Baku Higher Oil School
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
Chemical Engineering
Sustainability, Health, and Safety
Legislation Coursework
Name
Nurlan Azizli
Supervisor
Sadaqat Farzullayeva
Date of submission
November 23, 2018
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 3
Petrochemical industry in Azerbaijan ....................................................................................................... 3
The legislation of Azerbaijan Republic: The rules for petrochemical industry .................................. 4
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on The Protection of Atmospheric Air ........................................ 5
The law of Azerbaijan Republic on the Utilization of Energy Resources....................................... 6
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 6
References .................................................................................................................................................. 7
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Introduction
The petrochemical industry incorporates the production facilities dealing with the
manufacturing of various pure chemical compounds, using the products from the oil
refineries as a raw material. The components that are products from any petrochemical
complex will either be used as monomers in polymerization units, or will be used as raw
material through the processing of other petrochemical facilities. The polymerization
units are also considered to be part of the petrochemical industry, which produces
various plastic materials, that will be used as raw stuff in the manufacturing of further
products.
For example, in ethylene production unit, there are the transportation of light naphtha
from the refineries into the petrochemical complex via pipelines, and LPG via
automotive transport. Following this, there are series of the processes processing under
extreme heat, and pressure, involving thousands of the different equipment. At the end
of the manufacturing process, the eventual products ethylene and propylene must be
deposited in cylindrical (ethylene), or spherical (propylene) vessels. Then these
components are transported into the another production units for manufacturing of
plastic materials, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or processing of other
petrochemical monomers, such as vinyl chloride. All in all there are a large quantity of
the energy consumption, in different forms (natural gas, electricity, gasoline and etc.),
and huge amount of industrial waste in different forms (emissions into the atmosphere
and water bodies), throughout the overall process, production and transportation.
Furthermore, there are a number of potential hazards, including the production plant
and transport facilities. Any wrong action within the transport of LPG, may cause a
serious explosion causing multiple of death and injury in nearby transport facilities.
Thus, the hazardous production line, and industrial emissions undermine the social and
environmental sustainability of the final petrochemical products. Therefore, the industrial
emissions into the outer environment should be scrutinized to preclude the growth of
any fatal diseases within the society associated with the manufacturing of petrochemical
products, and pollution of environment. Moreover, the protection of the health of the
workers makes necessary the obligatory safety procedures, within the plant area.
Understandable, the preparation and implication of the relevant legislation involving the
set of rules related to the production becomes crucial to ensure the safety of the
personnel and production sustainability.
Petrochemical industry in Azerbaijan
The history of the petrochemical industry in Azerbaijan begins in 1989, with the
installation and start-up of the "Azerikimya" petrochemical complex, involving ethylene
and low density polyethylene production units. In recent years, several novel facilities
have been constructed and started up, such as polypropylene unit, and the existing
plants have been restored and modernized. All these facilities are extensively checked
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up, to investigate the adherence to the set rules and guidelines related to the protection
of health and safety of the personnel, the quality of the eventual products, and the
composition of the industrial waste. The major organizations in Azerbaijan that uphold
accountability for the relevant administrative measures are following:
1. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources: The ministry is accountable for
the regulation of the use of the different fossil or alternative energy sources, as
well as the determination and measurement of the limits for the atmospheric
pollutions;
2. The Ministry of labor and social protection: This authority ensures the rights,
health and safety of the labor engaged in the process industries;
3. The Ministry of Emergency Situations: This organization is responsible for taking
direct actions for the people's evacuation, and fire mitigation in the cases of
emergency situations, such as explosions. The responsibility also involves,
active inspection of the hazards, to prevent beforehand the occurrence of any
accident
4. The Ministry of Energy: The supervision, and the determination of the limits and
permits, for the storage, distribution, processing, and utilizing of the energy
materials.
5. State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic: The Petrochemical industry is
regulated by this authority.
The legislation of Azerbaijan Republic: The rules for petrochemical
industry
The Legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic contains following laws related to the safety
within the process industries, and the emissions to the environment:
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The Law of the Azerbaijan republic on protection of atmospheric air, N109-IQ,
Baku, March 27, 2001;
The Law of the Azerbaijan on utilization of energy resources, N194-IQ, Baku,
November 17, 1996;
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on the Protection of Environment, N678-IQ,
Baku, June 8, 1999;
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Water Supply and Sewage, N723-IQ, Baku,
October 28, 1999;
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Industrial and Domestic waste, N514-IQ,
Baku, June 30, 1998;
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Environmental Safety, N677-IQ, Baku, June
8, 1999;
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on Technical Safety, N733-IQ, Baku, 1999;
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The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on the Protection of Health, N360-IQ, Baku,
1997.
