Close-up C2 Student's Book Answer Key - English Language Learning

Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 1 Do You Mind? F Answers You can change most things wholly or in part, but not genetics. Answers 1 sustain 2 cognitive 3 trauma 4 optimal 5 empathetic 6 determinant B Vocabulary Answers A brain injury caused the change. The physical environment was the cause as it was the result of an accident. A Reading A Answers It focused on what is going right in the lives of young people, rather than what is going wrong. Answers 1 misspent 2 dysfunctional 3 maladjusted 4 aberrant 5 abnormal 6 misanthrope All of the prefixes have a negative meaning. E B C Answers 1c 2d 3a 4b 5a 6d 7b 8c 1c His miraculous survival, and the effects of the injury upon his character, made Gage an important case study for scientists concerned with the brain and human behaviour. / Gage’s injuries provided the first solid evidence for a link between brain trauma and personality change. 2d The subsequent blast propelled the rod through Gage’s left cheek, tore through his brain and exited through the top of his skull … 3a … he became … socially inappropriate. / It is involved in … inhibiting inappropriate behaviour … 4b Today, research is still being conducted into his condition and the majority of introductory psychology textbooks mention Gage. His skull and the iron rod are on display at the Warren Anatomical Museum at Harvard University and are the most sought-out items there. 5a … 30-year study into childhood temperament and its impact on adult behaviours …/ … achieving optimal development and wellbeing. In measuring positive development in young people … 6d In measuring positive development in young people, researchers look for attributes and behaviours that enable them to take an active role in the community … (It can only refer to young people as they are the group being studied in relation to taking an active role in the community, etc.) 7b … have confidence that important organisations in society would generally behave ethically and fairly … 8c The findings are an invaluable resource for developing interventions and programmes that reduce risks and also strengthen protective factors to assist optimal development. Answers 1 venting 2 bears 3 breeds 4 swallow 5 conducted 6 exerting 7 arouses 8 assert C Answers 1 cynical 2 Meticulous 3 uneasy 4 obnoxious 5 amiable 6 eloquent D Answers 1 obnoxious 2 amiable 3 cynical 4 eloquent 5 uneasy 6 meticulous E Answers 1 vulnerable 2 distant 3 mutual 4 compatible 5 inseparable 6 platonic 7 unconditional 8 devoted Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 1 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 1 11/17/17 10:33 AM F B Answers 1 go back 2 fell out 3 drifted apart 4 settles down 5 led … on 6 come between 7 fit in 8 worked up 9 get out of 10 stick up for Answers 1 I’ve been getting to know her. (It’s an ongoing situation, I’m still getting to know her.) I’ve got to know her. (I now know her quite well.) 2 The dog smelt terrible. (stative verb meaning the smell of the dog was terrible.) The dog was smelling the flowers. (stative verb used to describe the dog’s action i.e. sniffing the flowers.) 3 The patient had forgotten to take her pills. (once.) The patient had been forgetting to take her pills. (repeatedly, over a period of time.) 4 They imagine themselves somewhere calm. (every time they meditate.) They are imagining themselves somewhere calm. (right now in the yoga class.) 5 I understood the problem. (stative verb, never used in continuous tenses.) I was working on a solution. (action going on at or around a certain time in the past.) G Answers 1 doing 2 egging 3 winding 4 stresses 5 let 6 chills H Answers 1 face 2 arm’s 3 shoulder 4 chest 5 head 6 back 7 tongue 8 foot 9 elbow 10 neck I Answers 1 in 2 beside 3 on 4 in 5 at 6 on 7 against 8 in 9 on 10 at 11 on 12 out of C Answers 1 continuous 2 simple 3 continuous 4 simple 5 simple D Answers 1b 2c 3b 4a 5b 6b E Answers 1 didn’t mean 2 made 3 forever 4 needs 5 had received 6 had been 7 has been 8 controls 9 tell 10 was studying F Answers 1b 2d 3c 4a 5b 6d 7b 8a Answers 1 have been making/have made, need 2 knew, was lying / knows, is lying 3 was falling, occurred 4 didn’t understand, had been following 5 doesn’t like, is thinking 6 sold, is working Grammar G J A Answers 1b 2a 3d 4c Answers 1 didn’t use to 2 used to can replace would for actions (would/used to have deep conversations) 3 would can replace used to for actions (used to/would go on for hours) 4 for states (used not to like, used to have one or two very good friends) 2 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 2 11/17/17 10:33 AM H Answers 1c 2a 3b I Answers stress, repeating, present, is not J Answers 2 after we took it 3 when they fought 4 while she talked 5 as we catch up K Answers 1 used to 2 used not to 3 do 4 does 5 did 6 has 7 do 8 did 9 will 10 did L Speaking A Answers One picture depicts a quiz show and the other an oral exam in a language class. On a quiz show the contestants introduce themselves to the audience. In an exam they introduce themselves to the examiner. ‘Hello, I’m X/My name is X. I’m a friend of Y. I work at Z/I’m a student/ I’m X’s brother, etc. Pleased/Nice to meet you.’ B Answers Students’ own answers, but should include the following: People use different degrees of formality depending on the situation and give different information according to the situation, e.g., if making a complaint on the phone you might give your name, address and phone number, whereas in a social situation you might talk about your family or what you do for a living. At the doctor’s you would give your age and some details relating to your health; in a language class you might tell people where you are from, where you live and why you are learning the language. C Answers Students’ own answers Answers 1 do 2 Since 3 would 4 have 5 used 6 not 7 hardly 8 no D Listening F A Answers Students’ own answers, but could include the following. Answers Yannis did better because he was friendlier, a bit more talkative, and used the right intonation E Answers Students’ own answers Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus A: working together to achieve a goal / the herd mentality / safety in numbers B: preferring to work on one’s own / concentration C: being picked on / excluded / singled out / bullied Answers Students’ own answers B A Answers 1 negative peer pressure 2 young people/adolescents 3 factors that make people susceptible to peer pressure; how they can tackle the problem/ways they can protect themselves against peer pressure 4 by giving specific reasons Answers Students’ own answers C Answers 1g 2f 3c 4e 5d 6h 7a 8b F 1A 2A 3A 4B 5C 6A Writing: an essay (1) B Answers 1 desire 2 self-esteem 3 confidence 4 performance Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 3 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 3 11/17/17 10:33 AM 5 fear 6 isolation 7 interests 8 vulnerable 9 dysfunctional 10 prone C Answers Students’ own answers, but could include the following: not wanting to be alone, natural for people to feel this way, want acceptance, etc. D Suggested answers positively or negatively = for better or for worse; beneficially or adversely young people = adolescents; teens susceptible = vulnerable tackle = handle; face; deal with E Answers Students’ own answers F Answers 1 Yes, it is a good opening paragraph because it mentions every important point to be discussed in the task. It paraphrases the essay prompt well. 2 The first main paragraph focuses on the particular risk factor; in this case, the desire to fit in. Yes, it is stated in the topic sentence. 3 The second main paragraph focuses on a way to handle the kind of pressure and problems that arise when young people want to fit in. Yes, it is stated in the topic sentence. 4 Yes, they are. 5 Yes 6 Yes, the style is formal and impersonal. The writer has achieved this by using some advanced grammar such as the passive voice (have been identified, can be used); a range of advanced vocabulary (undue influence, potentially serious consequences, vitally important, contrary to, core value system, assertive, non-confrontational, rears its ugly head …); complex sentences (In the case of the latter, certain risk factors have been identified that can make young people prone to undue, and often unwelcome, influence. / Peers play an important role in a teenager’s life as adolescence is the time when the desire to fit in and find acceptance and approval from the group is strongest. / At times though, the desire to either impress or gain acceptance by the group becomes excessive, and can result in people choosing to take risks with potentially serious consequences, etc.); formal linking words and phrases (however, nevertheless, in short). 7 By using such in When such situations arise to refer back to risks with potentially serious consequences and behaviour that is extremely hurtful. 8 the latter, When this occurs, For this reason G Answers Students’ own answers H It is universally agreed that evil is bad. Why then has it flourished? Perhaps it is because decent, lawabiding people have not spoken out against it or taken measures to prevent it. The reasons for their reluctance are many, but how can these be overcome to turn inaction into action? There is a time when good men and women must stand up for what is right, even when it involves risk, but that moment comes only after evil has already been well established. For instance, how many people could dictators have killed with no one to take their orders? How many people would have starved to death without obedient middlemen? With dutiful followers, however, evil rulers killed millions of people in the 20th century alone. Were it not for basically decent people ready to obey, evil would quickly fail. Such people would not initiate destruction by themselves, but perhaps in the name of duty, loyalty, or the greater good, they cooperate with evil. Perhaps they are driven by fear of repercussions should they not obey. Each one plays only a small part in the misery brought upon others, and therefore they do not contemplate the results of their actions – as far as they are concerned, it is nothing to do with them. If obedience towards evil is rooted in fear, how can we eliminate the fear? The answer may lie in our collective strength. Our history is full of instances of revolution and rebellion – some peaceful, many more bloody. Regimes, dictators and tyrants have been toppled by the will of the people. Surely this shows us that a combined, concerted effort can face down evil and prevent it from causing further destruction. This holds true for battles great and small. A good illustration of this are the Neighbourhood Watch schemes that are in force in neighbourhoods around the world. Working together, residents patrol and protect their areas from criminals. In summary, it would seem that people do not act to prevent evil if by doing so they risk their own lives. This fear can be overcome by working with others to combat the evils of our times. Video 1 From the Same Family Before you watch A Answers Students’ own answers While you watch B Answers Chimpanzees share all the characteristics in A with humans. 4 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 4 11/17/17 10:33 AM C Answers The aspect of their nature that is emphasised is their resemblance to us. D Answers 1 repelled (00:10) 2 transformed (00:22) 3 resembles (00:34) 4 outright (00:38) 5 tender (00:45) 6 gestures (00:52) After you watch E Answers 1 link 2 ancestors 3 struggles 4 expressions 5 invention 6 humanity 7 cultures 8 medicine 9 grasp 10 glimpse Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers 2 Bright Ideas Reading A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers D Answers Texts A and D E Answers 1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6D 7C 8B 9A 10B 1B Although the camera … nowhere near as good as the best phone cameras on the market … for an asking price of £499, I would expect it to be. 2D According to ABT, the phone is especially durable and has withstood many drop tests. What did they test it on? A soft pillow? I’m claiming a refund. 3A those hankering for the next big thing, should … look no further than Core’s X7i model. 4C But if you’ve found recent offerings to be underwhelming, ABT’s new Genius4 isn’t likely to make you deviate from that position. 5A … the typical Android phone was … Then along came ABT with its breakthrough Genius1 … the best-looking Android phone of its time, inspiring many firm followers and prompting a slew of copycats. 6D I didn’t do any research … All I knew was that it had to be attractive. Some might scoff, but that’s a genuine concern for a lot of phone buyers. 7C And although the Genius4 is surely better than any of the versions that preceded it … 8B Unfortunately for ABT, the granny market was not what they had in mind for the Genius4. Print and TV ads, brimming with 20-somethings … are testament to that. The phone, however, doesn’t measure up for that demographic. 9A Since ABT’s competitors took note of the Genius’ radical design, the market has been flooded with look-alike devices, thus rendering the new Genius4 model generic and unexciting. 