Senior High School
Earth Science
Quarter 1, Module 8
Waste Generation and
Waste Management
1
Earth Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 8: Waste Generation and Waste Management
Second Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools
Division Superintendent:
Development Team of the Module
Compiler/Writer: Jocelyn C. Butanas
Content Editors/: Ms. Celia C. Gepitulan, Principal I, Regino Mercado Night High School
Reviewers
Mr. Bonnie James A. Saclolo, Teacher III, Cebu City National Science HS
Dr. Rey A. Kimilat, Head Teacher V, Abellana National High School
Language Editor: Mrs. Roquesa B. Sabejon, PSDS-ND7
Management Team
Chairperson:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
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Office Address:TALAMBAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Talamban, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (063)227 – 6633, (063)341 – 5109
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What I Need to Know
This module is designed for you to demonstrate an understanding of waste
generation and management. Then, you should be able to prepare a plan that the
community may implement to minimize waste when people utilize materials and
resources. With this in mind you are expected to:
1. define solid waste;
2. categorize waste into different types;
3. describe how people generate different types of waste (solid, liquid, and
gaseous) as they make use of various materials and resources in everyday
life (S11ES-Ii-19);
4. explain how different types of waste affect people’s health and the
environment (S11ES-Ii-j-20); and
5. create a plan to help minimize waste generation.
What I Know
Direction: Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is waste stream? It is the ________________.
A. flow of waste on earth
B. sources of waste in a municipality
C. different types of waste in a country
D. total production of waste from human society
2. Which type of waste is a threat to human health and the environment?
A. biodegradable B. hazardous
C. nonbiodegradable D. nonhazardous
3. Where does the biggest bulk of garbage come from?
A. commercial
B. hospitals
C. households
D. industries
4. Which is the simplest, cheapest, and fastest way of dealing with garbage? The
simplest, cheapest, and fastest way of dealing with garbage is ____________.
A. composting it
C. throwing it in a sanitary landfill
B. burning it in an incinerator
D. disposing it in an open dumpsite
5. Which gas is produced in landfills?
A. diesel
B. ethanol
C. hexane
D. methane
6. What is the purpose of waste-to-energy facilities?
A. create electricity from waste
C. allow people to scavenge in landfills
B. collect waste batteries for re-use
D. recycle usable materials in landfills
7. What is the appropriate definition of integrated waste management? It is a
system that combines a variety of strategies for ______________.
A. environmental renewal
B. reduction of hazardous chemicals
C. waste control and landfill management
D. both waste management and waste reduction
8. What type of waste are busted bulbs, used cellphones and nonfunctioning TV
set?
A. E-waste
B. inorganic waste
C. industrial waste D. hazardous waste
9. Which type of waste is referred to as municipal solid waste?
A. toxic
B. hazardous
C. nontoxic
D. nonhazardous
10. Which is considered NOT hazardous waste?
A. clothing
B. car battery C. electronic devices D. toxic cleaning bottles
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11. Which harmful gas is produced when incinerating wastes?
A. dioxin
B. methane C. carbon dioxide
D. sulfuric acid
12. Some wastes were buried in the soil. After a few months, they were dug up.
Which would remain the same?
A. fruit peels
B. leftover food
C. plastic bottle
D. waste paper
13. Which waste should NOT go with the group?
A.
B.
C.
D.
14. Which waste management method makes use of living organisms to absorb
and metabolize toxins?
A. bioremediation B. burying
C. composting
D. incineration
15. Which is the correct order for the zero-waste approach to managing waste?
A. recycle, reduce, refuse, reuse
C. recycle, reuse, reduce, refuse
B. refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle
D. refuse, reuse, reduce, recycle
What’s In
K–W–L
Direction: Copy the table in your notebook and fill up the K and W columns
respectively about waste generation and waste management.
K
W
L
(What I Want to Learn)
(What I Have Learned)
(What I Know)
Keep your K-W-L sheet with you. We will use it as our target
on what we want to learn from this module. It is now time for us to
begin.
