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SINGAPORE STANDARD
SS 332 : 2007
(ICS 13.220.50; 91.060.50)
SPECIFICATION FOR
Fire doors
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1, August 2009)
Published by
SPRING Singapore
2 Bukit Merah Central
Singapore 159835
SPRING Singapore Website: www.spring.gov.sg
Standards Website: www.standards.org.sg
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SINGAPORE STANDARD
SS 332 : 2007
(ICS 13.220.50; 91.060.50)
SPECIFICATION FOR
Fire doors
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1, August 2009)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Singapore
Standard may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilming, without
permission in writing from SPRING Singapore at the address below:
Head
Standardisation Department
SPRING Singapore
2 Bukit Merah Central
Singapore 159835
Telephone: 62786666 Telefax: 62786667
Email: stn@spring.gov.sg
ISBN 981-4154-58-X
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This Singapore Standard was approved by the Building and Construction Standards Committee on
behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 12 September 2007.
First published, 1988
First revision, 2000
Second revision, 2007.
The Building and Construction Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:
Name
Capacity
:
Mr Goh Peng Thong
Standards Council
:
Er. Lee Chuan Seng
Standards Council
2 Deputy
Chairman
:
Mr Tan Tian Chong
Standards Council
Secretary
:
Mr Kenneth Lim See Khoon
SPRING Singapore
Members
:
Mr Boo Geok Kwang
Singapore Civil Defence Force / Fire Safety and
Shelter Department
Er. Chan Ewe Jin
Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Chan Yew Kwong
Ministry of Manpower
Mr Paul Fok
Land Transport Authority
Mr Goh Ngan Hong
Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers
Mr Anselm Gonsalves
National Environment Agency
Mr Desmond Hill
Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Joseph Lai Kuong Kiu
JTC Corporation
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong
Singapore Institute of Architects
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon
Nanyang Technological University
Ms Andris Leong Sou Kwan
Building and Construction Authority
Dr Lim Lan-Yuan
Association of Property and Facility Managers
Mr McDonald Low
Real Estate Developers' Association of Singapore
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock
Urban Redevelopment Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye
National University of Singapore
Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon
Singapore Manufacturers' Federation
Er. Shum Chee Hoong
Housing & Development Board
Dr Tam Chat Tim
Individual Capacity
Dr Tan Guan
Association of Consulting Engineers, Singapore
Chairman
st
1 Deputy
Chairman
nd
2
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The Technical Committee on Architectural Works appointed by the Building and Construction
Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of representatives
from the following organisations:
Name
Capacity
Chairman
:
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock
Member, Building and Construction Standards
Committee
Deputy
Chairman
:
Mr. Benedict Lee Khee Chong
Member, Building and Construction Standards
Committee
Secretary
:
Mr Han Kin Sew
SPRING Singapore
Members
:
Mr Choy Kin Man
TUV SUD PSB Pte Ltd
Mr Gan Geok Chua
Singapore Glass Association
Mr Koh Boon Pock
Singapore Timber Association
Mr Lau Kwong Chung
Singapore Institute of Architects
Major Lim Lam Kwang
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Mr Low Leong Leong
Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Mok Kwong Wah
CPG Corporation Pte Ltd
Mr Jeffery Neng Kwei Sung
Building and Construction Authority
Mr Felix Quek Kwang Yong
Tile Association
Mr See Sing Kok
Institution of Engineers Singapore
Mr See Sing Mun
Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
Mr Tang Chee Seng
Housing & Development Board
Assoc Prof Tse Swee Ling
National University of Singapore
Mr Wong Chung Wan
Setsco Services Pte Ltd
Mr Goh Chun Hee
Individual Capacity
Co-opted
Member
:
The Working Group appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this
standard comprises the following experts who contribute in their individual capacity:
Name
Convenor
:
Mr See Sing Mun
Members
:
Mr Cheong Soon Huat
Mr Joseph Chng
Mr Lee Kim Hock
Mr Vincent Leong Kuan Yu
Mr Song Yew Kee
Mr Thomas Tng
Mr Victor Yau
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The organisations in which the experts of the Working Group are involved are:
ASSA ABLOY Singapore Pte Ltd
DP Architects Pte Ltd
Glutz Singapore Pte Ltd
Kaba Security Pte Ltd
Land Transport Authority
Security System Association of Singapore
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Singapore Institute of Architects
Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
Singco (Pte) Ltd
TUV SUD PSB Pte Ltd
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Contents
Page
Foreword
8
CLAUSES
1
General
9
2
Definitions
9
3
Design requirements
11
4
Determination of fire-resistance rating
17
5
Hardware requirements and test methods
18
6
Variation from prototype
19
7
Installation
23
8
Marking
25
9
Responsibility of manufacturer/owner of building (or representative)
28
10
Maintenance information system
30
ANNEXES
A
Fire doors and their hardware
35
B
Identification tags
40
C
Methods for fixing of fire door frames to existing walls
41
D
Calculation for the forces of closing sliding doors
47
E
Fire-resistance tests
48
F
Door closer requirements and test methods
58
G
Corrosion resistance
70
H
An example of log book details
73
I
Example of fire door certificate and schedule of evidence of compliance
74
J
Example of the schedule of evidence of compliance
75
K
Door coordinator devices: Requirements and test methods – EN 1158
76
L
Door bolts: Requirements and test methods – EN 12051
78
M
Building hardware – Lever handles and knob furniture:
Requirements and test methods – EN 1906
80
N
Mechanical locks and latches: Requirements and test methods – EN 12209
82
O
Emergency exit devices: Requirements and test methods – EN 179
84
P
Panic exit devices: Requirements and test methods – EN 1125
88
Q
Single axis hinges: Requirements and test methods – EN 1935
94
R
Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors:
Requirements and test methods – EN 1155
96
S
Cylinders for locks: Requirements and test methods – EN 1303
99
T
Sliding door hardware: Requirements and test methods – EN 1527
101
U
Bibliography
102
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Page
TABLES
1
Lists of standards for hardware use on fire door
18
2
Limitation to size variations
19
3
Temperature rises as a function of time
54
4
Requirements for closing and opening moments, and the door closer efficiency
59
5
Overload test weight and test door friction
62
FIGURES
1
Clearance between door leaf and frame or finished floor
13
2
Form of directional arrow for sliding fire doors
17
3
Fire door frames fixed during wall construction
26
4
Terms relating to side-hung fire doors
32
5
Terms relating to locksets in side-hung fire doors
33
6
Terms relating to sliding fire doors
34
7
An example on the fixing of frames by hairpin anchors
43
8
An example on the fixing of frames by threaded anchors
44
9
An example on the fixing of frames by weld anchors for single-leaf door
45
10
An example on the fixing of frames by weld anchors for double-leaf door
46
11
Standard time-temperature curve
55
12
Furnace thermocouple assembly
56
13
Specimen surface thermocouple junction and insulating pad
57
14
Typical general arrangement of overload test apparatus
68
15
Plan view on arrangement of overload test apparatus
68
16
Flow chart of test procedure
69
17
Illustration of a swing arm door coordinator
77
18
Illustration of a single point bolt
79
19
Illustrations of lever handles and knob furniture
81
20
Illustrations of mechanical locks and latches
83
21
Illustration of a type A emergency exit device
84
22
Illustration of a type B emergency exit device
85
23
Illustrations of emergency exit devices
87
24
A panic situation
88
25
Type A panic exit device
89
26
Type B panic exit device
89
27
Types A and B panic exit devices
89
28
Overall projection of panic exit device from door face
90
29
Illustrations of panic exit devices
93
30
Illustrations of single axis hinges
95
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Page
31
Illustrations of hold-open devices and hold-open mechanisms
98
32
Illustrations of cylinders for locks
100
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Foreword
This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Architectural Works under the
direction of the Building and Construction Standards Committee (BCSC). It is a revision of SS 332 :
2000 Specification for Fire Doors.
This standard is intended to complement the fire-protection requirements for building regulations and
provides only minimum requirements.
This standard covers the installation and construction of the fire door assemblies. The requirements
specified in this standard generally refer to materials and assemblies, which, through field experience,
have been found acceptable for such application.
The major revisions made in the standard are as follows:
a)
The test standards for various hardware, besides door closer, are included.
b)
Annex F on door closer requirements and test methods is updated.
c)
Back check on door closers is not required by the regulatory authority.
d)
The requirements on the clear opening area, width, height and vertical position of vision panel
on fire doors are aligned with the Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings 2007
administered by Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) and the Code on Accessibility in the
Built Environment administered by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA).
This standard is based on AS 1905.1 : 2005 – Components for the protection of openings in fireresistant wall – Fire resistant doorsets. Permission has been granted by SAI Global Ltd to reproduce
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. A copy of AS 1905.1 can be purchased at http://www.sai-global.com.
In preparing this standard, reference was also made to the following publications:
1.
AS 1530.4 : 2005
2.
BS 476
3.
4.
5.
BS EN 1363 –1 : 1999
BS EN 1634-1 : 2000
BS EN 1154 : 1997
6.
ISO 3008-1976
Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures
Part 4 : Fire-resistance test of elements of construction
Fire tests on building materials and structures
Part 4 : 1970 Non-combustibility test for materials
Part 11 : 1982 Method for assessing the heat emission from building
materials
Part 22 : 1987 Methods for determination of the fire resistance of nonload bearing elements of construction
Fire resistance tests
Fire tests of door and shutter assemblies (Method of test)
Building hardware – Controlled door closing devices requirements and
test methods
Fire-resistance tests – Door and shutter assemblies (including Amd 1 :
1984)
Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publications.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.
NOTE
1.
Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and new
technical developments. The revisions of Singapore Standards are announced through the issue of
either amendment slips or revised editions.
2.
Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.
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Specification for fire doors
1
General
1.1
Scope
This standard specifies requirements for the construction and installation of fire-resistant doorsets
used to protect openings in walls and partitions which are required to resist the passage of fire.
Manufacturers of fire-resistant doorsets are strongly encouraged to implement quality control system
in accordance with ISO 9002.
This standard also applies to transom panels over 0.5 h fire rated doors, where the panels are
contained within the doorframe and form part of the doorset. A panel above a doorset, which is not
contained within the door frame, is considered as being part of the wall and is therefore subject to the
stability, integrity and insulation requirements set out in the Code of Practice for Fire Precaution in
Buildings. A transom within a door frame may be permanently fixed to the side members of the frame
or may be removable by means of mechanical fixing.
This standard shall be read in conjunction with the Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings.
This standard does not apply to lift-landing doors.
1.2
Normative references
The referenced documents in Annex U.1 are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
2
Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the terms used in describing fire doors shall be as defined or as
given in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
2.1
Approved
Approved by the Regulatory Authority.
2.2
Automatic
Designed to close automatically through operation of an approved sensing device.
2.3
Non-combustible
Deemed non-combustible when tested in accordance with BS 476 Part 4 or 11.
2.4
Non-self-latching bolt
A locking bolt which does not have a chamfered front and can only be retracted or projected by hand
operation.
2.5
Door stop
That part of door frame against which the door leaf stops.
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2.6
Doorset
A complete assembly comprising:
a)
the door leaf or leaves with vision panel, if any, and hardware or other in-built features;
b)
the door frame, if any, with its fixings to the wall and, for a sliding door, with all guides and
their respective fixings to lintel, wall or sill;
c)
a transom panel, if any, of size not exceeding 2000 mm width by 800 mm height for 0.5 h fire
rated doors only; and
NOTE – For transom panel exceeding the size of 2000 mm width by 800 mm height, the panel shall be
considered as part of the fire resistance wall and shall conform to its fire resistance requirements. Fire
rated glass is not permitted to be used to protect openings to escape staircase regardless of the size of
transom panel and/or rating of fire rated door.
d)
for an automatic fire door, the approved heat-actuated device(s) and the closing mechanism.
2.7
Double-acting door (also called ‘pivot swing door’)
A doorset whose leaf swings around one vertical side and is equally capable of opening in either
direction.
2.8
Finished floor
Applied to the sill of a fire door, means the final level of the sill including combustible floor covering.
2.9
Fire door
A doorset (timber, metal, glass, composite, etc) single or multi leaves which, except when varied as
permitted by this standard, is identical in assembly, construction and installation with a prototype that
has been submitted to the standard fire-resistance test and has fulfilled all the relevant test
requirements.
2.10
Fire resistance rating (FR)
The time in hours for which a fire door withstands each of the respective tests for integrity and
insulation in accordance with the fire-resistance test (see 2.11).
2.11
Fire resistance test
The fire resistance test is as specified in Annex E.
2.12
Heat-actuated device
A device which operates to effect the closure of an automatic fire door (see 3.1.4).
2.13
Recognised testing laboratory
A testing laboratory accredited by Singapore Accreditation Council or, recognised via mutual
recognition agreements with Singapore Accreditation Council and those deemed to be accepted by
the regulatory authority.
NOTE – The regulatory authority has jurisdiction to accept other testing laboratories, individuals or organisation
as being capable of conducting fire test or of providing formal opinion on fire doors.
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2.14
Regulatory authority
Authority that is responsible for preparing or adopting regulations.
2.15
Self-closing
An action by an approved device to bring the door leaf, without the assistance of electrical power, to a
close fitting position after each opening.
3
Design requirements
3.1
General
3.1.1
Materials
Unless otherwise specified by the Regulatory Authority, or in this section, no restriction shall be
imposed on the materials used for construction of the doorset provided that:
a)
the tested specimen satisfies the requirements of this standard;
b)
no asbestos is used as core materials or facings; and
c)
flame retardant paints and/or coating shall not be used to make doorset achieve the required
fire-resistance rating.
3.1.2
Self-closure
Doorsets, including electrically powered automatic doorsets, shall be self-closing. The test method
and requirements for automatic swing door operator shall comply with that of door closer, sequence
selector and electrically powered door hold-open devices, where applicable.
3.1.3
Hardware and furniture
3.1.3.1 Attachment
All hardware and furniture shall be attached by means of screws anchoring in metal plates, metal
members, metal thread anchors, expanding thread inserts or through-screw fixing. Split-frame type
expanding inserts shall not be used for fixing.
3.1.3.2 Self-latching
All hardware and furniture shall function so that the door is self-latching. For double leaf doorset, where
both leaves are required to be opened for escape purpose, automatic flushbolts shall be used on the
inactive leaf as a substitution for latched flushbolts. The installation of automatic flushbolts on doorset
shall be supported with fire resistance test evidence or otherwise assessed by a recognised testing
laboratory, and approved by the Regulatory Authority.
3.1.3.3 Door Coordinator devices
Door coordinator devices are required for doorsets in pairs having rebated meeting stiles, or single
bevel latches, to ensure self-closure and latching of both door leaves.
3.1.3.4 Permanent marking
Latches and closer bodies shall be marked in accordance with 8.5.
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3.1.3.5 Lockset and flushbolts
Unless the fire resistance of the prototype doorset is tested with retracted latch bolts on lockset and
flushbolts, all doorsets shall remain latched by the lockset and flushbolts when the door leaves are in a
closed position.
3.1.4
Sensing device
All automatic fire doors shall incorporate a heat-actuated device integral with the doorset. Alternative
sensing devices may be prescribed subject to the approval of the Regulatory Authority.
3.1.5
Double leaf doorset (with rebated meeting edges or astragal) fitted with panic exit device
Panic exit device shall only be fitted on the active door leaf. Inactive door leaf shall be without any
surface mounted hardware and fitted with automatic flushbolts.
3.2
Side-hung doors
3.2.1
Width of door seat rebate
The minimum width of door seat rebate of the frame shall be as prototype tested.
NOTE – As a general design guide, width can varies from 15 mm to 25 mm depending on types of door
construction.
3.2.2
Clearance between door leaf and frame or finished floor
Door leaves in rebated frames shall have fitting tolerances of:
a)
not more than 3 mm between the door leaf and frame at the two edges and at the door head in
the closed position, and not more than 3 mm at the latch edge when measured in the nearclosed position at the leading edge of the leaf; and
b)
not less than 3 mm and not more than 10 mm between the bottom of the door leaf or door
leaves and the finished floor with the door closed when measured as follows:
1)
for doors leading to fire-protected stairs, fire-protected passageways, fire-protected
ramps and doors in fire walls – from the finished floor as shown in Figure 1(b);
2)
for other doors – from the floor covering as shown in Figure 1(a); or
3)
not more than the dimension indicated in the tested prototype.
NOTE – For metal and glazed doors, the gaps mentioned in 3.2.2. (a) are allowed to be increased as per prototype
tested.
3.2.3
Hinges and pivots
3.2.3.1 General
Hinges shall be made of steel or stainless steel, unless otherwise tested or assessed, and be
accurately aligned so that the door leaf swings freely without bias in the opening direction. Split-frame
type expanding inserts shall not be used. When the door leaf is installed, it shall be clear in the frame
and the latch bolt shall engage freely with the striking plate.
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Figure 1 – Clearance between door leaf and frame or finished floor
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3.2.3.2 Frictional forces
Except for doorsets incorporating floor or head springs (for which the testing of frictional forces is not
practicable), when continuously applied perpendicular to the face of the door leaf at a radius of 700 mm
from the pivot centre, and before the closer arm is attached, the force required:
a)
to move the door leaf from the fully closed position to the fully open position and return to the
strike shall be not more than 2 N; and
b)
to bring the door leaf to the fully latched condition shall be not more than 20 N.