10B My grandmother makes and receives calls … nothing too challenging – simple text, no attachments … her requirements are the most basic. The Genius4 would suit her to a T. F Answers 1 iconic 2 underwhelming 3 firm 4 minimalist 5 hefty 6 durable 7 radical 8 generic Vocabulary A Answers 1 deduce 2 eminent 3 emitted 4 principles 5 sensors 6 eradicating 7 fission 8 ingenious Students’ own answers B Answers 2, 3, 1 1a dissolves 1b disintegrated 1c decomposed 2a interpret 2b analysed 2c inferred Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 5 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 5 11/17/17 10:33 AM 3a compute 3b calculate 3c estimated C Answers 1 underline: obsolete, outdated; circle: advanced 2 underline: functional, utilitarian; circle: impractical 3 underline: groundbreaking, revolutionary; circle: conventional 4 underline: concrete, tangible; circle: abstract D Grammar A Answers 1 Don’t wait until the last minute! All the best tickets will have gone. 2 Will you be transferring the funds electronically? 3 The tech company is to move its headquarters to Japan. 4 You’re to text me when you get home. 5 I shan’t talk to you until you take your headphones off! Answers 1 digital native 2 operating system 3 active users 4 security breach 5 computer literacy 6 artificial intelligence 7 search engine 8 information technology B E D Answers 1 at 2 up 3 behind 4 By 5 off 6 on 7 outside 8 in 9 before 10 out of 11 ahead 12 within F Answers 1 inconclusive 2 negligently 3 misinterpret 4 longevity 5 incurable 6 unprecedented 7 perseverance 8 emissions G Answers 1 more or less 2 time after time 3 wear and tear 4 touch and go 5 little by little 6 back and forth 7 safe and sound 8 back to front H Answers 1D 2C 3B 4A 5C 6D 7B 8A Answers 1d 2c 3b 4a 5e C Answers present tenses we use: once, before, after, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the second, until Answers 1 Once artificial intelligence has developed, humans will be in trouble. present perfect simple to show one action finishes before another starts 2 As soon as the plane lands, they’ll announce its arrival. present simple to show one action follows another immediately 3 While you are browsing our products you’ll notice our opening offers. present continuous to show one action happening at the same time as another in the future 4 After I’ve been diving all morning, I’ll be very relaxed. present perfect continuous to show one action will be in progress before another E Answers 1 are to 2 have logged 3 has had 4 just about 5 shan’t bother, turn 6 are shopping, will F Answers 1 will progress 2 ✓ 3 change 4 ✓ 5 will deteriorate 6 ✓ 7 ✓ 8 will fit 9 ✓ 10 ✓ 6 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 6 11/17/17 10:33 AM G M Answers 1 as soon as 2 just about to 3 While 4 Once 5 until Suggested answers 1 Scientists are on the verge of creating a vaccine for the common cold. 2 I’m looking forward to starting my new job in electrical engineering. 3 There are a lot of interesting new projects on the way. 4 Given the lack of funding, I foresee a bleak future for scientific research in this country. 5 Robots have now replaced all warehouse staff. To be honest, it was bound to happen sooner or later. 6 Jason is busy preparing his presentation for the upcoming launch of the new smartphone. H Answers 1 We hope (that) we will see you. We expect (that) we will arrive early. We anticipate (that) there will be a few problems. 2 ‘Hope’ implies that we want something to happen in the future. ‘Expect’ and ‘anticipate’ imply that something is likely to happen in the future. I N Answers 1a 2b 3d 4b 5d 6c 7c 8d 9a 10d Answers 1a 2c 3b Listening J Answers Students’ own answers, but could include the following. There is no wi-fi; the phone has fallen into a swimming pool; the phone has been dropped and screen broken. The owner feels annoyed / frustrated / helpless / angry. The owner should move to a place with a signal; retrieve the phone and attempt to dry it / take it to a repair centre. A Answers would, was/were going to, Past Continuous K Answers The organisers of the technology exhibition, which is fast approaching, do not envisage any problems. They plan to hire extra staff to cope with the numbers as they predict that attendance will be record-breaking. The press fears that it will be a disaster, and the public dread the effect on the city’s transport system. The organisers however, who are counting on everything running smoothly, foresee a resounding success and say we can look forward to the best exhibition ever, with all the major tech companies showing off their new products and gadgets that are in the pipeline. There will be plenty of surprises in store and rumour has it the unveiling of some great innovations is on the cards. As always, I’ll keep you posted on this and other upcoming tech events. L Answers Students’ own answers E Answers Task 1 1 2 3 4 5 E B H A C Task 2 Answers neutral positive negative verbs foresee envisage plan anticipate expect hope look forward to fear dread phrases on the way in the offing in the pipeline in store adjectives B be looming be brewing impending very soon very probable unexpected expect anticipate count on am (just) about to upon us on the verge of on the point of on the brink of imminent forthcoming upcoming approaching is bound to / certain / sure to be on the cards in store 6 D 7 H 8 B 9 F 10 A Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 7 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 7 11/17/17 10:33 AM Writing: a review (1) A Answers Circle: State Science Fair, Darwin Centre, science, technology, engineering and maths Underline: science-mad friend, wasn’t particularly keen, science is for nerds, reluctantly agreed B Answers 1 Yes. It is the State Science Fair at the Darwin Centre and he visited it last week. 2 By asking questions; by using informal language (science-mad, nerd) 3 Yes C Answers 1 a technology exhibition 2 describe the technology exhibition; say what you enjoyed most about it; explain why it is worth visiting 3 Students’ own answers D Answers It’s a long walk around the entire collection before reaching the tech exhibition; waiting for ages before being able to play the video games E Answers 1 They tell a story / set the scene / provide background. 2 No 3 Yes F Answers 1 a hand-held device 2 a labour-saving gadget 3 a user-friendly interface 4 a once-in-a-lifetime experience 5 a fuel-powered engine 6 a long-life battery G Answers Students’ own answers H Suggested answers As someone who was never any good at science while at school, I was tempted to give the National Science Museum a miss when my friends suggested going. I’d always felt that physics and maths were too complicated for me, and wondered what – if anything – I would find of interest at the museum. As it turned out, there was more than enough to engage me. With six floors of interactive and educational exhibits, this museum will fascinate people of all ages. It covers everything from early technology to space travel. You don’t have to have any knowledge of science to appreciate the exhibits, which is what makes it so thoroughly enjoyable. And if you want to learn a little more, the interactive screens dotted around the galleries provide loads of interesting facts. Walking through the museum, I was totally enthralled by everything I saw, but the highlight for me was ‘Man in Space’, which traces the history of our earliest space exploration. This was the time when Russia and the USA were locked in a race to be the first to enter space. The exhibition features real rockets and satellites, plus a full-size replica of the lander that took Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the moon in 1969. When you see how small it was, you really appreciate the courage of the astronauts who travelled in it. The great thing about the museum is that it approaches science from the perspective of the average person. The explanations are in language that anyone can understand, and this makes a visit very worthwhile. Just make sure you go during the week as it gets pretty crowded at the weekend. The National Science Museum is extraordinary and incredibly engaging. So don’t be put off by the notion that science is ‘too hard’ or ‘too boring’. Do yourself a favour and go along as soon as you can. You won’t be disappointed! Video 2 Neon Seas Before you watch A Answers They are taken in the ocean. They show a variety of marine life, some of which are fluorescent. B Answers 1c 2b 3d 4a While you watch C Answers 1 T (00:13) 2 F (00:38) 3 T (00:50) 4 T (00:58) 5 F (01:17) 6 T (01:40) After you watch D Answers 1 coral 2 occurrence 3 diversity 4 function 5 filters 6 world 7 behaviour 8 reef 9 serenity 10 landscape 8 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 8 11/17/17 10:33 AM Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Review 1 (Units 1 & 2) Grammar Revision A Answers 1D 2A 3B 4C 5B 6A 7C 8D B Answers 9 native 10 large 11 hardly/not 12 Owing/Due 13 Contrary 14 users 15 used 16 by C Answers 17 cynical 18 philosophical 19 unconventional 20 dysfunctional 21 eminent 22 unorthodox 23 abnormal 24 impassive D Answers 25 will be upon us 26 is off limits to visitors 27 can’t work up any enthusiasm for 28 advised me to keep a cool head 29 what Tilly gets out of doing 30 was beside himself after 3 Right On! Reading D: E: F: G: H: the remarks They’re not alone She Later that same week is also available D Answers 1B 2F 3D 4A 5H 6E 7G (paragraph C is not needed) E Answers 1 prevalent 2 destitute 3 traumatic 4 humbling 5 selfless Vocabulary A Answers 1 conscience 2 suppress 3 persecuted 4 affluent 5 disperse 6 immigrating 7 empathy 8 condemned B Answers 1 is an advocate 2 Blatant disregard for 3 caused the residents great alarm 4 is an assault on democracy 5 It is the activists’ endeavour/The endeavour of the activists is 6 suffered abuse 7 get a ban on smoking 8 is in favour of The noun forms are the same as the verbs. C Answers a a a a a a a rally human a fuss workplace product factory protest campaign chain A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Soup kitchens; food rescuing / stopping food waste; money for food purchases C Answers A: One B: It’s simple C: They’re looking ✓ boycott ✓ form ✓ hold ✓ ✓ make mount ✓ occupy ✓ ✓ picket ✓ ✓ stage ✓ ✓ ✓ Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 9 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 9 11/17/17 10:33 AM D Answers Positive: benevolent, humane, just, merciful, tolerant Negative: apathetic, brutal, callous, corrupt, prejudiced 1 humane 2 prejudiced 3 merciful 4 corrupt 5 tolerant 6 brutal 7 benevolent 8 apathetic 9 just 10 callous E Answers 1 corrupt 2 tolerant 3 apathetic 4 just 5 prejudiced 6 humane A Answers a have been made b were arrested c is expected d was blocked B Answers 1b 2a 3c 4d C Answers 1I 2T 3I 4T 2 The injured demonstrator was taken to hospital. 4 The parliament building was occupied by the group. D Answers 1 is being discussed 2 are being reviewed 3 is being constructed 4 are being held 5 is suspected 6 have been scrutinised 7 has been arrested 8 is being attacked F Answers 1f 2h 3a 4c 5b 6e 7d 8g G Answers 1 jump 2 bury 3 brought 4 fell 5 came 6 got 7 spared 8 turn E Answers Students’ own answers. 1 is perhaps better style. F H Answers dis- Grammar in- un- under- disobedience inequality unbiased underfed disorder unequal underpaid injustice dispossessed intolerance unmerciful underprivileged I Answers 1 activists 2 inequality 3 unlawful 4 injustice 5 unjust 6 disobedience 7 demonstrators/demonstrations 8 justifiably Answers 1 The right to vote was won by women after a hard struggle. 2 The anti-fur campaign is supported by many celebrities. 3 Modern day slavery is still being fought. 4 Have people with disabilities been given equal rights by the government? 5 These laws should be tightened. 6 People were advised to leave their homes by the hurricane forecast. G Answers 1 appear 2 is being 3 imposition of 4 had been 5 has since died 6 being reviewed H Answers 1 Feminists were responsible for the obliteration of the posters. 2 There will be a loss of hundreds of jobs with the closure of the factory. / The closure of the factory will mean the loss of hundreds of jobs. / The closure of the factory will result in hundreds of job losses. 10 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 10 11/17/17 10:33 AM 3 The destruction of the environment continues/is happening at an alarming rate. 4 Equal pay for women is still not a reality in many industries. / Equal pay for women still doesn’t exist in many industries. / Equal pay for women still hasn’t been achieved in many industries. / Women still do not receive equal pay in many industries. 5 Redundancy at 50 is a problem for many breadwinners. I Answers 1f 2a 3d 4c 5b 6e 7g J Answers 1b 2c 3d 4e 5a 6f 1 Although the children were young, the photographer got them to smile for the camera. 2 There were only a few volunteers, but they worked hard and the job was done efficiently. 3 The animal welfare campaign got people to adopt lots of strays. 4 The asylum seekers got their papers checked by the authorities. 