A BRIEF SUMMARY
SUARA BURUMAI
(2014-2020)
i
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Why you must read this summary?
You must read this summary because this is the most complete and the first report of historical reviews,
developments and progresses of a small village in Yapen Island regency, called Manatanen, Papua
Province that unknown and you have never heard before. Secondly, the reports are based on the
experiences, observations, interviews, researches, and actions conducted by the indigeneous young
people, elementary to university students of the village. Thirdly, these young people put so much care and
develop their small dream start from their home land to progress the huge wonderful Indonesia. Thirdly,
they do not work alone but together with every single group, institutions, and organizations established by
government and the elders of the village. Fourthly, there are opportunities for the Pertmina Foundation
Muda Social Projects to be incorporation with the community.
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Preface
This“brief summary” was made up to fulfill the requirement of Australian Awards Scholarship especially
supporting the writer’s scholarship application (2019) but now this is used to fulfill the requirement of
Pertamina Foundation Muda Social Project (2021). On the other hand, the complete reports of each activity
and achievements of the Suara Burumai are still in progress. Since each of the reports confronts the writer
to explore and to add more information by doing additional interview and observations need for the
research such as the coastal ecosystem in Manatanen, Observation of Water resource, Corals Plantation
Planning, defending the coast with a barrier, corals growing pattern and so on. In fact, it takes sometimes to
finish one by one. Therefore, the writer chose to present this summary. Hoping that, this “summary” would
give a brief information about the works done by the Suara Burumai and would be considered by the
panelist of PF Muda in 2021.
This “summary” book consists of the information about the Suara Burumai, its implementations and results.
Furthermore, it presents achievements, solutions, recent and future challenges that will be faced by the
work of the Suara Burumai.
Sincerely
Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei
(CEO-Suara Burumai/The Writer)
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About the writer
Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei was born on July 28th 1991 in
Windesi Village, Windesi District, Yapen Island Regency. In
1997, he begun his elementary school at his home village,
Manatanen. There, he invested his daily to explore the nature
after school. He explored the oceans by rowing, swimming,
diving, and fishing activities. He also took trips by hiking to
mountains and worked at his grand mothers’ Kakao, Coffee,
Vegetables, and fruits farm. These childhood experiences
made him fall in love with the nature and environment.
In 2001, he went to Jayapura, the capital of Papua Province, with his mother in 2000. There, he
continued his further education at elementary to Senior high school. Siriwai pursued his elementary
education at the Sekolah Dasar Negeri Inpres VIM III Kotaraja Dalam Jayapura. In 2005, he graduated with
exellence from the school and continued his study at the Junior High school, Sekolah Menengah Pertama
YPK Diaspora Kotaraja. There, he loved to study physics in classroom and learned machine and
architecture at the library of the school. It grows his curiousity especially in architecture.
He graduated from the school in 2007 and continued at Sekolah Menengah Atas YPK Diaspora
Jayapura. He was acknowleged by his mates and teachers for his exellences in simple statistic,
architecture, sport (Football), and English. He graduated in 2010 and continued his study at the University
of Papua, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province majoring English Education at Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education. At the University, he won scholarship called the Bantuan Belajar Mahasiswa
offered by the Department of Higher Institution, the Republic of Indonesia (2011/2015). His study was fully
funded later on. In 2013/2014, he and his friends primarily established the Suara Burumai and he spent
almost all of his times working on this organization.
He graduated from the University with exellences, on August 2015 and was directly assigned to
work as lecturer assistance by the authority of the Department of English Education the same year.
Together with his lecturers, mostly alumni of Australian Development Progam, they work to progress the
Department’s English Teaching Program for students of English Education, students at the Faculty of
Engineering and Faculty of Forestry. He was also selected to be a teacher at English Teaching Institute
Papua, a well known Institution in west Papua Province (2016/2019). In 2016, he won the Ship for
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Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program (SSEAYP) and went to study in Japan and some Asean
Countries for 2 months. After the program, he was selected to be chiefman of the International Youth
Exchange Alumni organization (known as Purna Caraka Muda Indonesia (PCMI)), West Papua Province
(2017/2019) in which his team and him won another project scholarship for the PCMI called SIAGA
Scholarship arranged by the SSEAYP International Indonesia Inc (http://www.sseaypindonesia.org/siaga2018/). They also won funding from the regent of Sorong Regency, Mr. Johnny Kamuru for projects of the
Organization. In addition, he is also selected to be the chiefman of the English Education Department
Alumni’s Association (IKAL-PENDING UNIPA) in 2017.
Now, Siriwai is working as a staff at the Beureu of Administration, Governor Capital Office, west
Papua Province. He also works as the CEO of the Suara Burumai and the chiefman of the IKAL-PENDING.
He does observation towards infrastructure developments at regencies in West Papua province as part of
his duties at the Beureu. On the other side, he arranges Research and Social Activities for the Suara
Burumai program at his home village, Manatanen, North Yapen District, Yapen Island Regency, Papua
Province and for the IKAL-PENDING.
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Special Thanks
The writer would thank those who have helped him out. I thank God that I could finish this
summary. I also thank for my little angel, Aleksanderina Victorita Miracle Kuwei and my wife “Nelce Troce
Ronsumbre”. I thank also to my family, Injae Andarias Kuwei (Alm), Ingkov Dolfina B. Kadiwaru, Anenam
Yoana Sembai (Alm), Tanti Pijae (Alm), Anda Paransina Kuwei (Alm), Maria and Regina Kuwei, Anda
Magdalena Kuwei (Alm) and Injae Gad Kuwei, Arakovo Eka and Tanti Kuwei, Arakovo Aleksander, Yosias,
and Yan Kuwei, arakovo Alfa and Arifin Kuwei.
Furthermore, I thank the Manatanen/Artaneng, Roswari Village Authority (Pemerintah Kampung
Manatanen) and policy maker Arakovo Alfons Sembai, Injay Naftali Sembai, Injay Pilemon Kuwei-Mana
vugampat, Injay Matias Rawai and the branch chief of the Christian Foundation for Education (YPK), Bapak
Injay kuru no Marthen L. Kapisa, the Headmaster of Sekolah Dasar YPK Baitania Manatanen (an
elementary school under Christian Foundation).
I thank for the GKI Baitania Manatanen, arakovo Bapak Penatua Sergius Rumansara, Mama
Syamas Maria Kaisiri/Simunapendi and every members of the Church Organization. I thank to the leaders
of the Costumary instution (Lembaga Masyarakat Adat), Anenap kuru no Derek Kuwei-Mana vugampat,
sya arakovo Yosias S. B. Kuwei, injai kuru no Silas Rawai and Arakovo Ayub Rawai (a Yawa Language
Consultant).
I thank for the Youth and Students’ (IPEMAROS) Organizer Arakovo Jimmi Karson Maniambo,
Arakovo Mesak Maniambo, Arakovo Imanuel Kuwei, Arakovo Noak Rumansara, arakovo Enos Sembae,
Arakovo John Arampi, Arakovo Melkias Maniambo and Arakovo Ina Ros Maria Kuwei. Finally, I thank to all
members of IPEMAROS, people of the village ( Arakovo Apolos, Amram Arampi and Yermias Arampi,
arakovo Kornoles Maniambo, Arakovo Regen Rawai, Boy and Debelius Rumansara, Mansar Amon Sroyer,
arakovo Epson and Yonansius Rumansara, arakovo Welmus Rumansara, Efraim Rumansara, Yakobus
Rumansara and Injae Nikolaus Rumansara, also for Mama Sergius, Nene Nyora Rawai, Mama Epi, Mama
Nyora Kaisiri/Simunapendi, Mama Eka Kuwei, Mama Bernard Rumansara, Kaka Meriba Kuwei, Eka Kuwei,
and Hagar Sembae, Anda Maria and Regina Kuwei, Mama Meriba, and Mama Farida Sembai) and hard
workers of the Suara Burumai team, Arakovo Thomas Sembai, Arakovo Ellden Paai, Arakovo Ofni Sembai,
Arakovo Nehemia Sembai, Arakovo Demianus Maniambo, Arakovo Sandona Kuwei, Arakovo Ruben
Rawai, Arakovo Benyamin Rawai, Arakovo Yosua Kuwei and Arakovo Otis Wereni.
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List of Pictures, Tables and Terms
1. This summary consists of 61 pictures
2. The pictures are the result of the Suara Burumai documentation team. They started the photograph
since 2014. These pictures were captured based on their actions, research and observation
activities, traditional events, social life, traditional borders and areals mentioned in this summary,
types of houses. There is also picture captured and donated from the village authority (date in
2008). In addition, there are also design of the Suara Burumai future Plannings (Mapping of the
village and their future solution to develop the village) by Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei, June 1st
to 10 th 2020. All the pictures are well documented at the Suara Burumai Gallery in Manatanen
Village.
3. This summary consists of 10 tables and its explanation with simple statistics
4. The table represents total population of the village, farming areals, academic achiements, and the
syllabus of the Suara Burumai
5. Finally, this summary contains some terms written in ayao yawa unat (the yawa Unat Language: a
Non Austronesian Language) speaking by the people of Manatanen
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CHAPTER I
SUARA BURUMAI
1.1. About The Suara Burumai
The Suara Burumai is an initiative movement for development. This organization was formally
established on May 24th 2017 by the local university students from Kampung Manatanen, Roswari village,
who are pursuing diploma and bachelor studies at different faculties of the State University of Papua in
Manokwari regency, West Papua Province. These students were pursuing their studies at faculty of letter,
faculty of agriculture, faculty of forestry and faculty of engineering.
The initiation of the establishment derived from the students’ willing to contribute back for better
development at any living sectors in their home village, Manatanen or Artaneng, Roswari village, located in
Yapen Island Regency, North Yapen District, Papua Province. Historically, the idea of contributing skills
and knowledge was inspired by their attendances on lecturers, classes, and practices during their study
time at the university.
They disscused and debated on the environmental issues at their dormitory, as they have attended
basic environment classes, topics on agricultural developments such as Kakao plantation, bananas,
coconut. They also discussed about human development and roles of human on the sectors development,
the sustainability of traditional ways for land utilization, language conservation, Nature conservation,
seminars and workshops on the issues, education and enterpreneurship. Their studies’ experiences and
knowledge inquiry from the debates and discussions were precious because of the ideas. Therefore, they
thought that it would be more benefit if the ideas are shared to communities.
Later, they proposed the ideas to the local village authority (Pemerintah Kampung and Lembaga
Masyarakat Adat) and the ideas were accepted at the year 2013/2014. They transferred their ideas into
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Plannings, Strategies and Actions. They scheduled their actions which annually conducted every summer
and Christmas Holiday in the village. These actions were firstly pioneered by the students: Siriwai Adrianus
Varano Kuwei, Demianus Maniambo and Rinto Doglas Kuwei (Alm).
1.2. Corporation
Since 2014, Suara Burumai has been reached out local authority and organizations at the village and
other villages to incorporate with. They also have made contact with the regency government and security
by informing their actions through letters. The Suara Burumai is incorporation with local students’
organization (IPEMAROS/Ikatan Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Asal Kampung Manatanen Desa Roswari),
Roswari’s village authority (Pemerintah Kampung), Rosbori’s Village Authority and Church Organization,
Lembaga Masyarakat Adat Kampung Manatanen (Customary Institution), Church Organization (Gereja
Kristen Injili (GKI), Jemaat Baitania Manatanen) and authority of the Private School organized under
church/GKI Private Foundation (Yayasan Pendidikan Kristen (YPK)).
1.3. Sectors of Development
The Suara Burumai mainly concerns about Environment, Education and entrepreneurship. The Suara
Burumai aims to develop Early Education for environmental science, Sport and Tourism Education,
Language and Culture Education, Nature and Conservation Education, Agriculture, Forestry and Water
Management, study of the coast and Entrepreneurship.
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1.4. Moto of the Suara Burumai
Moto of the organization is mayao po kove raguav, meaning Critics for Good, written in Ayao Yawa
Unat, A non-Austronesian language spoken by the Yawa-Unat people at the North Yapen District, Yapen
Island Regency, Papua Province.
1.5. Our Vision
Our vision involves three action verbs which are describing our roles: Listening, Researching and
Taking Actions to give scientific critics to develop the living sectors of the People in Manatanen Village. We
are listening to every critics towards our actions, we are researching any sectors to be documented for
development purposes, and we are taking actions based on the information required.
1.6. Our Missions
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To contribute on the Education, training, and human development
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To serve people with scientific information
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To work directly on the living sectors
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To become an institution for students and university students’ training and work practices
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To be independent financially
1.7. Our Mainly Aims
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To serve people with information of developing the living sectors
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To plan and conduct seminars, workshops, and teaching related to living sectors development
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To open opportunities for students, University Students and people of the village learn together
through our work culture
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To open, organize, and develop business of the living sectors
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To support members of the organization financially
1.8. Organization Structure (2017/2020)
1. CEO
2. CO-FOUNDERS
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: Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei
:
Noak Rumansara
Ofni Sembai
Demianus Maniambo
Sandona Kuwei
Ellden Paai
Thomas Sembai
Nehemia Sembai
Alm. Rinto Doglas Kuwei
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CHAPTER II
GENERAL INFORMATION, ROLE, AND ACTIONS,
This chapter consists of general information about Kampung Manatanen, Roswari village and
Sustainable Development Goals link with the Organization’s work targets, the summary of some
researches, Roles of the Organization and social activities of the Suara Burumai.
2.1. General Information
a. Manatanen
The following paragraphs consist of information about Manatanen: background, etymology
of the name, historical review, a linguistic approach, myth and ancestors heritage, relationship with
other families, trades, miggration, traditional borders and profiles. This information is firstly
presented in order to guide the readers to understand the Manatanen Village, Social and Natural
phenomena. Furthermore, the information is probably far from being perfect because they are the
result of the writer experiences of listening to the elders’ stories and working with some of them
(1997-2013) and conducting small interviews and observations with the Suara Burumai team since
2014-2020. Therefore, it needs further studies.
