REVIEW GUIDELINE FOR EXAM 3 (Chapters 7-9)
Review the following from both the textbook and the NPPs:
Chapter 7:
The importance of affiliation in human existence
Individual differences in the need to affiliate
Are there people who don’t need other people?
Situational influences on the need to affiliate
The role of affect: Do our moods play a role in liking others?
The power of proximity: Unplanned contacts
The “what is beautiful is good” effect
Red really is sexy – and attractive
Similarity: Birds of a feather actually do flock together
Do we seek similarity even with respect to physical attractiveness? (matching
hypothesis)
Why do we like others who are similar to ourselves but dislike those who are different?
The various types of love (as presented in the NPP)
Components of love
The role of passionate love in relationships
What do we seek in romantic partners?
Relationships with parents
Close friendships
Chapter 8:
Identify examples of conformity, compliance, obedience, unintentional social influence
Social pressure: Solomon Asch’s study
Cohesiveness and conformity
Conformity and group size
Conformity and status within a group
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
Power as a shield against conformity
Minority influence
Compliance tactics – Sections 8.2.2 – 8.2.5 (inclusive)
Why destructive obedience occurs
Resisting the effects of destructive obedience
Emotional contagion
Symbolic social influence
Modeling
Chapter 9:
Empathy-altruism: It feels good to help others (components of empathy)
Empathic joy: Feeling good by helping others (empathic joy hypothesis)
Is there safety in numbers? Sometimes, but not always (diffusion of responsibility)
Key steps in deciding to help – or not (pluralistic ignorance)
Helping people similar to ourselves
Exposure to prosocial models
Playing prosocial video games
Feelings that reduce our focus on ourselves (awe)
Factors that reduce helping (social exclusion, darkness, putting an economic value on
our time)
Crowdfunding
Positive emotions and prosocial behavior
Negative emotions and prosocial behavior
Gender and prosocial behavior
Final thoughts: Are prosocial behavior and aggression opposites?
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