5 The schoolteacher had her pupils helping the homeless. 6 The coastguard got the captain to give his position when he radioed for help K Answers 1 got 2 talking 3 got 4 had 5 passed 6 investigate 7 got L Answers 1 got -> get 2 did -> done 3 explained -> explain 4 he -> him 5 accepting -> accepted 6 fix -> fixed 7 have -> had M Answers 1 is said to have been 2 had been badly treated by/had been treated badly by 3 had its/their website shut down 4 still under construction 5 suspect’s human rights were violated /human rights of the suspect were violated B Answers 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T C Answers 1b 2d 3c 4a 5f 6e E Answers 1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a 7c 8b Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers D Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: an article (1) A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers 1a, b 2a 3a 4b 5a 6b 7b 8b C Answers 1 a person who has made a valuable contribution 2 their character 3 Students’ own answers, but could include raising money, raising public awareness about an issue, petitioning government to bring about change 4 in an explanation of the importance of the contribution D Listening Answers petitioning government to change its approach to shelter for the homeless A E Answers Fair trade is trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers. Answers 1 describe the person 2 talk about what they have done 3 explain the importance of their contribution Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 11 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 11 11/17/17 10:33 AM F Answers Main paragragh 1 Students should underline, Maria is small in stature, but her heart is huge. / It answers the question, Who is this ‘someone else’? Let me tell you. Main paragragh 2 Students should underline, That experience taught her a lot about human nature. / That experience refers back to the fact that people were eager to help. Main paragragh 3 Students should underline, Needless to say, the benefits are enormous. / the benefits links back to living in a home. Conclusion Students should underline, Isn’t it amazing how one person can bring about so much change? / so much change refers back to the benefits and opportunities that living in a home bring. G Answers 1 not very important 2 persuade someone who is reluctant 3 it is already understood 4 a home of your own 5 have an important effect on something 6 do as another person did before H Suggested answer It’s a dog’s life What does it take to make a huge difference in someone’s life? Would you be surprised to learn that all you need is a friendly pet and few hours a week? But let me back up a bit. When my elderly neighbour moved into aged care, I decided to visit her one Sunday. I wasn’t sure what to expect: Would she feel depressed at having to leave her own home? I needn’t have worried. An amazing charity called Pet Set had taken care of that. Sitting by her side was a big white English Bulldog, Winston. It was Winston’s job to offer companionship to the elderly residents, and this he did with great success. Apparently, Winston visited three times a week and raised everyone’s spirits. Speaking with his owner, I learned that Pet Set volunteers take their good-natured dogs to places like aged care facilities and hospitals to help improve the wellbeing of residents and patients. ‘What a great idea!’ I thought. Wanting to take part, but not having a pet, I offered my time as an administration officer. Twice a week, I work the phones and organise the volunteers. Knowing that I’m doing something worthwhile with my time is important to me. Getting to know the dogs and seeing the joy they bring is an added bonus. I constantly hear heart-warming stories resulting from these visits. For the elderly residents who have experienced the trauma of giving up their own beloved pets, a regular visit from a friendly dog does wonders for their morale and gives them something to look forward to. As for the dogs, they love the attention and the treats they get! Don’t think twice about it. I encourage anyone who has spare time and a placid pooch to enquire about getting involved. Even if, like me, you don’t have a pet, there are ways you can help. Look into it – you won’t regret it Video 3 Dirty Energy Before you watch A Answers The photos show air pollution from a coal power plant, and a form of renewable energy (wind energy). Students should tick dirty energy, impact on climate, alternatives exist and outdated plant. Coal is relatively cheap and supplies are not limited, so these statements are not true. While you watch B Answers The video mentions dirty energy, impact on climate, alternatives exist and outdated plant. C Answers 1 relying (00:18) 2 deeply (00:24) 3 luxury (00:31) 4 right (00:38) 5 significant (00:48) 6 injustice (00:53) After you watch D Answers 1 shut down 2 breathe 3 run 4 contribute 5 Quit 6 power 7 grow up 8 introduce 9 call on 10 provide Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers 12 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 12 11/17/17 10:33 AM 4 Express Yourself D Answers Verb Noun Adjective A - analogy (1) analogous Answers Students’ own answers contradict (2) contradiction (3) contradictory detract (4) detraction/ detractor - Answers Students’ own answers diversify (5) diversity (6) diverse / diversified C dominate (7) domination (8) dominant Answers The first test used snail mail/regular mail to deliver a physical package. In the later tests, the ‘package’ was an electronic message – email in the first case and instant message in the other. homogenise (9) homogenisation - (11) proximity proximate shrink (12) shrinkage (13) shrunken D E Reading B Answers Option A states an indisputable fact, but it does not answer question 1. E Answers 1B 2C 3D 4A 5C 6A F Answers 1 the man in the street 2 gain acceptance 3 at my expense 4 To all intents and purposes 5 The beauty of 6 display herd mentality Vocabulary A Answers 1c 2a 3b 4d 5d 6c 7b 8a B Answers 1 long-lost 2 thick 3 famously 4 speaking 5 wrong 6 acquaintance 7 best of friends 8 one-sided C Answers 1 crowdfunding 2 meme 3 tag 4 avatar 5 clickbait 6 trending 7 bio 8 emoticon (10) homogenised / homogeneous Answers 1 contradiction 2 shrinkage 3 analogous 4 proximity 5 detractors 6 dominates 7 homogenised 8 Diversity F Answers 1d 2f 3a 4c 5e 6b G Answers 1b 2a 3c 4a 5b 6c I Answers 1b 2c 3d 4a 5c 6c 7b 8a Grammar A Answers Modals are followed by the bare infinitive a send (present infinitive) b be driving (present continuous infinitive) c not have checked (perfect infinitive) d have been waiting (perfect continuous infinitive) e be turned off (passive simple infinitive) f have been read (passive perfect infinitive) B Answers 1f 2a 3b, c, e 4d C Answers a could / were able to, b were not allowed to, c didn’t have to d wouldn’t Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 13 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 13 11/17/17 10:33 AM e would f was able to, could/was able to The modals in bold have to change when the idea is expressed in the past. K Answers 1c 2a, f 3b 4e 5d Answers 1 can’t 2 don’t have to 3 Oughtn’t I 4 mustn’t 5 shouldn’t 6 couldn’t E L D Answers 1 Her phone may/ might/could well be turned off. / Her phone must be turned off. 2 The video may/might/could well go viral. 3 The number of people with Internet access may/ could/might well keep growing. 4 We had better close the social media account. 5 He could/should have told me he would post that photo of me as a baby! 6 Do they have to brag about their children on social media? 7 Try as he might, he couldn’t get the hang of small talk. 8 Sociable though he may/might be, he prefers to spend time with one or two friends./ Sociable he may/might be, but he prefers to spend time with one or two friends 9 The manager can’t come to the phone right now. 10 Can I call you back? F Answers 1 can’t 2 could’ve 3 needn’t 4 well 5 be able to 6 to have G Answers 1 must have written 2 needn’t/mustn’t worry 3 might/may/could/must have got lost 4 couldn’t/can’t have been joking 5 must/should/ought to come, can’t/couldn’t/won’t H Answers can’t, obligation, oughtn’t to I Answers needn’t have, didn’t need to J Answers a I don’t dare to open the email in case it is infected. b Her online profile is misleading. Do I need to say more? c You don’t need to worry about me; I have a busy social life. d She doesn’t dare to comment for fear of offending someone. e Don’t you dare to read my diary! It’s private! Answers 1 can’t 2 shouldn’t 3 couldn’t 4 mustn’t 5 Ought not 6 needn’t/don’t have to M Answers 1 may/might/could 2 all 3 be 4 are 5 have/need/tend 6 might 7 able 8 not Listening A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers 1 I think you already know that no language is straightforward. It goes without saying that no language is straightforward. Naturally, no language is straightforward. 2 For example / To give an example, Chinese is notoriously difficult to master. 3 There are, I think /-, thousands of words in the English language. 4 He speaks three languages, still / but you know, that’s not uncommon there. 5 By the way / I forgot to tell you, I met someone yesterday who knows you. 6 In fact / In actual fact / I’d like to point out / To be honest, learning sign language isn’t as hard as people think. 7 They didn’t know the language, but they enjoyed the trip in spite of that / despite that / all the same. 8 It’s hard to say which language is more difficult; I mean / you know, they are both hard. 9 To be frank / Frankly / I have to admit /confess, I don’t understand this text. 10 The message is a bit vague; what I mean is / how can I put it? / basically I’ve no idea what it means 14 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 14 11/17/17 10:33 AM E 3 your experiences using social media, the reasons why some people use social media, and an assessment of the future impact of social media 4 probably five: introduction, one each for the points to be discussed, and a conclusion Answers 1B 2C 3C 4A 5D Speaking E A Answers Students’ own answers Answers Students’ own answers B F Answers Tick 2, 4, 6, 1 Inversion: Nor do I wish to … 3 Passive voice: be bombarded with, is generated by the user 5 Cleft sentences: What it must never do 7 Emotive, subjective language: truly annoying Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers E G Answers Students’ own answers Answers Tick 1, 4, 5 Ideas Focus Suggested answers 1 People who are normal in real life seem to change personality online. 4 I am not a fan of social networking and therefore avoid it. 5 What kind of person checks his social media account countless/dozens of times a day/endlessly? Answers Students’ own answers Writing: a letter (1) A Answers Letter for publication Article for magazine Essay for teacher ✓ the most formal ✓ the least formal has a greeting ✓ has an ending ✓ can have first-person sentences ✓ explains reason for writing ✓ ✓ B Answers 1c 2a 3b 4c C Answers 1 Formal: Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mrs Jones, Dear Editor, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully; Informal: Hi Oliver, All the best 2 Dear Mrs Jones, Yours sincerely / because you know her (name) 3 Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Editor, Yours faithfully / because you don’t know them or their name D Answers 1 the impact of social media on our lives 2 no 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 15 Useful Expressions H Suggested answers Dear Sir, I would like to give my views on the benefits of social media. Many articles and research papers have been written on the adverse effects of the medium, but I believe there are a number of positive aspects to its use. Personally, I use social media to keep in touch with friends and family who live far away. I enjoy receiving their news and updates as it brings me closer to them despite the distance that separates us. In addition, social media has enabled me to make contact with long-lost friends from school. Being able to reconnect with an old friend is a wonderful thing, and I have social media to thank for it. Were it not for social media, many people who live in isolation would be cut off from the rest of society. Those who are house-bound due to illness or family circumstances need an outlet, and social media provides this. They can stay in contact with friends or family elsewhere, or even use social media as a way to have some harmless fun and break up the boredom or drudgery of their lives. Going forward, what I see is a continued role of social media in my life. As I plan to travel extensively in the future, social media will enable me to keep my family informed of my movements, and share with them the places that I intend to visit. Social media will also play a role in my career once I complete my studies and enter the workforce. Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 15 11/17/17 10:33 AM Social media is unparalleled as a means of staying in touch with loved ones, and reestablishing contact with friends from the past. In addition, it is a godsend for the isolated and lonely. It serves a very useful purpose as long as it doesn’t become the epicentre of one’s existence. Yours faithfully, Jane Barkin Video 4 Elephant Alert Before you watch A Answers 1b 2c 3d 4a B Answers India. Text messages can warn people that elephants are in the area. While you watch C Answers 1 T (00:01) 2 T (00:12) 3 F (00:46) 4 T (01:15) 5 T (01:50) 6 F (03:00) After you watch D B Answers 9 under 10 get/keep 11 are 12 can’t/cannot 13 all 14 have/need 15 chances 16 can C Answers 17 unjust 18 benevolent 19 unlawful 20 dominant 21 activists 22 brutal 23 diverse 24 detractors D Answers 25 have no option but to cancel 26 doesn’t dare quit for fear of/dare not quit for fear of 27 to get hold of Faye 28 get all the work done 29 may not have checked 30 gets along famously with 5 If At First You Don’t Succeed … Reading Answers 1 roaming 2 common 3 scattered 4 preventable 5 sufficient 6 warning 7 bulk 8 cautious 9 accidental 10 primary A Ideas Focus D Answers Students’ own answers Review 2 (Units 3 & 4) Grammar Revision A Answers 1D 2C 3A 4B 5A 6C 7B 8D 16 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 16 Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers They keep them off the streets and provide supervision. Answers 1D 2G 3E 4A 5F 6C 7H Paragraph B is not needed. E Answers 1c 2e 3a 4f 5b 6d Vocabulary A Answers 1 mean, inspiration 2 determination, broken 11/17/17 10:33 AM 3 aspiration, fast 4 high, perseverance 5 rough, prevalence 6 bleak, adversity 7 dashed, fulfillment 8 setback, dampen B Answers 1d 2e 3b 4a 5f 6c C Answers 1 initiative 2 ineptness 3 attainment 4 recognition 5 anguish 6 backbone 7 aptitude 8 lethargy D Answers 1f 2h 3e 4a 5c 6g 7d 8b E Answers 1 fell in with 2 got caught up in 3 write them off 4 slipped up 5 held him back 6 think ahead 7 set out 8 leapt at F Answers 1 went 2 plucked 3 throw 4 making 5 stand 6 got 7 fell 8 blew 9 hold 10 pick G Answers 1b 2c 3f 4e 5d 6a Ideas Focus H Answers 1 turned over a new leaf 2 was sucked in by 3 bigging himself up 4 sort your life out 5 a leopard never changes its spots 6 putting yourself down I Answers 1 in 2 In 3 to 4 in 5 on 6 around 7 at J Answers 1D 2C 3A 4B 5C 6A 7D 8B Grammar A Ian’s dad was an alcoholic and his mum abandoned him. He got involved with a gang. He didn’t have a strong male role model. He felt worthless. Potential employers can’t trust him, so they don’t give him work. He has a criminal record, so he will have difficulties finding a job. He has not been given a second chance. He needs support and more opportunities to change. B Answers unless means if not as long as/provided that mean on condition that supposing means what if or imagine if given means if Ian is given (this is the past participle of the verb) C Answers 1 If they had caught the ringleader, they would have arrested him. If they caught the ringleader, they would arrest him. 2 correct 3 correct 4 If she had known that she was making a mistake, she would never have agreed. 5 correct 6 correct D Answers 1 would reoffend/would have reoffended 2 Were … ask, would say 3 is recognised, should not be approached 4 Had … been, would have used 5 had not intervened, would have escalated 6 will be released, behaves E Suggested answers If Max’s parents hadn’t been rich, they wouldn’t have sent him to the best private school. If he hadn’t gone to this school, he might not have got good grades. If he hadn’t got good grades, he wouldn’t have got into a top university. If he hadn’t graduated from university, he wouldn’t have expected to find a good job. If his mum’s friend hadn’t helped him, he wouldn’t have found a job in a multinational company. He wouldn’t have got where he is today if he hadn’t had a lot of help. Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 17 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 17 11/17/17 10:33 AM F Answers 1 Supposing 2 Would 3 what if 4 Would 5 given 6 Were you 7 On condition 8 Whether G Answers 1 If she’s talking to her best friend, she’ll be on the phone for ages. (She’s talking to her best friend so…) 2 If she’d been lying about the accident, I would’ve known. (She wasn’t lying) 3 If she drove without a licence, she’d be breaking the law. (To drive without a licence is breaking the law) 4 If you’re trying to get a job, make sure you get good references. (You are trying to get a job, so…) 5 If she said she liked him, she would be lying. (She doesn’t like him) 6 If she hadn’t made one mistake, she wouldn’t have been hiding for years. (She made a mistake, so she has been hiding) H Answers 1 The if-clause relates to the past. The main clause relates to the present. 2 The if-clause relates to the present. The main clause relates to the past. I Answers going to, will/would, might, must J Answers 1 To learn Russian, you have to learn a new alphabet. 2 Please take a seat and I’ll call you in a minute. 3 Might I make a suggestion? I think we should take a break. 4 When you forget her name, she’s bound to be upset. 5 Unless you say something to him, I shall! 6 Don’t say anything, unless you can say something nice! K Answers Students’ own answers People write their goals and aspirations on a bucket list, for example things to do, places to visit, challenges to overcome. Students’ own answers B Answers 1c 2d 3e 4b 5a 6f The expressions in 1-6 are more informal. C Answers a her bucket list b fear of trying c you’ve tried it d follow the crowd e anyone else’s f pottery F Answers 1 fear of heights 2 last 3 terrified 4 run a marathon 5 raising money 6 classic novel 7 surprises 8 competition Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers B Suggested answers The analogy of life as a journey is quite a common one, both have twists and turns and different paths to take, with progress made along the way. Aspirations are not enough for success, but the idea is that if someone wants something enough, they are more likely to succeed. Both competition and ambition express a desire to be better; with competition, it is a desire to beat others, and ambition describes one’s own desire to succeed. C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus L Answers Students’ own answers Answers 1a 2d 3c 4b 5c 6a 7b 8a 9a 10b Writing: an essay (2) Listening A Answers A bucket list is a list of things to do before you die (from the idiom ‘kick the bucket’, which means ‘to die’). A Answers 1 COM: stupid and dull are synonyms. 2 CON: The joys of giving does not qualify who to help, whereas Charity begins at home is a very narrow view of who to help. 18 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 18 11/17/17 10:33 AM 3 CON: Golden opportunities is something positive, whereas Where dreams go to die is a negative/ pessimistic view. 4 COM: Global cooperation can only be a positive thing as is Revolutionising how we work. B Answers Contrasting 1 Golden opportunities 2 Where dreams go to die C Answers 1 realising one’s ambitions in a city; success and failure in a city, etc. 2 cities offer professional opportunities for ambitious people; competition is good because it helps people to learn and succeed 3 it’s tough living in a place where you don’t succeed; failure can lead to depression or crime D that this is flawed. It argues that a trouble-free life filled with leisure is no substitute for the things that bring real happiness, the most important of which is friendship. The text notes that friends can be relied on to give a hand whenever it is needed. It also makes the claim that the wealthy can never truly know if their friends like them for themselves or for their money. I am inclined to agree with the views expressed in the second text. It has become obvious that greed is rampant, and that wealth is considered more important than health or friendship, for example. All in all, it seems to me that wealth can bring a measure of happiness, but it is no substitute for friendship. Video 5 Surviving Deadly Everest Before you watch A Answers 1 suggests, asserts, argues, proposes, puts forward the idea 2 I am inclined to agree …; There is no doubt in my mind 3 Nevertheless, it should be noted that … Answers A Climbing boots and crampons are essential for gripping snow and preventing climbers from slipping. B Oxygen cylinders are a safety device, to prevent symptoms of oxygen starvation at high altitudes. C A Sherpa guide is a member of a native tribe, who knows the area and helps climbers by transporting supplies. D A satellite phone allows communication where there is no terrestrial mobile network so that climbers can communicate with the outside world and get weather information. F While you watch Answers It isn’t always healthy and it can result in unscrupulous behaviour. / It is intense due to so many people vying for the same career opportunities E Answers 1 bring 2 give 3 trigger 4 lead 5 result Useful Expressions G Suggested answers The two passages explore the concept of what brings happiness, but with contrasting views. The first text states that happiness is something that can be bought. It suggests that material possessions such as luxurious residences and expensive cars, as well as experiences such as frequent holidays, are enough to make people happy. Furthermore, it states that if these have been acquired through hard work, they are deserved rewards. In addition, it argues that if these trappings of wealth are a cause for envy, then those who are envious should consider working hard themselves for the same benefits. As I see it, not all wealth is accrued honestly or through hard work, and when it is flaunted as well, it naturally causes ire. It should also be noted that not everyone has the opportunity to get ahead in life, no matter how hard they work. The second text expresses the view that people are increasingly equating wealth with happiness and B Answers 1 claimed (00:23) 2 notorious (00:35) 3 gear (02:12) 4 off guard (02:51) 5 sea (04:01) 6 oncoming (04:51) After you watch C Answers 1 ultimate 2 blizzard 3 adjust 4 base 5 monitor 6 ceremony 7 altitudes 8 supply 9 disorientation 10 summit Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 19 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 19 11/17/17 10:33 AM 6 Made of Money Reading A Answers 1d 2c 3b 4a B Answers Students’ own answers C Suggested Answers It was a miserable life without love or care. Hunger was a constant in his life. D Answers A copper is a large copper container for cooking food or boiling water E Answers 1C 2B 3D 4A 5B 6D F Answers 1 sage 2 implicitly 3 paupers 4 temerity 5 stupefied 6 At length 7 countenance 8 compose Vocabulary A Answers 1 offset 2 maximise 3 reimbursed 4 valued 5 financing 6 squandered 7 compensate 8 incurred 9 soared 10 gambles B Answers 1 bribery 2 stimulus 3 chancellor 4 merger 5 heir 6 concessions 7 mortgage 8 misuse C Answers 1 expensive 2 broke 3 bribe 4 miser 5 money 6 bureaucracy D Answers 1 wanting 2 thrifty 3 well-kept 4 aboveboard 5 spendthrift E Answers 1 aboveboard 2 thrifty 3 wanting 4 spendthrift 5 well-kept F Answers 1g 2c 3a 4h 5b 6e 7f 8d G Answers 1 corner 2 egg 3 resort 4 lane 5 side 6 bet 7 red 8 line H Answers 1R 2R 3P 4R 5P 6P 7P 8R I Answers formal = idigent, affluent possible others could include: loaded (rich), hard-up (poor) K Answers 1B 2C 3A 4D 5B 6C 7A 8D Grammar A Answers 1 Not until 2 Never 3 Hardly 4 Under no circumstances 20 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 20 11/17/17 10:33 AM 5 Not one 6 No sooner a In sentences 3 and 6, Hardly and No sooner mean the same. b Not until is followed by inversion in the main clause. c Alternative negative adverbs: 1 Scarcely had he received his salary than he paid the bills. 2 Seldom did they manage to save any money. 3 No sooner had the money been deposited than it was withdrawn. 4 Never should you tell anyone your PIN. 5 In no way could the accountant give a reason for the lack of funds. 6 Hardly had the money been deposited than it was withdrawn. B Answers 1 d 2 e 3, 6 c 4 a 5 b C Answers inversion, start, formal, main D Answers 1 T 2 T 3 T E Answers 1 Little 2 No sooner/Barely 3 On no account 4 Only after 5 Not once 6 Not only 7 Barely/No sooner 8 Only if 9 Only after 10 Not once F Answers 1 had … begun 2 have … spent 3 has received/receives 4 had … accepted 5 did … show 6 does … condone G Answers Students should tick sentences a-f. Sentences g and h are incorrect. only, unreal, would, not H Answers 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 c I Answers Unreal past are 3 and 6 J Answers 1 paid 2 learnt 3 had made 4 had better 5 would stop 6 rather 7 hadn’t 8 owns K Answers 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 c L Answers 1 hadn’t fallen out 2 had bought 3 acting 4 is 5 weren’t 6 got M Answers 1 no account should you 2 until another decade had passed, did 3 he wishes he hadn’t bought 4 no stage/point/time did the manager discuss 5 sooner have you paid by debit card than / sooner have you used a/your debit card than Listening A Answers Students’ own answers e.g. differences between real and digital money: real money is coins and notes that you can hold in your hands, digital money only exists in electronic form. Difference between paper money and gold: paper money can become devalued easily, gold can change in value but is less volatile. Paper money can be printed and lead to devaluation as seen in prewar Germany and more recently in Zimbabwe. Alternative currencies like bitcoin are popular with some because transactions Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 21 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 21 11/17/17 10:33 AM are fast and anonymous. Alternative currencies are on the rise where money is short or because people want to keep money inside a country or local community. Alternative currencies include digital currencies, time banks, bartering and local or community currencies. D B Answers 1 Yes. The writer has addressed one specific question about the drawbacks of money. 