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Background
Manatanen village is located at the North Yapen District, the Yapen Island Regency,
Papua Province. No recent scientific information (history, social and anthropological report and
reasearch) directly conducted at the village is available. However, there were studies conducted by
Jones L, Paai Z, and Paai Y “Ayao Yawa Mo Mona Nanentabo Ranugan: Yva (Yawa) Vocabulary”,
UNCEN-SIL Cooperative Program, Summer Institute of Linguistic, Seri B No 4, 1989. Yva is a
language spoken by approximately 6000 people living in 25 villages of Yapen Island (1989).
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Another research was conducted by Kuwei G, 2007 on his skripsi “ Kakao Marketing
Analysis in Kampung Roswari, East Yapen District, Kepulauan Yapen Regency”, Sekolah Tinggi
Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Ottow & Geissler Jayapura press 2007. In addition, there is also An
Hidrological Description, by the Department of Forest and Landscape Rehabilitation, Yapen island
regency 2002 (https://kepyapenkab.go.id/index.php/hidrologi).
Other researches conducted at the village are confirmed unobvious because the archives
are not found in the village’s library or holded by any of the village authorities. Therefore, this is the
first complete summary about the village.
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Etymology
Manatanen is the old name of the village, which is administratively called Roswari or
Artaneng village. The word “manatanen” is derived from Ayao Yva-Vunat, Papuan Language
(Jones L, 1986:31). Manatanen consists of two morphemes, mana and tanen. Mana stands for
water and tanen means lights, commonly defined as warm. Thus, Manatanen means “a warm
land”. On the other side, Roswari is a Biak word used by the missionary and east-vyak Vikings in
the past to name the bay.
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Historical Review
Centuries ago, the recent people of Manatanen lived in different places in which some
lives in the south part of the Yapen island, Waropen, Biak, and Poom. Only the Kove [kuv-e] and,
some argues: Rawai (the Kove’s closest relatives) lived together and occupied the area. It was
known that the Kove was just a little kind and generous family, as they were called ‘kov[e]’,
meaning “saved, good, generous, kind, skillfull, life” in yva vunat. Another story replied that the
kove called his relative, Rawai, to live with him at the mountain called awainde before 1600 AD.
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[the dates of the Kove existence and the arrival of Rawae in Awainde is
unestablished]
Describing the word “avainde” based on the Ayao-Yawa dictionary (Jones L, Paai Z, and
Paai Y, 1986) “awainde”, in other words “rawae viny de”, means “Rawai, come here!”, as the Kove
called the Rawae, known as Rawai family, to stay with them. Furthermore, the word avainde
consists of different allomoprhs carrying different meaning for each (this takes further studies).
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A linguistic Approach
The Kove family is indegenous of Yva (Yawa). It is proved by the language they speak in
centuries and inherited to the recent generations, ayao Yva. The Kove existence in North Yapen
Island can be tracked and predicted by looking at studies about the Austronesian and Non
Austronesian language contact.
According to a study by Emily Grasser in 2017, Swarthmore College, about the PapuanAustronesian contact on Yapen Island: A preliminary account, saying that:
Yawa, a Papuan language spoken on Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay, has been in
close contact with neighboring Austronesian languages for up to about 3,000 years.......
Austronesian speaker arrived in New Guinea around 3500 years ago, and spread across
the north coast and offshore islands, including Yapen. The date of the arrival on Yapen
has not yet been established, but was likely between one and three thousands years ago
Arrival of the Austronesian, the speaker of Austronesian language, was probably 3,500
years ago (known as the second wave of massive migration out of Africa). Accordingly, the Kove
family can be said as the indigenous of Yva because they probably arrived in thousand of years
before the arrival of the Austronesian. Their arrival was probably the first (from Afrika to sahul)
which around 50,000 or 70,000 years ago. However, the recent generation of the kove is a mixed
genetic with the Austronesian as result of a 3000 years contact. And they are known as non
Austronesian due to the language they speak.
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The kove patrilineally arrange their generation. In fact, the true kove are not found many
today. There are only 6 of them (male) and 4 women (female) (Suara Burumai Observation 2018).
Most of them do not live at their village because they work in the city such as Manokwari,
Merauke, Jayapura, and Biak. In other side, the other kove, lived in the village now are the kove
Mana vugampat and kove numansara (rumansara) nyangkuv or manava kami who are their
ancestors’ adopted children who lately change their keret (family name) to be Rumansara.
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A Myth and the Ancestor’s Heritage (Folklore from the Elders)
Another evidence of their occupation and existence is their ancestors’ heritage which is
recently well known among the local people at villages in north Yapen district. The evidence is the
myth of Nuem and the second is Mana varwajae (manaji) which shows their tribal authenticity.
According to the myth, Nuem was the first Kove ancestor occupied the land of Manatanen.
Centuries ago, the Nuem lived in Mana Nanem, a mountain: water spring of the Mana wati river in
the inland, south part of Manatanen. The Nuem lived in the dark, a cave. The Nuem lived with his
wife (unknown family name) and together, they grew their children in the cave. As his children
growing up, he trained them to be hunters in the dark. The Nuem family could not live in the light
because it was taboo, a curse, for his family.
However, there was a conflict one day at the time. The conflict caused by a hunting, cus
cus meat, carried home by his children, the hunters. Nuem was angry at them because they did
not give his favorite roasted meat: head of the cus cus. In Yawa, cus-cus is called mae[r].
His anger led him to run out and left his family at the cave. According to the myth, not only
him but also his children and wife spread and run out to different directions. Nuem run in the dark
through valleys, mountains, and river till he reached the south shore, recently known as Kamanap.
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There, he faced light as the sun arose. Then, he suddenly frozened and cursed to be a rock.
Today, the stone can be found at the Kamanap village, known as the nueme or kove rock.
According the legend, many of his children were cursed to be rocks in different places as
they faced light, only one of them was left. He was the one called arova maran. The arova maran
lived at arova maran, meaning “the last rock”. Arova maran is a rock valley in the inland near the
mana nanem and the Rawai heritage, Paputum mountain close to tanen mountain.
The elders of the kove and Rawai, anda Maria Kove, Anenam Tanti Pijai (Anenap Yosias
Kove’s wife), injaeap andarias kove (1960s-2001) (the son of Aleksander Kove (1910-1977), and
anenam Mariana Kove’s descendant (the aunt of Yosias, Aleksander and Yan Kove, live about the
middle 1800s, the great grandmother of the recent rawai’s family now living in Mana tanen
village), left a story that the fossils of the nuem can be found in a cave at a secret forbidden jungle
around arova maran, mana nanem, avainde, and mana tanen.
[the nueme myth, however, becomes a debatable myth. It is because there are claims
coming from the Rumansara: Karutut and Aimbuga family, who stated that the myth
belongs to them, as they call it nugeme, according to their folklore, the nugeme became an
island off shore the Kamanap. In fact, no one recognized their claims]
The second historical is the story of Mana varwa[jae]. Mana var[jae]represesents two
different meaning and sometimes called mana warwaji or manaji. It is myth about a giant bird. The
bird lived in the inland, head of the Mana varwajae river. The ancestor of the kove believed in the
bird as the God’s of the sky. This bird told them when to stop working, start the new days, and told
them about the seasons. Story of the bird is rarely told by the elders. However, it is still a belief until
today. The recent true kove believe that the bird is still living somewhere in the jungle. And the bird
is protecting them all days. The second meaning of the varvajae is represented by a different word
but similar sound ‘varavade’, meaning “bring them here”.
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The nuem and the Mana varwajae are rooted in Ayao Yva. As [Nu] means land [em]
means the almighty for Nuem, and [man] means life of the nature, [wa] means landscape with a lot
of people, [var] refers to light or wind and [jae] means life (masculine). In conclusion, Nuem means
“ the almighty of the land” and Mana varwajae means “ the father of light for the living of the
people”.
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The Relationship with the [Rawae], the Hidden Meaning and origin of Rawae
The relationship between the descendant of nuem and rawae family probably
borned a new name called kove. The name ‘kove’ was used to call them due to their
traditional intelectual’s ability and skills at war.
According to the story of rawae, they were warriors and fighters. They were leaders
of tribal war at the time. They took the Nuem descendant living in arova maran, protected
him, and trained him to be warrior at mountains in the head of mana orar river, barier of the
Kampung Dore Manona. They took him because he was an orphan.
[another story of the rawae family says that he was carried from the arova maran
by his last parents and his followers. They went accrossed mountain and gave him
to the rawae family. They left him with them also the Yapen Island and took a new
journey to the eastern]
The kove learned faster and became skillfull man, who led them to win tribal wars
but also assisted them a lot. Therefore, they gave a credentials for him to occupy the land
of Manatanen, the north part of his own place of origin, arova maran. According to the
elders, his borders were from arova (an alone rock, stand close to the cape of Rosbori
village in the west) to the mana varwajae river in the east part. Later, they gave him a lady
to live with. Therefore, there was an intermeriagge between these two families.
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Furtheremore, the original meaning and the origin of the rawae family remains
debatable. Some says it is synoym with p[rawa]r or prawar, a Biakic family name. Some
says it is not. However, the secret of rawae belongs to their family and is hidden till today.
In an assumption, the meaning of rawae word related to Ayao Yva uniquelly refer
to an exchange, merriage exchange. Ayao Yva is a non Austronesian language formed by
complexity of shortenings and compoundings. It consists of morphemes and allomorpohs,
also the meaning depends on expressions and intonation. For example, when its speaker
say:
“ winyore” meaning “you walk or go forward but not too long from me”
This phrase consists of [winy][o][re].
[winy] means you (the subject), [o] refers to an action you are doing towards or
something you face, [re] means go or walk. The morpheme, [re], can not be
separated from [winy] and [o], and the opposite. In other words, [re] is a bound
morpheme and [o] is an infix bound morpheme link to the subject. The [o] and [re]
will have meaning if they are said and expressed together with [winy]. This case
the same as pore and more, [p][o][re] and [m][o][re], meaning ‘he goes/went’ and
‘she goes/went’. Sometimes, they mean you[female/male] go/went.
The rawae in Yawa is the same case, however. It consists of [ra][wa] with
additional article [e]. [ra] is the prefix functioning as to express an active or passive action
word (verb), while [wa] is probably the reduplication of [wanya] because [wa] refers to
female in Yawa or can be defined as landscape. So, the rawae is probably the shortened
part of rawa[nya][e] meaning ‘bring or carry woman’. In other side, it can be also defined as
‘bring the landscape or live at the landscape’ as the Yawa-Unat people traditional believe
in the [wa] or the landscape as mother (female). Supporting that assumption, this type of
Ayao Yawa-Unat’s expressions can be found in many action’s words’ such as ra[man]am,
ra[yar], and soon.
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This rawai, also the kov[e] are also appeared in another action words such as
ra[kov]ar, case. In fact, these cases actually show an old transferring knowledge strategy,
especially it is about how the Yawa ancestor passed down name and family names as
philosophy and value of life to their generations. Supportingly, it is quite interesting recently
as we found out that varities of families living in Manatanen village are actually from
different name of family and represent different meaning. For example, Maniambo is a big
family but consists of sub-families such as atewa, Manati, and ayum, while the Sembae
family consist of Taman and Kapanae.
In our opinion, changes found at their family names are actually for some purposes
in centuries ago such as for proctection from their old enemies during the tribal war as they
came and stayed with the Kove and rawae, but also because their ancestors were killed by
pandemic or misterious desease and hunger. It can be also because of the trade activities
and their strong relationship to each other. This case can be found on the family name of
numansara nyangkuv (adopted by the rawae family in the late 1800 and changed their
family name as kove numansara) and kove-Mana vugampat (Turunat, adopted by the kove
in the early 1900s).
[the last adopted child of the kove family was anenap Berens Arampi in 1970s. He
was adopted because of his traditional marine’s intelectual (diving)]
In addition, the rawae sometimes called the kove as the “kamar terakhir” or their
last closest family (sub-family) (Anenap Ruben Rawai 1970s). The kove descendants in
accordance to the rawae’s family story counted based on the date they took him till today
is the seventh descedants or generation, while the rawae’s descendant from the oldest
ancestor have reached to fourteenth generations (the Suara Burumai interview 2020).
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[the rawae has their own secret book written by a linguist or anthropologist
(unknown name) from the Dutch, who lived in the Dore village in the early 1900.
The book was holded by anenap Ruben Rawae in Mana tanen. However, it is now
given to the head of the Rawae tribe (Ketua Lembaga Masyarakat Adat) in
embaejirum village]
-
Traditional Borders, Trades and Migrations History (1600-1900 AD)
Traditionally, the Kove’s land borders were from Mana varwajae (known as Warwaji river)
to Arova ( an alone-rock, stood on the ocean, closed to the cape of Rosbori village)). However,
they gave some parts of their land as dawry for the paai, Maniambo, and sembae family after their
sheltered during the world war II in 1940s.
Historically, the kove and rawae migrated to the shore from the awainde mountain around
1600s. Some of the rawae lived at the Mana varmonae (known as Dore now) while kove and the
others rawae (Mariana’s children) lived in mana vumae until 1940s. They migrated and lived close
to the shore from the mountain to protect their land during the tribal war at the time but also to
build trade relation with the Byakic group and sailors, such as paai, ronsumbre (from Ibdi), wader,
the sowek tribe and rumansara family from Owi island. They also built relation with the tribes in the
South Part of the island and were at war with people from waropen (an elder’s story, 2020).
[during this trade relation and tribal war in the south part of the Yapen island, the rawae
took slaves called Andit and the Wanenda (now they are called Maniambo-Rawae)]
In a few hundred years later especially in 1920s, they accepted Christianity in Mana vumae by a
misionary name Kuru Mangge from a village far to the south of the Yapen Island called ariepi.
[According to the elder stories, their relation with paai, ronsumbre, wader, the sowek, and
rumansara family was lastly found in 1980s]
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The World War II and Koreri Movement
In 1942-1945, around March to December 1943, the Japanese Troops, Known as Nippon,
based in a cave, now known as Goa Jepang in Biak, booming their village. The Japanese boomed
their village because the Kove and Rawae were suspected to plan a guerilla-strike against the
Japanese soldier.
