. Letha i-glass. (Bring the glass) 15. Siyahamba siyobuka i-movie. (We are going to watch the movie) 16. Anginayo i-deposit. (I don’t have a deposit) 17. I-globe ayikhanyi. (The globe is not on.) 18. Ngidla ama-Kellogs. (I’m eating Kellogs) 19. Asihambe siyobuka i-game. (Let’s go and watch the game) 20. Ngiyathanda ukuthenga e-mall. (I love to do my shopping at mall) 21. Uthenga i-drink. (She buys cold drink) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 76 isiZulu Conversational 102 Table 5.1.16 ABBREVIATIONS IZIFINYEZO ABBREVIATIONS 1. UDkt. (udokotela) Dr 2. UMnu. (umnumzane) Mr 3. UNksz. (unkosazane) Miss 4. UNkk (unkosikazi) Mrs 5. Isib. (isibonelo) E.g 6. Njll (njalonjalo) Etc 7. Slz. (uSolwazi) Prof. Knowledge Check Questions 1. Use the theme “Environment” get TEN words and give their meanings in isiZulu 2. Read aloud any FIVE interesting sentences to you from the list on top where people use code switching in their sentences. 3. Think of any other FIVE sentences where you use code switching. Write them down and read them to a friend who can help you with correct pronunciations 77 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Questions for Reflection 1. Give atleast SIX body parts in isiZulu. 2. Give isiZulu words to the following: Ugly Tall Television Draw Food Books Laughter Swim Disagreement 3. Translate the following weather condition into isiZulu: It is sunny Thunderstorm Strong wind It is cold It is cloudy MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 78 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 6: 79 Izingcezu Zenkulumo (Parts of speech) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 6.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 6.2 Usobizo (Noun and Pronoun) • Analyse the structure of the sentence i.e. subject, verb and object 6.3 Isichasiso (Adjective) 6.4 Isenzo (Verb) 6.5 Verb Mood 6.6 Adverb 6.7 Conjunction ( Isihlanganiso) • 6.8 Interjection Construct a simple sentence in IsiZulu Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 80 isiZulu Conversational 102 6.1 Introduction isiZulu language similarly to any other spoken language in South Africa has the figures of speech. In isiZulu language there are SIX figures of speech, namely usobizo (noun and pronoun), isichasiso (adjective), isilandiso (verb and copulative), isikhanyiso (adverb and idiophone), isihlanganiso (conjunctive) and isibabazo (interjective) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). 6.2 Usobizo (Noun and Pronoun) In unit 1 we learnt about nouns. Nouns are part of speech together with pronouns. In an IsiZulu sentence if you don’t want to use a noun you just use a pronoun (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132. Below are examples of sentences where a noun has been removed and replaced by the pronoun. i.e. UThoko ushayela imoto emhlophe. Thoko is driving a white car. Yena ushayela imoto emhlophe. She is driving a white car. N.B. when we are referring to a women we use the pronoun Yena In the above sentence instead of the name Thoko we have now used Yena. i.e UMandla umdlali webhola onekhono elimangazayo. Mandla is an amazing soccer player. Yena ungumdlali onethalente elimangazayo. He is an amazing soccer player. N.B. when we are reffering to a men we still use the pronoun Yena. Instead of the noun Mandla we have now used he. Now let us look at the pronouns used when referring to many people; Mandla and Dudu are attending a soccer match at Moses Mabhida. They are attending a soccer match at Moses Mabhida. Bona baya kobuka ibhola eMoses Mabhida. Izingane ziya esikoleni. The children are going to school. Zona ziya eskoleni. All these above pronouns are personal nouns (Isabizwana Soqobo). 81 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity 1 Change the bolded nouns into pronouns (isabizwana) 1. Ubaba uthenga amaswidi ezingane. 2. Ingane ihlala eMlazi. 3. Abafundi badlala ibhola. 4. Izingane zifunda IsiZulu. 5. Ikhanda lami libuhlungu 6. Mina nobaba siyazwana kakhulu 7. UMandla udlala nezingane. 8. Izintombi zifuna umendo. 9. Isihlalo siphukile. 10. Usibali ufihla imali. 6.3 Isichasiso (Adjective) In isiZulu sentence all the words that are used are parts of speech. As we have learnt about the noun, the word that will tell us more about the noun in the sentence is known as an adjective. There are FOUR types of adjectives namely: isiphawulo (adjective), Isibaluli (relative), ongumnini (possessive) and inani (quantitative) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132. Let us look at a sentence where isichasiso (an adjective) has been used. i.e. Ngibone intombi enhle I saw a beautiful girl. In the above sentence enhle is an adjective because it describes the noun intombi. Abafana abaningi bathanda ibhola Many boys like soccer Abaningi in the above sentence is an adjective. Below are more examples of sentences with isichasiso (adjective) UThoko ugqoke ijezi elibomvu. Thoko is wearing a red jersey. Ngithanda indlu enkulu. I like a big house. Ngilalele iculo elimnandi. I’m listening to a nice song. Buyisa isigqoko sikagogo. Bring back grannies hat. Ngihambe ibanga elide. I travelled a long distance. Umfana omude uyagijima. A tall guy is running. Ingane encane ikhalela ubisi. A little girl is crying for the milk. Indoda emnyama ilusa izinkomo. A black men is looking after the cows. Izingane ezinhle ziyamodela. The beautiful kids are modelling. Umuntu omkhulu uyadansa. A big men is dancing. Umama umthengele isikibha esiphuzi mother bought her a yellow t-shirt. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 82 isiZulu Conversational 102 Some words that are adjective starts with a-; e-; o- and end with –yo). Below are examples of such words used in a sentence. Ngomele isiphuzo esibandayo I’m craving for a cold soft drink. Ngifuna indandatho ethandekayo I want an adorable ring. Ngifuna insimbi ecwebezelayo I want a shiny iron. Ubaba uthenge igilobhu ekhanyayo Dad brought a bright globe Omama abazithandayo bagqoka kahle Mothers who love themselves dress smart Abantu abakhohlakeleyo bagcwele emajele People who are corrupted are in jail. Umuntu okhulekayo uyadingeka A praying men is needed. Angimufuni umuntu obhuqanayo I don’t like a sarcastic men Umfana omfunayo usehambile. A boy you are looking for is gone. Umtwana oculayo uyathandeka A singing child is adorable Ka+ can also be used with a noun to show that a particular thing belongs to someone. Note that the prefix has been removed in the noun below so that the word formed can be an adjective (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). Below are examples. Ka+ Adjective Sentence Ka+ gogo > kagogo Ungane kagogo le. Ka+ mkhulu > kamkhulu Umzukulu kamkhulu lowo. Ka+ malumekazi > kamalumekazi Ingane kamalumekazi. Ka+baba > kamalume Umfana kamalume lo? Ka+malume > kamama Intombi kamama bakithi. Ka+ babekazi > kababekazi 83 Umshana kababekazi ufikile. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity Faka isichasiso esifanele kule misho elandelayo 1. Ingane e_________ ilahlekile 2. Umfano o________ uyakhala 3. Ngibone uThoko egqoke ingubo e________ 4. Inkomishi ka______iphukile 5. Imoto e_________igijima kakhulu. 6. Abantu a______baya esontweni. 7. Isikole esi______siphasa ngamalengiso. 8. Indoda e______iyasabeka. 9. Ugqoke ihembe eli______ qwa. 10. Ucingo o_______yo olukamalume. 6.4 Isenzo (Verb) A verb is a doing word or is that grammatical category that signify action. It informs us about what a subject is doing. A verb demonstrates act or a state of being. It is important to note that there can never be a comprehensive sentence without a verb (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). Here are the examples of verbs: Hamba- Go Hlala- Sit Pheka- Cook Bhala- Write Gijima- Run Lala- Sleep Funda- Read Bhaka-Bake Cula- Sing Khala- Cry Now let us look at how the verb is used in a sentence: Umfana uhamba ebusuku. The boy goes at night Ingane ihlala odakeni. The kid sits in the mud. Umama upheka ukudla. Mum is cooking the meal. UThoko ubhala isivivinyo. Thoko is writing exams. Ikati ligijima kakhulu. The cat run fast. Ugogo ulala emini. Granny sleep during the day. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 84 isiZulu Conversational 102 Ubaba ufunda iphepha. Dad is reading the paper. ULihle ubhaka amakhekhe. Lihle is baking the cakes UKhaya ucula kamnandi. Nosi sings well. Ingane ikhala ebusuku. The baby is crying at night. In unit 4 you learnt about verbs and tenses. Refer to that unit to remind yourself about tenses. 6.5 Verb Mood isiZulu similarly to English language have verb moods (izindlela zesenzo). Verb moods normaly gives a different meaning to the verb. Here are the verb moods that we have in isiZulu. Indlela eqondile (inductive mood); indlela yesimo (Participial mood); indlela yamandla (potential mood); indlela yempoqo (subjunctive mood) (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). 6.5.1. Indlela eqondile (inductive mood) it uses the noun concord and the stem (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). The following examples will help you to understand indlela eqondile i.e Ubaba u+ -shayela imoto ubaba ushayela imoto. Dad is driving the car. Izingane zi+ -cula kamnandi izingane zicula kamnandi. Kids sing beautiful. Abazali ba+ - shaya ingane abazali bashaya ingane. Parents beat the kid. Ingane i+ -khalela ukudla ingane ikhalela ukudla. The baby is crying for food. Ukufa kulinuku. Death is a shame. Ukufa ku+ -linuku. 6.5.2 Indlela yesimo. The participial mood uses the following words: uma, nxa, ngoba. The word uma, nxa, nakuba, ngoba comes before the verb (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). Here is an example of a participial mood in a sentence. Uma elele mshiye. If he is asleep leave him. Uma bengagezile abahambi. If they aren’t clean they aren’t going. Nxa belambile bayathula du. When they are hungry they keep quite. Nxa ethandaza akafune kuphazanyiswa. When he is praying he don’t want to be interrupted. Nakuba siyakhuluma sisizwe uyena. Even we are speaking it is because of her. Nakuba niyangibona umusa wakhe. Even though you see me it’s because of his mercy Ngithulile ngoba angizwani nomsindo. I kept quite because I don’t like noise. Ngizomshaya ngoba uyadelela. I’ll beat him because his annoying me. 6.5.3 It is also used with izingasenzo. Like –damane, - hleze, -libele, -lokhu, --suke, -zinge, -de i.e Damane engibuka lo mfana. Hleze afike asazi. Maybe he will come we don’t know. Simze amshaye nje. Maybe he will hit him. Ulokhu engichukuluza lo. He keeps on irritating me. 85 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 6.5.4 Indlela yamandla uses u-nga. Here is an example Ngingamshaya I can beat him. Ngingambona I can see him. Ngingambuza I can ask him. Ngingathandaza I can pray. Ngingambiza I can call her. Case Study Umama izolo ubebhaka amakhekhe. Phela bekumele awabhake ukuze ezodliwa ngosuku lokuzalwa lukaDudu. Amakhekhe kamama abemnandi kakhulu. Mina noSanele siwadlille saze sapha abangani bethu esikoleni. UDudu naye ubongile kumama. Ube esecelela uNombuso wathi umama angamupha. uDudu uthe uzomupha uma esekhona. Uvuke ekuseni wamuhambisela kubo. Ujabulile uNombuso ebona uDudu nesitsha samakhekhe. Ubonge kakhulu kuDudu. UDudu ufike kubo sekugcwele bamemeza bathi “Surprise”. UDudu ujabule waze wakhala ebona izipho ebezivela kubangani bakhe. Ubonge bonke abantu abafikile ukuzobungaza usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa. Ubaba wakhe umuphe ingubo emhlophe. Ube eseya esontweni labo bamuthandazela bamufisela impilo enhle enezibusiso. Uthisha wakhe uthe “uyingane ehloniphayo” uDudu. Activity 1 1. Instead of the bolded noun in the above case study use the correct pronoun. 2. Underline verbs in the following sentences. Uvuke ekuseni. Ubonge kakhulu kuDudu. UDudu ujabulile Ube eseya esontweni. 3. Identify the type of a verb mood that is used in this sentence. Ube esecelela uNombuso wathi umama angamupha. 4. Use the following adjectives in your own sentences. Wakhe Emhlophe Kamama Ehloniphayo MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 86 isiZulu Conversational 102 6.6 Adverb Adverb informs us about when, where and how a particular action happened. As a results we have the adverb of manner, time and place (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). In isiZulu we call the adverb isandiso. We have isandiso sendawo, senkathi, nesesimo. 