2 There are 2 main paragraphs. The first deals with societal problems money causes, and the second looks at its negative effects on individuals. 3 The French Revolution as an example of social unrest; the problems faced by lottery winners. 4 ‘The most serious of these is the redistribution of wealth.’ where ‘these’ refers back to ‘significant drawbacks’ in the introduction. / ‘Not only can money cause problems at the societal level, but it can ruin individual lives.’ which refers back to the societal problems in the second paragraph. 5 Yes Answers 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 f 6 e D Answers Task 1 1 D 2 G 3 C 4 B 5 E Task 2 6 C 7 B 8 E 9 H 10 D Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers D Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: an essay (3) Answers A Answers 1b 2c 3a B Answers 1b 2a C Answers In what situations can money create problems; Can the amounts be justified or not Students’ own answers Answers Students’ own answers E F Answers 1 money management 2 basic necessities 3 social unrest 4 class divisions 5 little luxuries G Suggested answer More and more people are travelling. While tourism can bring many economic and social benefits, particularly in rural areas and developing countries, mass tourism is also associated with negative effects. Tourism can cause change or loss of local culture, identity and values. One effect of tourism is that destinations become standardised in order to satisfy tourists’ desires for familiar facilities. While accommodation, food and drinks must meet the tourists’ desire for the new and unfamiliar, they must at the same time not be too new or strange because few tourists are actually looking for completely new things. Tourists often look for recognisable facilities in an unfamiliar environment, like well-known fast-food restaurants and hotel chains. The result is that a popular destination in one country may differ little from an equally popular destination in another country. When that happens, the local identity has changed. Another impact of tourism is that local cultures are turned into commodities when customs, traditions and festivals are changed to conform to tourist expectations. Once a destination is sold as a tourism product, and the tourism demand for souvenirs, arts, entertainment and other commodities begins to exert influence, basic changes in human values may occur. Sacred sites and objects may not be respected when they are perceived as goods to trade. Finally, because tourism involves social relations between people who would not normally meet, cultural clashes can take place as a result of differences in 22 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 22 11/17/17 10:33 AM values and lifestyles. Such cultural clashes may further arise through economic inequality. Many tourists come from countries that are more prosperous than their destination. They go there seeking pleasure, spending large amounts of money and sometimes behaving in ways that even they would not accept at home. One effect is that local people may develop a sort of copying behaviour, as they want to live and behave in the same way. They reject their own culture in order to emulate the new one. To sum up, while the positive impacts of tourism can create prosperity for a region, these are offset by its very negative influences on cultural identity and traditional ways of life. Video 6 Alaskan Money Laundering Before you watch A Answers ‘Money laundering’ is the process of making illegallygained money appear legal. B Suggested Answers The money has been burnt. Perhaps there was house fire. It probably doesn’t have any value. However, in the US, if more than half the money is unmutilated, it can be posted to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to be redeemed. C Answers 1 T (00:06) 2 T (00:26) 3 F (00:41) 4 F (00:47) 5 T (00:21) 6 F (00:51) D Answers 1 rural 2 distinguishable 3 intact 4 salvage 5 charred 6 stack 7 initial 8 tragic 9 laundering 10 mile Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Review 3 (Units 5 & 6) Grammar Revision A Answers 1B 2A 3D 4A 5C 6B 7D 8C B Answers 9 pick 10 in 11 only 12 set 13 Such 14 So 15 Provided 16 happen C Answers 17 implicitly 18 adversity 19 prevalence 20 currency 21 privileged 22 unrest 23 failure 24 opulent D Answers 25 Had it not been for his sister/Had he not been dissuaded by his sister 26 would rather he studied 27 had taken your advice, I wouldn’t be 28 No sooner had she inherited the money than 29 Only if you are employed will you 30 on condition that 7 Distant Shores Reading A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers People do it because it makes them feel good, not just because they’re a kind, giving soul. C Answers A: this will depend on overall meaning B: this will depend on overall meaning C: One last thing (after a number of other things) D: There is also E: this will depend on overall meaning F: what you’re buying, too G: Isn’t this H: Yes, that’s right (in answer to a query/question) Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 23 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 23 11/17/17 10:33 AM D G Answers 1B 2G 3D 4A 5F 6C 7H (paragraph E is not needed) Answers 1 whim 2 ear 3 tip 4 drop 5 bucket 6 spur 7 riot 8 stone’s E Answers 1 put one over on me 2 made a huge dent in 3 add insult to injury 4 took the plunge 5 off the beaten path Vocabulary A Answers 1 oddity 2 wonder 3 marvel 4 spectacle 5 rarity 6 phenomenon B Answers 1 deciding 2 desired 3 dim 4 educated 5 narrow 6 prime 7 sharp 8 strong C Answers 1 influx 2 injection 3 spelt 4 long-lasting 5 diversity 6 picturesque 7 drain 8 short-sighted D Answers 1b 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a E Answers 1d 2f 3e 4b 5h 6c 7a 8g F Answers 1 tranquillity 2 sparsely 3 vaccinations 4 detrimental 5 phenomenal 6 unsustainable 7 devastation 8 provincial H Answers 1c 2b 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8a Grammar A Answers 1 gradable adjectives: serious, radical, late, difficult / ungradable adjectives: essential, right 2 adverbs used with gradable adjectives: extremely, a bit, quite 3 adverbs used with ungradable adjectives: absolutely, quite 4 ‘quite’ meaning ‘absolutely’: quite + right 5 ‘quite’ meaning ‘fairly’: quite + difficult 6 ‘too’ with ‘only’ meaning ‘more than expected’: only too often 7 ‘too’ meaning ‘more than is desirable’: too late B Answers 1 tired 2 tired 3 tired 4 exhausted 5 tired and exhausted 6 tired and exhausted 7 tired C Answers slightly tired a little tired / a bit tired rather tired / somewhat tired / fairly tired moderately tired / pretty tired very tired / really tired / terribly tired quite exhausted / pretty exhausted / really exhausted utterly exhausted / completely exhausted absolutely exhausted D Answers Ungradable, adverbs, gradable, tired, ugly, good E Answers 1 the prices of the tickets are reasonable, i.e. not too expensive 2 there is a dramatic (i.e. very clear) difference between these and other solutions 3 dilemmas that are almost impossible to solve 4 it is surprising how few difficulties 24 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 24 11/17/17 10:33 AM 5 it is understandable that viewers are shocked 6 the hikers are lost to the point of possibly never being found F Answers 1f 2a 3d 4e 5c 6b G Answers 1 completely worried really/very/extremely/incredibly/ terribly worried 2 Correct 3 Correct 4 very ridiculous absolutely/completely/utterly ridiculous 5 slightly ruined completely/totally/utterly/absolutely/ really/virtually ruined H Answers 1 an unbelievably successful conservation programme 2 a surprisingly resilient species 3 an understandably shy creature 4 a stunningly beautiful fish 5 deeply disturbing statistics 6 a dreadfully wasteful lifestyle I Answers 1 painfully 2 considerably 3 enormously 4 quite 5 hugely 6 extremely 7 partly 8 perfectly J Answers a Almost, virtually and practically are used with a negative verb/situation. b Hardly, barely and scarcely have a negative meaning. K Answers before, after, after L Answers 1a the concerned members = the members who are concerned (worried) 1b the members concerned = the members who the issue concerns/relates to 2a a rather long and involved explanation = overcomplicated 2b the organisations involved include local conservationists = the organisations that are involved 3a the present situation = the current situation 3b the people present at the meeting = people who are attending the meeting 4a the proper way to deal with the problem = the correct way 4b after the foothills the mountain proper starts = the real mountain 5a humans are responsible for climate change = are to blame for 5b a responsible person would not waste energy = sensible/mature M Answers 1 Hardly 2 almost 3 Virtually 4 serious 5 hungrily 6 tourists responsible N Answers 1 almost/nearly 2 greatest/biggest 3 no 4 most 5 too 6 as/so 7 horn 8 possible Listening A Answers 1a 2c 3d 4e 5b 6f B Suggested answers 1 Of course. Sure. Certainly. I’ll get on to it soon. As soon as I get a chance. It’s a priority. 2 Sorry, I can’t help. I haven’t the vaguest/foggiest/least idea. Oh, I wish I could help. Well, you could try the supermarket. The market might stock it. You might try checking the Internet. 3 I haven’t got round to it, I’ve been too busy. I’ve been meaning to do it. Oh, dear! I completely forgot about it. It just slipped my mind. I thought you said you’d fix it! 4 Be my guest! No, go (right) ahead! Of course not. You might as well. 5 Of course you can. That’s perfectly OK. Yes, no problem. Yes, which would you like? Yes, by all means. 6 Don’t ask me! Never heard of it. I think I have an idea. Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 25 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 25 11/17/17 10:33 AM I’d be lying if I said I did. Are you sure that’s a word? Better look it up! Something tells me it’s a bit like recycling. Isn’t it a kind of recycling? D Answers 1a 2a 3b 4c 5c 6c 7b 8a Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: an essay (4) A Answers 1EC 2SC 3EN 4EN 5EC 6SC B Answers Positive: 1, 4, 6 Negative: 2, 3, 5 C Answers 1 The quality of the environment is essential to tourism; it’s why people travel / tourism has negative impacts on the environment that it depends on. 2 Multinational companies in tourism, offering allinclusive packages / this is bad for local businesses and should be strictly regulated. 3 Both texts are about (negative aspects/impacts of) tourism; the first text mentions infrastructure construction (including hotels and resorts) and the second text mentions all-inclusive packages at hotels and resorts. 