3.2.4
Materials for essential latching components
The materials used for all essential latching components of side-hung doors shall have temperature of
fusion not less than:
a)
for doorsets up to 2 hour fire-resistance rating – 890 oC; and
b)
for doorsets in excess of 2 hour fire-resistance rating – 1030 oC.
Refer to 8.5.4 for essential latching components.
3.2.5
Latch handles
The operating device which effects the retraction of the latch bolt shall be located at a point not more
than 1200 mm above the bottom of the doorleaf, or mid height of door panel. Where knobs are used to
operate the latch bolt, the clearance between the face of the knob and the face of the doorstop shall be
not less than 35 mm.
3.2.6
Latch bolts
The shoot of the latch bolt shall be not less than 12.5 mm and shall be adjusted to engage the bolt hole
in the frame by a distance of not less than 9.5 mm past the face of the striking plate, when the door is in
the latched position, unless otherwise tested or assessed.
3.2.7
Closure pressure relief
o
A vent, plugged with material of temperature of fusion below 100 C and located above level of oil in the
hydraulic chamber shall be included for all closers that incorporate:
a)
packing gland type pressure seal;
b)
an O-ring seal with a backup seal; or
c)
cup seals with a backup seal.
3.2.8
Cushioned back-checking action of the closer
The self-closure system may incorporate a cushioned back-checking action to prevent shock when the
door is forcibly opened. This action shall not commence until the door leaf has opened to not less than
75o of opening, and shall be effective over not less than the last 5o of opening (see Note 1).
NOTE 1 – The final angle of effectiveness of the cushioned back-checking action depends on the particular location
where each fire door is to be installed. For the purposes of fire-resistance testing, it is recommended that the
maximum opening angle of the door is assumed to be 90o. The cushioned backing action should preferably be
factory set.
NOTE 2 – For information regarding the selection of door closer, see Annex F.
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3.3
Double-acting doors
3.3.1
Clearances
Clearances between the edges of the door leaf and the wall, floor, head and frame shall be not greater
than that necessary for the operation of the doorset and in no case shall these clearances exceed that
specified in 3.2.2.
3.3.2
Performance
A double-acting door shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that its operational
performance is not inferior to that of a side hung door (see 3.2).
3.4
Hardware installed on fire doors
Typical applications of hardware are shown in Annex A.
3.5
Sizes for fire doors
3.5.1 The recommended combinations for door size with respect to a single door leaf size are
tabulated below:
Width(mm)
Height(mm)
2050
2200
2400
950
1050
1150
1250
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NOTE 1 – These are recommended sizes, however other combination of sizes may be used to suit the
requirements of the project. For unequal double leaf door used for exit or exit access purpose, minimum size of
active leaf shall be 900 mm width and the width of the inactive leaf shall be able to accommodate a suitable door
closer.
NOTE 2 – In the selection of the appropriate door size, consideration for the clear width of exit doors and exit
access door shall comply with the fire code requirements.
NOTE 3 – The hinges and door closer for incorporation in the doorset of the selected size shall be compatible with
the doorset and shall meet the expected fire resistance performance of the doorset.
3.5.2
In the selection of hinges, the following shall be taken into consideration:
a)
The adequacy of the hinges to support the weight of the door leaf as not to subject the door leaf
to undue wear and tear or malfunctioning.
b)
The mounting on either timber or steel door frame shall be appropriate.
c)
If special mounting details are required, there shall be provisions on either door leaf or door
frame or both.
d)
The proposed hinges and its mounting details shall be supported by fire resistance test or
assessment report from a recognised testing laboratory.
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3.5.3
In the selection of door closer, the following shall be taken into consideration:
a)
The door closer shall be of the correct power size as specified in Table 4 of Annex F for
effective operation of the door leaf.
b)
The fire resistance performance of the door closer shall be supported by test or assessment
report from a recognised testing laboratory.
c)
The door closer selected shall be suitable for its intended use, e.g. pressurised staircases,
corridors, M & E rooms, etc.
3.6
Horizontally sliding doors
3.6.1
Overlap of opening
The door leaf shall, in the closed position, overlap the clear opening with the dimension as prototype
tested.
3.6.2
Clearance between leaf and wall
With the door in the closed position, the average clearance between the face of the door leaf or leaves
and the return of the frame or wall face within the area of required overlap at the top and sides shall be
as prototype tested.
3.6.3
Clearance between the door leaf and the finished floor
With the door in the closed position, the clearance between the bottom of the door leaf and the finished
floor shall be as prototype tested.
3.6.4
Flush pulls and grips
Where a finger pull or grip is recessed into the face of a sliding fire door, and does not provide for a
retractable “D” handle, the recess shall:
a)
measure not less than 25 mm wide x 70 mm high; and
b)
offer not less than 20 mm depth of finger purchase in a plane normal to the direction of door
movement, except that where the recess is undercut by not less than 5o to the plane normal to
the direction of door movement, the depth of finger purchase may be reduced to 12 mm, unless
prototype tested.
NOTE – ‘Purchase’ is defined as a firm hold on the finger pull or grip to move the door or to prevent from
slipping or leverage.
Where pulls or grips are recessed into both faces of the sliding fire door, they shall be staggered in their
location so as to give a clear distance of not less than 75 mm between any of their parts. They shall be
located vertically so that they are neither less than 900 mm nor more than 1100 mm above the finished
floor on the side from which they are visible.
3.6.5
Directional arrows
All sliding fire doors shall be provided with sharply delineated arrows of the form and dimensions shown
in Figure 2, which shall indicate the direction of opening of the doors. The surface of such arrows shall
be not less than 3 mm above or below the plane of their surround. If not embossed in the material of
the door, the arrows shall be mechanically affixed at the midpoint of the face of each door leaf at a
height of neither less than 900 mm, nor more than 1200 mm, above floor level.
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Figure 2 – Form of directional arrow for sliding fire doors
4
Determination of fire-resistance rating
4.1
General
The fire-resistance rating of the doorset shall be determined by submitting a prototype to the standard
fire-resistance test, described in Annex E.
4.2
Test mounting
Doorsets intended for the protection of openings in brick, concrete block and reinforced concrete
walls shall be tested when mounted in any one of such types of wall construction.
Doorsets intended for the protection of openings in other types of fire-resisting walls or specific type of
fire-resisting lightweight partitioning shall be tested when mounted in an opening in walls or
partitioning identical in construction with that in which they are to be used.
4.3
Exposure to fire
4.3.1
General
Except as provided in 4.3.3, two prototypes of a side-hung or pivoted fire door shall be tested. One
prototype shall be mounted so that the door leaf swings towards the fire in the test furnace and the
other prototype shall be mounted so that the door leaf swings away from the fire. Where the doorset
is not latched it shall be exposed to fire tests in both dimensions. The exposed face of the doorset
can also be the face that is deemed to be onerous by the recognised testing laboratory.
4.3.2
Side-hung doors symmetrical face-to-face
Where, because of the symmetry of its construction face-to-face and the materials of construction of
the doorset, the nature of the deflection of the door leaf relative to the door frame can be reasonably
estimated, the prototype to be tested first shall be that which is mounted according to (a), (b) or (c)
below, as appropriate:
a)
Door leaves, the framing and/or facing materials of which are subject to thermal expansion.
These door leaves when heated from one side will deflect towards the fire along their
horizontal centreline. Where such door leaves are latched near that centreline only, the
prototype shall be tested so that the door leaves are mounted to swing away from the fire in
the test furnace.
b)
Door leaves, the framing and/or facing materials of which are subject to thermal shrinkage.
These door leaves when heated will deflect away from the fire along their horizontal
centreline. Where such door leaves are latched near the centreline only, the prototype shall
be tested so that the door leaves are mounted to swing towards the fire in the test furnace.
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c)
Door leaves, the framing and/or facing materials of which are not subject to pronounced
thermal movement and door leaves which incorporate timber edge-strips. Regardless of
swinging or latching arrangements, prototype having these door leaves shall be tested so that
the door leaves are fully exposed to the fire, i.e. mounted to swing towards the fire in the test
furnace.
If the prototype performs satisfactorily in the fire test and the recognised authority is satisfied that the
reverse way of swinging represents the more favourable case, it may then waive the requirement of
the second test.
4.3.3
Side-hung doors not symmetrical face-to-face
If the construction of the leaf of a side-hung fire door is not symmetrical from face-to-face, two
identical prototypes shall be tested for fire resistance from both sides. In one test the door leaf shall
be mounted to swing towards the fire in the test furnace, and in the other test the door leaf shall be
mounted to swing away from the fire.
4.3.4
Horizontally sliding doors
Horizontally sliding doors intended to protect openings used for general access or passage shall,
regardless of construction, be tested with their suspension system exposed to the fire in the test
furnace.
5
Hardware requirements and test methods
5.1
Door closer used on side-hung fire doors shall be subjected to the requirements and test
method as described in Annex F.
5.2
As amended
Aug 2009
Other hardware
5.2.1 Other hardware, except sliding and folding door hardware, shall be subjected to the requirements
of the test standards specified in Table 1.
5.2.2 These hardware may be fitted to fire doors provided that the limitations shown for leaf mass
and/or width derived from the relevant hardware product standards are not exceeded and its
application on fire doors is supported by fire resistance test evidence.
As amended
Aug 2009
Table 1 – List of standards for hardware use on fire door
S/N
Hardware
Max. leaf mass
Max. leaf width
Standards
Annexes
in SS 332
1
Door coordinator devices
160 kg
1600mm
EN 1158
K
2
Door bolts
No limit
No limit
EN 12051
L
3
Lever handles and knobs
No limit
No limit
EN 1906
M
4
Mechanical locks and
latches
No limit
No limit
EN 12209
N
5
Emergency exit devices
200 kg
1300mm
EN 179
O
6
Panic exit devices
200 kg
1300mm
EN 1125
P
7
Single axis hinges
160 kg
1600mm
EN 1935
Q
8
Electrically powered door
hold-open devices
160 kg
1600mm
EN 1155
R
9
Cylinders for locks
No limit
No limit
EN 1303
S
10
Sliding and folding door
hardware (for information)
No limit
No limit
EN 1527
T
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6
Variation from prototype
6.1
Size
Doors of sizes different from those of tested prototype are permitted within certain limitations but the
variations are dependent on product type (e.g. hinged doors and sliding doors) and length of time that
the performance criteria are fulfilled. However, no alteration shall be made to the nominal thickness
of the door leaf, to other dimensions of the door frame or component parts of the door leaf, or to the
clearances specified in Clause 3. The limitations are shown in the following Table 2.
With the increase in weight, any oversize door leaf shall be incorporated with compatible door closer
and hardware.
Table 2 – Limitation to size variations
Door type
Category ‘A’ allowances
Category ‘B’ allowances
Hinged doors
Unlimited size reduction is permitted for all
except insulated steel doors where a
reduction to 50 % width and 75 % height of
tested specimen is the limit of variation. Size
increase is not permitted.
Sliding doors
Unlimited size reduction is permitted for all
except insulated steel doors where a
reduction to 50 % width and 75 % height of
test specimen is the limit of variation.
Size increase is permitted up to:
30 % height
30 % width
30 % area
Unlimited size reduction is
permitted for all types.
Size increase is permitted up to:
15 % height
15 % width
20 % area
Unlimited size reduction is
permitted.
Size increase is permitted up to:
50 % height
50 % width
50 % area
NOTE – Category ‘A’: The classification time, in term of test period, was just reached.
NOTE 2 – Category ‘B’: The classification time, in term of test period was extended in accordance with the
following values before the test was terminated:
a)
Classification periods up to 30 min require an additional 20 % time i.e.
20 % for 15 min = 3 min
20 % for 20 min = 4 min
20 % for 30 min = 6 min
b)
Classification periods above 30 min require an additional minute per supplementary quarter of hour i.e.
+ 1 min for 45 min = 7 min
+ 2 min for 60 min = 8 min
+ 4 min for 90 min = 10 min
+ 6 min for 120 min = 12 min
+ 10 min for 180 min = 16 min
+ 14 min for 240 min = 20 min
NOTE 3 – For Category ‘B’ doorsets, further increase in size is permissible, if in the opinion of a recognised
testing laboratory that fire performance of the tested prototype shall not be reduced, subject to approval by
Regulatory Authority.
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6.2
Door leaf
6.2.1
Construction
Substitution or addition of facing, edging, alternative material and plastic signages in the construction
of the door leaf may only be made if, in the opinion of a recognised testing laboratory that such
modification(s) do not reduced its fire performance, subject to approval by the Regulatory Authority.
However, substitution of core material is not allowed. Reduction of core thickness may only be
allowed if, in the opinion of a recognised testing laboratory that such modification(s) do not reduce its
fire performance, subject to approval by Regulatory Authority.
Surface mounted timber mouldings are allowed on timber door leaf.
Where the paint finish is for decorative purposes, it is acceptable.
6.3
Frames
Single-rebate and double–rebate door frames are interchangeable. Substitution or addition of
alternative material in the construction of the door frame may only be made if, in the opinion of a
recognised testing laboratory that such modification(s) do not reduce its fire performance subject to
approval by Regulatory Authority.
Where the paint finish is for decorative purposes, it is acceptable.
No variations shall be permitted for the following items, unless assessment report is obtained from a
recognised authority and subject or approval by the Regulatory Authority:
a)
Decrease in either dimension of the door seat rebate in which the door leaf is fitted.
b)
Decrease in the width of either architrave face of the door frame.
c)
The thickness of gauge of material used.
d)
The method of mounting and anchoring of the door frame in the wall opening except as noted
in 7.7.
e)
Change of door frame material for fire doors rated one hour and above.
6.4
Wall construction
For wall construction other than masonry, variation of the wall type or wall system shall not be made
unless the doorset has been subjected to a full–scale fire resistance test in a wall type or system that
has been the subject of a full-scale fire test, and has:
a)
the same (or more severe) deflection characteristics as the proposed wall;
b)
the same frame (and sliding-door track) and wall mounting details on the proposed wall; and
c)
achieved the required fire resistance level.
NOTE – For example, for a drywall system the results obtained for a fire doorset, fire-tested in a 64 mm steel stud
partition faced with two layers or 16 mm plasterboard may be applicable to a similar partition with greater stud
depth or greater facing thickness.
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6.5
Hardware
6.5.1
General
Other than as permitted under 6.5.2, no hardware shall be added and no variation shall be made in
the type, positioning, fixing, material, method of construction, geometry of operation, or temperature of
fusion of any item of hardware fitted to a fire door unless in the opinion of a recognised testing
laboratory that such modification(s) do not reduce its fire performance, subject to approval by the
Regulatory Authority.
NOTE 1 – Some notes on the selection of door closers are given in Annex F, Table 4.
NOTE 2 – An assessment report from a recognised testing laboratory is required for cutout in excess of prototype
tested doorset for installing hardware, e.g concealed door closers, cylindrical/mortise/multi-point locksets,
electronics lock, electric strikes, EM lock, concealed hinges, concealed magnetic door contact, eye viewer, panic
device, etc.
6.5.2
Permissible variations
The following variations from the requirements of 6.5.1 are permissible:
a)
Variation may be made in other metallic finishes.
b)
A push-plate or kick-plate which was mounted on the tested prototype or was added as the
result of alternative testing as described in 6.5.1 and which was not held on by or did not form
part of the latchset or lockset furniture may be reduced in either dimension, but shall not vary
in material of construction.
c)
Door closers where:
d)
1)
The arm configuration of a surface-mounted closer may be interchanged between
regular-arm and parallel-arm but not with sliding arm.
2)
The location of the door closer may be varied provided that the distance between the
nearest edge of the closer and the hinge stile is not reduced, as with respect to the
tested prototype.
3)
An alternative closer manufactured by the same manufacturer and of a smaller closer
in the same series of closers may be used provided the closer:
i)
is manufactured from the same materials;
ii)
has the same operating mechanism designs; and
iii)
uses the same hydraulic fluids.
Locksets where:
1)
The location of the latchset or lockset may be varied up to 80 mm vertically in either
direction from mid height of door leaf; up to a maximum of 1200mm from the finished
floor. However, for elevated doorset, the location of the latchset or lockset shall be at
mid height of door leaf with a variation of up to 80mm vertically in either direction.
2)
The backset of a lockset or latchset may be reduced, provided that no encroachment
is made on the structural framework of the door leaf. Minor changes may be made in
the operating characteristics of hardware, provided that these do not require
modification of the door leaf or door frame and do not otherwise prejudice the fire
resistance of the doorset. Typically, such changes are functions of key-in-knob
latchsets involving a variation in the knob only and not in the essential bolt-operating
mechanism. Where doubt arises as to the acceptability of such variations, the
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opinion should be sought of a competent organisation acceptable to the authority that
carried out the fire-resistance test on the prototype doorset.