6.6.1 Adverb of manner. Isandiso sesimo tells us how that particular action took place (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). It tells us about the verb action. Let us look at the following examples where isandiso sesimo have been used in a sentence. UThoko uhambe kahle Thoko went well. Kahle on the above sentence tells us how she traveled. UMandla bamgwaze kabi. Mandla was stabbed badly. The word kabi tell us how he was stabbed. Additional examples of isandiso sesimo Umfana omncane bamushaye kabuhlungu ezinqeni. Ngidle kamnandi izolo ebusuku. I ate a delicious food yesterday. Ujeziswe kanzima umthakathi obeba. The witch was hardly punished. Bashanele kahle kuleli kilasi. They swept this class very well. Bamuphoxe kwamuncu kithi sonke. He was badly embarrassed. 6.6.2 Isandiso senkathi. Isandiso senkathi tells us when action happened, was it today in the morning yesterday last year etc (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). What is important to know about isandiso senkathi is that it focuses on the time of action. e.g. Ubaba ufike izolo. Dad arrived yesterday. On the above sentence the word izolo tells us the time of arrival. The time of his arrival is called isandiso senkathi. He died last year Last year tell us when the father died. The time of his death is called isandiso senkathi. Additional examples of sentences with isandiso senkathi Ngizokubona ntambama. I will see you in the afternoon Washo kudala ukuthi uzofika. He told me long ago that he will come. Ngizokuthengela ngonyaka ka-2019 izicathulo. I will buy your shoes in 2019 Uthe wamubona kuthangi. He said he saw him a day before yesterday. Fika lapha ngehora lesikhombisa. Come here at 7h00 87 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 6.6.3 Isandiso sendawo Isandiso sendawo tell us about the name of the place where the action took or take place (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). It can be at home, town etc. Below are the examples of sentences with isandiso sendawo. Umfana wami uhlala eGoli. My son stays in Gauteng Ugogo ufike endlini . Grandmother arrived in the house. Ngizoya eThekwini. I’m going to Durban. Ubaba wathenga idada eMzumbe. Dad bought the duck at eMzumbe. UMsizi bamlalise eMshiyeni. Msizi was order to sleep at Mshiyeni Hospital. Activity 4 Identify the underline adverbs and indicate whether isandiso sendawo, senkathi noma sesimo 1. Siqale izolo ukufunda. 2. Ngibhale kabuhlungu isivivinyo. 3. Bahamba kanjani laba bantu. 4. Ngimthanda kakhulu umama 5. Bamshaye wawa phansi. 6. Uhlala eZola uSbusiso. 7. Hlala lapha Dudu. 8. Udle kancane umalume. 9. Usisi upheka kamnandi. 10. Indoda yakhe yazi kahle ukuthi ukuphi. 6.7 Conjunction ( Isihlanganiso) Isihlanganiso is used to join two sentences or two ideas (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). Example of conjuction are kanti, uma, kepha, futhi, kodwa ngoba, ukuze etc. Below are examples of sentences with conjuctions. Umama uyapheka. Ubaba ulele. Mummy is cooking. Dad is asleep Umama uyapheka kodwa ubaba ulele. Mummy is cooking but dad is asleep. Umkhulu uyathandaza. Izingane ziyacula. Grany is praying. Children are singing. Umkhulu uyathandaza kanti Izingane ziyacula. Granny is praying while the children are singing. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 88 isiZulu Conversational 102 Ngiyahamba. Awuzwa. I’m going. You don’t understand. Ngiyahamba ngoba awuzwa. Im going because you dont understand. Uyafuna ukuhamba. Akafuni kwazi abantu abaningi. He want to go. He don’t want people to know Uyafuna ukuhamba kepha akafuni kwazi abantu abaningi. He want to go but he don’t want people toknow Ngilambile mina. Ngikhathele bakwethu. I’m hungry. I’m tired Ngilambile mina futhi ngikhathele bakwethu. Im hungry and i’m tired. Conjuctions that join two ideas.Ezinye izihlanganiso ezihlanganisa imiqndo emibili. Fundani ukuze niphumelele Study so that you will pass. Hambani ukuze ningahlwelwa. Go so that you will arrive early. Mbizeni uma nimbona. Call him if you see him Myekeni uma engathandi. Leave him if he does not want to come. Conjuctions in IsiZulu can be used to ask question. Below is an example Kodwa umshayeleni? Why did you beat him up? Kodwa umbulaleleni? Why did you kill him? Kanti awuzwa yini? You dont understand? Ngoba bewukhona awumucebanga ngani? Because you were there why you did not report him? Uma ngimbona ngimenzenjani? If I meet him what must I do? 6.8 Interjection Isibabazo (injerjection) is a word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion (Nkosi & Msomi 2018, pp 73-132). For an example when someone is happy, sad, in pains etc. Normaly in IsiZulu language isibabazo uses the exclamation mark at the end of the sentence. Yeka! ; Kahle! ;cha !; hhayi bo!; Mameshane!; halala!; mayi babo! Etc. Let us use the above interjection in a sentences. Yeka! Ngingaze ngikushaye. Stop! Before I beat you Kahle! Uzongilimaza Wait! you will hurt me. Cha! Ungangisukeli. No! Don’t irritate me Halala! Siyabonga ngane yakwethu. Congratulations! My sister. Maye babo! Inyoka engaka. Hey! A big snake Awuzweke! Ngimubambe la emncane ngakhona. Yes! I got him. 89 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Knowledge Check Questions 1. Sebenzisa lezi zandiso ezilandelayo emshweni ozakhele wona. Use the following adverbs in your own sentence. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. Ekuseni (in the morning) II. Izolo (yesterday) III. Kabuhlungu (painfully) IV. Kamnandi (nicely) V. Kangcono (better) VI. Ngonyaka odlule ( last year) Underline an adjective in the following sentence. I. Ugqoke ingubo ebomvu. She is wearing a red dress. II. Ubaba kaMandla ungudokotela. Mandlas’ father is a doctor III. Ingane ethandekayo leyo. That is a lovely child. Underline isihlanganiso in the following sentences. I. Ngizokushiya ngoba awugezile. II. Ngiyamuthanda futhi ngizimisele ngaye. III. Uyeyisa kanti uyigwala. IV. Uyahamba kodwa akathandi. Instead of the following pronoun use any suitable noun I. Yena upheka ukudla. II. Zona zilele manje. III. Bona bayalalela uma betshelwa. Use the following interjections in your own sentence. I. Halala! II. Yeka! III. Hhayi bo! Questions for Reflection 1. How many parts of speech do we have in isiZulu? Name them. 2. What is the function of a verb in a sentence? 