• Understand what tourism is and its
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
many definitions.
• Learn the components of tourism
and tourism management.
• Examine the various approaches to
studying tourism.
• Appreciate how important this
industry is to the economy of the
world
and of many countries.
9th Edition
- ©2003
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism may be defined as the
processes,
activities,
and outcomes
Tourism:
Principles, Practices,
Philosophies
arising from the relationships and
the interactions among tourists,
tourism suppliers, host
governments, host communities,
and surrounding environments that
are involved in the attracting and
hosting of visitors.
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism comprises the activities of
persons traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment
for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business and other
purposes.
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
9th Edition - ©2003
A “visitor” is defined as those persons
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
who travel to a country other than that
in which they have their usual
residence but outside their usual
environment for a period not
exceeding twelve months and whose
main purpose of visit is other than the
exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited.
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
9th Edition - ©2003
Sociology of
Tourism
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Tourism
Studies
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
In 2001 it is estimated to
account for some:
•$3.5 trillion of Economic Activity
•207 million jobs
In 2011 it is estimated to
account for :
•$7.0 trillion of Economic Activity
9th Edition - ©2003
Double
in
Size
by
2011
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
• Travel and Tourism will continue to
expand faster than the economy as a
whole and faster than comparable
industries.
• By 2011 Travel & Tourism is expected
to account for:
*Over twice the output at $7.0 trillion
jobs --- 260 million employees
9th Edition -*More
©2003
2000
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Rank,
2000
1
2
3
4
5
Country
France
United States
Spain
Italy
China
9th Edition - ©2003
International
Tourist Arrivals
(thousands)
2000
% Change
1999/00
Market Share
% of World
Total,
2000
74,500
52,700
48,500
41,200
31,200
2.0
8.7
3.7
12.8
15.5
10.7
7.5
6.9
5.9
4.5
2000
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
International Market Share
Tourism Receipts
% of World
Rank,
(US$ million)% Change
Total,
2000
Country 20001999/00 2000
1
2
3
4
5
United States83,800 11.9
Spain 31,000 -4.3 6.5
France29,900 -5.1 6.4
Italy 27,700 -2.5
5.8
United Kingdom19,300
9th Edition - ©2003
17.6
-4.7
4.0
Tourism:
billion in 2000.
What
it
Means
to
the
U.S.
• Tourism is the nation’s third largest retail
Economy
industry.
Tourism:
Principles,
Practices, Philosophies
• Travel
spending
in U.S. generated $584.4
• Tourism is the nation’s largest service export.
• Over 7 million Americans employed directly in
the travel industry, 9 million indirectly for a
total of over 16 million jobs.
• Tourism is the first, second, or third largest
employer in 29 states.
9th •Edition
- ©2003
Tourism
provides more than 684,000
•Provides employment
•Can be developed with
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
opportunities
local products and
resources
•Generates foreign
exchange
•Diversifies the economy
•Increases Incomes
•Increases GNP
•Can be built on existing
infrastructure
•Tends to be compatible
with other economic
activities
• Spreads development
• High multiplier impact
•Develops an
infrastructure that will
•Increases governmental
also help
revenues
9th Edition
- ©2003 stimulate local
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
• Broadens educational and cultural
horizons
• Improves quality of life - higher incomes
and improved standards of living
• Justifies environmental protection and
improvement
• Provides tourist and
recreational facilities
9th Edition - ©2003
• Reinforces preservation of heritage and
tradition
• Visitor interest in local culture provides
employment for artists, musicians and
other performing artists enhancing
cultural heritage
• Breaks down language barriers,
sociocultural barriers, class barriers,
racial barriers, political barriers, and
religious barriers
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
9th Edition - ©2003
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
• Develops excess demand
• Results in high leakage
• Creates difficulties of seasonality
• Causes inflation
• Can result in unbalanced economic
development
• Increases vulnerability to economic
9th Edition - ©2003
• Creates social problems
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
• Degrades the natural physical
environment and creates pollution
• Degrades the cultural environment
• Threatens family structure
• Commercializes culture, religion, and the
arts
9th Edition - ©2003