3)
4)
Where locksets or latchsets are operated by a steel shaft, their surface-mounted
furniture such as handles, knobs and escutcheon plates may be varied provided that:
ii)
the temperature of fusion of any substitutive part is not lower than that of the
corresponding part on the tested prototype.
iii)
any substitutive handle or knob is not so massive or asymmetrical as to
introduce a turning moment about the operating shaft which exceeds 0.07
Nm, or for a substitutive lever is more than 10 percent greater than the
moment induced by the corresponding part on the tested prototype; and
iv)
the new escutcheon plate covers adequately any hole in the door leaf formed
to accommodate the lockset or latchset, but does not cover an area of the
face of the door leaf which exceeds by more than 20 percent the area which
was covered by the corresponding plate fitted to the tested prototype.
A surface-mounted self-latching lockset may be fitted to the fire door. In addition to
the tested lockset, for additional security. The hole drilled through the door leaf to
accept the locking cylinder must be not larger than 32 mm diameter. The locking
cylinder must be made of brass or metal of higher melting point. The head diameter
of the cylinder or its escutcheon must be larger than the cylinder hole in the door leaf.
The cylinder assembly must be fixed to the door leaf by steel screws through a steel
mounting plate which effectively covers the hole in the door leaf. The connecting bar
clearance hole in the mounting plate must be not greater than 15 mm diameter.
NOTE – Where fire seals are fitted, the surface-mounted self-latching lockset shall not impede
its activation.
5)
e)
Lockset or latchset of identical or smaller dimensions and identical material as
prototype tested can be used.
Hinges
The fixing of hinges to door frames may be effected by welding in lieu of metal thread steel
screws, and vice versa. Hinge of identical dimensions or smaller and same material as
prototype tested can be used.
NOTE – For timber and timber composite doorsets, the distance of the screw fixings from the centre of
the leaf edge shall be similar to the tested hinges.
f)
Door holder
Surface mounted electromagnetic door holder can be used.
6.6
Others
6.6.1
Vision panel and viewing lenses
Except hardware permitted in 6.4, no vision panel or viewing lenses shall be allowed in any door leaf
unless a prototype incorporating such feature has demonstrated satisfactory behaviour in a full-scale
fire test conducted in accordance with Clause 4. Each vision panel shall incorporate a permanent
identification mark, except for wired glass.
6.6.1.1 Vision panels
Opening in door leaves to accommodate vision panel shall not be permitted unless such openings
were included in the tested prototype.
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Vision panel incorporate in fire door to protected staircase and smoke stop/fire lift lobby shall be
installed in a clear opening not exceeding 60,000mm2 and not less than 30,000mm2 with a clear width
of minimum 100mm. The vision panel height shall not be less than 600mm. The vision panel shall
have the requisite fire resistance rating and shall not turn opaque when subject to heat. The vision
panel shall be located with the bottom edge not higher than 900mm and the top edge lower than
1500mm measured from the finished floor level.
Other than fire doors to protected staircase and smoke stop/fire lift lobby, variation may be made to
the width, height, bottom edge and top edge position, and clear opening area of vision panel fitted to a
fire door, subject to approval by the Regulatory Authority.
6.6.1.2 Viewing lenses
Openings to accommodate viewing lenses may be permitted in the door leaf of any fire door, provided
that the integrity of such installation is supported by assessment report from a recognised testing
laboratory.
6.6.2
Louvres (intumescent activated air transfer grille)
Openings in door leaves to accommodate louvres shall not be permitted unless such openings were
included in the tested prototype and its usage approved by regulatory authority. The following
conditions shall also apply:
a)
Louvres shall be permitted only for 0.5 h fire rated doorset.
b)
It shall be positioned below half height of the door leaf.
c)
Its size shall not exceed 300 mm x 300 mm.
d)
Louvres opening shall be completely sealed under fire condition.
e)
It shall not be used at escape staircase, exit passageway and protected lobby.
6.7
For both “Category A” and “Category B” doorsets, recognised testing laboratories issuing
assessment reports containing multiple design variations for the same prototype doorset shall ensure
there is no cumulative effect if more than one variation is applied.
7
Installation
7.1
General
The method of installation of any fire door shall be the same as that of the tested prototype, except as
permitted by 4.3 and 7.7(b).
7.2
Sensing devices
Any prescribed sensing device which operates to effect the closure of automatic fire doors shall be
positioned within the stream of air that passes the door opening when the fire door is fully open.
Where the sensing device is to be mounted on the ceiling, it shall be set back horizontally from the
door opening by a maximum distance of 1.5 m, or the distance between the ceiling and the top of the
door opening whichever is the greater.
7.3
Travel limiting devices
Every side hung or double-acting fire door shall be protected by means of buffers, stops or other
travel-limiting devices to prevent damage in any installation where the fire door or its accessories
could be subjected to strain or racking through forceful or careless operation. A door closer is not
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considered a travel-limiting device for the purpose of this clause. The angle subtended by the clear
opening of the door shall not be less than 90°.
7.4
Counterweighing system for horizontally sliding doors
7.4.1
Protection
Where a counterweighing system is used to provide automatic closure of sliding fire doors under fire
conditions, this system shall be protected to ensure free operation by means of adequate guards or
enclosures. Counterweights shall be not less than 150 mm clear of the floor in the door-closed
position.
7.4.2
Adjustment
At the time of installation, the counterweighing systems shall be adjusted as follows:
a)
b)
Where it is necessary to pass through fire door to reach the required exit, the force required
shall not exceed 110 N in order:
1)
to move the door leaf from its closed position;
2)
to move the door from its stationary position after the release mechanism has
operated; or
3)
to operate the door leaf through its full travel.
In other cases, the force required shall not exceed 180 N in order:
1)
to move the door leaf from its closed position;
2)
to move the door from its stationary position after the release mechanism has
operated; or
3)
to operate the door leaf through its full travel.
NOTE – Calculation for forces are shown in Annex D.
7.5
Double-acting doors
Double-acting doors having two door leaves shall be installed with no sequence selector.
7.6
Door sill
The sill to opening in which a fire door is mounted shall be of concrete or other material not deemed
combustible when tested in accordance with BS 476 Part 4 or 11. In the case of sliding fire-resistant
doorset, the sill constructed of such material shall project not less than 100 mm beyond the wall face
and extend for a distance of not less that 150 mm on either side of the opening on the side of the wall
on which the fire door is mounted. (See 3.3, 3.4 and Figure 1).
Four-sided frame can also be used.
NOTE – Materials for floor coverings which extend through a fire-resistant doorset opening are not within the
scope of this standard.
7.7
Fixing of door frames
Except as permitted in 7.7(b), door frames shall be fixed in accordance with 7.7(a) below.
a)
The door frame shall be fixed as in the prototype.
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NOTE – Where the frame is incorporated in the wall as construction progresses, it is recommended that
it be thoroughly and progressively grouted with mortar, as shown in Figure 3. For masonry construction,
walling units and lintels should be entered as deeply as practicable into the jamb cavities, and frame
head and jamb cavities should be thoroughly and progressively grouted in with mortar. In addition,
frames built into masonry walling should be provided with metal anchors designed to provide positive
rotational restraint to jambs about their vertical axis. Such anchors should be of similar type to and not
less in number or greater in spacing than those of the tested prototype. In any case anchors should be
built into mortar joints to a depth of not less than 75 mm at spacing not exceeding 400 mm vertically (see
Figure 3).
b)
In variation to the requirements of paragraph (a) above, the door frame may be fixed in
accordance with the recommended techniques described in Annex C but subject to the
following conditions:
1)
The fixing techniques shall apply only to doorsets whose prototype was built as
described in the note to (a) above.
2)
The size of the opening shall be such that the clearance between the frame and the
edge of the opening does not exceed 25 mm. Where an opening is to be reduced in
size to accommodate the frame, the structural adequacy and fire resistance of the
added walling shall be compatible with that of the existing wall.
3)
The spacing and location of anchoring points shall be equal to that of the prototype,
except that additional anchoring points are permitted.
4)
Adequate clearances around the frame shall be retained for the purposes of grouting
the frame cavity.
5)
Jamb cavities shall be fully grouted.
6)
The head cavity shall be grouted in a manner that will prevent a flame passage
across the top of the frame.
7)
Where the frame is fixed by the method of threaded anchors (see C2.3 of Annex C)
all packers shall be in position and all threaded anchors shall be fully tightened before
any grout is placed.
8
Marking
8.1
General
The door leaf and door frame, if any, of every fire door installed in a building shall each be marked
with the information listed in 8.2 by means of identification tags in accordance with 8.3.
8.2
Information
The following information shall appear on the identification tags for door frame and door leaf:
a)
Name of the fire door manufacturer and licensor (See Annex B);
b)
Fire resistance rating of the doorset;
c)
Identification number of the individual doorset;
d)
Date of manufacture; and
e)
Name of local licensee/supplier.
NOTE – Such identification should also be recorded by the manufacturer/supplier for possible subsequent project
identification for a period of 7 years.
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Figure 3 – Fire door frames fixed during wall construction
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8.3
Identification tags
8.3.1
Dimensions.
The identification tags shall measure not less than 50 mm x 25 mm.
8.3.2
Method of marking
The required information shall be etched, embossed, stamped or printed on the identification tags.
Alphabetic or numeric characters shall be not less than 1.5 mm high.
8.3.3
Method of fixing
The identification tags shall be firmly fixed to minimise the possibility of detachment during the service
life of the fire doorsets. The tags shall be nailed, screwed, riveted or glued. Manufacturers are
strongly advised to provide adequate permanent protection to the identification tags.
8.3.4
Affixing
The identification tags shall be affixed only after the inspection at the manufacturing premises is
completed and as follows:
a)
Horizontally sliding doors. The tags shall be affixed to the trailing edge of the door leaf at
approximately 1.5 m above floor level and at approximately the same height on the door
frame, if any.
b)
Side-hung and double-acting doors. The tags shall be affixed to the edge of the hinge stile of
the door leaf and the jamb of the door frame at approximately 1.5 m above floor level or just
below the top hinge, whichever is lower.
c)
Two-leafed doorsets. The tag shall be at one of the leaf.
8.4
Additional marking
Additional marking to show evidence of compliance with this standard may be required by the
Regulatory Authority.
8.5
Marking of locksets and closers
8.5.1
General
Lockset and closer bodies shall be permanently marked by means of engraving, embossing or
stamping.
The marks shall be discernible to the naked eye and shall be located so that they are either directly
visible or can be exposed by removal of a decorative plate or cover.
8.5.2
Lockset
The following information shall be provided on the lockset for identification purposes:
a)
Manufacturer or the brand of the lockset shall be marked on the fore-end of the lockcase; and
b)
Model series number of the lockset shall be provided in packing or catalogues.
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8.5.3
Closer body
The following information shall be provided and marked on the door closer body for identification
purposes:
a)
Manufacturer’s name or the brand of the closer;
b)
Model series number of the closer; and
c)
The year and week of manufacture.
8.5.4
Essential latching components
In cases where alternative essential latching components (see 6.4) are available for use with the one
latchset, these components shall each bear marks that enable the fire resistant doorset sponsor to
identify the combination that was employed with the tested prototype. The following shall be deemed
essential latching components:
a)
latch bolt;
b)
striking plate; and
c)
both-retaining plate.
The metallic composition of these components shall be represented by the following symbols:
a)
Brass
B
b)
Nickel silver
NS
c)
Aluminum bronze
AB
d)
Stainless steel
SS
e)
Mild steel
MS
9
Responsibility of manufacturer / owner of building (or representative)
9.1
Door manufacturer
9.1.1
General
When the installation is completed, the manufacturer shall inspect each installed fire-resistant doorset
and provide Schedule of Evidence of Compliance, only if can be confirmed that:
a)
hardware has been installed in accordance with the specified instructions of the relevant
manufacturer;
b)
hinges are correctly positioned and aligned;
c)
doorset latches satisfactorily from the fully open position and from any intermediate position;
d)
closer, if any, demonstrates satisfactory action as specified in 3.2.8;
e)
on the basis of evidence of test or the opinion of a recognised testing laboratory, or both, and
evidence of manufacture to the specifications of the test specimen, the doorset complies with
all other requirements of this standard; and
f)
clearances specified in 3.2.2, 3.3.1. 3.6.2, 3.6.3, or as indicated in the prototype test report,
have been met.
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9.1.2
Certification
When the installation of a fire resistant doorset in a building has been completed, the manufacturer
shall provide to the owner (or representative) with the Certificate of Conformity for the fire doorset
issued by a recognised testing laboratory and a written evidence of compliance in the form of a
numbered certificate indicating that:
a)
an inspection has been carried out by the manufacturer to ascertain the fire-resistance
doorset is installed in accordance with this standard; and
b)
each fire-resistant doorset is identical with the tested specimen, or where there are variations
from the tested specimen, the variations are in accordance with this standard.
NOTE – An example of a fire door certificate is given in Annex I.
9.1.3
Schedule of evidence of compliance
The required information shall be made available from records as set out in 9.4 and shall be
contained in the form of a Schedule of Evidence of Compliance confirming that the installation
complies with this standard.
NOTE – A sample format of the information in 9.1.4 is shown in Annex J.
9.1.4
Records and required information
The manufacturer shall maintain records of doorsets which shall be made available for inspection to
any person having reasonable cause for such inspection, listing the following information:
a)
Door identification number;
b)
Door location plan number with floor plan;
c)
Door type;
d)
Nominal dimensions of the door - width, height and thickness;
e)
Nominal dimensions of the frame – width, height and depth;
f)
Fire – resistance rating (FR);
g)
Lockset and closer type;
h)
Wall type;
i)
Miscellaneous items (for example, vision panel);
j)
Tested/Approved clearance between door leaf and frame, or wall, or finished floor;
k)
Test report/opinion reference number;
l)
Date of site inspection.
9.2
Owner of building (or representative)
9.2.1
Taking over and safe keeping of documents
The owner of building (or representative) shall ensure that documents relating to fire doors installed in
the building are received during the taking over of the building. These documents shall be properly
kept and made readily available for any future references.
The owner of building (or representative) shall receive the following documents:
a)
Fire door certificate (as shown in Annex I) issued by the door manufacturer.
b)
Fire doors schedule of evidence of compliance (as shown in Annex J) issued by the door
manufacturer.
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c)
‘Record of issue of fire door labels’ forms for the fire doors issued by an accredited testing
laboratory to issue such forms.
NOTE – These ‘Record of issue of fire door labels’ forms shall be kept for as long as the particular fire
doors are still in existence in the building. These forms carry information on serial number of label
issued to each particular fire door and the project where the fire door is being installed.
d)
Certificate of Conformity for the fire doorset issued by the accredited testing laboratory.
e)
Catalogues/brochures of hardware used.
9.2.2
Continuous performance of fire doors
The owner of building (or representative) shall be responsible for the maintenance of fire door
installed in the building and ensure that it is always in good working condition at all times.
A routine maintenance record log book (as shown in Annex H) shall be properly kept and made
readily available for any future references.
If there is any repair, rectification or modification works to be carried out on the fire doors, its
manufacturer shall be consulted. This is to ensure that any modifications to the fire doors are
acceptable and approved by the recognised testing laboratory. The repair or rectification works also
applies to all hardware used on the fire door.
In the event of replacement of existing hardware due to wear and tear or damage, the owner of
building (or representative) shall be able to replace the hardware with the same brand/model/make
and size of hardware without going through the original manufacturer of the fire door. However, if any
part of the fire door is damaged due to the removal of the existing hardware or installation of the
replacement hardware, the original door manufacturer must be engaged for the rectification works.
10
Maintenance information system
10.1
Records
A record system shall be provided to identify and record inspection/check and repairs carried out on
the fire resistant doorsets (made readily available for inspection by Regulatory Authority).
A maintenance record system may take the form of:
a)
A maintenance log book, covering routine inspection/check and repairs for all fire doors in a
building. The maintenance log book should be kept by the building owner or management
corporation. An example of the information is given in Annex H;
b)
Computer based record system; or
c)
Other permanent record system that is capable of easy interpretation or generally easily
interpreted reports and is to be cross referenced against an individual fire resistant doorset.
NOTE – The contents of 10.1(a) should be carefully read in conjunction with the current Fire Safety Regulations
on “Duties and Responsibilities of Building Owners and Fire Safety Managers”.
10.2
Required information
The following information shall be available from the record system:
a)
General:
1)
Sufficient information to identify the building, the building owner, the sponsor of the
prototype fire resistant doorset and the doorset manufacturer.
2)
Dates of applied occupancy in the building.
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b)
10.3
3)
Manufacturer’s identification / ‘Record of issue of fire door labels’ forms.
4)
Updated floor plans indicating door locations and numbers.
Identification of fire resistant doorset:
1)
Doorset number.
2)
Type of door, full dimensions and fire resistance rating.
3)
Subsequent repairs or replacements of any parts of the doorset to revert to
original/approved suppliers.
4)
Items of hardware and where applicable the marking that each item of hardware is
required to bear
Modifications and replacement of fire doors
Any modifications, covering alterations and additions to fire door and its replacement shall be
subjected to approval by the Regulatory Authority.