3. Use the correct conjuction to join the following sentences: Izulu liyaduma. Ilanga libalele. Izingane ziyakhala. Umama uyagula. Ukufunda kunzima. Ukufunda kuyasiza. Ngiyahamba. Awunginakile Ngikhathele. Ngiyalala MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 90 isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit 7: 91 Ukubhala Nokwethula (Creative Writing & Presentation) MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Unit Learning Outcomes CONTENT LIST LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIS UNIT: 7.1 Introduction • Introduce topic areas for the unit 7.2 Umlando Wezemfundo Oqondene • Basic principles that IsiZulu structure is based on • Use sentences in the presence, past and future tense • Greet a person in IsiZulu • Use different words in IsiZulu Nami Ngqo Prescribed and Recommended Textbooks/Readings Prescribed Reading/Textbook • Mndawe, I. (2020). A Step-by-step Integration of IsiZulu Mood as a Grammatical Feature into Secondary School Level Creative Writing. Journal of Language Teaching, 54(1): 215-233. • Sanneh, S. and Hammond-Bloem, M. (2021) Colloquial Zulu: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London and New York. Recommended Readings • Dlamini, P. (2024) Avoiding Potholes in Translation: A Practical Perspective on Translation Between English and IsiZulu. University of KwaZulu Natal Press: Durban. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 92 isiZulu Conversational 102 7.1 Introduction IsiZulu is widely use in almost all the provinces in South Africa. It is therefore important to know how to read and write in isiZulu. If one is able to do so there is nothing that can hinder him/ her to write a story, a letter, CV or even to fill any form in isiZulu. This unit is a revision of all what you have learnt in other units. It will require you to use all the previous knowledge you have learnt in this document to construct sentences and make a conversation in isiZulu. Below is an example of how to fill a form in IsiZulu IFOMU LOKUCELA ISIKHALA SOKUFUNDA EMANCOSA IMINININGWANE EQONDENE NAME NGQO Amagama aphelele (Full names) Isibongo (Surname) Ubulili (Gender) Usuku lokuzalwa (Date of birth) Inombolo kamazisi (Identity number.) Ubuzwe (Nationality) Uhlanga (Race) Ushadile/ ushadelwe (Marital status) Isimo sempilo (Health status) Ikheli lasekhaya (Residential address) Ikheli leposi (Postal address) Inombolo kamakhalekhukhwini (Cellphone number.) Inombolo yasekhaya (Home telephone number.) I-imeyili (Email address) Izincwadi zokushayela (Drivers license) 7.2 Umlando Wezemfundo Oqondene Nami Ngqo Amabanga aphezulu (High school) Izifundo engaziphasa (Subject passed) Unyaka engaphasa ngawo (Year completed) Imfundo yamabanga aphakeme (Tertiary education) Igama lesikhungo semfundo ephakeme (Name of Institution) Iziqu (Qualification) Unyaka engaqeda ngawo (Year completed) 93 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Kafushane awuchaze ukuthi kungani ufuna ukufundela ubuthishela eMancosa (briefly explain why you want to study teaching at Mancosa) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… Activity Sebenzisa ulwazi olungenhla uxoxele ikilasi lakho ukuthi kungani ufuna ukuba uthisha. (Use the above information to explain to your classmates why you want to be a teacher.) After writing a CV, you can also improve your understanding of isiZulu by trying to write notes on your diary using isiZulu. That will help you to understand the language better and also to write isiZulu words properly. You can also ask an isiZulu speaking people to help you with your spelling. However, what is more important is to be able to read and write in isiZulu. Many people respect you if you are fluent in their language. In the previous units you learned about sentence construction. Sentence construction and tenses can help you to write a story. Your story can be in the past, present or future tense. Many isiZulu stories are based on these tenses. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 94 isiZulu Conversational 102 Try to do the following activities to check how much you understand in IsiZulu. Activity Bhala indaba ibe uhhafu wekhasi usho ongakwenza uma ungaba uMongameli wezwe. (Write half a page essay stating things you can do if you can become the president of this country. Get an isiZulu speaking person and read it in front of him/ her). __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. They can discuss anything. Sometimes they can agree or disagree about a certain topic. For a non- speaking isiZulu person a dialogue mighty be useful to improve the pronunciation and the use of IsiZulu words. It can also help you to write a proper spelling. It is said that if you don’t practice the language it may die. Below is an activity that requires you to work in pairs as you have reached the last unit of this module. Knowledge Check Questions 1 Xoxisana nomngani wakho ngakho konke okufunde kulemojuli. Mazise ukuthi lolu lwazi oluzuzile luzokusiza kanjani ekusebenzeni kwakho njengothisha. (Talk with your friend and inform him/ her about all what you have learnt in this module. Briefly tell him/ her how you are going to use that knowledge in your teaching profession. You will present this dialogue in front of your classmate.) 