The Law of Azerbaijan Republic on The Protection of Atmospheric Air
Atmospheric air is crucial part of the Earth directly affecting people's work competency,
and health condition, as well as the overall environmental circumstance over the
selected area. The purpose of the law is to ensure the existence of favorable
environmental condition for the citizens to live, and delivery of uncorrupted
environmental report for them to receive.
The governmental regulation for the protection of air prioritize the human health
protection, and the provision of the favorable conditions for the inhabitants. The quantity
of the harmful emissions to the air is regulated by the governmental authorities. The
data related to the current conditions of air and its pollution is administered by the state
organizations. The protection of the air is done via the scientifically proved and objective
approach. The components which are potential harm to the health of the people is
registered by the specific executive authority. The quantities of the emissions of the
harmful substances is administered via pre-established rules. The rules also determines
the amount of the obligatory payment that will be paid for exceeding the predetermined
limits set by the authorities. The confirmatory certificates about the environmental
competency of various fuel products, processing technologies, industrial facilities, and
transportation means is prepared in concordance with the established rules by state.
The air protection policy is conducted over the state area uniformly. The state programs
is prepared to reduce the harmful emissions into the air. This programs is applied, along
with other International obligations, for the protection of the air.
The duties of the local authorities is to create and apply territorial ecological programs,
as well as to organize the control and monitoring over the limited area. They are also
obliged to preserve the indigenous population in emergency situations which may
create threat for people's health due to air pollution. Their next duty is to administer the
legal figures obliged to protect the air. They must inform the local people of the air
conditions via the uncorrupted report about the level of air pollution and ongoing
programs implemented for the improvement of the quality of the air.
The legal and physical population within the air protection area have right to submit
offers to the regulatory bodies regarding the solutions of the certain atmospheric
problems, as well as to participate in air protection activities, or financing those
activities.
The NGOs (non-governmental organizations) also have right to take part in the
conduction of air protection programs. They may require answer to the certain questions
related to interests of the indigenous population from the governmental authorities or
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international collaborations. They may require from legal figures, or regulatory bodies to
observe the legislation concerned with the air protection. They are also allowed to
penetrate through the boundaries of industrial facilities which are the origin of the air
pollution within the norms established by the legislation.
The law of Azerbaijan Republic on the Utilization of Energy Resources
This law is concerned with the identification of the major aspects of the State policy
concerned with the use of the energy sources, and regulation of the connections
between the entities and the State. The international agreements, the normative acts
and this law form the legislation of Azerbaijan Republic on the use of energy sources.
The activities of the entities must be regulated via economic measures for energy
saving strategy. The law priorities the requirement on energy saving throughout the
activities related to the energy utilization and application encouraging methods. All the
designed, constructed, or restored facilities must be examined by power expert. When
the sources of energy is utilized irrationally specific sanctions must be applied against
the irrational energy user. The issues related to the energy saving can be solved via
cooperation between governments. To efficiently use the energy, innovative methods
and technologies should be developed and applied. Specific programs must be
prepared by the governmental or local authorities to manage the accomplishment of the
rational use of energy sources. The government will establish the relevant
circumstances for the investigations to develop novel technologies and processes for
the rational use of energy sources. The adherence to the normative acts and State
policy related to the rational energy use will be regulated, and the production and the
use of energy sources will be examined by experts. Irrational energy users will be
responsible for their activity. The scientific research and engineering activities dedicated
to the energy saving procedures should be funded, as well as the development and use
of the facility and technologies. The personnel must be trained and their operating
knowledge must be enhanced. The organizations should be provided with power control
system, and power supply management. In case of any difference related to the energy
utilization between this law and International Agreement involving Azerbaijan Republic,
the regulation stipulated by the International Agreement will be applied. The power
specialists must be taught of the fundamental principles of the effective use of fossil and
alternative energy sources.
Conclusion
This report summarized the major points about the organization of the administrative
measures within the petrochemical industry in Azerbaijan. The relevant legislation is
presented, and two Laws, relation to the atmospheric pollutions, and energy utilization
were discussed.
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References
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Law of Azerbaijan Republic on the Protection of Atmospheric Air:
http://www.cawater-info.net/library/eng/az_prot_air.pdf
Law of Azerbaijan Republic on the utilization of energy resources:
http://www.travel-images.com/az-law-energy.html
Legislation in Azerbaijan:
https://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweaze.htm
Valiyev, K., & Eminova, R. (n.d.). Oil and gas regulation in Azerbaijan: Overview.
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