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Figure 4 – Terms relating to side-hung fire doors
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(c) Mortice latch with dead bolt
Figure 5 – Terms relating to locksets in side-hung fire doors
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Figure 6 – Terms relating to sliding fire doors
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Annex A
Fire doors and their hardware
A.1
Fire doors to be used for particular applications
A.1.1 Fire doors to exit staircases, exit passageways, smoke stop lobbies, firefighting / fire lift lobbies.
Fire doors to exit staircases, exit passageways, smoke stop lobbies, fire-fighting lobbies shall be
self-closing, capable of being open readily and manually by a single action without the use of a key or
a tool from the inside of the building, except that one-way locking device is allowed to be provided.
These doors shall be constructed to incorporate a vision panel which shall have the requisite fire
resistance rating and shall not turn opaque when subject to heat, and there shall be no cut-outs in the
door leaf for louvers.
A.1.2 Fire doors leading directly into individual fire compartmented residential
occupancies
Fire doors leading directly into individual fire compartmented residential occupancies shall be
self-closing. The provision of vision panel shall not apply to exit doors of residential apartment or
maisonette units and there shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for louvers with the exception of
viewing lenses.
A.1.3 Fire doors to individual fire compartmented industrial or warehouse
occupancies
Fire doors to individual fire compartmented industrial or warehouse occupancies shall be self-closing
and there shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for louvers.
A.1.4 Fire doors along paths of travel to exits in institutional or assembly buildings
Fire doors along paths of travel to exits in institutional or assembly buildings shall be capable of being
open readily and manually without the use of a key or a tool from the inside of the building and, where
required by the Regulatory Authority, by means of emergency exit device or panic exit device. Such
doors shall be self-closing and there shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for louvers.
A.1.5 Fire doors leading directly into cinemas, auditoriums, assembly halls, lecture
theatres etc.
Fire doors serving spaces of assembly / mass occupation such as cinemas, auditoriums, concert
halls, theatres, assembly halls, exhibition halls, lecture theatres, etc., which has to be kept shut and
fastened while the building or part of the building is occupied shall be fitted with panic exit device.
Such doors shall be self-closing and there shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for louvers.
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A.1.6 Fire doors to service shafts
Where allowed by the Regulatory Authority, fire doors to service shafts and ducts are not required to
be installed with automatic self-closing devices, provided such doors are kept closed and locked at all
times.
A.1.7 Fire doors to plant rooms
Fire doors to plant rooms within building shall be self-closing. Louvered openings permit smoke to
spread ahead of a fire and shall not be incorporated in fire doors to plant rooms unless specifically
approved for the particular situation. The louvered opening shall not be larger than the size in the
tested prototype and shall be protected by the automatic-closing device tested in the prototype fire
door assembly.
A.1.8 Double-acting pivot-swung fire doors to kitchens and health care occupancy
Double-acting pivot-swung fire doors to kitchens and health care occupancy shall be self-closing,
without selective sequence closing device, and there shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for vents.
A.1.9 Designated fire doors to smoke stop lobbies, fire fighting / fire lift lobbies for
staircase re-entry
Designated fire doors to smoke stop lobbies, fire fighting / fire lift lobbies for staircase re-entry shall
not be fitted with any locking devices to allow for re-entry from the staircase to the interior of the
building. These doors shall be self-closing and constructed to incorporate a vision panel, which shall
have the requisite fire resistance rating and shall not turn opaque when subject to heat, and there
shall be no cut-outs in the door leaf for vents.
A.2
Door hardware and fire code requirements for typical applications
Typical applications are shown in Table A.1.
36
Table A.1 – Fire door hardware and fire code requirements for typical applications
Door hardware
and fire code
requirements
Automatic
self closing
device
Door coordinator
device for
double leaf
door
Locking device
(egress side)
Without key
With
key
Optional
[1]
Not
allowed
Optional
Not
allowed
Emergency
exit device
Panic exit
device
Electromagnetic holdopen device
Smart card,
magnetic bar
and electromechanical
locking device
Vision
panel
Optional
Optional
Optional
[2]
Not allowed
[1],[3]
Required
Not applicable
Not
applicable
Optional
Not
Applicable
Typical
applications
A.1.1
Exit doors to fireprotected staircases,
passageways, ramps,
smoke stop lobbies, fire
lift / fire fighting lobbies
Required
[5]
Required
A.1.2
Exit access doors leading
directly into individual fireprotected residential
occupancies
Required
Not applicable
A.1.3
Exit access doors to
individual fire-protected
industrial occupancies
Required
[5]
Required
Optional
Not
allowed
Optional
Not
applicable
Optional
Optional
Optional
A.1.4
Exit access doors along
paths of travel to exits in
institutional or assembly
buildings
Required
[5]
Required
Required
Not
allowed
Required
Optional
Optional
Optional
Optional
37
Not applicable
Fire code
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2.3.9 (a) & (e) &
(j) & (k); 3.9.2
(a) & (b) & (c) &
(d) & (e) & (f);
3.10.3
Table A.1 – Fire door hardware and fire code requirements for typical applications
Door hardware
and fire code
requirements
Automatic
self closing
device
Door coordinator
device for
double leaf
door
Emergency
exit device
Locking device
(egress side)
Without key
Typical
applications
A.1.5
Required
[5]
Required
Required
Not
allowed
A.1.6
Fire doors to service
shafts
Optional
[4]
Optional
Optional
[4]
A.1.7
Exit access doors to plant
rooms
Required
Required
Optional
A.1.8
Required
Not allowed
Optional
Electromagnetic hold
open device
With
key
Exit access doors leading
directly into cinemas,
auditoriums, assembly
halls, lecture theatres, etc.
Double-acting pivotswung exit access doors
to kitchens and health
care occupancy
Panic exit
device
Required
Optional
Optional
Optional
Not applicable
[4]
Not
applicable
Not applicable
Not Applicable
Not
allowed
Optional
Optional
Optional
Not
allowed
38
Optional
Smart card, Vision panel
magnetic bar
and electromechanical
locking device
Not applicable
Optional
Optional
Optional
Not Allowed
Optional
Optional
Fire code
requirement
2.3.9 (a) & (e) &
(j) & (k); 3.9.2
(a) & (b) & (c) &
(d) & (e) & (f);
3.10.3
3.9.2 (a) & (b) &
(c) & (d) & (e) &
(f); 3.10.3
Optional
Optional
2.3.9 (a) & (e) &
(j) & (k); 3.9.2
(a) & (b) & (c) &
(d) & (e) & (f);
3.10.3
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Table A.1 – Fire door hardware and fire code requirements for typical applications
Door hardware
and fire code
requirements
Automatic
self closing
device
Door coordinator
device for
double leaf
door
Locking device
(egress side
Without key
Typical
applications
Designated exit doors to
smoke stop lobbies, fire
A.1.9
lift / fire fighting lobbies
for staircase re-entry
Required
[5]
Required
Not
allowed
Emergency
exit device
Panic exit
device
Electromagnetic hold
open device
With
key
Not
allowed
Not allowed
Not
allowed
Optional
[2]
Smart card, Vision panel
magnetic bar
and electromechanical
locking device
Not allowed
Required
Fire code
requirement
2.3.9 (a) & (e) &
(j) & (k) & (l);
3.9.2 (a) & (b) &
(c) & (d) & (e) &
(f); 3.10.3
NOTE 1 – One-way locking device such as emergency / panic exit device or thumb turn locking device or certain electro-mechanical locking device with one-way locking
function is allowed to be used subject to compliance with 2.3.9 (j) of the Fire Code.
NOTE 2 – Electro-magnetic or electro-mechanical hold open device shall be activated by the presence of smoke and/or the building alarm system to release the door from
being held open. Fire door opening into pressurised exit staircases shall not be held open to comply with 3.9.2 (e) (ii) of the Fire Code.
NOTE 3 – Access control to exit doors to staircases of Rapid Transit Systems (RTS) stations using smart card locking device, magnetic bar, electro-mechanical locking device
etc. is allowed by the relevant authority.
NOTE 4 – Automatic self closing device is required if fire doors to service shafts are not provided with locking device.
NOTE 5 – For unequal width double leaf door, care must be taken in hardware selection and installation to ensure that door closer with parallel arm is not impeded by the
presence of sequence selector
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Annex B
Identification tags
DOOR LEAF
XYZ Door Manufacturer (S) Pte Ltd
Tested to SS 332 Annexes E and F
Fire Rating
Door Ref
Mfg Date
:
:
:
H
ABC Pte Ltd Tel: 12345678 Fax: 12345678
Address : 123 EFG Road Singapore 654321
DOOR FRAME
XYZ Door Manufacturer (S) Pte Ltd
Tested to SS 332 Annexes E and F
Fire Rating
Door Ref
Mfg Date
:
:
:
H
ABC Pte Ltd Tel: 12345678 Fax: 12345678
Address : 123 Tractor Road Singapore 654321
(NOT TO SCALE)
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Annex C
Methods for fixing of fire door frames to existing walls
(See 7.7)
C.1
General
In cases where fire door openings must be used during the construction period of any building and it
is not reasonably possible to mask or guard built-in doors and frames to such openings against
possible damage at the time, or in cases where fire doors may have to be inserted in existing
structures, approval may be given for the fixing of door assemblies into prepared openings in
concrete or masonry walls at a time other than when the wall is built.
Methods for accomplishing the above are limited by the need to provide the following:
a)
b)
Stiffening of the frame sections by means of:
1)
fully backfilling the frame cavities at jambs with cement mortar or equivalent; and
2)
grouting the frame cavity at the head in a manner that will prevent a flame passage
across the top of the frame.
Adequate mechanical restraint for frame sections against any bowing, rotational movement or
dislodgement from the wall arising from differential expansion under fire conditions, door-slam
forces or the dead weight of the fire door.
Where frames are exposed to corrosive environment or where they are external doors exposed to
weather, all packing, shims, screws, bolts, etc, being part of the anchorage to the wall should be
corrosion-resistant.
The surfaces of the opening into which the frame is to be fixed and grouted should be suitably
prepared to achieve a rough surface to allow good bonding with the grout. The opening should be of
a size to accommodate the frame and a clearance should be provided around the frame edge to allow
grouting from the side and observation of the anchorage before grouting is proceeded with. Such
clearance should not exceed 25 mm.
C.2
Methods
C.2.1 General
As an alternative to incorporating the frame in the wall as construction progresses, there are, in the
trade, several recognised acceptable and practicable methods. However, none of the method has
been subject to the standard fire-resistance test. The methods are as follows:
a)
Fixing by means of bonded hairpin anchors;
b)
Fixing by means of threaded anchors;
c)
Fixing by means of Z-shaped anchors to lightweight partition wall; and
d)
Fixing by means of weld anchors.
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C.2.2 Fixing the frame by means of bonded hairpin anchors
The frame should be fixed as follows:
a)
At vertical spacings not greater than those given for frame anchors in the prototype, securely
fix 3.5 mm diameter corrosion-resistant steel wire anchors of a hairpin shape (see Figure
7(c)), to a depth of not less than 60 mm, either by building in or by drilling and grouting into
the reveals of the opening.
b)
7(c).
Position the frame while the anchors are bent up as shown for the upper anchor in Figure
c)
When the frame is finally positioned, bend out every anchor so that each fits inside the
channel formed by the frame section as shown for the lower anchor in Figure 7(c) (a special
tool may be needed for this operation).
d)
Insert a locking bar into each anchor section, as shown in Figure 7(a).
e)
After plumbing and bracing, complete the installation by fully grouting the frame cavities with
cement mortar or concrete.
C.2.3 Fixing the frame by means of threaded anchors
The frame should be fixed as follows:
a)
At vertical spacings not greater than those given for frame anchors in the prototype, fillet weld
25 mm x 5 mm low carbon or stainless steel connecting straps between both flanges at the
back of the frame (see Figure 8(a)).
b)
Through the hole(s) in each strap, secure the frame into the opening by means of steel or
brass threaded anchors of not less than 5 mm diameter and of sufficient length to obtain not
less than 25 mm of engagement inside the reveals of the opening. Obtain true-plumb frame
jambs by placing packers as shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b).
c)
Provide holes in the door stop faces for the purpose of entering and tightening the threaded
anchors. Where the heads of the threaded anchors are to remain exposed, provide metal
sleeves as shown in Figures 8(a) (ii) and 8(a) (iv). Where the heads of the threaded anchors
are to remain unexposed, fill the holes with a durable non-shrinking material and leave flush
with the surface of the frame.
d)
Complete the installation by fully grouting the frame cavities with cement mortar or equivalent.
C.2.4 Fixing of frames by means of weld anchors (for both single and double leaf
doors)
The frame should be fixed as follows:
a)
At vertical spacings not exceeding that of the prototype. Expansion anchors are fastened the
wall. (For jamb depth exceeding 200 mm, two anchors are used.) (See Figures 9 and 10)
b)
Frame is positioned and fastened to expansion anchors by means of welding. Steel joint
pieces connect diameter 9 mm vertical rod to expansion anchors. This fixing method is used
on vertical and head jambs.
c)
After plumbing and checking, void jamb cavities are filled with cement mortar grout.
d)
Clearance of frame edge to structural opening to be of minimum 30 mm each side to allow for
access of welding.
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Figure 7 – An example on the fixing of frames by hairpin anchors
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Figure 8 – An example on the fixing of frames by threaded anchors
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Figure 9 – An example on the fixing of frames by weld anchors for single-leaf door
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Figure 10 – An example on the fixing of frames by weld anchors for double-leaf door
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Annex D
Calculation for the forces of closing sliding doors
D.1
Formula to determine Force
Based on British Research Establishment Report 1979 on Fire Doors and Door Closers
Force required to open sliding door = Mass x Coefficient of Friction
The coefficient is between 0.2 to 0.9 as mentioned in the BRE Report.
D.2
To establish the force for exit sliding doors
Assumptions
Let us take, say 0.25 coefficient of friction for exit sliding doors and the gravitational pull as 10 m/s2.
Using a weight of 45 kg, which is common for females, and children who would need to use the
sliding exit door for escape purposes in an emergency.
Then the force required
Nearest whole number
D.3
=
=
=
45 kg x 10 m/s2 x 0.25
112.5 N
110 N
To establish the force for intermediate sliding doors
Assumption
Taking the coefficient of friction of 0.275 and assuming that the friction for intermediate doors is
higher, and the gravitational pull remains as 10 m/s2
Therefore assuming the weight of an average adult is about 65 kg to open a fire resistant sliding door
for access and not exit purposes.
Then the force required
Nearest whole number
=
=
=
65 kg x 10 m/s2 x 0.275
178.75 N
180 N
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Annex E
Fire-resistance tests
E.1
Principle
The test procedure enables the fire resistance of an element of construction to be determined on the
basis of the length of time for which a specimen satisfies one or more criteria when exposed to the
specified heating conditions.
The performance of a door assembly is influenced by the mechanical features of construction. The
results of a fire test may not always be valid for a construction having overall dimensions larger or
much smaller than those of the test specimen. Oversize variation of doorset is subjected to
assessment by recognised testing laboratory or unless otherwise permitted under 6.1.
E.2
Furnace
The furnace shall be capable of subjecting one side of the specimen to the heating condition as
specified in E.2.1 to E.2.3.
E.2.1 Temperature rise
The temperature rise within the furnace shall be controlled so as to vary with the time within the limits
specified in E.2.3, according to the following relationship:
T - T0 = 345 log10 (8t+1)
Where:
t is the time, expressed in min.
T is the furnace temperature at time t, expressed in oC.
T0 is the initial furnace temperature, expressed in oC.
The standard time-temperature curve representing this function is shown in Figure 11 and the
relationship expressed gives the values shown in Table 3.
E.2.2 Measurement of furnace temperature
E.2.2.1 The furnace temperature is the average of the temperatures recorded by thermocouples
arranged within the furnace.
E.2.2.2 These thermocouples shall not be less than one to every 1.5 m2, or part thereof, of the
exposed surface area of the test construction. In any case, the number of thermocouples shall be not
less than five.
E.2.2.3 The furnace thermocouples shall have measuring junctions that consist of either:
a)
Bare nickel chromium/nickel aluminium wires, 0.75 mm to 1.50 mm in diameter, welded or
crimped together at their ends, supported and insulated from each either in a twin bore
porcelain insulator except that the wires for 25 mm approximately from the weld or the crimp
shall be exposed and separated from each other by at least 5 mm (see Figure 12). Such
thermocouples shall be replaced after 6 h exposure or be recalibrate after every 6 h of use; or
b)
Nickel chromium/nickel aluminium wires contained within a mineral insulation and in a heat
resisting steel sheath of diameter 1.5 mm, the hot junctions being electrically insulated from
the sheath. The thermocouple hot junctions shall project 25 mm from a porcelain insulator.
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Each thermocouple hot junction shall be 100±10 mm from the nearest point of the test
specimen at the start of the test. It shall be maintained between 50 to 150 mm from the face
of the specimen during the test should any deflection or distortion of the specimen take place.