95 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Knowledge Check Questions 2 Unguthisha kunomntwana obenza kahle ezifundweni zakhe osehlale elele njalo ekilasini uma ufundisa. Usunqume ukumbizela ehhovisi ngenhloso yokuthola imbangela yokulala ekilasini. Sebenzani ngababili omunye abe nguthisha kanti omunye uzoba yilo mfundi. (There is a learner that has been brilliant in your class, suddenly she drops. Have a dialogue to find out what are the causes of her poor performance. One must represent the educator and the other one must represent the struggling learner.) MORE ACTIVITIES. As we have indicated that this module will help you to understand IsiZulu better. Below is another activity that will help you to improve your understanding of IsiZulu. Activity 1 Read this short extract in front of your classmate and ask them to rectify your mistakes more in particular your pronunciation of word. SIWUTHINGO LWENKOSAZANE INingizimu-Afrika ingeyawo wonke umuntu ohlala kuyo. Lokho kwavezwa ilowo owabe enguMongameli wokuqala wentando yeningi uDkt. uNelson Mandela. Lawo mazwi asenza sabumbana saba imbumba. Namuhla abamnyama nabamhlophe bajabulela ukuhlala kanjalo nokusebenza ndawonye. Izinga lokucwasana ngokobuhlanga selehle kakhulu. Njalo ngenyanga kaMandulo siye sigubhe usuku lwamagugu lapha eNingizimu-Afrika kanti ngenyanga kaZibandlela kunosuku lwamhla ziyi-16 lapho sisuke sigubha khona usuku lokubuyisana. Siyambonga uMadiba ngokusenza imbumba.Osekusele yikho ukuthi mina nawe silwe naleyo ngcosana esenaleyo nsila yokucwasa. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 96 isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity 2 Try to translate the above extract into English now. This will help you to understand how much you understand in IsiZulu language. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ The following activity is fun. It allows you to choose one topic and present it in front of your classmates. Use the compilation of words you have learned to prepare your speech. Activity Below is the list of topics in IsiZulu. Choose one a present a speech in front of an IsiZulu speaking person. 1. Ubuhle bokufunda eMancosa. 2. Ubuhle Nobubi Bobuchwepheshe. 3. Umdlali Webhola Engimuthandayo. 4. Indawo Enhle Engake Ngayivakashela. 5. Izidakamizwa Zilibulele Izwe. 6. Amanzi Abalulekile Emzimbeni Yethu. 7. Esingakwenza Ukonga Imvelo. 8. Okungenziwa Ukulwa Nobumpofu. 9. Ubungozi Obubhekene Nothisha Ezikoleni. 10. Esingakwenza Ukugwema Izingozi Emigwaqeni Yakuleli. 11. Ukubaluleka Komfaniswano Ezikoleni. 12. Imbangela Yokukhuluphala Ngokweqile Ezinganeni. 13. Ukubaluleka Kokuvota. 14. Engizibona Ngiyikho Eminyakeni Emihlanu Ezayo. 15. Izindlela Esingonga Ngazo Ugesi. 16. Kubalulekile Ukwazi Izilimu ezahlukahlukene. 17. Asilwisane Nokuhlukunyezwa Kwabesifazane. 18. Amazwi Kamama Engingasoze Ngawakhohlwa. 19. Izindlela Zokulwa Negciwane Lengculazi. 20. Umdlali Kamabonakude Engimthandayo. 97 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 Case Study UBUGEBENGU NgoMsombuluko ekuseni uSipho noMandla bavukela edolobheni langakubo ukuyoshintsha ithikithi likaMandla leLotto. Babengeve bejabulile. Babehamba bebala izinto ababezozithenga ngemumva kokushintsha ithikithi. Bafika liyogamanxa ihora lesi-9. Balishintsha esitolo sakwa-Game ithikithi likaMandla. Bathola isamba semali eyizinkulungwane ezingama-R20 000. Yabe isifakwa ebhange likaMandla. Bahamba-ke bayodla esitolo sakwaNandos. Sebeqedile bakhipha izinkulungwane ezinhlanu ukuze bathenge izingubo zokugqoka. Besahamba esitaladini esiku-West street balandelwa abafana abathathu. USipho uyena owababona kuqala labo bafana wakhombisa uMandla wathi mababaleke. Babaleka bangena komunye umhubhe kanti kuzoqhamuka omunye ngaphambili ephethe ummese. Bakhomba uMandla ngommese wayikhipha yonke imali kanye nomakhalekhukhwini. UMandla wathi mabayobikela amaphoyisa kodwa uSipho wamutshela ukuthi badlala ngesikhathi abazame ukuthola imali yokubuyela ekhaya kwazise likhulu idolobha nezigebengu sezibalekile, ngalokho angeke nje amaphoyisa azithole. Babuyela ekhaya bephatheke kabi futhi bengaphethe lutho. Ngakusasa uMandla wavuka wayobikela amaphoyisa edolobheni ngesigameko esibehlele. Athembisa ukumusiza ngokukhulu ukushesha nokho akhala ngokuthi bekumele abazise kwayizolo ngesigameko esibehlele. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 98 isiZulu Conversational 102 Activity Yiba uMandla, uthisha wakho uzoba iphoyisa umazise ngesigameko esenzekile (Be Mandla and your teacher will be the policeman. Narrate the incident) Activity Yibani bahlanu eqenjini nikhulume ngokubaluleka kokuvota eNingizimu-Afrika. (form a group of five and talk about the importance of casting your vote in S.A ) 99 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 APPENDICES ANSWERS TO REVISION QUESTIONS UNIT 1 ACTIVITY 1. 1. Ikati i+kati 2. Idolobha i+dolobha 3. Incwadi in+ cwadi 4. Ibhola i+ bhola 5. Udonga u+donga 6. Idada i+dada 7. Izinwelel izi+ nwele 8. Inkinga in+kinga 9. Uphahla u+phahla 10. Ibhodwe i+bhodwe Activity 2 a. Ikati ikatshana b. Idolobha idolobhana c. Incwadi incwajana d. Ibhuku ibhukwana e. Udonga udongana f. idajana Idada g. Izinwele izinwedlana h. Inkinga inkingana i. uphahlana Uphahla NOUN CLASS 1 1. NGI 2. UYA 3. BA 4. BA 5. U 6. U 7. U 8. BA 9. NI 10. BA MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 100 isiZulu Conversational 102 NOUN CLASS 2 1. I 2. BA 3. U 4. BA 5. U NOUN CLASS 3 1. Li 2. Ba 3. U 4. A 5. Li 6. A 7. Ngi 8. A NOUN CLASS 4 1. Si 2. Si 3. Zi 4. Si NOUN CLASS 5 1. I 2. Zi 3. I 4. A 5. Ziya NOUN CLASS 6 1. Zi 2. Lu 3. Lu 4. Zi 5. Lu 101 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 NOUN CLASS 7 1. Bu 2. Bu 3. Bu 4. Bu 5. Bu NOUN CLASS 8 1. Ku 2. Ku 3. Ku ACTIVITY 4 I. u- II. ba- III. ku- IV. zi- V. yi- VI. sa- ACTIVITY 5 Here students will pronounce the words and circle the first vowel. 1. (u) in umama 2. (u) in ubaba 3. (e) in esikoleni 4. (u) in ushukela 5. (i) in ikhekhe 6. (o) in ogogo 7. (i) in imenenja 8. (a) in abafana 9 (i) in ipeni 10 (o) omalume MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 102 isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 6 1. Ibhala - (bilabial plosive with delayed voice) 2. Icici - (click) 3. Ikhasi - (velar aspirated) 4. Izingane - (velar nasal) 5. Inkosi - (velar explosive nasal) 6. Umuzi - (bilabial nasal) 7. Ifa - (dentilabial voiceless fricative) 8. Ixoxo - (basic lateral click) 9. Ubusuku - (alveolar voiceless fricative) 10. Ikati - alveolar ejective plosive) Khombisa izivumelwano kule misho emifishane (Identify the concords in these following short sentences. a. Umama uphuza ubisi. (u – is a concord in the verb uphuza) b. Abantu balele. (ba- is a concord in the verb balele) c. Ukudla kumnandi – (ku – is a concord in the verb kumnandi) d. Izingane ziyacula – (zi- is a concord in the verb ziyacula) e. Indaba yinde. – (yi- is a concord in the verb yinde) f. Sangena salala - (sa- is a concord in the verb salala) 