At the time, the Kove and Rawae, with another family living with them called Sembai and
Maniambo joined an old free movement, called Koreri (1938 to 1943 pioonered by Bin Dame:
Angganita Manufandu and Stephanus Simopiaref) to fight against the Japanese and the Dutch,
the colonist, in North Yapen.
In Vumae, leader of the movement was Sadrak Kuve (a nephew of the kuve family, who
was adopted due to his mother’s kove blood. Sadrak was an origin of Numansara Nyangkuv and
Aimbuva in Rusburi village). Sadrak was the target of the Japanese troop. However, they did not
find Sadrak. Therferore, they suspect people of Vumae led by Karaudia Sanower Paulus
Maniambo and Mayor Safian Erens Sembai. The Japenese burned church and people’s houses at
the time, killing more than 17 (seventeen) innocents.
[Today, the fossils of the old church in mana vumae can be seen at injai Yakob
Maniambo’s farm in Vumae (Burumai)]
Later, they moved to Mana Kamandavane, a land at the west part of the Mana tanen
village while the other Rawai and other family migrated to the inland village, called embaejirum,
Ampandi, Karuvuain and Karisy. Later on, Sembai, Maniambo, and Paai family open a new village
in Kamandavani around 1948, just before the Sarampa Pandemic. They build trade relationship
with the Chinese sailormen and also with the Dutch government.
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Furthermore, the pandemic killed many members of the Sembai dan Maniambo family. It
made them live in frustation and arose conflicts between them. As the conflict arose, they burned
a church and the missionary cursed the land. Therefore, they moved to Roswar [i], named given
for a cape by the missionary, while the Sembai and Maniambo chose to stay at Kopae as they
asked for the kove and rawae family’s.
[at the time, rating death caused by the pandemic was the Sembae and Maniambo family,
therefore they asked for the Kove and rawai family to gave them a permanent location for
living. The kove and rawae allowed them to live at the Kopae till the days get better. Then,
they could move back to the land which the Kove and Rawae have given]
-
The Kove’s Areal
The Kove occupied the mana warwaji or Mana varwajae to arova. As they merriage with
some family such as paai, sembae and maniambo as the result of their trade relation with the
people from ariepi village (1920s) and with another family, called the erari family (the chineseariepi family) who is also from Ariepi in 1980s, the have landed some parts of their occupied areal.
[because of the war, people sheltered to find safety for their family. People from Ariepi
such as sembae, maniambo and wonggor (a family in Rosbori) run through a channel (a
secret path in the jungle during the war) at the karamani mountain, exactly behind the
Rosbori village]
They gave Mana kamandavane to arova for the paai, sembae, and maniambo family while
they gave a small area in Mana varwajae (coast, water course of Mana varjae) for the Erari family.
Another part of the land, an inland areal closed to head of the Mana varjae, name Mana vugampat
was given to the Turunat (adopted children) family, now they are known as kove/kuwei mana
vugampat in 1900s.
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For the rest of their land from Manatanen to the mana varwajae areal to the mountains are
not given to anyone. The recent people who live in these areals and working on their farms were
given a ‘borrowing areal’ in 1980s by Andarias Kove (chiefman of the tribe at the time). Areal that
they used for farming and build their houses are not a belonging, they were given right to use it
and not to own it.
[Andarias (and Gad, his brother who borned later) was the only last son of the kove’s
family. Therefore, he was precious and has to be protected by his sisters.
In 1980s, injae kuru no Andarias Kove was offered by a politician to buy his land. He
discussed it with his closed relative, anenap Ruben Rawai, for selling the land. His relative
argued that “if you sell the land, I’m gonna leave you stay alone. And I will never recognize
you as a family”. Therefore, injai Andarias Kove did not sell the land. Later, he told the
politician about his decision of not selling the land. Then, he arranged a conference with
the other family in the village, old village near the coast. As a result, he devided the land
and gave ‘borrowing right’ for the people of Manatanen, namely Sembae, Maniambo,
Rumansara to open their plantations (100 Meters from the coastline to the land (length)
and -/+ 100 meters width/ 100x100). In addition, he also gave small borrowing areals for
the teachers (the Suara Burumai interview with an elder, Injai Silas Rawai, 2020]
In addition, the land of Manatanen in according to the 1980-1990s agreement was stated
that:
1. The Land of Manatanen belongs to the true-kove family
2. The Land of Manatanen is signed/located by the course of Mana varwajae in the
eastern part to the head of the river, cross to the west link with the head of Mana tanen
river, and down to the water course of the Mana tanen river.
3. The Land of Manatanen IS NOT for selling
4. The Land of Manatanen is invested as ‘borrowing’ and ‘not as belonging’ for the new
comers, namely Sembae, Paai Maniambo (Except the Mana kamandawane to arova),
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kove-Mana vugaempat (except an inland areals, at the east part of Mana varwajae
village) Numansara/Rumansara and Rumansara to open farms. The others, relatives
to these families, will be worked under their borrowing areals for farming.
[The rawae family was not included. However, they choose areal for their
plantation and lived under the third agreement or follow their relatives, the kove]
5. Any the decisions for the Land of Manatanen is announced and decided by the truekove family
(Source: injae Andarias Kuwei 1998)
-
Another Proof of the Kove’s Myth and Name
Linguistically, it can be confirmed to the native speaker of Yawa-Unat at the village that the
word ovare can be defined as they (those who are from different place and does not stay at the
village). [ovare] in yawa-unat consists of [o][var][e] in which each morphemes have meaning but
link to each other and form one meaning; [o] refers to something that someone is facing or
something or someone that the speaker recognizes, [var] means light and [e] means something,
someone, or somebody.
Based on the meaning of each morphemes, the word ovare can be also defined as
‘someone from the light”. This word actually strongly represents the existence of the myth, Nuem,
in the dark and how he defined those who can live in the light. In another words, it can be
assumed that the word derived from the Nuem’s life experience.
Another proof of the kove existence at the time can be seen as kove is used to name a
shore, koveame. Now, it is known as kowiami. Koveam is a shore at Kampung Dore Manona.
(Notes: the historical review of this report is the result of an interview with only a keret (a family) of
the tribe called Rawai. Therefore, the recent research of the historical background is still
conducted)
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b. Today’s Manatanen
-
Geographic Information and Profile
Manatanen is located in North Yapen District, Yapen Island Regency, Papua Province.
The land of Manatanen belongs to the Kov[e] or known as the Kuwei family for centuries. This
family is recognized as indigenous of the land, followed by the Rawai, Sembai, Maniambo,
Turunat, Rumansara, and the new comers (1970s-Present) such as Kapisa, Kaisiri, Aiwui, Sroyer,
Rumbiak, Arampi, Kadiwaru, and Horota. The indigenous people of the Manatanen speak YawaUnat, Papuan Malay, while the new comers mostly speak Papuan Malay and their natives Biak,
Poom, and Waropen. All the people of Manatanen are Christians (Lutheran).
Picture 2. Manatanen Village seen by the ocean to the east cape (arova at Rosbori village)
(photo in 2008, by Alfons Sembai)
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Manatanen is bordered by Rosbori village in the west coast, the Kampung Dore Manona in
the east coast, the Aimbaidiru village in the south (inland), and Pacific Ocean, Yapen Gulf, in the
North (Kuwei G., 2007). According to his study, the total population of the village was 475 people
(Kantor Kampung Roswari tahun 2004). The statistics are shown on the following tables:
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total
Religion
Islam
Christian
Catholic
Hinduism
Buddhism
Total Amount
475 People
475 People
Table 1. Total Population and Religion (Kampung Roswari, 2004)
No
Occupation
Total Amount/family
1
Civil Servant
7 People
2
Farmers
85 People
3
Fishermen
8 People
4
Construction Workers
5 People
5
Seller
-
6
Repair person
-
7
Driver
2 People
8
Expired
1 People
9
General workers
-
10
Military Officers
1 People
Total
111 People
Table 2. Total Occupation (Kampung Roswari tahun 2004)
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The table two shows that most of the population work as farmers with total 85 in 2004. The
total occupation followed by 8 fishermen, 7 civil servants, 5 construction workers, 2 drivers, 1
expired and 1 military officer. Therefore, of 475 total population, only 111 (23%) are working at any
fields while the rest, including children and teenagers, are jobless.
c. Uniqueness
Due to the meaning of its name, among all the villages in North Yapen Island Districts,
Manatanen is well known for its friendly people, culture, agriculture, forestry, corals, water
resources, and coastal area and ecosystem.
-
Friendly People
Manatanen People is well known for their friendly welcome to any new comers and their
culture of serving people. If you visit this land, the people will always say hello to you, approach
you and ask you to drink a cup of tea or coffee at their house. Or they will welcome you with a cup
of drunk called “awi or Bobo”.
Besides drink, they will ask you also to rest at their house before you continue your trip.
They will ask you to visit their gardens or go for fishing, do hiking and diving. They really respect
the visitors a lot. Because of their respect to newcomers, sometimes they are called “they who love
visitors more than their own children”. In Addition, Children to young people, especially male, of the
village love to play football. They have weekly friendly match against any team from their
neighborhood at the village’s soccer field.
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Picture 3. The two indigenous people of the village, namely Anda (aunt) Regina and Anda
Maria Kove/Kuwei (location, Trans Yapen main street, Vampine, Manatanen)
Picture 4. Two arikainy (children) are playing football
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-
Traditions
Manatanen people put their highest honor to Christian traditions such as Passover,
Christmas, Gospel Day, and any activities related to church programs. In the other side, they, old
or senior villagers, do not put so much attention on traditional event because many of their
children and grandchildren are studying at cities such as Jayapura, Biak, Serui, Nabire,
Manokwari, Manado, Malang and Jakarta.
They only celebrate the traditional event at family gathering on December and on summer
Holiday, mostly by transferring knowledge of their ancestors and tradition through stories such as
folklores and descriptions about previous bad experiences, families and relatives, warnings and
borders.
Furthermore, they put their respect to their land, ocean, corals and garden, called
“nawaisy”. Nawaisy, a place for plantation, is their office where they put so much time, faith and
work. In addition, the people of Manatanen also love to visit their relatives.
-
Natural Resources
The agriculture, forestry, water resource and coastal ecosystem are the most precious
natural resources. These natural resources have sustained economic atmosphere and become
important sources for living. The Manatanen is well known for its fruits and local food agriculture
such as durian, bananas, rambutan, coconut, sagoo, cassava and vegetables. Mostly, these
plantation are developed in traditional agriculture system by each family.
They put their efforts and business on these agricultural resources. In the harvest,
especially on March, June, July and December, they sell their products to cities such as Biak and
Serui, and sometimes Nabire, Waropen and Jayapura.
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Picture 5. Carrying their products to Serui (the capital of Yapen Island regency)
Furthermore, Manatanen’s forest consists of small to huge and tall trees growing at the
mountains create rapid composition and produced crowded jungle. The jungle of the mountain
consists of big trees such as the merbau (intsia bijuga), the matoa (pometia piñata), banyan (vicus
benyamina), and resin.
This rapid composition saves water and becomes an important natural resources. It is a
safety place for the living of some unique and endemic animals such as the bird of paradise and
mamals such as cuscus. There are four mountains stood as barrier of the village, namely awainde,
tanen, ayodi and karisy. From these mountains, water flows to four main rivers and are consumed
by the people for daily needs. The rivers are named Mana varwajae, Mana vumae, Mana kat,
Mana kananomandae, and Mana tanen. These rivers are important for agriculture in the village and
become a promising place for the fresh water biota to live.
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Picture 6. Mountain as barriers (Awainde Mountain) behind the village (3 Km from the
Ocean, South border, Yapen Gulf)
Coastal ecosystem is another heritage. Based on the Kove’s border (the traditional areal,
especially coastline), the coastline is about 5.720 meters (5 Kilo meter 720 meters) length. About
3.720 meters from the village to the east border consist of primarily coastal forest (about -/+ 10
meters from the coastline to the mountain) while 2000 meters (2 Kilo Meters) part of the land (main
village areal) were changed with the local plantation, especially coconut plantation. This coastal
ecosystem areal, especially land closed to the ocean, is a promising place for plantation. People of
Manatanen name each area of their plantation in Yawa-Unate language such as Mana-to-[wa]sae,
Mana[wa] Embae, Mana[wa] Nueme, Mana[wa] kaepewaen, Mana[wa] kat, Mana[wa][var]wajae,
Mana[wa] [va]raraven, Mana[wa] [va] tanen, Mana[wa] [va]kanenomandae and Mana[wa] vumae.
Each family, utilize their ‘borrowing right’ (according to the 1980s agreement made by Andreas
Kove/Kuwei and the People of Manatanen) to plant durian, rambutan, beetle nuts, coconuts,
bananas, cassava and other kind of plantation.
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Picture 7. The Coastal, 3.720 Meters to the east border from the village
No Location
1. Towasae
2.
Mana kat
3.
Mana embae
Name of the family
- Rumansara
- Rawai
- Kuwei
- Kapisa
- Yosias Kuwei
- Pilemon Kuwei Mana empat
(Closed to the head of the
Mana Kat river)
-
Rumansara Karutut (Debelius,
Zakarias, Boy)
Kornoles Maniambo
Alfons and Mesak Sembae
Meriba/Ferderek Rumansara
Welmus and Robert
Rumansara
Gad Kuwei
Gerson and Yafet Maniambo
-
Silas Rawai
Nikodemus Rawai
Menaser Rawai
Matias Rawai
-
4.
Mana Nueme
Type Of Plantation
- Coconut
- Cassava and Carrot
-
Coconut
Kakao (1960s-2008)
Durian
Bettle nuts
Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
Coconut
Kakao (1960s-2008)
Durian
Bettle nuts
Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
-
Coconut
Kakao (1960s-2008)
Durian
Bettle nuts
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5.