What’s New
HOW GREEN ARE YOU?
(Taken from iSL COLLECTIVE https://en.islcollective.com//english-esl-worksheets
/vocabulary/environment/how-green-are-youquiz/76448)
Good day! Let us try to find out if your actions help
Mother Earth. Be honest in answering the questions in
each item. Encircle the letter of your answer. Once you are
done, go to the scoring section and try to check how ecofriendly you are. Ready? Let us begin.
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1. Do you sort out glass, paper, plastic bottles and cans?
A. always
B. sometimes
C. never
2. Do you buy trade fair products or organic or local food or at the farmers’
market?
A. always
B. sometimes
C. never, it’s too expensive
3. Do you use your own shopping bags when going to the market?
A. Always
B. often
C. once in a while
4. Do you recycle light bulbs and used batteries?
A. Always
B. sometimes
C. never
5. Do you always dispose of garbage in a proper way?
A. Yes
B. most of the times
C. no
6. Do you bother picking up other people’s litter?
A. Yes, always
B. sometimes
C. no, never
7. Do you switch off lights when you leave a room?
A. Yes, always
B. sometimes
C. never
8. Do you switch off other electronic appliances at night?
A. Yes, always
b. sometimes
C. never
9. Do you put on cooler clothes when it’s summer instead of putting on the air
conditioning unit?
A. Yes B. sometimes
C. Never, I prefer putting the heating on more.
10. Do you have showers instead of baths?
A. Yes always
B. often
C. never
11. Do you close the tap while you brush your teeth?
A. Yes always
B. sometimes
C. never thought about it
12. Do you leave the fridge door open when you do the cooking?
A. Never, I always close it.
B. sometimes
C. yes, it often happens
13. Do you use public transportation or bike or walk when possible?
A. Yes, always
B. sometimes
C. never
14. Do you have and use a composter at home?
A. Yes (2pts)
B. no (0 pt)
What Is Your Score?
Assign points to your answer in each item. Give A 2 points, B 1 point
and C zero point, except for no. 14. Get the sum of all the scores. See how
green based on the sum of your scores below.
How Green Are You? If you have a total score of
22-28: Congratulations! You are making real efforts to help save our
planet.
13-21: Well, you should do better, the environment is not really your
priority but you can improve can’t you!
12 and Below: Do a lot more to leave an acceptable environment to your
children and grandchildren.
5
What Is It
Living things rely on the environment for its survival. Let us take plants as
an example, plants take in nutrients from the soil to grow. Animals on the other
hand take in plants as its source of food. In the process of consumption these
organisms release waste like oxygen from plants and feces from animals. These
excreted materials are cycled back to the environment. However, humans produce
more waste that the environment’s recycling capacity could handle.
Wastes are unwanted and unusable materials. These are substances having
no value. The sum total production of waste from human society, including
agricultural, industrial, municipal and mining is called waste stream.
Sources of Waste
1. Agricultural wastes are all the leftovers after a harvest is completed. Typically,
these are generated by agricultural activities. These may include leaves, vegetable
peels, excreta of farm animals, empty containers of pesticides and unused
fertilizers.
2. Mining wastes are the materials that has been brought up from the Earth in the
process of extracting coal, metal ore or some other mineral resources.
3. Industrial wastes are generated after industrial and manufacturing processes.
Basically, these waste comes factories and industries.
4. Commercial wastes are produced in schools, shops, markets, malls and offices.
5. Domestic wastes are generated during household activities like cooking and
cleaning.
6. Biomedical wastes are generated in hospitals and clinics. These includes
infectious wastes which have been used in medical treatments like cotton swabs,
gauzes, or bandages. Another biomedical waste is classified as sharps which are
used syringes, needles and blades. There are also radioactive wastes in hospitals
which are used in X-rays or cancer treatments.