4 No. 5 Yes, they are both about some negative aspects of tourism. D Answers The writer suggests that multinationals should only employ local staff at their hotels and resorts. E Answers 1 that is to say 2 thereby 3 In the final analysis F Answers 1 Notwithstanding 2 yet 3 by the same token 4 inasmuch as 5 albeit 6 what with G Suggested answers The passages look at some of the positive effects of tourism on the environment and on living standards. The first text begins with the observation that tourism is linked to the declining quality in areas of natural beauty, in particular, coastal areas. This is in reference to the over-development of popular island and seaside destinations such as those found in the Mediterranean region. However, it points out that their popularity can lead to an increased awareness of the need to protect them with the establishment of protected areas that will guarantee their continued existence. While I can appreciate the logic of the argument, for the most part the damage has already been done by the time any plans to create marine and wildlife parks are made. The second text argues that tourism leads to an improvement in the standard of living for local residents. In order to attract and satisfy tourists, investments are made in facilities and services that everyone benefits from. These include vital services such as health care centres and hospitals, improved public transport, sport and leisure facilities, restaurants and pubic spaces. It cannot be denied that in comparison to places that are not tourist destinations, popular holiday spots offer the local residents a wider range of facilities and services that can significantly improve standards of living. Overall, it would appear that tourism can have some positive impacts for the environment, though these tend to be cancelled out by over-development. On the other hand, improvements to the standard of living are an obvious benefit. Video 7 Reef Cleaner Before you watch A Answers The equipment is used for fishing. There are fishing hooks, fishing line and rope. Sometimes it can get left behind in the sea and trap marine life. While you watch B Answers 1 hazard (00:06) 2 sponges (00:36) 3 utilised (00:47) 4 footprints (00:53) 5 snagged (01:10) 6 shears (01:19) 26 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 26 11/17/17 10:33 AM After you watch C Answers 1 discarded 2 pose 3 entangled 4 clear 5 break down 6 perform 7 accumulated 8 bring up 9 cut out 10 support Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers 8 Knowledge is Power Reading A Answers Students’ own answers, but a Mickey Mouse degree is a university degree that is considered to have no practical use, and one which will not lead to employment for those who earn it, or if the degree did at one time have value, it no longer does due to becoming over-popular. B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers They all mention work/employment/jobs. D Answers 1B 2D 3C 4A 5D 6E 7A 8B 9C 10E E Answers 1 in sync with 2 crying out for 3 state of affairs 4 had the last laugh 5 pale in comparison with 6 a means to an end Vocabulary A Answers 1 indicator 2 paper 3 critical 4 fundamental 5 scholarly 6 argument 7 matter 8 bibliography 9 appendix 10 methodology 11 data 12 discipline 13 plagiarism 14 acknowledgement 15 hypothesis B Answers 1 intimate 2 formidable 3 reasoning 4 supplementary 5 receptive 6 Positing 7 intelligible 8 applying C Answers 1c 2a 3b 4a 5c 6b D Answers 1 on 2 by 3 round 4 towards 5 off 6 at 7 up 8 in E Answers 1 on 2 In 3 on 4 in 5 in 6 On 7 In 8 on 9 on 10 In F Answers 1 ropes 2 same page 3 subject 4 bell 5 hard way 6 books 7 lines 8 book 9 act 10 hands Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 27 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 27 11/17/17 10:33 AM G Answers 1 attended 2 chosen 3 conducted 4 cited 5 compile 6 refer/referred 7 detailing 8 submission H Answers 1 curriculums/curricula 2 exemplified 3 standardised 4 disciplinary 5 disrespectfully 6 repetition 7 assimilation 8 phenomena Grammar A Answers Example answers in parentheses 1 b (urge, order) 2 a (threaten, refuse) 3 d (tell, advise) 4 c (say, mention) B Answers 1, 2 and 3 exclude the speaker 4 and 5 include the speaker When the speaker is included the reporting verb is followed by a gerund, but when the speaker is excluded the reporting verb is followed by that + (should) + bare infinitive C Answers should, should, suggest, gerund D Answers 1 herself not to panic during the exam 2 her students (should) arrive early for the exam 3 to help him with his revision 4 Sue (should) turn off the music while she was studying 5 having a party after the exams / that they should have a party after the exams 6 him not to worry/he shouldn’t worry … him everything would be fine E Answers 1 are not (allowed) to/ must /may not bring mobile phones to class 2 should focus on exam grades 3 am leaving at the end of the/this year 4 will buy you a new phone if you pass your exams 5 will be punished 6 won’t help you cheat F Answers verb + gerund verb+ preposition + gerund verb + object + preposition + gerund admit admit to accuse sb of den apologise for congratulate sb on describe complain about / of mention insist on G Answers same, not, reported, not, if, whether H Answers 1 accused 2 enquired/inquired/asked/complained 3 denied 4 admitted (to) 5 congratulated 6 insisted 7 apologised 8 complained I Answers 1b 2a 3d 4b 5a 6c 7a 8b 9c 10b Listening A Answers In the photo, the young people are probably teaching the elderly woman how to use a computer. Students’ own answers B Answers 1 incorrect grammar 2 incorrect grammar 3 incorrect punctuation 4 incorrect spelling 5 incorrect grammar 6 incorrect grammar C Answers 1 research 2 children’s 3 pupils 4 developed 5 accurately 6 to understand D Answers 1c 2d 3b 4e 5a 28 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 28 11/17/17 10:33 AM G 4 accessible 5 objectives 6 tutor 7 rapport 8 insight Answers 1 a solitary person 2 learning through teaching 3 understanding 4 learning 5 first-born children 6 virtual character 7 thoroughly 8 emotionally F Speaking Suggested answer Beginners’ Italian A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: a report (1) A Answers Students should tick 1 (a superior), 3 (a peer group), 5 (attending a course or a conference) and 8 (recommendation) B Answers 1 a Shakespeare course 2 (fellow) college students 3 to describe the experience of attending the course 4 William Shakespeare course (suggested title) 5 5 – introduction, content, organisation, atmosphere, conclusion 6 4 – describe, evaluate, assess, give a recommendation C Answers Each session/class should be slightly longer D Answers 1 Yes 2 Yes 3 Yes 4 Yes Answers Students’ own answers G Introduction The aim of this report is to describe and evaluate the 6-week Beginners’ Italian course that I attended in June and July, as well as assess its usefulness and give some recommendations. Content The course aimed to instruct students in the basics of the Italian language. Classes covering the fundamentals of the language were held every morning between 9 am and 1 pm. I found these to be very thorough and, though intensive, were in no way tiring. Following a break for lunch, the cultural awareness classes were held. These covered Italian history, art, architecture and cuisine, and were extremely informative and enjoyable. Teaching facilities The classes were held in bright, modern tutorial rooms that were equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, including interactive whiteboards with video capability. The videos, in particular, were of high quality and high definition, and extremely helpful in learning conversational Italian. As for the cultural awareness classes, these were particularly enjoyable. They were often held in museums and galleries, while the cuisine classes took place in local Italian restaurants where we learnt about different regional dishes and culinary customs. Extracurricular activities Evening and weekend activities were optional, and were arranged by the university. All tastes were catered for as the activities covered a wide range of interests from sports to cinema, theatre and day trips to places of interest. Attendance was high due to the fact that the activities were well planned and organised. Conclusion In conclusion, I believe anyone attending this course will find it enjoyable and a good first step in learning Italian. The intensive nature of the course may not appeal to everyone, so I would suggest an alternative course of eight weeks’ tuition that would be at a slightly slower pace. E Answers 1 approach 2 novel 3 bring to life Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 29 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 29 11/17/17 10:33 AM Video 8 Environmental Theme Park Before you watch A Answers Students’ own answers While you watch B Answers 1 T (00:44) 2 T (00:53) 3 F (01:31) 4 T (01:45) 5 F (01:58) 6 T (00:25) After you watch C Answers 1 objective 2 impact 3 solution 4 economy 5 movement 6 power 7 mentorship 8 warming 9 extinction 10 lack Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers 19 rarity 20 picturesque 21 sparsely 22 practically 23 detrimental 24 indicators D Answers 25 reminded him not to let his 26 insisted on them/their leaving / insisted that they leave 27 not to go through with 28 are not quite sure/certain 29 congratulated me on (writing) 30 a stone’s throw from / a short distance from 9 Flying the Nest Reading A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers pregnancy-related death D Answers by singing and dancing with the tribe E Review 4 (Units 7 & 8) Answers Text 1: 1A 2A 3B 4D Text 2: 5D 6B 7A 8C Grammar Revision F A Answers 1 union 2 deference 3 norm 4 ritual 5 span 6 manifestation 7 burden 8 ranks Answers 1D 2A 3D 4C 5B 6A 7D 8B B Answers 9 face 10 practically/virtually 11 What 12 no 13 state 14 most 15 in 16 on C Answers 17 seemingly 18 diversity Vocabulary A Answers 1 lease 2 utilities 3 let 4 references 5 tenant 6 upfront 30 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 30 11/17/17 10:33 AM 7 ears 8 free 7 landlord 8 deposit 9 eviction 10 tenancy 11 sublet 12 agency G B Grammar Answers 1b 2d 3a 4c 5d 6a 7c 8b Answers 1 granted 2 resigned from 3 early retirement 4 manual 5 absence 6 nominate 7 match 8 downtime A Answers 1b 2d 3a 4c In sentence a that can replace the relative pronoun without other changes. B Answers Sentence b means there were other tenants who did not damage the property. Sentence a means all the tenants damaged the property. C Answers 1 neutral 2 emancipated 3 liberated 4 sovereign 5 autonomous 6 enfranchised 7 self-sufficient 8 independent C Answers whom, many of/some of, five D Answers Sentence c is incorrect because the participle clause (covered in books) refers to the same subject as the main clause (Sarah). It implies that Sarah herself was covered in books (rather than her desk)! D Answers verb noun dismiss dismissal dispense entitle adjective (in)dispensable entitlement hierarchy hierarchical (im)maturity Mature, immature mediocrity mediocre obligate obligation obligatory orientate orientation E Answers 1 The students who are standing in the queue want to open a bank account. 2 The money which was paid into the account was just enough to live on. 3 Sarah studied at the desk, which was covered in books. the same, an active, a passive F 1 hierarchical 2 immaturity 3 orientation 4 indispensable 5 mediocrity 6 obligatory 7 entitlement 8 dismissal Answers 1 The aunt from whom they borrowed the money was a millionaire. 2 The couple who didn’t meet their mortgage repayments had to move in with relatives. 3 The student couldn’t understand the rental agreement that he had to sign. 4 Any students who are not able to cook for themselves should choose catered halls. E G Answers 1d 2g 3a 4h 5b 6e 7c 8f Answers 1 Our new flatmates love practising the guitar at all hours, which can be quite annoying. 2 We met some fellow students, the majority of whom are second years. 3 She looked at two flats, neither of which she liked. 4 Any applications submitted late will not be accepted. 5 The children making a noise were asked to be quiet. 6 The noise made by the builders gave the occupants a headache. F Answers 1 strike 2 fend 3 pull 4 burn 5 thrown 6 devices Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 31 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 31 11/17/17 10:33 AM H Answers 1 This is a first class university, which track record is second to none. 2 He was living alone for the first time, that was quite a challenge. 3 The woman to whom you talked to was the landlady. 4 Which is the room you live? 5 We met a lot of neighbours, most of which came to the housewarming. 6 This is the girl whose sharing a room with you. 7 There are some adults who’s parents still treat them like children. 8 The students sat in the canteen were having a break. Corrections 1 whose 2 which 3 to whom you talked (delete to) or who you talked to 4 live in 5 whom 6 who’s 7 whose 8 sitting I Answers 1d 2b 3c 4a 5a 6c J Answers 1 Liz was extremely knowledgeable. As a result, she impressed the interview panel. 2 In order not to look too young, Jack grew a beard. 3 Parents often give their children advice – although the children never take it. 4 Due to all the pressures of being independent, student life is quite stressful. 5 Because of his outstanding academic performance, he was offered a scholarship. 6 However much he loves his parents, he prefers to live alone. K Answers 1e 2a 3b 4d 5c L Answers 1 Given the right circumstances, I would quit my job, sell my house and start a new life abroad. 2 Having been asked to leave the family home, James moved in with some friends. 3 Wondering why he was late, she checked her phone continuously for new messages. 4 After seeing the house of our dreams, we put in an offer at the full asking price. 5 Having been given the job in Norway, he signed up for Norwegian lessons and put his house on the market. M Answers 1 Helping 2 covering 3 ranging 4 managing 5 making 6 Included 7 led 8 given 9 considering 10 dealing N Answers 1 whose features include 2 Not having managed 3 In view of rising/higher tuition fees / In view of a/the rise in tuition fees 4 almost none/hardly any of whom 5 Not having been taken care of Listening A Answers 1 apron strings 2 manoeuvre 3 deposit 4 etiquette 5 code 6 notice 7 squatter 8 mortgage B Answers 1a 2b C Answers 1b 2b 3a 4c 5c 6a Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: an article (2) A Answers Students’ own answers, but it could be argued that 1, 3 and 5 are from an article as they are personal and informal in tone and content; sentences 2 and 4 are more formal and thus more likely to be from an essay. 