Chapter 32:
1- Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which of the following distinguishes animal
heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy?
A) most animals derive their nutrition by preying on other animals
B) most animals derive their nutrition by ingesting materials
C) most animals derive their nutrition by consuming living, rather than dead, prey
D) most animals derive their nutrition by using enzymes to digest their food
2- Which of the following characteristics is shared among animals ranging from corals to
monkeys?
A) a mouth and an anus
B) number of embryonic tissue layers
C) a lack of body symmetry
D) sexual reproduction
3- In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be
sure what you are looking at exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?
A) There is evidence of cephalization.
B) The animal is triploblastic.
C) The animal is clearly bilaterally symmetrical.
D) The animal's coelom develops from the archenteron.
4- What do many organisms with deuterostome development have in common?
A) Adults are bilaterally symmetrical.
B) Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits.
C) All have a spinal column.
D) The blastopore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.
5- At one time, sponges were lumped into one phylum. Then, they were separated into several
different phyla. Now, they are considered one phylum again. These changes indicate which of
the following?
A) Every phylogeny should be considered a hypothesis that must be revised in the light of new
data.
B) We need more fossil evidence of sponges.
C) Molecular and morphological data often conflict when we try to reconstruct evolutionary
history.
D) The goal of making all taxonomic groups monophyletic is unrealistic.
6- A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that
comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves
between larger, underlying cells. Which of the following organisms is this embryo most likely to
develop into?
A) turtle
B) earthworm
C) sea star
D) sea urchin
7- A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that
comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves
between larger, underlying cells. If we were to separate these eight cells and attempt to culture
them individually, then what is most likely to happen?
A) All eight cells will die immediately.
B) Each cell may continue development, but only into a nonviable embryo that lacks many parts.
C) Each cell may develop into a full-sized, normal embryo.
D) Each cell may develop into a smaller-than-average, but otherwise normal, embryo.
8- You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of
evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?
A) It is segmented.
B) It is triploblastic.
C) It has a coelom.
D) It sheds its external skeleton to grow.
9- One of the characteristics unique to animals is ________.
A) gastrulation
B) multicellularity
C) sexual reproduction
D) flagellated sperm
10- The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence
versus the presence of ________.
A) a body cavity
B) a complete digestive tract
C) mesoderm
D) tissues
True/ False:
11- Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern
choanoflagellates.
12- Kingdom Animalia is polyphyletic.
13- Based on the tree, which statement is true?
A) The animal kingdom is not monophyletic.
B) The Acoela are more closely related to echinoderms than to annelids.
C) Bilaterians do not form a clade.
D) All statements are true
E) All statements are false
14- Which of the following characteristics defines a structural distinction between Chordata and
Brachiopoda?
A) Both groups have tissues.
B) Brachiopoda have a lophophore and Chordata do not.
C) Both groups exhibit bilateral symmetry.
D) Both groups shed their external skeletons.
Chapter 33:
15- Echinoderms have ____________ symmetry.
a. bilateral
b. biradial
c. spherical
d. radial
16- After a starfish/sea star has lost an arm, ________ will most likely occur.
a. autotomy
b. regeneration
c. evisceration
d. radial symmetry
17- Where does water enter the vascular system of a starfish/sea star?
a. Gills.
b. Madreporite.
c. Stone canal.
d. Ring canal.
18- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the subphylum Urochordata?
a. Marine.
b. Sessile as an adult.
c. Segmented.
d. Invertebrate.
19- The larvae of starfish/sea stars have ______________, but after metamorphosis they
develop _______________.
a. radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry
b. bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry
c. bilateral symmetry, regeneration
d. radial symmetry, autotomy
20- Nematodes move in a thrashing fashion by using ______.
a. circular muscles
b. longitudinal muscles
c. cilia
d. mucus
21- Millipedes are ________________.
a. carnivorous
b. detritivorous
c. herbivorous
d. all of the above
e. B and C
22- What type of coelom is found in the phylum Nematoda?
a. True coelom.
b. Pseudocoelom.
c. Acoelomate.
d. A and B, depending on the species of nematode.
