The Internet
is a global system and a network of interconnected computer networks
[private/ public/ academic/ business/government networks of local to
global scope]
that use the Internet protocol (TCP/IP) to link billion devices worldwide
by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.
- The Web (WWW) is the most popular way to access the Internet.
- A web pages of a website are identified by a common domain name
Ex) https://www.google.com/
Internet purposes
1. Communication
People use the Web to communicate with each
other through social media and other online
platforms.
2. Information access
The Web is a vast repository (‫)مخزن‬of
information so, People use it to learn about the
world and find answers to their questions.
3. Entertainment
The Web offers a wide variety of entertainment
options, including streaming video and music,
online gaming, and social media platforms.
4. Commerce
he Web is a major platform for e_commerce,
with businesses and services online.
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Internet Services
1. Email
is a means of exchanging messages between
individuals using electronic devices , as a
computer file through the Online/Internet.
2. Video Conference
a form of electronic communication between two
or more parties on computers, telephones, video
screens
over a public/private computer network.
3. Instant messages
allows the exchange of virtual messages between
two or more users over the Internet immediately
(‫ )فى نفس الوقت‬Unlike Mails .
4. E-commerce
is the selling of products, services, or information
over the Internet .
5. Telnet
- a computer protocol that was built for
interacting with remote computers.
- enables terminal-to-terminal communication
(‫)توصيل من جهاز لجهاز بشكل مباشر‬
It lets you transfer sensitive files between a server
and a client on a computer network.
6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
-
one of the ways to transfer Large files
7. File Internet Relay Chat
(FIRC)
an open-source program. It helps in connecting
users together to chat with multiple people at the
same time.
8. VOIP (Voice Over Internet
Protocol)
Through it, we get to know how to make phone
calls on the Internet and how to receive others'
calls.
-
Many people believe that VoIP is a good
alternative to landline.
9. Newsgroups
is an Internet-based discussion group where you
will be able to access information about your
interests and from people from all over the world.
10.Electronic Fax (EFax)
the technology that is used to send the document
directly to the recipient via the Internet
11.Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs)
establishing a protected network connection
when using public networks.
- VPNs encrypt your internet traffic and hide your
online identity
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‫لتسهيل الحفظ‬
‫الحاجات اللي فيها كالم و مراسلة‬
- Efax , Email , Instant Messages , newsgroups, FIRC
(FIRC) old Example for Discord
‫اجتماع اونالين‬
- Video conferencing
‫مواقع التجارة االلكترونية‬
- Ecommerce
‫البرتوكوالت‬
- VOIP , FTP
‫للحماية‬
- VPN
Internet Services
- There are a few different ways to transfer large files over the Internet.
The two large file transfer options
are using a cloud share service, like Google Drive or Dropbox,
or using a file transfer protocol (FTP).
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the physical or wireless link between your device and
the Internet so , you can browse websites and more..
Internet Connection
types of internet connections
1- Dial-up
-
the oldest type
the slowest
It uses a phone line to connect to the
Internet, and it can only be used by one
device at a time .
( ‫مينفعش اكتر من مستخدم للنت فى نفس‬
‫)الوقت‬
2- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
- Fast
- uses a phone line used by multiple devices
-
3- Cable
-
4- Fiber
-
at the same time.
a good option for homes and businesses
that need a reliable internet connection.
Fast and Reliable
uses a cable TV line used by multiple devices
at the same time
a good option for homes and businesses
that need a lot of bandwidth for streaming
video, gaming ..
the fastest type
It uses fiber optic cables to transmit data
it can be up to 100 times faster than cable
internet.
a good option for homes and businesses
that need the highest possible speeds, such
as for 4K streaming and online gaming.
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Client-Server
a relationship between cooperating programs in an
application, composed of clients initiating requests for
services and servers respond with that function or service .
. ‫ يطلب و السرفر ينفذ المطلوب‬client
-
TCP and IP are two separate computer network protocols.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
IP(The Internet Protocol)
a communications standard that responsible
for send packets across the internet and
ensure the successful delivery of data and
messages over network once that IP address
has been found
Method to obtains the address to which data
is sent.
- TCP is one of the basic standards that
define the rules of the Internet.
- Every device has an IP address that
uniquely identifies it and enables it to
communicate with and exchange data
with other devices connected to the
internet
‫ هيتأكد من أن‬TCP ‫ هيحدد رقم الجهاز الى المفروض يتبعت ليه الرسالة و ال‬IP ‫ال‬
‫ و بيرقمها و لما‬packets ‫الرسالة وصلت بشكل سليم عن طريق أن بيقسم الداتا ل‬
‫ وصلت و مفيش حاجة وقعت و‬packets ‫بتوصل للجهاز التاني بيتأكد من أن كل ال‬
. )‫مترتبة بشكل سليم (عن طريق الترقيم‬
A Domain Name System “DNS” Server :
translates the domain name into its associated IP Address .