Mana
Kaepewaen
-
Anton Sembae
-
-
Lukas Maniambo
Naftali Sembae
Rio Sembae/Adrianus
Maniamboe
Sefnat and Yahya Sembai
Jimi Karson Maniambo
Welmus Rumansara (Followed
by Kaisiri family)
Enos and Yosepus Sembai
Yones Maniambo/Sroyer
Gad Kuwei
Berens Arampi
Pilemon/Yakob Kuwei Mana
rampapat
Derek Kuwei/Sandona Kuwei
-
-
6.
7.
7.
8.
Mana
Mambanyaren
-
Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
Coconut
Kakao (1960s-2008)
Durian
Bettle nuts
Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
Coconut
Kakao (1960s-2008)
Durian
Bettle nuts
Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
- Banana plantation
- Manggoes
Mana Vumae
- Ruben Rawai
- Coconut
- Andarias Kuwei (Aleksander
- Kakao (1960s-2008)
and Siriwai Kuwei)
- Durian
- Gad Kuwei (Followed by Amon
- Bettle nuts
Sroyer)
- Rambutan
- Yakob and Derek Kuwei
Cassava and Carrot
Yakob Maniambo
- Banana plantation
Manggoes
Mana
- Nikolaus Rumansara
- Coconut
kajorawaen
- Yafet and Gerson Maniambo
- Kakao (1960s-2008)
- Durian
- Bettle nuts
- Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
- Banana plantation
Mana varwajae
- Ambau Erari
- Coconut
- Kakao (1960s-2008)
- Durian
- Bettle nuts
- Rambutan
Cassava and Carrot
- Manggoes
Table 3. The Local Plantation Areal (3,720 meters, Suara Burumai 2014-2020)
-
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The shows a number of family who are living in Manatanen village and occupy a borowing
areal for farming. These family are the Rawae, Rumansara, Maniambo, Sembae, Kuwei, Kuwei
Mana empat, and the new comers Arampi, Sroyer and Kapissa. They occuppy the areal as they
are named in Yawa language called Mana Towasae to Mana varwajae.
In other side, these families do not only occupy the coastal areal. They also occupy
another borrowing areals for farming behind the village. In fact, these farming are given not only for
the families but also for the church. These areal are planted with arabica cofee, kakao, langsat,
Rambutan, betle nuts, jackfruit, and durian.
Furthermore, the ocean consists of a rectangle coral-reefs growing pattern. It becomes
homes to fishes and spot for fishermen from the village and from another villages to look for their
fortune. The coral is growing in groups and at various distances from the coastline. These groups
of coral-reefs are in Manatanen, Mana Kananomandae, Mana Nuem (known as anyanewon) in the
east, Mana mambanyareven, Mana vumae, Mana araraven, and Mana var[wa]jae in the west.
The rectangle coral-reefs grow exactly at the cape of Mana Nuem to Mana varjae. These
coral reefs are very important for the fisherman. According to a traditional diver, name arakovo
Apolos Arampi, the areal of each coral reef is about -/+ 50 meters wide/length. There are diving
spots for turtle and fish.
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Picture 8. A Fishermen on the Ocean (Location Mana embae)
d. Early Engineering and Infrastructure Innovations
In 2005 to 2010, the Manatanen Authority proposed new innovative projects. The projects
were footbal field, hydroelectric power plant and an underwater chart. The Authority was aware of
natural resources of the village, especially water resources and fishery. They offered these
innovations and were believed to be the biggest engineering projects of the village.
1. Football Field
Football field was a project offered by the village authority to the government of the
regency in 2005. Then, the government supported their offer constructing a football
field. This project was unfully funded.
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In order to fulfill their financial problem, people of the village established the field
with their own donation and work. Then, they named it ‘Soleman Betawi Field”, name
of the regent in 2005.
2. Hydroelectric Power Plant
They were trying to build an hydroelectric power plant due the rich sources of water. This
innovation was compatible because the need of electricity and the supporting natural resources.
Thus, the Authority, the chiefman, injai Naftali Sembai and his secretary, injai Alfons Sembai built
a corporation with policy maker of the regency, Mr. Daud Soleman Betawi, the regent of Yapen
island regency in 2005.
Their proposal was accepted. As a result, he ordered construction materials, a ton of
cements, to the village. The cements were about to use for constructing water dam close to the
water spring of Mana kananomandae and Mana tanen. According to their planning, the water dam
would be constructed to accomodate water flow. However, the project was cancelled in 2006. It
was canceled because Mr. Daud Soleman Betawi was suspected as a corruptor.
In other side, they do not have any engineers who can lead the project and built the power
plant. Later in 2007, the government stopped funding the project. Tons of the cements were not
used, hardened and destroyed. However, some of the hardened cements were used to construct
the floor of their houses.
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Picture 9. A small water dam built in 2008 at the spring of Manakanomandae
In addition, the water dam that they built as seen in picture 9, became the only source of
water that can reach to each houses of the people at the village. The water is streamed through
pipes connected to the dam and link to every houses. It is a promising development and has
helped people of the village to get easy acces to fresh and health water.
According to our interview with the head of the village in 2018, he said that this local
sanitation system that they have constructed is very helpful. However, there are problems rising
later. They found that they must keep the flowing pattern of the dam and keep the pipes clean in
order to drain the water smoothly. He added, they need to be trained and learned more about how
to manage their draination system. In fact, no one is able to train them ever since.
Another issue is that it seems to be difficult to get acces for water close to their houses
during the rain season every year. During the rain, the water flowing inside the pipes is clogged up
by gravels and sands. These materials close the nozzles of the pipes link to the dam. Then, the
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draination system can not be working very well. In addition, flood of the river carry gravels and
sands fulfilling. They have to walk a few kilometers to the mountain, where the dam is established
to clean it with shovels and other equipments.
On the other hand, there are only two sources of water that they can use during the
summer or hot season. This source is closed to the western part of the village, kopae water
springs (has been used for years since 1900) and a small ground-well owned by the Sembae
family located in the middle of the village. The other families can actually construct their wells.
However, they can not do the construction due to the sanitation systems that have been
established and pollute the underground water availability in the village. Therefore, they need a
new inovation for draination and sanitation system.
3. Underwater Chart (a Traditional Fish Aggregating Device)
Fishery is one of the possible future industry in Manatanen village. To develop this
industry, the authority offered a chart-construction (Rumpon) in 2006. They involved people of the
village and constructed an under-water chart made by cements and concrete wire. The chart was
additionaly designed with fresh coconut leaves.
Later, they carried the chart with a traditional boat to the ocean, a fishing spot known as
kababur (a fringing reefs), about 10 Kilo meters from the land to the Yapen Gulf. The chart was
drawn at the spot, connected by a string to the surface and signed with a wide fish buoy.
The idea behind this concept was that the chart will hold planton and food. The plantons
and food will attract fish, living around the reef-coral, to approach and lived close to it. As they
approach the chart, their presence will attract more fish to swim closer. However, in order to let the
fish assembly, the chart must be left for a week. Therefore, once they drawn the chart, they left it
for a week in which no one was allowed to go for fishing at the spot.
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As a result, this idea was helpful that it increased their catching for almost two years
(2006-2008) as some of the fishermen told us during our observation. The chart made the
fishermen not only from the village but also from Biak and other village easier to catch the fish.
However, they lost the chart in 2010. It was used only for two years. People of the village
suspected that the charts was stolen by fishermen from other villages. The others suspected that it
was because of a big storm. Until today, nobody knows where the chart gone.
4. Road and Bridges Infrastructure by the PNPM Mandiri Program
Another program was road, toilets and bathrooms, and bridges infrastructure donated by
the PNPM Mandiri program in 2008. It was a development policy (Membangun dari Kampung ke
Kota) of the Papua Province pioneered by Barnabas Suebu (the Governor of Papua 2006-2011)
in which villages in Papua were funding for infrastructure.
As a result, they built roads, toilets and bathrooms, and bridges. There are six bridges,
main roads (+/-720 meters) and three alleys (about +/- 100 meters). There are also 7 toilets and
bathrooms made for the school, church, and built at each alleys.
These infrastructure are now used by people of the village. In fact, the benefit of the
infrstructure, such as the road, is that the people of Manatanen can easily put their products near
by their houses at each alleys and the taxi (angkot) will come and pick them.
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Picture 10. The third Alley, called Samuel Street, Manatanen Village
e. Environmental Challenges
Among all the beauty and development program of the land, the land faces continual
environmental challenges. The word “challenges” here refers to any actions that destroy and
change nature periodically in which it makes the environment needs an immediate actions to be
prevented.
The challenges are begun with natural phenomena such as Global Warming and by
human activities. On our observation and interview, we found that the challenges are coastal
abrasion, the use of chemicals and electric for fishing, the use of rifle for massive hunting, the
illegal logging, and the use of trawl for fishing. In other words, the most destructive challenges are
human activities.
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-
Abrasion
An extensive abrasion caused by the mining activities, earthquake and tjunami has
shortened the coastline. On an interview with an old villager, he said that it is because of
human activities. As he remembered that in 1986, he was about 17 years old, the PT.
Pitawaka and PT. Deriko from Biak made a one year deal with the landowner of
Manatanen, the Kuwei family, to dig up more than 2000 tons of building materials (sand
and gravel) at Mana towasae and Mana kat shore.
The materials were carried to Biak and used to build the PT. Pertamina seaport in
Biak. In exchange, the PT. Pitawaka fully funded the GKI Baitania church’s construction in
Manatanen. Other mining activities were in 1990s carrying a few tons of sand and gravels
(in Mana [var]tanen) for the renovation of the same seaport.
These activities had damaged the coastline and caused abrasion in 1998 when the
earthquake and tjunami hit the Yapen Gulf. Furthermore, the abrasion caused by the
mining project had also cut off coconut plantation in the coast and destroy more than 100
coastal primary trees such as the ketapan (catapa catapa) and the nyamplung
(callophylum innophylum).
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Picture 11. Shore Abrasion, Towasae beach
-
The use of chemicals and electric power for fishing
Using chemicals and electric power for catching the freshwater biota such as
snakehead fish, eel, and prawn is common practices that we found during our observation.
Not only people of the village but also those from different villages mostly choose
chemicals such as thiodan 4EC and electricity powered by generator to catch fish at the
rivers.
These destructive fishing technique is barely done because it produces amount
catches rather than using the traditional ways. However, it decreases the number of the
biota. In other side, it is possibly poisoned the water. The water becomes unsafe for
consumption and for the living of the biota.
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Picture 12. The water course of the Mana Vumae
-
The use of rifle for hunting
Every family of the village has at least 2 rifles or even more. These rifles are used
for hunting. The hunting activities are conducted almost daily every year. They usually hunt
in groups. As we observed, a group could kill more than three Cuscus or any kind of birds
every day on a hunting trip. And if the action is done by a person, an individual hunter is
able to kill one or two Cuscus or birds every day. In one year, a group of hunters possibly
kill 1.095 cuscus and it would be more than that number if they are two groups.
On the other side, another hunting activity that is also done for the bird of paradise
and types of birds in common is destructive. There is no exact number of total hunting and
killings. However, it can be observed that the existences of these animals are decreased.
According to our childhood experience working with our parents on the Arabica coffee
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plantation in 1996-1998 (the plantation is located 30 meters from the civilization), these
birds were easy to be found on trees around the plantation. Later in 2000, it is quite difficult
to find and see the birds playing on trees’ branches close to the village as they were
appeared before.
Picture 13. Local Plantation 30 meters behind the village
-
The illegal logging activities
I started this subject by quoted from what the expert says about illegal logging activities
and why it must be stopped:
“Illegal logging has a huge impact on the loss of tropical forests in the key countries that
account for the vast majority of deforestation. These forest are being lost at the rate of two
football fields a minute and contribute the same amount of global warming pollution as all
of the world’s transportation emissions, so stopping forest loss is critical to our efforts to
address global warming”
May 04 2010, Jake Schmidt, www.nrdc.org
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The illegal logging activities in our village are not in a huge scale. However, it takes a half
number of trees on the jungle. The activities are mostly conducted by some people of the village
for infrastructure purpose, making houses and public facilitation such as toilet and schools. In
other side, the logging activities for individual benefit rise up earlier in 2017. It is after the opening
of the Trans Yapen road. Illegal loggers, unknown loggers, came from the village or different
villages cut off the trees and sold them to the dark markets. These practices are conducted till
2020. For example, in 2018 we found a few cubic of the logging put at the Trans Yapen road. We
found that these activities were conducted by those from different villages, put them on the street
for selling. We confirmed to the landowner, the confirmation was that it is illegal because the
loggers did not confirm. However, the landowner could not take further action to bend the activities
in order to avoid conflicts among village.
These illegal logging activities are mostly conducted at the mountains because the trees
are at the mountain and most activities of the people are not at the mountain. The loggers claimed
that they have asked for permission somewhere and argued they were right. We predict that these
illegal activities have destroyed the forest at least 10% of the trees in the jungle.
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Picture 14. A track of an ilegal logging activity near the lower course of mana vade river
-
The use of trawl for fishing
The use of trawl for fishing is usually applied by the fishermen from another villages. It is
reported that many of them are from Biak island and Yobi village in the east. They sail accross the
Yapen gulf or far from the east to catch the fish near the shore of the village. They are mostly
looking for and catch the julung-julung fish (Hemiramphus brasiliensis) using the trawl.
The Julung julung fish swim in group near coast of the village of Manatanen because of
the corals. The coral quarter growing formation of the coast saves lots of nutrition and food.
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Picture 15. The Julung-Julung Boat from Yobi Village over the sea near the village
According to a fisherman from Manatanen, he said that using trawl destroy the corals
ecosystem which affect the existence of the fish. As he predicted that the trawl has scared the fish
for reaching their food near the corals.
Since many of the corals grow near the shore or link to it, fish are looking for food near by
the shore. However, he found difficulties catching fish at these spots recently. He and the other
Manatanen’s fishermen have to row far to the ocean unlike before. Furthermore, the use of trawl
catch massive number of fish.
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2.2. Roles, Application, SDGs and Actions
a. The role (Origin of our role) of the Suara Burumai
Relizing that the environment is possibly in a great damage, these environmental issues became
the Suara Burumai’s concern in 2014. We discussed all the environmental challenges faced by the village
and think of actions that we can take imediately.