7. Municipal wastes are waste from households, offices, schools, market and other
public places. This would include food waste, used papers, broken glass bottles,
garden wastes and many more. RA 9003, also known as “The Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000”, defines municipal waste as those that are
produced from activities within local government units which include a
combination of domestic, commercial, institutional and industrial waste and
street litters.
Classification of Waste
1. According to kind/form of waste:
Solid waste is commonly known as trash or garbage that is produced in our
homes or other places. RA 9003 defined solid waste as those that are discarded
household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste,
street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste and other nonhazardous/non-toxic solid waste. Liquid waste includes waste water from our
homes, offices and commercial establishments and liquid chemical effluents from
factories and industries. Gaseous waste includes gases that is being released in
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factories during processes of production and domestic gases born out of household
activities.
2. According to their properties:
Biodegradable waste is also known as organic waste. It can be decomposed
by bacteria and other organisms. It comes from plant and animal sources. It
includes food waste, trimmings from your gardens and excreta from animals.
Non-biodegradable waste cannot be decomposed by bacteria and other
organism. Non-biodegradable waste is also known as inorganic waste and can
persist for a long time like plastics.
3. According to effect on life and environment:
Non-hazardous wastes do not bring harm to the environment or to life. They
are mostly municipal solid waste.
Hazardous wastes are those that bring potential harm to life or the
environment. Hospital and mining wastes are classified as hazardous because they
are potential health hazards. They are health hazards because they may contain
disease-causing components. Disease causing substances may be carcinogenic,
teratogenic or mutagenic.
Hazardous wastes may also contain toxic substances. They may be found in
a lot of household products. They can be classified as flammable or combustible,
explosive, corrosive and toxic.
4. Special category:
E-wastes are also known as waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE). E-waste are electronic waste or various forms of electronic and electric
equipment that have ceased to be useful or nearing the end of their lives. These
would include busted bulbs, unused battery, broken appliances and outdated
models of cellphones.
Waste Management:
Waste management is the collection, transportation and disposal of garbage,
sewage and other waste products. It would also include managing and monitoring
waste materials to minimize its impact to health and environment. Every country
has s different waste management practice. However, their waste management
practice is mainly on municipal solid waste.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) are commonly known as garbage or trash.
According to RA 9003, otherwise known as
“The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
of 2000” municipal solid wastes are all solid,
non-hazardous
waste
generated
in
households, commercial establishments, and
by institutional and industrial activities.
Waste characterization is a very
important process for coming up with a good
waste management strategy.
Waste
characterization is a process of finding out
Figure 1 Sources of MSW in the
Philippines 2008-2013
the amount of garbage disposed from the
Photo credit: https://tinyurl.com/yc22jkfc
source and its composition. Figure 1 shows
the characterization of MSW in the
Philippines according to sources.
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The biggest bulk of waste is generated
in household or residential areas whereas
industrial waste had the smallest percentage
of MSW.
Further, MSW can also be
characterized according to types as shown in
figure 2. It shows that majority of the waste
disposed in every municipality in the
Philippines are biodegradables. Recyclables,
as defined by the Environment Management
Figure 2 Composition of MSW in the
Bureau (EMB) of the Department of
Philippines 2008-2013
Environment and Natural Resources in the
Photo credit: https://tinyurl.com/yc22jkfc
Philippines, are any waste material retrieved
from the waste stream and free from contamination that can be converted to suitable
beneficial use. Residuals, on the other hand, are solid waste materials that are noncompostable and non-recyclable that needs to be
disposed properly in a sanitary landfill. It includes waste sanitary napkins, diapers,
tissues, worn-out rugs and the like.
There are different methods of waste management. Let us take a look at them
one by one.
Open Dumps
These are the simplest, cheapest, and fastest way to deal with garbage. A
community will just identify a shared open area where they can leave their garbage.