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All this link is called URL
Domain Name
Directories (Folders)
web page
http://www.blog.nps.gov.:8080/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.html
Domain Name
URL
-It is a part of the URL .
-All the parts of the domain name are separated by
the period or dot (.) => www.blog.
Definition
a unique identifier for a website on the Internet. It the complete address (the location) of a web page or
is typically easier for humans to remember than an website on the Internet.
IP address . [IP : , which is a numerical identifier for
- It includes the protocol (e.g., HTTP or HTTPS),
a computer on the network.]
the domain name, and the path to the resource.
‫( لكن صعب‬domain name) ‫سهل علينا نعرف اسم الموقع‬
.‫ إلى بيعبر عنه‬IP ‫نحفظ ال‬
‫ بتعرف بيه األجهزة بعضها البعض‬IP ‫ال‬
divided into the following parts:
www.blog.nps.gov.
http://www.blog.nps.gov.
:8080/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.html
1. Type of Server: WWW
2. Sub domain : (optional) a separate website
but a part of the domain name .
Ex) blog
/!\ ‫للتوضيح بص تحت‬
3. Host Name: the main name of the domain
Ex) nps
4. Top-level Domain: The last part of the domain
name
Ex) .gov
1. Method or Protocol: used to retrieve the file from the
server.
Ex) http
2. Domain name: a human-friendly text form for the IP
address of the server where the file or document is
located .
Ex) http://www.blog.nps.gov.
3. Port: a protocol number. It is just a communication
endpoint.
Ex) :8080
/!\
‫للتوضيح بص تحت‬
4. Path: the location of the file on the server.
Ex) /grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.html
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‫< ‪blog‬‬‫هو موقع مستقل و لكنه متفرع من الموقع األساسي إلى هو ‪nps‬‬
‫و الحاجات زي كده بتتعمل على حسب الحاجة مش شرط أساسي فى‬
‫تكوين ال ‪. domain name‬‬
‫< ال ‪ port‬ده مربوط بالبروتوكول‬‫ف الغالب ميبقاش مكتوب النه بيبقي ليه قيمة ‪default‬‬
‫مثال ‪ http‬معروف أن ال ‪ port‬بتاعه ‪80‬‬
‫ال ‪ port‬بس بيضاف فى حالة أنه حصل تغيير ل الرقم أو فيه حاالت بتحتاج انك‬
‫تكتبلها رقم لل ‪port‬‬
‫‪Domain Hierarchical structure‬‬
‫‪www.‬‬
‫]‪Third level domain [Hosts/clients‬‬
‫‪blog.‬‬
‫‪Third level domain‬‬
‫‪nps.‬‬
‫‪Second level domain‬‬
‫‪gov‬‬
‫‪Top level domain‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪root domain‬‬
‫ال ‪ root domain‬بيكون عبارة عن نقطة و لكن مش بتظهر لنا هما حطوها‬
‫عشان تميز ال ‪ domain name‬بحيث أن هي اخر حاجة بينتهي‬
‫عندها ال ‪domain name‬‬
‫الرسمة دي بتتكلم عن العملية كلها مشيت ازاى و هو أن ال ‪ client‬طلب من السرفر مثال أنه عايز يدخل‬
‫موقع معين و كتب ال ‪ address‬بتاعه ف السيرفر عايز يعرف ‪ IP‬الموقع عشان يقدر يوصله و هيعرفه‬
‫عن طريق أن ‪ DNS server‬إلى هيحول ال ‪ domain name‬ل ‪IP‬‬
‫و ل سالمة وصول الداتا هيكون موجود بروتوكول ‪. TCP‬‬
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How does the web server find a web site?
➔ By typing the URL address, or the web site text address then DNS server
translates it to its associated IP then TCP protocol ensure the successful delivery
of data and
Server : computers make up the web and connected all the time (24h/ 7d)
: Or can be connected only periodically
‫فى كذا سيرفر عليهم نفس للبيانات بحيث لو واحد وقف التاني يكمل مكانه‬
: with a special S/W installed called server S/W
How to Design a Web Site
1. Use HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) language :
to give you better control and a much quicker process of your website.
2. Registering your domain name :
unique name to have your official address .
3. Hosting :
Renting server space to 'host' your website to serve your website to the World Wide
Web (www)
4. upload the website onto the server of the Hosting Service :
using an FTP File Transfer Protocol program which is used for moving files from one
computer to another over the Internet
‫ ما من مؤمن يدعو ألخيه بظهر الغيب إال قال الملك‬:‫وفي الحديث الصحيح يقول ﷺ‬
. ‫ آمين ولك بمثله فدعوة المسلم ألخيه المسلم في ظهر الغيب مستجابة‬:‫الموكل‬
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