E.2.3 Tolerances
The percentage deviation (p) in the area under the curve of the average temperature recorded by the
specified furnace thermocouples versus time, from the area of the standard time-temperature curve
shall be within the following tolerances:
a)
±15 % for
0< t ≤10
b)
±10 % for
10< t ≤30
c)
±5 %
for
t > 30
p=
A− B
X 100
B
where:
A is the area under the actual furnace time-temperature curve
B is the area under the standard time-temperature curve
All areas shall be computed by the summation of areas at intervals not exceeding 1 min and shall be
calculated from time zero.
At any time after the first 10 min of test the temperature recorded by any thermocouple in the furnace
shall not differ from the corresponding temperature of the standard time-temperature curve by more
than ± 100 oC.
For specimens incorporating a significant amount of combustible material, the deviation of any one
thermocouple shall not exceed 200 oC.
E.3
Preparation of test specimen
E.3.1 Dimensions
The complete assembly to be tested shall be full size. When either of the dimensions of the full-size
construction is larger than it is possible to accommodate in the furnace, the test specimen shall have
the maximum size that can be accommodated; in such a case, the appropriate width or height shall
not be reduced by more than 10 % of the overall internal size of the furnace.
E.3.2 Construction
The test shall be performed on a complete door assembly as intended to be used in practice,
incorporating all hardware and other equipment. 1 The finish and form of the specimen shall be
representative of the finish and form that would be used in practice.
The door shall be tested in a wall of the type in which it is intended to be used particularly when it
forms part of a prefabricated or industrialised system. When this cannot be specified, the wall may be
of concrete or brick having a thickness of:
a)
about 100 mm for a test having an anticipated duration of 2 h or less; or
1
The term “hardware” includes such items as hinges, latches, door handles, locks, keyholes, viewing lenses,
sliding gear, closing devices, electrical wiring and any other items which may influence the performance of the
specimen being tested.
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b)
about 200 mm for tests of longer duration.
The mounting of the specimen shall be representative of its use in practice so that appropriate
clearances between the door and the frame or the surround exist. In the case of hinged timber doors,
the clearance between the door edge and frame shall be representative of that likely to be obtained in
practice and, if this cannot be specified, the clearance shall be not less than 3 mm. The clearance
shall be stated in the test report.
The assembly shall be fitted with the frame flush with the unexposed face of the wall unless the type
of door precludes such fixing or if it is likely to reduce the severity of exposure or be unrepresentative
of its use in practice.
Sliding door assemblies shall be mounted in accordance with the conditions of 4.3.4.
E.3.3 Conditioning
Specimens containing hygroscopic materials or other materials, which can be affected by moisture,
shall be conditioned to equilibrium with the prevailing conditions in the laboratory, which shall be
within the following limits:
a)
temperature (dry bulb) : 25 oC ± 15 oC; and
b)
relative humidity : 60 % to 85 %
Doors made entirely of metal or of metal and glass do not require any conditioning. The wall
containing the door shall be constructed not less than 2 weeks before the test in the case of a brick
wall or not less than 4 weeks in the case of a concrete wall. To minimise the effect on frame
temperature of excessive moisture in concrete walls, it may be necessary to condition them to a state
of equilibrium.
E.4
Test procedure
The specimen door shall be exposed on one face to the heating conditions specified in E.2. The
requirements for exposure to fire are specified in 4.3.
NOTE – The location of thermocouples for the measurement of furnace temperatures shall be with reference to
the exposed face of the wall except in the case of sliding doors fixed on the furnace side of the wall, when the
exposed door face shall be used as the reference plane.
Measurements and observations specified in E.6 shall be made during the test. The test shall be
terminated when the door nor longer satisfied the criteria under which its performance is being judged
or at any earlier stage by prior agreement between the sponsor and the recognised authority, even if
no failure under any of the criteria has occurred.
E.5
Measurements and observations
E.5.1 Furnace pressure
The static pressure in the furnace shall be measured, for example, by using the static pressure probe.
The measurements of the static pressure shall be located along a vertical axis on one side of and
close to the door assembly in line with the top and bottom edges of the clear opening. The pressure
shall be controlled so that by 5 min from commencement of the test a pressure gradient of 8.5±2 Pa
per 1000 mm height exists together with a neutral pressure axis at a height of 500 mm above notional
floor level. The pressure at the top of the specimen shall be at no time exceed a maximum of 20 Pa.
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E.5.2 Unexposed face temperature
The temperature of the unexposed face of the door assembly shall be measured by means of
thermocouples (see Figure 13) with a maximum wire diameter of 0.5 mm, brazed to a 0.2 mm thick by
12 mm diameter copper disc.
The disc shall be covered with a 30±0.5 mm x 30±0.5 mm x 2±0.5 mm (thick) insulating pad. The pad
material shall have a dry density of 900±90 kg/m3, a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/m oK ±10 % at
100 oC and shall be of a material capable of withstanding temperature of 400 oC without any change
in mechanical or physical properties. The insulation pads shall be slotted or provided with holes to
accommodate the thermocouple wires.
The pad with the disc, may be fixed to the surface of the specimen by some mechanical means fixed
through the areas outside that covering the copper disc or by the use of a heat-resisting adhesive,
ensuring that no adhesive gets between the disc and the surface of the specimen. Whatever fixing
means used, there shall be no significant effect on the transmission of heat through the specimen to
the copper disc.
Internal thermocouples for measuring cavity temperatures within the test specimens or of
temperatures within materials should remain insulated as close as possible to the junction. Any bare
wires shall be kept as far apart as possible to minimise electrolytic effects. All holes used for egress
of the wires are to be suitably sealed against the flow of hot gases.
For determining the mean temperature rise, at least five thermocouples shall be fixed on the face of
the door, excluding the frame, one at the centre and the others at the centre of each quarter-section.
None of these five thermocouples shall be fixed on positions with through-metal connections or closer
than 100 mm to the edge of the door leaf. If insulation data are required on glazed doors or multileafed doors, the thermocouples shall be distributed as uniformly as possible.
The maximum temperature rise on the unexposed face shall be determined from the five
thermocouples specified above plus additional thermocouples (fixed or mobile) which may be used
over through-metal connections or at other points considered to be of special interest.
Temperature measurements shall also be made on the frame members on the faces parallel to the
plane of the wall. Thermocouples shall be fixed at mid-height of the two vertical sides, at the centre of
the head member and at any other position where higher temperatures may be expected. The
thermocouples shall be located approximately 15 mm from the edge away from the door.
E.5.3 Radiation from unexposed face
Radiant heat flux shall be measured from the unexposed face of the specimen, by means of a
radiometer of other suitable means, along an axis normal to the centre of the door and at a known
distance from the edge. This distance shall be such that the field of view just covers the diagonal of
the door assembly.
E.5.4 Cotton pad test
The passage of flames and gases through cracks, holes or other openings in or around a door shall
be determined by applying a cotton pad to such openings at regular intervals during the test. The
cotton pad shall not be in contact with the element but shall be held for not less than 10 s and not
more than 30 s between 20 and 30 mm away from and centrally opposite any cracks, holes or other
openings in or around the door. The pad shall not be re-used if it has absorbed any moisture or
become charred during a previous application.
The cotton pad, measuring approximately 100 mm square x 20 mm think, shall consist of new undyed
and soft cotton fibres without any admixture of artificial fibres, and shall have a mass between 3 and 4
g. The pad shall be conditioned by drying in an oven at 100 °C for at least 0.5 h. The pad shall be
attached by wire clips to a 100 mm x 100 mm frame of 1 mm diameter wire, to which a wire handle
approximately 750 mm long is fixed. Note shall be made of the time when the first ignition of the
cotton pad occurs and the position where this takes place. With doors having no, or only slight,
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insulation, it may not be possible to apply this test shortly after the commencement of heating; in such
cases note shall be made of the time after which it is practicable to apply this test.
The use of the cotton pad test shall be discontinued at the time of loss of insulation.
E.5.5 Other observation
Note shall be made of the deformation of the specimen and the time when collapse of the whole or
part of the specimen takes place. Note shall also be made of any flaming sustained for 10 s or more
on the unexposed face and the emission of smoke. The ability of the door to be opened after the test
shall be noted.
E.6
Performance criteria
The fire resistance of the door assembly shall be determined by one or both of the following criteria
for loss of integrity and insulation.
E.6.1 Loss of integrity
E.6.1.1 Flaming
The time shall be noted at which flaming is sustained for 10 s or more on the unexposed.
E.6.1.2 Cotton pad test
The time shall be noted at which the first ignition of the cotton pad occurs. When the cotton pad test
cannot be used because of the level of radiation from the door, failure shall be deemed to have
occurred if an unobstructed gap of 6 mm in width by 150 mm in length develops. Ignition of the pad
shall be deemed to have occurred if, during application of the cotton pad test in the prescribed
manner, the cotton fibres of the pad are observed to be glowing.
E.6.1.3 Through gap test
Failure under the gap criteria occurs when gaps or fissures in excess of either 6 mm in width by 150
mm in length, or 25 mm in diameter, develop in the specimen during the test period. These gaps
criteria may be used at any location except the threshold.
E.6.2 Insulation
E.6.2.1 Mean unexposed face temperature – leaf
The time shall be noted at which the mean unexposed face temperature of the door as measured by
the thermocouples specified in E.5.2 for this purpose, exceeds the initial temperature by more than
140 0C.
E.6.2.2 Maximum unexposed face temperature – leaf
The time shall be noted at which the maximum temperature on the unexposed face exceeds the initial
temperature by more than 180 0C. Doors incorporating glazing and doors constructed of sheet steel
shall be considered to have failed to satisfy this criterion.
E.6.2.3 Mean unexposed face temperature – frame
The time shall be noted at which the mean temperature on the unexposed face of the frame exceeds
the initial temperature by more than 140 0C.
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E.6.2.4 Maximum unexposed face temperature - frame
The time shall be noted at which the maximum temperature on the unexposed face of the frame
exceeds the initial temperature by more than 180 0C.
E.6.2.5 Radiation from door
The radiation measurements from the unexposed face of the door shall be recorded. The Regulatory
Authority shall be consulted in the specification of limits which are considered safe for the storage of
materials and for personnel.
E.7
Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a)
Name of testing laboratory;
b)
Name of sponsor;
c)
Date of test;
d)
Name of manufacturer and the trade-name (if any) of the product;
e)
Details of construction and conditioning of the specimen and the materials used, together with
drawings; these shall be lodged with the testing authority for inclusion in the report where
appropriate; clearances and gaps between the door and the frame shall be fully recorded;
f)
Description of fixing of the test specimen to the surrounding wall and of the joint, if any,
between the door assembly and the surrounding wall;
g)
Description of glazing, if any;
h)
The side of the door exposed to heating;
i)
Test results:
1)
furnace time/pressure chart and temperature curves;
2)
time/temperature results as required by E.6.2.1, E.6.2.2, E.6.2.3 and E.6.2.4; and
3)
times at which various performance criteria were no longer complied with.
j)
Date for establishing the effective black-body temperature of the door and for determining the
distances the unexposed face at which radiation levels exceeded specified limits;
k)
Any other information about the performance of the specimen during the test, including the
ability of the door to be opened after cooling.
The results only relate to the behaviour of the specimen of the element of construction under the
particular conditions of test. They are not intended to be the sole criteria for assessing the potential
fire performance of the element in use nor do they reflect the actual behaviour in fires.
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Table 3 – Temperature rises as a function of time
Time,t
Elevation of temperature, T – T0
Min
o
C
o
5
556
1001
10
659
1186
15
718
1292
30
821
1478
60
925
1665
90
986
1775
120
1029
1852
180
1090
1962
240
1133
2039
360
1193
2147
F
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Figure 11 – Standard time-temperature curve
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Figure 12 – Furnace thermocouple assembly
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Figure 13 – Specimen surface thermocouple junction and insulating pad
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Annex F
Door closer requirements and test methods
F.1
General
F.1.1 The door closer, when installed in accordance with the Manufacturer’s installation
instructions, shall be capable of closing the test door from any angle to which it may be opened.
F.1.2 The selection of door closer shall be according to Table 4.
F.1.3 The door closer shall not include a manual hold-open device.
F.1.4 Control regulators shall either be concealed, or operable only by means of a tool.
F.1.5 The design of a door closer shall be such that it is not possible to inhibit its closing action in
any way, without the use of a tool.
F.1.6 Any incorporated delayed action function shall be capable of adjustment to less than 25 s,
between the door closing angles of 120º and the end of the delay zone.
F.1.7 The door closer shall have been incorporated in a door assembly that has satisfied the
appropriate criteria of a fire test.
F.2
Classification
F.2.1 Door closers shall be classified according to a six digit coding system.
F.2.2 Category of use (first digit)
Generally, two grading shall be used:
a)
Grade 3 - For closing doors from at least 105º open.
b)
Grade 4 - For closing doors from 180º open.
F.2.3 Number of test cycles (second digit)
Only one test duration is identified, i.e. Grade 8 - 500,000 test cycles.
F.2.4 Test door mass (third digit)
Seven test door mass grades and related door closer power sizes are identified according to Table 4.
Where a door closer provides a range of power sizes both the minimum and the maximum sizes shall
be identified.
Example:
The following marking denotes a door closer with a range of power sizes from size 2 to size
5:
3
8
5
2
58
1
1
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F.2.5 Fire behaviour (fourth digit)
Two grades are identified:
a)
Grade 0 - not suitable for use on fire door.
b)
Grade 1 - suitable for use on fire door.
F.2.6 Safety (fifth digit)
All door closers are required to satisfy the Essential Requirement of safety in use. Therefore, only
Grade 1 is identified.
NOTE – Safety in use as defined in CEN CPD Council Directive , refers to the construction work designed and
built in such a way that it does not present unacceptable risks of accidents in service or in operation such as
slipping, falling, collision, burns, electrocution, and injury from explosion.
F.2.7 Corrosion resistance (sixth digit)
Five grades of corrosion resistance are identified:
a)
Grade 0 : No defined corrosion resistance.
b)
Grade 1 : Mild resistance.
c)
Grade 2 : Moderate resistance.
d)
Grade 3 : High resistance.
e)
Grade 4 : Very high resistance.
Table 4 – Requirements for closing and opening moments,
and the door closer efficiency
Door
closer
power
size
Recommended
door leaf width
Test
door
mass
mm max.
kg
1
<750
2
3
4
5
6
7
850
950
1100
1250
1400
1600
Closing moment
between 0º
and 4º
20
Nm
min.
9
Nm
max.
<13
40
60
80
100
120
160
13
18
26
37
54
87
<18
< 26
< 37
< 54
< 87
< 140
between
88º and
92º
Nm min
any other
angle of
opening
Nm min.
Opening
moment
between
0º and
60º
Nm max.
Door
closer
efficiency
between
0º and 4º
% min.
3
2
26
50
4
6
9
12
18
29
3
4
6
8
11
18
36
47
62
83
134
215
50
55
60
65
65
65
NOTE 1 – Where the actual size and mass of door to which the door closer is to be fitted relates to two sizes of
door closers, the larger power size of door closer should be used.
NOTE 2 – The door widths given are for standard installations. In the case of unusually high or heavy doors,
windy or draughty conditions, or special installations, a larger power size of door closer should be used.
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F.3
Requirements
F.3.1 Durability
F.3.1.1 A single action door closer shall be able to close a test door conforming to F.4.2, from an
opening of 90o, for minimum of 500,000 test cycles.
F.3.1.2 A double action door closer shall be able to close a test door conforming to F.4.2 from an
opening of 90o, for a minimum of 250,000 test cycles in each direction.
F.3.1.3 After the initial 100,000 test cycles, the door closer shall be capable of stopping the test door
before the 90º open position when tested in accordance with F.5.2.8.
F.3.2 Closing moment and efficiency
After 5,000 test cycles and after 500,000 test cycles, the measured closing moments and efficiency
shall not be less than the values stated in Table 4, for the particular power size of closer being tested.
F.3.3 Opening moment
After 5,000 test cycles the maximum measured opening moment shall not be more than the values
stated in Table 4, for the particular power size of closer being tested.
F.3.4 Closing time
After 5,000 test cycles and after 500,000 test cycles, the closing time, from a door opening angle of
90º, shall be capable of adjustment to 3 s or less, and 20 s or more. After 500,000 test cycles, the
closing time set at 5,000 test cycles shall not have increased by more than 100 %, or decreased by
more than 30 %.
F.3.5 Angles of operation
The door closer, when installed according to the Manufacturer’s standard installation instructions shall
permit the test door to open according to its grade under F.2.2 and on closing shall control the door
from a minimum angle of 70º down to the closed position.
F.3.6 Overload performance at 5,000 and 500,000 test cycles
The door closer shall be capable of withstanding the closing overload tests of F.5.2.7.4 and F.5.2.9.4
and where relevant F.5.2.7.5.
F.3.7 Fluid leakage
Throughout the test, there shall be no leakage of fluid from the door closer.
F.3.8 Damage
Throughout the test, there shall be no damage to the door closer or its arms that would adversely
affect its performance.
F.3.9 Latch control (optional)
A door closer , if incorporated with a separate control during the final stage of door closing e.g. to
enable accelerated closing to overcome the resistance of a latch bolt, shall be effective over a
maximum range of 15º from the closed position, and shall be adjustable.