23- The grasshopper’s tympanic organs are responsible for _____.
a. hearing
b. breathing
c. excreting
d. mating
24- What makes ecdysozoans particularly vulnerable to prey?
a. Their small size.
b. Lack of camouflage.
c. Shedding of protective cuticle or exoskeleton.
d. Damage caused by ecdysis.
25- What feature of Ascaris distinguishes a specimen as male?
a. The presence of a rectum.
b. A length of 30 cm or more.
c. Posterior end is curved.
d. Coloration.
26- Horseshoe crabs lack which of the following?
a. Mandibles.
b. Walking legs.
c. Antennae.
d. All of the above.
e. A and C.
27- Horseshoe crabs utilize _____________for breathing.
a. book gills
b. tracheae
c. body surface
d. book lungs
28- All members of subphylum Myriapoda ______.
a. live only on land
b. are herbivorous
c. lack a chitinous exoskeleton
d. live on land and in freshwater
29- Insects vary from other arthropods by having _______________.
a. three pairs of wings and two pairs of legs
b. one pair of wings and three pairs of legs
c. two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs
d. two pairs of wings and eight pairs of legs
30- These organisms are thought to be the ancestors of all living arthropods.
a. Horseshoe crabs.
b. Trilobite-like organisms.
c. Members of the subphylum Chelicerata.
d. None of the above.
31- Which of the following have bodies divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen?
a. Grasshoppers.
b. Crayfish.
c. Ants.
d. A and C.
32- Which pairing of arthropods does not belong in the same subphylum?
a. Copepods and shrimp.
b. Mosquito and housefly.
c. Centipede and scorpion.
d. Spider and dust mite.
33- Name the two clades of protostomes?
a. Lophotrochozoa and Deuterostomia.
b. Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa.
c. Lophotrochozoa and Platyhelminthes.
d. Protozoa and Lophotrochozoa.
34- This class of the Platyhelminthes consists of the parasitic flukes.
a. Turbellaria.
b. Cestoda.
c. Trematoda.
d. Nemertea.
35- What is the function of the scolex in a tapeworm?
a. Attachment to the host.
b. Gas exchange.
c. Reproduction.
d. Digestion.
36- Earthworms are monoecious, meaning _______________.
a. they possess a singular sex organ
b. they possess both male and female organs
c. they eat only one sort of food
d. they are either male or female
37- Which of the following are acoelomates?
a. Free-living planarians.
b. Flukes.
c. Tapeworms.
d. All of the above.
38- Cestodes are dependent on their host for ____________ because they lack
______________.
a. protection, tegument
b. gas exchange, a mouth
c. nutrients, a digestive tract
d. warmth, a circulatory system
True/ False:
394041-
Flatworms have bilateral symmetry.
Flatworms have anterior and posterior ends.
Flatworms can be parasitic.
Chapter 40:
42- Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.
A) its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix
B) it contains more than one type of cell
C) its cells can move from place to place
D) it is found within all the organs of the body
43- Which of the following is a unique characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) many cells fused together
B) intercalated discs
C) spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus
D) striations with sarcomeres
44- Which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?
A) cardiac muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) striated muscle
D) skeletal muscle
45- Which type of cell is specialized to store fat in animals?
A) bone cells
B) muscle cells
C) adipose cells
D) red blood cells
46- Which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?
B) chondroitin sulfate secreted by chondrocytes.
C) many columnar epithelial cells packed together.
D) hardened fibrous connective tissue.
47- The hypothalamus in the brain releases the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH) that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland.
ACTH travels through the blood to cause the release of cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal
glands. If cortisol acts as negative feedback on CRH and ACTH, what would you expect to
happen when cortisol is released?
A) CRH and ACTH levels will decrease
B) CRH levels will increase, but ACTH levels will decrease
C) CRH levels will decrease, but ACTH levels will increase
D) CRH and ACTH levels will increase
48- A body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is ________.
A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) nervous tissue
True/ False:
49- Cardiac muscle cells are characterized by striated appearance and the presence of
intercalated disks.
50- Bones are made of hardened fibrous connective tissue.
51- Cardiac muscle cells have a smooth appearance and can be voluntarily controlled.
52- Smooth muscles have a striated appearance and can be voluntarily controlled.
53- Bones are a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals.
54- New bones are synthesized by osteoblasts and old bones are broken down/ recycled by
osteoclasts.