The problem with this method is open dumps are left to be exposed to elements such
as rain and pests. Since this method does not take into consideration the types of
waste being dumped, it would likely contaminate the soil and nearby water supply.
Further, this will become breeding grounds of pest that are vectors of diseases.
Another downside is that when organic waste start to decompose it would release
methane (CH3), an odorless, colorless, and highly flammable gas, that could start
spontaneous combustion in open dumps.
Sanitary Landfills
A sanitary landfill is a
large area that has been
excavated and lined to allow
the safe deposit of municipal
solid waste. These landfills are
monitored closely for the
presence of leachate. Leachate
is a liquid by-product of the
decomposition of waste that
percolates at the bottom of a
Figure 3 Typical Modern Landfill
landfill.
Thus, a sanitary
Photo credit: https://tinyurl.com/56p7b6zd
landfill must be properly lined.
Figure
3
shows
major
components of a sanitary landfill. Clay is usually used as a liner in sanitary landfills
together with a layer of polyethylene or rubber that would make the bottom and the
sides of the pit impermeable to leachate.
8
How are wastes disposed of in sanitary landfills? After a garbage is thrown in
the landfill, it is spread out evenly, compacted and covered with soil, clay or plastic
foam. It is then sprayed with chemicals to prevent the spread of foul odor. The size
of the landfill depends on the maximum amount of garbage that is generated in an
area within five years. When it is already full it must be closed and covered with
more clay, sand, gravel and topsoil. A closed sanitary landfill must undergo
rehabilitation procedures like the use of vegetative cover, regular monitoring for soil,
air and groundwater contamination, and even methane gas monitoring.
Workers in a sanitary landfill must be well-protected. They should wear the
proper protective equipment like suitable clothes, boots and masks.
Open Burning
People usually burn garbage to reduce the volume of waste. However, open
burning of garbage has been identified to be one of the causes of air pollution and
contributes to the greenhouse effect. With RA 9003 and the Clean Air Act, open air
garbage burning is prohibited to make it sure that toxic gases and smoke will be
minimized thus, preserving air quality.
Incineration
Incineration is a process of
burning waste in high-temperature
furnaces or ovens which are strictly
controlled,
monitored
and
maintained. Garbage is incinerated
at a temperature that can reach as
high as 10000C. Incineration could
reduce the volume of garbage to as
much as 75% of the original volume.
Figure 4 Incineration plant diagram
An incineration plant (figure 4) is a
Photo credit: https://tinyurl.com/27xa7t2c
large structure complete with
facilities
for
mixing
garbage,
furnace for burning, smokestacks
for gaseous emissions, and equipment for collecting ash and noncombustible
products.
Modern incineration is highly used in highly developed countries. Japan
widely practice incineration because of the limited space for landfills. Nowadays,
modern incineration plants not only serve as garbage disposal facility but as well as
for the production of electricity. Incinerators that produces electricity are also called
as “waste to energy” facilities.
While incineration has its advantages, it had been found out that it
contributes to the increased emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
It also produces toxic fly ash (contains Cd. Pb and Hg) and dioxin. Dioxin is a
carcinogenic by-product of burning plastics and chlorinated materials.
Zero Waste Approach
In “What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050”,
it was predicted that global waste generation will rise by 70% in 2050. At the local
level, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in a report in
2008 made a projection that waste generation will increase from 13.48 M tons in
2010 to 18.05 M tons of waste by 2020. Both reports call for action.
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Environmentalists call for a
zero waste approach.
Zero waste
approach is a paradigm shift in waste
management from waste should in end
in dumpsites, landfills or incinerators
to a making it sure that resources are
optimally used and reused in such a
way that zero waste goes to the
municipality’s disposal sites. The Zero
Waste International Alliance (ZWIA)
defines zero waste approach as “the
conservation of all resources by means
of
responsible
production,
consumption, reuse, and recovery of
products, packaging and materials
without
burning
and
with
no
discharges to land, water or air that
threaten the environment or human
health” (ZWIA, 2018). How is zero waste management done?