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F.3.10 Delayed closing (optional)
F.3.10.1 If provided with a delayed closing function, the door closer shall be capable of adjustment,
by means of a separate regulator, such that the closing time from 90º to the end of the delay zone, at
an ambient temperature of 20 ºC, is not less than 20 s. The delay zone shall not extend below the
65º open position. The moment required to override manually the delay action shall not exceed 150
Nm when tested in accordance with F.5.2.7.5.
F.3.10.2 When tested in accordance with F.5.2.7.5, the delay time at the conclusion of 5,000 cycles
shall be between 10 s and 30 s.
F.3.11 Adjustable closing force (optional)
If provided with an adjustable closing force function, the door closer shall comply with the
performance requirements of F.3, at both the minimum and maximum power settings claimed by the
Manufacturer. The settings shall be tested using different door closer.
F.3.12 Zero position (for double action door closers only)
The amount of free play at the zero position of a new door closer shall not exceed 3 mm, and after
500,000 test cycles shall not exceed 6 mm, when tested in accordance with F.5.2.9.6.
F.3.13 Corrosion resistance
F.3.13.1 The requirements in Annex G for different type of materials used, shall be met, and classify
accordingly (See F.2.7).
F.3.13.2 After being subjected to the relevant salt spray test, the closing moment of the door closer
shall be not less than 80 % of the closing moment measured prior to the test (See F.6).
F.3.13.3 The acceptance conditions defined in G.1.7, shall be met for all surfaces of the door closer
which are visible when the door closer is fitted in service.
F.4
Test apparatus
F.4.1 General
F.4.1.1 Single action door closers
The test apparatus shall consist of a test door mounted in a frame, capable of manual opening to 180º
and with automatic actuating means.
F.4.1.2 Double action door closers
The test apparatus shall consist of a test door mounted in a frame, capable of manual opening to at
least 120º in each direction and with automatic actuating means to enable the required opening angle
in alternate directions.
F.4.1.3 Actuating means
The actuating mechanism shall be adjustable to open the test door smoothly to 90º in one direction, in
a time of between 2 s. and 3 s, and allowing the test door to fully close under the control of the door
closer under test. It shall apply an opening force at a distance of between 500 mm and 700 mm from
the vertical axis of rotation of the door.
The actuating means shall not impede the return of the test door to the fully closed position, under the
action of the door closer being tested.
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F.4.2 Test door
F.4.2.1 The test door shall be 2,000 mm high, and of any width between 750 mm and 1,200 mm
except that, for door closers which do not carry the mass of the door or act as a door pivot, the test
door may be between 400 mm and 2,000 mm high. It shall have means of attaching weights so that
the door mass can be adjusted to suit the power size of door closer under test. The test door and
frame shall be of sufficient rigidity such that no visible distortion takes place during the test sequence.
F.4.2.2 The position of the centre of gravity shall be nominally at the mid-height position of the test
door leaf, and 500 mm from the vertical axis of the hinges or pivots.
F.4.2.3 The test door shall be mounted vertically, on hinges or bearings or, in the case of door
closers that pivot the door, on the unit under test. Supporting hinges or bearings forming a part of the
test apparatus shall be such that the moment to overcome friction shall not exceed the values stated
in Table 4. The moment shall be determined by measuring the maximum force in Newtons required
to slowly (not faster than 1º/s) open and close the test door fully, the force being applied
perpendicular to the door face.
The frictional moment is expressed as the product of the measured force and its distance in metres
from the vertical axis of rotation.
F.4.2.4 Means shall be provided for recording the number of operating cycles of test door.
F.4.3 Force measurement
A force gauge or comparable device, with an accuracy of 1.5 % of reading or better shall be provided
for determining the opening and closing moments.
F.4.4 Closing overload test apparatus
F.4.4.1 The apparatus shall comprise a cable/pulley/mass system as illustrated in Figures 14 and 15.
F.4.4.2 The overload test weight shall be in accordance to Table 5.
Table 5 – Overload test weight and test door friction
Door closer
power size
Test door mass
(kg)
Overload test weight
(kg)
Test door friction
Nm max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
NOTE – Door closers under size 1 and 2 are NOT considered suitable for use on fire doors.
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F.4.4.3 The cable shall be of steel, having a diameter of between 4 mm and 6 mm, and shall be
attached as shown in Figures 14 and 15. The pulleys shall have a minimum diameter of 150 mm and
shall be fitted with free-spinning ball or needle roller bearings
F.4.4.4 The angle between the cable and the face of the test door when it is opened at 90º ± 5º shall
be 30º ± 5º, and when the door is in the closed position, shall be 90º ± 5º.
F.4.4.5 Means shall be provided by which the test door can be suddenly released from an open
position of 90º.
F.4.4.6 Means shall be provided for stopping the falling weights, when the test door reaches 15º from
the closed position, in such a manner that further closing of the test door is not impeded by the weight
or the pulling cable.
F.4.4.7 An energy absorbing stopper may be fitted to the test apparatus at 5º open position to stop
the test door at the closed position.
F.5
Test methods
F.5.1 Sampling
F.5.1.1 Three different samples shall be used for testing (Refer to Figure 16):
a)
Test sample A for general requirements;
b)
Test sample B for mechanical performance and durability; and
c)
Test sample C for corrosion resistance.
F.5.1.2 For door closers incorporating an adjustable closing force facility, samples A and B shall each
consist of two units, one adjusted to the minimum, and the other adjusted to the maximum power size
claimed by the manufacturer. Sample C shall be adjusted to its minimum power size.
In each case, the door closer shall be adjusted so that its minimum closing moment between 0º and
4º are as near as possible to the values specified in Table 4.
F.5.2 Durability test
F.5.2.1 Apply weights to the test door so that its total mass and centre of gravity are in accordance
with Table 4 and F.4.2.2, for the particular power size of closer being tested.
F.5.2.2 Mount the door closer on the test apparatus according to the manufacturer’s standard
installation instructions.
F.5.2.3 Open the test door to the maximum angle permitted by the closer under test and verify that
the door closer complies with F.3.5.
F.5.2.4 Adjust the door closer regulator (s) such that the test door closes smoothly from 90º to fully
closed within a time of between 3 s to 7 s. If the closer has an additional regulator for the latch
control, adjust this to provide a smooth transition from closing to latching speed and to provide a
positive but not slamming action. Backcheck or delayed action closers shall have that feature set to
its minimum effect or rendered inoperable.
F.5.2.5 Adjust the actuating mechanism according to F.4.1.3. Ensure that the test door has returned
fully to the closed position before initiating the next opening operation.
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F.5.2.6 Continue cycling for a total of 5,000 test cycles. In the case of double action door closers,
continue alternate cycling in each direction for a total of 5,000 test cycles.
F.5.2.7 Tests at 5,000 test cycles
F.5.2.7.1 Calculation of opening/closing moments
Record the ambient temperature. Allow the door closer to cool to within 2 ºC of ambient temperature.
Adjust the closing time regulator(s) to a fully open position and measure both the opening and closing
forces of the door closer. The forces are measured by slowly (not faster than 1º/s) opening and
closing the test door using the force gauge positioned perpendicular to the door face when the door is
in an open position from 0º to 4º and from 88º to 92º. In each case the maximum value is to be noted.
Take the average of three readings.
Use the same method to open the door to a 60º opening. Note the maximum opening force obtained
during this procedure. Take the average of three readings.
Allow the door to close from its maximum opening angle permitted by the closer under test to 2º and
note the minimum closing force obtained during its travel. Take the average of three readings. In the
case of double action door closers this procedure shall be carried out in each direction.
Calculate the opening and closing moments in each case as the product of these average gauge
readings and the distance of the force gauge in metres from the vertical axis of the hinges or pivots.
Verify that the values of the opening/closing moments are in accordance with Table 4 for the
particular power size of the closer being tested.
F.5.2.7.2 Efficiency
Calculate the door closer efficiency as a percentage as follows:
Efficiency =
CF
× 100
OF
Where CF = Average of maximum closing force between 0o and 4o
OF = Average of maximum opening force between 0o and 4o
Verify that the value of the efficiency is in accordance with the values stated in Table 4 for the
particular power size of door closer being tested.
F.5.2.7.3 Closing time
Adjust the closing time regulator(s) as necessary and verify that the closing time from 90º is capable
of adjustment to 3 s or less and 20 s or more according to F.3.4.
F.5.2.7.4 Closing overload test
Adjust the closing time from 90º open to 10 s. Hold the test door open at 90º with the cable and
weights attached, according to F.4.4, Figure 14 and 15, and then release the door, allowing the
weights to fall. This test shall be carried out 10 times.
NOTE – The falling mass is stopped when the door is 15º open, the door continuing to close under its own
momentum until it is stopped by the energy absorbing stop at 5º or the frame at 0º, or in the case of double
action closers, until it stops of its own accord.
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F.5.2.7.5 For delayed closing door closers only
Adjust the door closer to the maximum delay time and open the test door to 90º. With a force gauge
positioned perpendicular to the door face, measure the force and calculate the moment required to
move the test door out of the delay zone in a time of between 2 s and 5 s.
The closer shall be rejected if the required moment is greater than 150 N m or less than twice the 90º
closing moment stated in Table 4 for the particular power size of closer being tested.
Restabilise the door closer to a temperature of 20 ºC, and open the test door to 95º. Verify that the
closing time from 90º to the end of the delay zone can be adjusted to at least 20 s in accordance with
F.3.10.
Adjust the test door actuating mechanism to open the test door smoothly to 95º in a time of between 2
s and 4 s, allowing the test door to close under the control of the door closer under test. Adjust the
door closer to a delay time of 20 s from 90º to the end of the delay zone. Ensure that the test door
returns fully to the closed position, and after a waiting period of 270 s start the next opening
operation. Continue cycling to a total of 500 test cycles.
During the last 5 cycles of the test, measure the delay time from 90º to the end of the delay zone and
verify that each measurement is between 10 s and 30 s.
F.5.2.8 Continuation of cycling tests
F.5.2.8.1 All door closers except those incorporating backcheck function
Reset the closing time regulator(s) in accordance with F.5.2.4 and record the time. The regulator(s)
shall remain unaltered until completion of F.5.2.9.1. Resume the cycling test to a total of 500,000 test
cycles.
F.5.2.8.2 For door closers incorporating backcheck function
Reset the closing time regulator(s) in accordance to F.5.2.4, except that the backcheck function is
tested by setting up the actuating means of the test apparatus in such a way that it can accelerate the
door to an opening angle of 50º at such a rate that it will:
a)
achieve an opening angle of 110º without backcheck effect in operation (for door closers with
adjustable backcheck); or
b)
have an angular velocity of 1 rad/s ± 10 % at an opening angle of 60º (for door closers with
fixed backcheck and for door closers with an opening angle of less than 110º). (NOTE - 1 rad
=180º / π )
F.5.2.8.3 For door closers incorporating an adjustable backcheck function
With the same setting of the test apparatus as obtained in F.5.2.8.2, adjust the backcheck action to
arrest the test door at the 80º open position and continue the cycling test for a total of 100,000 test
cycles.
Allow the door closer body surface to cool to within 2 ºC of the original ambient temperature recorded
in F.5.2.7.1 and verify that the test door is arrested before the 90º open position. The adjustable
backcheck shall not be readjusted prior to this test.
Upon completion remove the backcheck action and reset the test apparatus in accordance with F.4.1.
Continue cycling for a further 400,000 test cycles.
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F.5.2.8.4 For door closers incorporating a fixed backcheck function
With the same setting of the of the test apparatus as obtained in F.5.2.8.2, the test door shall be
arrested by the backcheck at the 90º open position or less. Continue the cycling test for a total of
100,000 test cycles.
Allow the door closer body surface to cool to within 2 ºC of the original ambient temperature recorded
in F.5.2.7.1 and verify that the test door is arrested before the 90º open position.
Continue cycling for a further 400,000 test cycles with the test apparatus set to open the test door to
an opening angle of between 70º and 75º.
F.5.2.9 Tests at 500,000 test cycles
F.5.2.9.1 Closing time
Allow the door closer body surface to cool to within 2 ºC of the original ambient temperature recorded
in F.5.2.7.1 and measure the time taken for the test door to close from 90º to the fully closed position.
The door closer shall be rejected if this time is more than 2 times or less than 0.7 times the original
value set in F.5.2.8.
F.5.2.9.2 Calculation of closing moments and efficiency
Repeat the tests of closing moments and efficiency specified in F.5.2.7.1 and F.5.2.7.2. Verify that
the values of minimum closing moments and efficiency are not less than the values stated in Table 4.
Door closers with adjustable closing force are considered acceptable if, after adjustment, they can
achieve at least the values stated in Table 4.
F.5.2.9.3 Closing time
Adjust the door closer regulator(s) to give the minimum closing speed and verify that the closing time
from 90º open to fully closed is not less than 20 s.
F.5.2.9.4 Closing overload tests
Carry out a further ten closing overload tests according to F.5.2.7.4.
F.5.2.9.5 For delayed closing door closers only
Restabilise the door closer to a temperature of 20 ºC, and open the test door to 95º. Verify that the
closing time from 90º to the end of the delay zone can be adjusted to at least 20 s in accordance with
F.3.10.
F.5.2.9.6 For double action door closer only
Remove the door closer from the test door and carry out the following test.
Allow the closer to stabilise to ambient temperature and attach an indicator strap to the door closer
spindle carrying a pointer 300 mm long measured from its tip to the spindle centre.
Apply a moment of 5 Nm to the spindle in each direction and measure the deflection of the pointer
from the zero position.
The closer shall be rejected if the total measured free play exceeds 6 mm.
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F.6
Corrosion resistance
The tests shall be conducted according to F.6.1 to F.6.4.
F.6.1 General
F.6.1.1 Apply weights to the test door so that its total mass and centre of gravity are in accordance
with Table 4 and F.4.2.2, for the particular power size of closer being tested.
F.6.1.2 Mount the door closer on the test apparatus according to the manufacturer’s standard
installation instructions.
F.6.2 Calculation of closing moments
F.6.2.1 Adjust the closing time regulator(s) to a fully open position, open the door to at least 95º, and
measure the closing forces of the door closer. The forces are measured by slowly (not faster
than1º/s) allowing the door to close using the force gauge positioned perpendicular to the door face
when the door is in an open position from 92º to 88º and from 4º to 0º. In each case the maximum
value is noted. Take the average of three readings.
F.6.2.2 Allow the door to close from its maximum opening angle permitted by the closer under test
and note the minimum closing force obtained during its travel. Take the average of three readings.
F.6.2.3 Calculate the closing moments in each case as the product of these average gauge readings
and the distance of the force gauge in metres from the vertical axis of the hinges or pivots.
F.6.3 Salt spray test
Remove the door closer from the test apparatus and carry out a salt spray test according to G.1.6, for
the grade of corrosion resistance claimed.
F.6.4 Verification of closing moments
After completion of the salt spray test and within a maximum time of 24 h, reinstall the door closer on
the test apparatus and repeat the procedure described in F.6.2. Verify that the door closer meets the
requirements.
F.6.5 Tolerance
Throughout this test method the following tolerances shall apply, unless otherwise stated:
a)
mass in kg:
± 2 %;
b)
length in mm:
± 2 %;
c)
angular position:
± 2º;
d)
force in N:
± 2 %;
e)
time in s:
± 5 %;
f)
temperature in ºC:
± 2 ºC; and
g)
moment in Nm:
± 2 %.
The ambient temperature of the test environment shall be controlled throughout the tests to between
15 ºC to 30 ºC.
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Figure 14 – Typical general arrangement of overload test apparatus
Figure 15 – Plan view on arrangement of overload test apparatus
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Requirements
Start
Choose 2 of each of sample A and B
Set to min. and max. power size
Yes
Adjustable
force closer ?
F.5.1
F.3.1.2
No
SAMPLE(S) A
SAMPLE(S) B
SAMPLE C
(General requirements)
(Mechanical performance and
Corrosion resistance
durability)
Test apparatus adjustment
(5,000cycles)
F.5.2.1.3
F.5.2.5.6
F.3.2, F.3.5
Opening/closing moments
Efficiency
Closing time
Closing overload(10x)
F.5.2.7.1
F.5.2.7.2
F.5.2.7.3
F.5.2.7.4
F.3.2, F.3.3
F.3.2
F.3.4
F.3.6
Yes
General requirements F.1
Delayed
action closer ?
No
Yes
Backcheck
closer ?
No
Annex D
Closing moment
(<150Nm)
F.5.2.7.5
Closing time (>20s)
Durability of delayed closing
(>10 s < 30 s)
Durability
F.5.2.8.1-7
Open with backcheck
(100 000cycles)
Open without backcheck
(400 000cycles)
Durability (500,000 cycles)
Closing moment (100 %) F.6.2
Closing moment (>80%) F.6.2
Salt spray test
Closing time
Closing moments
Efficiency
Maximum closing time
Closing overload (10x)
F.6.3
F.5.2.9.1
F.5.2.9.2
F.5.2.9.2
F.5.2.9.3
F.5.2.9.4
Yes
Delayed action closer ?