The idea was that:
“we need to establish an organization, set up its aims, planning the work and target of the
organization, offer the concept through seminars, discussion, and workshops with local authority,
recruit members for working with us, and predict the period of our work”
Later, the idea was accepted as we offered to the authorities. It is well developed. It is well
developed because we start the work by taking notes and do some studies about the living sectors of the
village. We do research, observations, interview and discussions with people of the village about how to
develop the sectors.
These new concepts born the role of the organization written in Yawa Language “mayao po kove
raguav”, meaning critics for good. For the Suara Burumai, any related “critics” to our aims is very important.
Critics allow us to think more faster and take appropriate actions. Therefore, the role of the Suara Burumai
is critics. Furthermore, we link the critics with our studies and researches.
b. Application of the Role
In order to have more critics, we stimulize our movements by activating our administration and
think of ideas to implement. We conducted actions, research, and observations towards the living sectors.
We run seminars and workshops about the living sectors in corporations with our local links. We sent letters
for permission to the gorvernment and security to inform every events we are conducting in the village
since 2017. In the end, we always make, wriiten in books, and store our reports to the authorities.
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The point is that we periodically slowly make differences as we direct the way people think by
turning their attentions into our activities and actions. It takes time, however, we are working on it all days.
One of the concept that we are trying to adapt and link to the role of the organization is the SDGs concept:
c. SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
We have adapted and linked the SDGs with aims of the organization. Since 2014, we have
been linked our targets with two points of the SDGs namely: Live On Land and Equality Education.
By the two focuses, we have conducted practices and every direct environmental study together
with students of Elementary to senior high school and we also involved the community into our
seminars, discussion classes, and workshops conducted at every summer (August-July) and
Christmas holiday (December-January) in the village.
Of all the efforts, we are actually trying to balance knowledge of environment and to reset
human activities to sustain the function of the environment for future generation in our village.
Furthermore, we could actually develop the nature into more advances use. What do we mean by
advances use will be discussed later in this summary.
d. Actions
2014-2017
1. The recruitment program
Our first action was the recruitment program. As we believe that to make a big
dream happens, it takes a big work, it means that we must have a team work. Thus, we
planned a recruitment program. The Suara Burumai conducted its recruitment program in
2014. It was firstly conducted by Siriwai Kuwei and Demianus Maniambo. This program is
continually conducted it until today.
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It reached out senior high schools’ graduates, who are originally from Manatanen
Village, to pursue their further study at the State University of Papua, Manokwari Regency.
The purpose is that these students will require a better education and as they come
studying at the University. In other side, it becomes easy for the CEO and early CoFounder of the organization to reach them. We could easily give scientific description of
every actions and information of the village and attract them to work with us. If they are
attracted, we will give them training and responsibilities to work with the Suara Burumai
team.
In 2014 to 2017, the recruitment program targeted 10 graduates. However, only 5
students were successfully recruited. The successful recruitments were namely Rinto D.
Kuwei-Rumansara (Alm), Nehemia Sembai and Ellden Paai (2014), Noak Rumansara
(2015), Sandona Kuwei-Mana vugampat (2016), Ofni Sembai (2017) and Thomas Sembai
(2018).
2. Donation Program
Followed by the recruitment program, the Suara Burumai also organized the
donation program. The CEO and Co-Founders of the organization try to donate things for
the village. Especially, we donate supporting tools and funding for our main targets. These
targets include schools, church organization, and the village.
Since 2014 and recently, we have been donated ideas by presenting our reports to
the village authority and a guitar for the students’ Sunday School Program. We have also
funded one of our teammate, Noak Rumansara, with the first Suara Burumai’s scholarship,
a 1000,000,00 milion rupiah.
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Picture 16. Meeting with the Reqruited Members of The Suara Burumai
2017
1. Information Board
Our third program was “building information board”. On August 2017 during the
school (summer) holiday, the Suara Burumai conducted its first social activity. In
corporation with School Authority and members of the local students’ organization, we
created “information board”.
There were three information boards made by the Suara Burumai. The board
contained information of three main issues: language conservation, ethnographic news
including culture, and message for students. The language conservation board consists of
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list of local names and area written in Yava-Unate Language. The board was established
at borders of the village. The boards were built at the main street, School Yard and at the
border.
Furthermore, the board of ethnographic news contains information about
indigenous people, etymology of the village’s name, and the families’ names (new comers
and old villagers). This board was built exactly at the main street of the village.
The other board was written in a poem by an old teacher of the only elementary
school in the village. The board aims to inspire the students to study and reach their
dream. It was built at the school yard.
Picture 17. The Second Information Board
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Picture 18. The third Information Board
Picture 19. The Information Board
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2018
1. Meeting with the local authorities, Seminars and Workshops
On January 2018, the CEO of Suara Burumai initiated a meeting with the
representation of church authority, local village authority, youth leaders, students’
representation, teachers and the customary leaders to discuss the role of students on
developing the living sectors of the village. They were totally fourteen members of the
meeting.
As a result, we agreed to arrange a conference called Musyawarah Besar Ikatan
Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Asal Kampung Manatanen Desa Roswari on June 2018. The basic
idea of the conference was that “sharing ideas to develop the living sectors and making
rules to sustain the sectors role”.
The Members of Suara Burumai were nominated to be the committee of the event.
The team selected arakovo Thomas Sembae as the cordinator. Thus, the committee
coordinator, Thomas Sembai, programmed a few monthly meetings back in Manokwari at
the University, started from January to May 2018 before the event was held. We discussed
and arranged main concept of the event and also suggested the other option (plan B). We
decided three activities which were Musyawarah Besar Program, Seminar and Workshops.
Later on June 2018, the Musyawarah Besar event was canceled because of the
administrative problem. Therefore, it was changed with seminars with three main topics:
Forbidden Drugs and Youth Involvement at Social Activities, Agriculture, and seminar on
Education: Opportunities to study at the best University and higher institutions in Papua
and west Papua Province and workshops of photography. The seminars and workshops
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conducted at two different villages, were attended by more than fifty villagers in Manatanen
Village and more than twenty villagers at the neighborhood, Rosbori Village.
Picture 20. The CEO of Suara Burumai in Meeting with the Authorities on January
2018 located at Gedung Serbaguna (meeting building) of the GKI Baitania Church
Picture 21. The CEO of Suara Burumai is giving the opening introduction
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Picture 22. Thomas sembai is speaking about Yawa-Language Conservation
Picture 23. Participants of the event
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Picture 20-23. Seminar and Workshops on Education and related topics in
Manatanen Village located at Meeting Building of the GKI Baitania Church, Bapa Naftali
Sembai (chief of the village authority) is signing the event’s report
Continually, the same seminar was also conducted in Rosbori village:
Picture 24. Injae Wanggori ( a teacher) is giving a speech
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Picture 25. Head of the village (Kepala Desa) Injae Imbiri addressed the opening
sentences for the event
Picture 26. Anenap kuru no Derek Kuwei-Manaempat is giving his speech as the
representing the customary institution
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As feedback of the seminars and workshops, the local students association
(IPEMAROS) are now fully funded with dana Pendidikan Desa, people of the village fully
support the Suara Burumai activities in Manatanen Village, and the Suara Burumai
successfully inspired some senior high school graduates from the Rosbori village to pursue
their bachelor degree at the State University of Papua. The members of Suara Burumai
were also suggested by the local village authorities to annually conduct the activities to
villages in north Yapen district.
2018/2019
After the Summer Activities, the Suara Burumai team discussed further actions
that we decided to build another “information board” and conducted a research (an
observation) on Coastal ecosystem, especially trees, on Christmas and New Year Holliday
(2018/2019). Furthermore, we also continue to do the photography activities.
1. Establishing Information Board
The information board contains some proverbs. These boards were established at
the coast of the village and at the other border. The activities involved totally more than
fifty participants (elementary to university students) in which about 45 students were
involved to work on making the board
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Picture 27
2. Conducted Research about Trees at Coastal Ecosystem
Moreover, the research was conducted to enlist information about number of trees
growing on the coast. The works were recorded on videos (Uploaded on our facebook
page Mana Burumai) and photographs. The research activities were attended by four
students of the village. The research object was the coastal ecosystem especially trees
that grow along the shore of the village.
These students were given papers, pens, and pencils. Their jobs were to count the
numbers of trees that they are assigned for. Each student was given assignments to count
5 trees. The counting areal started from the central village to the west border of the village
(Manavade) in which the areal were devided into 7 groups. The counting was conducted in
three days
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Picture 28. A student, name Yosua kuwei-Manavaempat is taking notes
Picture 29. A student, name Otis Wereni is observing the trees
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Pictures 30. The observation and the notes taking
3. Feeding The Fish at every River
As we do the observation, we also observed the existence of spotted barb (P.
Binotatus). This fish mostly live at the water course near the coastline, swimming against
the course and look for food. As we observed that many of them are likely live in the pool
of the water course. We spent end of our daily research schedule to feed them.
We feed the fish with insects (infraordo isopetra), in Yawa language it is called
Pusso. The pusso is easy found living at their nest link to the coastal trees. We took the
pusso and brought near the pool once we reach it. Later, we broke the nest and threw the
pusso to water direction. The fish will swim and approach it.
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Picture 31. CEO of the Suara Burumai is Feeding the Fish with Pusso at the water
course of Mana Vumae (Photo Suara Burumai, 2019)
4. Observation on Number of houses in the village
Besides the social activities and research, we also observed number of houses in
the village and find information about it. As we studied, the people of Manatanen
indigeneously living at stilts house, a traditional stilts house. It is made of sagoo leaves for
the roof, the resin skin or sagoo (a palm) branch for its wall, the floor is made of palms
(pigafetta elata palm) and the constructin of the house is tighten with a nails, taking from
the mountains. There are two different types of nails namely rotan and the other one
(unrecorded). The house stands on more than 100 feet, two 2 meters above the ground.
This type of house could accomodate more than 3 families.
Centuries ago, the houses were made at the Mountain (awainde mountain) and at
the Mana vumae village as they migrated, especially by the Kove/Kuwei and Rawae
family. Later in 1970s (as it is told by the elder), the house is built near the coast (Mana
kamandavane and manatanen). However, storms from the ocean destroyed many of the
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houses. Thus, the people changed location to build the houses. They imigrated to new
location about 20-150 meters from the coastline.
However, the stilts house is changing due to earlier government program for
making houses for every family. This program periodically change the traditional ways of
living but also types of the house. Now days, people of Manatanen prefer to own a cement
floor houses.
As we observed, total number of houses in the village were 49 in which the
amount consist of 18 (37%) stilts house while the rest were 30 (61%) cement floor houses
(Suara Burumai, January 2018). The stilts house belong to Injai Silas Rawai, Arakovo
Noak Rumansara, Nikodemus Rawai, Arifin Kuwei, Sakarias Rumansara, Amon Sroyer,
Anda Karson Maniambo, Injai Pilemon Kuwei, Yonansius Rumansara (Anenam Maria
Rawai-Rumansara), arakovo Welmus Rumansara, Benyamin Paai, Injai Nikolaus
Rumansara, Injai Anton Sembai, Injai Alfons Sembai, Guru no Arwam, Injai Naftali
Sembai, Injai Guru no Maniamboe, injai Yakob Maniambo, arakovo Semu Maniambo, and
Arakovo wanya Hana Sembai.
We observed the houses in order to document arsitectural change of the
Manatanen people and to see how it changes cultural of the people. We also think that this
arsitectural information is important to consider the landscape (geological feature) of the
land and appropriate type of house that have passed by the ancestors to their generations
in the village. In other side, this data can be used to count and see the development of
buildings and to consider number of additional building years later.
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Picture 32. A traditional stilts house belongs to Arakovo Benyamin Paai
5. Seedbeds Program
Another program in Januari 2018 was the seedbeds program. As the
students were involved during the research, they were also asked to make
seedbeds for trees plantation. It is one of many ways to protect our
environment. At the other side, the tudents also learn how to take actions
protecting the nature.
Picture 33. Seedbeds arranged at back yard of Arakovo wanya Eka Kuwei’s house
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Picture 34. The students are working on the seedbeds
6. Enlist Number of Active Students, Droppouts, and Graduates
Furthermore, we also enlist number of active students, droppouts, and Graduates
in January 2018. One of the Suara Burumai Members, namely Thomas sembai, was
assigned to enlist the total amount of students from Manatanen. The list covers all
students from junor-senior high school (elementary school data was unavailable), the
dropouts, and the graduates. As he observed, he found that there are totally 55 students.
NO
Nama
Jenis Kelamin
Laki-Laki
1
John Aiwui
√
2
Awila Aiwui
√
3
Hosea Sembai
√
4
Zeth Maniambo
√
5
Moses Maniambo
√
6
Leonardo Maniambo
√
7
Benyamin Rawai
√
8
Naftali Arampi
√
9
Alexander Sembai
√
Perempuan
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59
10
Mansar Kaisiri
√
11
Daniel Kaisiri
√
12
Keliopas Kapisa
√
13
Melianus Kuwei
√
14
Gerad Sembai
√
15
Yana Kapisa
√
16
Tesa Maniambo
√
17
Falentina Paai
√
18
Kristin Paai
√
19
Martina Kuwei
√
20
Nurei Maniambo
√
14
6
TOTAL
20
Table 4. List of students who are pursuing their studies at Junior high school
(source: Thomas Sembai, the Suara Burumai, 2018)
No
Nama Lengkap
Jenis Kelamin
Laki-Laki
Perempuan
1
Ismail Arampi
√
2
Martinus Arampi
√
3
Penetus Aiwui
√
4
Roi Rawai
√
5
Andarias Kuwei
√
6
Soleman Paai
√
7
Elia Sembai
√
8
Nikson Aiwui
√
9
Ester Kuwei
√
10
Lili Maniambo
√
11
Mansar Rumansara
√
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60
7
4
TOTAL
11
Table 5. List of Senior high school students (Thomas Sembai, the Suara Burumai,
2018)
No
Nama Lengkap
Jenis Kelamin
Laki-Laki
Perempuan
1
Charles Aiwui
√
2
Pather Kapisa
√
3
Abertus Maniambo
√
4
Susana Rawai
√
5
Ina Kuwei
√
6
Maria Siburi
√
7
Thomas Paai
√
8
Sandona Kuwei
√
9
Ofni Sembai
√
10
Thomas Sembai
√
11
Otniel Rumbiak
√
12
Jhon Arwam
√
13
Arifin Kuwei
√
14
Beni Rumansara
√
15
Susanti Rumansara
√
12
TOTAL
4
15
Table 6. List of University Students (Thomas Sembai’s Observation, the Suara
Burumai, 2018)
According to the data of the tables 4, 5, and 6, it can be seen that the total number
of active students at junior to Universities and higher education are 46 students. Of the
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total, there are 20 students (43%) at junior high school, 11 (24%) students are at senior
high school, and the number of students at universities and higher institution are 15 (33%).