Zero waste management is synonymous with the 3R’s (reduce, reuse, recycle)
of solid waste management. ZWIA is now advocating the 7R’s as shown in the figure
below. This is an expanded form of 3R’s so that waste management becomes a
collaborative effort. Let us just take into consideration the 5 R’s of waste
management.
1. Refuse means saying no to what you don’t need. You can ask the cashier or food
attendant to exclude in your package plastic spoons and fork for your take-out.
You can also not patronize products that could harm the environment and even
our health.
2. Reduce means being a wise
consumer. For example, you
consider buying a bottle of
shampoo or buying a dozen sachet
of shampoo. In choosing to buy a
bottle of shampoo lesser waste is
generated than buying in sachets.
3. Reuse and repair go together.
When you reuse, the material is
being maximized. You may take
offices and schools as examples.
You can re-use the unprinted
Figure 6 Zero Waste Hierarchy (7 R’s)
side of your papers as scratch
Photo
credit: http://zwia.org/zwh/#1533001382197papers for drafting plans or even
873a7519-c4ae
for math computations.
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Switching from using disposable materials to reusable materials is a good
example of reuse. You can show this by bringing reusable bags to store grocery
items rather than using disposable plastic bags.
4. Recycle means reprocessing a material into a new raw material for a new
product.
5. Rot is composting your biodegradable wastes. There are different methods of
composting and the most common is vermicomposting which uses earthworms
to decompose organic waste.
Upcycling is a process where an “old” product gets to be modified and get a second
life as they’re turned into a “new” product. It is also called creative reuse since
this “unwanted materials” are turned into of much greater quality with an artistic
or environmental value. Below are examples of upcycled products.
Figure 7 Some Upcycled Products
Photo credit: https://www.loveproperty.com/gallerylist/71768/71-upcyclingideas-to-transform-your-old-stuff
Waste Markets
They are commonly called as junkshops. Waste markets buy and sell different
kinds of recyclable and reusable materials.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation is one of the techniques in handling hazardous waste. It
makes use of living organisms like plants and fungi to absorb and metabolize toxins.
Water hyacinths had been known to clogged Pasig River but studies had shown that
they are effective agents of removing water pollutants such as algae, fecal coliform,
suspended particles, trace toxic metals and other undissolved impurities in
wastewaters.
Integrated Waste Management (IWM)
Integrated Waste Management (IWM) combines waste stream, waste
collection, treatment and disposal methods into a system that provide environmental
sustainability, economic affordability, and social acceptance. It is a combination of
waste management and waste disposal strategies. What is important here is not how
many strategies are used but it is which strategies are appropriate to the community
both economically and environmentally.
The Philippines Ecological Solid Waste Approach
1. Segregation of wastes start at the source. All members in the household must be
informed how to segregate wastes.
2. There must be a separate container for the different types of waste.
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3. The use of special collection schedules and/or separate truck haulers must be
required for specific waste types.
4. Recyclable wastes materials should be taken to the Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays where they are received, sorted,
processed, and stored efficiently and in an environmentally friendly manner.
Compostable wastes on the other hand, should be composted either in the
backyard or the community composting site. Hazardous wastes are further
screened and sent to appropriate hazardous waste treatment and disposal plants.
5. The residual wastes or the non-recyclable and non-compostable wastes shall be
transferred to a long-term storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfill.
Source: ESWM For Households in http://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/6.ESWM-for-HH.pdf
Effects of Improper Waste Disposal
After the implementation of RA 9003, waste management in the Philippines is
still a big challenge to hurdle. Why do we need to manage our waste properly? A lot
of studies had shown the negative impact of improper waste management on our
health and environment.