F.3.11
F.3.1.3
F.3.1
F.3.13
F.3.13.1
F.3.13..2
F.3.4
F.3.2, F.3.3
F.3.2
F.3.4
F.5.3.6
Closing time
(>20s) F.5.2.9.5
F.3.10
Zero position
Free play (<6mm)
F.3.12
No
Yes
Double
action closer ?
No
F.5.2.9.6
F.3.12
Finish
Figure 16 – Flow chart of test procedure
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Annex G
Corrosion resistance
G.1
Requirements
G.1.1 General requirements
The requirements of one of the grades (classes) within G.1.2 to G.1.7 shall be met on the significant
surfaces of all hardware.
The following requirements shall not apply to Grade (Class) 0 finishes for which no defined corrosion
resistance is relevant.
G.1.2 Electrodeposited nickel plus chromium
If coated with electrodeposited nickel plus chromium or with copper plus nickel plus chromium the
requirements of the appropriate service condition number of ISO 1456 shall be met as follows:
a)
Grade (Class) 1 : ISO 1456 service condition number 1 (mild)
b)
Grade (Class) 2 : ISO 1456 service condition number 2 (moderate)
c)
Grade (Class) 3 : ISO 1456 service condition number 3 (severe)
d)
Grade (Class) 4 : ISO 1456 service condition number 4 (exceptionally severe)
G.1.3 Electrodeposited nickel
If coated with electrodeposited nickel the requirements of the appropriate service condition number of
ISO 1458 as follows:
a)
Grade (Class) 1 : ISO 1458 service condition number 1 (mild)
b)
Grade (Class) 2 : ISO 1458 service condition number 2 (moderate)
c)
Grade (Class) 3 : ISO 1458 service condition number 3 (severe)
c)
Grade (Class) 4 : Not applicable - no such grade in ISO 1458
NOTE – Some people are susceptible to an allergic reaction if in prolonged contact with uncoated nickel plate.
This possibility may be avoided by coating nickel plate with a suitable clear lacquer.
G.1.4 Electrodeposited zinc on iron or steel
If coated with electroplated zinc on iron or steel, the requirements of the appropriate classification
code of ISO 2081 plus a chromate conversion coating meeting the requirements of the class of ISO
4520 specified to match that classification, as follows:
a)
Grade (Class) 1 : ISO 2081 classification code Fe/Zn5 + ISO 4520 class 1A, 1B, 2C or 2D
b)
Grade (Class) 2 : ISO 2081 classification code Fe/Zn8 + ISO 4520 class 1A, 1B, 2C or 2D
c)
Grade (Class) 3 : ISO 2081 classification code Fe/Zn12 + ISO 4520 class 2C or 2D
c)
Grade (Class) 4 : As specified for Grade (Class) 3 with the additional requirement that the
minimum local thickness of zinc shall be 16 µm
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G.1.5 Anodised oxide coating on aluminium
If coated with an anodised oxide coating on aluminium, the requirements of the appropriate class of
ISO 7599 shall be met as follows:
a)
Grade (Class) 1 : ISO 7599 class AA 5
b)
Grade (Class) 2 : ISO 7599 class AA 10
c)
Grade (Class) 3 : ISO 7599 class AA 10
d)
Grade (Class) 4 : ISO 7599 class AA 15
NOTE – Aluminium foundry alloys that contain a high proportion of alloying elements such as copper, zinc or
silicon are subject to anodising problems when anodised to film thicknesses greater than 8 µm (notably darkening
of or striations in the anodic film). However, film thicknesses in range of 5 µm to 10 µm may be suitable for
service in Grade (Class) 2 or Grade (Class) 3 situations when frequent cleaning of the anodised surface can be
guaranteed, when the fitting can easily be replaced, or when some deterioration of the surface finish can be
accepted.
Otherwise, such foundry alloys which have been anodised to a film thickness less than 10 µm should
not be specified for fittings intended for service in situations other than Grade (Class) 1.
G.1.6 Neutral salt spray
If uncoated or protected with a surface coating not specified in G.1.2 to G.1.5 the article shall be
exposed to a neutral salt spray (NSS) test in accordance with ISO 9227 for the duration specified
below:
+1
a)
Grade (Class) 1 : 24 h 0 h
b)
Grade (Class) 2 : 48 h 0 h
c)
Grade (Class) 3 : 96 h 0 h
d)
Grade (Class) 4 : 240 h 0 h
+1
+4
+4
G.1.7 Acceptance conditions
Coated finishes shall withstand exposure for the time specified without corrosion of the base metal
substrate visible to unaided normal or corrected vision excepting one spot per 650 mm2 of significant
surface and without any spots larger than 1.5 mm in any direction.
The degree of blistering of organic coatings shall be not worse than density 2 and the size of any
blisters shall not exceed size 3 as designated in ISO 4628-2.
Uncoated metals shall show no sign of tarnish, visible to unaided normal or corrected vision as
blackening or discoloration of the surface.
NOTE 1 – Corrosion of the base metal substrate should not be confused with surface staining of its finish. In the
case of steel substrates corrosion is rust of a reddish brown appearance. Corrosion of aluminium or zinc alloy
substrates is white and corrosion of brass or bronze substrates is green.
After any corrosion test required by the relevant clause references the product shall be capable of functioning
normally.
NOTE 2 – For hardware which is assembled from dissimilar materials electrochemical (galvanic) corrosion may
occur. The neutral salt spray test specified in G.1.6 is recommended as a useful method for checking such
assemblies. If corrosion which affects the functionability or appearance is apparent at the end of the appropriate
period of neutral salt spray testing, steps should be taken to eliminate the contacts between dissimilar materials.
The absence of any such corrosion is usually an indication of satisfactory corrosion resistance in service.
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G.2
Test conditions
The test methods necessary to ensure compliance with Clause G.1 shall be those specified in the
relevant ISO standards invoked in that clause, except that:
a)
Any corrosion tests required shall be carried out on products assembled as normally
supplied.
b)
When the specimen under test is a product which does not have a substantially flat surface
which can be oriented as specified in ISO 9227, then the product shall be oriented in the test
cabinet in its normal attitude in use. Within this restriction the product shall be placed so as to
minimise the disruption of flow of the atmosphere within the test cabinet.
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Annex H
An example of log book details
Routine Maintenance Record
Date
Nos.
of
doors
Location/
storey
Work done/ minor
defects reported
Report
by
Repair
by
Date
of
minor
repair
12.5.05
10
Storey 1
Inspected all doors
with defective ones
reported as follow:
OKE
-
-
Staircase 1
Hinge damaged
OKE
LBL
14.5.0
5
Replaced
hinge
Plant room
Lockset faulty
OKE
LBL
14.5.0
5
Changed
cylinder
Remarks
-
26.5.05
1
Sty 2/Stc 2
Pivot arm of door
closer broken.
Tenant
LBL
27.5.0
5
Replaced
door closer
12.6.05
10
Storey 5
Inspected all doors
with defective ones
reported as follows:
OKE
-
-
-
Staircase 3
Vision panel’s glass
pane cracked.
OKE
ABC
Co.
20.6.0
5
Door
supplier
replaced
glass pane.
Corridor
near #0812
Lockset jammed and
door locked
Tenant
#08-12
Teo
Lock
smith
5.7.05
Unlock and
repaired
1.7.05
1
NOTE 1 – All minor repair works done shall be recorded.
NOTE 2 – No alteration or addition works are allowed on any fire door, unless approve by Regulatory
Authority.
NOTE 3 – Other information such as fire-rating, inspected label number can be included in
appropriate column.
NOTE 4 – Damaged fire doors shall be replaced with approval from Regulatory Authority.
NOTE 5 – The visual inspection of fire door is preferably done on a monthly basis.
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Annex I
Example of fire door certificate and schedule
of evidence of compliance
FIRE DOOR CERTIFICATE
Certificate Number 12345
Project Name
__________________________________________________________________________
Building Plan No. __________________________________________________________________
We, an approved company listed under the Product Listing Scheme, herein certify the fire doorsets
identified on the attached Schedule of Evidence of Compliance have been inspected and labelled in
accordance with Singapore Standard SS 332 : 2007 in respect to Clause 9.0, and comply in respect
to supply, labelling and installation in accordance with the aforesaid Standard.
Name of Manufacturer _____________________________________________________________
Authorised Signature
_____________________________________________________________
Date
_____________________________________________________________
74
When completed , this schedule is to be attached to and become part of the FIRE DOOR CERTIFICATE, which it supports. The fire doorsets identified in this schedule
comply with SS 332 : 2007 in respect to the supply, labeling and installation of the doorsets.
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Annex K
Door coordinator devices :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1158
K.1
General
K.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1158, it provides the requirements and test methods for
door coordinator devices for double leaf swing doors fitted with door closers or door closers which
contain door coordinator devices installed on double leaf swing doors.
K.1.2 The door coordinator devices shall meet the additional requirements as described in Annex A
of EN 1158. The door coordinator device shall be installed in a full sized door assembly, which meet
the fire resistance test requirements of EN 1634-1 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed
by a recognised testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the
complete door assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test. Door
closers that contain door coordinator devices shall by itself conform to the requirements of EN 1154
or Annex F of this standard.
As amended
Aug 2009
K.2
Requirements
K.2.1 Requirements for door coordinator devices are as stated in Clause 5 of EN 1158.
K.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 6 and 7 of EN 1158 respectively.
K.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in K.3.
K.3
Classification
K.3.1 Door coordinator devices are classified according to a six digit coding system.
K.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1158, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
K.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
K.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 50,000 test cycles (Grade 5).
K.3.5 The test door mass (third digit in the classification) shall cover 5 door mass grades with door
coordinator varying from size 3 to 7.
K.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
K.4
Typical example
K.4.1 A typical example of door coordinator device is shown in Figure 17:
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Figure 17 – Illustration of a swing arm door coordinator
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Annex L
Door bolts :
Requirements and test methods – EN 12051
L.1
General
L.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 12051, it provides the requirements and test methods for
single point bolts for securing or increasing the security of doors in buildings. Spring engaging bolts,
and bolts with locking facility are included; if they are device for securing, or helping to secure, a door
in the closed position, comprising a suitably guided moving member, operable from the protected side
only by hand or foot, either directly using a knob or slide, or indirectly using a lever/handle or rack and
pinion mechanism.
L.1.2 In this standard, door bolts are only allowed to be installed on the inactive/passive door leaf of
a double leaf doorset.
L.1.3 The door bolt devices shall meet the additional requirements as described in Annex B of EN
12051. The bolt shall be installed in a full sized door assembly, which meet the fire resistance test
requirements of EN 1634-1 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a recognised
testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the complete door
assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test. The selection of
the bolts for different construction of fire doors shall be as described in Annex D of EN 12051.
As amended
Aug 2009
L.1.4 Door bolts include manual and automatic flush bolts.
As amended
Aug 2009
L.2
Requirements
L.2.1 Requirements for door bolts are as stated in Clause 4 of EN 12051.
L.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clause 5 of EN 12051.
L.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in L.3.
L.3
Classification
L.3.1 Door bolts are classified according to a seven digit coding system.
L.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 12051, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
L.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
As amended
Aug 2009
L.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 10,000 test cycles (Grade 3)
except for automatic door bolt which shall be 50,000 test cycles (Grade 4).
L.3.5 There shall be no requirement for door mass (third digit in the classification).
L.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
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L.4
Typical example
L.4.1
A typical example of door bolt is shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18 – Illustration of a single point bolt
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Annex M
Building hardware – Lever handles and knob furniture :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1906
M.1
General
M.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1906, it provides the requirements and test methods for
spindle and fastening elements, operating torques, permissible free play and safety, free angular
movement and misalignment, durability, static strength and corrosion resistance for sprung and
unsprung lever handles, knobs for doors, push pads and similar in combination with backplates or
roses operating latches.
M.1.2 This European Standard is applicable only to lever handles and knobs and other devices that
operate a latch or a lock. This standard may be applied to lever handle and knob furniture used for
exit doors which are used on escape routes in residential and small office applications.
M.1.3 The lever handles and knob furniture shall have been subjected to a successful fire test from
both sides, according to EN 1634-1, or EN 1634-2, and EN 1634-3, or fulfils the requirements of table
C.1 in EN 1906, Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a recognised testing laboratory,
to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the complete door assembly. It is not
necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test.
As amended
Aug 2009
M.2
Requirements
M.2.1 Requirements for the lever handles and knob furniture are as stated in Clause 5 of EN 1906.
M.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 6 and 7 of EN 1906 respectively.
M.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in M.3.
M.3
Classification
M.3.1 Lever handles and knob furniture are classified according to an eight digits coding system.
M.3.2 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
M.3.3 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be Grade 7, 200 000 test cycles.
M.3.4 There is no requirement on door mass (third digit in the classification)
M.3.5 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be in accordance to table of
C.1 of EN 1906, suitable for use on fire doors.
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M.4
Typical examples
M.4.1 Some typical examples of lever handles and knob furniture are shown in Figure 19.
(i) Lever handle on rose
(ii) Knob on rose
(iii) Lever handles and knobs on plates
Figure 19 – Illustrations of lever handles and knob furniture
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Annex N
Mechanical locks and latches :
Requirements and test methods – EN 12209
N.1
General
N.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 12209, it provides the requirements and test methods for
mechanical locks and latches for durability, strength, and function of mechanically operated locks and
latches and their locking plates for use in doors, window doors and entrance doors in buildings.
N.1.2 The mechanical locks and latches shall meet the additional requirements as described in
Annex A of EN 12209. The mechanical locks and latches shall have been subjected to a successful
fire test from both sides, according to EN 1634-1 or EN 1634-2 or Annex E of this standard, or
otherwise assessed by a recognised testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire
resistance of the complete door assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after
such a fire test. Where there is a latching function, it shall conform to 5.1.2 of EN 12209, and there
shall be no means of inhibiting the latching function, other than by a key controlled deadbolt.
As amended
Aug 2009
N.2
Requirements
N.2.1 Requirements for the mechanical locks and latches are as stated in Clause 5 of EN 12209.
The test shall only be conducted on the latch bolt.
N.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clause 6 of EN 12209.
N.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in N.3.
N.3
Classification
N.3.1 Mechanical locks and latches are classified according to an eleven digit coding system.
N.3.2 The specifications of each digit are according to EN 12209, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
N.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3: For use by the public
where there is little incentive to exercise care and where there is a high chance of misuse, e.g. public
doors.
N.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 100, 000 test cycles; 25 N load
on latchbolt (Grade L).
N.3.5 There shall be no requirement for door mass (third digit in the classification).
N.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
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N.4
Typical examples
N.4.1 Some typical examples of mechanical locks and latches are as shown Figure 20:
Mortice Lock
Narrow Stile Lock
Rim Lock
Nightlatch
Figure 20 – Illustrations of mechanical locks and latches
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Annex O
Emergency exit devices :
Requirements and test methods – EN 179
O.1
General
O.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 179, it provides the requirements and test methods for
emergency devices mechanically operated by either a lever handle or a push pad.
O.1.2 Emergency exit devices are not applicable in situation where panic situation is likely to
arise; For example places of mass assembly, Panic Exit Device with horizontal bar or rod across face
of door shall be used and reference should be made to EN 1125.
O.1.3 The referred standard EN 179 does not cover specific devices intended for use by severely
disabled. Due to the wide ranges of disabilities, such devices and their performance should be agreed
between specifier and manufacturer.
O.1.4 Two categories of emergency exit devices (see Figures 21 and 22) are permissible:
a)
Type A – Emergency exit devices with lever handle operation.
Figure 21 – Illustration of a Type A emergency exit device
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b)
Type B – Emergency exit devices with push pad operation.
Figure 22 – Illustration of a Type B emergency exit device
O.1.5 To maximise the width of the escape route and the limitation on projection, W as shown in
Figures 21 and 22 is of high importance.
O.1.6 To provide ease of use, the hinged or pivoted door shall not exceed 200 kg in mass, 2,500 mm
in height and 1,300 mm in width. For hinged door, the selection of the door closer shall be in
accordance with Table 4.
As amended
Aug 2009
O.1.7 The Emergency exit devices shall have been subjected to a successful fire test from both
sides, according to EN 1634-1 or EN 1634-2 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a
recognised testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the complete
door assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test.
O.2
As amended
Aug 2009
Requirements
O.2.1 Requirements on design of emergency exit devices are as stated in 4.1 of EN 179.
O.2.2 Requirements on performance of emergency exit devices are as stated in 4.2 of EN 179.
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O.2.3 For pressurised door, 4.2.1 of EN 179 shall be superseded by the Code of practice for fire
precautions in buildings 7.2.2 (c) where the force required to open any door against the combined
resistance of the pressurising air and the automatic door-closing mechanism shall not exceed 110 N
at the door handle.
O.2.4 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 5 and 6 of EN 179 respectively.
O.2.5 Classification shall be at least as stated in O.3.
O.3
Classification
O.3.1 Emergency exit devices are classified according to a nine digits/characters coding system.
O.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 179, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
O.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
As amended
Aug 2009
O.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 100,000 test cycles (Grade 6).
O.3.5 The door mass shall be of any grades (third digit in the classification).
O.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
As amended
Aug 2009
O.3.7 The safety grade (fifth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
O.3.8 The Projection of emergency exit device (eighth digit in the classification) shall be evaluated
to allow specifier to determine its impact on door width clearance.