103 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 4 Word Puzzle - Students will have to find the following words in isiZulu. Pronounce them in front of an isiZulu speaker so that they can help with correct pronunciation then write their meanings in English. Ibhasi, akha, umuzi, izolo, isitofu, imoto, hamba, isitho, umusa I B H A S I I U A A I U M S M K M Z M O I U H B O U T T S A A L Z O H A I O O I W O I S I T O F U All answers have been written in bold in the puzzle, so it is clear to identify the words. Word Translation a. ibhasi – bus b. akha- build c. umuzi- house d. izolo- yesterday e. isitofu- stove f. imoto – car g. hamba –go h. isitho – portion / leg i. umusa – grace MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 104 isiZulu Conversational 102 UNIT 2 ACTIVITY 1 – Greetings-Role play In this activity students are required to greet someone and ask how he does / she feels as in the following: uZAMA : Sawubona Nomusa. uNOMUSA : Yebo, sawubona Zama. uZAMA Kunjani? / Ninjani ? : uNOMUSA : Ngiyaphila/ Sisaphila . uZAMA : Nami ngiyaphila/ Nathi siyaphila . MNU. : Yebo, sawubona Zama, ungahlala phansi. (iii) Greet a friend and say Goodbye uZAMA : Sawubona Nomusa. uNOMUSA : Yebo, sawubona Zama. uZAMA Kunjani? / Ninjani? : uNOMUSA : Ngiyaphila/ Sisaphila. uZAMA Nami ngiyaphila/ Nathi siyaphila. : Usale kahle Nomusa. uNOMUSA : Uhambe kahle Zama. u-Aphile : Sanibona Amahle no Anele u-Amahle & Anele : Sawubona Aphile . u-Aphile : Ninjani ? u-Amahle& Anele : Siyaphila, kunjani kuwe . u-Aphile : Nami ngiyaphila. ACTIVITY 3 Self-introduction in IsiZulu. Each student is doing it in the presence of other students. The self-introduction is also written in English below. Sanibona, igama lami nginguBusisiwe Thobela. Ngihlala eMzimkhulu esifundazweni sase-Eastern Cape endaweni ekuthiwa kuseBhisi. Ngiyisitshudeni esenza iziqu eziphezulu emkhakheni weMakhetingi khona la eMANCOSA. Ngiyathanda ukuya ejimini, ukubuka amamuvi kanye nokufunda amanoveli. Ngifisa ukuqeda izifundo zami ngesikhathi esibekiwe esiyirekhodi. 105 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 (Good morning, I am Miss Busisiwe Thobela. I live at UMzimkhulu in Eastern Cape Province in the area called Bhisi. I am an Honours Degree student in marketing here at Mancosa. I love going to the gym, watching movies and reading novels. I wish to complete my studies within the record time. My cell phone number is: 0878799004) ACTIVITY 4 a. Greeting a person is important because it is a sign of recognizing that person. It says she is important as a human being you encounter in that space. b. One can introduce herself in a group of new people where they will be together for some time and one would have to introduce herself in the panel during the interview. (There are many places where people have to introduce themselves e.g. community meeting before you ask a question. This question is very open. As long as the student explains these places, they are correct.) c. It is important to introduce yourself because it is not proper to call a person “you” Knowing one’s name shows you have interest in that person and also one becomes at ease when knowing who they are dealing with. d. If you mumble and you do not show confidence as you introduce yourself, it’s easy for people to say “you have failed to introduce yourself “. e. Yes, self-introduction has to do with one’s personality. A very shy person would not be able to mention important things about herself and would not give full details about hobbies, interests’ etc.i.e. things that would make other people to know more about herself/ himself. ACTIVITY 5 Each student will write down his / herself introduction. They will differ but here are the main things to be observed during the self-introduction. (Refer to the self-introduction given in the example above. Some good tips you can follow when you introduce yourself. i. Grab your audience’s attention. ii. State your name clearly. iii. Place yourself – where are you from, the organization you belong to and the position you hold. iv. Say your interests, passion or goals. v. Any background that you can share related to the group. At the end you can share your personal details MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 106 isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 6 Here students need to think where each speaker were introducing themselves and indicate which introductory speech is appealing to them. Answers may vary. Accept any answer that the student has supported. In example 1 - Mrs Nzimande was introducing herself in a group of women that are married and have children. The women are interested to know their maiden name, which is important in isiZulu culture as they may be originating from the same clan. Then they will start to form relationships. In example 2 - Busisiwe is introducing herself to students at the university. These students are from different provinces and they have registered for different courses. They are in one room because that is where they learn isiZulu together. Some share personal interests like gym is mentioned. This is possible for them to form a team of students to start jogging together or share different novels. ACTIVITY 7 In this activity a friend meets an old friend when they are attending an academic conference. Few things to note: - The name of a person introduced - Where does she/ stay - How did they meet? - What academic qualification she has - Employment - Is there any existing communication with her/him? Look at the example below: Sawubona Zama. Lona uSibongile Mbatha. Uhlala eMadadeni eNewcaslte. Ungumngani wami esasifunda naye ekolishi lobuthishela eMadadeni. Usengumhloli wezikole esifundeni sasoThukela. Sisaxhumana kakhulu naye. (Hallow Zama. This is Sibongile Mbatha. She stays at Madadeni in Newcastle. She is my friend I was with at College of Education at Madadeni. She is now a senior education manager in the uThukela district. We are still in contact with each other. 