Health
Waste that is improperly disposed or dumped anywhere can be the breeding
grounds of disease vectors like insects and rodents. Decomposing waste also emit
methane not only harms our health but could contribute to spontaneous combustion
and global warming. Leachate from dumps could also contaminate our waterways
that it could harm our health. In a report by the National Solid Waste Management
Commission (NSWMC), they cited WHO and World Bank’s estimate that diarrhea,
cholera, helminthiasis, hepatitis and typhoid cases are due to poor water quality,
sanitation and hygiene. These diseases could be directly or indirectly caused by
improper waste disposal.
Open dumps could emit foul odor which is make air quality poor. Poor air
quality contributes to respiratory problems like asthma.
Environment
Aside from a dirty environment, this could lead to:
1. Soil contamination is caused by hazardous chemical getting into the soil. If
we eat plants and animals that had been in contact with polluted soils, there
can be a negative impact on our health.
2. Water pollution can be due to leachate getting into ground water or improper
sewage disposal. Once the bodies of water become polluted their dissolved
oxygen decrease making them an inhabitable place for aquatic organisms.
3. Air pollution cannot only harm our bodies but it could also hamper with our
daily activities. Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. Smog can lower the
visibility of an area. Once smog occurs it would be unsafe to travel. Moreover,
it could also cause asthma, emphysema and other respiratory illness. It had
also been found out that it could inhibit the growth of plants and can cause
widespread damage to crops.
4. Loss of biodiversity means the decline of the number and variety of organism
in a biological community. A polluted community contributes to the decline
of the number and variety of living organisms in an area.
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What’s More
A. Where Do I Come From?
Directions: Identify the source of each given waste. Write the letter that
represents where it comes from on a separate sheet of paper.
(Note a number may have more than one answer.)
A. agricultural
D. residential
B. mining
E. commercial
C. industrial
F. biomedical
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1. kitchen waste at home
2. mine tailings
3. expired medicine in clinics
4. construction waste
5. scratch paper in the office
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
6. dead leaves
7. used cotton swabs
8. cigarette butts in parks
9. busted TV units
10. saw dust
B. Where Do I Belong?
Directions: Throw each garbage in its proper container by classifying each
waste. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
13
What I Have Learned
I-TWEET MO
What have you learned out of this module? Complete your K-W-L
sheet and make it your “tweeter” post.
What I Can Do
Aksyunan Mo!
Directions: Create a project plan on how to minimize solid waste generation that
can be used in your sitio or purok or barangay. Follow the given
format.
(Note: Sample project plan is found at the end of this module.)
____________________
Name /Title of the Plan
Goal:
Purpose:
Objective:
Input/
Action
Activity Steps
Output/
Success
Indicator
Date of
Implemen
tation
Person’s
In-charge
Prepared and submitted by:
________________________________
Name Grade & Section
School
14
Budget
Amt Sourc
e
Means
of
Verifica
tion
Rubric For Rating the Project Plan
Rubric
Relevance
Feasibility and
Replicability
40
goal, purpose
and objectives
are aligned with
the identified
problem
objective is
SMART
(specific,
measurable
attainable &
time bounded
manner)
project plan
greatly answers
the
community’s
need
all activities can
be clearly
performed
In-charge of all
activities are
named
sequence of
events in the
timeline is
completely
logical
30
goal and
purpose are
aligned with the
problem but not
the objectives
objective is
specific,
measurable &
attainable
20
Only the goal
is aligned with
the problem
project plan
fairly answers
the
community’s
need
most activities
can be clearly
performed
In-charge of
most activities
are named
project plan
somewhat
answers the
community’s
need
Few activities
can be clearly
performed
In-charge of
few activities
are named
sequence of
most events in
the timeline is
logical
many events
are not
logically
sequenced
objective is
specific &
measurable
10
goal, purpose
and objectives
are not aligned
with the problem
objective is
specific
The project plan
does not answer
answers the
community’s
need
activities can’t be
clearly performed
In-charge of all
activities are not
clearly named
sequence of
events is not
logical
Assessment
Directions: Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the total production of waste?
