Power Generation
Lecture 123
Engr. Basit Ali
1
1. Course Learning Objective
2. Course Outline
3. Expectation from the course
Engr. Basit Ali
2
Course Outline
Power Stations:
• Introduction
• Types of power Station
• Type of Generation and Cost of Electrical Energy
Hydroelectricity:
Introduction to water power
hydrological cycle
Flow duration and mass duration curves
Classification of hydro-plant
Control gates and valves
Water turbines
Engr. Basit Ali
3
Course Outline
Steam Power Plants:
• Introduction, Main Parts and working of a steam Station
• Plant Layout
• Rankin Cycle and its types
• Types of Boiler and their characteristics
• Design of a steam Power Station and steam station auxiliaries
Gas Turbines:
• Introduction, Main Parts of Gas turbine plant
• Plant Layout and Principle of Operation
• Characteristics of Gas Turbine plants
• Gas Turbine Power Plant operation and Control
• Combined Cycles Cost of Gas Turbine Stations
Engr. Basit Ali
4
Course Outline
Diesel Electric Station:
• Introduction of Diesel Engine
• Principle of working and characteristics of diesel engines
• Sizes and dimensions of generator sets
• Coordination of Engine and Generator Characteristics
• Cost of diesel Plants
Nuclear Power Stations:
• Introduction, Main Parts of Nuclear Power Stations
• Plant Layouts and Principle of Nuclear Energy
• Nuclear reactor and reactor control
• Economics of Nuclear Power Stations.
Engr. Basit Ali
5
Course Outline
Impacts of Power Generation on Environment from conventional sources
Operation & Control of Power Generation
•Costing of Power generation
•Load forecasting
•Economic dispatch of thermal unit
•Hydro-thermal scheduling
•Unit Commitment
•AGC (automatic generation control)
Introduction to Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Engr. Basit Ali
6
Books
Text Books:
1. Power Generation Technologies by Paul Breeze “Third Edition”
2. Power Generation Operational and Control by Allen J. Wood “Third Edition”
3. Power Plant Engineering by PK Nag “Third Edition”
Engr. Basit Ali
7
Assessment
Midterm= 20 marks
Assignment= 20 marks (4)
Quiz= 10 marks (4)
Final Paper= 50 marks
Engr. Basit Ali
8
Why Does Energy Literacy Matter?
A better understanding of energy can:
•
Lead to more informed decisions
•
Improve the energy security of a nation
•
Promote economic development
•
Lead to sustainable energy use
•
Reduce environmental risks and negative impacts
•
Help individuals and organizations save money
Engr. Basit Ali
9
Generating Station
Bulk electric power is produced by special plant known as Generating
Station or power plants.
A generating station essentially employ a prime mover coupled to an alternator
for the production of electric power.
The prime mover (e.g. steam turbine , water turbine etc.) converts energy
from some other form into mechanical energy.
The alternator converts mechanical energy of the prime mover into electrical
energy.
Engr. Basit Ali
10
Types of Power Generation
Steam power stations
Gas turbines
Hydroelectric power stations
Diesel power stations
Nuclear Power stations
Engr. Basit Ali
11
Comparison of Different Power Plants
Engr. Basit Ali
12
Plant location and Site Selection
•
In all engineering works question of cost is of first importance.
•
Designing electrical power generating stations and other
•
•
Systems efforts are made to achieve overall economy so that the per unit cost of
generation is the lowest possible.
This will enable supplier to supply electrical energy to its consumers at
reasonable rates.
Engr. Basit Ali
13
Plant location and Site Selection
•
Raw material availability.
•
Location (with respect t o the ma rke t i ng area)
•
The cost o f t ra n s m i t t i n g the energy t o the consumer
•
The cost o f t ra n s m i t t i n g the fuel t o the station(road, rail o r water
transport)
Engr. Basit Ali
14
Plant location and Site Selection
• Cost o f an o i l pipeline
• Cost o f land
• Topography o f the land
• Climate (Rainfall d u r i n g the ye a r / w i n d capacity)
• Availability o f labours.
• Availability o f ut ili ti es (Water, Electricity).
Engr. Basit Ali
15
Plant location and Site Selection
•
Environmental i mp a c t and effluent disposal.
•
Local c o m m u n i t y considerations.
•
Political strategic considerations.
•
Taxations and legal restric tions.
Engr. Basit Ali
16
Plant location and Site Selection
• Catchment area
• Suitable site f o r s t o r i n g water behind t he d a m
• Sufficient q u a n t i t y o f water at s u ff i c i e n t head
• Cost o f civil engineering wo rk s
• Transmission lines cost
Engr. Basit Ali
17
Plant location and Site Selection
• Foundation
• Noise
• Storage space f o r fuel
• Transport facilities
• Availability o f water f o r co oling the engines o r p ri m e movers
• Nature o f load
Engr. Basit Ali
18
Plant Type and Cost
•
•
•
In every system, economy plays an important role.
A saving in cost of generation of electrical power represents a significant
reduction in the operating cost as well as fuel cost.
The electrical engineer has to adopt a cheapest and most convenient
scheme.
Engr. Basit Ali
19
Plant Type Selection
Following general po ints should be kept in m i n d d ur i n g selection o f type o f
generation
•
•
•
•
Kind o f fuel available
Fuel Cost
Availability o f suitable site f o r water power
Nature o f the load t o be supplied
Engr. Basit Ali
20
Plant Layout
The princ ipa l factors t h a t are considered are listed below:
• Economic considerations.
• construc tion and o perating costs.
• Process requirements.
• Convenience o f o peration.
• Convenience o f maintenance.
• Health and Safety considerations.
• Future p l a n t expansion.
• Modular c o ns t ruc t io n .
• Waste disposal requirement s.
Engr. Basit Ali
21
Basic Terminologies for Generating Units
1. Plant load factor
2. Utility factor
3. Plant capacity factor
4. Demand factor
5. Diversity factor
6. Load curve
7. Load duration curve
8. Dump power
9. Firm power
10. Prime power
11. Cold reserves
12. Hot reserves
13. Spinning reserves
14. Plant use factor
Engr. Basit Ali
22
Current Generation Capacity
Engr. Basit Ali
23
Current Generation Capacity
Engr. Basit Ali
24
0