32 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 32 11/17/17 10:33 AM B Answers 1 informal 2 no (the task states that you should ‘describe your experience’, so it must be factual from the point of view of the writer; however, explain to students that they can make up their own ‘factual’ experience – they can pretend to have moved out of home) 3 3; describe moving out, explain what you learnt from the experience, say how it helped you to develop as a person 4 anecdote, description, narration C Answers Students’ own answers D Answers 1 yes 2 Blowing your budget while living at home doesn’t carry the harsh consequences that follow when you live on your own … I adopted budgeting skills / I was able to become a better communicator and learnt how to resolve conflicts in all facets of my life / learn more about who I am as an individual, and prepared me for the many challenges of adulthood 3 the same style throughout 4 yes and yes E Answers speaking for myself, in my experience, I would say that F Suggested answer My first job I had spent my teenage years studying and doing volunteer work for an animal charity. The work was fulfilling and it gave me a sense of accomplishment. It was important to me that I could do something of value with my free time rather than fritter it away online or in front of the TV. However, it wasn’t my first ‘real’ job. That came a few years later, after I’d graduated. Having earned a degree in biology, I applied for various entry level positions as a biology technician. I was hired by a pharmaceutical company to conduct experiments and tests on products in development, and analyse the data. I worked alongside a team of other technicians who reported back to a biologist. The position enabled me to apply nearly all the skills I had cultivated during my undergraduate studies. I felt very fortunate compared to some friends who had studied in other disciplines, yet were unable to find employment in those fields. I only realised the effect this would have on my career later. Even though I was reporting to a higherup biologist, the position was stable and offered opportunities for advancement. If you can stick to your chosen field in terms of work, you can climb the career ladder and take on more demanding positions, with more responsibility and a higher salary of course. If you are unable to do so, you could find yourself with a long list of unrelated jobs. Personally, I believe it was a great first job. Working in a full-fledged lab taught me to pay careful attention to detail, and work efficiently as a member of a team. They are skills that I have been able to apply to other areas of my life. Video 9 Best Job Ever! Before you watch A Answers 1 Geologists study the Earth’s history as recorded in the rocks. 2 Caves contain interesting rock formations as well as mineral deposits. 3 Different mineral deposits give evidence of changing climate. 4 The history of climate change and its effect on the Earth can help make predictions for the future. While you watch B Answers 1 the moon 2 samples 3 deposited 4 record 5 remote 6 loose (00:04) (00:09) (00:12) (00:17) (00:22) (00:30) After you watch C Answers 1 find 2 remains 3 layers 4 rings 5 construct 6 climate 7 remoteness 8 field 9 exploration 10 desire Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers 10 Because You’re Worth It! Reading A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 33 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 33 11/17/17 10:33 AM C Answers They look like recommendations from a trusted friend. 4 manipulative 5 complimentary 6 fraudulent F D Answers 1c 2g 3e 4a 5h 6d 7f 8b Answers 1F 2A 3D 4H 5B 6G 7E Paragraph C is not needed. G Answers 1B 2A 3B 4D 5C 6D 7A 8B E Answers 1c 2d 3a 4e 5b 6f 7g Grammar Vocabulary A A Answers 1 U 2 U 3 C 4 C 5 U/C Answers 1 telemarketing 2 jingle 3 merchandising 4 infomercials 5 copy 6 materialism 7 demographics 8 billboards 9 momentum 10 caption B Answers paper, not, amount, number, fewer, less C Answers 1 or 2 can 3 else B Answers 1 classified 2 market 3 leaflet 4 prime 5 edition 6 trade D C Answers Attract Influence/Persuade Promote entice cajole endorse lure coax hype pull induce pitch tempt lobby push woo sway tout D Answers 1 equated 2 geared 3 driven 4 expense 5 accounts 6 amounts 7 essence 8 degree E Answers 1 charismatic 2 hypocritical 3 acquisition Answers 1 little 2 all 3 amount 4 fewer 5 number 6 Many 7 less 8 deal 9 much 10 few E Answers 1 A nobody B all 2 A something B nothing 3 A everything B anything 4 A someone B Anything 5 A a few, each B several, one F Answers 1 d 2 a 3 b, c 34 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 34 11/17/17 10:33 AM 4 e 5 b, c G Answers 1 d 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 e H Answers The advertisements, the ones, a child, the world, the problem, the medium, the message. a is used with child as it’s the first time this idea is mentioned. The is used with unique nouns, such as world; when something has been mentioned earlier, e.g. the ones, the problem; to talk generally, e.g. the medium, the message; with specific nouns, e.g. the advertisements. I Answers 1 A, a 2 3 An, the 4 5 the 6 -, the 7 8 -, the 9 a, a 10 the, the J Answers 1 themselves -> each other 2 itself -> themselves 3 us -> ourselves 4 each others -> each other’s 5 hers self -> herself K Answers 1 a 2 both 3 however 4 others 5 This 6 enough 7 anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody 8 amount Listening A Answers 1 disbelief 2 pride 3 frustration 4 regret 5 disappointment 6 concern B Answers 1 C 2 I 3 C 4 I 5 C 6 I D Answers Task 1 1 D 2 H 3 A 4 E 5 F Task 2 6 F 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 C Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers Suggested answer for first question: The photos in A show garment industry workers, most likely in an Asian sweatshop, and a Westerner shopping for clothes – the clothes the shopper is looking at may have been sewn in such a sweatshop. The photos in B show a child watching an ad for some sort of unhealthy, sweet snack and a child suffering toothache – the connection is that eating too many sweets will lead to tooth decay or other dental problems. B Answers Students’ own answers D Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: an article (3) A Answers 1C 2A 3B B Answers Students’ own answers Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 35 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 35 11/17/17 10:33 AM C Answers 1 Yes – money/economy, consumerism/advertising, environment 2 Students’ own answers 3 Escaping consumerism 4 4: an introduction and 3 main paragraphs to comment on the three points and conclude 5 Students’ own answers D Answers Students’ own answers E Answers 1 Yes, by discussing all three of the points in the task 2 Suggested answer - The narrative element adds a personal note to the article which makes it more interesting as people can probably identify with the character of Natalie or know someone who does. 3 semi-formal / more informal than formal style/tone; narrative about a friend, conversational, direct speech, contractions 4 Money/economy: bank balance, on sale, high price, credit, part with their cash, consumer, cost. Consumerism /advertising: must-have, manipulated, valued customers, advertisers, brands. Environment: landfill, raw materials, energy, discarded, disposable, one-time only use, wasteful excess. F Answers 1 blight 2 pie in the sky 3 psychologically obsolete 4 the toll on 5 take some doing Useful Expressions G Suggested answer My cousin Nick epitomizes today’s young adult. He’s studying at university, has a part-time job in an electrical appliances store and spends his weekends out and about with his circle of friends. Before Nick goes out, he carefully chooses a designer label shirt and jeans, trendy shoes and an expensive cologne. He grabs his latest model smartphone and heads out the door. Nick is actually quite a nice guy, but he has become the perfect example of today’s consumer, obsessed with the latest offerings by tech companies and designers. ‘But everyone’s doing it!’ he protests when I tease him about this. He fails to see that advertisers are manipulating him into thinking he actually needs status symbols in order to gain the respect of his friends and have any worth as a human being. Of course, that’s the hold that advertising has over people – it makes them think they’re inferior unless they buy this, that or the other. These anonymous advertisers and marketing experts have quite a nerve telling us we’re not thin, pretty, masculine, fragrant or popular enough. If a work colleague were to suggest such a thing – or worse – a teacher, they would be up before a disciplinary committee. It’s not fair to play on people’s insecurities; it’s akin to bullying and there are laws against that! A bit of knowledge does go a long way. If young people are made aware of the psychological ploys that advertisers use to make them part with their cash, and if they realise that advertisers see customers as commodities rather than the goods they’re selling, perhaps they will be better able to resist the pressure to spend, spend, spend! Video 10 Skateboards from Trash Before you watch A Answers 1 plastic paint buckets 2 in landfills 3 used to create part of the base While you watch B Answers 1 T (00:09) 2 T (00:15) 3 F (00:36) 4 F (01:09) 5 T (00:58) 6 T (01:16) After you watch C Answers 1 challenge 2 Inspiration 3 handmade 4 homebuilder 5 jobsite 6 upcycled 7 landfill 8 cost 9 empowerment 10 world Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Review 5 (Units 9 & 10) Grammar Revision A Answers 1C 2D 3B 4C 5A 6D 7A 8B 36 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 36 11/17/17 10:33 AM B Answers 9 what 10 where 11 little/nothing 12 whom 13 themselves 14 in 15 to 16 expense C Answers 17 unwitting 18 fraudulent 19 indispensable 20 obligatory 21 tantalisingly 22 manifestation 23 manipulative 24 consumption D Answers 25 leaves Emma to her own devices 26 am not at liberty to give 27 talked me into purchasing/buying 28 many of which 29 Not knowing where the building was 30 Having been chosen to fill the position 11 Say Cheese! Reading A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers Students’ own answers, although it could be argued that none of them can be objective if they have to follow an editorial line or the views of the media outlet’s owners. C Answers Documentaries D Answers 1C 2A 3D 4B 5D 6B E Answers 1b 2e 3c 4a 5d Vocabulary A Answers 1 pack 2 slander 3 hounded 4 recluse 5 Lampooned 6 stalked 7 column 8 scoop B Answers 1 memoirs 2 anecdotes 3 press 4 blackmail 5 notorious 6 exile 7 scandal 8 instalments 9 excerpts 10 gossips 11 libel 12 obscurity It means ‘you can publish if you like, I don’t care.’ It is now used more often when someone decides to publish something offensive or unpopular even though they know they will face public criticism. C Answers 1 circulation 2 print 3 leak 4 discreet 5 correspondent 6 credible D Answers 1d 2f 3a 4c 5e 6b E Answers 1 string 2 limelight 3 splash 4 minutes 5 time 6 stardom 7 invasion 8 map 9 legend 10 headlines Ideas Focus F Answers be dropped from a record label get signed by an agent make a comeback Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 37 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 37 11/17/17 10:33 AM reach the peak of stardom seek publicity G Answers 1 making a comeback 2 seeks publicity 3 were dropped from … record label 4 reached the peak of stardom 5 get signed by an agent H Answers 1 at 2 out of 3 of 4 in 5 on 6 over 7 of 8 in I Answers 1 objective 2 impartially 3 conspiracy 4 dissemination 5 misinformation 6 selectively 7 omission 8 chaotic D Answers 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 a 6 b E Answers full, abstract, bare, active, passive, full F Answers 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 e 6 f G Answers 1 saying 2 to say 3 listening 4 to listen 5 turning 6 to forget 7 talking 8 to talk Grammar H A Answers 1 to resign 2 posting 3 to be 4 seeing 5 worrying Answers gerund, noun, object, object B Answers 1 You can’t explain why some people like or dislike certain things. (usually said in disbelief) 2 You have nothing to lose if you … 3 You cannot predict 4 Some people are never happy, no matter what 5 A toast to you, my friend! (made famous by the film Casablanca) 6 Let’s hope for a better future. 7 You don’t know if something works until you put it into practice. 