A. waste stream
C. municipal waste
B. waste volume
D. generation volume
2. Which type of waste is compostable?
A. biodegradable B. nonhazardous C. recyclable
D. residual
3. Which is the biggest contributor of waste?
A. commercial
B. hospitals
C. industries
D. residential
4. Which carcinogenic gas is generated by incinerators?
A. dioxin
B. methane
C. carbon dioxide
D. greenhouse gas
5. Which are non-biodegradable and recyclable waste?
A. newspaper, broken glass, metal scrap
B. kitchen waste, food leftovers, market waste
C. cloth remnants, empty glass jar, metal scrap
D. used clothing, empty containers of pesticides, drained battery
6. What is referred to as waste generated by manufacturing activities?
A. E-waste
C. commercial waste
B. biomedical waste
D. industrial waste
7. There are people who bury their waste. Which waste material will remain the
same if dug up after 5 years?
A. paper
B. tin can
C. plastic cup
D. kitchen waste
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8. What is RA 9003 known for?
A. Waste Management Act of 2000
B. Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
C. Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000
D. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
9. Solid waste management is one of the responsibilities of every Local
Government Unit (LGU). Waste collection and disposal are some of the
processes of waste management. Where do the collected recyclable wastes go?
The collected recyclable wastes will go to the municipality/city’s ______.
A. dumpsites
C. sanitary landfills
B. waste markets
D. material recovery facilities
10. Which statement describes municipal solid wastes? Municipal solid wastes
are ______________________.
A. all types of waste generated in the municipality
B. any type of waste produced by the residential, industrial and
institutional sector of a country
C. non-hazardous waste produced by residential, industrial and
institutional sector in the local government unit
D. all of the above
11. What waste management method is a combination of waste reduction and
waste disposal management?
A. 5 R’s B. zero waste C. waste-to-energy D. integrated waste management
12. What is the difference between upcycling and recycling? Upcycling is ________
while recycling is _______________.
A. an industrial process; a creative process
B. repurposing an old material as a new raw material; reprocessing the old
material creatively
C. repurposing an old material with an artistic value; reprocessing the old
material into a new raw material
D. reprocessing wastes to become new raw materials; reprocessing the old
materials into a new one with artistic value
13. Which is the correct hierarchy in the zero-waste approach? C
14. Why does Japan incinerate their waste?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Japan has small land area.
The technology in Japan is advanced.
Incineration is a zero-waste approach.
Incinerators in Japan generate electricity.
A. I & IV
B. II & III
C. I & III
D. II & IV
15. Why do we have to dispose our garbage properly?
A. Open dumpsites are unsanitary and can become breeding grounds for
disease-carrying animals.
B. Unsegregated wastes, in open dumps, when they decompose can produce
harmful gases and leachate that contaminate ground water.
C. It would be costly for the local government because they would need
additional workers and equipment to segregate the waste in sanitary
landfills.
D. All of the above.
16
References
Bell, Shelby. 2020. "THE 5 R'S: REFUSE, REDUCE, REUSE, REPURPOSE,
RECYCLE." ROADRUNNER. January 21. Accessed November 16, 2020.
https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/the-5-rs-of-waste-recycling.
2015. Biodegradation in Municipal Solid Waste landfills. November 19. Accessed
November 13, 2020. https://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-classprojects/cee-549-geoenvironmental-engineering-fall2015/assignments/biodegradation-in-municipal-solid-waste-landfills.
Cowles, Dawn. 2020. The 5 R's of Zero Waste Living. April 16. Accessed November
16, 2020. https://www.unsustainablemagazine.com/the-5-rs-of-zero-wasteliving/.
Dragani, Rachelle. 2019. The Effects of Improper Waste Disposal. October 9.
Accessed November 16, 2020. https://sciencing.com/the-effects-of-improper-wastedisposal-13421035.html.
2016. "Ecological Solid Waste Management." NSWMC, June 6.
http://nswmc.emb.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/6.ESWM-for-HH.pdf.