107 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 UNIT 3 ACTIVITY 1 Students must indicate the subject, verb or object in the following sentences indicate which is the a) Umfana – subject, cula – verb ikwayito – object b) Ingane - subject, idlala – verb c) Isigebengu d) Abazali - ingqathu – object - subject, sintshontsha – verb subject, baphuza– verb e) Ikati - subject, lithanda – verb imali– object isobho– object inyama– object ACTIVITY 2 Students must read aloud the following sentences in the present tense and then write them in the past tense a) Ubaba uthenga izinkomo. (Dad buys cows.) b) Izinja zidla inyama. (The dogs eat meat) c) Umfana ufunda incwadi. (The boy reads the book.) d) Amantombazane asika ikhekhe. (The girls cut the cake.) e) Abafundi babhala isivivinyo. (Learners write the test.) PAST TENSE a) Ubaba wathenga izinkomo. (My father bought cows.) b) Izinja zadla inyama. (The dogs ate meat) c) Umfana wafunda incwadi. (The boy read the book.) d) Amantombazane asika ikhekhe. (The girls cut the cake.) e) Abafundi babhala isivivinyo. (Learners wrote the test.) ACTIVITY 3 Students will read aloud the following sentences and say which ones are in the immediate future (inkathi ezofika) and remote future (inkathi eyofika) a) Abafundi bayohlolwa ngoNovemba. (Learners will be examined in November.) Inkathi Eyofika – Remote future tense b) Sizohamba kusasa. (We will go tomorrow) Inkathi Ezofika – Immediate Future Tense c) Umsakazi uyozifunda izindaba. (The radio announcer will read the news) d) Umshumayeli uzovula incwadi. (The preacher will open the scripture) Inkathi Ezofika – Immediate Future Tense MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 108 isiZulu Conversational 102 e) Abalimi bayovuna ngoJulayi. (Farmers will harvest in July.) Inkathi Eyofika - Remote future tense UNIT 4 ACTIVITY 1 Students must make questions using the verbs. They should also read the question. (a) Funa (-ni) Ufunani lapho? What are you looking? (b) Siza (-phi?) Nosipho usizaphi? Where is Nosipho helping? (c) Dayisa (-phi? Ugogo udayisaphi? Where is grandmother selling? (d) Pheka (nini ) Sesilambile, uzopheka nini? We are now hungry, when are you going to cook? (e) Letha (nini?) Uzowuletha nini umsebenzi wakho? When are you bringing your work? ACTIVITY 2 Students should read this dialogue with a friend so that they could be able to identify questions and requests. UBayanda: Sawubona Anele. U-Anele : Yebo, sawubona Bayanda. UBayanda : Kunjani? U-Anele : Ngisaphila, angisakwazi. UBayanda : Nami ngiyaphila. Ngicela sihambe ngoMsobuluko. Isicelo (request) U-Anele : Kambe siyaphi? UBayanda : Siya ezintabeni zoKhahlamba. U-Anele : Singahamba ngoLwesibili? Umbuzo (Question) UBayanda : Kulungile, ngicela sigcine isikhathi. Isicelo (request) U-Anele : ngiyabonga (thank you) Umbuzo (Question) a. Who are greeting each other? Umbuzo (Question) Ayanda and Banele b. What is the request Bayanda asked from Anele? Bayanda asked if they could go to Drakensberg mountains c. Did he use the instrumental –nga- in his request? Yes – singahamba D.How did Bayanda respond? He agreed but asked that they keep time. e. Why did Anele say “Ngiyabonga?” He said so because he asked if they could go on Tuesday and Bayanda agreed. 109 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 3 Pick up IsiZulu verbs that are not in this unit and: Use them as commands in singular form. Thatha, bhala, futha, phatha, shiya Use them as commands in plural form. Show how they can use Musa “negative form Musa ukuthatha Musa ukubhala Musa ukufutha Musa ukuphatha Musa ukushiya Students must find someone to listen to them while pronouncing these words. Buka! Look! Hlala! Sit! Ngena! Come in! Hamba! Go! Bingelela! Greet! 4. Students must use these verbs with the combination of the request in the plural form. These words need be practiced. Check their meaning in the vocabulary list so that the commands make meaning. Sala (to be left) Ngicela nisale. Hleka (to laugh) Ngicela nihleke. Geza (to have a bath) Ngicela nigeze. Funda (to reading) Ngicela nifunde. Bhala (to write) Ngicela nibhale. The following should be included: Students have to write a short dialogue in IsiZulu. They should practice it with an isiZulu speaker. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 110 isiZulu Conversational 102 i. Greetings ii. Questions iii. Responses iv. Request v. Commands uBrenda: Sawubona Sindi. (Hello Sindi.) uSindi: Yebo sawubona Brenda. (Yes hello Brenda.) uBrenda: Ninjani? (How are you?) uSindi: Siyaphila, nina ninjani? (We are fine/well, how are you?) uBrenda: Nathi siyaphila. (We are also fine/well.) uSindi: Singaya elayibrayi ntambama? (Can we go to the library in the afternoon? uBrenda: Kungani ufuna ukuya elayibrayi? (Why do you want to go to the library) uSindi: Ugcine isikhathi-ke. (Keep time.) UNIT 5 ACTIVITY 1 1.Students will use the theme “Environment” to make words and find their meanings in IsiZulu. river – umfula, neighbour - umakhelwane, houses – izindlu, children - izingane, park – ipaki , road - umgwaqo garden – izingadi flowers - izimbali, food - ukudla motor car imoto 2. Students will read aloud 5 interesting sentences from the list given. a. Ngisafuna i- cell phone. - (I’m looking for a cell phone.) b. Ngicela u-petrol. – (Can I please have petrol.) c. Baye e- computer lan. - (They have gone to the computer lan) d. Anginayo i- email address - (I don’t have an email address.) (My laptop has a problem.) e. Ngiyiphasile i- assignment. (I have passed my assignment.) f. Isivaliwe i-library. (The Library is closed.) g. Ivulwa nge-semester ezayo leyo course. (That course will start next semester.) h. U-judge Nzimande uthathe isinqumo. (Judge Nzimande took a decision.) i. Bengibheka I- credit bureau. (I was checking at credit bureau.) j. Ngizogqoka i-track suit. (I am going to wear a track suit.) k. Kuyabanda, thatha u-blanket. (It is cold, take the blanket.) l. Angisenayo i-tooth brush. (I don’t have a toothbrush anymore). m. Letha i- glass. (Bring the glass.) 111 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 n. Siyahamba siyobuka i-movie. (We are going to watch a movie.) o. Anginayo i- deposit. (I don’t have a deposit.) p. I-globe ayikhanyi. (The globe is not on.) q. Ngidla ama-Kellogs. (I eat Kelloggs.) r. Asihambe siyobuka i-game. (Let’s go and watch the game.) s. Ngiyathanda ukuthenga e-mall. (I love to do my shopping at the mall) t. Uthenga i- drink. (She buys cold drink.) 