2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Arduino-Based Mini-CNC Engraving Machine
Om R. Rakshe
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India
1
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
1
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Introduction
An Arduino-based mini-CNC
machine is a compact,
computer-controlled system
designed for precise cutting,
engraving, or milling. It uses
an Arduino microcontroller
board to control the
movement of the machine
along X, Y, and Z axes.
2
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
2
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Scope of Research
•
•
•
•
Develop a low-cost CNC machine
Accessible to small businesses and educational users
Utilizes open-source software and hardware
Supports engraving, milling, and cutting applications
3
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
3
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Methodology
 Design durable frame using
aluminium or wood
 Select Arduino, stepper
motors, and drivers
 Program using GRBL
firmware
 Calibrate and test for
precision
 Run G-code via Universal Gcode Sender
4
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
4
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Experimentation
The CNC machine was tested on wood and acrylic materials
using various G-code patterns to assess its functionality. Axis
movement and engraving precision were carefully evaluated.
5
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
5
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Results and Discussion
The machine successfully delivered precise engraving at a low
cost, making it ideal for hobbyists and small-scale commercial
applications. Its open-source design supports easy upgrades
and scalability. Initial minor alignment issues were identified
during testing but were effectively resolved through careful
calibration, ensuring reliable and accurate operation across
various tasks.
6
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
6
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
Conclusion
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•
•
•
Affordable and accessible CNC solution
Promotes learning and innovation in CNC tech
Ideal for educational and prototyping use
Bridges gap between DIY and industrial systems
7
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
7
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper ID:CT01-02-165
(ICSICME-2025)
June 27-28, 2025
References
Pabolu & Shrinivas (2010) - 3D CNC Machine
Nae & Andrei (2010) - CNC Router with Stepper Motors
Pahole et al. (2009) - Low-Cost Table CNC Machine
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SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PANDHARPUR- 413304, INDIA.
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