Therefore, most of the students are actively pursuing their study at junior high school,
followed by University and higher institution, and at the senior high schools in 2018.
Furthermore, data of the dropouts is presenting in the following table:
No
Nama Lengkap
Jenis Kelamin
Laki-Laki
1
Boi Rumansara
√
2
Yusuf Rumansara
√
3
Epson Rumansara
√
4
Novelius Arampi
√
5
Herman Kaisiri
√
6
Zakharias Rumansara
√
7
William Kaisiri
√
8
Matias Rawai
√
9
Yohan Maniambo
√
10
Barnabas Maniambo
√
11
Regen Rawai
√
12
Petrus Maniambo
√
13
Marten Maniambo
√
14
Ottow Sroyer
√
15
Peneas Maniambo
√
16
Rio Sembai
√
17
Yeremias Arampi
√
18
Ottow Arampi
√
19
Yones Sroyer
√
20
Aris Maniambo
√
Perempuan
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21
Demianus Maniambo
√
22
Wampari Maniambo
√
23
Sarah Sembai
√
24
Since Sembai
√
25
Maya Maniambo
√
26
Amelia Rumansara
√
27
Norma Rumansara
√
28
Eti Maniambo
√
29
Marike Rawai
√
30
Salomina Maniambo
√
31
Milka Sembai
√
32
Arampi
√
33
Yames Rumansara
√
34
Titus Rumansara
√
35
Efraim Rumansara
√
36
Hendrik Rawai
√
37
Semuel Maniambo
√
38
Yosina Kuwei
39
Alex Kuwei
40
Martavina Maniambo
√
41
Sebelina Maniambo
√
42
Yulyanus Rumansara
√
43
Andarias Maniambo
√
44
Mei Rumansara
45
Sentrinus Aiwui
√
46
Yosias Kuwei
√
47
Aleda Rumansara
√
48
Hana Maniambo
√
49
Amida Sembai
√
√
√
√
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√
50
Smirna Kuwei
51
Apolos Arampi
√
52
Didimus Maniambo
√
53
Novalina Maniambo
√
54
Siprah Maniambo
√
55
Robert Rumansara
√
56
Welmus Rumansara
√
57
Yakobus Rumansara
√
58
Lukas Maniambo
√
59
Gasper Arampi
√
60
Korneles Maniambo
√
61
Welem Maniambo
√
62
Ester Maniambo
√
39
20
TOTAL
55
Table 7. Data of the Dropouts (Source: Thomas Sembai, the Suara Burumai,
2018)
The table shows that the dropouts are totaly 55. They are devided into male about
39 and female is about 20. They were dropouts at various levels, from elementary to
universities and higher institutions.
In addition, data of the graduates students, especially those who successfully
reach their bachelor degree, and those who are working are presenting as the following:
No
Nama Lengkap
Jenis Kelamin
Laki-Laki
1
Sergius Rumansara
√
2
Sefnat Sembai, S.Sos
√
Perempuan
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3
Debelius Rumansara
√
4
Jemi Karson Maniambo, AMk
√
5
Melkias Maniambo, S.Pd
√
6
Jhon M. Arampi, AMk
√
7
Yonansius Rumansara, S.Kom
√
8
Eka Kuwei, SH
√
9
Hagar Maniambo, SE
√
10
Meriba Kuwei
√
11
Imanuel Kuwei, S.Pd
12
Yanti Rumansara, S.Pd
13
Apner Kapisa, S.Pd
√
14
Noak Rumansara, AMd.Kom
√
15
Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei, S.Pd
√
16
Victorin Kuwei, S.Pd
√
17
Linda Rumansara, AMk
√
18
Persekila Maniambo, S.Pd
√
19
Lea Kuwei, S.Pd
√
20
Ellia Rumansara, AMd.P
√
21
Amirudin Sroyer, SH
√
22
Enos Sembai,S.Sos
√
23
Jitro Maniambo, AMK
√
24
Mesak Maniambo, S.Pd
√
25
Marice Maniambo
√
26
Gad Kuwei, SE
√
27
Yunus Kaisiri
√
28
Tepanus Aiwui, S.Kom
√
√
√
18
TOTAL
10
28
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Table 8. Data of Graduates’ Students from Manatanen (Source: Thomas Sembai,
the Suara Burumai, 2018)
From the data, it can be seen that there are totally 28 graduates in which 18 are
male and 10 are female. They are students who succesfully pursuing their bachelor and
diploma at universities and higher institution.
In conclusion, the amount of active students, dropouts, and graduates from
Manatanen village are 126 people in which only 28 (22%) is succesfully pursuing their
diploma to bachelor degree while 98 (78%) are dropouts.
These young people are the precious human resources of the village. Most of the
dropouts students are now working as building construction worker in the village or in the
cities. The others choose to work as farmer and fishermen. Furthermore, the graduates are
mostly working and living at different the cities such as Manokwari, Jayapura, Biak, Serui,
Wamena, and Bouvendigul.
2019
1. Seminar on Sustainable Development Goals
In January 2019, we conducted a disscussions and seminar with students of
elemntary school to senior high school with the topic of Sustainable develompent goals.
Speaker of the seminar was the CEO of Suara Burumai: Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei,
and assisted by member of the organization, Thomas Sembai.
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Picture 35. The Seminar on Sustainable Development Goals by the CEO of Suara Burumai,
Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei
The participants were only 8 students. They were involved at vidoes exploring
activities and speaking their ideas of actions that students can take to protect the
environment. As a result, we agreed that we must plant more trees in the village, clean the
freshwater of every rivers, and make more information boards to remind the people of the
village protecting the environment.
2. Election of the IPEMAROS’ Chief
Secondly, we organized the Election of the new chief for the IPEMAROS. The event
was arranged by Senior Alumni of the Organization: Arakovo Jitro Maniambo, Mesak
Maniambo, Jimmi Karson Maniambo, and the CEO of Suara Burumai. Candidates of the
election were Arakovo Neta John Arampi, Noak Rumansara, Ina Ros Maria KuweiRumansara, and Melkias Maniambo.
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Picture 36. The candidates of the election
The election begun with a pray by Arakovo Ellia sembai. The ongoing process of the
election was conducted by Arakovo Jitro Maniambo as master of the ceremony. Voters of the
election were about 30 students and 6 seniors alumni and parents representatives. The
number of students participated were only 30 students out of the total amount of active
students which is 46 students (source: the Suara Burumai obsevation by Thomas Sembai,
2018). In other words, it is only 65% of the total presentation.
Picture 37. While the election going on
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As a result of the election, the voters elected arakovo Noak Rumansara as the new
chiefman of the IPEMAROS for 2019/2024. Arakovo Noak Rumansara won 17 (47%) votes
from his rivals Arakovo Neta John Arampi required 11 (30%) votes, arakovo wanya Ina Ros
Maria Rumansara required 6 (16%) votes and arakovo Melkias Maniambo required 2 (5%)
votes.
The election continued with the arrangement of the organization structure. It was
decided by the majority of the voters that Arakovo Noak Rumansara is the formal chiefman,
followed by Melkias Maniambo as the vice chiefman, Johny Arampi as the secretray, and
Arakovo wanya Ina Maria Ros Kuwei as the treasurer of the organization.
After the decision making, the head of the village authority, Injai Pilemon Kuwei
(Kepala Desa), parents’ representative Injai Sepus Sembai and the YPK representative were
given chance to give their speech. The previous chiefman of the IPEMAROS and his secretary
were also given their speech. In addition, the new chiefman of the IPEMAROS also gave his
speech.
Picture 38. Speech by the new Kepala Desa of Manatanen Village, Injai Pilemon
Kuwei
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Picture 39. Speech by Arakovo Jimmi Karson Maniambo as his turned over his duty to
the new Chiefman of the Organization, Noak Rumansara (standing in striped, red and black,
shirt)
Picture 40. The closing speeh and pray by injai kuru no Marthen L. Kapisa,
Headmaster of the SD YPK Baitania Manatanen/Artaneng
3. Research and Observation
In June 2019, we continued conduct the research to add more information,
observed number of river and water resource and we measured the distance of the shore.
We search for additional information to add on our report of the research and we observed
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the water resources. Furthermore, we also measured the distance of the shore from the
central village to the west border and to the east.
The picture 40. The students, Ruben Rawai (in black T-shirt) and Yosua Kuwei are taking notes to add
information especially they are counting Palm.
(the Complete Reports of the Trees Observation since 2018 to 2019 are in progress)
4. Discussion for the IPEMAROS’ Conference
In October 2019, we also had another discussions to run the IPEMAROS’
Conference or Musyawarah Besar Ikatan Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Asal Kampung
Manatanen Desa Roswari (IPEMAROS). The discussion was attended by the chief of
IPEMAROS, Noak Rumansara, Vice Chief, Melkias Maniambo, and the supervisors of
the organizations, Imanuel Kuwei, Elli Kuwei, and the CEO of Suara Burumai, Siriwai
Adrianus Varano Kuwei. After the discussion, we decided to conduct the event on
January 2020.
2020
On January 3rd and 4th 2020, we run the IPEMAROS first Conference at the Gedung
Serbaguna GKI Baitania Manatanen. The conference was organized by the Suara Burumai
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and the IPEMAROS. It is supported by the authority of Manatanen village, GKI Baitania
Church Organization, and by the branch of Christian Foundation (the Yayasan Pendidikan
Kristen).
Topic of the conferences was “regulation, rules, and act of the IPEMAROS”. We
discussed more about rules of the organization, thought of the best way to implement
students’ ideas for development, and planned the future goals of the organization.
The conference attended by parents, teachers, church members, youth organization
members, students of elementary to universities and higher institution, civil servant from our
village, seniors and alumni of the organization and the representative of Students’
organization members. Total participants of the conference was 40 participants.
The students are representatives of each study area namely:
1. Wilayah studi Biak:
Represented by Otis Rumbiak, Mansar Rumansara, and Yana Kapisa
2. Wilayah Studi Serui:
Represented by Nurei Maniambo, Andarias Kuwei, Roi Rawai, Awila Aiwui, Esau
Maniambo, Hosea Sembai, Melianus Kuwei, and Martina Kuwei
3. Wilayah Studi Jayapura:
Represented by Lili Maniambo and Sopater Kapisa
4. Wilayah Studi Manokwari:
Represented by Thomas Sembai, Ellden Paai, Elia Sembai, and Ofni Sembai
5. Wilayah Studi luar Papua:
Represented by no one
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72
The parents and church representatives are Injai Alfons Sembai, Injai Bapak penatua
Yakobus Rumansara, Injai Amon Sroyer and Injai Epson Rumansara. The school and
authority representatives were Injai Bapak Penatua Sergius Rumansara and Injai Bapak Guru
Marthen L. Kapisa. Furthermore, the representatives of the Seniors and alumni are Arakovo
Debelius Rumansara, Jimi Karson Maniambo, and Arakovo Boy Rumansara. The rest of the
participants are members of the organization, Alfa Kuwei, Herman Rumansara, Awila Aiwui,
Nikson Aiwui, Jestika Aiwui, etc. We are also supported by Mama-Mama from the village,
Mama Efraim Rumansara, mama Nyora/Nene Nyora Sandona Kuwei (Nene Lapangan),
Mama Benny Rumansara, Mama Sergius Rumansara, and Mama Eka Kuwei/Kadiwaru.
The opening conference was signed by the speech of the village authority secretary,
Arakovo Sergius Rumansara and the closing conference was by Injay Guru Marthen L. Kapisa
Picture 41. The Gedung Serbaguna Jemaat GKI Baitania Manatanen
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73
Picture 42. The Chairpersons, namely Arakovo Neta Martinus Arampi (left), Arakovo Aide Abraham
Maniambo (middle), and Arakovo Kornoles Paai (right)
Picture 43. Opening speech by Injai arakovo Bapak Penatua Sergius Rumansara
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Picture 44. While the conference, Injay arakovo Alfons Sembai are giving his speech to the
Chairperson
Picture 45. The closing conference, speech by Injai Bapak Guru Marthen L. Kapisa, the
Headmaster of the SD YPK Baitania Manatanen/Artaneng
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CHAPTER III
This chapter consists of achievements of the organization, future planning of the organization,
strategies and syllabus.
3.1. ACHIEVEMENTS
Since the establishment of the organization followed by its works and
contributions, the Suara Burumai have achieved appreciations, mostly speech of
appreciation, from the authority, elders of the village. We also learn new things about
making a difference.
We learn how to work in team, collaborate with others, implementing and
conducting actions, making progress, obtaining knowledge about the community, and
thinking of future possibilities.
1.
Working in Team
It was only a discussion of three students in 2013/2014. We dreamed
to make differences and taking actions for something that have never
been doing at the village before. Then, we decided to work as a team.
We sum up our ideas after every discussions and debates. Then, we
could establish an organization, name Suara Burumai. We also
formulating planning for the organization aims to produce programs which
became the first actions and inspired the following contributions later on.
From this first achievements, we learn that there will be nothing
produced but rather a group of words and sentences, unless we transfer
the talks into planning and actions.
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2.
Collaborate with others
Another things we learn was that in order to achieve aims of the
organization, we need to collaborate with others. It is simply about
creating a huge team work for reaching achievements.