O.3.9 The Type of operation for emergency exit device (ninth character in the classification) shall be
evaluated to aid specifier in selection of device.
O.4
Typical examples
O.4.1 Some typical examples of emergency exit devices are shown in Figure 23.
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(i) Mortise type
(ii) Rim type modular
(iv) Rim 2 points
(iii) Rim type single point
(v) Rim type 3 points
(vi) External trims for panic exit devices
Figure 23 – Illustrations of emergency exit devices
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Annex P
Panic exit devices :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1125
P.1
General
P.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1125, it provides the requirements and test methods for
panic devices mechanically operated by either a horizontal push bar or horizontal touch bar
specifically designed for panic situation, as illustrated in Figure 24.
Figure 24 – A panic situation
P.1.2 The referred standard EN 1125 does not cover specific devices intended for use by severely
disabled. Due to the wide ranges of disabilities, such devices and their performance should be agreed
between specifier and manufacturer.
P.1.3 Two Categories of Panic Exit Devices are permissible:
a)
Type A – Panic exit devices with push bar operation (Figures 25 and 27).
b)
Type B – Panic exit devices with touch bar operation (Figures 26 and 27).
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Figure 25 – Type A panic exit device
Figure 26 – Type B panic exit device
Figure 27 – Types A and B panic exit devices
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P.1.5 To maximise the width of the escape route and the limitation on projection, W as shown in
Figure 28 is of high importance.
Figure 28 – Overall projection of panic exit device from door face
As amended
Aug 2009
P.1.6 For ease of use, the hinged or pivoted door shall not exceed 200 kg in mass, 2,500 mm in
height and 1,300 mm in width.
accordance with Table 4.
For hinged door, the selection of the door closer shall be in
P.1.7 The panic exit devices shall have been subjected to a successful fire test from both sides,
according to EN 1634-1 or EN 1634-2 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a
recognised testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the complete
door assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test.
As amended
Aug 2009
P.2
Requirements
P.2.1
Requirements on design of panic exit devices are as stated in 4.1 of EN 1125.
P.2.2
Requirements on performance of panic exit devices are as stated in 4.2 of EN 1125.
P.2.3 For pressurised door, 4.2.1 of EN 1125 shall be superseded by the Code of practice for fire
precautions in buildings 7.2.2 (c) where the force required to open any door against the combined
resistance of the pressurising air and the automatic door-closing mechanism shall not exceed 110 N
at the door handle.
P.2.4
The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 5 and 6 of EN 1125 respectively.
P.2.5 Classification shall be at least as stated in P.3.
P.3
As amended
Aug 2009
Classification
P.3.1 Panic exit devices are classified according to a ten-digit/character coding system.
P.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1125, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
P.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
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P.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 100,000 test cycles (Grade 6).
As amended
Aug 2009
P.3.5 The door mass shall be of any grades (third digit in the classification).
P.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
P.3.7 The safety grade (fifth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
P.3.8 The projection of panic exit device (eighth digit in the classification) shall be evaluated to
notify its impact on door width clearance.
P.4
Typical examples
P.4.1 Some typical examples of panic exit devices are shown in Figure 29.
(i) Mortise type
(ii) Mortise type with 2 vertical latches
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(iii) Rim type single point
(iv) Rim 2 points
(v) Rim type 3 points
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(vi) Concealed vertical rod
(vii) External trims for panic exit devices
Figure 29 – Illustrations of panic exit devices
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Annex Q
Single axis hinges :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1935
Q.1
General
Q.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1935, it provides the requirements and test methods for
single-axis hinges, of lift-off or fixed pin type, for use on doors. It includes tests for static loads, shear
strength and allowable wear during durability cycling for the following hinges:
a)
mounted on the edge of the door leaf and opening in one direction only; and
b)
whose axis of rotation is within 30 mm of an edge of the movable element for a door leaf
mass of up to 160 kg.
Q.1.2 Although the fastenings used to fix hinges to door assemblies are not covered by this
standard, if the type of fastening to be used is supplied or specified by the manufacturer, such
fastenings are used for the tests.
Q.1.3 Single axis hinges shall meet the additional requirements as described in Annex B of EN
1935. The hinges shall be installed in a full sized door assembly, which meet the fire resistance test
requirements of EN 1634-1 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a recognised
testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on the fire resistance of the complete door
assembly. It is not necessary for the product to be operable after such a fire test.
As amended
Aug 2009
Q.2
Requirements
Q.2.1 Requirements for single axis hinges are as stated in Clause 5 of EN 1935.
Q.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 6 and 7 of EN 1935 respectively.
Q.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in Q.3.
Q.3
Classification
Q.3.1 Single axis hinges are classified according to eight digits coding system.
Q.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1935, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
Q.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be any of the four grades identified in
Annex A of EN 1935.
As amended
Aug 2009
Q.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 200,000 test cycles (Grade 7).
Q.3.5 The test door mass (third digit in the classification) shall be 60 kg (Grade 3)
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Q.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1 with additional
requirements as specified in Annex B of EN 1935.
Q.3.7 The safety grade (fifth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
Q.4
Typical examples
Q.4.1 Some typical examples of single axis hinges are shown in Figure 30.
Figure 30 – Illustrations of single axis hinges
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Annex R
Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1155
R.1
General
R.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1155, it provides the requirements and test methods for
separate hold-open devices and also for hold-open mechanisms incorporated in a door closer.
R.1.2 Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors manufactured according to this
European Standard can hold a swing door at a fixed position. Interruption of the electrical supply to
the hold-open devices will cause the door to close positively under the control of the door-closing
device. Door closers shall conform to the requirements of EN 1154.
R.1.3 This referred standard EN 1155 does not cover the electrical supply or control unit, smoke or
fire detection elements and other external interfaces that may be used in combination with these
electrically powered hold-open devices to form an electrically controlled hold-open system.
As amended
Aug 2009
R.2
Requirements
R.2.1 Requirements on design of electrically powered hold-open devices are as stated in 5.1 of EN
1155.
R.2.2 Requirements on performance of electrically powered hold-open devices are as stated in 5.2
of EN 1155.
R.2.3 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clauses 6 and 7 of EN 1155 respectively.
R.2.4 Classification shall be at least as stated in R.3.
R.3
Classification
R.3.1 Electrically powered hold-open devices are classified according to a six-digit coding system.
R.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1155 except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
R.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 3.
R.3.4 Two test durations are identified (second digit in the classification):
a)
Grade 5 : 50,000 test cycles. For all electrically powered separate hold-open devices. Refer
to Figure 31(a).
b)
Grade 8 : 500,000 test cycles. For all electrically powered hold-open and free-swing door
closers and devices that contain operating arms. Refer to Figure 31 (b) and (c).
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R.3.5 Test door mass – 5 door mass grades and related hold-open power sizes (third digit in the
classification) are identified according to Table 1 of EN 1155 as shown below:
Hold-open
power size
3
4
5
6
7
Recommended
door leaf width
(mm)
max.
950
1100
1250
1400
1600
Test door
mass
(kg)
Overload test
drop weight
(kg)
Test door friction
(N-m)
max.
60
80
100
120
160
15
18
21
27
36
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
R.3.6 The fire resistance grade - suitability for use on fire/smoke compartmentation doors (fourth
digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
R.3.7 The safety grade (fifth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
R.4
Typical examples
R.4.1 Some typical examples of separate hold-open devices and hold-open mechanisms
incorporated in a door closer are shown in Figure 31.
(a) Electromagnetic door holders - either
floor or wall mounted they will hold the door
in the open position. Under fire alarm
conditions the device is deactivated and the
door will close automatically under the
action of a conventional overhead door
closer or floor spring.
(b) Electromagnetic door closers Figure
2:
Electromagnetic Doorcontrolled
Closers are
electromagnetically
are
electromagnetically
controlled
overhead
overhead door closers, fitted to the
door closers, fitted to the door. The unit can
door. The unit can provide a ‘hold
provide a ‘hold open’ facility whereby the
open’
whereby
the door
door is facility
held in the
open position.
On is held
in
the
open
position.
On
operation
of
operation of the fire alarm or smoke
the fire the
alarm
or smokeisdetector,
the
detector,
electromagnet
deactivated
electromagnet
is deactivated
the
and
the door will close
automaticallyand
under
conventional
spring action.
door will close
automatically under
conventional spring action.
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(c) Electrically powered free-swing
device incorporated into floorspring
mechanism - the device prevent the
door closing mechanism from closing
the leaf and the door moved freely as
though there is no closing mechanism
fitted. On operation of the fire alarm or
smoke detector, the device release the
closer mechanism allowing it to close
the door leaf.
Figure 31 – Illustrations of hold-open devices and hold-open mechanisms
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Annex S
Cylinders for locks :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1303
S.1
General
S.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1303, it provides the requirements and test methods for
cylinders for locks for the strength, security, durability, performance and corrosion resistance of
cylinders and their original keys.
S.1.2 The cylinders for locks shall meet the additional requirements as described in Annex A of EN
1303. The cylinders for locks, shall have been subjected to successful fire test, according to EN
1634-1: 2000 or EN 1634-2 or Annex E of this standard, or otherwise assessed by a recognised
testing laboratory, to prove the effect of the product on fire resistance of the complete door assembly.
It is not necessary for the cylinder to operate after the fire test.
S.2
As amended
Aug 2009
Requirements
S.2.1 Requirements for cylinders for locks are as stated in Clause 4 of EN 1303.
S.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clause 5 of EN 1303.
S.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in S.3
S.3
Classification
S.3.1 Cylinders for locks are classified according to an eight digit coding system.
S.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1303, except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
S.3.3 The category of use (first digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1: For use by people with a
high incentive to exercise care and with a small chance of misuse.
S.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 100, 000 test cycles (Grade 6).
S.3.5 There shall be no requirement for door mass (third digit in the classification).
S.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
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S.4
Typical examples
S.4.1 Some typical examples of cylinders for locks are as shown in Figure 32.
Euro profile
Rim profile
Scandinavian/Australia
profile
Figure 32 – Illustrations of cylinders for locks
100
Swiss profile
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Annex T
As amended
Aug 2009
Sliding door hardware :
Requirements and test methods – EN 1527
T.1
General
T.1.1 With reference to the standard, EN 1527, it provides the requirements and test methods for all
principal components for sliding doors. Cycle tests, static load, initial friction and corrosion resistance
tests are included for fittings and track only.
T.1.2 This standard covers door gear for all industrial and residential sliding doors but does not
cover sliding doors round the corner and light bottom sliding doors.
T.2
As amended
Aug 2009
Requirements
T.2.1 Requirements for sliding door hardware are as stated in Clause 5 of EN 1527 for sliding
doors.
T.2.2 The test apparatus and methods are as specified in Clause 6 of EN 1527 for sliding doors.
T.2.3 Classification shall be at least as stated in T.3.
T.3
Classification
T.3.1 Sliding doors and their fittings are classified according to a nine digits coding system.
T.3.2 The specifications for each digit are according to EN 1527 except for the digits stated in the
following clauses.
T.3.3 There is no grade identified for sliding door under category of use (first digit in the
classification).
T.3.4 The test duration (second digit in the classification) shall be 10,000 test cycles (Grade 3).
T.3.5 The test door mass (third digit in the classification) shall be any of the four grades identified in
EN 1527.
T.3.6 The fire resistance grade (fourth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1.
T.3.7 There is no grade identified for sliding door under safety (fifth digit in the classification).
As amended
Aug 2009
T.3.8 Deleted
T.3.9 The category of door (eighth digit in the classification) shall be Grade 1, to denote that it is for
sliding door.
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Annex U
Bibliography
U.1
Normative references
BS 476
Fire tests on building materials and structures
Part 4 : 1970 Non-combustibility test for materials
Part 11 : 1982 Method for assessing the heat emission from
building materials
EN 179 : 1997
Building hardware – Emergency exit devices operated by a lever or
push pad – Requirements and test methods
EN 1125 : 1997
Building hardware – Panic exit devices operated by a horizontal bar
– Requirements and test methods
EN 1154 : 1996/A1:2002
Building hardware – Controlled
Requirements and test methods
EN 1155 : 1997
Building hardware – Electrically powered hold-open devices for
swing doors – Requirements and test methods
EN 1158 : 1997
Building hardware – Door coordinator devices – Requirements and
test methods
EN 1303 : 1998
Building hardware – Cylinders for locks – Requirements and test
methods
EN 1634-1 : 2000
Fire resistance tests for door and shutter assemblies. Fire doors and
shutters
EN 1634-2 : 2004
Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter,
openable windows and elements of building hardware – Fire
resistance characterisation test for elements of building hardware.
EN 1634-3 : 2004
Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter
assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware.
Smoke control test for door and shutter assemblies
EN 1670 : 2007
Building hardware. Corrosion resistance. Requirements and test
methods
EN 1906 : 2004
Building hardware – Lever handles
Requirements and test methods
EN 1935 : 2002
Building hardware – Single-axis hinges – Requirements and test
methods
EN 12051 : 1999
Building hardware – Door and window bolts – Requirements and
test methods
EN 12209 : 2003
Building hardware – Locks and latches – Mechanically operated
locks, latches and locking plates – Requirements and test methods
ISO 1456 : 1988
Metallic coatings – Electro deposited coatings of nickel plus
chromium and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
ISO 1458 : 1988
Metallic coatings – Electro deposited coatings of nickel
ISO 2081 : 1988
Metallic coatings – Electroplated coatings of zinc on iron or steel
ISO 4520 : 1981
Chromatic conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium
coatings
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door
closing
devices
–
and knob furniture –
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ISO 4628-2 : 1982
Paints and Varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings –
Designation of intensity, quality and size of common types of defect
– Part 2 : Designation of degree of blistering.
ISO 7599 : 1983
Anodising of aluminium and its alloys – General specification for
anodic oxide coatings on aluminium
ISO 9002 : 1994
Quality Systems – Model for quality assurance in production,
installation and servicing
ISO 9227 : 1990
Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt spray tests
U.2
Other standards for information
EN 1527 : 1998
Building hardware – Hardware for sliding doors and folding doors –
Requirements and test methods
EN 14637 : 2003
Building hardware – Electrically controlled hold-open systems for
fire/smoke door assemblies – Requirements, test methods,
application and maintenance
European Standard
WI 33315 : 2004 (Draft)
Building hardware – Locks and latches – Part 4: Multipoint locks and
their locking plates – Requirements and test methods
EN 14846 : 2003
Building hardware – Locks and latches – Electromechanically
operated locks and striking plates – Requirements and test methods
EN 13633 : 2003
Building hardware – Electrically controlled panic exit systems for use
on escape routes – Requirements and test methods
EN 13637 : 2003
Building hardware – Electrically controlled emergency exit systems
for use on escape routes – Requirements and test methods
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As amended
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SPRING SINGAPORE
SPRING's mission is to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises for a vibrant Singapore economy.
We work to nurture a pro-business environment that encourages enterprise formation and growth,
facilitate the growth of industries, enhance productivity & innovation and capabilities of enterprises,
and help increase access to markets and business opportunities. Our vision is to nurture a host of
dynamic and innovative Singapore enterprises.
Strategic Thrust 1: Nurture a pro-business environment that encourages enterprise formation
and growth
SPRING takes on the role of a steward to nurture a pro-business environment. In this role, SPRING
helps to ensure that there is a conducive environment for enterprises to form, compete and grow.
SPRING promotes the review and removal of rules and regulations that stifle enterprises. It also
facilitates enterprise access to key factor inputs like land, labour, technology and finance.
Strategic Thrust 2: Facilitate the growth of industries
SPRING adopts an integrated cluster development approach in enhancing the vibrancy and
competitiveness of selected industries.
Strategic Thrust 3: Enhance productivity & innovation and capabilities of enterprises
SPRING helps enterprises to enhance their productivity & innovation and capabilities. These include
equipping enterprises with capabilities to upgrade their know-how, and creating conditions that
encourage a productivity & innovation and service focus in enterprises. Focused assistance will be
provided for promising enterprises.
Strategic Thrust 4: Increase access to markets and business opportunities
SPRING helps enterprises gain access to markets by reducing technical barriers to trade, providing
quality assurance for Singapore products/services and linking local enterprises to business
opportunities, both locally and overseas.
SPRING Singapore
2 Bukit Merah Central
Singapore 159835
Tel: 6278 6666
Fax: 6278 6667
E-mail: queries@spring.gov.sg
Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg
ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME
SPRING is also the national standards body in Singapore. Under the national standardisation
programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to meet international standards and
conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of standardisation to enhance
competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development and use of Singapore
Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies and industry on the
latest developments.
SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the
preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and
their implementation.
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Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice,
methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective standards committee will draw up the
standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council. To ensure adequate
representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore Standards, all committees appointed
consist of representatives from various interest groups which include government agencies,
professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and manufacturing organisations.
Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for
specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an
absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a
period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All
comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to
determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can
therefore become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further
comments or be withdrawn.
In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the International Organisation
of Standardisation (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Sub-committee for
Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and
Quality (ACCSQ).
The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical
Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.
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