8 (In sport,) participation is more important than victory. C Answers 1 Getting an audition for the reality show 2 Posting that photo online 3 everyone being famous for 15 minutes 4 for not checking the facts 5 without asking permission 6 warning at all/whatever/whatsoever 7 the (possible) meaning of the two leaders’ body language/body language of the two leaders 8 (his/him) being rich and famous I Answers 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 d 5 c 6 a 7 b 8 c 9 b 10 d Listening A Answers 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 D 38 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 38 11/17/17 10:33 AM B C Answers Students’ own answers Answers Conclusion 2 C D Answers 1 make less challenging 2 realistic, including imperfections 3 act differently in the presence of cameras 4 without lines to learn 5 behave in a stupid way 6 causing embarrassment 7 an inaccurate term 8 all media existing before the Internet Answers 1 a documentary about a famous person 2 describe it, explain why the story was important, say what we can learn from it 3 a recommendation F F Answers 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 C Answers 1 yes 2 the documentary is worth watching and will make you re-examine your views on fame and the media 3 yes Speaking Answers 1 What this documentary gives is 2 the more Winehouse hurt, the more she channelled that despair 3 Seldom do you hear 4 Had they tried harder 5 Emerging from this documentary is A Answers Students’ own answers Suggested answers for the first question: They are all stereotypes. Asian prodigy / child prodigy; nerdy cosplayers (people who dress as and pretend to be a character from a film, TV programme, comic book, etc.) / larping (Live Action Role Play, a game where participants physically act out their characters’ actions); meditation / yoga / New Age; a book work / swotting in the library. B Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Writing: a review (2) A Answers 1S 2S 3F 4S 5F B Answers Students should underline: talent, rose meteorically, crashed, stardom, media pack Students should circle: innovative, format, archival footage, approach, narrator, screen, illusion E Answers The media hounded her, causing added pressure. G Useful Expressions H Suggested answer Review: Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson My very first computer was an Apple Mac. I fell in love with it as soon as I laid eyes on it. It was so different to everything else on the market, and I was curious to learn how that came about. More so, I was curious about the man behind the brand – Steve Jobs. This biography is an amazing inside view into the life of one of the great visionaries and businessmen of our era. If I learned anything from this book, it’s that Jobs believed that design is paramount, and spending extra time to make a beautiful design work is worth it. He wanted the Apple computers he built to be both beautiful and useful. Much time was spent fitting the hardware into the beautifully designed cases the designers came up with. It produced amazing computers that were visually distinct from everything else available. Another thing that comes through very strongly in this book is what an incredible perfectionist Jobs was. Reading the biography, I discovered that Jobs’ ethos was basically that if you are going to do something, do it right. The book is full of instances of Jobs doing this, not only in regard to his computers. For example, Jobs was obsessed with quality glass, and ordered the highest quality he could find for his Apple Stores. In all things he did, he kept at it until it was perfect in his mind. He was dogged in this regard. Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 39 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 39 11/17/17 10:33 AM The book was full of references to Jobs’ dynamic personality. He believed anything was possible and he was so persuasive that he could convince those around him of it too. Surely this is one of the most defining qualities of an entrepreneur – believing something can be done against all odds. This biography gives incredible insight into one of the defining minds of the 21st century. It’s a must-read! Video 11 A Polar Picture 12 Culture Shock Reading A Suggested answers symbol – flag; language – each is unique, used for written history; values – individualism, work ethic, family; music – tango, rap; gestures – hand shake; rituals – baptism; artefacts – iPhone, art works, architecture; clothes – denim, national costumes, etc. Before you watch B A Answers 1 identity 2 status 3 pleasure 4 community Suggested answers 1 Polar bears are hard to find. The photographers may search for days. The conditions are difficult for humans. Polar bears could be dangerous. 2 They have to wait for the opportunity to photograph wildlife, they may have a camera in place for some time before they get good photos. 3 They have to have endurance, they may have to deal with difficult weather conditions and physically tough environments. They need a good understanding of the animals and environment that they are photographing. They need to be resourceful and make the most of the opportunities they get to photograph the wildlife in question. C Answers the ruling classes D Answers 1B 2C 3D 4E 5A 6D 7E 8A 9C 10B E After you watch Answers 1 Latin 2 Latin 3 Latin 4 Greek 5 Greek 6 hybrid of Greek and Latin, meso being Greek for ‘middle’ and America from Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci who played a prominent role in exploring the New World 7 Greek 8 Latin 1c 2e 3a 4h 5d 6g 7b 8f C Vocabulary While you watch B Answers 1 tough (00:17) 2 afraid (01:00) 3 emerging (01:32) 4 cubs (01:40) 5 remote (02:03) 6 high (02:11) Answers 1 sheer 2 vast 3 terrible 4 ashore 5 dramatic 6 short 7 curious 8 directly 9 impatient 10 reminiscent A Answers 1 assumptions 2 stereotypes 3 mannerisms 4 codes 5 values 6 artefacts 7 heritage 8 diversity Ideas Focus B Answers Students’ own answers Answers 1 long 2 time 3 rooted 4 present 5 standing 40 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 40 11/17/17 10:33 AM 6 gone 7 honoured 8 held C Answers 1 legacy 2 vestiges 3 annals 4 reign 5 heirloom 6 ancestry 7 memorial 8 revival D Answers 1a 2c 3b 4d 5c 6a Grammar A Answers Sentence a, is an example of a standard sentence; the others are introduced by ‘It was’ to emphasise different parts of the sentence, followed by a relative clause. B Answers 1 c 2 e 3 b 4 d C Answers 1 diverse 2 defied 3 torn 4 integrated 5 turned his back on Answers 1 It was in (the year) 1536 that Spanish Conquistadors conquered Peru. 2 It was they that then carried potatoes to Spain. 3 It was Sir Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes to Ireland in 1589. 4 It was only in 1589 that Sir Walter Raleigh introduced potatoes to Ireland. 5 It wasn’t until nearly four decades later that the potato had spread to the rest of Europe. 6 was this (disease) which/that caused the Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s. 7 It was the Irish Potato Famine that caused the deaths of over a million people from starvation./ It was the Irish Potato Famine that caused over a million people to die of starvation. 8 It was fleeing the Great Hunger, as it was known there, which/that led to mass emigration from Ireland. G D Answers 1 irreverent 2 burial 3 observance 4 likeness 5 satirical 6 ceremonially 7 offerings 8 festive Answers 1 Language must have given humans an advantage. 2 Some Amazon tribes weren’t discovered until the 1960s. 3 Taking part in the tea ceremony was the highlight of the trip. / The highlight of the trip was taking part in the tea ceremony. 4 We find learning about our common ancestry fascinating. 5 A genetic database has been set up in Iceland. 6 Creole languages developed because traders spoke different languages. E Answers 1 sit 2 close 3 join 4 hold 5 stay 6 band F H Answers 1 insanity 2 culturally 3 disrespectfully 4 condemnation 5 sensitivity I Answers 1C 2A 3B 4A 5D 6B 7C 8D E Answers a All people need to survive is food, water and shelter. b What the tribe does is fast for a few days. cWhat made the tribe lose their culture was globalisation. d All the logging company cared about was the chance to make a big profit. F Answers Sentence 2 is wrong because you can’t use this structure with stative verbs. Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 41 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 41 11/17/17 10:33 AM G D Answers 1 What people tend to cling on to when they get older are their cultural beliefs. 2 It really upsets me the way the elderly are treated in my culture – they’re given no respect! 3 What was really interesting was the way that the villagers deferred to a group of elderly women before making any decisions. 4 All that I can remember from my trip to Thailand as a child is the overwhelming heat. 5 What they do when they eat is they put the food in an enormous communal pot and share it as a family. Answers 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 a H Speaking A Answers Students’ own answers Answers 1 d 2 a 3 b 4 f 5 h 6 c 7 e 8 g B I Answers Students’ own answers Answers 1 All the plan means is that 2 It was not until much later that they 3 What he will never forget 4 It is culture which/that binds 5 What amazed the anthropologist Listening A Answers Students’ own answers B Answers 1 + 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + 7 + 8 9 + 10 - C Answers 1 b 2 f 3 c 4 e 5 a 6 d Answers Students’ own answers C Answers Students’ own answers Ideas Focus Writing: a report (2) A Answers 1b 2c 3a B Answers 1 negative (left a lot to be desired) 2 positive (made me think twice) 3 neutral (a similar and predictable format) 4 negative (poorly executed) 5 positive (enthusiasm was infectious) C Answers 1 to describe the festival and evaluate the extent to which similar events can open people’s minds to new experiences and further understanding between different cultures 2 your fellow college students; your peers 3 you have attended the festival and are reporting about two interesting and relevant events 4 two events of particular interest and relevance in regards to understanding and cooperation 5 Multicultural festival / A festival of multiculture / Cultural understanding 6 5 sections: introduction, brief description, one event, a second event, evaluation D Answers the food stalls 42 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 42 11/17/17 10:33 AM E Conclusion There are some preconceived ideas about British people, such as they drink tea all day and are obsessed with the weather. It would be best to ignore these and fully embrace the true British way of life while you are here. Answers 1 the introduction; it should be brief and only state a few facts 2 Yes; the art reproductions weren’t interesting; there were issues with parking 3 Yes; the food stalls and the art exhibition 4 Yes, in the conclusion Video 12 Rite of Passage F Before you watch Answers 1 veritable 2 fare 3 intoxicating 4 unqualified 5 vehicle 6 foster Useful Expressions G Suggested answer The British Introduction The aim of this report is to provide international students with an introduction to some aspects of British culture. What are the British like? Although the British are generally seen as being reserved, you will find that people are usually quite friendly once they get to know you a little. They will appreciate it if you make an effort at small talk or take an interest in local affairs. The British are also very polite and often say thank you in situations you might not. They are respectful of rules and queue politely at bus stops, airports and shops. It is considered exceedingly rude to queue jump. Humour and understatement Humour has a special place in British society. It can be used in many situations: to establish a welcoming atmosphere, to create a sense of togetherness, to settle differences, to criticise, to show appreciation. As far as topics go, British people joke about everything. Humour is often combined with understatement. Depending on the tone ‘Not bad’ can actually mean ‘Very good’ and ‘Not bad at all’ might be considered very high praise indeed. Informality Relationships in the workplace and in educational settings are very informal. Most people address their manager and other colleagues by their first names. University tutors usually expect students to address them by their first names as well. In general, tutors and other teaching staff are very approachable and it would not be unusual for them to join you for a coffee during a break. In terms of clothes, style of dress depends more on personal preference than on position or rank, so don’t expect to find lecturers in suits – more likely than not they will be dressed in casual jeans and sweaters. A Answers 1 A rite of passage is a ceremony or event marking an important stage in life. 2 Most commonly birth, the transition from childhood to adulthood, marriage, and death are marked by rituals. 3 family, friends, important people to officiate, e.g. religious figures 4 Rituals vary quite a lot from culture to culture, based on different belief systems, but share some common features e.g. the importance of symbols, rules, particular costumes and behaviour. While you watch B Answers 1 T (00:10) 2 F (00:30) 3 T (00:49) 4 T (00:58) 5 T (01:45) 6 F (04:30) After you watch C Answers 1 onset 2 ordeal 3 endurance 4 representation 5 rising 6 emotion 7 pollen 8 fertility 9 spirits 10 clay Ideas Focus Answers Students’ own answers Review 6 (Units 11 & 12) Grammar Revision A Answers 1A 2D 3C 4B 5D 6B 7D 8A Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 43 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 43 11/17/17 10:33 AM B Answers 9 time 10 oral 11 It 12 What 13 until 14 fast / on 15 knowing 16 of C Answers 17 assumption 18 stardom 19 obscurity 20 notoriously 21 invasion 22 privacy 23 chaotic 24 eminent D Answers 25 All the explorers did was (to) destroy 26 was made to apologise 27 What she will never do is sell 28 It is studying ancient civilisations that 29 was the first person to climb 30 has the makings of 44 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 95843_C2_rev03_001-044.indd 44 11/17/17 10:33 AM

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