As we collaborate our ideas and actions with others, the local
authority, the customary institution, the school and church organization,
people of the village, the students organization, Youth Organization,
together we could make impacts. The impacts were not one team work
but a big team’s work.
3. Implementing and Conducting Actions
As we lead groups of people, we are able to implement our ideas but
also giving our direct instructions to the team.
We learn that our presence, instructions and togethernees with the
team became a motivation for the successfull achievement of every
actions we planned. We could shared their ideas to result achievements.
4. Making Progress
The impelementations, collaboration, and leadership experiences
make us brave to progress our work. We could see many chances from
issues in the field, for the purposes of our village development, especially
the living sectors.
We are able to make planning and actions that is more suitable,
sustainable and long last than the previous actions. Furthermore, critics
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required from every works and actions we do are benefit for our future
contributions.
5. Obtaining Knowledge
The observation, research and interview strategies we created have
helped us to understand environmental challengges, how to do actions,
and we have references to give more contributions. As we progressed our
knowledge about the village, we obtained more critics to run our projects.
There are few offered by the authority. They assign us to document
natural resources, do research on agriculture problems such as conduct
litterature study of a pest, snail (achatina fulica), that destroy the banana
plantation in the village and report back to the authority, draw a map of the
village, study the ecotourism pontency, develop a strategy for raising
fresh-water biota such as mullet and puntius fish (puntius binotatus),
mapping borders for the village houses building and other assignments.
6. Thinking of the Future Possibilities
By doing the actions, obtaining critics and knowledge, writing on our
reports, we could think of the future possibilities or challengges coming
the future. We could think how to face and solve the new up coming
problems because we have had information, scientific information,
calculation and prediction of actions we will take and it succeses, also we
are able to do what is logic and appropriate with any new issues coming
up.
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The future possibilities are generally about human needs and actions,
which will possibly, massively conduct in the village to fulfill their needs
because of the rising number of population. Now, people in the village are
competing to progress their business, start to claim and occupy areals.
This phenomena will probably end up in horizontal conflicts.
In the other side, the development of youth organization, its
actitivities, but also education for children became our new concern. It
seems to be secondary. Furthermoe, the youth activities have driven us to
think of how possible to make incomes from all of those acivities in the
future. For the future, this organization is developed to be an academy,
mainly concern to develop teaching, transfering knowledge and give
training. It will open more jobs for the people of the village.
3.2. The New Challenges and New Opportunities
The upcoming challenges and new opportunities of the people in the village will
be: sustaining the nature, water resource protection and development, developing
agriculture, earlier education (sport, art, culture, language, and tourism) bussiness and
development, Fishery and small industries, ecotourism potential, the need of electricity,
food security, nature and ocean concervation, language conservation, and the change in
social life.
In order to face these challengges and develope the opportunities, we must
sustain our cooperation with all the institution in the village. We must assist the local
authority, schools, church and costumary institutions to develop innovations, strategies,
planning, implementation and developments.
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We believe that these concepts will only achieve through education. It is because
the biggest puzzle is that we must prepare human resource together. We must prepare
children and young people of the village with knowledge and skills. Otherwise, we will be
failed to compete.
3.3. Future Plannings
To educate people, they must be involved. Therefore, our future plannings idea
will be based on involving people of the village. People of the village play important role as
they are friendly, working at farm, but also being a distructive people. However, they are
the only resource who can collaborate and work on our planning to maintain the village.
Therefore, we must involve them in our activities, actions, research, and classes.
To involve the people, we have designed our plannings and strategies. We will
begin our plannings and strategies by involving young people to do research and actions
related to the eleventh challenges and future opportunities.
1. Research and Actions Syllabus
As we monthly scheduled and conducted research, we have contacted some
people of the village to be involved at our research and actions project. The following
is our further research and actions:
No Research
1.
Actions
Coral
Target number Date/year/mont of
of participants
Implementation
-
7 Participants
January 2021
-
20 Participants
January 2021
Observation
2.
Further
Trees
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observation
3.
-
Foot-step Festival
100 Participants
June
2020
(Canceled due to the
Coronavirus
Pandemic)
4.
-
Coral Plantation
5.
Coast-line and
-
January 2024
10 Participants
January 2021
inland borders
Mesurement
6.
-
Mapping of the 10 Participants
June 2024
borders
7.
Habitat
-
20 Participants
June 2024
Observation
(Mamals
and
birds)
8.
-
Establishing
the 150 Participants/ January 2024
fences
for all people of the
measuring coastal village
abrasion
9.
-
Establishing water 150
January 2025
dam and drainage Participants/all
system
people
of
the
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village
10.
-
Workshops about All people of the January 2025
environment and village
landscape
infrastructure
design
11. Study the wind
-
10 Participants
June 2025
directions
12.
-
Establishing
turbine
the
January 2026
machine
for electricity
13. Studying
the
-
5 Participants
type of grass
-
14.
-
Since January 2018
till recent
Constructing
the People of the January 2027
football field
Village
Monthly
People of the Every Year
Classroom,
Village (Children
discussions,
and to adults)
seminars
15.
-
The
nawaisy People of the January 2028
tourism project
16.
-
village
Writing book and The
Suara Every year
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reports
17.
Observing the
Burumai team
-
10 People
June 2021 (canceled
water resources
due to the Corona
at the
Virus Pandemic)
mountains
18.
-
Distrubing reports
to school and
The
Suara Every year
Burumai team
institutions
19.
Tabel 9. Syllabus of the Suara Burumai Research and Project 2020
2. Sustaining the nature
We found that the people of Manatanen put their life on nature. They work at their
farms, go for hunting, fish and do their activities in the nature. They have established a
strong relationship with the nature. Therefore, we must involve them to protect and
sustain the nature.
The areal of Manatanen village have been traditionally well established and
devided by the Kove family. The areal is devided into 5 parts: the village, plantation
areal, jungle, main road, and coastal areal for fishermen. The kove’s family design is
the most sustainable decision had ever mad. Since 1980s to 2020s (40 years), the
land can be used sustainably. In contrast, areal of other villages are now massively
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destructed if we compare. Therefore, our second choice to sustain the nature will be
based on the concept of the kove’s family design.
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PICTURE 46. MAPPING OF THE VILLAGE
84
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PICTURE 47. MAPPING OF THE KOVE’s FAMILY DESIG
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Description of the picture
No Symbols
1.
Description
1, 2, and The Mana Tanen river, the coast of Kopae, and the coast of
3
Manatanen Village
2.
The buildings in Manatanen and Football Field
3.
≡
The Bridges
4.
vvv
The Plantation Areals
5.
The Coastline and Capes
6.
The Coral Growing Areal
7.
The Main Road
8.
The Road and Alleys of the Village
9.
The Rivers
10.
The Church Areal
11.
The YPK Areal
12.
13.
The Authority’s Areal (Pemerintah Kampung, Pusat Kesehatan
Masayarakat, KUD, etc)
The Village Areals
14.
The Plantation Areals
15.
The Conservation Areals (Coastal and Mountains ecosystem)
16.
The Rectangle Growing Pattern of the Coral-reefs
Table. 10. Description of the areals devided by Andarias Kuwei 1980s
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Based on this five parts of the Kove’s family desingning (1980s-recently, Picture ),
the areal have been used sustainably by the local people till today.
For the future development, we based our knowledge on this traditional
establishment to offer sustainable solution. These are our solutions:
1. We will produce books based on the result of our works
2. We will use the books to develop mutual understanding between people of the
village with the villag authorities and policy makers through seminars,
discussions, and workshops
3. We will distribute our books to school for education purposes
4. We will establish monument to legalize name of each farming areal
5. We will design new model of sustainable environment
3. Fresh Water Resource Protection and Development
The water resource utilization is confronted with destructive activities. Therefore,
our idea is creating water diversion. We found that people of the village take
advantage of the river to catch fish with poisons and electricity but also throw rubbish
and do clothes-washing directly at the river. Thus, we will divert these old water
utilization.
The idea is that
“ if people wash the clothes in the river, it means they do not have water
resource close to their houses. Secondly, if they catcth fish with poisons
and electricity it means they want an instant and an easy ways to catch
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the fish. Therefore, the only ways are preparing source of water for every
houses and arrange fresh water fishery livestocks.
According to this idea, therefore we have firstly designed drainage system that
will save water and flow the water into each houses.
It can be seen from the picture that there are six posts. The posts of each well
and ground tub will be established at each areal. Each of the water sanitation building
is appeared as follows:
The well will be equiped with water pipe, main pressure, chain, steer chain
rings. The water draination inside the well will be simply worked by pressures. As the
water fulfill ground of the well, we will turn on the chainrings to push down the main
pressure. It will press the air on the water and the water will be seeped out of the
ground through the pipe, and drained to the main tub. This draination system will be an
environmentally save, easy to be clean, and cheaper.
Furthermore, the sixth posts of the tub will be connected to each other and
pressures for each will be decreased distributing air through the wind power pipe in
order to drain water from each tub to the village and to the farming.
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PICTURE 48. WELL AND GROUND WATER TUB POSTS
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PICTURE 49. WELL AND GROUND WATER TUB APPEAREANCE
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PICTURE 50. THE WELL AND GROUND WATER TUB DRAINATION SYSTEM
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4. Developing Agriculture, Ecotourism, Nature and Ocean Conservation, and
Language Conservation
First of all, the idea of the developing agriculture. The agricultural sector in the
village is challenged with the infrastructure program, especially the house establisment
program, pests, and the Trans Yapen Road.
We have observed that each family in Manatanen village has their own farming
(based on the 1980’s agreement). They have long term and short term plantation in each
farm. These farms need water (not urgent) but probably it would be. On the other hand, the
authority of the village is now massively build houses in the village that have destroyed the
design and agreement of the areal’s utilization between the Kove family and the people of
the village. This new infrastructure areals for houses will massively destroy the plantation
areals. In fact, it has cut off big trees of the coastal ecosystem. It forces people of the
village to open new garden close to the mountain where the trees are growing and saving
water. For instance, the new areal in Kopae and Roswari. Furthermore, this house
program have arosen conflicts between people of the village and the authority.
Therefore, we will firstly bend the house’s establishment program conducted by
the authority (Pemerintah Kampung Manatanen) and change the idea to farming
development. We have discussed this idea with the Chiefman of the Costumary Institution
2019. As a result, the village will be as the following design:
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PICTURE 51. THE NEW AREAL FOR HOUSES CONTRUCTIONS
Purple line is the old village areal (based on the agreement, designed by the kove family) while Black Areal would be the new lines and borders of the
village
By Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei 2020
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Secondly, we will do monthly and annual seminars and write books about how to
prevent the plantation from pests. Then, these books will be distributed to the people
of the village. These ideas came up based on the result of our observation and
seminars in 2018. We found that the durian Plantation and Kakao Plantation
(destroyed in 2008) are attacked by deseases caused by Hyposidea infixaria. This
pest firstly destroyed the Kakao Plantation and attacked another plantation in the late
2007. Therefore, the farmers have destroyed the Kakao Plantation in 2008 in order to
reduce the attacks. However, these hyposidea infixaria are recently found in Durian.
And the Durian plantation will be possibly destroyed. Another pest issue is the cornu
aspersum. This pest attack the banana plantation and vegetables. According to the
head of village authority during the seminar conducted by Suara Burumai team 2018,
the pest have destroyed almost all of the banana plantation in the village. In addition,
we will also establish news board at every alleys that contains agricultural information.
Thirdly, we will promote coffee plantation. Coffee plantation is the oldest
plantation of the village. It begun in 1950s by the Dutch government. They firstly of the
coffee plantation to people in Embaejirum and they offered it later to people of
Manatanen village. However, people of Manatanen work on Coffee plantation until
1998. Later, they do not work on the plantation, only a few family, due to the monetary
crisis that low the coffee’s price. Today, coffee price in the market is increased.
Therefore, we will invite the people to work on coffee plantation. Besides Coffee, there
are possible plantation such as Cassava, Carrot, Bettlenuts and coconut that can be
developed.
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5. Ecotourism, Ocean and Nature Conservation
Besides agriculture, we also offered the concept of Wisata
Kebun. As we see that the future of Indonesia is on tourism and we have acces to sell
this product, we will develop it. It will make incomes for the farmers and each families.
In order to support the Wisata Kebun, we must firstly protect our
Ocean and Nature. This is what we call Ocean and nature Conservation. We have
designed our mapping and cheaper infrastructure program to support our ideas about
the Wisata Kebun and the Ocean and Nature Conservation. Our idea is “Biking Road”,
Coral Plantation, Local Name for Every Areal, Shore-Fence, and Historical Spots.
The Biking Road will be established along the shore of
Manatanen. It will be connected to alleys and main road of the village and reach to the
last border (Mana varwajae) in the east. Secondly, we will start planting corals at the
Mana embae bay. The corals we plant at this resort will be for research purposes but
also to save the fish and the corals for tourism purposes. Therefore, fishermen will not
be allowed to do any activities at this bay. Thirdly, we will established board containing
name of each local plantation areal together with its historical review. Fourthly, we will
establish the fence close to the shore. This fence functions to measure daily abrasion
and present it to the authority. It will help us to protect the shore. Lastly, we will work
with the authority of the village to establish monument of the Arrival of Christianity at
the old village related stories.
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PICTURE 52. THE BIKING AREAL CLOSED TO THE SHORE, BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO KUWEI 2020
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96
PICTURE 53. THE BIKING ROAD AND THE FENCE, BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO KUWEI 2020
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97
PICTURE 54. THE INFORMATION BOARD AND NAME OF THE LOCAL PLACES DESIGN, BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO
KUWEI 2020
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98
PICTURE 55. THE CORAL PLANTATION AREAL (MANA KAT TO MANA EMBAE) ABOUT 200 METERS LENGTH, 20 METERS
FROM THE COASTLINE AND THE PLANTATION AREALS WILL BE IN RECTANGLE FORMATION (150 LENGTH X200 WIDE
METERS EACH SIDES)
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DISTANCE, BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO KUWEI 2020
PICTURE 56. FORMATION OF CORAL SEEDS AND GROWING MEDIA, BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO KUWEI 2020
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100
PICTURE 57. MAPPING OF THE CORAL PLANTATION BY SIRIWAI ADRIANUS VARANO KUWEI 2020
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101
The corals seed will be put at the media as it is shown in picture 103 and will be planted in
plantation areals as it is designed in picture 104.