3. Students are expected to think of any 5 sentences where code switching is used. They should write them down and read them to the class. a) Iweather ibingeyinhle ngeweekend. (The weather was not good during the weekend.) b) Ubophatha ibath soap esitolo. (Please bring bath soap from the shop.) c) Uneighbour wami uzovakashela eNdiya. (My neighbour will visit India.) d) Igarage lakhe likhiyiwe. (The garage is locked.) e) Nginecommitment today ngeke ngikubone. I have a commitment today, I will not see you. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 112 isiZulu Conversational 102 UNIT 6 ACTIVITY 1 1. Ubaba uthenga amaswidi ezingane. Yena uthenga amaswidi ezingane. 2. Ingane ihlala eMlazi. Yona ihlala eMlazi. 3. Abafundi badlala ibhola. Bona badlala ibhola 4. Izingane zifunda IsiZululu. Izingane zifunda sona. 5. Ikhanda lami libuhlungu. Lona libuhlungu. 6. Mina nobaba siyazwana kakhulu. Thina siyazwana kakhulu. 7. UMandla udlala nezingane. UMandla udlala nazo. 8. Izintombi zifuna umendo. Izintombi zifuna wona. 9. Isihlalo siphukile. Sona siphukile. 10. Usibali ufihla imali. Yena ufihla imali. ACTIVITY 2 Students may use any suitable adjective. 1. Words like: emhlophe, emnyama, ethandekayo, kagogo, kababa, ebomvu, abasha, abadala, esikhulu, esiphasayo, esabekayo, olukhalayo, olulahlekile may be used etc 113 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 ACTIVITY 3 1. • Wona • Thina • Yena • Yena • Uvuke ekuseni. • Ubonge kakhulu kuDudu. • Ube eseya esontweni. 2. 3. Ube esecelela uNombuso wathi umama angamupha. 4. Students must use the word wakhe, kamama,ehloniphayo and emhlophe after the noun in his or her sentence. ACTIVITY 4 1. Izolo Isandiso senkathi (adverb of time) 2. Kabuhlungu Isandiso sesimo (adverb of manner) 3. Kanjani Isandiso sesimo (adverb of manner) 4. Kakhulu Isandiso sesimo 5. Phansi Isandiso sendawo (adverb of place) 6. EZola Isandiso sendawo (adverb of place) 7. Lapha Isandiso sendawo (adverb of place) 8. Kancane Isandiso sesimo (adverb of manner) 9. Kamnandi Isandiso sesimo (adverb of manner) 10. Kahle Isandiso sesimo (adverb of manner) (adverb of manner) ACTIVITY 5 1. Students must use the adverb ekuseni, izolo,kabuhlungu,kamnandi,kangcono and ngonyaka odlule after the verb. 2. • Ugqoke ingubo ebomvu. • Ubaba kaMandla ungudokotela. • Ingane ethandekayo leyo. • Ngizokushiya ngoba awugezile. • Ngiyamuthanda futhi ngizimisele ngaye. 3. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 114 isiZulu Conversational 102 • Uyeyisa kanti uyigwala. • Uyahamba kodwa akathandi. 4. UThoko upheka ukudla. Izingane zilele. Abantwana bayalalela uma betshelwa. 5. Halala! Usebenzile mntanami. Yeka! Angisafuni. Hhayi bo! Ingozi le oyenzayo. ANSWERS TO REVISION QUESTIONS UNIT 1 1. Umu- umuntu (1) 2. Imi- imithombo (4) 3. Ili- ilizwe (5) 4. Isi- isifo (7) 5. Izin- izinkawu (10) Pronounciation will be listened to and assessed by peers Subject concord: 1. Ba 2. A 3. Zi 4. I 5. Si 6. U 115 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 UNIT 2 1. It shows that we recognise each other. 2. One person- Sawubona, unjani Group of people- Sanibona, ninjani 3. To show respect 4. Grab your audince’s attention State your name clearly Place your self- where are you from Say your interest, passion or goals Your personal details (Students will practice introducing themselves in isiZulu) UNIT 3 1. Subject-verb-object 2. Inja idla igundane. Inhlanzi ihlala emanzini. Ingane ibhaka amakhekhe Ugogo ufunda incwadi. Ubaba ushayela imoto IMMEDIATE FUTURE TENSE 1. Inja izodla igundane. 2. Inhlanzi izohlala emanzini 3. Ingane izobhaka amakhekhe. 4. Ugogo uzofunda incwadi 5. Ubaba uzoshayela imoto. REMOTE FUTURE TENSE 1. Inja iyodla igundane. 2. Inhlanzi iyohlala emanzini. 3. Ingane iyobhaka amakhekhe. 4. Ugogo uyofunda incwadi. 5. Ubaba uyoshayela imoto. MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 116 isiZulu Conversational 102 PAST TENSE (action that has just took place) 1. Inja idle igundane. 2. Inhlanzi ihlale emanzini. 3. Ingane ibhake amakhekhe. 4. Ugogo ufunde incwadi. 5. Ubaba ushayele imoto. PAST TENSE (action that took place long time ago) 1. Inja yadla igundane. 2. Inhlanzi yahlala emanzini. 3. Ingane yaabhaka amakhekhe. 4. Ugogo wafunda incwadi. 5. Ubaba washayela imoto. UNIT 4 1. Clear questions Closed questions Open questions Probing questions Tag questions Interrogative questions Double bind questions Rhetorical questions (any 3) 2. By adding –ni at the end of the verb. 3. Ngicela- Ngiyabonga 4. Ngicela ungene endlini. Ngicela uwashe izitsha. Ngicela ugqoke ijezi. Ngicela ubuze umbuzo. 117 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 UNIT 5 1. Ikhala Ikhanda Umlomo Isandla Umqala Indlebe Ulimi Isisu 2. Mubi Mude Umabonakude Dweba Ukudla Izincwadi Uhleko Bhukuda Impikiswano 3. Libalele Ukuduma Isiphepho Linamafu UNIT 6 1. Six: uSoizo Isichasiso Isilandiso Isikhanyiso Isihlanganiso Isibabazo 2. It is an action word, it tells us about what is happening in a sentence. 3. Izulu liyaduma kodwa ilanga libalele. Izingane ziyakhala ngoba umama uyagula. Ukufunda kunzima kodwa kuyasiza. Ngiyahamba ngoba awunginakile. Ngikhathele ngakho-ke ngiyalala MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 118 isiZulu Conversational 102 REFERENCES • Mkhombo, S.M., Zondo, N and Malandi, N. 2018. IsiZulu Made Easy. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers. • Muller, B, Mthethwa, B.1982. Sanibona 1 Congella: Noel Glass Press. • Munnik, A, Roos, V. 1996. Learn Zulu Today. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. • Munnik, A, Roos, V. 2003. Learn to speak Zulu. (2nd Edition) Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. • Nyembezi, CLS, 1973. Uhlelo LwesiZulu. (3rd Edition) Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. • Nkosi, N.R. and Msomi, G.N. 2018. Izikhali Zabaqeqeshi Nabafundi. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. 119 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching isiZulu Conversational 102 MANCOSA - Bachelor of Education in Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching 120
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