Environment Management Bureau. 2018. National Solid Waste Management Status Report.
Status
Report, Quezon City: DENR.
eSchoolToday. 2019. Your Cool Facts and Tips on Waste Management. Accessed November
10, 2020.
https://www.eschooltoday.com/waste-recycling/waste-management-tips-forkids.html.
Gill, Gitanjali Nain. n.d. Electronic waste. Accessed November 12, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/electronic-waste.
GOVPH. 2001. Republic Act No. 9003. January 26. Accessed November 7, 2020.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/.
Gupta, Gian C. 1980. "Use of Water Hyacints in Wastewater Treatment (A Brief Literature
Review)."
Journal of Environmental Health (National Environmental Health Association) 80-82.
Accessed November 16, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44537520?seq=1.
2015. "How green are you? Quiz." iSLCOLLECTIVE. January 21. Accessed November 16,
2020.
https://en.islcollective.com//english-eslworksheets/vocabulary/environment/how-green-are-youquiz/76448.
Nathanson, Jerry A. 2020. Solid Waste Management. November 10. Accessed November 13,
2020.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management.
Nordone, A.J., P R White, F McDougall, G Parker, A Garmendia, and M Franke. n.d. "Waste
Management and Minimization." Accessed November 16, 2020.
http://www.eolss.net/sample-Chapters/C09/E4-13-01-10.pdf.
THE WORLD BANK. 2018. Global Waste to Grow by 70 Percent by 2050 Unless Urgent
Action is
Taken: World Bank Report. September 20. Accessed November 15, 2020.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/09/20/global-waste-togrow-by-70-percent-by-2050-unless-urgent-action-is-taken-world-bank-report.
n.d. Waste. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://byjus.com/chemistry/waste/.
Zero Waste International Alliance. n.d. Global Principles for Zero Waste Communities.
Accessed
November 16, 2020. http://zwia.org/zero-waste-community-principles/.
17
18
What’s More (Where Do I Belong?)
1. D
2. B
3. F
4. C
5. E
6. A
7. F
8. E
9. D
10. C
Answer Key
Our Garbage Our Care
Goal:
Purpose:
Objectives:
Improve the learning environment of Planet NHS to one that is more conducive to learning.
Improve the disposal habit of the students.
At the end of the school year, Planet NHS will
a. reduce the generation of garbage by 50%.
b. practice proper garbage disposal.
Activities
Cleanest
Classroom/
Office Search
.
Action Steps
Output/ Success
Indicator
Create the team
in charge of the
search.
Special appointment
paper outlining roles
and responsibilities.
Formulate
evaluation tool for
the search
Communicate
Evaluation Tool
Cleanest
Classroom/
Office Search
Quarterly
Awarding of the
Cleanest
Classroom/Office
Search
Draft evaluation
tool.
Final copy of the
evaluation tool
Ranking of cleanest
classroom/ office.
-
Quarterly
Recognition
Tarpaulin of
Recognition
Prizes
Date of
Implementatio
n
nd
2 week of
June
Person’s
In-charge
Cost
Budget
Source
Principal &
Project Team
Leader
200.00
Local
funds
3rd week of
June
Search team
leader
200.00
Local
funds
1st Monday of
July
July – March
Search team
leader
Chairman of
the
Evaluators
Search team
leader &
Chairman of
the
Evaluators
-
-
1800.00
Local
funds
2400.00
Local
funds
September
December
March
Takakura
Composting
Single Use Plastic
No More
Prepared and submitted by:
Name of Student:
Grade & Section:
School:
19
Means of
Verification
Signed
appointment &
photodocumentatio
n
Minutes of the
meeting & pictures
Minutes of the
meeting & pictures
Filled up
evaluation forms &
pictures
- Recognition
Program
- pictures
- signed
acknowledgement
receipt of the prize
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Cebu City
Office Address: Imus Street, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph
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