6. Earlier Education Business and Development and Language Conservation
To develop early education, there are an elementary school (developed under the
Christian Foundation called YPK and a kindergarten. These institutions play important
roles for the development of early education in the village. The only problem they
faced is the lack of teachers and students’ interest for studying (can be seen on the
observation conducted by Thomas Sembae, page 78-83 on this summary). The other
problem is that the kindergarten has not yet been constructed due to its basic rules
and bylaws which is unlink with the Christian Foundation. Therefore, it has to be
changed by linking it with the Christian Foundation that has been located by the Kove
family in an areal for school. Otherwise, they must find another solution.
Based on this issues, the Suara Burumai have offered to the costumary institution
and authority of the village to locate a new place for establishing the building.
According to Suara Burumai concept, this kindergarten will be linked to the Christian
Foundation rules but established at different place due to another issues that the
location, where the YPK is constructed now, is not enough for two schools.
The Suara Burumai offered the new location close to the authority main office and
the football field. The Suara Burumai team offered proposals for the authority to
establish youth center for extracuricullar activities such as arts, sports, tourism,
environment
and
ayao
yawa
unat
studies
in
this
areal.
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
102
PICTURE 58. THE AREAL FOR YOUTH CENTER AND SPORT CENTER BY SIRIWAI KUWEI 2020
THE AREAL IS ABOUT 200 METERS LENGTH AND 150 METER WIDTH
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
103
This new concept of the early education and business development will be
financially benefit. Furthermore, it will open field of work for the fresh graduate and youth
who are originally from the village.
7. Fishery and Small Industries and The need of electricity
To develop fishery and small industries, the first step is the establishment of
coral plantation areals as it is described before. Secondly, we plan to develop
water course pool, as it is shown during our actions previously, for the fresh water
fishery industries. This idea will decreased the destructive water utilization.
Furthermore, we will also open and normalize the old market of the village for
fishery marketing.
For these purposes, the Suara Burumai is now trying to recruit new fresh
graduate students to continue their studies at the University of Papua majoring
fishery and Ocean. For now, the Suara Burumai has recruited a fresh graduate
from the village in 2019. She is pursuing her study at the program. Furthermore,
we will also observ and do research on the types of fish living near the coast also
enlist types of corals reef. Later, we hope that the data of our observation will be
benefit for the development of the fishery and small industries but also the
sustainability of the living of this biota.
In addition, we are still doing another small research and work due to the need
of electricity. Once we planned a turbine electricity power. However, this idea will
take time because we need to observe the wind power and flowing pattern.
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
104
Another consideration is that the village is at the forestry areal which is it would be
incompatible for establishing turbine electricity.
Recently, the only sources of electricity in Manatanen village is solar sell and
generator. Therefore, we will do more research about how to establish turbine
system for electricity.
3.4. Additional Research Planning for Education Purposes
As this summary has represented result of some observations, actions, interviews
and research that has conducted, the Suara Burumai Team is also working on their
research to support their future goals (table 9 page..and their infrastructure program
(designs)). The future goals need data to consider its development. Therefore, they
will do research on the nature and environment. Additionally, the Suara Burumai team
is also working on how to create the information required based on the research to
become source of knowledge. These knowledge later can be transferred for the
students and young people of the village.
The Suara Burumai team has made a research planning and title of their future
research. Their research planning is based on the spot and the objects in Manatanen
Village.
1. First Research title: Corals-Reefs
2. Second Research title: Types of grass
3. Third Research title: Gravels and Sands (A geological study)
4. Fourth Research title: Flora and Fauna of the mountains
5. Fifth Research title: Type of fresh water biota
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
105
6. Sixteenth Research title: Insects
7. Seventh Research title: Christian Arrival History
8. Eigth Research title: ayao yawa unat, manatanen dialect
9. Ninth Research title: Rivers flowing patterns
10. Tenth Research title: brackish water and its biota
11. Eleventh Research title: Old Traditional Mapping
12. Twelfth Research title: Family Name in Manatanen
13. Thirteenth Research title: Children and Adult Activities in Manatanen village
14. Fourteenth Research title: Intelligence (Traditional Intellingence)
15. Fifteenth Research title: Wind Directions
16. Sixteenth Research title: Traditional Transportation and history
17. Seventeenth Research title: Traditional Plantation and Farming
18. Eightteenth Research title: Further study on Coastal Ecosystem
19. Nineteenth Research title: Social Change
20. Twentieth Research title: Tourism and sport
These reseacrh will be documented into books and store to school for educational
purposes. In other side, they will be also used as references to support our seminars with
the village authorities and people of the village.
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
106
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
We believe that in order to develop living sectors and resources of the village, it is a must
to understand how will the development strategy, planning, and implementation make differences
in the society. Whether the development will expand and improve the the quality of life or it will be
the same, all depend on how we understand and how we work on the sectors but also with people
of the community. In other words, it is important to consider sustainability of the nature,
environment, culture, social life where our development programs take place.
We have been doing research, observations, and interview as our first step. However,
understanding the nature and enrivonment, culture, social life, land utilization, landscape and
understanding human activities in the nature seem to become an extra work. It is because we are
not really prepared with the best knowledge and comprehension but also because we are working
with times. Therferore, wee need to study and require more knowledge not only by research but
attending classes.
In addition, our works are changed all times due to economic development, politic
decision, and natural phenomena. These issues make our work more complicated. To face these
issues, we need to have the best human resources. Furthermore, these human must be graduate
from the best university and lived with the best academic environment, especially natural and
environment studies.
Later, the knowledge and science required will be applicable for training purposes and
transferring knowledge togteher with the members of our organization. It will strongly progress the
work
of
our
organization
Gedung Pertamina Foundation (RB)
Komp, Pertamina Corporate Univercity (PCU)
Jl. Sinabung II, Terusan Simprug Raya, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Telp. +6221 2905 4408 www.pertaminafoundation.org
107
APPENDIXES
1. SCHEDULE AND SYLLABUS OF THE PREVIOUS ACTIVITIES 2017/2020
No Activities/Actions/Research/Observations/Interviews
Date of Implementation
1.
Recruitment Program
December 2013
2.
Donation Program
December 2013
3.
Training Program
January to June 2017/2020
4.
Information Board Establishment
July, 9th to 10th 2017
5.
Assembly with the village Authorities
January, 3rd 2018
6.
Information Board Establishment
December 20th 2017-January 20th 2018
7.
First Seminar and Workshop in Manatanen and Rosbori Village
8.
Observation, interviews, and Research
9.
Interview with Injae Kuru Rumansara, Rosbori village
July, 5th to 8th 2018 (conducted in Manatanen and
Rosbori village)
December 30th 2018- January 3rd 2019 (Coastal
ecosystem’s observation in Mana Kananomandae to
Mana Varwajae, house and water observation. Interview
with Injae kuru no Derek Kuwei-Mana Vugaempat and
Injae Yakob Maniambo )
December 26th 2020
10. IPEMAROS Election Date
11. Class of Sustainable Development
January, 6th 2019 at GKI Baitania Meeting House,
Manatanen Village
January, 6th 2019 at GKI Baitania Meeting House,
Manatanen Village
12. Interview with Injae Silas Rawai
August 12th 2019 in Sowi II Manokwari
June 12th to 14th 2019
(Observing big trees, Mana kananomandae to Mana
varwajae)
10. Observation, Interviews, and Research
October 15th to 16th 2019 (Interview with Arokovo Apolos
Arampi about Coral-Reefs growing patterns and
conducting the coastal measurement).
October 16th2019 (Imanuel Kuwei, Ellia Kuwei, Melkias
11. Musyawarah Besar Pre-meeting before the conference was held
Maniambo, Noak Kuwei Rumansara, John Arampi,
Nikson Aiwui, Yan Kuwei, and Siriwai Kuwei at Noak
Rumansara’s house)
11. Planting the trees in the old village areals, at the coast of the Manatanen December 20th to December 30th 2020
9.
Observation, Interviews, and Research
village
January 1st to 3rd 2020 held on the GKI Baitania Meeting
House. It begun at 9:05 early morning to 8:30 early
morning of January 2nd 2020.
Interview and Discussion with arakovo Ayub Rawai
March, 2020 at Veteran Dormitory, the University of
Papua, Manokwari, West Papua Province
Interview and Discussion with injae kuru no Silas Rawai and Arakovo May, 28th to 1st June 2020
12. The Musyawarah Besar/Conference of IPEMAROS
Mesak Maniambo
2. Location of Manatanen on the Map (source: https://earh.google.com )
3. From Byak to Manatanen in Yapen Island (Source: https://earh.google.com)
4. Name of the areal for the Expedition (Source: https://earh.google.com)
5. Areal of the Expedition (Source: https://earh.google.com)
No
Pofile
1. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
Photo of the ID Card
:
:
:
:
Siriwai Adrianus Varano Kuwei
Jln. Trikora Sowi II
Windesi, July 28th 1991
9202152807910001
Chairman
2. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Nehemia Sembai
Kampung Rosbori
Rosbori, 17-03-1987
9105121703870001
Member
3. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Ofni Sembai
Jl. Ilaga, Nabire
Serui, 04-01-1997
9104010401970004
Member
4. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Thomas Sembai
Desa Roswari
Artaneng, 14-12-1999
9105070510000002
Member
5. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Nikson Aiwui
Desa Roswari
Artaneng, 13-10-1998
9105072908000001
Member
6. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Alva Gilbed Kuwei
Kampung Srubey, Kab. Pegaf
Jayapura, 02-04-2003
9202150204030001
Member
7. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Jefri Benyamin Rawai
Desa Roswari
Artaneng, 09-07-2002
9105070907020002
Member
8. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Joni Beni Aiwui
Desa Roswari
Artaneng, 29-08-2000
9105071105030001
Member
9. Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Number
:
:
:
:
Melkias Maniambo
Mamoa, Sugapa
Artaneng, 09-02-1993
910507090290002
Member
10.Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Card
:
:
:
:
Zeth Maniambo
Desa Roswari
Artaneng, 04-01-2003
9105070401030001
Member
11.Name
Address
Place/Date of Birth
ID Card
:
:
:
:
Hosea Sembai
Roswari
Artaneng, 07-03-2003
9105070703030001
6. Members of the Community, mostly University Students
15 TASKS’ MODULE OF THE EXPEDITION
Date/Month/Year
………/……../………..
No Name of Photographer (Nama Fotografer) Range of Time (waktu) Number of shoots
8:00-11:00 WP
(Jumlah Kutikan)
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MODULE 1 (Example of the Module)
Signature
(Tanda
tangan)
Date/Month/Year
………/……../………..
No
Name of the weather
observer
(Pengamat Cuaca)
Range of Time
(waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Hot/Sunny
(Panas/Cerah)
Reported with
degree for
example
30˚c
Cold/Warm
(Dingin/Hangat)
…………………˚c
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MODULE 2
Rainy/Sprinkle
Windy
(Hujan/Gerimis)
(berangin)
……………………..˚c ……………..˚c
Signature
(Tanda
tangan)
Date/Month/Year
………/……../………..
No
Name of Observer (Nama) Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Location of the fungi and the flower
(Lokasi/Letak Tumbuh Jamur dan Bunga)
Bertumbuh di
tanah
Bertumbuh
dibalik
pohon/atas
pohon
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MODULE 3 & 4 (Fungi)
Bertumbuh
pada
tumpukan
bangkai kayu
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
Bertumbuh
pada tanah
liat
No
Name of Observer
(Nama)
Range of Time (waktu) Location of the fungi and the flower
8:00-11:00 WP
(Lokasi/Letak Tumbuh Jamur dan Bunga)
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Bertumbuh Di
Pinggiran
Sungai
Bertumbuh
dibalik
pohon/mengikuti
pohon dengan
tali
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MODULE 3 & 4 (Bunga Hutan)
Bertumbuh
pada
tumpukan
bangkai kayu
di atas tanah
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
Bertumbuh
pada tanah
(tanah liat)
Date/Month/Year
………/……../………..
No
Name of Observer (Nama) Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Characteristic and Size of the fungi
(Karakter/Ciri dan Ukuran Fungi)
Warna
Tinggi
(cm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MODULE 5 (Fungi)
Diameter
(mm)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
Ukuran Daun
(cm)
No
Name of Observer (Nama) Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Characteristic and Size of the fungi
(Karakter/Ciri dan Ukuran Fungi)
Calour/Warna Tinggi
(cm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 5 (Bunga Hutan)
Diameter
(mm)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
Ukuran Daun/Jarak
tumbuh dari tanah
(cm)
No
Name of Observer (Nama) Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Type of the fungi
(Karakter/Ciri dan Ukuran Fungi)
Yva
Latin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 7 (fungi)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
English
No
Name of Observer (Nama) Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Type of the fungi
(Karakter/Ciri dan Ukuran Fungi)
Yva
Latin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 7 (Bunga Hutan)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
English
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Name of the Cameraman (Nama)
Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Video
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
No
Name of the Writer (Nama Penulis)
Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 8 (Trip Notes)
Trip Note
(Catatan Perjalanan)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
No
Name of the Observer (Nama)
Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Modul 11 & 12 (Trip Distance)
Jarak Perjalanan
dan
Penandaan Lokasi
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
No
Name of the Reminder (Nama)
Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 13 Reminder
Notes (catatan)
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
No
Name of technician (Nama)
Range of Time (waktu)
8:00-11:00 WP
13:00-16:00 WP
18:00-21:00 WP
Notes
(Catatan)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Module 15 Technician’s Note
Signature
(Tanda tangan)
The Suara Burumai Gallery
Contact us on:
Email:
suaraburumai@yahoo.com
siriwaiadrian@gmail.com
Address: Kampung Manatanen, Roswari Village, North Yapen District, Papua
Contact Person: +62813 5522 3087 (The CEO)